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  • Other Sources  (1,081)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (510)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (500)
  • Aerodynamics
  • Animals
  • 1980-1984  (979)
  • 1955-1959  (102)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (979)
  • 1959  (102)
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  • 1980-1984  (979)
  • 1955-1959  (102)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 101
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    Comparison of satellite and in situ data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A variety of data sets were available and analyzed. The data sets discussed here are: (1) SMMR-A: The Nimbus Project data release; (2) SMMR-D: The revised SMMR version produced by Wilheit and Milman; (3) SMMR-C: The SMMR version produced by Prabhakara; (4) Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (PNOC): The individual ship reports; and (5) Reynolds Climatology. Data from SMMR and PNOC ships were compared in three different ways: (1) The difference between individual ship and SMMR observations which were close in space and time. (2) The difference between the 20 degree lat-lon one month averages for SMMR and ship, respectively. (3) The difference between the 20 degree averages and climatology, for both SMMR and ship.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temp.; 11 p
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  • 102
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    Processing system (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To implement the analysis techniques and to provide end-to-end processing, a system was designed with the following capabilities: receive and catalog data from many sources; organize the data on mass storage for rapid access; edit for reasonableness; create new data sets by sorting on parameter, averaging and merging; provide statistical analysis and display tools; and distribute data on demand. Consideration was given to developing a flexible system that could meet immediate workshop needs and respond to future requirements. System architecture and data set details implemented are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temp.; 8 p
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  • 103
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    SIR-A aids regional geology: Comparisons of SIR-A imagery with SLAR and LANDSAT over Guyana, Venezuela, Nicarargua and Mali (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) data from contrasted regions of rain forest and desert and the results of experiments in the combination of SIR-A with SLAR and with LANDSAT imagery are considered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symp.; p 56-72
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  • 104
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    Use of radar image texture in geologic mapping (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Large slope angle radar and small slope angle radar techniques are discussed. The techniques are developed to aid in the geologic interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The application presented is for heavy vegetation and where very little other data can be obtained directly from remote sensing images. To understand the relationships between image texture, topography, lithology, geomorphology, and climate improves, textural information from SAR images are used for the identification of rock types to discriminate units. An active program is to integrate textural information from radar images directly with backscatter data from the same images, and with compositional information derived from visible near infrared sensors such as LANDSAT is explored. The role of quantitative textural information in this type of multisensor analysis which promises to be significant is outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symp.; p 73-75
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  • 105
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    Mapping and monitoring renewable resources with space SAR (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The SEASAT-A SAR and SIR-A imagery was examined to evaluate the quality and type of information that can be extracted and used to monitor renewable resources on Earth. Two tasks were carried out: (1) a land cover classification study which utilized two sets of imagery acquired by the SEASAT-A SAR, one set by SIR-A, and one LANDSAT set (4 bands); and (2) a change detection to examine differences between pairs of SEASAT-A SAR images and relates them to hydrologic and/or agronomic variations in the scene.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL Spaceborne Imaging Radar Symp.; p 76-78
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  • 106
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    Comment on the article 'Estimation of sugar beet productivity from reflection in the red and infrared spectral bands' (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 4; 837
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  • 107
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    Night-time observations of snow using visible imagery (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Consideration is given to the possibility of increasing the frequency of satellite snow cover observations in the visible range by using the light reflected off the moon as an illumination source for nighttime observations. Images obtained at night by DMSP satellites orbiting in the noon-midnight plane are presented which were obtained at various phases of the moon. It is concluded that DMSP visible imagery can be used to detect snow cover during those periods when the moon is over the local horizon and is between the first quarter phase and the last quarter phase, which amounts to around five additional days a month allowing for cloud cover. The high frequency of observation of a given area provided by a light-sensitivity imager would be an important feature of a dedicated water-resources satellite.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 4; 785-791
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  • 108
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    The efficient solution of transonic wing flow fields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An evaluation of the transonic-wing-analysis computer code TWING is presented. TWING utilizes a fully implicit, approximate-factorization iteration scheme to solve the full-potential equation in conservative form. A numerical elliptic-solver grid-generation scheme is used to generate the required finite-difference mesh. Several wing configurations have been analyzed, and comparisons of computed results have been made with available experimental data. Results indicate that the code is robust, accurate (when significant viscous effects are not present), and efficient. TWING generally produces solutions an order of magnitude faster than other conservative, full-potential codes using successive-line overrelaxation. The present method is applicable to a wide range of isolated wing configurations, including high-aspect-ratio transport wings and low-aspect-ratio, high-sweep, fighter configurations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 109
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    Transonic small disturbance calculations including entropy corrections (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Murman's fully conservative mixed type finite-difference operators are first modified. A special sonic point operator with an iterative damping term is introduced which helps the convergence and does not affect the spatial conservative differences. Reliable calculations with second order supersonic schemes are obtained using two sonic operators, the regular sonic point operator followed by a first order supersonic scheme. Also, shock point operator is shown to be equivalent to fitting a locally normal shock terminating the supersonic region. The potential calculations are then modified to account for the non-isentropic jump conditions using a simple shock fitting procedure based on Prandtl relation. The entropy increase across the shock is calculated in terms of the Mach number upstream of the shock and the effect of the generated vorticity is estimated via Crocco relation. Different examples are calculated and extensions to the full potential equation are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 110
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    Numerical simulation of turbulent trailing edge flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Numerical simulations of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations, employing a two-equation turbulence model, are presented and compared with measurements from a series of trailing edge experiments at transonic Mach numbers. The test flows include an asymmetric flow with no separation, an asymmetric flow with a small region of separation and a symmetric flow with a large shock-wave induced separated zone. Comparisons are made for mean surface quantities as well as for mean and fluctuating flow-field quantities. For the trailing-edge flows with little or no separation, the solutions correctly predict all the major features of the flow field. Treatment of the viscous-inviscid interaction was found to be important for predicting these test cases. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models were found to be adequate for these flows. However, for the shock-wave induced separation case, these turbulence models were inadequate to predict this flow field. Modifications of the turbulence model to correct these deficiencies are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 111
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    Feasibility of airborne detection of laser-induced fluorescence emissions from green terrestrial plants (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present investigation provides a demonstration of the feasibility of the airborne detection of the laser-induced fluorescence spectral emissions from living terrestrial grasses, shrubs, and trees using existing levels of lidar technology. Airborne studies were performed to ascertain system requirements necessary to detect laser-induced fluorescence from living terrestrial plants, to assess the practical acquisition of useful single-shot laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) waveforms over vegetative canopies, and to determine the comparative suitability of laser system, airborne platform, and terrestrial environmental parameters. The field experiment was conducted on May 3, 1982, over the northern portion of Wallops Island, VA. Attention is given to airborne lidar results and the description of laboratory investigations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 22; Oct. 1
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  • 112
