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  • BIOSCIENCES  (378)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (378)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1972  (378)
Collection
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Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (378)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
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    Biomedical experiments. Part A: Biostack experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The biostack experiment is described which was designed to study the biologic effects of individual heavy nuclei of galactic cosmic radiation during space flight outside the magnetosphere of the earth. Specifically, the biostack experiment was designed to promote research on the effects of high energy/high Z particles of galactic cosmic radiation on a broad spectrum of biologic systems, from the molecular to the highly organized and developed forms of life. The experiment was considered unique and scientifically meritorious because of its potential yield of information - currently unavailable on earth - on the interaction of biologic systems with the heavy particles of galactic cosmic radiation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 2
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    Surveyor 3: Bacterium isolated from lunar retrieved television camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Microbial analysis was the first of several studies of the retrieved camera and was performed immediately after the camera was opened. The emphasis of the analysis was placed upon isolating microorganisms that could be potentially pathogenic for man. Every step in the retrieval of the Surveyor 3 television camera was analyzed for possible contamination sources, including camera contact by the astronauts, ingassing in the lunar and command module during the mission or at splashdown, and handling during quarantine, disassembly, and analysis at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 239-248
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  • 3
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    Microbial response to space environment, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The performance of the microbial response to space environment experiment is considered excellent by all investigators. For most microbial systems, only preliminary survival data are available at this time. None of the available data indicate space flight-mediated changes in cell viability or recovery. One quite important observation has been made at this early date, however. The eggs produced after mice had been infected with N. dubius larvae demonstrated a significant decrease in hatchability when compared to identical ground controls. Except for the fact that the Apollo 16 flight larvae had been on board the command module, treatment of the flown larvae and ground control larvae was the same; neither had been exposed to UV irradiation. The significance and implications of this finding are currently being studied.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 4
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    Visual light flash phenomenon, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 mission provided the opportunity to obtain additional data on the characteristics and frequency of the light flashes and also provided the first opportunity to obtain a direct physical record of incident cosmic ray particles with the Apollo light flash moving emulsion detector (ALFMED). The ALFMED is an electromechanical device that is worn on the head like a helmet and supports cosmic radiation-sensitive emulsions around the head of the test subject. Two light flash observation sessions were conducted during the mission: one during translunar coast and the second during transearth coast. Characteristics of the light flashes observed and reported by the Apollo crew members were generally similar to those reported on previous missions. Analyses of the ALFMED emulsion plates are proceeding as scheduled, although results are not yet available. The ALFMED results should provide conclusive evidence establishing the correlation, if any, between the incident cosmic ray particles and the perception of light flashes as reported by Apollo crew members.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 5
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    Microbiological sampling of returned Surveyor 3 electrical cabling (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A piece of electrical wiring bundle running from the television camera to another part of the spacecraft was selected for microbiological examination. Sampling methods are discussed. The results presented show that no viable microorganisms were recovered from the part of the Surveyor 3 cable which was tested. Factors that could have contributed to the sterility of the cable are thermal vacuum testing, natural dieoff, change in pressure during launch, and lunar vacuum and temperature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 248-251
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  • 6
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    Helicopter crew/passenger vibration sensitivity - (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Helicopter crew and passenger vibration sensitivity are presented. Pilot subjective ratings are established for discrete frequencies and the impact of combinations of harmonic frequencies is examined. A passenger long term comfort level and a short term limit are defined for discrete frequencies and compared with pilot ratings. The results show reasonable agreement between pilot and passenger. Subjective comfort levels obtained for mixed frequency environments clearly demonstrate the need for a multi-frequency criterion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 143-153
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  • 7
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    Cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and coronary hemodynamics in the conscious dog during hypoxic hypoxia. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The mechanisms by which acute hypoxia (10% and 5% oxygen) mediates changes in coronary blood flow and cardiac function were investigated in the conscious dog. When the dogs breathed hypoxic gas mixtures through a tracheostomy, both arterial and coronary sinus oxygen tensions were significantly decreased. With 5% oxygen, there were significant increases in heart rate (25%), maximum left ventricular dP/dt (39%), left circumflex coronary artery blood flow (163%), and left ventricular oxygen consumption (52%), which were attenuated by beta-adrenergic blockage with propranolol. When electrical pacing was used to keep the ventricular rate constant during hypoxia, there was no significant difference in coronary blood flow before and after beta blockade. Beta-adrenergic receptor activity in the myocardium participates in the integrated response to hypoxia although it may not cause active vasodilation of the coronary vessels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Apr. 197
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  • 8
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    Effects of pentobarbital on plasma glucose and free fatty acids in the rat. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Hyperglycemia and hypolipemia were observed in rats after the injection of sodium pentobarbital. The observed changes were independent of whether the blood was collected by decapitation or by needle puncture of the aorta. The hyperglycemic response was caused by two factors including the stress of the injection per se and the pharmacological action of the drug. Hyperlipemia was observed at 5 min postinjection. However, pentobarbital decreased plasma free fatty acids by 15 min postinjection. Both the hyperglycemia and hypolipemia responses were dose dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; vol. 139
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  • 9
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    Effect of stratified inequality of blood flow on gas exchange in liquid-filled lungs. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation set out to answer two questions: (1) are the distal alveoli in the terminal lung units less well perfused than the proximal alveoli, i.e., is there stratification of blood flow; and (2) if so, does this enhance gas exchange in the presence of stratified inequality of ventilation. Excised dog lungs were ventilated with saline and perfused with blood. Following single inspirations of xenon 133 in saline and various periods of breath holding, the expired xenon concentration against volume was measured and it confirmed marked stratified inequality of ventilation under these conditions. By measuring the rate of depletion of xenon from alveoli during a period of blood flow, we showed that the alveoli which emptied at the end of expiration had 16% less blood flow than those exhaling earlier. However, by measuring the xenon concentration in pulmonary venous blood, we found that about 10% less tracer was transferred from the alveoli into the blood when the inspired xenon was stratified within the respiratory zone. Thus while stratification of blood flow was confirmed, it was shown to impair rather than enhance the efficiency of gas transfer.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 10
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    Viruslike particles in the tissues of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new finding of viruslike particles in the salivary and accessory glands, muscles, and nerves of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster is discussed. In morphology and size, the particles seemed identical to those described in earlier reports. On the basis of the available results, it cannot be affirmed that these particles infect only dividing cells, since they are found in all the Drosophila tissues so far examined. Their relation to the aging process is felt to be an interesting subject for further study.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology; 19; Jan. 197
