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  • Springer  (50,376)
  • Institute of Physics  (32,474)
  • 2020-2020
  • 2005-2009  (80,780)
  • 1945-1949  (2,070)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2009  (80,780)
  • 1947  (2,070)
Collection
Years
  • 2020-2020
  • 2005-2009  (80,780)
  • 1945-1949  (2,070)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: An efficient procedure is proposed in order to define realistic lower limits of velocity errors of a non-permanent GPS station (NPS), i.e. a station where the antenna is installed and operates for short time periods, typically 10-20 days per year. Moreover, the proposed method is aimed at being independent from the standard GPS data processing. The key is to appropriately subsample the coordinate time series of several continuous GPS stations (CGPSs) situated nearby or inside the considered NPS network, in order to simulate the NPS behavior and to estimate the velocity errors associated with the subsampling procedure. The obtained data are therefore used as lower limits to accept or correct the error estimates provided by standard data processing. The proposed approach is applied to data from the dense non-permanent network in the Central Apennine of Italy based on a sequence of solutions for the overlapping time spans 1999-2003, 1999-2004, 1999-2005 and 1999-2007. Both the original and error-corrected velocity patterns are used to compute the strain rate fields. The comparison between the corresponding results reveals large differences that could lead to divergent interpretations about the kinematics of the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249–261
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Non-permanent GPS Stations ; Velocity Field ; Strain Rate ; Survey Optimization; ; Solution Sequence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: In July 1998, an Mw = 6.2 earthquake struck the islands of Faial, Pico and San Jorge (in the Azores Archipelago), registering VIII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale and causing major destruction in the northeastern part of Faial. The main shock was located offshore, 8 km North East of the island, and it triggered a seismic sequence that lasted for several weeks. The existing data for this earthquake include both the general tectonic environment of the region and the teleseismic information. This is accompanied by one strong-motion record obtained 15 km from the epicentre, the epicentre location of aftershocks, and a large collection of the damage inflicted to the building stock (as poor rubble masonry, of 2-3 storeys). The present study was carried out in two steps: first, with a finite-fault stochastic simulation method of ground motion at sites throughout the affected islands, for two possible locations of the rupturing fault and for a large number of combinations of rupture mechanisms (as a parametric analysis); secondly, the damage to buildings was modelled using a well-known macroseismic method that considers the building typologies and their associated vulnerabilities. The main intent was to integrate different data (geological, seismological and building features) to produce a scenario model to reproduce and justify the level of damage generated during the Faial earthquake. Finally, through validation of the results provided by these different approaches, we obtained a complete procedure for the parameters of a first model for the production of seismic damage scenarios for the Azores Islands region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 361–381
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stochastic finite-fault scenarios ; Building damage assessment ; 9th July Faial earthquake ; Azores Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial community thriving at two shallow hydrothermal vents off Panarea Island (Italy). Physico-chemical characteristics of thermal waters were examined in order to establish the effect of the vents on biodiversity of both Bacteria and Archaea. Water and adjacent sediment samples were collected at different times from two vents, characterised by different depth and temperature, and analysed to evaluate total microbial abundances, sulphuroxidising and thermophilic aerobic bacteria. Total microbial abundances were on average of the order of 105 cells ml-1, expressed as picoplanktonic size fraction. Picophytoplanktonic cells accounted for 0.77–3.83% of the total picoplanktonic cells. The contribution of bacterial and archaeal taxa to prokaryotic community diversity was investigated by PCR–DGGE fingerprinting method. The number of bands derived from bacterial DNA was highest in the DGGE profiles of water sample from the warmest and deepest site (site 2). In contrast, archaeal richness was highest in the water of the coldest and shallowest site (site 1). Sulphur-oxidising bacteria were detected by both culture- dependent and -independent methods. The primary production at the shallow hydrothermal system of Panarea is supported by a complex microbial community composed by phototrophs and chemolithotrophs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 199-212
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hydrothermal vents ; bacteria ; geochemistry ; fluids ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: Geological, geophysical and geotechnical investigations, for the characterization of the strong-motion recording sitesmanaged by the ItalianCivil Protection, have been carried out in the framework of the project “Italian strong-motion database in the period 1972–2004”. The project aimed at creating an updated database of strong-motion data acquired in Italy by different institutions in the time span 1972–2004, and at improving the quality of disseminated data. This article illustrates the state of the recording site characterization before the beginning of the project, explains the criteria adopted to select the sites where geophysical/ geotechnical investigation have been performed and describes the results of the promoted field surveys.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1189–1207
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: site ; characterization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The objective of the COST296 Action MIERS (Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems) is to develop an increased knowledge of the effects imposed by the ionosphere on practical radio systems, and for the development and implementation of techniques to mitigate the deleterious effects of the ionosphere on such systems (http://www.cost296.rl.ac.uk). The COST296 Community contributes to the international efforts of IHY with scientific and outreach activities as well. After the realization of a web site hosted by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), developed also to promote the ionospheric physics to the open public, the COST296 Community supported an initiative addressed to the pupils of the primary school of several European Countries: the realization of a school-calendar dedicated to the Sun and to the Sun-Earth connections.
    Description: Published
    Description: 63-67
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: E/PO ; Space weather ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The complex geochemical interactions in the groundwater of the industrial area of S ˇ alek Valley (Slovenia) between natural and anthropogenic fluids were studied by means of major (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3 -, Cl- and SO4 2-) and trace elements’ (As , Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Se and V) abundances, geochemical classification and statistical analysis of data. Cation abundances indicate mixing between a dolomitic end-member and an evaporitic or geothermal end-member. Anion abundances indicate mixing between bicarbonate waters and either sulphateenriched waters (suggesting hydrothermalism) or chlorinerich waters. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the extraction of seven factors, which describe, respectively: water–rock interaction mainly on dolomitic rocks; redox conditions of water; Cd–Zn enrichment in chlorinerich waters (probably from industrial wastes); hydrothermal conditions in waters close to major faults; Pb and Cu pollution; V and K enrichments, indicating their common organic source; the role of partial pressure of CO2 dissolved in water, which is highest in three wells with bubbling gases. Average underground discharge rates of solutes from the Valley range between 0.09 t/a (V) and 1.8 9 104 t/a (HCO3 -) and indicate how natural fluids can significantly contribute to the levels of elements in the environment, in addition to the amount of elements released by human activities.
    Description: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy and Ministry of Superior Instruction, Science and Technology of Slovenia. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo
    Description: Published
    Description: 75-89
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: groundwater ; Slovenia ; geothermal systems ; Principal Component Analysis ; pollution ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Italian strong-motion database was created during a joint project between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Italian Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology) and Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC, Italian Civil Protection). The aim of the project was the collection, homogenization and distribution of strong motion data acquired in Italy in the period 1972-2004 by different institutions, namely Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica (ENEL, Italian electricity company), Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA, Italian energy and environment organization) and DPC. Recently the strong-motion data relative to the 23th December 2009, Parma (Mw=5.4 and Mw=4.9) and to the 2009 L’Aquila sequence (13 earthquakes with 4.1Mw6.3) were included in the ITACA database (beta release). The database contains 7038 waveforms from analog and digital instruments, generated by 1019 earthquakes with magnitude up to 6.9 and can be accessed on-line at the web site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it. The strong motion data are provided in the unprocessed and processed versions. This article describes the steps followed to process the acceleration time series recorded by analogue and digital instruments. The procedures implemented involve: baseline removal, instrumental correction, band pass filtering with acausal filters, integration of the corrected acceleration in order to obtain velocity and displacement waveforms, computation of acceleration response spectra and strong motion parameters. This procedure is applied to each accelerogram, is realised to preserve the low frequency content of the records.