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    Preliminary supersonic analysis methods including high angle of attack (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31925
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 113
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    Point spread functions in imaging a Lambert surface from zenith through a thin scattering layer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Analytical techniques for good spatial resolution in remotely sensed images of renewable resources, such as crops, are discussed for satellite multispectral radiometry. A model is developed for an optically and geometrically thin scattering layer to account for atmospheric scattering above the object pixel of fluxes reflected from adjacent areas. The cross radiance is explored as a spread function of a point source and as a spurious component of measured radiance, and an integration over large source areas is formulated. The Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function is defined for an integral over a sphere and point-spread functions are presented for HG scattering. Cross radiance limited spatial resolution is also determined for the HG phase function and boundaries between reflecting and black half-planes are considered in terms of the cross radiance.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 4; July-Sep
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  • 114
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    Design of supercritical cascades with high solidity (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31931
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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  • 115
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    Prediction of separated asymmetric trailing-edge flows at transonic Mach numbers (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2348, Accession no. A82-31974)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 116
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    A finite-volume, adaptive grid algorithm applied to planetary entry flowfields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2347, Accession no. A82-31971
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 117
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    Sensor data for forest policy information (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: NASA-Ames Research Center has investigated the role and performance capabilities of the Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) for forest policy analysis for the past four years in cooperation with the California Department of Forestry. A thorough series of studies, from a statewide land cover map to smaller, highly detailed studies including collateral data, have been conducted with a view to comprehensive forest policy needs. The strengths and limitations of MSS data have been evaluated. Some observations about the information needed from new satellite sensors such as the Thematic Mapper are discussed against this background.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 118
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    Enhanced crop discrimination using the mid-IR (1.55-1.75 microns) (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Improvements in crop discrimination can be realized by using mid-IR bands (1.55 -1.75 and 2.08 -2.35 microns) which are sensitive to canopy moisture content. Analyses of data from two growing seasons in Webster County, Iowa clearly indicate that corn and soybeans are highly separable in the mid-IR from early season through harvest. This contrasts sharply with visible and near-IR bands where corn and soybeans are confused throughout much of the growing season. The mid-IR temporal reflectance behavior appears to result from differences between C4 monocot and C3 dicot internal leaf structure. If this hypothesis holds, mid-IR observations should improve discrimination in other instances where similar differences in internal leaf structure are present.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 119
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    A prospectus on airborne laser mapping systems (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Airborne laser systems have demonstrated enormous potential for topographic and bathymetric mapping. Both profiling and scanning systems have been evaluated for terrain elevation mapping, stream valley cross-section determination, and nearshore bottom profiling. Performance of the laser systems has been impressive and for some applications matches current operational accuracy requirements. Determining the position of individual laser measurements remains a constraint for most applications. Laser technology constrains some terrain and bathymetric applications, particularly for water penetration and frequency of measurements for high-spatial resolution over large areas.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 120
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    Remote-sensing technology applied to forest assessment in California (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Remote-sensing technology has been thoroughly evaluated for the analysis of California forest policy. A statewide, 1.6-acre-resolution, digital land-cover data base of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) classification has been produced. Three major resource regions have been analyzed in detail and one of them geographically integrated with 12 other physical and socioeconomic data layers to model fire and reforestation problems, using a geographic information system (GIS). A study of GIS design criteria has been conducted and the California Department of Forestry, the cooperator in all of these studies, is presently evaluating the alternatives and implementing certain aspects of them.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 121
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    Preliminary analysis of Shuttle multispectral radiometer data for southern Egypt (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) is a spectroradiometer covering the region from 0.5 to 2.5 microns in 10 channels that acquired data from spots 100 m in diameter along the subspacecraft ground track. It was flown aboard the second flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, November 12-14, 1981. Data collected during orbit 16 over southern Egypt show that carbonate rocks, kaolinite, and possibly montmorillonite can be identified by their SMIRR spectral signatures and limited knowledge of the lithologic units present. Detailed analysis of SMIRR data for this area indicates that calcite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite rocks give rise to absorption features that result in characteristic 10 channel spectra.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 122
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    Turbulence modeling for computational aerodynamics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 965, Accession no. A82-19783
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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  • 123
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    Spectral characterization of the Landsat-4 MSS sensors (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Two multispectral scanner subsystems (MSS) have been fabricated and tested by an American aerospace company for the NASA Landsat program. One MSS, designated the protoflight (PF) model, was integrated into the Landsat-4 spacecraft, which was launched on July 16, 1982. The second, designated the flight (F) model, has been integrated into the Landsat-4 backup satellite, which is scheduled for possible launch in 1985. Each MSS has four bands in the reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The engineering test data which were collected included channel-by-channel spectral response curves. A description of the test procedure is included in Appendix A. This document is to make available to the Landsat user community data on the spectral characteristics of the two sensors. The Landsat-4 PF and F scanners were found to be essentially identical in mean spectral response.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0099-1112); 49; June 198
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  • 124
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    Leaf water stress detection utilizing thematic mapper bands 3, 4 and 5 in soybean plants (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The total and diffuse radiance responses of Thematic Mapper bands 3 (0.63-0.69 microns), 4 (0.76-0.90 microns), and 5 (1.55-1.75 microns) to water stress in a soybean canopy are compared. Polarization measurements were used to separate the total from the diffuse reflectance; the reflectances were compared statistically at a variety of look angles at 15 min intervals from about 09.00 until 14.00 hrs EST. The results suggest that remotely sensed data collected in the photographic infrared region (TM4) are sensitive to leaf water stress in a 100 percent canopy cover of soybeans, and that TM3 is less sensitive than TM4 for detection of reversible foliar water stress. The mean values of TM5 reflectance data show similar trends to TM4. The primary implication of this study is that remote sensing of water stress in green plant canopies is possible in TM4 from ground-based observations primarily through the indirect link of leaf geometry.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 4; Apr
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  • 125
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    Numerical solution of transonic wing flowfields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 796, Accession no. A82-17785
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 126
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    An empirical method for computing leeside centerline heating on the Space Shuttle Orbiter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2880, Accession no. A81-39057
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 127
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    Dynamics of directional reflectance factor distributions for vegetation canopies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Directional reflectance factors that span the entire exitance hemisphere are collected on the ground for a variety of homogeneous vegetation canopies and bare soils. NOAA 6/7 AVHRR bands 1 (0.58-0.68 micron) and 2 (0.73-1.1 microns) are used. When possible, geometric measurements of leaf orientation distributions are taken simultaneously with each spectral measurement. Other supporting structural and optical measurements are made. These data sets are taken at various times of the day for each cover type. These unique sets, together with pertinent data in the literature, are used to investigate the dynamics of the directional reflectance factor distribution as a function of the geometric structure of the scene, solar zenith angle, and optical properties of the scene components (leaves and soil). For complete homogeneous vegetation canopies, the principal trend observed at all sun angles and spectral bands is a minimum reflectance near nadir and increasing reflectance with increasing off-nadir view angle for all azimuth directions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 22; May 1
