ALBERT

Description: The sedimentation regime off Northwest Africa is shaped by: (1) structur~al factors. which result in generallv low relief on land. shelf widths between 40 and more than 120 km. and av-erage sfope inclinations between 10 30' and 30; (2) land climates. which contral the delivery of terrigenous particles to the margin: (3) water movements including boundary currents and upwelling; and (4) the post- Pleistocene sea level rise. This chapter combines published and new results arising from research into the sedimentation processes off Northwest Africa. and emphasizes particularly the activities of the Kiel marine geological group during the past few years. Reviews of cruise activities and results were given in Closs et al. (1969) (Meteor cruise 8. 1967. off Morocco) . Seibold (1972) (Meteor cmise 25 . 1971. off Sahara to Central Senegal). Seibold and Hinz (1976) (Meteor cmise 39,1975 . and Valdivia cruise 10. 1975, from Morocco to South Senegal), and Waiden et al. (1974) (Meteor cmise 30, 1973, off Sierra Leone). Some of these cmises were used for pre- or post-site surveys for the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, or to add undisturbed Quaternary cores to the Glomar Challenger cores (leg 41, ] 975; Lancelot, et al .• 1978); leg 47 A, Arthur er al .• 1979; Lutze et al., 1979). We have concentrated our geological investigations on a number of standard profiles from the shelf to the upper continental rise as given in Figure 1. The manuscript was finished May 1979.

Description: During the I997-98 Italian Antarctic Programme (PNRA) summer season, two snow pits were dug 3km north-westward of the ltalian-French Dome C Station (East Antarctica, 75o 09'S, 123o 06'E, 3200m a.s.l.) and the EPICA project drilling site. These 4 m depth pits were done upwind of the station to avoid the risk of pollution. In the first pit, after cleaning of walls, a high resolution sampling was carried out for chemical (anions, cations, organic acids), stable isotope ( d 180 and d D), tritium and dust (concentration, size distribution, AI concentration) measurements. In the second pit, dug 50cm apart, visual stratigraphy was done. The concentration/depth profiles and any eventual correlation between chemical components were examined to obtain environmental information about primary and secondary aerosol sources, transport phenomena and any evidence of relevant trends in the temporal series of some components. Particular attention was spent on the relative contribution of sea spray components (Na+, Cl-, Mg2+) and substances from biogenic origin (nssSO42- and MSA) to atmospheric aerosol. Using Na+ and MSA as source tracers, fractionating phenomena induced variations of CI-/Na+ and nssSO42-/MSA ratios were valued. nssSO42-/MSA relationship with MSA reveals the importance of long range transport effects and the presence of other nssSO42- sources. Temporal data series for Ca2+, K+, No3-, F- and some short chain carboxylic acids are also reported. For almost all the components ng/g or sub-ng/g concentration levels were found, as expected for a station located at a very long distance from the most part of aerosol sources and at high altitude. Tritium analyses were carried out in order to identify the peak related to the thermonuclear tests performed in the atmosphere in the early sixties as a reference horizon for dating purpose. The seasonal signal in the stable isotopes was not observed due to the low accumulation of this site, but nevertheless the main trends were compared to other Antarctic sites and to temperature records available from the main East Antarctica automatic weather stations. The dust concentration, size distribution (Particles Counter) and AI (Atomic Absorption) measurements show records of continental influences on the Dome C insoluble aerosols. The very low annual accumulation rate, 3 to 3.5 cm (W.E.) and, probable, wind erosion are the main reasons of the absence of seasonal variations. Because of this limitation, of more interest is the correlation of the measured records with the visual stratigraphy. The main topics from these pits measurements can provide: 1) the sutdy of the last tens years of atmospheric deposition in the Dome C area, 2) define the atmosphere-snow transport processes, also on the comparison with EPICA ice core, 3) identification of primary and secondary sources at this site.

Description: Im grönländischen Inlandeis sind wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen optischen Eigenschaften Sommer- und Winterschichten visuell zu unterscheiden. Dies wurde zur Datierung u.a. des GISP2 Kerns bis etwa 50 000 BP in Kombination mit anderen Datierungsverfahren benutzt (ALLEY et al., 1997). 1996 setzte das Alfred-Wegener-Institut eine line-scan Kamera zur Dokumentation des NGRIP Eiskernes ein. Die aus diesen Aufnahmen gewonnenen Grauwertprofile, die ein Maß für die Bildhelligkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Kernteufe sind, zeigen Schwankungen, die mit entsprechenden durch visuelle stratigraphische Beobachtung gefundenen Schichten korrespondieren. Die Ursache für unterschiedliche Bildhelligkeit liegt im unterschiedlichen Streu- und Absorptionsvermögen der Eisschichten. Um von der Kernoberfläche ausgehende Störungen auszuschalten wurden line-scan Aufnahmen an hierfür speziell präparierten planparallelen Kernschnitten durchgeführt. Die Bildhelligkeit korreliert mit der Kristallgröße, die an Dünnschnitten der selben Kernsequenzen ermittelt wurde. Die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von line-scan und Schlitzkameras zur Erfassung der Eiskernstratigraphie werden anhand von Daten aus grönländischen und antarktischen Eiskernen (NGRIP, Dome C) aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit anderen jahreszeitlich schwankenden Daten (elektrische Leitfähigkeit aus DEP-Messungen u. a.) verglichen und die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer teilweise automatisierten Eiskerndatierung mit optischen Methoden diskutiert. ALLEY et al., Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core: Basis, reproducibility, and application. J. Geophys. Res. 102, C12 (1997), p. 26,367-26,381

Description: Protium Pullei Swart n.sp. Arbor circ. 12 m alta. Ramuli robusti 4 mm diam. teretes glabri fusci lenticellis oblongis ferrugineis muniti. Folia trifoliolata 17 (16—21) cm longa glabra, petiolis robustis semiteretibus 4.5 cm longis basi incrassatis demum transverse rimosis, petiolulis semiteretibus robustis utrinque subincrassatis 1 cm longis sed terminalibus 2.25 cm longis, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis II (7.5—13) cm longis 5 (3.75—5.5) cm latis, apice abruptius acuminatis, acumine sublineari 8 (5—10) mm longo 2.5 (2—3) mm lato, basi cuneata, margine integro, coriaceis utrinque nitidis laevibus supra glaucescentis infra viridis, nervis secundariis utrinque II, nervis prim. et sec. utrinque prominentibus. Inflorescendae axillares breves pauce ramosae pauciflorae circ. 1 cm longae. Ramuli teretes striati cum pedicellis teretibus flore aequilongis bracteis bracteolisque triangularibus obtusis densiuscule puberulis. Flores 5-meri glabri. Calyx cupuliformis lobis oblongo-triangularibus acutis tubo aequilongis. Petala valvata oblongo-triangularia acuto apiculo inflexo carnosa. Stamina 10. Discus 10-lobis glaber. Pistillum glabrum, ovario late ovoideo stigmate 5-lobo coronato. Type: Maguire 24784 in herb. NY, 17 Sept. 1944, Suriname, Tafelberg, mixed transition high-low bush, 5 km S.W. of Savanna I.