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  • 11
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    Effects of exposing rats to 100% oxygen at 450 and 600 mm Hg on in vitro liver and adipose tissue lipid synthesis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Male rats (260-285 gm) were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 or 600 mm Hg for 1 to 4 days. Rats maintained at 450 mm Hg ate 92% the amount of food eaten by ad libitum controls maintained at sea level conditions. At 600 mm Hg, the food intake was 77% of the ad libitum controls. No difference was found in the plasma level of glucose, free fatty acids, and corticosterone between oxygen exposed rats and their respective pair-fed controls. The in vitro conversion of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue from rats exposed at 450 mm Hg for 2, 3, or 4 days was significantly increased above pair-fed controls and ad libitum controls. Increasing the oxygen pressure to 600 mm Hg abolished this increase, and in fact, reversed the increased synthesis to a significant decrease for the 4-day exposure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 12
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    Urological considerations in space medicine. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Urological problems encountered during the preparation phases of Biosatellite III, flight of Bonny the Space Monkey, are detailed. The solution to each problem is detailed. The catheter system employed, antibiotic coverage used, and bacteria encountered in the urine of the five animals are detailed. Urinary calcium levels in three ground based animals are illustrated. Testicular alterations encountered in all animals are mentioned. It is concluded that space flights of duration beyond nine days may present serious problems of a urological nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 13
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    Organic molecules in space. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Examination of the question of chemical evolution. Observational evidence for the occurrence of some organic compounds in space is presented, and the likely existence of more complex molecules which are as yet undetected or unidentified is pointed out. This implies that massive solid objects, i.e., planets and asteroids, were accumulated from material which already contained a variety of organic compounds. The objects or regions of the galaxy studied are comets, interstellar space, prestellar nebulae, and cool stellar atmospheres.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 14
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    Potential targets in the search for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the potential for increasing understanding of the origins of terrestrial life by examination of other planets. If living organisms should be found on another planet, they could only have been transported from an inhabited planet or originated independently. The fundamental chemical and structural attributes of terrestrial organisms are so remarkably uniform that any living forms outside the terrestrial blueprint would almost certainly be regarded as alien organisms. It has been shown experimentally by various investigators that life can exist in an extremely wide range of temperatures and pressures. The presence of an atmosphere appears to be necessary.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 15
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    Planetary atmospheres. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the composition of the atmospheres of the planets. Their wide variety is of interest in view of the fact that all nine planets were probably formed at the same time and out of the same chemically homogeneous mixture of gas and dust, i.e., the primitive solar nebula. The most likely explanation for this diversity in composition seems to be that the planetary atmospheres have undergone important evolutionary changes during their history of about 4.5 billion years. The early history of the earth's atmosphere is reviewed, as well as that of Venus and Mars. The most interesting aspect of Jupiter is that its present atmosphere seems to be composed of the same gases, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, out of which the first living organisms are believed to have been synthesized on the earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 16
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    Ultrastructure of Pseudomonas saccharophila at early and late log phase of growth. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of the fine structure of Pseudomonas saccarophila at the early log phase and the late log phase of growth, such as shown by electron microscopy with the aid of various techniques of preparation. The observations reported suggested that, under the experimental conditions applied, P. saccharophila multiplies by the method of constrictive division.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 109; Feb. 197
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  • 17
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    Distribution and significance of carbon compounds on the moon. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Exploration of available information concerning carbon on the moon, following review of what is known about carbon on the earth, and consideration of the results of studies of meteorites, which have provided the first direct clues about extraterrestrial carbon. Carbon and carbon isotope composition data taken from Apollo 11 samples are tabulated. Carbon compounds produced by pyrolysis, extracted with benzene-methanol, extracted with water, and freed by acid treatment are discussed. Carbon and carbon compounds in lunar rocks and soils appear to be distributed heterogeneously.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 18
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    The presence of P700 in chloroplast fragments prepared by short time incubation with Triton X-100. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 275; 1972
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  • 19
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    Lactate dehydrogenase from an extremely thermophilic bacillus. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie; 85; 1972
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  • 20
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    Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The interrelationships between the changes in plasma volume, hematocrit, and plasma proteins during muscular exercise and bed rest were investigated. Proportionally, the changes in hematocrit are always smaller than the changes in plasma volume. For this reason changes in the concentration of blood constituents can only be quantitated on the basis of plasma volume changes. During short periods of intensive exercise, there was a small loss of plasma proteins. With prolonged submaximal exercise there was a net gain in plasma protein, which contributes to stabilization of the vascular volume. Prolonged bed rest induced hypoproteinemia; this loss of plasma protein probably plays an important role in recumbency hypovolemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; July 197
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  • 21
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    Circadian rhythm asynchrony in man during hypokinesis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Posture and exercise were investigated as synchronizers of certain physiologic rhythms in eight healthy male subjects in a defined environment. Four subjects exercised during bed rest. Body temperature (BT), heart rate, plasma thyroid hormone, and plasma steroid data were obtained from the subjects for a 6-day ambulatory equilibration period before bed rest, 56 days of bed rest, and a 10-day recovery period after bed rest. The results indicate that the mechanism regulating the circadian rhythmicity of the cardiovascular system is rigorously controlled and independent of the endocrine system, while the BT rhythm is more closely aligned to the endocrine system.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 22
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    Method for analyses of cyclic physiological data that are nonstationary in time. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The proposed method of studying biologic rhythms permits the biologist to view physiological data dynamically without assuming that the data are stationary in time. Vector representation of data points is employed, and the summation of the vectors (train of vectors) produces a summation dial that is able to detect dynamic changes in the time of the peak as well as random walks (arrhythmia).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 23
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    Properties of phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus neapolitanus. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 24
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VIII - Respiration-dependent detergent dissolution of cell envelopes. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 282; 1972
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  • 25
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    Isolation of a polyvalent bacteriophage for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aerobacter aerogenes. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Virology; 9; May 1972
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  • 26
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    Lipid composition of growing and starving cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Missing abstr.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 111
