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  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2015-2019  (23.507)
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  • 1
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    Lateglacial to Holocene trace element record (Ba, Mg, Sr) from Corchia Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy): paleoenvironmental implications (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-16
    Beschreibung: In this study, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios in a Lateglacial to Holocene stalagmite (CC26) from Corchia Cave (central Italy) are compared with stable isotope data to define palaeohydrological changes. For most of the record, the trace element ratios show small absolute variability but similar patterns, which are also consistent with stable isotope variations. Higher trace element-to-calcium values are interpreted as responses to decreasing moisture, inducing changes in the residence time of percolation, producing prior calcite precipitation and/or variations in the hydrological routing. Statistically meaningful levels of covariability were determined using anomalies of Mg/Ca, d18O and d13C. Combining these three time series into a single ‘palaeomoisture-trend’ parameter, we highlight several events of reduced moisture (ca. 8.9–8.4, 6.2, 4.2, 3.1 and 2.0 ka), a humid period between ca. 7.9 and 8.3 ka and other shorter-term wet events at ca. 5.8, 5.3 and 3.7 ka. Most of these events can be correlated with climate changes inferred from other regional studies. For both extremities of the record (i.e. before ca. 12.4 ka and after ca. 0.5 ka) Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are anti-correlated and show the greatest amplitude of values, a likely explanation for which involves aragonite and/or gypsum precipitation (the latter derived from pyrite oxidation) above the CC26 drip point.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 381–392
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): central Italy; Corchia Cave; Holocene; speleothems; trace elements ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Systemic seismic risk assessment of road networks in urban areas (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-18
    Beschreibung: This article presents an integrated approach for the probabilistic systemic risk analysis of a road network considering spatial seismic hazard with correlation of ground motion intensities, vulnerability of the network components, and the effect of interactions within the network, as well as, between roadway components and built environment to the network functionality. The system performance is evaluated at the system level through a global connectivity performance indicator, which depends on both physical damages to its components and induced functionality losses due to interactions with other systems. An object-oriented modeling paradigm is used, where the complex problem of several interacting systems is decomposed in a number of interacting objects, accounting for intra- and interdependencies between and within systems. Each system is specified with its components, solving algorithms, performance indicators and interactions with other systems. The proposed approach is implemented for the analysis of the road network in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) to demonstrate its applicability. In particular, the risk for the road network in the area is calculated, specifically focusing on the short-term impact of seismic events (just after the earthquake). The potential of road blockages due to collapses of adjacent buildings and overpass bridges is analyzed, trying to individuate possible criticalities related to specific components/subsystems. The application can be extended based on the proposed approach, to account for other interactions such as failure of pipelines beneath the road segments, collapse of adjacent electric poles, or malfunction of lighting and signaling systems due to damage in the electric power network.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 524–540
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Systemic vulnerability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Ground structure imaging by inversions of Rayleigh wave ellipticity: sensitivity analysis and application to European strong-motion sites (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14
    Beschreibung: The knowledge of the local soil structure is important for the assessment of seismic hazards. A widespread, but time-consuming technique to retrieve the parameters of the local underground is the drilling of boreholes. Another way to obtain the shear wave velocity profile at a given location is the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves. To ensure a good resolution for both superficial and deeper layers, the used dispersion curves need to cover a wide frequency range. This wide frequency range can be obtained using several arrays of seismic sensors or a single array comprising a large number of sensors. Consequently, these measurements are time-consuming. A simpler alternative is provided by the use of the ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. The frequency dependence of the ellipticity is tightly linked to the shear wave velocity profile. Furthermore, it can be measured using a single seismic sensor. As soil structures obtained by scaling of a given model exhibit the same ellipticity curve, any inversion of the ellipticity curve alone will be ambiguous. Therefore, additional measurements which fix the absolute value of the shear wave velocity profile at some points have to be included in the inversion process. Small-scale spatial autocorrelation measurements or MASW measurements can provide the needed data. Using a theoretical soil structure, we show which parts of the ellipticity curve have to be included in the inversion process to get a reliable result and which parts can be omitted. Furthermore, the use of autocorrelation or high-frequency dispersion curves will be highlighted. The resulting guidelines for inversions including ellipticity data are then applied to real data measurements collected at 14 different sites during the European NERIES project. It is found that the results are in good agreement with dispersion curve measurements. Furthermore, the method can help in identifying the mode of Rayleigh waves in dispersion curve measurements.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 207-229
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Inverse theory Surface waves and free oscillations Site effects Computational seismology Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    A performance-based framework for adaptive seismic aftershock risk assessment (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-22
    Beschreibung: Operative seismic aftershock risk forecasting can be particularly useful for rapid decision-making in the presence of an ongoing sequence. In such a context, limit state first-excursion probabilities (risk) for the forecasting interval (a day) can represent the potential for progressive state of damage in a structure. This work lays out a performance-based framework for adaptive aftershock risk assessment in the immediate post-mainshock environment. A time-dependent structural performance variable is adopted in order to measure the cumulative damage in a structure. A set of event-dependent fragility curves as a function of the first-mode spectral acceleration for a prescribed limit state is calculated by employing back-to-back non- linear dynamic analyses. An epidemic-type aftershock sequence model is employed for estimating the spatio-temporal evolution of aftershocks. The event-dependent fragility curves for a given limit state are then integrated together with the probability distribution of aftershock spectral acceleration based on the epidemic-type aftershock sequence aftershock hazard. The daily probability of limit state first-excursion is finally calculated as a weighted combination of the sequence of limit state probabilities conditioned on the num- ber of aftershocks. As a numerical example, daily aftershock risk is calculated for the L’Aquila 2009 aftershock sequence (central Italy). A representative three-story reinforced concrete frame with infill panels, which has cyclic strength and stiffness degradation, is used in order to evaluate the progressive damage. It is observed that the proposed framework leads to a sound forecasting of limit state first-excursion in the structure for two limit states of significant damage and near collapse. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2179–2197
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): aftershock ; time-dependent reliability ; seismic risk ; etas modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Directional resonance variations across the Pernicana Fault, Mt Etna, in relation to brittle deformation fields (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Pernicana Fault (PF) is the main structural element of Mt Etna and the northern boundary of a section sliding to the southeast. Observed ground motion records in the damage zone of the PF show strong variations of directional resonance in the horizontal plane. The observed resonance directions exhibit an abrupt rotation of azimuth by about 30◦ across the fault, varying from N166◦ on the north side to N139◦ on the south. We interpret the directional resonance observations in terms of changes in the kinematics and deformation fields on the opposite sides of the fault. The northern side is affected primarily by the left-lateral strike-slip movement, whereas the southern side, that is subjected also to sliding, is under a dominant extensional stress regime. Brittle deformation models based on the observed kinematic field predict different sets of fractures on the opposite sides of the fault: synthetic cleavages and extensional fractures are expected to dominate in the northern and southern sides, respectively. These two fracture fields have different orientations (N74◦ and N42◦, respectively) and both show a near-orthogonal relation (∼88◦ in the northern sector and ∼83◦ to the south) with the azimuth of the observed directional resonance. We conclude that the direction of the largest resonance motions is sensitive to and has transversal relationship with the dominant fracture orientation. The directional amplification is inferred to be produced by stiffness anisotropy of the fault damage zone, with larger seismic motions normal to the fractures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 986–996
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ground motions; Site effects; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Assessing annual global M6+ seismicity forecasts (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We consider a seismicity forecast experiment conducted during the last 4 yr. At the beginning of each year, three models make a 1-yr forecast of the distribution of large earthquakes everywhere on the Earth. The forecasts are generated and the observations are collected in the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP). We apply CSEP likelihood measures of consistency and comparison to see how well the forecasts match the observations, and we compare results from some intuitive reference models. These results illustrate some undesirable properties of the consistency tests: the tests can be extremely sensitive to only a few earthquakes, and yet insensitive to seemingly obvious flaws—a na ̈ıve hypothesis that large earthquakes are equally likely everywhere is not always rejected. The results also suggest that one should check the assumptions of the so-called T and W comparison tests, and we illustrate some methods to do so. As an extension of model assessment, we explore strategies to combine forecasts, and we discuss the implications for operational earthquake forecasting. Finally, we make suggestions for the next generation of global seismicity forecast experiments.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 422-431
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): probabilistic forecasting ; statistical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    The hydrological signature of a seismogenic source: coseismic hydrological changes in response to the 1915 Fucino (Central Italy) earthquake (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The M ∼ 7 1915 Fucino (Central Italy) earthquake represents one of the most destructive seismic events ever occurred in the Italian Peninsula. Several seismogenic faults have been proposed in the past decades as the source of the earthquake by means of different approaches and techniques that lead to a variety of speculations about the source mechanism and the fault location, often contrasting with one another. The 1915 earthquake produced a remarkable data set of 73 coseismic hydrological changes in the near and intermediate field that consist in variation of the flow of streams and springs, liquefaction, rise of water temperature and turbidity. In this paper, we study the coseismic water level changes induced by the 1915 earthquake in the near field to provide convincing clues on the geometry of the earthquake causative fault. We model the coseismic strain field induced by seventeen individual faults proposed through different approaches, and compare its pattern with the distribution of streamflow changes. We find: (i) clues on the most probable geometry of the earthquake causative fault. Best fits between modelled deformation and observed data are displayed by sources (derived by geological or seismological data) that share several distinctive features, as they are ∼135◦-striking, SW-dipping, 25–30-km-long normal faults located along the eastern side of the Fucino basin. These data point to the Serrone Fault and the Parasano Fault as the most likely causative structures and support the hypothesis that the coseismic ruptures observed in the field represented primary surface faulting. On the contrary, our calculations show that the Pescina Fault and the Ventrino Fault are secondary faults from the perspective of the hydrological response. Finally, one of the best scoring potential sources (from geological data) is a multifaulting system that considers the presence, in the central-western part of the basin, of fault splays synthetic and antithetic to the main seismogenic structures; therefore, we infer for these splays a possible active involvement in a 1915-like seismogenic process; (ii) evidence against a number of seismogenic structures that were previously associated with the earthquake. In particular, the plots of coseismic strain induced by sources uniquely derived by macroseismic or geodetic data prove to be inconsistent with the polarities of the hydrological signatures. Also, sources mainly characterized by reverse faulting and/or by right-lateral strike-slip component are discarded and (iii) as a final remark, we maintain that the study of the hydrological signatures of earthquake strain can offer an alternative tool in the investigation of the historical seismicity, to estimate the focal mechanism of major earthquakes capable of giving rise to a consistent data set of hydrological data.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1374-1388