Description: Zeer geachte Toehoorderessen en Toehoorders, Bij het beginnen van een wetenschappelijk onderzoek zal meestal degene die zich daaraan gezet heeft, allereerst het antwoord dienen te vinden op enkele fundamentele vragen. Zijn deze primaire vragen beantwoord, dan is de weg gebaand voor verder onderzoek en voor algemene theoretische beschouwingen. Deze fundamentele vragen zijn echter niet voor elke onderzoeker en ook niet voor elk onderzoek in een zelfde tak van wetenschap steeds gelijk. Dit hangt af van vele factoren, zoals: uiteindelijk doel van de studie, aard van het materiaal, geaardheid vooral van de onderzoeker, enz. Vandaag wil ik met U behandelen de hoofdvragen, die zich bij mij, voor de aan mij toevertrouwde onderdelen van de botanie steeds op de voorgrond plaatsen en de wijze waarop ik die beantwoorden pleeg te interpreteren voor het verdere onderzoek. Hierdoor zal ik tevens de gelegenheid hebben, om aan te stippen in welke richting wij op het gebied van de bijzondere plantkunde en de plantengeografie nog onderzoekingen kunnen verrichten, die ons inzicht in het geheel aanmerkelijk kunnen verruimen. Voor ik met mijn eigenlijke onderwerp begin, moet ik toch iets zeggen over wat „bijzondere plantkunde” is. Ik zal er niet te veel over uitweiden, daar, zoals Koningsberger en Reinders in het voorwoord van het eerste deel van het Leerboek der Algemeene Plantkunde terecht opmerken, de scheiding tussen „algemene” en „bijzondere” plantkunde uiteraard onscherp is. Volgens de letter van de gebruikelijke terminologie zou eigenlijk alles wat niet „algemeen” is thuis horen onder de bijzondere plantkunde. Zover wil ik niet gaan, want dat zou mijn taak wel heel omvangrijk maken en afgezien van het feit dat het buiten mijn kunnen zou komen te vallen, denk ik ook dat mijn collega voor de algemene plantkunde ernstige bezwaren zou maken indien ik datgene van de plantenphysiologie dat zeker niet algemeen is te noemen, voor mijzelf zou gaan opeisen. Ik wil daarom beginnen de physiologie, hoe bijzonder deze hier en daar ook moge zijn, maar onmiddellijk in zijn geheel bij de algemene plantkunde te plaatsen. Voor de rest zou ik mijn bovengenoemde definitie, dus „bijzonder” is alles wat niet „algemeen” is, in grote trekken willen volgen, met dien verstande dat ik mij natuurlijk wil houden aan de veelal gebruikelijke taakverdeling, zodat b.v. de „algemene” morphologie en anatomie van de Angiospermen, die in feite in het plantenrijk als geheel, „bijzonder” is, bij de „algemene plantkunde” wordt ondergebracht. De speciale en vergelijkende morphologie van deze groep reken ik echter zeer zeker tot de mij toegewezen tak van wetenschap. Ook de afgrenzing met de genetica is niet scherp. Indien men elk onderzoek waarbij niet uitsluitend op het phaenotype maar ook op het genotype gelet wordt, tot de genetica wil rekenen, dan zal de betrekkelijk jonge experimentele plantensystematiek of biosystematiek geen deel kunnen uitmaken van de bijzondere plantkunde. De genetici zullen het mij wel niet euvel duiden, dat ik ook deze tak van onderzoek laat staan bij de bijzondere plantkunde, waaruit zij is voortgekomen en waarvoor zij van zoveel betekenis is.

Description: Dames en Heren, In een universitair blad kwam onlangs de mededeling voor, dat aan een hoogleraar, die zich in dezelfde moeilijkheid bevindt als ik, nl. dat hij in de loop van deze cursus 70 jaar is geworden, een afscheidscollege zou worden aangeboden. Ik vond dat een sympathiek plan. Als men met college geven, ondanks de daaraan verbonden bezwaren, de 70-jarige leeftijd heeft gehaald, is het werkelijk geen overbodige weelde dat een ander de taak voor deze laatste keer van hem overneemt.

Description: What KIAERSK wrote in 1893 in the preface of his “Enumeratio Myrtacearum Brasiliensium” is still largely valid. It is often most difficult to define a species belonging to this family, not only because, in the absence of ripe seeds, the genus is not easily ascertainable, but also because of the strong variability shown by the vegetative characters. Thanks to the examination of the rich Guiana material preserved in the herbaria of Genève, Kew, Leiden, New York, Paris and Utrecht, I have usually been able to delimit the species in a satisfactory way; their allocation to a definite genus, however, is often a difficult problem. During the preliminary stage of this investigation, which was interrupted by the war, it was of great advantage to me that I could study the Guiana specimens of the Leiden herbarium. In order to avoid misinterpretations, I have tried to base my conclusions as far as possible on an examination of either the types themselves or of duplicates of the latter. Several of these types, especially those that form part of the earlier collections of Guiana plants, e.g. of the collection Aublet, and of the collections Desfontaines (herb. Florence) and De Candolle (Genève) had never before been reexamined, and BERG, the last monographer of the South American Myrtaceae (in Linnaea XXVII (1855—56), XXIX (1858) and XXX (1861) has either neglected these species or given an, often incorrect, interpretation based on the description alone. For this reason the second part of this paper will be devoted to a short survey of these earlier types. My best thanks are due to the directors of all herbaria mentioned. Moreover, I have to thank the “Van Eedenfonds”, whose financial aid enabled me to pay a visit to Kew and to the British Museum.