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  • 27
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    Escape conditioning and low-frequency whole-body vibration - The effects of frequency, amplitude, and controls for noise and activation. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Seven experiments are reported on low-frequency whole-body vibration and rats' escape conditioning in a modified Skinner box. In the first three studies, conditioning was observed but was independent of frequency. In experiment four, the number of escape responses was directly related to vibration amplitude. Experiment five was a control for vibration noise and noise termination; experiments six and seven studied vibration-induced activation. Noise termination did not produce conditioning. In experiment six, subjects made more responses when responding led to termination than when it did not. In experiment seven, subjects preferred a bar which terminated vibration to one which did not.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Psychonomic Science; 27; May 10
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  • 28
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    Isolation and characterization of ultraviolet light-sensitive mutants of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three independently isolated ultraviolet light sensitive (uvs) mutants of Anacystis nidulans were characterized. Strain uvs-1 showed the highest sensitivity to UV by its greatly reduced photoreactivation capacity following irradiation. Pretreatment with caffeine suppressed the dark-survival curve of strain uvs-1, thus indicating the presence of excision enzymes involved in dark repair. Under 'black' and 'white' illumination, strain uvs-1 shows photorecovery properties comparable with wild-type cultures. Results indicate that strains uvs-1, uvs-35, and uvs-88 are probably genetically distinct UV-sensitive mutants.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 110; June 197
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  • 29
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    Exobiology, Jupiter and life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent experiments in an environmental chamber have shown that not even hardy terrestrial bacteria can survive on the Martian surface. The planet Jupiter is now considered by many to be the most likely place to find nonterrestrial life. Atmospheric simulation experiments for Jupiter that have been performed involve spark or semicorona discharges in mixtures of methane and ammonia at room temperature and a pressure lower than atmospheric. Terrestrial microorganisms have been shown capable of surviving 24 hr under a range of possible Jovian atmospheric conditions. The final mode of approach to the question of Jovian life concerns theoretical studies on the sort of chemical systems from which life could be generated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Spaceflight; 14; June 197
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  • 30
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    Acute changes in the central nervous system of monkeys exposed to protons. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the changes occurring in simian brain exposed to protons of varied energy, given in wide dose and dose-rate ranges. Results show that inflammatory reaction and glycogen accumulation in astrocytes occurred practically in all animals. Cerebral cortical necrosis, granule cell pyknosis, and inflammatory reaction occurred at doses far lower than effective for high-energy gamma radiation given other series of monkeys at comparable dose rates. Metallic impregnation, carried out in virtually all the animals tested, revealed a wide variation in glial response even at equal doses and dose rates in the same proton energy series. Proton energy effect, dose effect, dose-time effect, and dose-rate effect were evident in the various morphological categories investigated, but inconsistencies were encountered.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology; 31; Jan. 197
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  • 31
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    Comparative anatomy of the vestibular nuclear complex in submammalian vertebrates. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A synopsis of the literature on the natural history of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in lower vertebrates is presented in an attempt to assess the knowledge available. The review discloses that there is considerable descriptive information that is widely dispersed in the literature. However, information about the topology, number, and cellular composition of the cell groups that compose the VNC is sketchy. Major cytological and hodological information is still needed to establish which parts of the VNC actually are homologous.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 32
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    Search for biogenic structures and viable organisms in lunar samples - A review. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to summarize the examinations and tests of the lunar samples to date and point out the limitations and tentative conclusions regarding the biology of the moon. The low levels of organic carbon, the lack of hydrous minerals, and inability to hold an atmosphere all make it unlikely that the moon could provide sufficient sources of organics and water to generate even the rudimentary beginnings of chemical precursors to life.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 33
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    Solvent effects on enzymes - Implications for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of several studies on the alterations taking place in the structure, catalytic activity, specificity, and stability of an enzyme when some or all of the water in the medium is replaced by another solvent. These studies show the utility of solvents as a tool for probing enzyme function. They also suggest that solvents other than water should be investigated as media for controlling and directing enzyme reactions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 34
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    Evolution of ribonuclease in relation to polypeptide folding mechanisms. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparisons of the N-terminal region of pancreatic RNAase in seven species are presented, taking into account cow, bison, deer, rat, pig, kangaroo, and turtle. The available limited evidence on hypervariable regions indicates that there is still an evolutionary constraint on them. It is proposed that there is a selection pressure acting on all regions of a protein sequence in evolution. Mutations that tend to obstruct the folding process can lead to various intensities of selection pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 240; Dec. 15
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  • 35
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    Thyroid and adrenal cortical rhythmicity during bed rest. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of prolonged bed rest on adrenocortical and thyroid function were assessed in eight healthy males, aged 20-40 years, who were submitted to bed rest for 56 days on a 14L:10D regimen (lights-on, 9:00 AM). Four of these subjects exercised three times daily throughout the experiment. Circulating cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine, concentrations were determined in blood samples drawn at four hourly intervals for 48-hr periods before, 10, 20, 30, 42, and 54 days during, and 10 days post-bed rest. Significant fluctuations in the circulating levels of all three hormones occurred with peaks at 7:30 AM. The suggestion is advanced that thyroid rhythms may be posture dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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    A salt-inhibited cytochrome c reductase obtained from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Micrococcus halodenitrificans. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 37
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    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-U.S. Public Health Service Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program - Summary of results. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An exercise program was initiated in a federal agency to assess the feasibility of such a program, and to identify the factors that influenced joining, adherence to, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible federal employees; mean attendance rate was 1.3 days/week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, believed they had sufficient time to participate and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements and triglyceride levels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: American Journal of Cardiology; 30; Nov. 197
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  • 38
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    Natural aging and radiation-induced life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development; 1; 1972
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  • 39
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VII - Solubilization properties of menadione reductase. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 247; May 25
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  • 40
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    Chemical evolution and the origin of life - Bibliography supplement 1970. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 41