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): 1915 Fucino earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Discriminating among distinct source models of the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake by modelling intensity data through full wavefield seismograms (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Macroseismic intensities are the only available data for most historical earthquakes and often represent the unique source of information for crucial events in the definition of seismic hazard. In this paper, we attempt at getting insight into source characteristics by reproducing the observed intensity field. As a test case, we study the source of 1908 Messina Straits earthquake ( M W = 7.1), by testing three distinct fault models deduced from the analysis of geodeticdata.Startingfromthestaticslipdistribution,wedevelop kinematicsourcemodelsfor the investigated fault and compute full waveform synthetic seismograms in a 1-D structural model, also accounting for anelastic attenuation. Then, we convert both computed peak- ground acceleration (PGA) and peak-ground velocity (PGV) to macroseismic intensity at 100 selected sites, by means of specific empirical relations for the Italian region. By comparing the original data separately with PGA- and PGV-based intensity fields, we discriminate among the tested faults and determine the best values for the investigated kinematic parameters of the source. We also perform a misfit analysis for the best source model, in order to investigate the dependence of the results on the selected parametrization. The results of the analysis indicate that among the tested models, the one characterized by an east-dipping fault, with strike- oriented NS slightly rotated clockwise, better explains the observed macroseismic field of the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake. Besides, the fracture nucleated at the southern end of the fault and ruptured northward, producing considerable directivity effects. This is in agreement with the published results obtained from the investigation of the historical seismograms. We alsodeterminerealisticvalues fortherupturevelocityand therise-time.Ourstudyconfirms the greatpotentialofthemacroseismicdata,demonstratingthattheycontainenoughinformationto constrain important characteristics of the fault, which can be retrieved by using complex source models and computing complete wavefield. Moreover, we also show that the simultaneous comparison of both PGA- and PGV-based synthetic macroseismic fields with the original intensities provides tighter constraints for discriminating among different source models, with respect to what attainable from each of them
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 164-173
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ground motions; Earthquake source observations. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Numerical evidences enabling to reconcile gravity and height changes in volcanic areas (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Gravity and height changes, reflecting magma accumulation in subsurface chambers, are evaluated using Finite Element models in order to resolve controversial relationships observed in some volcanic areas. When significant gravity changes occur without any significant deformation, or vice versa, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to jointly explain the observations using the popular Mogi model. Here we explore whether these discrepancies can be explained by magma compressibility and source geometry effects. Compression of resident magma and expansion of the chamber wall act concurrently to accommodate newly added magma. Gravity-height ratios are found to mainly depend on: (i) geometry of the sources, which control the volume expansion of the chamber, (ii) magma compressibility, which affects the contraction of the magma resident in the chamber, and (iii) depth of the sources. Our numerical results show that, when magma compressibility and non-spherical sources are taken into account, significant gravity variations can, indeed, be successfully reconciled with negligible height changes. This may be the case at Etna volcano, where gravity changes (about 40 miuGal) without any significant deformation (below 5 cm) were observed during the 1994-1995 inflation period. The numerical results point to the accumulation of a 1.4x10^10 kg mass into an elongated source simulating a shallow storage region supplying the summit craters.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 164-173
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): numerical modeling, gravity and height changes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    On the present-day crustal stress, strain-rate fields and mantle anisotropy pattern of Italy (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present an up-to-date high resolution picture of the ongoing crustal deformation field of Italy, based on an extensive combination of permanent and non-permanent GPS observations carried out since 1994. In addition, we present an updated map of contemporary SHmax orientations computed by a multidisciplinary data set of well-constrained stress indicators, including both published results and novel analyses. The comparison of stress and geodetic strain-rates directions reveals that both patterns are near-parallel over a large part of the investigated area, highlighting that crustal stress and surface deformation are driven by the same mechanism. The comparison of the azimuthal patterns of surface strain and mantle deformation shows a modest correlation on the Alps and a low correlation along the Apennines chain and the Calabro-Peloritan Arc. Along the Apennines chain, this feature suggests the occurrence of significant strain partitioning and crust–mantle mechanical decoupling. Along the Calabro-Peloritan Arc, the apparent low correlation reflects a different mantle–crust mechanism of deformation to the ongoing subduction and rollback of the Ionian slab. In addition, the superposition of regional/local effects related to second-order sources (crustal lateral density changes, strength contrasts), which at regional/local scale modulate the crustal stress/strain-rate pattern, cannot be ruled out.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 969-985
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Plate motions ; Seismic anisotropy ; Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Seismic Q estimates in Umbria-Marche (central Italy): hints for the retrieval of a new attenuation law for seismic risk (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In the Umbria Marche (Central Italy) region an important earthquake sequence occurred in 1997, characterized by nine earthquakes with magnitudes in the range between 5 and 6, that caused important damages and causalities. In the present paper we separately estimate intrinsic- and scattering- Q −1 parameters, using the classical MLTWA approach in the assumption of a half space model. The results clearly show that the attenuation parameters Qi −1 and Qs −1 are frequency dependent. This estimate is compared with other attenuation studies carried out in the same area, and with all the other MLTWA estimates obtained till now in other tectonic environments in the Earth. The bias introduced by the half space assumption is investigated through numerical solutions of the Energy Transport equation in the more realistic assumption of a heterogeneous crust overlying a transparent mantle, with a Moho located at a depth ranging between 35 and 45 km below the surface. The bias introduced by the half space assumption is significant only at high frequency. We finally show how the attenuation estimates, calculated with different techniques, lead to different PGA decay with distance relationships, using the well known and well proven Boore’s method. This last result indicates that care must be used in selecting the correct estimate of the attenuation parameters for seismic risk purposes. We also discuss the reason why MLTWA may be chosen among all the other available techniques, due to its intrinsic stability, to obtain the right attenuation parameters.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1370-1382
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic attenuation ; scattering ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    The seismogenic structure of the 2013–2014 Matese seismic sequence, Southern Italy: implication for the geometry of the Apennines active extensional belt (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Seismological, geological and geodetic data have been integrated to characterize the seismogenic structure of the late 2013-early 2014 moderate energy (maximum local magnitude MLmax = 4.9) seismic sequence that struck the interior of the Matese Massif, part of the Southern Apennines active extensional belt. The sequence, heralded by a ML = 2.7 foreshock, was characterized by two main shocks with ML = 4.9 and ML = 4.2, respectively, which occurred at a depth of ∼17–18 km. The sequence was confined in the 10–20 km depth range, significantly deeper than the 1997–1998 sequence which occurred few km away on the northeastern side of the massif above ∼15 km depth. The depth distribution of the 2013–14 sequence is almost continuous, albeit a deeper (16–19 km) and a shallower (11–15 km) group of events can be distinguished, the former including the main shocks and the foreshock. The epicentral distribution formed a ∼10 km long NNW–SSE trending alignment, which almost parallels the surface trace of late Pliocene–Quaternary southwest-dipping normal faults with a poor evidence of current geological and geodetic deformation. We built an upper crustal model profile for the eastern Matese massif through integration of geological data, oil exploration well logs and seismic tomographic images. Projection of hypocentres on the profile suggests that the seismogenic volume falls mostly within the crystalline crust and subordinately within the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of Apulia, the underthrust foreland of the Southern Apennines fold and thrust belt. Geological data and the regional macroseismic field of the sequence suggest that the southwest-dipping nodal plane of the main shocks represents the rupture surface that we refer to here as the Matese fault. The major lithological discontinuity between crystalline and sedimentary rocks of Apulia likely confined upward the rupture extent of the Matese fault. Repeated coseismic failure represented by the deeper group of events in the sequence, activated in a passive fashion the overlying ∼11–15 km deep section of the upper crustal normal faults. We consider the southwest-dipping Matese fault representative of a poorly known type of seismogenic structures in the Southern Apennines, where extensional seismogenesis and geodetic strain accumulation occur more frequently on NE-dipping, shallower-rooted faults. This is the case of the Boiano Basin fault located on the northern side of the massif, to which the 1997–1998 sequence is related. The close proximity of the two types of seismogenic faults at the Matese Massif is related to the complex crustal architecture generated by the Pliocene–early Pleistocene contractional and transpressional tectonics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 823-837
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Seismicity and tectonics ; Continental tectonics: extensional ; Crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Empirical conversion between teleseismic magnitudes (mb and Ms) and moment magnitude (Mw) at the Global, Euro-Mediterranean and Italian scale (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We analysed the conversion problem between teleseismic magnitudes (Ms and mb) provided by the Seismological Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre and moment magni- tudes (Mw) provided by online moment tensor (MT) catalogues using the chi-square general orthogonal regression method (CSQ) that, differently from the ordinary least-square regres- sion method (OLS), accounts for the measurement errors of both the predictor and response variables. To account for the non-linearity of the relationships, we used two types of curvilin- ear models: (i) the exponential model (EXP), recently proposed by the authors of the Global Catalogue sponsored by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and (ii) a connected bilinear (CBL) model, similar to that proposed by Ekstro ̈m & Dziewonski, where two different linear trends at low and high magnitudes are connected by an arc of circle that preserves the continuity of the function and of its first derivative at the connecting points. For Ms, we found that the regression curves computed for a global data set (GBL) are likely to be biased by the incompleteness of global MT catalogues for Mw 〈5.0–5.5. In fact, the GBL curves deviate significantly from a similar regression curve computed for a Euro-Mediterranean data set (MED) integrated with the data provided by two regional MT catalogues including many more events with Mw 〈 5.0–5.5. The GLB regression curves overestimate the Mw proxies computed from Ms up to 0.5 magnitude units. Hence for computing Mw proxies at the global scale of Ms ≤ 5.5, we suggest to adopt the coefficients obtained from the MED regression. The analysis of the frequency–magnitude relationship of the resulting Mw proxy catalogues confirms the validity of this choice as the behaviour of b-value as a function of cut-off magnitude of the GBL data set is much more stable using such approach. The incompleteness of Mw’s provided from MT global catalogues also affects the mb GBL data set but in this case the use of the CSQ regression method, in place of the OLS, mitigates the bias and then, at low magnitudes, the EXP regression curve computed from the more complete MED data set almost coincides with that computed from the GBL data set. Our results also indicate that the slope at low magnitudes of the Mw–Ms relationship is substantially consistent with the hypothesized theoretical value of 2/3 for Ms 〈 5.0 while the slope of the Mw–mb relationship at high magnitudes probably reaches the theoretically expected value of 2 only in the proximity of the upper limit of mb determinations in our data set (mb = 7.2).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 805–828