Description: Among the material collected by LANJOUW and LINDEMAN during the Suriname Expedition 1948—’49 a specimen of Mabea taquari Aubl. was found whose flowers showed some interesting deviations from the normal structure. In the “Flora of Suriname” vol. II, part 1 (1932), p. 78 LANJOUW states that the female flower of the genus Mabea Aubl. is apetalous and provided with a 5- or 6- partite calyx. In a re-investigation of the specimens preserved in the Utrecht Herbarium this could as a rule be confirmed.

Description: Nineteen species of Stereocaulon are treated from the northern Andes, mainly from Colombia. Descriptions and keys are given, with notes on the north-Andean distribution and ecology. Seven species are new for the Colombian flora, viz. St. atlanticum, St. claviceps, St. corticatulum (chem. strain with atranorin and perlatolic acid), St. delisei, St. microcarpum, St. pachycephalum and St. pomiferum. St. crambidiocephalum is reported for the first time from Costa Rica, as is St. didymicum from Venezuela, and St. delisei is reported for the first time from the New World (Colombia and Costa Rica). St. cornutum Müll. Arg. is reduced to synonymy under St. pityrizans Nyl.

Description: Gradstein et al. (1982) propose to conserve four generic names of Lejeuneaceae: Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Trachylejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. and Taxilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., each of which was introduced as a subgeneric name in Lejeunea by Spruce (1884), and subsequently raised to generic rank by Schiffner in his treatment of the Hepaticae in Engler-Prantl (preprint 1893) [see proposals to conserve 675-678 see p. 746]. Although Spruce (l.c.) used for his Lejeunea species a binary nomenclature by combining subgeneric names with specific epithets, it is clear (e.g. text, index) that the binomina are meant as Lejeunea combinations and they are considered as such by most authors (see Gradstein et al. for further details). Before 1893, however, the Sprucean subgeneric names were used in various papers by F. Stephani in a “seeming” generic rank; indeed Stephani now and then referred to them as “genus.” A chronological survey of a number of relevant papers by Stephani, mainly those published in Hedwigia, was given by Bonner et al. (1961), in conjunction with a brief discussion of the subject of this paper. These authors were the first to realize that on the basis of Art. 42 ICBN some generic names in Lejeuneaceae, e.g. Taxilejeunea and Trachylejeunea, can be considered as validly published by Stephani in Hedwigia 28, 1889. Later on Grolle (1979) demonstrated valid publication of monotypic new Lejeuneaceae genera by Stephani in the Bot. Gaz. 15, 1890, e.g. Lopho-Lejeunea and Acro-Lejeunea. For an evaluation of the status of Lopho- Lejeunea Steph., Acro-Lejeunea Steph., Trachylejeunea Steph. and Taxilejeunea Steph., one might consider these names against the background of the entire context of Stephani’s work on Lejeuneaceae until 1893. As the survey of Stephani’s papers in Bonner et al. is rather incomplete, and as there are several points of divergence in opinion, a new analysis of Stephani’s relevant papers (before Sep 1893) is presented below.

Description: Two new species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas are described: Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae n. sp., mainly characterized by the presence of toxas as large as 300 µm, and Mycale (Carmia) urizae n. sp., the first Mycale with micracanthoxeas described from Africa, characterized by the presence of anisochelae-III with the falx projecting downwards from the middle basal portion of the frontal alae of the head, and by the presence of two morphologically distinct size classes of toxas, with toxas-II being notably oxea-shaped. A discussion of all species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas is included. It is postulated that a comprehensive assessment of the distribution of this character, as well as of other micromorphological features of Mycale spicules, may shed light on the affinities and redefinition of obscure subgenera such as Aegogropila and Carmia.

Description: Review of: Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek, edited by Charles W. Shabica & Andrew A. Hay. Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, 1997: XVIII + 308 pp., 385 figs., 4 tables, 1 faunal list; $75.00 (hard cover) ISBN 0-925065-21-8. Since the last century, the area around Mazon Creek in northern Illinois, about 100 km southwest of Chicago, has been known for its Pennsylvanian fossils. Mainly plant fossils were found along Mazon Creek and in the open coal pits of that area until the 1950s. Langford (1958, 1963) was the first to give a compilation of the flora and fauna of Mazon Creek. He listed and figured 60 genera including 71 species of animal fossils. As the coal mining moved farther south, and Pit 11 was opened in the 1950s, the relationship between plant and animal fossils in the iron concretions drastically changed. In this new book, the number of animal genera recorded has increased three times over that of Langford (1963), omitting about another 130 insect genera.

Description: A cladistic study was carried out on known species of the characteristically Antarctic genus Oswaldella, adopting as outgroups some other genera included in the family Kirchenpaueriidae. The analysis resulted in a cladogram with low CI in which no relationship between genera can be depicted. However, the hypothesis of monophyly of the genus Oswaldella is corroborated, being supported in our cladogram by five synapomorphies (although all are homoplastic with other taxa or reversed within the species of the genus). The basal relationships of the genus are uncertain, but three species groups are distinguishable within Oswaldella: 1) the O. incognita group, 2) the O. antarctica group, and 3) a clade formed by (O. garciacarrascosai, O. elongata ( O. blanconae (O. gracilis O. herwigi, Oswaldella sp. two)))).

Description: Within the newt genus Triturus, the large-bodied species in the T. cristatus (crested newt) superspecies show an unusual degree of variation in relative trunk length as a result of among-taxon variation in interlimb vertebral count. Here we examine the systematic value of this feature as assessed by both exterior measurement (Wolterstorff Index) and direct radiographic count of rib-bearing vertebrae, with particular reference to a number of confounding factors (sex differences, hybridisation, geographic variation, allometry, preservation effects). Using our mtDNA haplotype data, which are largely concordant with geographic distribution of species, we find that direct count of the rib-bearing vertebrae performs more reliably (14% misclassification) than external measurement (31% misclassification) as a species identifier. We therefore recommend this feature as a taxonomic tool, although (like external measurement) it breaks down near hybrid zones. To account for the observed biogeographical pattern and phenotype – genotype discrepancies, a scenario is presented that combines the movement of the contact zone between taxa with asymmetric hybridisation. This scenario applies to species interactions in eastern Yugoslavia and western France.