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  • 128
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    Laboratory system for demonstrating spacecraft processing of multispectral image data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The various elements of the Information Adaptive System (IAS) program are discussed along with the design features, approaches, and algorithms employed within the system. This program was initiated by NASA in order to develop an adaptable data processing system which will accommodate high speed multispectral image data in the real-time spacecraft environment. The development of this system is examined, including the test and support equipment required to evaluate and demonstrate the operational performance of the system in terms of the applicability of the design to high speed onboard processing. In addition to a high throughput rate capability, this system will be flexible, programmable, and capable of adapting its operation to external commands and characteristics of the data stream.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Optical Engineering (ISSN 0091-3286); 22; Mar
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  • 129
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    Influence of leading-edge thrust on twisted and cambered wing design for suersonic cruise (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 20, p. 3457, Accession no. 81-43146
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 130
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    Analysis of coregistered Landsat, Seasat and SIR-A images of varied terrain types (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Multisensor image data (SIR-A, Seasat SAR and Landsat MSS) over areas in nothern Algeria and eastern Utah have been coregistered in order to assess the complementary effects of the orbital sensors for geologic mapping in two very different terrains. This first attempt at registering such a data set shows that the radar backscatter information provided by the SIR-A image increases the classification accuracy of several geologic units over the Landsat image alone, and over combined Landsat and Seasat images.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; April 19
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  • 131
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    Hypersonic slender-wedge analysis with gradual change in angle of attack (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The behavior of a narrow cross-section wedge wing moving at a high Mach number and subjected to an angle of attack changing exponentially with time is investigated. This type of wedge wing is commonly employed as a lifting surface in hypersonic vehicles. The time history of wall shear, heat transfer, displacement thickness, and viscous induced pressure are determined. Results show that for the same change in angle of attack, the flow attains the final steady state much faster when the change is exponential than when the change is made impulsively. In addition, the unsteady character of the flow is primarily confined to the initial stages of the change in the angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acta Mechanica; 47; 1-2,; 1983
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  • 132
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    Store separation from cavities at supersonic flight speeds (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 08, p. 1181, Accession no. A82-22096)
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  • 133
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    Oil flow separation patterns on an ogive forebody (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-10011)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 134
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    Supercritical airfoil boundary-layer and near-wake measurements (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 22, p. 3806, Accession no. A81-45890)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 135
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    Multifrequency measurements of the effects of soil moisture, soil texture, and surface roughness (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An experiment on remote sensing of soil moisture content was conducted over bare fields with microwave radiometers at the frequencies of 1.4, 5, and 10.7 GHz, during July-September of 1981. Three bare fields with different surface roughnesses and soil textures were prepared for the experiment. The experimental results show that the effect of surface roughness is to increase the soil's brightness temperature and to reduce the slope of regression between brightness temperature and moisture content. The slopes of regression for soils with different textures are found to be comparable and the effect of soil texture is reflected in the difference of regression line intercepts at brightness-temperature axis. Measurements on wet smooth bare fields give lower brightness temperatures at 5 than at 1.4 GHz. This phenomenon is not expected from current radiative transfer theory, using laboratory measurements of the relationship between permittivity and moisture content for different soil-water mixtures at frequencies of not greater than 5 GHz.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; GE-21; Jan. 198
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  • 136
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    Transonic airfoil calculations using solution-adaptive grids (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 16, p. 2685, Accession no. A81-37539)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 137
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    Remanent magnetization model for the broken ridge satellite magnetic anomaly (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A crustal model for the interpretation of the Broken Ridge satellite magnetic anomaly was constructed from bathymetric data assuming an Airy-type isostatic compensation. An average crustal magnetization of 6 A.m is required to account for the observed anomaly amplitudes provided that the whole crust is homogeneously magnetized. In contrast, a model representing only the topographic expression of the Broken Ridge, above the surrounding sea floor, requires a magnetization of the order of 40 A.m-1. Since this latter figure is much higher than is to be expected from studies of magnetic properties of oceanic rocks, it is concluded that the majority of the crustal volume of Broken Ridge is magnetized relatively uniformly. The direction of the source magnetization is consistent with an inclination shallower than the present geomagnetic field and close to that of an axial dipole. Since a more northerly source location for Broken Ridge is contrary to the paleolatitude data it is though that the magnetization represents a magnetization obtained by averaging the geomagnetic field direction over a sufficient time to remove secular variation effects. This pattern is indicative of viscous magnetization.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Macquarie Univ. MAGSAT Anomaly Field Data of the Crustal Properties of Australia; 22 p
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  • 138
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    Spatial inventory integrating raster databases and point sample data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A timber inventory of the Eldorado National Forest, located in east-central California, provides an example of the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to stratify large areas of land for sampling and the collection of statistical data. The raster-based GIS format of the VICAR/IBIS software system allows simple and rapid tabulation of areas, and facilitates the selection of random locations for ground sampling. Algorithms that simplify the complex spatial pattern of raster-based information, and convert raster format data to strings of coordinate vectors, provide a link to conventional vector-based geographic information systems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 139
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    The application of remote sensing in geobotanical exploration for metal sulfides (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A field study was conducted in Mineral, VA in 1980-82 to test the suitability of remote sensing techniques for geobotanical exploration. It was found that on trees growing over lead sulfide deposits, buds opened later and leaves were smaller than on trees growing on soils with background levels of lead and copper. This difference in leaf growth could be detected in remotely sensed data. In the spring, the smaller leaf size of metal-stressed trees resulted in a greater contribution from the soil and bark to the total reflectance imaged by the sensor. In the fall, the leaves of metal-stressed oaks sensed earlier than surrounding vegetation, which was also detected in remotely sensed data. It is concluded that vegetation growing on lead sulfide deposits has a shorter growing season than surrounding vegetation on unmineralized soil and that remotely sensed data collected at either end of the growing season can be used to locate geobotanical anomalies associated with these deposits.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 140
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    Remote sensing techniques used in hydrocarbon exploration - A state-of-the-art review (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Lintz (1972) has defined remote sensing for petroleum exploration as the detection from a distance of variations of the earth's surface or properties. Possibilities foreseen by Lintz could be realized with the Lander satellite. When used in 'phase-one' exploration programs, Landsat data have been effective in 'zeroing-in' on potential hydrocarbon traps, and later, when supplemented by more conventional exploration procedures, have led to the discovery of these resources. The present investigation is concerned with an overview of the methods utilized in 'phase-one' hydrocarbon exploration programs. The considered methods are to serve as an initial tool to aid the more conventional exploration procedures. Attention is given to visual interpretations, digital image processing, lineament analysis, surface anomalies, and geomorphology and topography.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 141