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake source observations ; Statistical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Comment on ‘Are the source models of the M 7.1 1908 Messina Straits earthquake reliable? Insights from a novel inversion and sensitivity analysis of levelling data’ by M. Aloisi, V. Bruno, F. Cannav ` o, L. Ferranti, M. Mattia, C. Monaco and M. Palano (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In a recent paper, important issues were raised about the identification of the fault responsible for the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake. Starting with a reanalysis of the available original geodetic data, the authors aimed to demonstrate that both of the fault–plane orientations derived by the focal mechanism are compatible with the measurements. On these grounds, and based on geological considerations, they argued in favour of the Armo fault—a high-angled structure on the Calabrian side of the Messina Straits—as responsible for the 1908 earthquake. We indicate here that their analysis has some pitfalls that produce questionable results, and that render their conclusions unreliable. Moreover, especially when dealing with such old events and data, we consider that it is more prudent not to derive conclusions on the basis of a single data set, as all of the available information should be included in any interpretation. Indeed, when the joint results of the seismological and geodetic analyses are taken into account, a consistent and robust source model can be derived that indicates that a low-angle, east-dipping fault is the most likely source of this 1908 Messina Straits earthquake
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1399-1402
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Deformation of the western Indian plate boundary: insights from differential and multi-aperture InSAR data inversion of the 2008, Baluchistan (Western Pakistan) seismic sequence (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this study,we use Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) and multiaperture interferometry (MAI) to constrain the sources of the three largest events of the 2008 Baluchistan (western Pakistan) seismic sequence, namely two Mw 6.4 events only 12 hr apart and an Mw 5.7 event that occurred 40 d later. The sequence took place in the Quetta Syntaxis, the most seismically active region of Baluchistan, tectonically located between the colliding Indian Plate and the Afghan Block of the Eurasian Plate. Surface displacements estimated from ascending and descending ENVISAT ASAR acquisitions were used to derive elastic dislocation models for the sources of the two main events. The estimated slip distributions have peak values of 120 and 130 cm on a pair of almost parallel and near-vertical faults striking NW–SE, and of 50 cm and 60 cm on two high-angle faults striking NE–SW. Values up to 50 cm were found for the largest aftershock on an NE–SW fault located between the sources of the main shocks. The MAI measurements, with their high sensitivity to the north–south motion component, are crucial in this area to accurately describe the coseismic displacement field. Our results provide insight into the deformation style of the Quetta Syntaxis, suggesting that right-lateral slip released at shallow depths on large NW fault planes is compatible with left-lateral activation on smaller NE–SW faults.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 25-39
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Radar interferometry ; Satellite geodesy ; Seismicity and Tectonics ; Continental margins: convergent ; Earthquake interaction, forecasting and prediction ; Earthquake source observation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Monitoring of crustal seismic velocity variations in the L'Aquila fault zone inferred from noise cross-correlation (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The relative seismic velocity variations possibly associated to large earthquakes can be readily monitored via cross-correlation of seismic noise. In a recently published study, more than 2 yr of continuous seismic records have been analysed from three stations surrounding the epicentre of the 2009 April 6, Mw 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake, observing a clear decrease of seismic velocities likely corresponding to the co-seismic shaking. Here, we extend the analysis in space, including seismic stations within a radius of 60 km from the main shock epicentre, and in time, collecting 5 yr of data for the six stations within 40 km of it. Our aim is to investigate how far the crustal damage is visible through this technique, and to detect a potential post-seismic recovery of velocity variations. We find that the co-seismic drop in velocity variations extends up to 40 km from the epicentre, with spatial distribution (maximum around the fault and in the north– east direction from it) in agreement with the horizontal co-seismic displacement detected by global positioning system (GPS). In the first few months after L’Aquila earthquake, the crust’s perturbation in terms of velocity variations displays a very unstable behaviour, followed by a slow linear recovery towards pre-earthquake conditions; by almost 4 yr after the event, the co-seismic drop of seismic velocity is not yet fully recovered. The strong oscillations of the velocity changes in the first months after the earthquake prevent to detect the fast exponential recovery seen by GPS data. A test of differently parametrized fitting curves demonstrate that the post-seismic recovery is best explained by a sum of a logarithmic and a linear term, suggesting that processes like viscoelastic relaxation, frictional afterlip and poroelastic rebound may be acting concurrently.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 604-6011
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Time-series analysis; Interferometry; Computational seismology; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Shear-wave velocity profile and seismic input derived from ambient vibration array measurements: the case study of downtown L'Aquila (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-13
    Beschreibung: Downtown L'Aquila suffered severe damage (VIII-IX EMS98 intensity) during the 2009 April 6 Mw 6.3 earthquake. The city is settled on a top flat hill, with a shear-wave velocity profile characterized by a reversal of velocity at a depth of the order of 50–100 m, corresponding to the contact between calcareous breccia and lacustrine deposits. In the southern sector of downtown, a thin unit of superficial red soils causes a further shallow impedance contrast that may have influenced the damage distribution during the 2009 earthquake. In this paper, the main features of ambient seismic vibrations have been studied in the entire city centre by using array measurements. We deployed six 2-D arrays of seismic stations and 1-D array of vertical geophones. The 2-D arrays recorded ambient noise, whereas the 1-D array recorded signals produced by active sources. Surface-wave dispersion curves have been measured by array methods and have been inverted through a neighbourhood algorithm, jointly with the H/V ambient noise spectral ratios related to Rayleigh waves ellipticity. We obtained shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles representative of the southern and northern sectors of downtown L'Aquila. The theoretical 1-D transfer functions for the estimated Vs profiles have been compared to the available empirical transfer functions computed from aftershock data analysis, revealing a general good agreement. Then, the Vs profiles have been used as input for a deconvolution analysis aimed at deriving the ground motion at bedrock level. The deconvolution has been performed by means of EERA and STRATA codes, two tools commonly employed in the geotechnical engineering community to perform equivalent-linear site response studies. The waveform at the bedrock level has been obtained deconvolving the 2009 main shock recorded at a strong motion station installed in downtown. Finally, this deconvolved waveform has been used as seismic input for evaluating synthetic time-histories in a strong-motion target site located in the middle Aterno river valley. As a target site, we selected the strong-motion station of AQV 5 km away from downtown L'Aquila. For this site, the record of the 2009 L'Aquila main shock is available and its surface stratigraphy is adequately known making possible to propagate the deconvolved bedrock motion back to the surface, and to compare recorded and synthetic waveforms.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 848–866
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier analysis, Earthquake ground motions , Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Tomography of core–mantle boundary and lowermost mantle coupled by geodynamics (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-27
    Beschreibung: We propose an innovative approach to mapping CMB topography from seismic P-wave trav- eltime inversions: instead of treating mantle velocity and CMB topography as independent parameters, as has been done so far, we account for their coupling by mantle flow, as formulated by Forte & Peltier. This approach rests on the assumption that P data are sufficiently sensitive to thermal heterogeneity, and that compositional heterogeneity, albeit important in localized regions of the mantle (e.g. within the D′′ region), is not sufficiently strong to govern the pattern of mantle-wide convection and hence the CMB topography. The resulting tomographic maps of CMB topography are physically sound, and they resolve the known discrepancy between images obtained from classic tomography on the basis of core-reflected and core-refracted seismic phases. Since the coefficients of mantle velocity structure are the only free parameters of the inversion, this joint tomography–geodynamics approach reduces the number of param- eters; nevertheless the corresponding mantle models fit the seismic data as well as the purely seismic ones.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 730-746
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Palaeomagnetic analysis on pottery as indicator of the pyroclastic flow deposits temperature: new data and statistical interpretation from the Minoan eruption of Santorini, Greece (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present the results of palaeomagnetic analysis on Late Bronge Age pottery from Santorini carried out in order to estimate the thermal effect of the Minoan eruption on the pre-Minoan habitation level. A total of 170 specimens from 108 ceramic fragments have been studied. The ceramics were collected from the surface of the pre-Minoan palaeosol at six different sites, including also samples from the Akrotiri archaeological site. The deposition temperatures of the first pyroclastic products have been estimated by the maximum overlap of the re-heating temperature intervals given by the individual fragments at site level. A new statistical elaboration of the temperature data has also been proposed, calculating at 95 per cent of probability the re-heating temperatures at each site. The obtained results show that the precursor tephra layer and the first pumice fall of the eruption were hot enough to re-heat the underlying ceramics at temperatures 160–230 ◦C in the non-inhabited sites while the temperatures recorded inside the Akrotiri village are slightly lower, varying from 130 to 200 ◦C. The decrease of the temperatures registered in the human settlements suggests that there was some interaction between the buildings and the pumice fallout deposits while probably the buildings debris layer caused by the preceding and syn-eruption earthquakes has also contributed to the decrease of the recorded re-heating temperatures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 33-47
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Archaeomagnetism ; Rock and mineral magnetism ; Volcaniclastic deposits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Probabilistic hazard for seismically induced tsunamis: accuracy and feasibility of inundation maps (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) relies on computationally demanding numerical simulations of tsunami generation, propagation, and non-linear inundation on high-resolution topo-bathymetric models. Here we focus on tsunamis generated by co-seismic sea floor dis- placement, that is, on Seismic PTHA (SPTHA). A very large number of tsunami simulations are typically needed to incorporate in SPTHA the full expected variability of seismic sources (the aleatory uncertainty). We propose an approach for reducing their number. To this end, we (i) introduce a simplified event tree to achieve an effective and consistent exploration of the seismic source parameter space; (ii) use the computationally inexpensive linear approximation for tsunami propagation to construct a preliminary SPTHA that calculates the probability of maximum offshore tsunami wave height (H Max) at a given target site; (iii) apply a two-stage filtering procedure to these ‘linear’ SPTHA results, for selecting a reduced set of sources and (iv) calculate ‘non-linear’ probabilistic inundation maps at the target site, using only the selected sources. We find that the selection of the important sources needed for approximating probabilistic inundation maps can be obtained based on the offshore HMax values only. The filtering procedure is semi-automatic and can be easily repeated for any target sites. We describe and test the performances of our approach with a case study in the Mediterranean that considers potential subduction earthquakes on a section of the Hellenic Arc, three target sites on the coast of eastern Sicily and one site on the coast of southern Crete. The comparison between the filtered SPTHA results and those obtained for the full set of sources indicates that our approach allows for a 75–80 per cent reduction of the number of the numerical simulations needed, while preserving the accuracy of probabilistic inundation maps to a reasonable degree.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 574-588
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Tsunami ; Hazard ; Probabilistic ; Subduction ; Mediterranean ; SPTHA ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Assessment of resolution and accuracy of the Moving Window Cross Spectral technique for monitoring crustal temporal variations using ambient seismic noise (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Temporal variations in the elastic behaviour of the Earth’s crust can be monitored through the analysis of the Earth’s seismic response and its evolution with time. This kind of analysis is particularly interesting when combined with the reconstruction of seismic Green’s functions from the cross-correlation of ambient seismic noise, which circumvents the limitations imposed by a dependence on the occurrence of seismic events. In fact, because seismic noise is recorded continuously and does not depend on earthquake sources, these cross-correlation functions can be considered analogously to records from continuously repeating doublet sources placed at each station, and can be used to extract observations of variations in seismic velocities. These variations, however, are typically very small: of the order of 0.1 per cent. Such accuracy can be only achieved through the analysis of the full reconstructed waveforms, including later scattered arrivals. We focus on the method known as Moving-Window Cross-Spectral Analysis that has the advantage of operating in the frequency domain, where the bandwidth of coherent signal in the correlation function can be clearly defined. We investigate the sensitivity of this method by applying it to microseismic noise cross-correlations which have been perturbed by small synthetic velocity variations and which have been randomly contaminated. We propose threshold signal-to-noise ratios above which these perturbations can be reliably observed. Such values are a proxy for cross-correlation convergence, and so can be used as a guideline when determining the length of microseismic noise records that are required before they can be used for monitoring with the moving-window cross-spectral technique.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 867-882