Description: A new monotypic genus of Spelaeogriphacea is described from the Upper Jurassic of Liaoning Province, north-east China. This new genus and species brings the number of known spelaeogriphacean taxa to four, the others being two recent forms from Brazil and South Africa, and one from the Carboniferous of eastern Canada. The new Chinese form is morphologically (and phylogenetically) very similar to the recent spelaeogriphaceans, suggesting that the body plan seen in the recent Spelaeogriphacea was achieved relatively early in the history of the group. A cladistic analysis of this and several other peracaridan orders indicates that the Spelaeogriphacea may be a paraphyletic group. This suggests that much work remains to be done with respect to the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships among the peracaridan taxa.

Description: How do traits change through time and with speciation? We present a simple and generally applicable method for comparing various models of the macroevolution of traits within a maximum likelihood framework. We illustrate four such models: 1) variance among species accumulates in direct proportion to time separating them (gradual model); 2) variation accumulates with the number of speciation events separating them (speciational model); 3) differences between species are unrelated to phylogenetic relatedness (pitchfork model); and 4) a free model where the trait evolves at its own idiosyncratic rate among lineages. Using species-specific body size, we compare the four models across two data sets: twenty-one clades of vertebrate species, and two clades of bird families. For the twenty-one vertebrate trees, the pitchfork model is most successful, though not significantly, and the most successful by far for the youngest clades. The speciational model seems to be preferred for older clades. For both clades of bird families, the speciational model offers the best fit to family-level body size evolution. However, the pitchfork model does much worse for one clade than for the other, suggesting a difference in the relationship between diversification and body-size evolution in the two groups. These examples highlight some possibilities afforded by this simple approach.

Description: During 1981 the Botanical Survey of India had again collections made. We list them in the same manner as on pages 3559-3560. In Andaman & Nicobar Is.: Great Nicobar, 300 specimens. In Andhra Pradesh: Anantagiri, Endrika Hills, Ganganaju-medugula, Paderu, 1590. In Arunachal Pradesh: Ganganagar, Hapoli, Naharlagan, Namdapha Biosphere Reserve of Tirap Distr., Tamer Road, Tiruli of Subansiri Distr., Ziro, 1054. In West Bengal: areas of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Midnapur Districts, places of Bangaon, Tantulia and Basirhat of 24-Parganas Districts, Jaldapara Reserve, Totopara, &c., 2240. In Gujrat: Lalpur and vicinity, 1090. In Karnataka: vicinity of S. Karnataka River-Mulla Periyar and catchment areas, 500. In Kerala: Alleppey, Anathode, Cannanore, Devicolam, Kakki, Kasargod, Kokharjam, Munnar Peermade, Muzhiyar, Pachakanam, Pamba Dam areas, Peruvanzuzhi, Ponnambala Medu, Sabarigiri, 4150. In Madhya Pradesh; areas of Panna Distr., 800. In Maharashtra: Bhimsankar, Janar, Purandar, 985. In Meghalaya: Cherrapunjee, Nongapoh, Sunnapahar of Khasi Hills, Jowai, Jorain of Saintea Hills, Tura of Garo Hills Distr., 3500. In Nagaland: areas of Mekokchung, Tuensang, Wokha, Zunbebato Districts, 500. In Rajasthan: Jaisalmer and areas of Barmer Distr., 1000. In Sikkim: Burtuk Busty, Chakung, Changu, Chuten, Enchy Monastery, below Honuman Top, Jorethang, Lower Bustak, Ranipal, Reumtek, Sang Ratepani, Sinchey, Singtham East, Soren, Suntale forests, Tadong, 4800. In Tamil-Nadu: Kannayakumari, Sethur Hills, Srivilliputhur R.F., 2090. In Uttar Pradesh: Agra-Khal, Ballaieri, Chamoli Chakrata, Dudhwa Nat. Park, Govana, Khan-Khaliadha, Mussoorie, Pam Vali-Kantha, Panwali, Parbagi, Rajkhark, Saharshradhara, 2500.

Description: A Bird’s Head (= Vogelkop = Kepala Burung) database is under construction in L, in cooperation with K. It is part of a flora project in the NE Bird’s Head, a joint project of BO, K, MAN, and was established by Dr. R.E. Johns and his colleagues (K). Information stored in the database includes collector(s), collection number, identification, locality, and altitude (for part of the collections). The data were brought together in two checklists (Coode et al., 1997; Johns et al., 1997), which were distributed to the relevant herbaria.

Description: At the Flora Malesiana Symposium IV held in Malaysia, an electronic network discussion group for Flora Malesiana was set up by Dr. Kamarudin Mat-Salleh of the University of Kebangsaan Malaysia: floramalesiana@herbarium.ukm.my If you would like to subscribe, all you need to do is to send an e-mail addressed to listserver@herbarium.ukm.my and include in the body of your message (not in the subject line): subscribe floramalesiana YourFullName (e.g. subscribe floramalesiana Odoardo Beccari)

Description: Aliens, a journal dedicated to the biology of weeds, is published by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. ISSN 1173-5988. Ms. S. Lowe, ISSG, SEMS, University of Auckland (Tamaki Campus), Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand (e-mail: s.lowe@auckland.ac.nz). Also on website: http://iucn.org/themes/ssc/programs/invasives/issg/ There is also a discussion group: send a message to ssc-mgr@indaba.iucn.org with as text: subscribe aliens-1

Description: Sarawak — The Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC) Ordinance, 1997 and the Sarawak Biodiversity (Access, Collection and Research) Regulations, 1998, are two laws that have been enacted by the State to achieve the twin aims of protecting Sarawak’s biodiversity and recognising its importance. Under the Regulations, anyone who wants to access, collect, do research on or use the biological resources of the State is required to apply to the Sarawak Biodiversity Centre Council for a permit. Penalties for accessing, collecting, or doing research on the biological resources of the State without a permit are a fine of up to RM 20,000 and/or a jail sentence of up to three years. The Permit system is to ensure the proper regulation of access to and utilisation of the State’s biodiversity. Furthermore, it will ensure that research on and utilisation of Sarawak’s rich biodiversity will be conducted with mutual benefits to all concerned parties.