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    Thermal inertia mapping - A promising new tool for mineral exploration (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) is a NASA-sponsored program designed to acquire day visible and day and night thermal IR imagery from a satellite launched on April 26, 1978 into a near polar orbit at 620 km altitude. The data are used to produce temperature difference (12 or 36 hour interval) and apparent thermal inertia (ATI) images or numerical data sets for selected areas within much of North America, Europe, North Africa, and Australia. These data are being applied to rock type discrimination, soil moisture detection, assessment of vegetation states, thermal current monitoring in water bodies, urban heat island analysis and other multidisciplinary studies. Key geological results include (1) groups of dissimilar rock materials and some individual rock types can be separated and sometimes identified by their satellite-determined thermal inertias (dependent on their albedos, densities, and conductivities), (2) large lineaments (including some faults) are often recognized by their thermal signatures (may relate to moisture content and/or reduced bulk density), and (3) visually striking expressions of geomorphic units (types) at a regional scale are especially enhanced in the night IR imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 142
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    Remote sensing of oceanographic parameters pertinent to hydrocarbon resource development (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Information obtained from remotely sensed imagery which is potentially useful to hydrocarbon resource development is discussed in this paper. Oceanic phenomena presented include surface gravity waves, detection of bathymetric features, and deep ocean internal waves. Techniques used to extract data are presented along with pertinent examples.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 143
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    A method for solving the transonic full-potential equation for general configurations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 383-406
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  • 144
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    Elliptic grid generation for multi-element airfoils (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 337-34
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  • 145
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    Precedency control and other semantic integrity issues in a workbench database (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Most database systems model the current state of a system of real world discrete and simple entities together with their relationships. By examining instead a database system that is a workbench and models more complicated entities, a fresh perspective is gained. Specifically, semantic integrity is analysed. Four aspects distinct from physical integrity are identified, namely - access, failure, concurrency and precedency. Access control is shown to be the consequence of semantic interdependency between data and its matching semantic routines. Failure, concurrency precedency controls are concerned with preventing processes interfering with each other. Precedency is a new concept in the database context. It expresses a constraint between processes that act on the database. As processes create, update and delete entities they in general obey a partial ordering imposed by the semantics of their actions. Precedency control ensures that data remains consistent with respect to this partial order.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: MAGSAT Anomaly Field Data of the Crustal Properties of Australia; 8 p
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  • 146
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    An investigation of the crustal properties of Australia and surrounding regions derived from interpretation of MAGSAT anomaly field data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The 2 deg averaged data set was analyzed and filtered to produce a magnetic anomaly map of the Australian continental region. The map was overlain on a tectonic map of Australia and correlations were made. A data set was selected that is dominated by relatively low elevation profiles with small changes of elevation within the Australian area in an effort to maximize the crustal anomaly field signal and reduce the effect of variation in satellite elevation. Support systems, both hardware and software are described and best-worst case errors encountered during processing of MAGSAT investigator tapes are summarized. The Broken Ridge anomaly was studied for model development purposes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: MAGSAT Anomaly Field Data of the Crustal Propeties of Australia; 40 p
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  • 147
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    GADB: A database facility for modelling naturally occurring geophysical fields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In certain kinds of geophysical surveys, the fields are continua, but measured at discrete points referenced by their position or time of measurement. Systems of this kind are better modelled by databases built from basic data structures attuned to representing traverses across continua that are not of pre-defined fixed length. The general Array DataBase is built on arrays (ordered sequencies of data) with each array holding data elements of one type. The arrays each occupy their own physical data set, in turn inter-related by a hierarchy to other arrays over the same space/time reference points. The GADB illustrates the principle that a data facility should reflect the fundamental properties of its data, and support retrieval based on the application's view. The GADB is being tested by its use in NASA's project MAGSAT.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: MAGSAT Anomaly Field Data of the Crustal Properties of Australia; 12 p
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  • 148
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    The ARGOS system used for tracking gray whales (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The development of satellite whale tags used to track gray whales in the eastern north Pacific Ocean is summarized. Two gray whales were radio-tagged in San Ignacio Lagoon (Mexico) and tracked on their northbound migration. One of the transmitters was modified to record and relay depth-of-dive information at 15 sec intervals throughout the course of the dive. Technical elements of data acquisition and analysis are outlined. The major biological findings are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: CNES Data Collection and Platform Location by Satellite: ARGOS Users' Conf.; 56 p
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  • 149
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    Development of a statewide Landsat digital data base for forest insect damage assessment (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A Joint Research Project (JRP) invlving NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry/Division of Forest Pest Management demonstrates the utility of Landsat data for assessing forest insect damage. A major effort within the project has been the creation of map-registered, statewide Landsat digital data base for Pennsylvania. The data base, developed and stored on computers at the Pennsylvania State University Computation Center, contains Landsat imagery, a Landsat-derived forest resource map, and digitized data layers depicting Forest Pest Management District boundaries and county boundaries. A data management front-end system was also developed to provide an interface between the various layers of information within the data base and image analysis software. This front-end system insures than an automated assessment of defoliation damage can be conducted and summarized by geographic area or jurisdiction of interest.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 150
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    Development of aerodynamic uncertainties for the Space Shuttle Orbiter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 10, p. 1539, Accession no. A82-24653
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 20; 513-517
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  • 151
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    Orbiter entry leeside heat-transfer data analysis (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 586, Accession no. A83-16745
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 20; 524-530
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  • 152
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    Relationships between mineralization and silicic volcanism in the Central Andes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (ISSN 0377-0273); 18; 165-190
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  • 153
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    Augmentation of fighter-aircraft performance by spanwise blowing over the wing leading edge (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Spanwise blowing over the wing and canard of a 1:35 model of a close-coupled-canard fighter-airplane configuration (similar to the Kfir-C2) was investigated experimentally in low-speed flow. Tests were conducted at airspeeds of 30 m/sec (Reynolds number of 1.8 x 10 to the 5th power based on mean aerodynamic chord) with angle-of-attack sweeps from -8 deg to 60 deg, and yaw-angle sweeps from -8 deg to 36 deg at fixed angles of attack 0 deg, 10 deg, 20 deg, 25 deg, 30 deg, and 35 deg. Significant improvement in lift-curve slope, maximum lift, drag polar and lateral/directional stability was found, enlarging the flight envelope beyond its previous low-speed/maximum-lift limit. In spite of the highly swept (60 deg) leading edge, the efficiency of the lift augmentation by blowing was relatively high and was found to increase with increasing blowing momentum on the close-coupled-canard configuration. Interesting possibilities of obtaining much higher efficiencies with swirling jets were indicated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 26 p
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  • 154
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    Recent studies at NASA-Langley of vortical flows interacting with neighboring surfaces (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The importance of leading edge vortical flows, which occur near and interact with neighboring surfaces, is stressed. Research in this area conducted or sponsored by the NASA Langley Research Center since 1978 is surveyed. Particular attention is given to the cumulative results of a number of theoretical and experimental studies. It is noted that these studies have been carried out in order to understand and use this kind of flow. Much of the work has been devoted to improving the lift-to-drag ratio and pitch characteristics for wings in this flow, although work has also been done on examining the unsteady and lateral characteristics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 32 p