    Description: In press
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: strong-motion ; processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the Rocca Busambra area (mid-west Sicily, Italy), from November 1999 to July 2002, 23 water points including wells and springs were sampled and studied for their chemical and isotopic compositions. Two rain gauges were also installed at different altitudes, and rainwater was collected monthly to determine the isotopic composition. The obtained results revealed the Rocca Busambra carbonate complex as being the main recharge area on account of its high permeability value. From a chemical view point, two main groups of water can be distinguished: calcium– magnesium–bicarbonate-type and calcium–magnesium– chloride–sulphate-type waters. The first group reflects the dissolution of the carbonate rocks; the second group probably originates from circulation within flyschoid sediments. Three water wells differ from the other samples due to their relatively high Na and K content, which probably is to be referred to a marked interaction with the ‘‘Calcareniti di Corleone’’ formation, which is rich in glauconite [(K, Na)(Fe3+, Al, Mg)2(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2]. In accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water (2004), almost all the samples collected can be considered drinkable, with the exception of four of them, whose NO3 -, F- and Na+ contents exceed the limits. On the contrary, the sampled groundwater studied is basically suitable for irrigation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 885-898
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Water quality ; Environmental isotopes ; Geochemistry ; Sicily ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic and geothermal areas are one of the major natural sources of H2S to the atmosphere. Its environmental impact is often the main cause of the opposition to the development of geothermal energy exploitation programs. In this paper we analyze the air concentrations and dispersion pattern of naturally emitted H2S at the geothermal area of Sousaki (Corinthia, Greece). Measurements, made with a network of passive samplers, evidence a rapid decrease of concentration values away from the emission points. The fact that the decrease is more pronounced in the summer with respect to the winter indicates that it is not only due to a dilution effect, but also to redox reactions favoured by higher temperatures and intense sunlight typical of the summer period.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1723-1728
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Hydrogen sulphide ; Environmental impact of volcanic activity ; Gas hazard ; Passive samplers ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A revised Italian strong motion archive has become available since July 2007, including all the records of the strongest events occurred from 1972 to 2004. It contains the uncorrected and corrected accelerograms and the metadata relevant to seismic events, recording stations and instruments added after a careful revision. The availability of this archive allowed us to perform a first step towards an update of the reference ground motion prediction equations for Italy, which were evaluated by Sabetta and Pugliese in (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987), for peak ground acceleration and velocity, and subsequently extended to the 5% damped pseudovelocity response spectra in 1996. A subset with the 27 major earthquakes occurred in Italy from 1972 to 2002, in the magnitude range 4.6–6.9, was extracted and 235 good quality waveforms were selected, recorded at distances up to 183 km. The goodness of fit of the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) model was explored using two independent statistical approaches (Spudich et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 89:1156–1170, 1999 and Scherbaum et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94:2164– 2185, 2004). The results obtained show that the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987) does not adequately fit the new strong-motion data set, for its small standard deviation and its non-zero bias. In particular, the most noteworthy result is that the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987) over-predicts peak ground acceleration and velocity at rock sites. New coefficients for the prediction of horizontal peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and acceleration response spectra, adopting the same functional form in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987), were then evaluated in order to fit the new data set. This paper illustrates the steps made to update the existing ground motion prediction equations for Italy, discusses their limitations and provides the basis for future developments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 591–608
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ground motion prediction ; equation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Italian Accelerometic Archive (ITACA) was created in 2007 during a joint project between the Italian Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV) and the Italian Civil Protection (Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, DPC). The project, started in 2006, had the aim of filling the data gap of existing strong motion databases and facilitating strong motion data users in obtaining good quality waveforms, through the collection, homogenization and distribution of strong motion data acquired during the period 1972-2004 in Italy by different institutions (Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica, ENEL, Italian electricity company; Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ENEA, Italian energy and environment organization DPC). The compiled database contains 2182 three-component waveforms generated by 1008 earthquakes with a maximum moment magnitude of 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake) and can be accessed on-line at the portal denominated ITACA at the site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it, where a wide range of search tools enables the user to interactively retrieve events, recording stations and waveforms with particular characteristics, whose parameters can be specified, as needed, through user friendly interfaces. A range of display options allows users to view data in different contexts, extract and download time series and spectral data. This article describes the state of the art up to 2006 and the activities which led to the completion of the project.
    Description: In press
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: strong-motion ; database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A set of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for the Italian territory is proposed, exploiting a new strong-motion data set become available since July 2007 through the Italian Accelerometric Archive (ITACA). The data set is composed by 561 three-component waveforms from 107 earthquakes with moment magnitude in the range 4.0–6.9, occurred in Italy from 1972 to 2007 and recorded by 206 stations at distances up to 100 km. The functional form used to derive GMPEs in Italy (Sabetta and Pugliese in Bull Seismol Soc Am 86(2):337–352, 1996) has been modified introducing a quadratic term for magnitude and a magnitude-dependent geometrical spreading. The coefficients for the prediction of horizontal and vertical peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and 5% damped acceleration response spectra are evaluated. This paper illustrates the new data set, the regression analysis and the comparisons with recently derived GMPEs in Europe and in the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA) Project.
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Large variations of the CO2 flux through the soil were observed between November 2002 and January 2006 at Mt. Etna volcano. In many cases, the CO2 flux was strongly influenced by changes in air temperature and atmospheric pressure. A new filtering method was then developed to remove the atmospheric influences on soil CO2 flux and, at the same time, to highlight the variations strictly related to volcanic activity. Successively, the CO2 corrected data were quantitatively compared with the spectral amplitude of the volcanic tremor by cross correlation function, cross-wavelet spectrum and wavelet coherence. These analyses suggested that the soil CO2 flux variations preceded those of volcanic tremor by about 50 days. Given that volcanic tremor is linked to the shallow (a few kilometer) magma dynamics and soil CO2 flux related to the deeper (*12 km b.s.l.) magma dynamics, the “delayed similarity” between the CO2 flux and the volcanic tremor amplitude was used to assess the average speed in the magma uprising into the crust, as about 170–260 m per day. Finally, the large amount of CO2 released before the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption indicated a deep ingression of new magma, which might have triggered such an eruption.
    Description: In press
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Soil CO2 flux ; Volcanic tremor ; Cross-wavelet spectrum ; Wavelet coherence ; Cross correlation function ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: New Sr and Nd isotope data for whole rocks, glasses and minerals are combined to reconstruct the nature and origin of mixing end-members of the 200 km3 trachytic to phonolitic Campanian Ignimbrite (Campi Flegrei, Italy) magmatic system. The least-evolved magmatic end-member shows equilibrium between host glass and the majority of the phenocrysts and is less radiogenic in Sr and Nd than the most-evolved magma. On the contrary, only the Fe-rich pyroxene from the most-evolved erupted magma is in equilibrium with the matrix glass, while all other minerals are in isotopic disequilibrium. These magmas mixed prior to and during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption and minerals were freely exchanged between the magma batches. Combining the results of the geochemical investigations on magma end-members with geophysical and geological data, we develop the following scenario. In stage 1, a parental, less differentiated magma rose into the middle crust, and evolved through combined crustal assimilation and crystal fractionation. In stage 2, the differentiated magma rose to shallower depth, fed the pre-Campanian Ignimbrite activity and evolved by further open-system processes into the most-evolved and most-radiogenic Campanian Ignimbrite end-member magma. In stage 3, new trachytic magma, isotopically distinct from the pre-Campanian Ignimbrite magmas, rose from ca. 6 km to shallower depth, recharged the most-evolved pre-Campanian Ignimbrite magma chamber, and formed the large and stratified Campanian Ignimbrite magmatic system. During the course of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, the two layers were tapped separately and/or simultaneously, and gave rise to the range of chemical and isotopic values displayed by the Campanian Ignimbrite pumices, glasses and minerals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 285-300
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campanian Ignimbrite ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Mixing process ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: National seismic risk maps are an important risk mitigation tool as they can be used for the prioritization of regions within a country where retrofitting of the building stock or other risk mitigation measures should take place. The production of a seismic risk map involves the convolution of seismic hazard data, vulnerability predictions for the building stock and exposure data. The seismic risk maps produced in Italy over the past 10 years are compared in this paper with recent proposals for seismic risk maps based on state-of-the-art seismic hazard data and mechanics-based vulnerability assessment procedures. The aim of the paper is to open the discussion for the way in which future seismic risk maps could be produced, making use of the most up-to-date information in the fields of seismic hazard evaluation and vulnerability assessment.