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Interferometry; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Up-dip directivity in near-source during the 2009 L'Aquila main shock (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this study we have investigated the forward directivity associated with the initial up-dip rupture propagation during the April 6th 2009 (MW 6.1) L’Aquila normal-faulting earthquake. The objective is the understanding of how the peculiar initial behavior of rupture history during the main shock has affected the near-source recorded ground motions in the L’Aquila town and surrounding areas. We have modeled the observed ground velocities at the closest near-source recording sites by computing synthetic seismograms using a discrete wavenumbers and finite difference approach in the low frequency bandwidth (0.02-0.4 Hz) to avoid site effects contaminations. We use both the rupture model retrieved by inverting ground motion waveforms and continuous high sampling-rate GPS time series as well as uniform-slip constant-rupture speed models. Our results demonstrate that the initial up-dip rupture propagation, characterizing the first three seconds of the rupture history during the L’Aquila main shock and releasing only ∼25% of total seismic moment, controls the observed ground motions in the near-source. This initial stage of the rupture is characterized by the generation of clear ground velocity pulses, which we interpret as a forward directivity effect. Our modeling results confirm a heterogeneous distribution of rupture velocity during the initial up-dip rupture propagation, since uniform rupture speed models overestimate up-dip directivity effects in the footwall of the causative fault. The up-dip directivity observed in the near field during the 2009 L’Aquila main shock is that predicted for a normal faulting earthquake by Somerville’s directivity model, but it differs from that inferred from far-field observations that conversely provide evidence of along-strike directivity. This calls for a careful analysis as well as for the realistic inclusion of rupture directivity to predict ground motions in the near source.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1618-1631
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake ground motion, earthquake source observations, computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Comment on ‘Magnitude conversion problem using general orthogonal regression’ by H. R. Wason, Ranjit Das and M. L. Sharma, (Geophys. J. Int., 190, 1091–1096) (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Magnitude conversion problem using general orthogonal regression’ by H. R. Wason, Ranjit Das and M. L. Sharma, (Geophys. J. Int., 190, 1091–1096)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The argument proposed by Wason et al. that the conversion of magnitudes from a scale (e.g. Ms or mb) to another (e.g. Mw), using the coefficients computed by the general orthogonal regression method (Fuller) is biased if the observed values of the predictor (independent) variable are used in the equation as well as the methodology they suggest to estimate the supposedly true values of the predictor variable are wrong for a number of theoretical and empirical reasons. Hence, we advise against the use of such methodology for magnitude conversions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 626-627
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake source observations ; Statistical seismology ; Computational seismology ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    Fluid pressure waves trigger earthquakes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Fluids—essentially meteoric water—are present everywhere in the Earth’s crust, occasionally also with pressures higher than hydrostatic due to the tectonic strain imposed on impermeable undrained layers, to the impoundment of artificial lakes or to the forced injections required by oil and gas exploration and production. Experimental evidence suggests that such fluids flow along preferred paths of high diffusivity, provided by rock joints and faults. Studying the coupled poroelastic problem, we find that such flow is ruled by a nonlinear partial differential equation amenable to a Barenblatt-type solution, implying that it takes place in formof solitary pressure waves propagating at a velocity which decreases with time as v ∝t [1/(n − 1) − 1] with n 7. According to Tresca-Von Mises criterion, these waves appear to play a major role in earthquake triggering, being also capable to account for aftershock delay without any further assumption. The measure of stress and fluid pressure inside active faults may therefore provide direct information about fault potential instability.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1281–1285
    Beschreibung: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): forecasting and prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
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    Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Our improved capability to adapt to future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural U.S. Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socio-economic impacts. Here we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increasing trends in particular in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a non-stationary world.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1361–1371
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): river discharge ; rainfall ; statistical model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
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  • 26
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    Low-temperature catalytic CO2 hydrogenation with geological quantities of ruthenium: a possible abiotic CH4 source in chromitite-rich serpentinized rocks. (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Metal-catalysed CO2 hydrogenation is considered a source of methane in serpentinized (hydrated) igneous rocks and a fundamental abiotic process germane to the origin of life. Iron, nickel, chromium and cobalt are the catalysts typically employed in hydrothermal simulation experiments to obtain methane at temperatures 〉200°C. However, land-based present-day serpentinization and abiotic gas apparently develop below 100°C, down to approximately 40–50°C. Here, we document considerable methane production in thirteen CO2 hydrogenation experiments performed in a closed dry system, from 20 to 90°C and atmospheric pressure, over 0.9–122 days, using concentrations of non-pretreated ruthenium equivalent to those occurring in chromitites in ophiolites or igneous complexes (from 0.4 to 76 mg of Ru, equivalent to the amount occurring approximately in 0.4–760 kg of chromitite). Methane production increased with time and temperature, reaching approximately 87 mg CH4 per gram of Ru after 30 days (2.9 mgCH4/gru/day) at 90°C. At room temperature, CH4 production rate was approximately three orders of magnitude lower (0.003 mgCH4/gru/day). We report the first stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of abiotic CH4 generated below 100°C. Using initial d13CCO2 of -40&, we obtained room temperature d13CCH4 values as 13C depleted as 142&. With time and temperature, the C-isotope separation between CO2 and CH4 decreased significantly and the final d13CCH4 values approached that of initial d13CCO2. The presence of minor amounts of C2-C6 hydrocarbons is consistent with observations in natural settings. Comparative experiments at the same temperatures with iron and nichel catalysts did not generate CH4. Ru-enriched chromitites could potentially generate methane at low temperatures on Earth and on other planets.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 438–452
    Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): abiotic methane, Sabatier reaction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    On the occurrence of annual layers in Dome Fuji ice core early Holocene ice (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus, 11(9), pp. 1127-1137, ISSN: 1814-9332
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-22
    Beschreibung: Whereas ice cores from high-accumulation sites in coastal Antarctica clearly demonstrate annual layering, it is debated whether a seasonal signal is also preserved in ice cores from lower-accumulation sites further inland and particularly on the East Antarctic Plateau. In this study, we examine 5 m of early Holocene ice from the Dome Fuji (DF) ice core at a high temporal resolution by continuous flow analysis. The ice was continuously analysed for concentrations of dust, sodium, ammonium, liquid conductivity, and water isotopic composition. Furthermore, a dielectric profiling was performed on the solid ice. In most of the analysed ice, the multi-parameter impurity data set appears to resolve the seasonal variability although the identification of annual layers is not always unambiguous. The study thus provides information on the snow accumulation process in central East Antarctica. A layer counting based on the same principles as those previously applied to the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice core Project) and the Antarctic EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice cores leads to a mean annual layer thickness for the DF ice of 3.0 ± 0.3 cm that compares well to existing estimates. The measured DF section is linked to the EDML ice core through a characteristic pattern of three significant acidity peaks that are present in both cores. The corresponding section of the EDML ice core has recently been dated by annual layer counting and the number of years identified independently in the two cores agree within error estimates. We therefore conclude that, to first order, the annual signal is preserved in this section of the DF core. This case study demonstrates the feasibility of determining annually deposited strata on the central East Antarctic Plateau. It also opens the possibility of resolving annual layers in the Eemian section of Antarctic ice cores where the accumulation is estimated to have been greater than in the Holocene. © Author(s) 2015.
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  • 28
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    Verification of the multi-layer SNOWPACK model with different water transport schemes (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus, 9, pp. 2271-2293
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-14
    Beschreibung: The widely used detailed SNOWPACK model has undergone constant development over the years. A notable recent extension is the introduction of a Richards equation (RE) solver as an alternative for the bucket-type approach for describing water transport in the snow and soil layers. In addition, continuous updates of snow settling and new snow density parameterizations have changed model behavior. This study presents a detailed evaluation of model performance against a comprehensive multiyear data set from Weissfluhjoch near Davos, Switzerland. The data set is collected by automatic meteorological and snowpack measurements and manual snow profiles. During the main winter season, snow height (RMSE: 〈 4.2 cm), snow water equivalent (SWE, RMSE: 〈 40 mm w.e.), snow temperature distributions (typical deviation with measurements: 〈 1.0 °C) and snow density (typical deviation with observations: 〈 50 kg m−3) as well as their temporal evolution are well simulated in the model and the influence of the two water transport schemes is small. The RE approach reproduces internal differences over capillary barriers but fails to predict enough grain growth since the growth routines have been calibrated using the bucket scheme in the original SNOWPACK model. However, the agreement in both density and grain size is sufficient to parameterize the hydraulic properties successfully. In the melt season, a pronounced underestimation of typically 200 mm w.e. in SWE is found. The discrepancies between the simulations and the field data are generally larger than the differences between the two water transport schemes. Nevertheless, the detailed comparison of the internal snowpack structure shows that the timing of internal temperature and water dynamics is adequately and better represented with the new RE approach when compared to the conventional bucket scheme. On the contrary, the progress of the meltwater front in the snowpack as detected by radar and the temporal evolution of the vertical distribution of melt forms in manually observed snow profiles do not support this conclusion. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of RE partly mimics preferential flow effects.
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  • 29
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    State dependency of the equilibrium climate sensitivity during the last 5 million years (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 2015-04-12-2015-04-17Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 17, EGU2015-4520, 2015, Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: A still open question is how equilibrium warming in response to increasing radiative forcing (equilibrium climate sensitivity S) is depending on background climate. We here bring paleo-data based evidence on the state-dependency of S by using CO2 proxy data together with model-based reconstruction of land ice albedo over the last 5 million years. We find that the land-ice albedo forcing depends non-linearly on the background climate, while any non-linearity of CO2 radiative forcings depends on the CO2 data set used. Over the last 2 million years the combined S_[CO2,LI] from CO2 and land-ice albedo forcing is state-dependent and during interglacials at least twice as high as during glacials, thus CO2 doubling leads to an interglacial warming of 5 K. In the Pliocene data uncertainties prevents a well-supported calculation, but our analysis suggests that S_[CO2,LI] during a land-ice free northern hemisphere was smaller than during interglacials of the Pleistocene.