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  • 155
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    Transonic Airfoil Development (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: This lecture consists of three parts, in which discussions are presented of the current state of development of transonic or supercritical airfoils designed for fully turbulent boundary layers on the surfaces, previous research on subcritical airfoils designed to achieve laminar boundary layers on all or parts of the surfaces, and current research on supercritical airfoils designed to achieve laminar boundary layers. In the first part the use of available two dimensional computer codes in the development of supercritical airfoils and the general trends in the design of such airfoils with turbulent boundary layers are discussed. The second part provides the necessary background on laminar boundary layer phenomena. The last part, which constitutes the major portion of the lecture, covers research by NASA on supercritical airfoils utilizing both decreasing pressure gradients and surface suction for stabilizing the laminar boundary layer. An investigation of the former has been recently conducted in fight using gloves on the wing panels of the U.S. Air Force F111 TACT airplane, research on the later is currently being conducted in a transonic wind tunnel which has been modified to greatly reduce the stream turbulence and noise levels in the tests section.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Spec. Course on Subsonic(Transonic Aerodyn. Interference for Aircraft; 9 p
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  • 156
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    Numerical predictions of residence times behind a rearward facing step with transverse injection (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A numerical investigation of the two-dimensional recirculation zone formed between a rear-ward facing step and a transverse hydrogen jet in a supersonic flow is presented. Calculations were made using an elliptic flow computer code with a time-relaxation finite difference integration algorithm. Cases were examined for jet static pressures between 2 and 5 times mainstream with jets located 3 to 7 step heights downstream of the step. Nominal mainstream flow conditions were Mach 2.4 air at 1 atm pressure and 1000K (1800R) static temperature. Results in the form of mean properties in the recirculation zone and residence time are presented. Calculations of the decay of hydrogen mass from the steady state are presented for selected cases. The combustion potential for each case is assessed by comparison of computed conditions in the recirculation zone with the results from a well-stirred reactor theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: APL The 20th JANNAF Combust. Meeting, Vol. 1; p 635-652
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  • 157
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    Numerical simulation of vortex breakdown by the vortex-filament method (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The vortex-filament method was applied to the simulation of vortex breakdown. The principal vortex region was represented by multiple filaments, and an axial velocity component was induced by a spiral winding of the filaments. An accuracy check was performed for a cylindrical swirling flow with simple analytical expressions for the axial and theta velocities. The result suggests that the flow field can be simulated to any accuracy by increasing the number of filaments. An axisymmetric-type vortex breakdown was simulated, with experimental data serving as upstream conditions. The calculated axial- and theta-velocity contours show the breakdown of the vortex, including a rapid change in the vortex core, followed axially by a recovery zone and then a second breakdown. When three dimensional initial data are used the second breakdown appears to be of the spiral type in correspondence with experimental observations. The present method can easily be used to simulate other types of vortex breakdown or other vortex flows with axial velocity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 13 p
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  • 158
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    The treatment of convected vortices in compressible potential flow (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A method is described for incorporating line vortices into the three dimensional compressible potential flow equation. A modified Biot-Savart law is used to compute a vortical velocity field, which is added to the gradient of the potential to form a total velocity. A rapidly converging approximate factorization (AFZ) scheme is then used to compute a potential such that the modified potential flow equation as well as the appropriate boundary conditions, based on total velocity, are satisfied. As part of a coupled iteration procedure, the positions of the line vortices are computed so that they convect with the total flow. The method is used to compute the field due to a single line vortex convecting past a wing. This represents an approximation of the effect of a canard or other lifting surface ahead of the wing, which sheds a tip vortex. It is seen that the flow field is substantially modified by the passage of the vortex. Unlike Euler equation schemes, which are also used to compute these flows, the solutions exhibit no numerical diffusion: The convected vortices retain their initial upstream width. Euler solutions, on the other hand, involve a vorticity which is numerically convected in an Eulerian frame and, unless extensive adaptive grid refinement is used they result in vortices with spread as they convect. Also, the potential flow method requires approximately two orders of magnitude less computing time and much less computer storage than the Euler methods.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 12 p
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  • 159
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    On issues concerning flow separation and vortical flows in three dimensions (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Vortical flows in three dimensional configurations that are of typical interest to aerodynamicists and researchers in fluid mechanics are reviewed. A list of 10 issues was compiled to understanding complex vortical flows.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 31 p
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  • 160
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    International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, West Germany, June 1-4, 1982, Proceedings (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: The present conference on geoscience and remote sensing considers the multispectral remote sensing of saline seeps, the augmentation of LANDSAT MSS data with topographic data, thematic mapping, the sampling problem in radiation budget studies, aerial conductivity measurements over geothermal areas, a comparison of multifrequency band radars for crop classification, the improved estimation of vegetation-covered soil by combined active/passive microwave remote sensing, and atmospheric water vapor profiling by ground-based radiometry. Also discussed are SAR imaging from an inclined geosynchronous orbit, the classification of agricultural crops in radar images, the Ocean Color Experiment on the second orbital flight test of the Space Shuttle, the dielectric properties of wet materials, remote sensing systems for the mm-wave region, and the simulation of spaceborne stereo radar imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0196-2892)
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  • 161
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    Field measurements research in remote sensing (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Ann. Res. Sum., 1 Jul. 1982 - 30 Jun. 1983; p 26-27
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  • 162
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    Numerical predictions of residence times behind a rearward facing step with transverse injection (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: A numerical investigation of the two-dimensional recirculation zone formed between a rearward facing step and a transverse hydrogen jet in a supersonic flow is presented. Calculations were made using an elliptic flow computer code with a time-relaxation finite difference integration algorithm. Cases were examined for jet static pressures between 2 and 5 times mainstream with jets located 3 to 7 step heights downstream of the step. Nominal mainstream flow conditions were Mach 2.4 air at 1 atm pressure and 1000 K (1800 R) static temperature. Results in the form of mean properties in the recirculation zone and residence time are presented. Calculations of the decay of hydrogen mass from the steady state are presented for selected cases. The combustion potential for each case is assessed by comparison of computed conditions in the recirculation zone with the results from a well-stirred reactor theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 163
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    Airborne reconnaissance in the civilian sector - Agricultural monitoring from high-altitude powered platforms (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Design concepts and mission applications for unmanned high-altitude powered platforms (HAPPs) are discussed. A chemically powered HAPP (operating altitude 18-21 km, wingspan 26 m, payload 91 kg, endurance 2-3 days) would use current turboprop technology. A microwave-powered HAPP (operating altitude around 21 km, wingspan 57.9 m, payload 500 kg, endurance weeks or months) would circle within or perform boost-glide maneuvers around a microwave beam of density 1.1 kw/sq m. Of two solar-powered-HAPP designs presented, the more promising uses five vertical solar-panel-bearing fins, two of which can be made horizontal at night, (wingspan 57.8/98.3 m, payload 113 kg, endurance weeks or months). The operating altitude depends on the latitude and season: this HAPP design is shown to be capable of year-round 20-km-altitude flights over the San Joaquin Valley in California, where an agricultural-monitoring mission using Landsat-like remote sensors is proposed. Other applications may be better served by the characteristics of the other HAPPs. The primary advantage of HAPPs over satellites is found to be their ability to provide rapidly available high-resolution continuous or repetitive coverage of specific areas at relatively low cost.