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    'Thunder' - Shock waves in pre-biological organic synthesis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theoretical study of the gasdynamics and chemistry of lightning-produced shock waves in a postulated primordial reducing atmosphere. It is shown that the conditions are similar to those encountered in a previously performed shock-tube experiment which resulted in 36% of the ammonia in the original mixture being converted into amino acids. The calculations give the (very large) energy rate of about 0.4 cal/sq cm/yr available for amino acid production, supporting previous hypotheses that 'thunder' could have been responsible for efficient large-scale production of organic molecules serving as precursors of life.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 42
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    Neuropathological evaluation of monkeys exposed to body-alone X-radiation. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigation of the problem of whether morphological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) following whole-body irradiation are attributable in part to abscopal factors. The 12 monkeys irradiated and the 6 that served as controls were chosen from a pool of 25 young monkeys. Over the postirradiation survival period of 14 days the hematocrit and hemoglobin values varied only slightly from the baseline values and from the values in the 6 control animals. White cell fractions were reduced in quantity but tended to recover relatively soon after irradiation. The design of this experiment was regarded as adequate to allow a conclusion whether pathological changes in the CNS of the irradiated animals differed from or exceeded those observed in the control animals. That such occurred on both counts in 3 of the 12 irradiated animals was evident. It appears that all the lesions must have been abscopally induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 43
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    The influence of clinostat rotation on the fertilized amphibian egg. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study in which unrestrained, fertilized eggs of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis were rotated in a plane parallel to the normal gravity vector. In R. pipiens rotation at 1/4 rpm for five days at 18 C produced a significantly increased number of commonly occurring abnormalities. Rotation at 1/15, 1/8, 1, 2, 5 and 10 rpm did not significantly affect normal development. X. laevis eggs reacted similarly. R. pipiens eggs were most sensitive to rotation at 1/4 rpm when exposure was initiated before first cleavage. Mixing of intracellular constituents apparently occurred only at 1/4 rpm in R. pipiens (of the clinostat speeds studied), and may have been the cause of the increased abnormality observed at this rate.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 44
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    Brain tumors in irradiated monkeys. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of 32 monkeys which survived one to seven years after total body exposure to protons or to high-energy X rays. Among these 32 monkeys there were 21 which survived two years or longer after exposure to 200 to 800 rad. Glioblastoma multiforme developed in 3 of the 10 monkeys surviving three to five years after receiving 600 or 800 rad 55-MeV protons. Thus, the incidence of tumor development in the present series was far higher than the incidence of spontaneously developing brain tumors in monkeys cited in the literature. This suggests that the tumors in the present series may have been radiation-induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Acta Neuropathologica; 20; 1972
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  • 45
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    A common modality of action of simulated space stresses on the oxidative metabolism of ethylmorphine, aniline and p-nitroanisole by male rat liver. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High gravity, cold and starvation elicited similar responses in male Simonson rats. These responses included a decreased rate in body weight gain, increased metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole, and no consistent pattern of change in the metabolism of ethylmorphine. Cold and starvation increased the amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450, while hypobaric-hyperoxia caused no change in any of the parameters measured. When 1% acetone was given to the rats in their drinking water, the effects on drug metabolism were similar to those produced by food restriction in that the metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole was increased, and the metabolism of ethylmorphine unchanged. The type I binding spectrum of acetone suggests that it is either a substrate, inhibitor, or both for hepatitic oxidative enzymes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology; 21; 1972
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  • 46
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    Nutrition and Musculoskeletal Function: Skylab Experiment Series Number M070 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The M070 experiments are expected to give medical investigators precise information on a variety of biochemical changes occurring during exposure to space flight. Sufficient control data are being generated by baseline studies to differentiate those effects that are caused by weightless flight and those that are caused by other abnormal conditions that normally accompany spaceflight.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 10 p
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  • 47
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    Development of Sensitive and Direct Methods for Measuring Plasma Aldosterone and Catecholamine Concentrations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Radioimmunoassays for renin activity, angiotensin 1, and angiotensin 2 in the study of vasomotor regulation give new insight into the role of the renin system in maintaining postural homeostatsis. Similar laboratory procedures for specific assays of aldosterone and catecholamines achieve accurate determinations in small human blood samples.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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  • 48
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    Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, and Vitamin D (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Analyses of secretion of parathyroid hormone during tests of stimulation and suppression of hormone-secretory activity using infusions of EDTA and calcium, respectively, have established that, in contrast to previous views, secretion of the hormone is not autonomous in many patients that have adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, but is responsive to changes in blood-calcium concentration. These findings have led to a new understanding of the pathophysiology of hormone production in hyperparathy-roidism. A related application of the diagnostic use of the radioimmunoassay is the preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors and the distinction between adenomas and chief-cell hyperplasia. Work involving catheterization and radioimmunoassay of blood samples obtained from the subclavin and innominate veins and the venae cavae, led to localization in a high percentage of patients. However, this procedure has been adopted recently to detect hormone concentration in the small veins directly draining the parathyroid glands.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 28 p
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  • 49
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    Studies of the Renin-aldosterone System and Sodium Homeostasis During Simulated Weightlessness: Application of the Water Immersion Model to Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The ability of water immersion to reproducibly suppress renin and aldosterone and to produce a significant natriuresis in man during weightlessness simulation is proven. It is concluded that the water immersion model constitutes a useful tool for elucidating the mechanism of natriuresis occurring during manned space flight and the specific countermeasures for use in its management.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 13 p
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  • 50
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    The NASA-USPHS Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An exercise program was initiated to assess the feasibility of an on the job health evaluation and enhancement program, as well as to identify the factors which influenced volunteering, adherence, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible Federal employees, with a mean attendance of 1.3 days per week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, felt they had sufficient time to participate, and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements, and triglycerides. A consistent relationship was found between subjectively reported effects of the program on work, health habits, and behavior, and improvement in cardiovascular function, based on treadmill performance. Numerous personal and programmatic factors influencing volunteering and participation were identified.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Ann. Conf. of NASA Clinic Directors, Environ. Health Offic. and Med. Program Advisors; p 173-195
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  • 51
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    Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Levels in Ground Based Studies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Baseline values of immunoreactive ACTH were established in the normal healthy adult. Normal levels of ACTH secretion were determined for both the male and the female in circulating plasma and serum. The data obtained in these studies are particularly significant in that the sampling was carefully controlled; only healthy employed individuals of both sexes were tested in a routine work situation that would not be considered conducive to stress. It has been found that alterations in the classically described circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion can occur when activities (such as work/rest cycles) are imposed on the individual studied. These changes can be demonstrated even when there is no appreciable change noted in the rhythm of hydrocortisone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 9 p