    Description: Italian Ministry of Research and Higher Education (MIUR—Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca) through the financing of the project AIRPLANE (Advancing Interdisciplinary Research PLAtform on volcanoes aNd Earthquakes)
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic risk ; Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We show the magnetic model of the Selli-Vavilov region. The Selli Line is known as the northwestern edge of the southern Tyrrhenian basin. The tectonic evolution of the Tyrrhenian basin is dominated by a Tortonian - Quaternary extension through the eastward movement of the Apennine subduction system. This migration has generated a diffuse stretching of the continental crust with the emplacement of new oceanic material. This latter occurred in several localized zones where the eastward retreating of the Ionian subduction system produced a strong depletion of the crust with formation of basins and correlated spreading. Nowadays the presence of oceanic crust is confirmed through direct drilling investigation but a complete mapping of the oceanic crustal distribution is still lacking. The Selli-Vavilov region shows a differentiated crustal setting where seamount structures, the oceanic basement portions and continental crust blocks are superimposed. To this aim, a 2D inversion of the magnetic data of this region was conducted to define buried structures. The magnetic susceptibility pattern was computed by solving the least squares problem of the misfit between the predicted and real data for separated wavebands. This method produced two 2D models of the high and low frequency fields of the Selli-Vavilov region. The two apparent susceptibility maps provide different information for distinct ranges of depth. The results of the inversions were also combined with seismic data of the Selli region highlighting the position of the highly-magnetized buried bodies. The results confirm a role for the Selli Line as a deep crustal boundary dividing the Sardinian passive domain from the easternmost active region where different oceanic structures are located. The Selli Line has worked as a detachment fault system which has moved eastward. Finally, the Selli-Vavilov region may be interpreted as a tectonic result due to a passive asymmetrical rift occurred between the Tortonian and Pliocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: 251-266
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geomagnetism ; Tectonics ; Geodynamics ; Inversion ; Oceanic crust ; Volcanic structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Cross-spectral analysis of ULF wave measurements recorded at ground magnetometer stations closely spaced in latitude allows accurate determinations of magnetospheric field line resonance (FLR) frequencies. This is a useful tool for remote sensing temporal and spatial variations of the magnetospheric plasma mass density. The spatial configuration of the South European GeoMagnetic Array (SEGMA, 1.56 〈 L 〈 1.89) offers the possibility to perform such studies at low latitudes allowing to monitor the dynamical coupling between the ionosphere and the inner plasmasphere. As an example of this capability we present the results of a cross-correlation analysis between FLR frequencies and solar EUV irradiance (as monitored by the 10.7-cm solar radio flux F10.7) suggesting that changes in the inner plasmasphere density follow the short-term (27-day) variations of the solar irradiance with a time delay of 1–2 days. As an additional example we present the results of a comparative analysis of FLR measurements, ionospheric vertical soundings and vertical TEC measurements during the development of a geomagnetic storm.
    Description: Published
    Description: 25-27
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ULF waves ; Field line resonance ; Remote sensing ; Solar activity ; Plasmasphere ; Ionosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following the 2001 and 2002–2003 flank eruptions, activity resumed at Mt. Etna on 7 September 2004 and lasted for about 6 months. This paper presents new petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotope data from sequential samples collected during the entire 2004–2005 eruption. The progressive change of lava composition allowed defining three phases that correspond to different processes controlling magma dynamics inside the central volcano conduits. The compositional variability of products erupted up to 24 September is well reproduced by a fractional crystallization model that involves magma already stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. The progressive mixing of this magma with a distinct new one rising within the central conduits is clearly revealed by the composition of the products erupted from 24 September to 15 October. After 15 October, the contribution from the new magma gradually becomes predominant, and the efficiency of the mixing process ensures the emission of homogeneous products up to the end of the eruption. Our results give insights into the complex conditions of magma storage and evolution in the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna during a flank eruption. Furthermore, they confirm that the 2004–2005 activity at Etna was triggered by regional movements of the eastern flank of the volcano. They caused the opening of a complex fracture zone extending ESE which drained a magma stored at shallow depth since the 2002–2003 eruption. This process favored the ascent of a different magma in the central conduits, which began to be erupted on 24 September without any significant change in eruptive style, deformation, and seismicity until the end of eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 781–793
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geochemistry ; Isotopic compositions ; Magma feeding system ; Magma mixing ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2008 The Author. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Fluid Mechanics 8 (2008): 551-560, doi:10.1007/s10652-008-9076-5.
    Description: Experiments are reviewed in which a two-layer salt-stratified tank of water was mixed by turbulence. The density profile began as a single step and evolved to a smooth mixed profile. The turbulence was generated by many excursions of a horizontally moving vertical rod with Richardson number Ri 〉 0.9 and Reynolds Number Re 〉 600. There was almost perfect collapse of all the profiles to one universal profile as a function of a similarity variable. We develop a theoretical model for a simple mixing law with a buoyancy flux that is a function of internal Richardson number Rii. A similarity equation is found. A flux law that increases with small Rii and decreases with large Rii is considered next. Since no analytical solution is known, the similarity concept is tested by numerically integrating the equations in space and time. With buoyancy flux monotonically increasing with internal Richardson number, the similarity approach is valid for a profile starting from a slightly smoothed step. However, a shock forms for a mixing law with higher initial Rii (so that buoyancy flux decreases with Richardson number) and the similarity approach is invalid for those initial conditions.
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Mixing ; Stratified ; Similarity solution ; Layered fluid
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Geo-Marine Letters 29 (2009): 395-404, doi:10.1007/s00367-009-0159-1.
    Description: A program of geophysical mapping and vibracoring was conducted to better understand the geologic evolution of Apalachicola Bay. Analyses of the geophysical data and sediment cores along with age control provided by 34 AMS 14C dates on marine shells and wood reveal the following history. As sea level rose in the early Holocene, fluvial deposits filled the Apalachicola River paleochannel, which extended southward under the central part of the bay and seaward across the continental shelf. Sediments to either side of the paleochannel contain abundant wood fragments, with dates documenting that those areas were forested at 8,000 14C years b.p. As sea level continued to rise, spits formed of headland prodelta deposits. Between ~6,400 and ~2,500 14C years b.p., an Apalachicola prodelta prograded and receded several times across the inner shelf that underlies the western part of the bay. An eastern deltaic lobe was active for a shorter time, between ~5,800 and 5,100 14C years b.p. Estuarine benthic foraminiferal assemblages occurred in the western bay as early as 6,400 14C years b.p., and indicate that there was some physical barrier to open-ocean circulation and shelf species established by that time. It is considered that shoals formed in the region of the present barrier islands as the rising sea flooded an interstream divide. Estuarine conditions were established very early in the post-glacial flooding of the bay.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Marine Biology 156 (2009): 1049-1056, doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1149-6.
    Description: Behavioral observations using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in the Gulf of California in March, 2003, provided insights into the vertical distribution, feeding and anatomy of the rare and delicate ctenophore Thalassocalyce inconstans. Additional archived ROV video records from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute of 288 sightings of T. inconstans and 2,437 individual observations of euphausiids in the Gulf of California and Monterey Canyon between 1989 and 2005 were examined to determine ctenophore and euphausiid prey depth distributions with respect to temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration [dO]. In the Gulf of California most ctenophores (96.9%) were above 350 m, the top of the oxygen minimum layer. In Monterey Canyon the ctenophores were more widely distributed throughout the water column, including the hypoxic zone, to depths as great as 3,500 m. Computer-aided behavioral analysis of two video records of the capture of euphausiids by T. inconstans showed that the ctenophore contracted its bell almost instantly (0.5 s), transforming its flattened, hemispherical resting shape into a closed bi-lobed globe in which seawater and prey were engulfed. Euphausiids entrapped within the globe displayed a previously undescribed escape response for krill (‘probing behavior’), in which they hovered and gently probed the inner surfaces of the globe with antennae without stimulating further contraction by the ctenophore. Such rapid bell contraction could be effected only by a peripheral sphincter muscle even though the presence of circumferential ring musculature was unknown for the Phylum Ctenophora. Thereafter, several live T. inconstans were collected by hand off Barbados and microscopic observations confirmed that assumption.
    Description: Supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and NOAA Grant #NA06OAR4600091.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2008 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Fluid Mechanics 8 (2008): 495-509, doi:10.1007/s10652-008-9107-2.