Description: Getting there — Various methods to access canopies are described in Selbyana 16 (1995). Ashton et al. explain a tackle and boom method used for the phenology of Shorea flowering in Malesia. Note the rather funny sketch. Dorrington sketches lighter-than-air powered balloons with which canopies can be explored. Donahue & Wood describe and depict a climbing technique practiced by rock climbers and cave explorers, including equipment lists. Lowman & Bouricus discuss the construction, equipment, and costs of platforms and bridges for durable access. In the latter’s literature list the following reference seems of interest to incipient arborists: Moffett, M. & M.D. Lowman. 1995. Methods of access into forest canopies in M.D. Lowman & N. Nadkami (Eds.), Forest canopies: 1—24. See also Laman, “Safety recommendations for climbing rain forest trees with ‘single rope technique’”, Biotropica 27 (1995) 406—409 (see Bibliography). You would do well to read it! Another instructive paper I have cited previously (FMB 11/6, 1995, 443) is: Dial, R. & S.C. Tobin. 1994. Description of arborist methods for forest canopy access and movement. Selbyana 15: 24—37, ill. Thailand — An expedition by AAU (K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, R. Morran, C. Tange) and BKF (D. Shookchalerm, C. Niyomdham) was undertaken from 1 August to 15 October, 1995. One month was spent in the southernmost rain forest reserves near the Malaysian border.

Description: The ARBEC (ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation) Research & Development Team has compiled a comprehensive weblink of all ten ASEAN countries (i.e., Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). These links will provide more organized accessibility and hence promote better understanding on ‘who’s doing what and where’ in the effort to enhance biodiversity research and environmental conservation in the region. The links are categorized for each country as follows: 1. Organization 2. Resources/Studies 3. Map 4. Environmental Acts 5. General the ARBEC website: http://www.cyberct.com.my/arbec the weblink site: http://www.cyberct.com.my/arbec/index9.htm

Description: Dr J. Hutchinson retired after 44 years of service in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew (May 31, 1948), as Keeper of the Museum. He will devote his time mainly to the writing of some general handbooks especially his Genera Plantarum. He was succeeded by F.N. Howes, D. Sc. Mr H.K. Airy Shaw was appointed Principal Scientific Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on Dec. 31st, 1948.

Description: The Task Force ‘PROSEA beyond 2000’ [members: Dr. A.R.M. Ali (FRIM), Dr. B.P. del Rosario (PCARRD), Dr. J. Kartasubrata (PROSEA-BO) and Dr. J.S. Siemonsma (PROSEA-WAG)], met several times and prepared a report with items for discussion at the Third International PROSEA Workshop on 15-17 November 1999 in Bogor. Some proposed major discussion items are: – Should PROSEA continue as a foundation? As an autonomous ASEAN centre? Integrate with or link to other centres? – Is a second edition of the handbook necessary in the next decade? – If no second edition of the handbook is foreseen in the next decade, updating of the databank will be necessary and possibilities of the Internet should be exploited in full. – Should each country office try to cover half of the annual budget with the contribution of the host institute to decrease dependence on external funding? – Should PROSEA concentrate on client-oriented information services in the next decade? The 10th PROSEA Country Officers’ Meeting was held on 7-10 September 1998 in Wageningen. Special attention was asked for quality control of record abstracts in the databank and for careful proof-reading of handbook derived materials before publication.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae — b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk. The SEM-observation of plant material normally requires dehydrated, dry specimens coated with carbon or metal. Unfortunately, the standard drying methods (including the critical-point-drying-technique) often cause shrinking and deformation of the specimen surface; therefore, SEMstudies on plant ontogeny are rather difficult, material- and time-consuming. Experiments using deep-frozen specimens have been carried out in England and in the USA, but have proved not satisfying.

Description: A growing interest in the Flora Malesiana was a chief characteristic of 1950. The number of free subscriptions increased to over 320 and the total of subscriptions, therefore, to over 620 as the Government of Indonesia receives 300 copies for official purposes. The first volume of series I, the Cyclopaedia of Botanical Exploration in Malaysia, which contains the main bibliographical and biographical data of all collectors in Malaysia, accompanied when advisable by an itinerary and information concerning the collections, has now been printed. It is expected that the volume will appear before the end of the year thus bringing Mrs.M.J. van Steenis-Kruseman’s patient and devoted work during more than 12 years to a conclusion.

Description: Dr. T. Carrick Chambers (NSW) has finished a treatment of Blechnum. Dr. P.H. Hovenkamp (L) has started revising Nephrolepis, a genus of widespread occurrence in Malesia, frequently found on roadsides, forest clearings, earth banks etc. Many of these occurrences may actually be garden escapes, and any help in obtaining live specimens from obviously (or probably) native occurrences is greatly appreciated. They will be cultivated in the Leiden Botanical Garden, and contributions will, of course, be duly acknowledged. Contact P. Hovenkamp (hovenkamp@rhbcml.leidenuniv.nl) for more information.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. van: Een teratologisch novum (Chron. Naturae 105, 1949, 150-152, 3 fig.). Peculiar polyconal monstruosity of Pinus merkusii. Anonymous: Lijst van boomsoorten verzameld in de Afd. Kapoeas-Barito, Z. Borneo. Ditto, in de Afd. Bandjermasin, Hoeloe Soengel, Z.O. Borneo. Ditto, in de Afd. Samarinda, O. Borneo. Rapport v.h. Bosbouwproefstation Buitenzorg no. 2, 3 & 5, 76, 61 & 48 pp. March, April 1949. Mimeograph. Lists of tree species collected, arranged both by native names and Latin names; of each species the number of specimens and durability class is added.