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  • 52
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    Estimation of Vasopressin Excretion in the Urine as a Method of Monitoring Vasopressin Secretion During Space Flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is demonstrated that, under the circumstances of space flight, the measurement of plasma ADH levels might be misleading and that only the urinary ADH levels provide reliable information. The results of a partially completed survey of ADH levels in urine samples from human subjects in which simultaneous plasma ADH levels were available are included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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    The Medical Aspects of Space Flight Seen from the Viewpoint of Nuclear Medicine (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Radionuclide volume measurements performed on crews of selected Apollo missions indicate the following: (1) Invariably, there is a small drop in red-cell mass of the returning crewmembers; (2) plasma-volume decreases similar to those experienced during bedrest are found in crewmen of short Gemini missions. After longer missions, the plasma-volume decrease is no longer present; (3) extracellular- and total-body water changes prove that spaceflight weight loss includes actual tissue losses; and (4) the loss of total-body exchangeable potassium after the Apollo 15 mission is evidence of increased aldosterone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 8 p
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    Urinary Excretion of Antidiuretic Hormone in Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is shown that urinary excretion of ADH can be detected readily and quantitated accurately. The ADH excretion in normal subjects is inhibited following the administration of a water load and stimulated following water deprivation. It appears that measurement of ADH excretion in man provides a means of quantitating alterations in neurohypophyseal ADH secretion. By determining not only the basal excretion of ADH but also the response to such physiological influences as water loading and dehydration, it becomes possible to study the dynamics of ADH release. Thus, the ability to extract ADH efficiently from urine combined with a sensitive and specific technique for determination of ADH concentration allows the exploration of regulatory systems for ADH control in the normal state as well as the etiological role of altered ADH secretion in clinical disorders of water balance.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 15 p
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  • 55
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    Endocrine Laboratory Results Apollo Missions 14 and 15 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Endocrine/metabolic responses to space flight have been measured on the crewmen of Apollo missions 14 and 15. There were significant biochemical changes in the crewmen of both missions immediately postflight. However, the Apollo 15 mission results differed from Apollo 14 and preflight shown by a normal to increased urine volume with slight increases in antidiuretic hormone. Although Apollo 15 was the first mission in which the exchangeable potassium measurement was made (a decrease), results from other missions were indicative of similar conclusions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 21 p
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  • 56
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    Apparent paradoxical patterns of anaerobic glycolysis and hexokinase activity in the red blood cells of acutely bled rats, with evidence that the responses were in part hormone-dependent. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Journal of Haematology; 23; Oct. 197
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  • 57
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    Cinemicrographic study of the development of subsurface colonies of Staphylococcus aureus in soft agar. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 24; Nov. 197
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    Visual perception of accelerated nitrogen nuclei interacting with the human retina. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Visual phenomena have now been observed in high-energy nitrogen beams produced at the Berkeley Bevatron. Using a nitrogen beam deflected at about 266 MeV/nucleon, three scientifically trained subjects made a series of observations. These observations confirm earlier hypotheses and argue for electronic excitation in or near the outer segments as the important mechanism. A picture showing a simplified anatomy of the left eye in horizontal section is presented. Three regions where various beam positions intercepted visual nervous structures are indicated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 239; Sept. 22
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  • 59
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    Responses of blind fish to gravitational changes as achieved in parabolic flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: Blind fish, during parabolic flight, display a measurable and consistent behavior. The most spectacular new behavioral response is the forward looping of blind fish in or near weightlessness. This response shows no measurable adaptation during the entire period of weightlessness of about 30 sec. During the entrance and exit of weightless parabolas (pushover and pullout) respectively, the fish assumes a forward tilted diving position. Parabolic flight with negative g in the range between 0g and -1g causes similar diving responses of the fish with the only difference being that the dive is directed toward the top of the fish tank. When the response to a g value less than 1g is compared to the response to increased g load on the ground (escape of darting response) an essential difference is seen: higher horizontal acceleration or jerk on the ground causes fish to swim, or even dart, against the direction of inertial force; fish during weightless parabolas move into the direction of the inertial or gravitational force. Since the vestibular system of fish is homologous to that of man, the observed behavior of fish in weightless flight could help to better understand human performance and sensations in comparable situations.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: AGARD Predictability of Motion Sickness in the Selection of Pilots; 4 p
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    Development of analysis techniques for remote sensing of vegetation resources (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Various data handling and analysis techniques are summarized for evaluation of ERTS-A and supporting high flight imagery. These evaluations are concerned with remote sensors applied to wildland and agricultural vegetation resource inventory problems. Monitoring California's annual grassland, automatic texture analysis, agricultural ground data collection techniques, and spectral measurements are included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Review, Vol. 5; 13 p
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    Public health applications of remote sensing (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote infrared and multispectral photography were used to identify coastal salt water-fresh water interfaces conducive to encephalitis vector mosquito breeding in Florida, and to determine the environmental conditions that caused an explosive outbreak of anthrax in Louisiana. Multiband photographic inventories were obtained by simultaneously processing three photographic negatives of the same view which record different wavelength portions of the same light. The process enhances differentiation of vegetative communities and sharply delineates edge effects by assigning false colors to differentiate subtle density differences.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 1; 20 p
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    Remote sensing and extractable biological resources (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The nature and quantity of extractable biological resources available in the Chesapeake Bay are discussed. The application of miniaturized radio sensors to track the movement of fish and birds is described. The specific uses of remote sensors for detecting and mapping areas of algae, red tide, thermal pollution, and vegetation beds are presented. The necessity for obtaining information on the physical, chemical, and meteorological features of the entire bay in order to provide improved resources management is emphasized.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Remote Sensing of the Chesapeake Bay; p 83-89
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    The influence of magnetic total intensity and inclination on directions preferred by migrating European robins (Erithacus rubecula) (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The directional orientation of migratory European robins in relation to magnetic cues is analyzed. Major efforts were made to determine what information the birds derive from the fields. It was determined that magnetic fields provide: (1) field intensity which determines whether the magnetic field can be used for orientation, (2) a means by which axial direction may be perceived, and (3) a means by which the bird can find the north direction. The north direction is sensed from the angle between gravity and the magnetic field.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 569-578