    Description: Estuarine turbulence is notable in that both the dissipation rate and the buoyancy frequency extend to much higher values than in other natural environments. The high dissipation rates lead to a distinct inertial subrange in the velocity and scalar spectra, which can be exploited for quantifying the turbulence quantities. However, high buoyancy frequencies lead to small Ozmidov scales, which require high sampling rates and small spatial aperture to resolve the turbulent fluxes. A set of observations in a highly stratified estuary demonstrate the effectiveness of a vessel-mounted turbulence array for resolving turbulent processes, and for relating the turbulence to the forcing by the Reynolds-averaged flow. The observations focus on the ebb, when most of the buoyancy flux occurs. Three stages of mixing are observed: (1) intermittent and localized but intense shear instability during the early ebb; (2) continuous and relatively homogeneous shear-induced mixing during the mid-ebb, and weakly stratified, boundary-layer mixing during the late ebb. The mixing efficiency as quantified by the flux Richardson number Rf was frequently observed to be higher than the canonical value of 0.15 from Osborn (J Phys Oceanogr 10:83–89, 1980). The high efficiency may be linked to the temporal–spatial evolution of shear instabilities.
    Description: The funding for this research was obtained from ONR Grant N00014-06-1-0292 and NSF Grant OCE-0729547.
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Estuaries ; Shear instability ; Buoyancy flux
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 10 (2009): 497-509, doi:10.1007/s10162-009-0174-y.
    Description: The dynamic displacement of the semicircular canal cupula and modulation of afferent nerve discharge were measured simultaneously in response to physiological stimuli in vivo. The adaptation time constant(s) of normal cupulae in response to step stimuli averaged 36 s, corresponding to a mechanical lower corner frequency for sinusoidal stimuli of 0.0044 Hz. For stimuli equivalent to 40–200 deg/s of angular head velocity, the displacement gain of the central region of the cupula averaged 53 nm per deg/s. Afferents adapted more rapidly than the cupula, demonstrating the presence of a relaxation process that contributes significantly to the neural representation of angular head motions by the discharge patterns of canal afferent neurons. We also investigated changes in time constants of the cupula and afferents following detachment of the cupula at its apex—mechanical detachment that occurs in response to excessive transcupular endolymph pressure. Detached cupulae exhibited sharply reduced adaptation time constants (300 ms–3 s, n = 3) and can be explained by endolymph flowing rapidly over the apex of the cupula. Partially detached cupulae reattached and normal afferent discharge patterns were recovered 5–7 h following detachment. This regeneration process may have relevance to the recovery of semicircular canal function following head trauma.
    Description: Financial support was provided by the NIDCD R01 DC06685 (Rabbitt) and NASA GSRP 56000135 & NSF IGERT DGE- 9987616 (Breneman).
    Keywords: Vestibular ; Inner ear micromechanics ; Cupula regeneration ; Angular motion sensation ; Afferent response dynamics
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Coral Reefs 28 (2009): 327-337, doi:10.1007/s00338-009-0466-z.
    Description: Design and decision-making for marine protected areas (MPAs) on coral reefs require prediction of MPA effects with population models. Modeling of MPAs has shown how the persistence of metapopulations in systems of MPAs depends on the size and spacing of MPAs, and levels of fishing outside the MPAs. However, the pattern of demographic connectivity produced by larval dispersal is a key uncertainty in those modeling studies. The information required to assess population persistence is a dispersal matrix containing the fraction of larvae traveling to each location from each location, not just the current number of larvae exchanged among locations. Recent metapopulation modeling research with hypothetical dispersal matrices has shown how the spatial scale of dispersal, degree of advection versus diffusion, total larval output, and temporal and spatial variability in dispersal influence population persistence. Recent empirical studies using population genetics, parentage analysis, and geochemical and artificial marks in calcified structures have improved the understanding of dispersal. However, many such studies report current self-recruitment (locally produced settlement/settlement from elsewhere), which is not as directly useful as local retention (locally produced settlement/total locally released), which is a component of the dispersal matrix. Modeling of biophysical circulation with larval particle tracking can provide the required elements of dispersal matrices and assess their sensitivity to flows and larval behavior, but it requires more assumptions than direct empirical methods. To make rapid progress in understanding the scales and patterns of connectivity, greater communication between empiricists and population modelers will be needed. Empiricists need to focus more on identifying the characteristics of the dispersal matrix, while population modelers need to track and assimilate evolving empirical results.
    Description: Work by CB Paris was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-OCE 0550732. Work by M-A Coffroth and SR Thorrold was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-OCE 0424688. Work by TL Shearer was supported by an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group grant R21 TW006662-01 from the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health.
    Keywords: Connectivity ; Larval dispersal ; Marine protected areas ; Resilience ; Replacement ; Genetics
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  • 25
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 26
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    Acta biotheoretica 8 (1947), S. 87-98 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the field of vision the absolute phenomenal threshold may be expressed by the conceptual linear stimulus equation:L. t = const., respectivelyL. f = const., in whichL denotes the physical brightness intensity of light,t the stimulus duration andf the stimulus area (Bloch, Charpentier, von Kries, Piéron resp.Asher). For the former expression the temporal limits of validity extend from quite short durations up to 100σ i.e. up to duration of apparent momentariness. Correspondingly the validity of the second equation seems to extend barely to area values that appear phenomenally punctual (2–3′). In case of phenomenally momentary and punctual visual perceptions and of those being phenomenally of minimal brightness,i.e. in case of an in every point differential phenomenality the trilinear equation holds true:L. f. t = const. Concerning the supraliminal visual perceptions no such linear expression is valid. If, however, it would be possible to construct an equation representing the phenomenality of supraliminal visual perceptions, it would be very complicated and of little clarity (Reenpää). It is pointed out, that in the field of audition there exist similar relations as in the field of visual perceptions. The simple linearity of conceptual stimulus equations, when they denote differential, in every respect phenomenally minimal perceptions and on the other hand the complicated structure of expressions corresponding to supraliminal phenomenalities, show, that there exists a structural problem connected with the phenomenal and conceptual field. An attempt is made to settle this complex of problems.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans le domaine du sens visuel on peut appliquer au seuil phénoménal absolu les expressions d'excitation linéairesL. t = constante, respectivementL. f = constante. Dans ces expressionsL signifie l'intensité lumineuse physique,t le temps de l'excitation etf la surface de l'excitation (Bloch, Charpentier, von Kries, Piéron resp.Asher). Le domaine de la validité du temps de la première expression s'étend d'un temps très court jusqu'à un espace de temps d'env. 100σ c'est-à-dire jusqu'à des périodes de temps qu'on peut encore percevoir comme phénoménalement momentanées. En analogie avec ceci le domaine de validité de la deuxième expression mentionnée semble s'étendre seulement jusqu'à de telles surfaces (2 jusqu'à 3′) qui apparaissent encore phénoménalement ponctuelles. Dans les perceptions visuelles phénoménalement momentanées, ponctuelles et d'un minimum d'intensité, par conséquent dans une phénoménalité sous tous les rapports différentielle, on peut appliquer l'expression d'excitation trilinéaireL. f. t = constante. En ce qui concerne les sensations lumineuses dépassant le seuil il n′y a aucunes expressions linéaires pour les rendre; dans le cas oú l'on pourrait en établir, elles sont compliquées (Reenpää). Il est indiqué que dans le domaine du sens de l'ouïe il se présente des conditions analogues que dans le domaine du sens visuel. La linéarité simple des expressions d'excitation applicable aux cas des sensations différentielles, c'est-à-dire des sensations sous tous les rapports phénoménalement minimes, et de l'autre côté, la structure compliquée des expressions, correspondant à des phénoménalités dépassant le seuil, montrent, qu'il est question ici d'un problème de structure qui est associé à la relation réciproque des phénoménalités et des fonctionalités. Dans cet article l'auteur essaie d'élucider ce complexe de problèmes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf dem Gebiete des Gesichtssinnes gelten an der phänomenalen, absoluten Schwelle die begrifflichen, linearen ReizausdrückeL. t = Konstante bzw.L. f = Konstante, in denenL die physikalische Lichtintensität,t die Reizzeitdauer undf die Reizfläche bedeuten (Bloch, Charpentier, von Kries, Piéron bzw.Asher). Der zeitliche Gültigkeitsbereich des erstgenannten Ausdrucks erstreckt sich von ganz kurzen bis zu Zeitdauern von etwa 100σ, d.h. bis zu Zeitdauern die phänomenal eben noch als momentan empfunden werden. Entsprechend scheint sich der Gültigkeitsbereich des zweitgenannten Ausdrucks nur bis zu solchen Flächengrössen (2 bis 3′) zu erstrecken, die phänomenal eben noch als punktuell erscheinen. Bei phänomenal momentanen, punktuellen und minimalintensiven Gesichtserlebnissen, also bei in allen Hinsichten differentieller Phänomenalität gilt der trilineare ReizausdruckL. f. t = Konstante. Für überschwellige Lichtempfindungen gelten keine linearen Ausdrücke; alle aufgestellten sind kompliziert (nichtlinear) und ziemlich undurchsichtig (Reenpää). Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass auf dem Gebiete des Gehörssinnes ähnliche Verhältnisse wie auf dem Gebiete des Gesichtes vorliegen. Die einflache Linearität der begrifflichen Reizausdrücke einerseits, wenn sie differentielle, in allen Hinsichten phänomenal minimale Erlebnisse wiedergeben, und andererseits die komplizierte Struktur der Ausdrücke, wenn sie überschwellige Phänomenalitäten wiedergeben, bezeugen, dass hier ein Strukturproblem vorliegt, welches im Zusammenhang mit dem gegenseitigen Verhältnis vom Phänomenalen und Begrifflichen steht. Dieser Problemkomplex wird in dieser Abhandlung zu behandeln versucht.