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  • 164
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    Research on non-planar wall geometries for turbulence control and skin-friction reduction (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Eight turbulence-control/drag-reduction concepts under study at NASA Langley Research Center are discussed. These concepts include: slot injection, ion wind, large-eddy breakup devices, riblets, relaminarization, convex curvature, passive porous walls, and rigid wavy walls. Of these concepts, passive porous walls and small wavelength wavy walls are found to increase drag. Riblets, slot injection, and large-eddy breakup devices reduce net turbulent drag, at least for some conditions. The ion wind, relaminarization, and convex curvature studies are still in the early stages and require further work to evaluate their applicability for drag reduction.
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    Design Guide for Pitch-Up Evaluation and Investigation at High Subsonic Speeds of Possible Limitations Due to Wing-Aspect-Ratio Variations (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: A design guide is suggested as a basis for indicating combinations of airplane design variables for which the possibilities of pitch-up are minimized for tail-behind-wing and tailless airplane configurations. The guide specifies wing plan forms that would be expected to show increased tail-off stability with increasing lift and plan forms that show decreased tail-off stability with increasing lift. Boundaries indicating tail-behind-wing positions that should be considered along with given tail-off characteristics also are suggested. An investigation of one possible limitation of the guide with respect to the effects of wing-aspect-ratio variations on the contribution to stability of a high tail has been made in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel through a Mach number range from 0.60 to 0.92. The measured pitching-moment characteristics were found to be consistent with those of the design guide through the lift range for aspect ratios from 3.0 to 2.0. However, a configuration with an aspect ratio of 1.55 failed t o provide the predicted pitch-up warning characterized by sharply increasing stability at the high lifts following the initial stall before pitching up. Thus, it appears that the design guide presented herein might not be applicable when the wing aspect ratios lower than about 2.0.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-TM-X-26
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  • 166
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    A wind-tunnel investigation of the carry loads and mutual interference effects of 1/40-scale models of the x-15 and b-52 airplanes in com- bination (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Wind tunnel data of X-15 and B-52 aircraft models carry loads and mutual interference
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-184
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  • 167
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    The Wind-induced Loads on a Dynamically Scaled Model of a Large Missile in Launching Position (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Wind tunnel tests - effect of wind induced loads on dynamically scaled model of large missile in launching position
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-109
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 168
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    High-subsonic-speed investigation of the static longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of several delta-wing configurations for angles of attack from 0 deg to 90 deg (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: High subsonic speed of static longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of delta wing configuration for angle of attack from 0 deg to 90 deg
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-168
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  • 169
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    Stability and control characteristics at a mach number of 2.01 of a variable-wing-sweep configuration with outboard wing panels swept back 75 deg (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Stability and control of variable sweep wing configuration with outboard wing panels swept back 75 degrees at Mach 2.01
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-32
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  • 170
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    Experimental investigation of a mach 5 isentropic spike inlet at and below design speed (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Zero angle of attack performance of isentropic spike inlet designed for maximum external compression at hypersonic speed
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-4
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  • 171
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    Geometric and structural properties of a rectangular supercritical wing oscillated in pitch for measurement of unsteady transonic pressure distributions (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Wind-tunnel tests to measure unsteady aerodynamic data in the transonic region have been completed on an aspect ratio 2.0 rectangular wing with a supercritical airfoil. The geometric and structural properties of the wing are presented. (Other references contain the measured aerodynamic data.) Both measured and design airfoil coordinates are presented and compared. In addition, measured wing bending and torsional stiffness distributions and some trailing-edge flexibility influence coefficients are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-85673 , NAS 1.15:85673
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  • 172
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    Determination of the utility of remote sensing data for land use/cover analysis in the lower Appalachia region: Assessing the utility of remote sensing data for archeological site recognition (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) data were gathered by NASA/ERL over a portion of the lower Ohio River and the middle Mississippi River valleys on April 11, 1982. CIR imagery accompanied the 10 and 30 meter resolution TMS data sets. This area is somewhat unique archeologically as there exists a concentration of sites with major features such as mounds, earthworks, and villages. It was the primary purpose of this study to determine the utility of TMS data in identifying signatures which are distinctly archeological. TMS data were processed using the NASA/ERL software package ELAS. No signatures that were distinctly archeological were detected, due in large part to the complexity of the land cover and land use practices. However, as more sophisticated classification techniques were employed, the classes which were related to archeological features were narrowed. TMS data could certainly be of assistance to a trained archeologist/interpreter in narrowing an area which has to be field-surveyed as anomalous features can be recognized within a particular environmental context.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E86-10021 , NASA-CR-176435 , NAS 1.26:176435
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  • 173
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    An Investigation of Some Aspects of the Sonic Boom by Means of Wind-Tunnel Measurements of Pressures About Several Bodies at a Mach Number of 2.01 (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation of some aspects of the sonic boom has been made with the aid of wind-tunnel measurements of the pressure distributions about bodies of various shapes. The tests were made in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at a Mach number of 2.01 and at a Reynolds number per foot of 2.5 x 10(exp 6). Measurements of the pressure field were made at orifices in the surface of a boundary-layer bypass plate. The models which represented both fuselage and wing types of thickness distributions were small enough to allow measurements as far away as 8 body lengths or 64 chords. The results are compared with estimates made using existing theory. To the first order, the boom-producing pressure rise across the bow shock is dependent on the longitudinal development of body area and not on local details. Nonaxisymmetrical shapes may be replaced by equivalent bodies of revolution to obtain satisfactory theoretical estimates of the far-field pressures.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-161
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  • 174
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    Ground Measurements of the Shock-Wave Noise from Airplanes in Level Flight at Mach Numbers to 1.4 and at Altitudes to 45000 Feet (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Time histories of noise pressures near ground level were measured during flight tests of fighter-type airplanes over fairly flat, partly wooded terrain in the e Mach number range between 1.13 and 1.4 and at altitudes from 25,000 to 45,000 feet. Atmospheric soundings and radar tracking studies were made for correlation with the measured noise data. The measured and calculated values of the pressure rise across the shock wave were generally in good agreement. There is a tendency for the theory to overestimate the pressure at locations remote from the track and to underestimate the pressures for conditions of high tailwind at altitude. The measured values of ground-reflection factor averaged about 1.8 f or the surface tested as compared to a theoretical value of 2.0. P o booms were measured in all cases. The observers also generally reported two booms; although, in some cases, only one boom was reported. The shock-wave noise associated with some of the flight tests was judged to be objectionable by ground observers, and in one case the cracking of a plate-glass store window was correlated in time with the passage of the airplane at an altitude of 25,000 feet.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-48