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    Magnetic effect on dancing bees (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Bee sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field is studied. Data cover sensitivity range and the use of magnetoreception for orientation purposes. Experimental results indicate bee orientation is aided by gravity fields when the magnetic field is compensated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 559-567
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    Azimuth orientation of the dragonfly (Sympetrum) (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Evidence is presented of directional orientation by an alighting dragonfly relative to the azimuth of the sun. The effects of wind direction on this orientation are analyzed. It was concluded that wind does not play a major role in orientation but may have some secondary function in helping greater numbers of dragonflies face windward more often than leeward. A search was made to find the principle sensory receptor for orientation. Two possibilities, the large compound eye and the frontal ocelli, were noted; however, no conclusive evidence could be found.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 511-522
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    Anemomenotatic orientation in beetles and scorpions (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Orientation, by beetles and scorpions, according to wind direction and force are analyzed. Major efforts were made to determine: (1) which physical qualities of the air current influence anemomenotaxis, (2) which physiological mechanism is responsible for such orientation, (3) which sense organs do beetles and scorpions use to perceive wind directions, and (4) what the biological significance of anemomenotaxis in the beetle and scorpion is. Experimental results show that the trichobothria in scorpions perceives wind direction; in the beetle it is perceived by sense organs excited by pendicellus-flagellum joint movements. A compensation mechanism is suggested as the basis for anemomenotactic orientation. It was also suggested that the biological significance of anemomenotaxis in scorpions is space orientation; while in beetles it was found to be part of the appetitive behavior used to search for olfactory sign stimuli.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 501-510
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    The case for long range chemoreceptive piloting in Chelonia (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The reproductive ecology and migration habits of Chelonia are investigated. Efforts were made to determine if the turtle navigates by chemoreception and if sensory responses of the migrating animals could be electronically tracked through telemetry. Efforts were also made to: (1) explain why certain small islands or restricted areas of mainland shore are chosen by Chelonia as nesting grounds, even when located a thousand miles or more from the year round feeding grounds of the population; (2) identify guidance mechanisms used by migrants in their periodic open ocean travels; and (3) account for the so called lost year - the virtually complete disappearance of young sea turtles during their first year of life. It was suggested that turtle migration is aided by an olfactory mechanism, sun compass, and ocean currents. The tracking experiment was unsuccessful; the equipment was lost or damaged and stopped functioning after about two hours.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 469-483
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    Orientation through chemo reception in fishes (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system designed to acquire and process data describing locomotor behavior of fish is described. Data are recorded in relation to the fish's response to olfactory stimuli. It was concluded that fish orientation is based on rheataxis or chemotropotaxis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 459-468
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    Visual direction finding by fishes (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The use of visual orientation, in the absence of landmarks, for underwater direction finding exercises by fishes is reviewed. Celestial directional clues observed directly near the water surface or indirectly at an asymptatic depth are suggested as possible orientation aids.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 437-456
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    Visual orientation performances of desert ants (Cataglyphis bicolor) toward astromenotactic directions and horizon landmarks (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Experimental data, on the visual orientation of desert ants toward astromenotactic courses and horizon landmarks involving the cooperation of different direction finding systems, are given. Attempts were made to: (1) determine if the ants choose a compromise direction between astromenotactic angles and the direction toward horizon landmarks when both angles compete with each other or whether they decide alternatively; (2) analyze adaptations of the visual system to the special demands of direction finding by astromenotactic orientation or pattern recognition; and (3) determine parameters of visual learning behavior. Results show separate orientation mechanisms are responsible for the orientation of the ant toward astromenotactic angles and horizon landmarks. If both systems compete with each other, the ants switch over from one system to the other and do not perform a compromise direction.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation Navigation; p 421-436
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    Neurophysiological findings relevant to echolocation in marine animals (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A review of echolocation mechanisms in marine mammals, chiefly porpoises, is given. Data cover peripheral auditory and central neurophysiological specializations favorable to the analysis of echolocating clicks and their echoes. Conclusions show (1) signals are received from 50 up to at least 135 kHz, (2) sound is received through the mandible skin, and (3) the midbrain sites are insensitive to low frequencies (below 6 kHz).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 373-395
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    Middle ear muscle contractions and their relation to pulse and echo evoked potentials in the bat (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An analysis is made of pulse and echo orientation cries of the Mustache Bat. That bat's cries are characterized by a long, 60 to 30 msec, pure tone component and brief beginning and terminal FM sweeps. In addition to obvious echo overlap and middle ear muscle contractions, the following are examined: (1) characteristics of pulse- and echo-evoked potential under various conditions, (2) evidence of changes in hearing sensitivity during and after pulse emission, and (3) the role of the middle ear muscles in bringing about these changes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 355-363
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    Biology can use trained animals (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The use of trained animals to solve complicated biological problems related to psychology is discussed. Data cover sensory and motor capacity. Several examples and experiments are described.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 305-319
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    Topography and pigeon orientation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two types of homing experiments with pigeons to determine the influence of topographical features on the orientation behavior of the birds are discussed. The releases and following were conducted by ground experiments in which the birds are tracked by visual observation at points of topographical interest and the helicopter method by which the birds are tracked throughout the entire flight. The ground experiments showed a strong influence of topographical features on initial orientation. The helicopter experiments showed that the ground experiments do not provide adequate information on the manner in which homing occurs.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 259-273
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    An approach toward an analysis of the pattern recognition involved in the stellar orientation of birds (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A conditioning method was used to investigate the orientational responses of ducks as affected by manipulations of the stellar patterns in a planetarium. Under simulated natural skies it was possible to train a bird to a particular direction successively under all positions of the rotating sphere at a constant latitude. The responses were independent of the phase relationships between local time, season, and appearance of the sky provided the bird had been trained under the particular sector of the sphere some time before.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 211-222
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    Possible steps in the evolutionary development of bird navigation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Hypotheses are presented to explain the evolutionary development of navigational ability in migratory birds. Areas of discussion to describe the possible techniques are: (1) sun compass, (2) bicoordinate navigation, (3) star compass, (4) wind cues, (5) earth magnetic field, and (6) landscape features. It is concluded that landscape is the single most important cue for orientation of nonmigratory birds. The long range migratory birds appear to use a combination of cues with the relative importance of the cue dependent upon the species of the bird involved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 223-257
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  • 77