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    Acta biotheoretica 8 (1947), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Résumé L'auteur décrit dans cette troisième communication le développement de la constitution humaine basant sur une différente célérité de la différentiation des parties élémentaires du corps. L'isodromie des parties homologiques de deux individus est représentée par la même célérité de leurs phases de la différentiation, l'anisodromie par une célérité différente. Chapitre B: Le phénomène de la retardation ou de l'accélération de la differentiation est appliqué à une classification typologique de l'homme. Chapitre C: La normalité biologique est le degré moyen de la célérité de la différentiation des parties élémentaires. Chapitre D: Le phénomène de la célérité différente des phases de la différentiation est appliqué au domaine de l'écologie de l'homme. La „normalité de la biocénose“ (van der Klaauw) et la normalité biologique de la constitution d'un groupe d'individus représentent la base typologique de la personalité de l'homme.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Experiments on determination of the difference threshold of visual size using different, weak lights, near the absolute intensity threshold, are presented. Contrary to the complicated formulae obtained when the light is bright, near the minimal intensity threshold a simple bilinear equation holds true: the product of the stimulus threshold of visual size (measured in arbitrary units,e.g. mm.) and the intensity threshold (measured in arbitrary units Lux) is found to be invariant. The significance of the findings are discussed in connection with similar, previous results.
    Abstract: Résumé Des expériences pour déterminer le seuil spatial différentiel (visuel), en utilisant différentes lumières faibles, à la limite du seuil de l'intensité absolue, sont exposées. Contrairement aux formules compliquées qu'onn obtient avec des lumières intenses, près du seuil minime de l'intensité, une simple expression bilinéaire est valable: le produit du seuil spatial (mesuré en unités arbitraires, p. ex. en millimètres) et du seuil de l'intensité (mesuré en unités arbitraires de Lux) est invariable. La signification de ce fait est discutée, en même temps que des résultats analogues antérieurs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Versuche zur Bestimmung der Abhängigkeit der Unterschiedsschwelle einer geometrischen Grössendimension von der Intensität bei verschiedener schwacher, nahe der absoluten Intensitätsschwelle liegender Lichter. Im Gegensatz zu den komplizierten Formeln, die die Abhängigkeit bei höheren Lichtintensitäten dargeben, gilt nahe der Minimalschwelle der Intensität ein bilinearer Ausdruck der Invarianz des Produkts der Reizunterschiedsschwelle der Grössendimension (in arbirärem, z.B. mm Masstab gemessen) und der Lichtintensität (in arbiträrem Lux Masstab). Die Bedeutung des Befundes im Zusammenhang mit früheren ähnlichen Ergebnissen wird besprochen.
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 76 (1947), S. 319-324 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die hemmende Wirkung verschiedener Antibiotica, hauptsächlich aus der Chinonreihe, auf die Wasserstoffperoxydspaltung durch Blutkatalase gemessen. Die Blutkatalase diente in diesem Falle als Modellsubstanz für Katalasen bakteriellen Ursprungs. Die Resultate ergaben, daß von den Chinonen gerade die antibiotisch stärkst wirksamen, wie das 4-Methoxytoluchinon und das Methylnaphthazarin, eine nur sehr geringe hemmende Wirkung gegenüber der Katalaseaktivität zeigten, während bakteriostatisch schwach wirksame Substanzen, wie das p-Benzochinon und das 1,2-Naphthochinon, die Katalasewirkung stark hemmten. Bei den Chinonen wurde eine bemerkenswerte Übereinstimmung mit den Hemmungswerten, welche bei früheren Versuchen über die Hemmung der Ureaseaktivität durch dieselben Substanzen erhalten wurden, festgestellt. Von den Antibiotica anderer chemischer Konstitution, die auch auf ihre antikatalatische Wirkung geprüft wurden, hatten das Na-Salz des Penicillins, das Patulin und die Salicylsäure in den geprüften Konzentrationen keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Hemmwirkung auf die Katalaseaktivität. Aus den Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, daß es unwahrscheinlich ist, daß die antibakterielle Wirkung der untersuchten Substanzen auf ihrer katalasehemmenden Wirkung beruht.
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 264-281 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 282-292 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 333-342 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 352-375 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 1-2 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 24-44 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 76 (1947), S. 200-214 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 76 (1947), S. 231-248 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 58-64 
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 77 (1947), S. 224-250 
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
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    Topics: Physics
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 52-67 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Absorptionsspektrum des NdF3 wird photographiert. Es treten Gruppen von reinen Elektronensprunglinien auf und Linien, bei denen gleichzeitig Gitterschwingungen angeregt werden. Die Schwingungsfrequenzen sind grö\er als in wasserhaltigen Nd-Salzen. Die Liniengruppen entstehen durch Aufspaltung der Terme im elektrischen Kristallfeld. Im äu\eren Magnetfeld spalten die Linien weiter auf, während die des PrF3 nicht mehr aufspalten (Kramerssche Entartung). Aus der Komponentenzahl der Liniengruppen wird die innere QuantenzahlJ der angeregten Terme bestimmt.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 2-29 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Diffusion von Gasen ineinander ist von einem Wärmestrom begleitet, der zu vorübergehenden Temperaturunterschieden führt. Die Theorie dieser Erscheinung wurde in zwei früheren Arbeiten entwickelt. Exakt berechnen lie\en sich das Temperaturzeitintegral $$\oint = \int\limits_0^\infty {(T - T_0 )} $$ dt und der asymptotische Temperaturverlauf (T-T 0)asympt. Ersteres ist proportional dem Thermodiffusionsfaktorα, letzterer hängt au\er von der Höhe des Gefä\es fast nur vom DiffusionskoeffizientenD ab. — In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Theorie experimentell geprüft und der Effekt danach zur Messung bisher unbekannterα undD angewandt. Die experimentelle Methode beruht auf der Bemerkung, da\ man ∮ und (T-T 0)asympt bei Messung mit dem Widerstandsthermometer aus dem registrierten Galvanometerausschlag richtig erhält trotz Trägheit und Dämpfung der Drehspule. Der benutzte Diffusionsapparat konnte auf verschiedene Kammerhöhen ι eingestellt, die Temperatür an verschiedenen Stellenz gemessen werden. Die von der Theorie geforderte Abhängigkeit des ∮ vonl undz sowie des (T-T 0)asympt vonl wurde in zahlreichen Diffusionsversuchen mit 80% N2, 20% H2↔N2 bestätigt. Ferner wurden bei festeml undz, aber für verschiedene Mischungsverhältnisse dieα von H2/N2, A, CO2; N2/A, CO2 und dieD von H2/N2, CO2; N2/O2; O2/CO2 gemessen und fast alle innerhalb der Versuchsfehler in übereinstimmung mit Literaturwerten befunden, die nach anderen Methoden gewonnen sind. Die kinetische Theorie und die Thermodynamik irreversibler Prozesse ist damit für den Fall der Diffusion und Wärmeleitung in Gasgemischen wohl bestätigt. Auf Grund dieser Bestätigung der Theorie wurden sodann mehrere, bisher unbekannte α (von N2/O2; O2/A, CO2; A/CO2; H2/D2) undD (von H2, N2, O2/A; N2, A/CO2; H2/D2) mittels des Diffusionsthermoeffekts gemessen. Sämtliche Resultate sind in gekürzter Form in Tabelle 13 zusammengestellt. Thermodiffusionsfaktoren und Diffusionskoeffizienten werden durch die neue Me\methode vielleicht mit zu den am einfachsten und genauesten bestimmbaren Gasdaten gehören.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 68-76 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Differentialgleichung der wandstabilisierten Lichtbogenentladung wird unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeleitung durch ambipolare Trägerdiffusion für einen speziellen Fall integriert. Die so erhaltene Temperaturverteilung über den Rohrradius wird mit Temperaturverteilungen, die man bei gleichem Druck und Rohrradius unter Vernachlässigung der ambipolaren Trägerdiffusion erhält, verglichen. Hierbei werden erstens der Gradient, zweitens die Leistung und drittens die Stromstärke in den beiden Entladungen festgehalten. Es ergibt sich, da\ die ambipolare Diffusion die Temperaturverteilungen nicht wesentlich abändert. Bei den absoluten Zahlenwerten von Spannung, Strom und Leistung sind jedoch Unterschiede bis zur Grö\enordnung 2 zu beobachten.