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  • 30
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    Thermal processes of thermokarst lakes in the continuous permafrost zone of northern Siberia – observations and modeling (Lena River Delta, Siberia) (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, Copernicus, 12(20), pp. 5941-5965, ISSN: 1726-4189
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-19
    Beschreibung: Thermokarst lakes are typical features of the northern permafrost ecosystems, and play an important role in the thermal exchange between atmosphere and subsurface. The objective of this study is to describe the main thermal processes of the lakes and to quantify the heat exchange with the underlying sediments. The thermal regimes of five lakes located within the continuous permafrost zone of northern Siberia (Lena River Delta) were investigated using hourly water temperature and water level records covering a 3-year period (2009–2012), together with bathymetric survey data. The lakes included thermokarst lakes located on Holocene river terraces that may be connected to Lena River water during spring flooding, and a thermokarst lake located on deposits of the Pleistocene Ice Complex. Lakes were covered by ice up to 2 m thick that persisted for more than 7 months of the year, from October until about mid-June. Lake-bottom temperatures increased at the start of the ice-covered period due to upward-directed heat flux from the underlying thawed sediment. Prior to ice break-up, solar radiation effectively warmed the water beneath the ice cover and induced convective mixing. Ice break-up started at the beginning of June and lasted until the middle or end of June. Mixing occurred within the entire water column from the start of ice break-up and continued during the ice-free periods, as confirmed by the Wedderburn numbers, a quantitative measure of the balance between wind mixing and stratification that is important for describing the biogeochemical cycles of lakes. The lake thermal regime was modeled numerically using the FLake model. The model demonstrated good agreement with observations with regard to the mean lake temperature, with a good reproduction of the summer stratification during the ice-free period, but poor agreement during the ice-covered period. Modeled sensitivity to lake depth demonstrated that lakes in this climatic zone with mean depths 〉 5 m develop continuous stratification in summer for at least 1 month. The modeled vertical heat flux across the bottom sediment tends towards an annual mean of zero, with maximum downward fluxes of about 5 W m−2 in summer and with heat released back into the water column at a rate of less than 1 W m−2 during the ice-covered period. The lakes are shown to be efficient heat absorbers and effectively distribute the heat through mixing. Monthly bottom water temperatures during the ice-free period range up to 15 °C and are therefore higher than the associated monthly air or ground temperatures in the surrounding frozen permafrost landscape. The investigated lakes remain unfrozen at depth, with mean annual lake-bottom temperatures of between 2.7 and 4 °C.
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  • 31
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    The gut microbiota of rural Papua New Guineans : composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes (2015)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Cell Reports 11 (2015): 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049.
    Beschreibung: Although recent research revealed an impact of westernization on diversity and composition of the human gut microbiota, the exact consequences on metacommunity characteristics are insufficiently understood, and the underlying ecological mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we have compared the fecal microbiota of adults from two non-industrialized regions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) with that of United States (US) residents. Papua New Guineans harbor communities with greater bacterial diversity, lower inter-individual variation, vastly different abundance profiles, and bacterial lineages undetectable in US residents. A quantification of the ecological processes that govern community assembly identified bacterial dispersal as the dominant process that shapes the microbiome in PNG but not in the US. These findings suggest that the microbiome alterations detected in industrialized societies might arise from modern lifestyle factors limiting bacterial dispersal, which has implications for human health and the development of strategies aimed to redress the impact of westernization.
    Beschreibung: This study was partly funded by BioGaia AB. BioGaia had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. A portion of this research is part of the Microbiomes in Transition Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This research was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL, a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 32
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    The Capo Vaticano (Calabria) coastal terraces and the 1905 M7 earthquake: the geomorphological signature of regional uplift and coseismic slip in southern Italy (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The elevation of the Capo Vaticano coastal terraces (Tyrrhenian coast, central Calabria) is the result of a combination of regional uplift and repeated coseismic displacement. We subtract the regional uplift from the total uplift (maximum average uplift rates: 0.81–0.97 mm a)1 since c. 0.7 Ma) and obtain the residual fault-related displacement. Then, we model the residual displacement to provide constraints on the location and geometry of the seismogenic source of the 1905 M7 earthquake, the strongest – and still poorly understood – earthquake of the instrumental era in this area. We try four different potential sources for the dislocation modelling and find that (1) three sources are not compatible with the displacement observed along the terraces and (2) the only source consistent with the local deformation is the 100 - striking Coccorino Fault. We calculate average long-term vertical slip rates of 0.2–0.3 mm a)1 on the Coccorino Fault and estimate an average recurrence time of one millennium for a 1905-type earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 378-389
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): 1905 earthquake ; marine terraces ; coseismic displacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
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  • 33
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    Accounting for source effects in the ShakeMap procedure: the 2000 Tottori and the 2008 Miyagi earthquakes (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Real-time seismology has made significant improvements in recent years, with source parameters now available within a few tens of minutes after an earthquake. It is likely that this time will be further reduced, in the near future, by means of increased efficiency in real-time transmission,increasingdatacoverageandimprovementofthemethodologies.Inthiscontext, together with the development of new ground motion predictive equations (GMPEs) that are abletoaccountforsourcecomplexity,thegenerationofstronggroundmotionshakingmapsin quasi-real time has become ever more feasible after the occurrence of a damaging earthquake. However, GMPEs may not reproduce reliably the ground motion in the near-source region where the finite fault parameters have a strong influence on the shaking. Inthispaperwetestwhetheraccountingforsource-relatedeffectsiseffectiveinbettercharacterizingthegroundmotion.WeintroduceamodificationoftheGMPEswithintheShakeMap softwarepackage,andsubsequentlytesttheaccuracyofthenewlygeneratedshakemapsinpredictingthegroundmotion.ThetestisconductedbycontrollingtheperformanceofShakeMap as we decrease the amount of the available information. We then update ShakeMap with the GMPE modified with a corrective factor accounting for source effects, in order to better constrain these effects that likely influence the level of (near-source) ground shaking. Weinvestigatetwowell-recordedearthquakesfromJapan(the2000Tottori, Mw 6.6,andthe 2008 Iwate-Miyagi, Mw7.0, events) where the instrumental coverage is as dense as needed to ensure an objective appraisal of the results. The results demonstrate that the corrected GMPE can capture only some aspects of the ground shaking in the near-source area, neglecting other multidimensional effects, such as propagation effects and local site amplification.
    Beschreibung: Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile(DPC)under the contract 2007–2009 DPC-INGVS3project
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1836-1848
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ground motions ; Earthquake source observation ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 34
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    How fast was the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal? A new subcentennial record from the Sulmona Basin, central Italy (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A recent study of the Matuyama–Brunhes (M-B) geomagnetic field reversal recorded in exposed lacustrine sediments from the Sulmona Basin (Italy) provided a continuous, highresolution record indicating that the reversal of the field direction at the terminus of the M-B boundary (MBB) occurred in less than a century, about 786 ka ago. In the sediment, thin (4–6 cm) remagnetized horizons were recognized above two distinct tephra layers—SUL2- 19 and SUL2-20—that occur ∼25 and ∼35 cm below the MBB, respectively. Also, a faint, millimetre-thick tephra (SUL2-18) occurs 2–3 cm above the MBB.With the aim of improving the temporal resolution of the previous Sulmona MBB record and understanding the possible influence of cryptotephra on the M-B record in the Sulmona Basin,we performed more detailed sampling and analyses of overlapping standard and smaller samples from a 50 cm-long block that spans the MBB. The new data indicate that (i) the MBB is even sharper than previously reported and occurs ∼2.5 cm below tephra SUL2-18, in agreement with the previous study; (ii) the MBB coincides with the rise of an intensity peak of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity, which extends across SUL2-18; (iii) except for a 2-cm-thick interval just above tephra SUL2-18, the rock magnetic parameters (k, ARM, Mr, Ms, Bc, Bcr) indicate exactly the same magnetic mineralogy throughout the sampled sequence. We conclude that either SUL2-18 resulted in the remagnetization of an interval of about 6 cm (i.e. during the NRM intensity peak spanning ∼260 ± 110 yr, according to the estimated local sedimentation rate), and thus the detailed MBB record is lost because it is overprinted, or the MBB is well recorded, occurred abruptly about 2.5 cm below SUL2-18 and lasted less than 13 ± 6 yr. Both hypotheses challenge our understanding of the geomagnetic field behaviour during a polarity transition and/or of the NRM acquisition process in the Sulmona lacustrine sediment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 798-812
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Palaeomagnetic secular variation; Rapid time variations; Reversals: process, time scale, magnetostratigraphy; Rock and mineral magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 35
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    Identifying deformation mechanisms in the NEEM ice core using EBSD measurements (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 2015-04-13-2015-04-17Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-11
    Beschreibung: Deformation of ice in continental sized ice sheets determines the flow behavior of ice towards the sea. Basal dislocation glide is assumed to be the dominant deformation mechanism in the creep deformation of natural ice, but non-basal glide is active as well. Knowledge of what types of deformation mechanisms are active in polar ice is critical in predicting the response of ice sheets in future warmer climates and its contribution to sea level rise, because the activity of deformation mechanisms depends critically on deformation conditions (such as temperature) as well as on the material properties (such as grain size). One of the methods to study the deformation mechanisms in natural materials is Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). We obtained ca. 50 EBSD maps of five different depths from a Greenlandic ice core (NEEM). The step size varied between 8 and 25 micron depending on the size of the deformation features. The size of the maps varied from 2000 to 10000 grid point. Indexing rates were up to 95%, partially by saving and reanalyzing the EBSP patterns. With this method we can characterize subgrain boundaries and determine the lattice rotation configurations of each individual subgrain. Combining these observations with arrangement/geometry of subgrain boundaries the dislocation types can be determined, which form these boundaries. Three main types of subgrain boundaries have been recognized in Antarctic (EDML) ice core (Weikusat et al. 2010, 2011). Here, we present the first results obtained from EBSD measurements performed on the NEEM ice core samples from the last glacial period, focusing on the relevance of dislocation activity of the possible slip systems. Preliminary results show that all three subgrain types, recognized in the EDML core, occur in the NEEM samples. In addition to the classical boundaries made up of basal dislocations, subgrain boundaries made of non-basal dislocations are also common.