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    The ontogenetic development of orientation capabilities (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of celestial references on the navigation ability of birds are discussed. Tests were conducted in a planetarium with indigo buntings to determine the amount of stellar pattern which could be removed before disorientation occurred. It was determined that young birds have a predisposition to respond to the apparent rotational motion of the night sky. It was concluded that the peak in responsiveness to rotational information is presented during the first summer of life, prior to the first migration season.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 191-210
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  • 78
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    State of the art: A review (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Electronic devices and instruments currently used to track animals in order to determine their migratory and navigational behavior are discussed. Passive and active transducers in use for this purpose are described. The characteristics of the data received by the transducers and the equipment used to process the data are explained.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 93-96
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  • 79
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    Recent statistical methods for orientation data (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The application of statistical methods for determining the areas of animal orientation and navigation are discussed. The method employed is limited to the two-dimensional case. Various tests for determining the validity of the statistical analysis are presented. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical considerations and tables of data are developed to show the value of information obtained by statistical analysis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Animal Orientation and Navigation; p 61-91
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  • 80
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    The heavy particle hazard, what physical data are needed? (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The physical data required to evaluate the radiation hazard from heavy galactic cosmic rays to astronauts on extended missions are discussed. The spectral characteristics, nuclear interaction parameters, and track structure of particles are emphasized. The data on the lower energy portion of the differential spectrum of the iron group and nuclear fragmentation in tissue and aluminum are tested, and results are shown.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 1008-1015
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  • 81
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    Dosimetry for radiobiological studies of the human hematopoietic system (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system for estimating individual bone marrow doses in therapeutic radiation exposures of leukemia patients was studied. These measurements are used to make dose response correlations and to study the effect of dose protraction on peripheral blood cell levels. Three irradiators designed to produce a uniform field of high energy gamma radiation for total body exposures of large animals and man are also used for radiobiological studies.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 974-981
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  • 82
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    Hair radioactivity as a measure of exposure to radioisotopes (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Since many radioisotopes accumulate in hair, this tropism was investigated by comparing the radioactivity of shaved with plucked hair collected from rats at various time intervals up to 24 hrs after intravenous injection of the ecologically important radioisotopes, iodine-131, manganese-54, strontium-85, and zinc-65. The plucked hair includes the hair follicles where biochemical transformations are taking place. The data indicate a slight surge of each radioisotpe into the hair immediately after injection, a variation of content of each radionuclide in the hair, and a greater accumulation of radioactivity in plucked than in shaved hair. These results have application not only to hair as a measure of exposure to radioisotopes, but also to tissue damage and repair at the hair follicle.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 982-999
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  • 83
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    Influence of a detailed model of man on proton depth/dose calculation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a detailed radiation shielding model of man is discussed. This model will be used to plan for manned space missions in which sensitive human tissues may be subjected to excessive radiation. The model has two configurations: standing and seated. More than 2500 individual elements were used to depict the external conformation, skeleton, and principal organs. The model is briefly described and several examples of its application to mission planning are given.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 773-780
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  • 84
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    Evaluation of the hazard from exposure to electron irradiation simulating that in the synchronous orbit (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The electron spectrum predicted for the synchronous orbit was simulated to determine the effects that might occur to astroscientists exposed to such irradiation while on a prolonged space station mission in that region. Miniature pigs were exposed to monoenergetic and spectral-fractionated irradiations with 0.5 to 2.1 MeV electrons. Clinical and pathological alterations observed in biopsies were correlated with depth-dose pattern and length of post irradiation period up to one year. With monoenergetic electrons, the lowest dose causing a recognizable lesion was 1450 rad and with increasing dose lesions appeared earlier and were more severe. At the highest dose given, 2650 rad, ulceration extending into the dermis was present by twenty one days and required about four months for complete healing. Spectral-fractionated irradiations, in which the total dose range was essentially comparable to that of the monoenergetic series, resulted in very minimal outer dermis edema at 1790 rad and at no dose employed did necrosis of epidermis or ulceration into dermis occur.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 665-671
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  • 85
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    Response of mouse epidermal cells to single doses of heavy-particles (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The survival of mouse epidermal cells to heavy-particles has been studied In Vivo by the Withers clone technique. Experiments with accelerated helium, lithium and carbon ions were performed. The survival curve for the helium ion irradiations used a modified Bragg curve method with a maximum tissue penetration of 465 microns, and indicated that the dose needed to reduce the original cell number to 1 surviving cell/square centimeters was 1525 rads with a D sub o of 95 rads. The LET at the basal cell layer was 28.6 keV per micron. Preliminary experiments with lithium and carbon used treatment doses of 1250 rads with LET's at the surface of the skin of 56 and 193 keV per micron respectively. Penetration depths in skin were 350 and 530 microns for the carbon and lithium ions whose Bragg curves were unmodified. Results indicate a maximum RBE for skin of about 2 using the skin cloning technique. An attempt has been made to relate the epidermal cell survival curve to mortality of the whole animal for helium ions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 652-658
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    Relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons compared with X-rays: Prenatal mortality in the mouse (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of fission neutrons and of X-rays on the mouse zygote are discussed. Seven-week-old virgin mice were allowed a 12-hour mating opportunity beginning at 7:00 P.M. Between 1:30 and 4:00 P.M., except where indicated otherwise, the females which had mated (vaginal plug) during the night were either irradiated or sham-irradiated. At the time of irradiation the zygotes were in a pronuclear stage. Sixteen days later the mice were killed and the uteri dissected. The number of dead embryos, live embryos, and gross anomalies were determined. Dead embryos were classified as to stage of development.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 641
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  • 87
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    Effect of continuous gamma-ray exposure on performance of learned tasks and effect of subsequent fractionated exposures on blood-forming tissue (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Sixteen monkeys trained to perform continuous and discrete-avoidance and fixed-ratio tasks with visual and auditory cues were performance-tested before, during, and after 10-day gamma-ray exposures totaling 0, 500, 750, and 1000 rads. Approximately 14 months after the performance-test exposures, surviving animals were exposed to 100-rad gamma-ray fractions at 56-day intervals to observe injury and recovery patterns of blood-forming tissues. The fixed-ratio, food-reward task performance showed a transient decline in all dose groups within 24 hours of the start of gamma-ray exposure, followed by recovery to normal food-consumption levels within 48 to 72 hours. Avoidance tasks were performed successfully by all groups during the 10-day exposure, but reaction times of the two higher dose-rate groups in which animals received 3 and 4 rads per hour or total doses of 750 and 1000 rads, respectively, were somewhat slower.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 633-640