Description: Apocynaceae wanted — pickled. Mary E. Fallen, Systematische Botanik, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland, who has done considerable morphological work on development of the reproductive organs in Apocynaceae, has been frustrated in her many efforts to obtain suitable material of Lepinia and Lepiniopsis. Ample information on both can be found in Pacific Plant Areas 3, Blumea Suppl. 5 (1966) 112-113, with map and description. The very oddly shaped fruit of Lepinia (W. Pacific) has been depicted in Blumea 11 (1962) 302, Van Steenis’s paper on the Land Bridge Theory. The one of Lepiniopsis (E. Malesia) seems to be buoyant. Also material of Anechites (Central America) is needed; it may be closely related to Condylocarpon. Any stages of flowers can be used, from tiny green buds at initiation up through anthesis, as well as fruiting stages. They should be pickled in FAA. Expenses of handling and postage will gladly be refunded. Vials with the liquid can be provided. Thanks on her behalf!

Description: Backer’s “Verklarend woordenboek” — The publishing company Contact, Amsterdam, is planning to publish a facsimile edition of this work long out of print and only with great difficulty found in antiquarian’s shops. With its wealth of data, bio- and bibliographical notes, and occasional wry humour it is a goldmine of information. With c. 22,500 lemmas there is no other work comparable in size and quality. Because most entrees deal with names of plants found in the Netherlands and former Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) it is in Dutch, and because of the date of publication in an old spelling. The late Dr. H.C.D. de Wit (WAG) intended to produce an emended, English version, for which Backer’s files are now in WAG. Note the web address to access the geological reconstruction series of SE Asia (for the past 50 My). It is downloadable as a powerpoint file, from: http://glsun2.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/seasia/html/plate_tect.htm

Description: The mainly East Malesian araliaceous trees and shrubs characterized by inflorescences with ‘false fruits’ were first accorded generic rank by Miquel (1863) under the name Osmoxylon. The name stood for the elegance of the vegetative parts of the plants as depicted by Rumphius and once collected by Zippelius. In the next decade, working partly from his own collections and emphasizing the distinctive inflorescences and their biology, Beccari (1878) added several species with palmately lobed or dissected leaves and described the characteristic reproductive mechanism. In a further study, however, Boerlage (1887) separated the palmately veined species as Eschweileria. This latter name was a homonym and Harms (1894) not unnaturally proposed Boerlagiodendron. Eighty years later, revision for Flora Malesiana brought about a reassessment and, as some species appeared to be ‘intermediate’ (notably B. dinagatense Merr. and B. simplicifolium Elmer, respectively from Dinagat Island and NE Mindanao in the Philippines) the two genera were merged by Philipson (1976, 1979) without recognition of any formal subdivisions. Further study indicates, however, that the former Boerlagiodendron and Osmoxylon s.s. do form distinct groups. Osmoxylon dinagatense (Merr.) Philipson and O. simplicifolium (Elmer) Philipson may have simple leaves, but both have – though rather small – a typical erect ‘Boerlagiodendron’ inflorescence. In O. simplicifolium, based on Elmer 13689 from NE Mindanao (Philippines), the leaves are coarsely toothed and feature craspedodromous venation. There is a further record from Samar [PNH 117163 (Gutierrez et al.) Osmoxylon dinagatense, based on BS 35220 (Ramos & Pascasio) from Dinagat Island, is similar but the leaf apex is more obtuse and the margins are merely crenate, the teeth obscure. I interpret these species as representative of miniaturization, a process also evident within O. micranthum (Harms) Philipson. Little is known of their ecology; however, Dinagat is known to have serpentine surface rock and in Samar the collection of O. simplicifolium was recorded from forest on limestone. Both species are shrubs or small trees to 4 m. With respect to O. oblongifolium Philipson (no. 8 in Philipson, 1979), also described as having simple leaves, its author has noted that the petiolar crests are sometimes fimbriate and the leaf-blades occasionally have a small triangular lobe on each side below the middle. The plants are moreover stream-bank dwellers and the leaves are clustered at branch ends. All these indicate membership of the Boerlagiodendron group.

Description: Cheiropleuriaceae T. Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42 (1928) 210. Terrestrial or epilithic herb. Rhizome woody, creeping or subscandent, protostelic, lacking scales, covered with soft, uniseriate, pale brown, multicellular hairs. Fronds dimorphous. Petioles glabrous except at base, not articulated to rhizome. Sterile fronds often simple but typically 2(-4)-lobed, entire and lobed blades often appearing on the same plant, lamina glabrous, coriaceous; the lobes (if present) acuminate with a broad sinus between; base broadly rounded or sometimes obtuse or acute; margins entire, sometimes slightly revolute; main veins dichotomous, smaller veins reticulate. Fertile fronds simple, narrow, linear to narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering at both ends; upper surface glabrous; lower surface wholly covered with sporangia and simple clubshaped paraphyses except along the 1—3 main veins and a narrow strip along the margin. Sporangia long-stalked, annulus almost vertical, extending most of the way round the sporangium. Spores creamy-white to pale brown.

Description: Azollaceae Wettst., Handb. Syst. Bot. 2 (1903) 77; C. Chr. in Verdoorn, Man. Pterid. (1938) 550; Wettst., Trat. Bot. Sist. (1944) 416; Reed, Bol. Soc. Brot. II, 28 (1954) 15. Small aquatic plants with flabellate branched stems bearing roots and leaves. Leaves sessile, alternate, imbricate, bilobed. Dorsal leaf lobe fleshy and chlorophyllous, held above water surface; with uni- or bicellular trichomes, and anomocytic stomata; with cavity containing mucilage and filaments of the cyanobacterium Ventral leaf lobe Anabaena azollae. generally unistratose and translucent (except at base), resting on water surface. Roots either solitary or in fascicles, growing from stem branching points; with numerous root hairs and two semi-persistent root caps and a basal root sheath. Sporocarps borne in pairs or fours at base of branches, initially covered by involucre of dorsal leaf lobe. Plants monoecious, with separate mega- and microsporocarps. Megasporocarp containing a solitary indehiscent megasporangium, which contains a single megaspore attached by placenta. Megaspore with trilete mark, and 3 or 9 proximally positioned alveolate ‘floats’ (up to 24 in fossil taxa) attached by filosum of megasporoderm. Megasporoderm sculpturing and stratification variable and often highly complex. Megagametophyte endosporic, forcing megaspore open at laesura, bearing several archegonia. Microsporocarp containing numerous indehiscent microsporangia that develop successively from apex to base; each microsporangium with c. 64 trilete microspores. Microspores aggregated together in alveolate structures (‘massulae’), analogous to floats. Massulae partially or fully covered with simple or glochidiate trichomes. Microspores germinating within massula; microgametophyte reduced, with one antheridium; antherozoids multiflagellate, released through flask-shaped cavities in massula. One genus only.