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  • 175
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    Commercialization of the land remote sensing system: An examination of mechanisms and issues (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In September 1982 the Secretary of Commerce was authorized (by Title II of H.R. 5890 of the 97th Congress) to plan and provide for the management and operation of the civil land remote sensing satellite systems, to provide for user fees, and to plan for the transfer of the ownership and operation of future civil operational land remote sensing satellite systems to the private sector. As part of the planning for transfer, a number of approaches were to be compared including wholly private ownership and operation of the system by an entity competitively selected, mixed government/private ownership and operation, and a legislatively-chartered privately-owned corporation. The results of an analysis and comparison of a limited number of financial and organizational approaches for either transfer of the ownership and operation of the civil operational land remote sensing program to the private sector or government retention are presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E86-10008 , NASA-CR-176337 , NAS 1.26:176337 , ECON-82-175
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  • 176
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    FLEXWAL: A computer program for predicting the wall modifications for two-dimensional, solid, adaptive-wall tunnels (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A program called FLEXWAL for calculating wall modifications for solid, adaptive-wall wind tunnels is presented. The method used is the iterative technique of NASA TP-2081 and is applicable to subsonic and transonic test conditions. The program usage, program listing, and a sample case are given.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-84648 , NAS 1.15:84648
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  • 177
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    Interactive calculation procedures for mixed compression inlets (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The proper design of engine nacelle installations for supersonic aircraft depends on a sophisticated understanding of the interactions between the boundary layers and the bounding external flows. The successful operation of mixed external-internal compression inlets depends significantly on the ability to closely control the operation of the internal compression portion of the inlet. This portion of the inlet is one where compression is achieved by multiple reflection of oblique shock waves and weak compression waves in a converging internal flow passage. However weak these shocks and waves may seem gas-dynamically, they are of sufficient strength to separate a laminar boundary layer and generally even strong enough for separation or incipient separation of the turbulent boundary layers. An understanding was developed of the viscous-inviscid interactions and of the shock wave boundary layer interactions and reflections.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-186581 , NAS 1.26:186581
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  • 178
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    Simulation Aspects in the Study of Rectification of Satellite Scanner Data (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Complete sensor/platform modelling is derived and used for the generation of synthetic data and for rectification studies of satellite scanner data. All satellite position and sensor attitude parameters are recovered. Rectification accuracy improves marginally when using more than 25 control points, and is highly sensitive to errors in image point identification.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Texas A and M Univ. Proc. of the NASA Symp. on Math. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; p 413-484
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  • 179
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    Repeated-Measures Analysis of Image Data (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: It is suggested that using a modified analysis of variance procedure on data sampled systematically from a rectangular array of image data can provide a measure of homogeneity of means over that array in single directions and how variation in perpendicular directions interact. The modification of analysis of variance required to account for spatial correlation is described theoretically and numerically on simulated data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of the NASA Symp. on Math. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; p 277-194
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  • 180
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    Autoregressive Models for Use in Scene Segmentation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: A scene segmentation approach is presented which is based on generating autoregressive field models for each scene component (class) from its a priori spatial statistics. A methodology is also described for using these models in achieving optimal segmentation of a scene. The derivations are presented for the case of single band imagery, however, the method is believed to be extendable to multispectral data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Texas A and M Univ. Proc. of the NASA Symp. on Math. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; p 93-122
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  • 181
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    Multivariate Density Estimation and Remote Sensing (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Current efforts to develop methods and computer algorithms to effectively represent multivariate data commonly encountered in remote sensing applications are described. While this may involve scatter diagrams, multivariate representations of nonparametric probability density estimates are emphasized. The density function provides a useful graphical tool for looking at data and a useful theoretical tool for classification. This approach is called a thunderstorm data analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Texas A and M Univ. Proc. of the NASA Symp. on Math. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; p 77-92
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  • 182
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    Progress In The Scene-To-Map Registration Investigation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: The geometric accuracy of the scene-to-map registration process for P-format LANDSAT MSS data for scenes from Kansas and Louisiana/Mississippi is discussed. Large scale row and column bias values and row and column standard deviation values were measured for the P-format data sets indicating a poor georegistration accuracy for these geometrically corrected LANDSAT MSS scenes. Experimental work is underway with A-format LANDSAT MSS scenes from the same locations to examine the influence of the number of ground control points and the spatial distribution of ground control points on geometric registration accuracy. An early conclusion from this work is that the root mean square approach for assessing how well the ground control points fit the mapping equations measures a different aspect of georegistration accuracy than does the approach of evaluating the bias (offset) and standard deviation using independently chosen ground reference points.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Texas A and M Univ. Proc. of the NASA Symp. on Math. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis; p 485-506
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  • 183
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    Results of the Australian geodetic VLBI experiment (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The 250-2500 km baseline vectors between radio telescopes located at Tidbinbilla (DSS43) near Canberra, Parkes, Fleurs (X3) near Sydney, Hobart and Alice Springs were determined from radio interferometric observations of extragalactic sources. The observations were made during two 24-hour sessions on 26 April and 3 May 1982, and one 12-hour night-time session on 28 April 1982. The 275 km Tidbinbilla - Parkes baseline was measured with an accuracy of plus or minus 6 cm. The remaining baselines were measured with accuracies ranging from 15 cm to 6 m. The higher accuracies were achieved for the better instrumented sites of Tidbinbilla, Parkes and Fleurs. The data reduction technique and results of the experiment are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 140-146
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  • 184
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    Radar and infrared remote sensing of terrain, water resources, arctic sea ice, and agriculture (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Radar range measurements, basic waveforms of radar systems, and radar displays are initially described. These are followed by backscatter from several types of terrain and vegetation as a function of frequency and grazing angle. Analytical models for this backscatter include the facet models of radar return, with range-angle, velocity-range, velocity-angle, range, velocity, and angular only discriminations. Several side-looking airborne radar geometries are presented. Radar images of Arctic sea ice, fresh water lake ice, cloud-covered terrain, and related areas are presented to identify applications of radar imagery. Volume scatter models are applied to radar imagery from alpine snowfields. Short pulse ice thickness radar for subsurface probes is discussed in fresh-water ice and sea ice detection. Infrared scanners, including multispectral, are described. Diffusion of cold water into a river, Arctic sea ice, power plant discharges, volcanic heat, and related areas are presented in thermal imagery. Multispectral radar and infrared imagery are discussed, with comparisons of photographic, infrared, and radar imagery of the same terrain or subjects.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: AGARD Propagation Factors Affecting Remote Sensing by Radio Waves; 22 p