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 77-79 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es empfiehlt sich,g in seiner Grundbedeutung als Feldstärke, als Kraft je Masseneinheit,g=981 dun/g, einzuführen. Die Kürzung zur Dimension Beschleunigung ist auf wirkliche Bewegungsvorgänge, vor allem den freien Fall, einzuschränken.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 30-51 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In stationär strömenden Gasen kann ein dauernder Diffusionsvorgang stattfinden, und dementsprechend bewirkt der Diffusionswärmestrom in diesem Fall ein zeitlich konstantes Temperaturfeld. Zunächst werden die Grundgleichungen des Effekts, bei dem Wärmeentwicklung durch innere Reibung praktisch keine Rolle spielt, zusammengestellt und auf eine idealisierte Versuchsanordnung mit ebenen, adiabatischen Wänden angewandt. Bei nicht zu kleiner Strömungsgeschwindigkeit entstehen Temperaturdifferenzen von derselben Grö\e wie bei der (nichtstationären) Diffusion ruhender Gase. Einfacher als die vollständige Berechnung des Temperaturfelds ist die des Temperaturlinienintegrals $$\Psi = \int\limits_{ - \infty }^\infty {(T - T_0 )} $$ dz, welche für eine praktisch realisierbare Anordnung — bestehend aus zwei Rohren, die längs einer gemeinsamen Mantellinie durch einen schmalen, genügend langen Diffusionsschlitz in Verbindung sind—durchgeführt wird.ψ erweist sich als proportional dem Thermodiffusionsfaktor α und der reduzierten Geschwindigkeit ¯w=¯wIwII/(¯wI+¯wII), wo ¯wI,II die Geschwindigkeiten der beiden Gasströme sind. Mit einer solchen Versuchsanordnung wurde an H2↔N2 der Effekt experimentell nachgewiesen und näher untersucht. Wie erwartet, erwärmt sich der H2-Strom, während der N2-Strom sich abkühlt. Der Zusammenhang ψ ∼ ¯w konnte bestätigt werden. Aus Messungen an 80% N2, 20% H2↔N2 und H2↔ 20% N2, 80% H2 wurde überdiesα entnommen und in übereinstimmung mit den früheren, aus dem nichtstationären Effekt erhaltenen Werten befunden.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 118-120 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Lage der ultravioletten Absorptionskante für KCl, KBr und KJ für verschiedene Temperaturen bis über den Schmelzpunkt des Kristalles hinaus bestimmt. Am Schmelzpunkt springt die Absorptionskante um 0,7 e-Volt in Richtung längerer Wellen.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 80-104 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der gesamten, die Teile I bis IV umfassenden Arbeit werden die bei der unelastischen Streuung von Elektronen an Kristallen beobachteten Kikuchi-Enveloppen theoretisch behandelt. Wegen der sehr komplizierten Interferenzvorgänge wird im vorliegenden Teil I eine anschauliche qualitative Theorie der tatsächlichen Vorgänge entwickelt, die zu den Kikuchi-Enveloppen führen. (Eine in den Teilen II bis IV zu bringende quantitative Theorie mu\ leider nach v.Laue mit den weniger anschaulichen reziproken Wellenvorgängen operieren). — In den bisherigen Theorien der Gitterbeugung von Elektronen wird durchgehend angenommen, da\ dieeinzelne Netzebene eine auffallende Welle nur schwach reflektiert. Eine hinreichend flach auf eineeinzelne dicht besetzte (d. h. niedrig indizierte) Netzebene auffallende Elektronenwelle wird jedoch von dieser schon praktisch vollständig reflektiert, so da\ es erforderlich ist, die bisherige Theorie in dieser Hinsicht zu vervollständigen. Dabei ergibt es sich, da\ die Kikuchi-Enveloppen durch solche flach auffallenden Elektronenwellen hervorgerufen werden, und zwar auf zwei wesentlich verschiedene Weisen, nämlich: Denkt man sich die von einem unelastisch streuenden Kristallatom ausgehende Kugelwelle in lauter ebene Wellen aller möglichen Fortschreitungsrichtungen zerlegt, so entstehen infolge des hohen Reflexionsvermögens der einzelnen Netzebene bei den flach auffallenden ebenen Wellen Zickzackreflexionen zwischen zwei benachbarten Netzebenen. Falls je zwei verschieden oft zickzackreflektierte Wellen in Phase stehen, werden die Eigenschwingungen des Kristalls angeregt. Diese bestehen aus Raumgitter-Eigenschwingungen und der sogenanntenTamm-schen Oberflächenwelle. Durch Abbeugung aus diesen beiden Arten von Eigenschwingungen in dieFraunhoferschen Beugungsrichtungen des Netzebenenkreuzgitters entstehen zwei Arten von Enveloppen, nämlich die Raumgitter- und die Oberflächen-Enveloppe. Wesentlich dabei ist, da\ die Raumgitter-Enveloppe durch die modifizierteBraggsche Bedingung (1. 706) bestimmt ist, herrührend vom hohen Reflexionsvermögen der einzelnen Netzebene für flach auffallende Elektronenwellen. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse über die Gestalt der beiden Arten von Enveloppen lassen sich Schlüsse auf das Auftreten von inneren Spaltflächen (Rissen) im bestrahlten Kristall ziehen.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 105-117 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, da\ sich aus den Gleichungen spezieller Fälle, die Päsler u. a. als Beispiel zur Anwendung einer von ihm entwickelten Theorie der inneren Reibung anführt, eine formal mit der Fundamental-Differentialgleichung der Theorie vonBennewitz undRötger übereinstimmende Beziehung herleiten lä\t. Man geht hierzu von der erweiterten Bewegungsgleichung des Schwingers und der verallgemeinerten Wärmeleitungsgleichung aus und eliminiert aus ihnen die durch die Deformation des Schwingers in diesem entstehende übertemperatur, wodurch man zu einer Differentialgleichung für den Verschiebungsvektor gelangt. Diese erweist sich als separierbar, wenn man für den Verschiebungsvektor einen Produktansatz macht, dessen ortsabhängiger Teil das Integral der Schwingerbewegungsgleichung ohne Berücksichtigung der inneren Dämpfung ist, während der den zeitlichen Verlauf beschreibende Faktor unbestimmt bleibt. Es zeigt sich, da\ dieser dann einer derBennewitz-Rötgerschen Differentialgleichung analogen Relation genügen mu\. Diese Tatsache ermöglicht es insbesondere, den vonBennewitz undRötger in ihren Rechnungen eingeführten „zusätzlichen“ Elastizitätsmodulɛ für die genannten Fälle streng durch experimentell bestimmbare Materialkonstanten auszudrücken. Das gleiche gilt von. dem Ausgleichskoeffizientenγ, der sich als proportional dem Wärmeleitvermögen des Schwingers erweist. Schlie\lich wird gezeigt, wie man mit Hilfe einer bekannten Analogiebetrachtung die Grö\enɛ undγ „elektrisch realisieren“ kann.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 129-134 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung, welche der phänomenologische Begriff der inneren Temperatur für die theoretische Behandlung des gehemmten Energieaustausches zwischen inneren Freiheitsgraden und der Translationsbewegung von Gasmolekülen, insbesondere für die Anwendungen auf Schallabsorption und-dispersion und Wärmeleitung in Gasen, hat, wird die Anwendbarkeit dieses Begriffes untersucht und sein Gültigkeitsbereich näher abgegrenzt.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 135-143 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachweis des Ohmschen Leitungsmechanismus im Supraleiter aus Beobachtungen vonMcLennan und Mitarbeitern aus dem Jahre 1932.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 121-128 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus der experimentell gefundenen Verschiebung und dem Aufspaltungsbild von Multiplett-Termen im elektrischen Feld wird die Oszillatorenstärke von übergängen zu benachbarten Zuständen bestimmt. Es ergeben sich für dief-Werte eine obere und unter Zuhilfenahme des f-Summensatzes auch eine untere Grenze. Das Verfahren wird auf den 3P 1/2, 3/2 Term des Natriums angewandt. Es ergibt sich für den übergang 3P 1/2, 3/2 − 3D 3/2, 5/2 0,85 〈f 3D〈 0,93 und für den übergang 3P 1/2, 3/2 − 4S 1/2 0,14 〈f 4S 〈 0,17.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 144-153 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Symmetriebedingungen „einseitigen“ Gleitvermögens werden für den Makrokristall und das Diskontinuum kurz besprochen. Für das Beispiel des Kaliumchlorats KClO3 wird eine kristallstrukturelle Begründung gegeben. Umgekehrt wird aus der Struktur nachgewiesen, warum bei Zyanit Gleitung praktisch gleich gut in Richtung und Gegenrichtung verläuft, während der Baryt als ein Beispiel für echte zweiseitige Gleitung bei entsprechend hoher Symmetrie vorgeführt wird. — Auf das Problem der gitterdynamischen Uneinheitlichkeit reziproker Schiebungen, das ist gewisser mechanischer Zwillingsdeformationen gleichen Schiebungsbetrages, wird am Beispiel des Kaliumchlorats hingewiesen.