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  • 36
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    Computational analysis of dynamic recrystallization of ice aggregates during viscoplastic deformation (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 2015-04-13-2015-04-17Vienna, Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-11
    Beschreibung: Ice is a common mineral at the Earth’s surface. How much ice is stored in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets depends on its mechanical properties. Therefore properties of ice directly impact on human society through its role in controlling sea level. The bulk behaviour of large ice masses is the result of the behaviour of the ensemble of individual ice grains. This is strongly influenced by the viscoplastic anisotropy of these grains and their lattice orientation. Numerical modelling provides a better insight into the mechanics of ice from the micro to the ice sheet scale. We present numerical simulations that predict the microstructural evolution of an aggregate of pure ice grains at different strain rates. We simulate co-axial deformation and dynamic recrystallization up to large strain using a full-field approach. The crystal plasticity code (Lebensohn et al., 2009) is used to calculate the response of a polycrystalline aggregate that deforms by purely dislocation glide, applying a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This code is coupled with the ELLE microstructural modelling platform to include intracrystalline recovery, as well as grain boundary migration driven by the reduction of surface and strain energies. The results show a strong effect of recrystallization on the final microstructure, producing larger and more equiaxed grains, with smooth boundaries. This effect does not significantly modify the single-maximum pattern of c-axes that are distributed at a low angle to the shortening direction. However, in experiments with significant recrystallization the a-axes rotate towards the elongation axis at the same time as the c-axes rotate towards the compression axis. If slip systems on prismatic and/or pyramidal planes are active, it is thought that a-axes gradually concentrate with depth (Miyamoto, 2005). The bulk activity of the slip systems is different depending on the relative activity of deformation versus recrystallization: the non-basal slip systems are more active at high strain in experiments with dynamic recrystallization compared to those experiments with low recrystallization activity.
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  • 37
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    Numerical modelling of polyphase deformation and recrystallization in polar firn and ice (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 2015-04-13-2015-04-17Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-11
    Beschreibung: The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica contain a significant amount of air within their upper approximately thousand meters and air hydrates below. While this air is still in exchange with the atmosphere in the permeable firn, the gas is entrapped at the firn-ice transition at 60 – 120 m depth. Understanding the dominant deformation mechanisms is essential to interpret paleo-atmosphere records and to allow a more realistic model of ice sheet dynamics. Recent research shows how the presence of air bubbles can significantly influence microdynamical processes such as grain growth and grain boundary migration (Azuma et al., 2012, Roessiger et al., 2014). Therefore, numerical modelling was performed focussing on the mechanical properties of ice with air inclusions and the implications of the presence of bubbles on recrystallisation. The full-field crystal plasticity code of Lebensohn (2001), using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), was coupled to the 2D numerical microstructural modelling platform Elle, following the approach by Griera et al. (2013), and used to simulate dynamic recrystallization of pure ice (Montagnat et al., 2013). FFT calculates the viscoplastic response of polycrystalline and polyphase materials that deform by dislocation glide, takes into account the mechanical anisotropy of ice and calculates dislocation densities using the local gradient of the strain-rate field. Incorporating a code for polyphase grain boundary migration driven by surface and internal strain energy reduction, based on the methodology of Becker et al. (2008) and Roessiger et al. (2014), now also enables us to model deformation of ice with air bubbles. The presence of bubbles leads to an increase in strain localization, which reduces the bulk strength of the bubbly ice. In the absence of dynamic recrystallisation, air bubbles quickly collapse at low strains and spherical to elliptical bubble shapes are only maintained when recrystallisation is activated. Our modelling confirms that strain-induced grain boundary migration already occurs in the uppermost levels of ice sheets (Kipfstuhl et al. 2009, Weikusat et al. 2009).
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  • 38
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    Raman tomography of natural air hydrates (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 2015-04-12-2015-04-17Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-11
    Beschreibung: Ice cores are the only climate archives incorporating paleo-atmosphere as individual gas inclusions, enabling the extraction and analysis of the contained gasses. A firm understanding of the processes involved is mandatory for a reliable interpretation of the gas records. One prominent process is the transition from air bubbles to crystalline air hydrates, which is known to influence, at least temporarily, the gas mixing ratios by diffusion and fractionation. This transition is still not understood completely and the existing theories do not explain the large diversity of observed hydrate morphologies. Raman tomographic measurements using the AWI cryo-Raman system provide 3D reconstructions of air hydrate morphologies. The results show complex growth structures that emphasize the importance of crystallography, microstructure and ice rheology for the hydrate formation process. Accurate hydrate volumes can be calculated from the 3D objects, improving the estimates of total gas contents.
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  • 39
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    Non-linear regime shifts in Holocene Asian monsoon variability: potential impacts on cultural change and migratory patterns (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus, (11), pp. 709-741
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-11
    Beschreibung: The Asian monsoon system is an important tipping element in Earth's climate with a large impact on human societies in the past and present. In light of the potentially severe impacts of present and future anthropogenic climate change on Asian hydrology, it is vital to understand the forcing mechanisms of past climatic regime shifts in the Asian monsoon domain. Here we use novel recurrence network analysis techniques for detecting episodes with pronounced non-linear changes in Holocene Asian monsoon dynamics recorded in speleothems from caves distributed throughout the major branches of the Asian monsoon system. A newly developed multi-proxy methodology explicitly considers dating uncertainties with the COPRA (COnstructing Proxy Records from Age models) approach and allows for detection of continental-scale regime shifts in the complexity of monsoon dynamics. Several epochs are characterised by non-linear regime shifts in Asian monsoon variability, including the periods around 8.5–7.9, 5.7–5.0, 4.1–3.7, and 3.0–2.4 ka BP. The timing of these regime shifts is consistent with known episodes of Holocene rapid climate change (RCC) and high-latitude Bond events. Additionally, we observe a previously rarely reported non-linear regime shift around 7.3 ka BP, a timing that matches the typical 1.0–1.5 ky return intervals of Bond events. A detailed review of previously suggested links between Holocene climatic changes in the Asian monsoon domain and the archaeological record indicates that, in addition to previously considered longer-term changes in mean monsoon intensity and other climatic parameters, regime shifts in monsoon complexity might have played an important role as drivers of migration, pronounced cultural changes, and the collapse of ancient human societies.
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  • 40
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    Unbekannt
    Detecting methane ebullition on thermokarst lake ice using high resolution optical aerial imagery (2015)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences Discussions, Copernicus, 12(10), pp. 7449-7490, ISSN: 1810-6285
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-28
    Beschreibung: Thermokarst lakes are important emitters of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. However, accurate estimation of methane flux from thermokarst lakes is difficult due to their remoteness and observational challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of ebullition (bubbling). We used multi-temporal high-resolution (9–11 cm) aerial images of an interior Alaskan thermokarst lake, Goldstream Lake, acquired 2 and 4 days following freeze-up in 2011 and 2012, respectively, to characterize methane ebullition seeps and to estimate whole-lake ebullition. Bubbles impeded by the lake ice sheet form distinct white patches as a function of bubbling rate vs. time as ice thickens. Our aerial imagery thus captured in a single snapshot the ebullition events that occurred before the image acquisition. Image analysis showed that low-flux A- and B-type seeps are associated with low brightness patches and are statistically distinct from high-flux C-type and Hotspot seeps associated with high brightness patches. Mean whole-lake ebullition based on optical image analysis in combination with bubble-trap flux measurements was estimated to be 174 ± 28 and 216 ± 33 mL gas m−2 d−1 for the years 2011 and 2012, respectively. A large number of seeps demonstrated spatio-temporal stability over our two-year study period. A strong inverse exponential relationship (R2 ≥ 0.79) was found between percent surface area of lake ice covered with bubble patches and distance from the active thermokarst lake margin. Our study shows that optical remote sensing is a powerful tool to map ebullition seeps on lake ice, to identify their relative strength of ebullition and to assess their spatio-temporal variability.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
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    Source modelling of the M5-6 Emilia-Romagna, Italy, earthquakes (May 20-29, 2012) (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-11-25
    Beschreibung: On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 6.1 and 5.9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with Mw ? 5.0, all at shallow depths (about 7–9 km), with similar WNW–ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW. Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0.2–0.4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate Mw = 6.3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1658-1672
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake dynamics ; Earthquake source observations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 42
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    Unbekannt
    Spatial variability of volcanic features in early-stage rift settings: the case of the Tanzania Divergence, East African rift system (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: Close relationships between deformation and volcanism are well documented in relatively late evolutionary stages of con- tinental rifting, whereas these are poorly constrained in less mature rifting stages. To investigate the control of inherited structures on faulting and volcanism, we present a statistical analysis of volcanic features, faults and pre-rift fabric in the Tanzania Divergence, where volcanic features occur exten- sively in in-rift and off-rift areas. Our results show that in mature rift sectors (Natron), magma uprising is mostly con- trolled by fractures/faults responding to the far-field stress, whereas the distribution of volcanism during initial rifting (Eyasi) is controlled by inherited structures oblique to the regional extension direction. Off-rift sectors show a marked control of pre-rift structures on magma emplacement, which may not respond to the regional stress field. Thus, the use of off-rift magmatic features as stress indicators should take into account the role of pre-existing structures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 461-468
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): East Africa Rift System, Tanzania-Kenia, structures and volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 43
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    Unbekannt
    Abrasive notches along the Atlantic Patagonian coast and their potential use as sea level markers: the case of Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-10
    Beschreibung: Patagonia Argentina is a key area for the study of sea level changes in the southern hemisphere, but the availability of reliable sea level markers in this area is still problematic. In fact the storm deposits (beach ridge) commonly used here to reconstruct past sea level oscillations introduce a wide error. Along the Puerto Deseado coast (Santa Cruz), morphometric analyses of 11 features were carried out using traditional measurement tools and a digital software-based method (tested on one selected feature) with the aim to investigate the possibility of their use as sea level markers. By undertaking accurate topographic profiles we identified the relationship between notches and current sea level. In detail, we identified two clusters of notch retreat point elevations, with a very low internal variability. The lower was located a little below the mean high tide level (mHT) and the upper located at least 0.5m above the maximum high tide level (MHT). Field observations of tidal levels and the position of notches suggest that the lower notches are active and the upper are inactive. This study on the abrasive notches attests their quality as sea level markers and opens up the use of fossil abrasive notches as palaeo sea level markers because the error linked to these features is substantially smaller than that introduced by beach ridges commonly used in the study area
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1550 – 1558
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): notch; rocky coast; sea level marker; Patagonia; Argentina ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 44
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    Seismic structure beneath the Gulf of California: a contribution from group velocity measurements (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-14