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  • 185
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    Vortical flow management for improved configuration aerodynamics: Recent experiences (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Recent progress in vortex-control applications for alleviating the adverse consequences of three dimensional separation and vortical interactions on slender body/swept wing configurations is reported. Examples include helical separation trip to alleviate the side force due to forebody vortex asymmetry; hinged strakes to avoid vortex breakdown effects; compartmentation of swept leading edge separation to delay the pitch-up instability; under wing vortex trip and vortex trip and vortex flaps for drag reduction at high lift; and an apex-flap trimmer to fully utilize the lift capability of trailing-edge flaps for take off and landing of delta wings. Experimental results on generic wind-tunnel models are presented to illustrate the vortex-management concepts involved and to indicate their potential for enhancing the subsonic aerodynamics of supersonic-cruise type vehicles.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Vortical Type Flows in Three Dimensions; 14 p
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  • 186
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    Flight and wind-tunnel correlation of boundary-layer transition on the AEDC transition cone (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Transition and fluctuating surface pressure data were acquired on a 10 degree included angle cone, using the same instrumentation and technique over a wide range of Mach and Reynolds numbers in 23 wind tunnels and in flight. Transition was detected with a traversing pitot pressure probe in contact with the surface. The surface pressure fluctuations were measured with microphones set flush in the cone surface. Good correlation of end of transition Reynolds number Re (sub T) was obtained between data from the lower disturbance wind tunnels and flight up to a boundary layer edge Mach number, M (sub e) = 1.2. Above M (sub e) = 1.2, however, this correlation deteriorates, with the flight Re (sub T) being 25 to 30% higher than the wind tunnel Re (sub T) at M (sub e) = 1.6. The end of transition Reynolds number correlated within + or - 20% with the surface pressure fluctuations. Broad peaks in the power spectral density distributions indicated that Tollmien-Schlichting waves were the probable cause of transition in flight and in some of the wind tunnels.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Ground(Flight Test Tech. and Correlation; 25 p
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  • 187
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    Recent studies at NASA-Langley of vortical flows interacting with neighboring surfaces (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: The importance of leadingedge vortical flows, which occur near and interact with neighboring surfaces, is stressed. Research in this area conducted or sponsored by the NASA Langley Research Center since 1978 is surveyed. Particular attention is given to the cumulative results of a number of theoretical and experimental studies. It is noted that these studies have been carried out in order to understand and use this kind of flow. Much of the work has been devoted to improving the lift-to-drag ratio and pitch characteristics for wings in this flow, although work has also been done on examining the unsteady and lateral characteristics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 188
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    Investigation of Several Blunt Bodies to Determine Transonic Aerodynamic Characteristics Including Effects of Spinning and of Extendible Afterbody Flaps and Some Measurements of Unsteady Base Pressures (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Transonic wind tunnel study of aerodynamic characteristics of blunt reentry vehicles at varying angles of attack
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-MEMO-1-21-59L
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  • 189
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    Flutter Tests of Some Simple Models at a Mach Number of 7.2 in Helium Flow (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Hypersonic flutter tests on rectangular flat-plate models and double-wedge airfoils in helium flow
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-MEMO-4-8-59L
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  • 190
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    Wind-tunnel Studies at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds of a Multiple-mission Variable-wing-sweep Airplane Configuration (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Wind tunnel studies at supersonic and transonic speeds to determine aerodynamic characteristics of variable sweep wing aircraft - configuration
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-206
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  • 191
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    An investigation of some effects of mach number and air temperature on the hypersonic flow over a blunt body (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Mach number and air temperature effect on hypersonic flow over blunt bodies
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-9-58A
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  • 192
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    Performance of a straight stator and a tilted stator tested with a high-solidity high-pressure-ratio transonic rotor (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Overall stage and stator blade element performance with straight stator and tilted stator in transonic axial flow compressor stage
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-99
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  • 193
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    Pressure measurements obtained in flight at transonic speeds for a conically cambered delta wing (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Pressure measurements in flight over conically cambered delta wing of F-102A aircraft at transonic speeds
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-48
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  • 194
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    PUBLIC OPINION AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF SPACE ACTIVITY (1959)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-50493 , RM-2417-NASA
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  • 195
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    DIGITAL RECORDING SYSTEM FOR STATIC-TEST DATA (1959)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: JPL-170
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  • 196
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    Low-speed Measurements of Oscillatory Lateral Stability Derivatives of a Model of 60 Deg Delta-wing Bomber (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Low speed measurements of oscillatory lateral stability derivatives of 60 degree delta wing bomber model
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-13
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  • 197
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    Experimentally Determined Effects of Varying Pitch and Control Stiffnesses on the Flutter Characteristics at Supersonic Speeds of All-movable Wing and Tail Models (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Pitch and control stiffness effects on flutter characteristics of all-moveable wing and vertical and horizontal tails on fighter aircraft at supersonic speeds
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-16-58L
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  • 198
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    An experimental investigation of aerodynamic effects of airfoil thickness on transonic flutter characteristics (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Aerodynamic effects of airfoil thickness on transonic flutter characteristics of swept and unswept wings
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-79
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  • 199
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    Effect of Forebody Strakes on the Aerodynamic Characteristics in Pitch and Sideslip of a Hypersonic Airplane Configuration at Mach Numbers of 1.41, 2.01, and 6.86 (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Effect of forebody strakes on aerodynamic characteristics in sideslip and pitch of hypersonic aircraft configurations
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-116
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  • 200
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    Effects of three spanwise twist variations on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a thin 45 deg sweptback highly tapered wing at transonic speeds (1959)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Determination of loads due to wing twist at transonic and low supersonic speeds
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-126
    Format: application/pdf
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