Description: It is advised to address all mail with destination Royal Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, in future as ’Royal Botanic Gardens, Bogor (Buitenzorg)’ The present number, Flora Malesiana Bulletin No. 6, concluded the 1st volume. The second volume of the Flora Malesiana Bulletin begins with no. 7.

Description: Hymenophyllaceae — Dr. K. Iwatsuki (TI) wishes to complete a revision before his retirement.

Description: The following site might be of interest, as it leads to keys to ferns of New Guinea: http://www.rbgsyd.gov.au/RBG/Sci/Systematics/rbgfern.html

Description: The Orchidaceae outnumber by far any other plant family in Malesia. At present, however, an accurate estimate of the number of Malesian orchid species is difficult to make. Subtracting the number of established synonyms from the number of names attributed to Malesian orchid species results in the staggering figure of 6414 species, with a retention ratio (ratio of ‘accepted’ species to heterotypic names) of 0.74. This is undoubtedly a gross overestimate, as most of the 209 Malesian orchid genera have never been revised over their entire range. Extrapolating from available revisions to estimate a more realistic retention ratio is problematic due to the small number of modern revisions and the different nature of the groups treated. If we look for comparison at Malesian species of some recently revised groups, we encounter a wide range of retention ratios: Bulbophylluw sect. Uncifera (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.24 Dendrobium sect. Oxyglossum (Reeve & Woods, 1989): 0.24 Mediocalcar (Schuiteman, 1997): 0.29 Pholidota (De Vogel, 1988): 0.29 Bulbophyllum sect. Pelma (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.50 Paphiopedilum (Cribb, 1987, modified): 0.57 Dendrobium sect. Spatulata (Cribb, 1986, modified): 0.60. Correspondingly, we find a wide range of estimates for the ‘real’ number of known Malesian orchid species: from 2050 to 5125.

Description: Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subfamily, tribe, etc.)- Infrageneric epithets have been entered immediately under the generic name to which they belong, preceded by the indication of their rank (subgenus, sections, etc.). Infraspecific epithets have been entered under the specific name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subspecies, variety, forma, etc.). Synonyms have been printed in italics. Page numbers in bold type denote main treatment; an asterisk behind a page number denotes the presence of a figure of the concerned taxon.

Description: One of the small liliaceous families, recently described as separate, formerly included in Luzuriagaceae, Philesiaceae, Smilacaceae, or earlier in Liliaceae. The family has only two monotypic genera, Eustrephus and Geitonoplesium, both occurring also in Malesia. The family and species are described and annotated; there is a key to the genera. A paragraph on palynology is contributed by R.W. J.M. van der Ham. Illustration is by two full-page line drawings.

Description: Critical notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Dutch Macrolepiota species with ring with double crown are given. Macrolepiota bohemica (Wichanský) Krieglst. & Pázmány is regarded as a synonym of M. rachodes (Vitt.) Sing. The new combination M. rachodes f. olivieri (Barla) de Kok is made. Macrolepiota mastoidea (Fr.: Fr.) Sing., M. gracilenta (Fr.) Mos. and M. rickenii (Velen.) Bellù & Lanzoni are synonymized. Macrolepiota permixta (Barla) Mos. is considered merely a variant of M. procera (Scop.: Fr.) Sing.; notes on the nomenclature of M. nympharum (Kalchbr.) Wasser are presented. Agaricus emplastrum Cooke & Mass. and A. tepidarius Weinm. are regarded as nomina dubia.

Description: Descriptions are presented of thirteen species and five varieties of Galerina, provisionally described as new by the Dutch mycologist J.J. Barkman in 1969 and 1970. The descriptions and illustrations are based on the original descriptive notes and our own study of microscopic characters. The study was hampered by the poor condition of most exsiccata. Nevertheless, the majority of the provisional taxa could be identified as belonging to species described before. Four provisional species could not be identified with certainty, but they show so much resemblance to existing species that there is no reason to consider them as new taxa. One provisional species, G. anomala, is strongly deviating from other Galerina species and does probably not belong to that genus. Its identity remains unknown. In addition, our study revealed useful information on the taxonomic significance and variability of some diagnostic characters in Galerina.

Description: The multivariate structure of the Scutellinia umbrorum complex ( Pezizales, Ascomycetes), based on the morphometrical parameters of 81 specimens from five ecotopes in the Netherlands, was analysed. According to conventional expert estimation, five putative taxa resp. species were established: S. patagonica (Rehm) Gamundi, S. aff. subhirtella Svrček, S. umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte, S. parvispora J. Moravec and S. subhirtella s. Kullman. These taxa form a taxonomic continuum hardly separable by traditional taxonomy. Five clusters obtained by UPGMA (with the generalized J-distance for mixed data as a measure of resemblance) are more distinct and in good accordance with ecological factors; some of them, however, are statistically not well separated. The revision of the clusters’ structure by k-means approach yields highly discontinuous clusters. The morphometric characters of specimens differ when going from open habitats to the forest. Differences are also revealed in phenology: the growing season starts in the forest later than in open habitats. The data are divided into two subsets according to spore ornamentation and spore width, the withingroup variation of either subset is caused mainly by the length of marginal hairs. On the basis of several statistical methods a supposition was introduced that the S. umbrorum complex probably consists of two polymorphic species, S. umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte and S. subhirtella Svrček s.l., with the mean value of marginal hairs longer than 450 µm and shorter than 450 µm, respectively. The UPGMA clusters can be interpreted as ecodemes of respective species.

Description: On a field trip into the interior of Sabah, Borneo, in 1986, a small Bulbophyllum species (Orchidaceae) without flowers was collected, and transferred to the greenhouse of Mr. P. Jongejan, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. Only after several years the plant rewarded the good care given to it with a few sprigs of flowers. It then appeared to be an undescribed species of great elegance, belonging to the section Hirtula Ridley. It displays an unusual combination of characters: it has a distinctly elongated lip, as is found in B. jolandae J.J. Vermeulen, and B. lasioglossum Rolfe, which both have an elongated inflorescence. The new species, however, has a subumbellate inflorescence, as occurs in B. carinilabium J.J. Vermeulen, and B. hirtulum Ridley, which both have a shorter lip.