    Beschreibung: Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion measurements from local and regional earthquakes are used to interpret the lithospheric structure in the Gulf of California region. We compute group velocity maps for Rayleigh waves from 10 to 150 s using earthquakes recorded by broadband stations of the Network of Autonomously Recording Seismographs in Baja California and Mexico mainland, UNM in Mexico, BOR, DPP and GOR in southern California and TUC in Arizona. The study area is gridded in 120 longitude cells by 180 latitude cells, with an equal spacing of 10 × 10 km. Assuming that each gridpoint is laterally homogeneous, for each period the tomographic maps are inverted to produce a 3-D lithospheric shear wave velocity model for the region. Near the Gulf of California rift axis, we found three prominent low shear wave velocity regions, which are associated with mantle upwelling near the Cerro Prieto volcanic field, the Ballenas Transform Fault and the East Pacific Rise. Upwelling of the mantle at lithospheric and asthenospheric depths characterizes most of the Gulf. This more detailed finding is new when compared to previous surface wave studies in the region. A low-velocity zone in northcentral Baja at ∼28oN which extends east–south–eastwards is interpreted as an asthenospheric window. In addition, we also identify a well-defined high-velocity zone in the upper mantle beneath central-western Baja California, which correlates with the previously interpreted location of the stalled Guadalupe and Magdalena microplates. We interpret locations of the fossil slab and slab window in light of the distribution of unique post-subduction volcanic rocks in the Gulf of California and Baja California.We also observe a high-velocity anomaly at 50-km depth extending down to ∼130 km near the southwestern Baja coastline and beneath Baja, which may represent another remnant of the Farallon slab.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1861-1877
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): surface waves ; seismic tomography ; dynamics of lithosphere and mantle ; crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 45
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    Unbekannt
    Measuring the north-south coseismic displacement component with high-resolution multi aperture InSAR (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: Earthquake source inversions based on space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) are used extensively. Typically, however, only the line-of-sight (LoS) surface displacement component is measured, which is mainly sensitive to the vertical and E–W deformations, although well-established methods also exist to estimate the flight-path component, which is highly sensitive to the N–S displacement. With high-resolution sensors, these techniques are particularly appealing, because accuracies in the order of 3 cm can be achieved, while retaining spatial resolutions between 45 m and a few km, depending on the required level of filtering. We discuss the application to COSMO-SkyMed SAR imagery of the Spectral Diversity or Multi Aperture Interferometry technique, presenting the first SAR flight-path displacement field associated with the Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila event (central Apennines). Finally, we observe and characterize a previously unknown misregistration pattern.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 28-35
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal Deformation ; Multi Aperture Interferometry MAI ; InSAR ; L'Aquila Earthquake ; Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
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    3D displacement maps of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (Italy) by applying the SISTEM method to GPS and DiNSAR data (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: We present an application of the novel SISTEM approach, to obtain the dense 3D ground deformation pattern produced by the April 6, 2009, Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake. This event, characterized by a SW-dipping normal fault with thousands of foreshocks and aftershocks located in the depth range 5–15 km, is the most destructive to have struck the Abruzzo region since the major 1703 seismic sequence. The surface deformation, revealed by the SISTEM through the integration of GPS with interferometric measurements from the ENVISAT and ALOS satellites, shows a deformed area extending towards SE along the Aterno valley, in agreement with seismological and other geodetic observations. We inverted the SISTEM results using an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm, providing an accurate spatial characterization of ground deformation. Our results improve previous kinematic solutions for the Paganica fault and allow identification of additional faults that have contributed to the observed complex ground deformation pattern.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 79-85
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): L'Aquila earthquake, SISTEM, GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 47
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    Unbekannt
    Modelling secondary microseismic noise by normal mode summation (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Secondary microseisms recorded by seismic stations are generated in the ocean by the interaction of ocean gravity waves.We present here the theory for modelling secondary microseismic noise by normal mode summation.We show that the noise sources can be modelled by vertical forces and how to derive them from a realistic ocean wave model. We then show how to compute bathymetry excitation effect in a realistic earth model by using normal modes and a comparison with Longuet–Higgins approach. The strongest excitation areas in the oceans depends on the bathymetry and period and are different for each seismic mode. Seismic noise is then modelled by normal mode summation considering varying bathymetry. We derive an attenuation model that enables to fit well the vertical component spectra whatever the station location. We show that the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves is the dominant signal in seismic noise. There is a discrepancy between real and synthetic spectra on the horizontal components that enables to estimate the amount of Love waves for which a different source mechanism is needed. Finally, we investigate noise generated in all the oceans around Africa and show that most of noise recorded in Algeria (TAM station) is generated in the Northern Atlantic and that there is a seasonal variability of the contribution of each ocean and sea.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1732-1745
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Surface waves and free oscillations ; Seismic attenuation ; Theoretical seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 48
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    Modelling the ocean site effect on seismic noise body waves (2015)
    Oxford University Press | Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Secondary microseismic noise is generated by non-linear interactions between ocean waves at the ocean surface. We present here the theory for computing the site effect of the ocean layer upon body waves generated by noise sources distributed along the ocean surface. By defining the wavefield as the superposition of plane waves, we show that the ocean site effect can be described as the constructive interference of multiply reflected P waves in the ocean that are then converted to either P or SV waves at the ocean–crust interface. We observe that the site effect varies strongly with period and ocean depth, although in a different way for body waves than for Rayleigh waves. We also show that the ocean site effect is stronger for P waves than for S waves. We validate our computation by comparing the theoretical noise body wave sources with the sources inferred from beamforming analysis of the three seismogram components recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network. We use rotated traces for the beamforming analysis, and we show that we clearly detect P waves generated by ocean gravity wave interactions along the track of typhoon Ioke (2006 September). We do not detect the corresponding SV waves, and we demonstrate that this is because their amplitude is too weak.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1096-1106
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Body waves ; Site effects ; Theoretical Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 49
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    Seismic response of a deep continental basin including velocity inversion: the Sulmona intramontane basin (Central Apennines, Italy) (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: The Sulmona plain (central Italy) is an intramontane basin of the Abruzzi Apennines that is known in the literature for its high seismic hazard. We use extensive measurements of ambient noise to map the fundamental frequency and to detect the presence of geological heterogeneities in the basin. We perform noise measurements along two basin-scale orthogonal transects, in conjunction with 2-D array experiments in specific key areas. The key areas are located in different positions with respect to the basin margins: one at the eastern boundary (fault-controlled basin margin) and one in the deepest part of the basin. We also collect independent data by using active seismic experiments (MASW), down-hole and geological surveys to characterize the near-surface geology of the investigated sites. In detail, the H/V noise spectral ratios and 2-D array techniques indicate a fundamental resonance (f0) in the low-frequency range (0.35–0.4 Hz) in the Sulmona Basin. Additionally, our results highlight the important role that is played by the alluvial fans near the edge-sectors of the basin, which are responsible for a velocity inversion in the uppermost layering of the soil profile. The H/V ratios and the dispersion curves of adjacent measurements strongly vary over a few dozens of meters in the alluvial fan area. Furthermore, we perform 1-D numerical simulations that are based on a linear-equivalent approach to estimate the site response in the key areas, using realistic seismic inputs. Finally, we perform a 2-D simulation that is based on the spectral element method to propagate surface waves in a simple model with an uppermost stiff layer, which is responsible for the velocity inversion. The results from the 2-D modelling agree with the experimental curves, showing deamplified H/V curves and typical shapes of dispersion curves of a not normally dispersive site.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 418-439
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier analysis, Earthquake ground motions, Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240101
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades von Katalysatoren für Gasreaktionen (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, die wirksame Oberfläche eines Katalysators ohne Behinderung des Gastransportes zu erhöhen durch Aufbringen des katalysierenden Stoffes in Pulverform auf impräginerte Körner ohne Beimischung eines Bindemittels und ohne mechanischen Druck. Die Katalysatoren sind schüttfest. Sechs Beispiele mit vergleichenden Versuchen an großtechnisch wichtigen Prozessen zeigen eine um ein Vielfaches erhöhte Ausbeute.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240102
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Grundsätzliches und Neues über die ZerstäubungstrocknungBei der Hauptversammlung des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure in der Sektion für Lebensmitteltechnik am 2. August 1951 in Hannover vorgetragen. (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Das Aufzeigen der Merkmale im Aufbau von Zerstäubungstrocknern führt zu einer Betrachtung der Abmessungen der Teilchen, aus denen das Trockenpulver besteht. Mikroaufnahmen lassen die verschiedenen Einflüsse auf die Teilchengröße erkennen. Letztere legt ihreseits die Größe der Wärmeund Stoffaustauschzahlen fest. Das Hauptergebnis dieser theoretischen Untersuchungen ist die Trockenzeit. Je nach Teilchenabmessung schwankt sie zwischen Bruchteilen und einer Vielzahl von Sekunden. Auch der Betriebsmittelverbrauch wird untersucht; es wird gezeigt, wie der Wärmeverbrauch erniedrigt werden kann.
    Zusätzliches Material: 26 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240103
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enthalpie-Konzentrations-Diagramm des Systems Wasser-Schwefelsäure-Schwefeltrioxyd (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 22-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In den bis jetzt in der amerikanischen Literatur veröffentlichten beiden Enthalpie - Diagrammen wird nicht das metrische Maßsystem angewendet oder sie umfassen nicht das ganze Gebiet des Systems Wasser-Schwefelsäure-Schwefeltrioxyd. Außerdem ist die Genauigkeit der Enthalpiewerte schwer zu beurteilen, da die Verfasser die Auswertung der experimentellen Daten nicht erklären. Im folgenden wird nun über die Berechnung und Konstruktion eines Enthalpie-Diagramms im metrischen Maßsystem über das gesamte Gebiet des Systems ausführlich berichtet, und Fehlergrenzen werden angegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240106
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Versammlungsberichte (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240108
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Umschau (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240109
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neue für die Technik geeignete Dispersoid-AnalysenmethodenVortrag gehalten auf der Informations-Tagung der DECHEMA und des VDI-Fachausschusses für Verfahrenstechnik, Frankfurt a. M., 1951. Es ist beabsichtigt, die Arbeiten der drei Autoren ausführlich in den Dechema-Monographien zu veröffentlichen. (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Es wird über die Arbeiten dreier Autoren berichtet, die möglichst einfache Formen der Dispersoidanalyse für technische Zwecke entwickelt haben. Zwei Arbeiten befassen sich mit der Verbesserung oder Vereinfachung bekannter Methoden, die auf der Sedimentation von Dispersoiden in Flüssigkeiten bzw. der Messung der Durchlässigkeit des aufgehäuften Materials beruhen. Die dritte Arbeit benutzt die Dispersion des Lichts in Abhängigkeit von der Teilchengröße, den sog. Mie-Effekt, und verspricht bei Einsatz entsprechender optischer Mittel eine fast augenblickliche Messung, die auch die Bildung oder Veränderung von Dispersionen zu verfolgen gestatten würde.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240107
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unfallverhütung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 41-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240110
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neue Bücher (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240111
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die industrielle Bedeutung der Radio-Isotopen (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 45-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240112
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Schweiz als Chemieerzeuger (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240113
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    „Stoffschutz“ für Pharmazeutika in Frankreich (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240114
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vorschlag für eine Nomenklatur von Verfahren, in denen gekörntes Gut von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten durchströmt wird (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 58-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240203
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Grundlagen der Wirbelschichtverfahren (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 60-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Es wird an Hand von Photographien ein Überblick über das Verhalten von mit Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten aufgeströmten, gekörnten Schüttgütern gegeben. Auf Grund der vorliegenden Literatur und eigener Arbeiten werden quantitative Angaben gemacht über die Größe des Druckabfalles in Wirbelschichten, die minimalen und maximalen Geschwindigkeiten, bei denen eine Wirbelschicht noch beständig ist, und über die Schichtausdehnung infolge der Wirbelbewegung des gekörnten Gutes. Weitere Angaben folgen über die Viscosität in Wirbelschichten, den Böschungswinkel sowie den Stoff- und Wärmetransport, den Abrieb des wirbelnden Kornmaterials, die Erosion der Apparatewände sowie über chemische Umsetzungen in Wirbelschichten.