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    The European physical journal 124 (1947), S. 154-174 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Unterteil A werden die zu den Kikuchi-Enveloppen führendenreziproken Wellenvorgänge auf anschauliche Weise ohne Rechnungen dargestellt. (Die nähere Durchrechnung soll in den später erscheinenden Teilen III und IV erfolgen.) Diese Wellenvorgänge entstehen folgenderma\en durch elastische Streuung der vom Vakuum einfallenden Elektronenwelle im Kristallgitter: Die einfallende Elektronenwelle wird an den zur Kristalloberfläche parallelen Netzebenenkreuzgittern mit schwacher Intensität in derenFraunhoferschen B. R. abgebeugt. Die flach gegen diese Netzebenenschar verlaufenden Beugungswellen verstärken sich aus zwei wesentlich verschiedenen Gründen durch Interferenz, nämlich: Einmal regt die in derobersten Netzebene flach abgebeugte Welle infolge der durch Totalreflexion hervorgerufenen fortgesetzten Zickzackreflexionen bei günstiger Phase die Oberflächen-Eigenschwingung des Kristalls an (Tammsche Oberflächenwelle). Andererseits verstärken sich die an denverschiedenen Netzebenen flach abgebeugten Wellen und geben zur Entstehung von Raumgitter-Eigenschwingungen des Kristalles Anla\. Die hierfür ma\gebende Bedingung (2. 301) kann auch alsBraggsche Bedingung aufgefa\t werden, die jedoch infolge des starken Einflusses der zur Oberfläche parallelen Netzebenenschar auf die flach auffallende Beugungswelle modifiziert werden mu\. Bei Umkehrung der Fortpflanzungsrichtung aller Wellen ergeben sich die im Teil I 2) auf direktem Wege beschriebenen, zur Oberflächen- bzw. Raumgitter-Enveloppe führenden Wellenvorgänge. Auf Grund dieser Betrachtungen wird im Unterteil B die Gestalt der Oberflächen- und Raumgitter-Enveloppe mit Hilfe der erlaubten und verbotenen Energiebänder aufgezeichnet, wobei sich in allen Einzelheiten übereinstimmung mit den Experimenten ergibt. Der Zusammenhang der Oberflächen-Enveloppe mit den sogenanntenSternschen Dellen wird diskutiert. Ein von anderer Seite vermuteter Zusammenhang mit denWoodschen Banden besteht nicht (Abschnitt 4).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 383-384 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 26-27 
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    Notes: Summary The variation of the specific heat with extension was determined for several samples of rubber. Non-vulcanized rubber shows no change of the specific heat when extended between 0 and 300%. For vulcanized rubber, there is a very slight increase of the specific heat, proportional to the extension. For some samples a knee in the curve appears at about 200% (at room temperature), the linear increase of specific heat being about ten times higher for higher extensions. It is supposed that this sudden increase is related to the «heat of crystallization».
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 27-28 
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    Notes: Résumé L'acide cétonique deSamuel etManasse obtenu par la transformation du quinone camphorique a été déjà réduit par l'auteur avec formation d'un acide saturé, C10H18O2, dont la constitution est maintenant prouvé par sa synthèse. L'auteur a trouvé aussi que l'éther méthylique de l'acide 2-méthylcyclopentan-1-ol-1-carboxylique fournit par transformation pinacolique un mélange de 2:2:3-triméthyl- et 2:2:6-triméthylcyclohexanones.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 29-30 
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    Notes: Summary Sixteen individuals of different types of sugars have been investigated as to their ability of inhibiting the visible heat coagulation of serum. When bovine serum was diluted with an equal amount of water and maintained at 70° C during half an hour, the following sugars were able to prevent coagulation in a minimum concentration of 5% per volume:l-arabinose,d-ribose,l-ascorbic acid, and digitoxose.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 28-29 
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    Notes: Summary We have just seen that the major course of a substitution reaction is determined by the nature of the groups already attached to the anthraquinone ring. The fact that pure members of the anthraquinone series may be readily prepared by catalytical dehalogenation, in the presence of Ni Raney under pressure at elevated temperature, is established. The fact that factors influencing the replacement of bromine by hydrogen are substituted groups in the para position is emphasized. These catalytic reductions are indicative of the peculiar effect of a substituted group on another atom or group in the para position.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 30-30 
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    Notes: Summary Two possible objections against the diffusion theory of water permeability in protoplasm1 are discussed. One is refuted, while the other is valid. But it causes no change of the formula which has been derived for the calculation of water permeation constants strictly comparable to the constants of permeating osmotica.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 34-35 
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    Notes: Summary Contrary toGaffron, 1934, it has been shown that when flies flee from the catching hand, this reaction is merely due to optical stimuli (experiments with flies behind glass). Air movements play no part in this connection (experiments with blinded flies).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 42-44 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 38-42 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 36-37 
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    Notes: Summary There is described an apparatus to produce optically a set of error curves of variable height and breadth. Electrophoresis-diagrams obtained with the arrangements ofLongsworth andPhilpot-Svensson may be evaluated by comparison of the measured curve with the corresponding curve of the set.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 44-44 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 385-393 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 428-428 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 455-456 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird ein Extrakt von Schweinedarm (Enterogastron), der die durch Histamin erzeugte Magensekretion herabsetzt, elektrophoretisch untersucht. 2. Die aktive Enterogastronfraktion scheint keine elektrophoretische Beweglichkeit zu besitzen. 3. Enterogastron ist wahrscheinlich keine proteinähnliche Substanz. 4. Die Resultate werden besprochen und zu früheren Untersuchungen über die Chemie des Enterogastrons in Beziehung gesetzt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 456-458 
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    Notes: Summary (1) LiCl increases the viscosity and decreases the rigidity of nucleohistone; NaSCN has opposite effects. (2) The effects of LiCl and NaSCN on the viscosity of amphibian embryo extracts, as observed byRanzi and his coworkers, seem to be due to the action of these salts on nucleohistone.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 459-460 
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    Notes: Summary The fatty liver in phosphorus poisoning of rabbits shows a marked increase of cytochrome c.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 458-459 
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    Notes: Summary We determined the sodium, chloride, and protein content of sera on the one hand, and the same constituents in pleural, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluid on the other. We found the proportions of sodium and chlorine of serum and corresponding fluid to be identical with the proportions calculated according tovan Slyke's formula on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. Consequently one cannot draw any diagnostic conclusions from the sodium or chlorine content of these fluids, as they depend solely on the sodium or chlorine content of the serum and the protein content of the serum and fluid.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 462-464 
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    Notes: Summary Technique and discussion of a spectrophotometric method to determine cytochromec. Normal values of rabbits and rats.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 464-465 
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    Notes: Summary The complexes of organs induced by centrifugation of Amphibia blastulas or gastrulas interfere with the primary axis of the embryo: (a) explantates of centrifugated ectoblast are always poorer in differentiation than the same ectoblast leftin situ; (b) the complexes arising in the ventral part of the embryo have the tendency to elongate parallel to the main axis of the embryo and become connected with the head of the primary embryo; (c) grafts made on Axolotl eggs show that, when the reaction is poor, it cannot express itself except in cases of close contact with the normal organizer; (d) reciprocally, implants of strongly reacting centrifugated ectoblast placed on the ventral part of a normal gastrula of Pleurodeles induce modifications of the primary organs, viz. the transformation of the first somites into chorda. These facts lead to the conclusion that quantitative factors—and not qualitative—are effective in the differentiation of the embryo.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 121-122 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 122-123 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 124-124 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 125-136 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 149-151 