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  • 88
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    Factors modifying the response of large animals to low-intensity radiation exposure (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: In assessing the biological response to space radiation, two of the most important modifying factors are dose protraction and dose distribution to the body. Studies are reported in which sheep and swine were used to compare the hematology and lethality response resulting from radiation exposure encountered in a variety of forms, including acute (high dose-rate), chronic (low dose-rate), combinations of acute and chronic, and whether received as a continuous or as fractionated exposure. While sheep and swine are basically similar in response to acute radiation, their sensitivity to chronic irradiation is markedly different. Sheep remain relatively sensitive as the radiation exposure is protracted while swine are more resistant and capable of surviving extremely large doses of chronic irradiation. This response to chronic irradiation correlated well with changes in radiosensitivity and recovery following an acute, sublethal exposure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 622-632
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  • 89
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    Methods and approaches to dosimetry (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a dosimetric system capable of determining energy depositions in tissue regions that are smaller than a few 100 nanometers is projected. These objectives are met by evaluation of the data produced by a macro-subsystem and a micro-subsystem. Both systems are in essence multiple ionization chambers that are normally operated in a gated pulse mode. The macro-system yields absorbed radiation dose as a function of location in a phantom of the human trunk when it operates in the dose mode; it registers only those sections as a signal in which the primary particle or any of its secondaries have passed, in the pulse mode. The function of the micro-system is to provide detailed information of the track structure by determining lateral energy spread due to delta ray formation or other secondary particle production.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 435-437
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    On the use of quality factors and fluence to dose rate conversion in human radiation exposures (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: It is shown that various combinations of numbers and factors arrive at estimates of dose and dose effectiveness from values of fluence; but as yet it has not been possible to use biological data with the same degree of precision to estimate the physical data. It would seem that the most reasonable way to use the human data that exist is to apply them as far as possible to the human animal as a whole.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 424-434
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    Predicted levels of human radiation tolerance extrapolated from clinical studies of radiation effects (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of clinical studies of radiation effects on man are used to evaluate space radiation hazards encountered during manned space travel. Considered are effects of photons as well as of mixed fission neutrons and gamma irradiations in establishing body radiosensitivity and tolerance levels. Upper and lower dose-response-time relations for acute radiation syndromes in patients indicate that man is more than sufficiently radioresistant to make the risks of an early radiation effect during one short space mission intangibly small in relation to the other nonradiation risks involved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 398-415
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    A modular approach for assessing the effect of radiation environments on man in operational systems. The radiobiological vulnerability of man during task performance (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A modular approach for assessing the affects of radiation environments on man in operational systems has been developed. The feasibility of the model has been proved and the practicality has been assessed. It has been applied to one operational system to date and information obtained has been submitted to systems analysts and mission planners for the assessment of man's vulnerability and impact on systems survivability. In addition, the model has been developed so that the radiobiological data can be input to a sophisticated man-machine interface model to properly relate the radiobiological stress with other mission stresses including the effects of a degraded system.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 364-367
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    Multifactorial analysis of human blood cell responses to clinical total body irradiation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Multiple regression analysis techniques are used to study the effects of therapeutic radiation exposure, number of fractions, and time on such quantal responses as tumor control and skin injury. The potential of these methods for the analysis of human blood cell responses is demonstrated and estimates are given of the effects of total amount of exposure and time of protraction in determining the minimum white blood cell concentration observed after exposure of patients from four disease groups.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 233-237
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  • 94
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    Pulmonary-impedance power spectral analysis: A facile means of detecting radiation-induced gastrointestinal distress and performance decrement in man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Changes in respiratory variance revealed by power spectral analysis of the pulmonary impedance pneumogram can be used to detect and measure stresses directly or indirectly affecting human respiratory function. When gastrointestinal distress occurred during a series of 5 total-body exposures of 30 R at a rate of 1.5 R/min, it was accompanied by typical shifts in pulmonary impedance power spectra. These changes did not occur after protracted exposure of 250 R (30 R daily) at 1.5 R/hr that failed to cause radiation sickness. This system for quantitating respiratory effort can also be used to detect alterations in one's ability to perform under controlled exercise conditions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 238-248
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    A Review: Some biological effects of high LET radiations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: There are qualitative and quantitative differences in the biological damage observed after exposure to high LET radiation as compared to that caused by low LET radiations. This review is concerned with these differences, which are ultimately reflected at the biochemical, cellular and even whole animal levels. In general, high LET radiations seem to produce biochemical damage which is more severe and possibly less repairable. Experimental data for those effects are presented in terms of biochemical RBE's with consideration of both early and late manifestations. An LET independent process by which significant biochemical damage may result from protons, neutrons and negative pion mesons is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 223-228
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  • 96
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    High Z particle Apollo astronaut dosimetry with plastics (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: On Apollo missions, the individual astronauts' high Z particle exposure is measured by means of Lexan polycarbonate plastic. These layers form one component of the passive dosimetry packets worn in the constant wear garment. They serve as threshold type, high Z, charged particle track detectors, recording only the very highly ionizing particles. The detectors yield information on the particles' charge, energy, and direction of travel. This data, in turn, is used to obtain the track fluence, the stopping particle density as an integral Z distribution, and the particles' integral LET spectrum. Some of the data gathered on Apollo missions 8-13 is presented.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of The Natl. Symp. on Nat. and Manmade Radiation in Space; p 149-156
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  • 97
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    The evolution of lignin - Experiments and observations. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
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  • 98
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    Studies on acid production during carbohydrate metabolism by extremely halophilic bacteria. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Canadian Journal of Microbiology; 18; 12, 1; 1972
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  • 99
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    The search for indigenous lunar organic matter. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is argued that the absence of organic compounds from returned lunar samples is to be expected even for a lunar history rich in primordial organics. The sites most likely to yield lunar organic compounds have not been investigated, and there may be an area of investigation conceivably critical to problems in prebiological chemistry and the early history of the solar system awaiting continued lunar exploration, manned or unmanned.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 100
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    The effects of mercury compounds on the growth and orientation of cucumber seedlings. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Physiologia Plantanum; 26; 1972
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