    Zusätzliches Material: 35 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240204
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strömungsformen und Wärmeübertragung in von Luft aufgewirbelten SchüttgutschichtenDie Untersuchungen wurden durch finanzielle Unterstützung der Ruhrgas AG., Essen, ermöglicht. (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 82-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Aufströmungseigenschaften und hydrodynamische Zustände mit Luft aufgewirbelter Partikelschichten untersucht. Anschliεßend wird eine Versuchsanordnung und Methode für Wärmeübergangs-Messungen in solchen Schichten im Vergleich zu ruhenden Schüttungen behandelt und eine Deutung der Versuchsergebnisse gegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240205
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Einiges über die Winkler-Patente und ihre Erwirkung beim Reichspatentamt (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 92-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Es wird die Formulierung des Winkler-Verfahrens in deutschen und amerikanischen Patentschriften erörtert, wobei wesentlich ist, daß die Vergasung in einer bewegten Schicht stattfindet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240206
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Winklersche Wirbelschichttechnik (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Eine Schicht von losem, feinkörnigem Schüttgut läßt sich in einem Behälter durch eine richtig dosierte Gasströmung in einen beweglichen Zustand versetzen. Die Schicht verhält sich dann ähnlich wie eine Flüssigkeit. Es werden Untersuchungen und Verfahren beschrieben, denen das Prinzip der Wirbelschicht zugrunde liegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240207
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Umschau (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240210
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weiterentwicklung des Spiralwindsichters (Wirbelsichters) (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Aus dem bei der Badischen Anilin-& Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen, entwickelten Spiralwindsichter entstand durch die Einführung rotierender Sichtraumwände, einer sich automatisch der Trenngrenze anpassenden Grobgutspülung und nach sorgfältiger konstruktiver Durcharbeitung eine betriebsreife Maschine. Bei dieser Entwicklung wurden neue Erkenntnisse über die Definition der Korngröße und das Ansatzverhalten von Feinstäuben gewonnen. Die vermutliche Weiterentwicklung wird abschließend skizziert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240302
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Grundlagen einer wirtschaftlichen Gestaltung von WärmeübertragernErweiterte Wiedergabe eines Vortrags, den der Verfasser am 12. April 1951 in München vor. dem Arbeitsausschuß „Wärmeaustauscher und Verdampfer“ des VDI-Fachausschusses f. Verfahrenstechnik gehalten hat; vgl. den Tagungsbericht in dieser Ztschr. 23, 383/84 [1951]. (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Den zahlreichen Vorschlägen zur wirtschaftlichen Bewertung von Wärmeübertragern wird die Anregung entgegengestellt, die Kosten für den Gesamtaufwand an Rohrlänge zur wichtigsten Grundlage einer wirtschaftlichen Bewertung verschiedener Gestaltungen zu machen. Die Vergleiche werden für Längsstrom in Rohren und für Querstrom durch Rohrbündel mit Einschluß berippter Rohre in einheitlicher und systematischer Weise durchgeführt. Besonders bei niedrigen Re-Zahlen erweisen sich Querstrom-Anordnungen mit engen Rohrabständen als wirtschaftlich überlegen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240304
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Staubfilter für rotierende Vakuumölpumpen (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Um die Betriebssicherheit und Lebensdauer von Vakuumpumpen zu erhöhen, kann ein Staubfilter vorgeschaltet werden. Hierfür lassen sich ein U-Rohrfilter bzw. ein Öl-Umlauffilter, die mit trockenen bzw. ölbenetzten Raschig-Ringen gefüllt sind, verwenden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240310
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Versammlungsberichte (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 160-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240312
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Normung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 165-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240314
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparat zur raschen Umzeichnung von Photometerkurven in Schwärzungskurven (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 158-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Bei der Auswertung photographisch aufgenommener Spektren sowie der intensitätsmäßigen Auswertung von Röntgenaufnahmen, speziell von Faseraufnahmen und diffusen Streukurven, muß man die vom Registrierphotometer gelieferte Kurve auf Intensität bzw. Schwärzung umwerten. Es wird ein aus einfachen Mitteln herstellbarer Apparat angegeben, der dies mechanisch ausführt und sich gut bewährt hat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240311
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Umschau (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240313
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neue Bücher (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240316
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unfallverhütung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240315
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Das Kohlendefizit in Westeuropa (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 169-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240317
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die technische Hilfeleistung der UdSSR (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 169-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240318
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Krilium, ein Mittel zur Bodenverbesserung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 170-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240319
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Griesheim-Autogen und Werksgruppe Sauerstoff (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240321
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Normung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 220-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240409
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Umschau (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240408
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Versammlungsberichte (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240407
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unfallverhütung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 221-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240410
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Literatur (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 234-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240416
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Der Entwurf des Gesetzes über Erfindungen von Arbeitnehmern und Beamten (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240414
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technische und wirtschaftliche Möglichkeiten der Kohlenoxyd-Hydrierung (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Berichtet wird über wesentliche Fortschritte der Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese mit festangeordnetem Katalysator. Die Entwicklung hochaktiver Eisen-Katalysatoren und Aufklärung wichtiger Fragen der Reaktionskinetik und des Wärmetransportes in den Reaktoren ermöglichte erhebliche Erhöhung der Ausbeute und Qualität der Produkte und technische Verbesserung der Synthese-Anlagen, so daß die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Fischer-Tropsch-Prozesses unter sehr verschiedenartigen Bedingungen gegeben ist. Erstmalig werden zusammenfassende Mitteilungen über die Qualität der aus diesen Produkten von der Ruhrchemie großtechnisch hergestellten synthetischen Schmieröle gemacht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240502
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Schwingungstechnik in der chemischen Industrie (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 262-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Die Schwingungstechnik hat in den letzten Jahren auch in der chemischen Industrie ständig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Einmal ergaben sich in vorhandenen Anlagen bei Erweiterungen Schwierigkeiten, so daß man auf neue Erkenntnisse der Schwingungstechnik angewiesen war, zum anderen aber wollte man auch bei Neuplanungen die Vorteile schwingungstechnischer Gründung von Maschinen von vornherein ausnutzen. Im folgenden wird eine Übersicht gegeben über die sich bietenden Probleme und deren praktische Lösungen, wie sie mit Erfolg bereits verwirklicht sind oder z. Zt. verwirklicht werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240505
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zur Physik der Pulverdispersoide (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Im folgenden werden die Grundzüge der Physik der Festkörper, soweit sie zum Verständnis der Pulverdispersoide notwendig sind, behandelt. Der Einfluß von mechanischem Zerkleinerungsgrad, Eigengewicht, Kristallstruktur und -oberfläche auf das Verhalten von Pulvern wird dargelegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240506
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Über die Technologie und Verfahrenstechnik der Herstellung von Antibiotika (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Am Beispiel des Penicillin wird die großtechnische Herstellung der Antibiotika behandelt. Besonderheiten, die sich für die Reinigung von Streptomycin und Aureomycin aus ihren chemischen Eigenschaften ergeben, werden berücksichtigt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240507
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lichtstarkes Meßverfahren für Sedimentations-, Elektrophorese- und Diffusionsversuche Ein Gerät zur Messung der Diffusionskonstanten (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Zur Untersuchung von Sedimentations-, Elektrophorese- und Diffusionsvorgängen wurde ein lichtstarkes Meßverfahren nach der Interferenzmethode entwickelt, das den Vorteil der hohen Lichtstärke einer Jaminschen Anordnung des Planparallelplatten - Interferometers gegenüber dem Doppelspalt-Interferometer voll ausnutzt, indem als optisches Zusatzglied zwei gewinkelte gleichdicke Planparallelplatten angefügt werden. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Diffusionskonstanten wird beschrieben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240508
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    50 Jahre Lech-Chemie (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 326-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240518
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neue Bücher (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240516
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Der Entwurf des Gesetzes über Erfindungen von Arbeitnehmern und Beamten. II (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 327-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240519
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brasiliens Chemiewirtschaft im Planausbau (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240517
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheologie und VerfahrenstechnikVortrag, im Auftrag des VDI-Fachausschusses Verfahrenstechnik (Arbeitsausschuß „Rheologie“), gehalten auf der DECHEMA-Informationstagung 1951. (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In der Verfahrenstechnik spielen rheologische Einflüsse eine bedeutende Rolle. An Beispielen aus der Reyon- und Zellwollindustrie wird gezeigt, daß u. a. die Spinnlösung in den verschiedenen verfahrenstechnischen Stufen ein unterschiedliches Verhalten aufweist. Durch eine rheologische Betriebskontrolle können der Fabrikationsprozeß überwacht und Aussagen über die Qualität des Ausgangsproduktes und der Fertigprodukte gemacht werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240602
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240601
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zur Frage der Gasbildung in Gaserzeugern (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An Hand einiger Beispiele der Praxis wird Stellung genommen zur Frage, welche Faktoren bei bestimmten, mit etwa atmosphärischen Drucken betriebenen Gaserzeugertypen die Zusammensetzung der Vergasungsgase beeinflussen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240603
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elementarvorgänge der Verbrennung und Vergasung der Kohle (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Auf Grund neuerer experimenteller Ergebnisse englischer und russischer Autoren werden unter Heranziehung eigener reaktionskinetischer Untersuchungen die vermutlichen Elementarreaktionen der aus den Experimenten folgenden drei Reaktionsstufen der Kohleverbrennung Cfest + ½ O2 = CO; CO + ½ O2 = CO2; CO2 + Cfest = 2 CO aufgestellt. Es wird versucht, aus dem Elementarablauf die experimentellen Befunde abzuleiten und verständlich zu machen. Die Vorgänge bei der Vergasung der Kohle sowie Fragen der Energieverteilung zwischen Festkörper und Gas werden diskutiert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240605
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ofen zum Regenerieren von Kupferoxyd (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 24 (1952), S. 348-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Es wird ein Ofen beschrieben, der zum Ausglühen von Kupferoxyd für die Stickstoff-Bestimmung nach Dumas gebraucht wird, sich aber auch zum Ausglühen von körnigen Substanzen in beliebigem Gasstrom eignet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330240604
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