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    Notes: Summary It has been found that cyclisation of α-halogenated β-naphthalene-thioglycolic acids can occur in α-position with the elimination of the halogen. The influence of the temperature and of a further substituent (halogen) in the second nucleus are discussed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 137-148 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 148-149 
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    Notes: Summary It was possible to produce bariumtitanate monocrystals with ferroelectric qualities, which is shown in the temperature curve of the dielectric constant, in the resonance frequency, and also in hysteresis phenomena.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 149-149 
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    Notes: Summary K(CdCl3) has a structure of the E 24-type. In comparison with the isotype (NH4) (CdCl3) only two of the three lattice constants have noticeably different values. They area andb which show a contraction of about 2%, whereas the constantc is about the same for both salts.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 149-149 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die kürzlich vonGoldberg und Mitarbeitern erhaltenen Resultate bei einer Esterkondensation nachDieckmann zeigen erneut, daß bei dieser Reaktion die einer Alkylgruppe benachbarte aktive Methylengruppe nicht in Reaktion tritt, falls anderweitige Ringbildungsmöglichkeiten vorliegen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 152-153 
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    Notes: Summary The author proposes a new formulation of the mechanism of action of the enzyme catalase.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 151-152 
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    Notes: Summary Polygalacturonic acids (pectic acids) can easily be esterified by epoxides (ethylene oxide, 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol, epichlorhydrin, etc.) in the presence of water. Under favorable conditions the degradation of the macromolecules is negligible. Some properties of the glycol esters of polygalacturonic acid which are similar to those of the methyl esters of polygalacturonic acid (pectinic acids) are described. The glycol and glycerol esters, however, are not saponified by the enzyme pectase. These compounds react much more rapidly with formaldehyde than pectinic acid which does not possess primary hydroxyl groups.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 154-155 
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    Notes: Résumé MgCl2 et d'autres sels à des concentrations définies protègent la respiration de la levure de boulangerie contre l'action inhibitrice de colorants basiques.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 153-154 
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    Notes: Summary The electrophoretic patterns of normal casein (precipitated with acid from cow's milk) and of rennetcasein obtained in a veronal buffer at ap H of 7.3 are remarkably different from each other. The ascending boundary of the α-fraction of casein treated with rennet splits off into two peaks showing the presence of two subfractions (α1 and α2). The proportion of quantity of the faster (α1) and of the slower (α2) subfraction was found to be about 0.9:1. The α-component of casein which was not treated with active rennet behaved under the same conditions electrophoretically uniform.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 156-157 
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    Notes: Summary A decrease in growth rate of the antennal bud by means of colchicine deflects the differentiation of theAristopedia antenna towards an arista.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 155-156 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Befunde vonDarling undRoughton wurden mathematisch mittels der stöchiometrischen Gleichung analysiert. Entgegen der Meinung jener Versuche sind der vorgenannten Gleichung nach in einer Lösung von Hämoglobin plus Methämoglobin (durch Ferrizyanid) nur Moleküle anwesend, deren vier Eisenatome alle in dem Ferro- bzw. in dem Ferrizustand sind.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 157-158 
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    Notes: Summary (1) The greatest age ofMyotis myotis hitherto ascertained by means of the marking method, is 12 years. (2) The annual loss, observed with striking regularity, amounts to 40%. (3) It is remarkable that in the first years of control the number of losses of females is far higher than that of males. This observation coincides with the ascertained fact that the reported number of females found dead is nearly double the corresponding number of males. (4) According to the notifications of dead animals found the months most rich losses are May and June. Evidently the females are particularly exposed to peril by the development of the embryo which takes place at that time, and by the breeding of their young ones.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 161-162 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die experimentellen Bedingungen für die Bestimmung des Plasmavolumens beim Hund mit Hilfe von Evans-Blau T. 1824 werden genau besprochen. Zahlenbeispiele belegen die gute Übereinstimmung von berechneten und gefundenen Werten.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 160-161 
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    Notes: Summary A method is described that allows blood samples to be taken repeatedly from the suprarenal vein, without changing the circulation in the adrenal glands or eliciting reflexes which could interfere with the adrenalin secretion. The vasoconstrictor properties of the blood samples are tested on an isolated blood vessel preparation.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 384-384 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 28-28 
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    Notes: Summary Starting fromm-trifluorotoluidine, we have prepared both the 5- and 7-trifluoroquinolines. These are the first fluorinated quinolines ever prepared, where fluorine is in the side chain. Their physical and chemical properties are described; the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group in the molecule of quinoline increases its stability and greatly diminishes the constant of ionization.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 1-11 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 32-34 
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    Notes: Summary According to the writer's theory a great number of different desoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids exist in each cell: desoxyribonucleic acids in the nucleus (genes) and ribonucleic acids in the cytoplasm (microsomes). Through catalytic actions the macromolecular desoxyribonucleic acids govern the building of macromolecular ribonucleic acids, and, in turn, these control the production of cytoplasmic enzymes. In truth, the enzymic equipment results simultaneously from the effect of ribonucleic acids (catalytic action) and from the effect of substrates (mass action). This hypothesis explains cellular differentiation (multicellular organism) through constitutional variations of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acids. The writer's fundamental arguments come from the study of bacterial biology, especially from the study of mutations directed by principles of desoxyribonucleic nature.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 30-32 
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    Notes: Summary The centrifugation of the Amphibia blastula or gastrula produces in the ectoblastic area the appearance of complexes of ecto- and mesoblastic organs. Experiments of explantations and cultivationin vitro and also of grafts on a normal embryo demonstrate that those very abnormal secundary embryos are formed without any intervention of the normal organizer. The ectoblastic cells that undergo this increase of morphogenetic potential are characterized by a great concentration of ribonucleic acid in their cytoplasm (this part of work in collaboration withJ. Brachet). Those secundary embryos vary greatly in their frequence, their nature, and their location, depending on the stage in which the centrifugation was done. It is supposed that the nature of the organs formed is dependent on the degree of potency attained by the ectoblast at the time when the reaction arises that is produced by the cellular trauma.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 35-35 
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    Notes: Summary Although they induce in the rectus abdominis muscle ofRana a veratrine-like contracture, glycerine, formaldehyde, paraldehyde and acetaldehyde cannot be regarded as veratrinic substances because they do not sensitize for the contraction produced by the K-ion.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 411-412 
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    Notes: Summary The purification and crystallization of bacterial α-amylase are described. It is not identical with pancreas α-amylase, but its action on starch is the same.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 394-397 
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