Description: The genera Butea, Meizotropis and Spatholobus (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), occurring in continental Southeast Asia and the West Malesian Archipelago, are treated phylogenetically with Kunstleria as an outgroup. The genera Spatholobus (29 species), Butea and Meizotropis (each 2 species) are usually placed in the tribe Phaseoleae of the Papilionoideae, whereas Kunstleria belongs to the less advanced tribe Millettieae. Spatholobus is probably basal in the Phaseoleae. An analysis with PAUP of the datamatrix containing 80 macromorphological, 10 leaf anatomical and 7 pollen morphological characters resulted in three most parsimonious trees (MPTs) with a length of 589 steps. As for the method, it turned out that the option ‘addition sequence random’ gave more MPTs than an ‘addition sequence simple’. The standard option ‘addition sequence simple’ with taxon one as reference taxon resulted in trees a few steps longer than the MPTs. One of the three phylogenetic trees has been chosen to be used for the biogeographic analysis. Other genera used for this analysis are Fordia (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), Genianthus (Asclepiadaceae), and Xanthophytum (Rubiaceae). Within Southeast Asia 29 areas of distribution were recognised. Although they are solely based on the distribution pattern of the species, some areas coincide with geological entities, e.g., E Malaya and SE Sumatra. The biogeographical analysis performed by PAUP (BPA) and CAFCA (CCA) resulted for PAUP in 19 MPTs under assumption 0 with a length of 366 steps and 324 MPTs under assumption 1 with a length of 316 steps; for CAFCA the analysis resulted in 1 MPT (450 steps) under assumption 0 and 1 MPT (417 steps) under assumption 1. In all results more or less the same larger groups of areas were present: the areas recognised on Borneo, those on the Malay Peninsula together with SE Sumatra and W Java, and the areas on the continent of Southeast Asia. Some areas with only one species were found basal to the other nodes, and were considered not informative. After comparing the 19 MPTs, the 50% Majority-rule consensus tree was used to discuss the possible link with the geology. The geology of the region is very complex as there are four major tectonic plates in collision with each other: the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Philippines Sea Plate. A summary of the geology of Southeast Asia is given. It is probable that the general area-cladogram reflects the split (during high sea level) between continental Southeast Asia and Peninsular Malaysia and the Malay Archipelago. Furthermore it is remarkable that the areas in Borneo are splitting off in the order of age, where the youngest areas are at the top and the oldest at the base of the tree. The history of the genus Spatholobus is hypothesised by backtracking the phylogenetic relationships on the general area-cladogram. Probably the history of Spatholobus was influenced by the differences in sea level. During low sea levels the Sundaland Plateau was dry and it was possible to migrate into the Malesian Archipelago, but high sea levels resulted in isolation and speciation. It is impossible to say more about timing than that it could have started at the earliest in the Early Eocene. In the last case the ancestor of the genus was present in an area without the northern parts of Borneo, and with the south arm of Sulawesi still connected to Borneo.

Description: This project of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh aims to provide regional manuals and on-line identification computer programs to the timber species of Dipterocarpaceae. The Singapore manual is a first trial, later editions should include other islands in the Malay Archipelago. The possibility is also offered to have tailor-made manuals for specific regions against cost price. Many data have been gathered, especially vegetative characters one can readily observe while standing underneath these enormous trees. In this respect the database will be very useful, because due to the very irregular flowering of the Dipterocarpaceae, flowers and fruits are usually unavailable, and even if they are present, they are found high in the tree.

Description: The three volumes of this publication contain the results of almost five years of fieldwork over a period of almost 15 years in the Simbu Valley in the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Volume I, ‘The People and their plant-lore’, contains an introduction to the Simbu people, as well as a discussion of their classification and naming of plants [the latter very useful reading for (ethno)botanists]. The main part is formed by an annotated alphabetical list of Simbu plant names. For each vernacular name the translation or interpretation and the botanical determination are given. Furthermore tribe names (for names used by specific tribes), the name of the species in other languages, and (for part of the names) the Simbu names of cultivars are provided. The list also contains general terms, for example for parts of plants. Because of the compact way in which Sterly presents the data, the reader will need some practising before being able to use the book. This is also the case for volumes II and III. Several maps are provided, with the location of villages, rivers and mountains, the tribe distribution, and a vegetation map. Volume I contains the list of references for all three volumes.

Description: The knowledge of the macrofungi (mushrooms and toadstools) in Europe, including the Netherlands, is still far from complete. During our studies on this group of organisms in the Netherlands and adjacent Belgium and Germany while preparing a critical identification work, the Flora agaricina neerlandica, a fairly large number of new species has been discovered, and a lot more has become known on the variability, distribution and ecology of the about 2,000 other species that will eventually be included in this Flora. In the period 1987-1996 four volumes have been completed of this standard work (Bas et al., 1988, 1990,1995,1996), three are in preparation, and we hope that early in the twenty-first century, the set of 10 volumes will be finished. The present paper deals with a very striking little Entoloma species recently discovered in Diever, province of Drenthe, the Netherlands.

Description: Twelve species are recognized of which five (P. womersleyi, P. brassii, P. hooglandii, P. schoddei. and P. clemensae) are described as new. Nine species are reduced to synonymy (P. warburgii, P. puberula, P. myriantha, P. paniculata, P. parvifolia, P. acuminata, P. habbamensis, P. pulchra and P. dallmannensis). All twelve species occur in New Guinea, only one (P. arfakiana) extending westwards into Sulawesi. P. incana, P. gracilis and P. hypargyrea may also occur in Queensland in addition to the three species already described from Australia.

Description: New combinations under Chionanthus L. are made for Linociera beccarii, L. brassii, L. gigas, L. clementis, L. hahlii, L. kajewskii, L. nitida, L. remotinervia, L. riparia, L. rupicola, L. sessiliflora L. salicifolia, and L. stenura. Linociera cumingiana is synonymous with C. ramiflorus, L. novoguineensis and L. ovalis with C. rupicolus, L. papuasica with C. sessiliflorus and L. pubipaniculata with C. mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus. Linociera macrophylla sensu Whitmore proves to be C. hahlii.