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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the ionospheric absorption at 2775 kHz on the intensity of ionizing radiation—Ionospheric implications (1976)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 114 (1976), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The results of comparisons of experimental data on the A3 2775 kHz absorption, X-ray (1–8 Å) flux and Lyman-α radiation are compared with model data on ionization-rate and radio-wave absorption height profiles. The Lyman-α radiation is found to dominate even in the upper D-region ionization (except flare conditions). A significant increase of usually used nitric oxide concentrations from rocket airglow measurements is required for achieving the best agreement between experimental and model data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876933
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide concentration near the mesopause as deduced from ionospheric absorption measurements (1982)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: NO concentration ; Ionospheric implications of A3 absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide concentration in the upper D-region is estimated by comparing empirically derived ratios of Lyman-α and X-ray contributions to the total radio-wave absorption (2775 kHz. A3 method) in medium latitudes with model ratios. Typical NO concentrations are about 8.5×1013 m−3, at 90 km and 6.5×1013 m−3 at 78 km. These values are higher than generally accepted model NO concentrations, but lie within the broad range of experimental values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876646
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of the solar Lyman-α radiation in ionospheric absorption at 2775 kHz (1974)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 112 (1974), S. 655-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The data on the ionospheric absorption of radio waves (A3, 2775 kHz) are compared with satellite data on the solar Lyman-α and X-ray (1–8 Å) radiation, for the period of summer 1969. The prevailing role of Lyman-α in absorption is found under undisturbed and even slightly disturbed conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satellite measurements of solar X-ray flux and their use for interpretation of sudden ionospheric disturbances (1972)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 98 (1972), S. 178-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The apparatus for the reception and evaluation of the real-time telemetry (RTT) data on the X-ray flux, measured by the satellite Solrad-9, is briefly described. A comparison of the RTT data obtained with the data published by the authors of the experiment shows a good correlation of the data compared. The results of the comparison of our RTT data with SID data of the Panská Ves Observatory confirm many known facts concerning the response of the lower ionosphere to solar flares and, moreover, seem to support the idea of a less important role of X-rays in the lower ionosphere under slightly disturbed conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00875593
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the characteristics of the annual and semiannual variations observed in the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1336-1343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere - atmosphere interactions; mid-latitude ionosphere) ; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The continuous increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is expected to cool higher levels of the atmosphere. There is some direct and indirect experimental evidence of long-term trends in temperature and other parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Here we look for long-term trends in the annual and semiannual variations of the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere, which corresponds to the MLT region heights. Data from central and southeastern Europe are used. A consistent tendency to a positive trend in the amplitude of the semiannual wave appears to be observed. The reality of a similar tendency in the amplitude of the annual wave is questionable in the sense that the trend in the amplitude of the annual wave is probably induced by the trend in the yearly average values of absorption. The phases of both the annual and semiannual waves display a forward tendency, i.e. shift to an earlier time in the year. A tentative interpretation of these results in terms of changes of the seasonal variation of temperature and wind at MLT heights does not contradict the trends observed in those parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1336-2
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planetary wave activity in the lower ionosphere during CRISTA I campaign in autumn 1994 (October-November) (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 1014-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere-atmosphere interactions) ; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of MEM spectrum analysis, the main planetary scale fluctuations formed in the lower ionosphere are studied over a period of 3–25 days during the CRISTA campaign (October-November 1994). Three dominant period bands are found: 3–5, 6–8 and 15–23 (mainly 16–18) days. For 7–8 and 16–18 day fluctuations, propagation was eastward with wave numbers K = 3 and K = 1, respectively. The magnitude of planetary wave activity in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the CRISTA campaign seems to be fairly consistent with the expected undisturbed normal/climatological state of the atmosphere at altitudes of 80–100 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1014-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysteresis of foF2 at European middle latitudes (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 987-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hysteresis of foF2 is studied for several European stations over the whole 24-hour diurnal interval for the equinoctial months of the years just before and just after the solar cycle minimum for solar cycles 20 and 21. Based on previous results, the hysteresis is expected to develop best just for the equinoctial months and near the solar cycle minimum. The hysteresis is generally found to be negative, i.e. higher foF2 for the rising branch compared to the falling branch of solar cycle. However, this is not the case in some individual months of some years. The noontime hysteresis represents the hysteresis at other times of the day qualitatively (as to sign) but not quantitatively. The hysteresis appears to be relatively persistent from one solar cycle to another solar cycle in spring but not in autumn. A typical value for springtime hysteresis is about 0.5 MHz. The inclusion of hysteresis into long-term ionospheric and radio wave propagation predictions remains questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0987-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric measurements during the CRISTA/MAHRSI campaign: their implications and comparison with previous campaigns (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1040-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere - atmosphere interactions; mid-latitude ionosphere)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment on board a space shuttle was accompanied by a broad campaign of rocket, balloon and ground-based measurements. Supporting lower ionospheric ground-based measurements were run in Europe and Eastern Asia between 1 October–30 November, 1994. Results of comparisons with long ionospheric data series together with short-term comparisons inside the interval October-November, 1994, showed that the upper middle atmosphere (h =80–100 km) at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the interval of the CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment (4–12 November, 1994) was very close to its expected climatological state. In other words, the average results of the experiment can be used as climatological data, at least for the given area/altitudes. The role of solar/geomagnetic and “meteorological” control of the lower ionosphere is investigated and compared with the results of MAP/WINE, MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns. The effects of both solar/geomagnetic and global meteorological factors on the lower ionosphere are found to be weak during autumn 1994 compared to those in MAP/WINE and DYANA winters, and they are even slightly weaker than those in MAP/SINE summer. The comparison of the four campaigns suggests the following overall pattern: in winter the lower ionosphere at northern middle latitudes appears to be fairly well “meteorologically” controlled with a very weak solar influence. In summer, solar influence is somewhat stronger and dominates the weak “meteorological” influence, but the overall solar/meteorological control is weaker than in winter. In autumn we find the weakest overall solar/meteorological control, local effects evidently dominate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1040-2
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in characteristics of planetary waves at 80-100 km over Central and Southern Europe since 1980
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 11 (1991), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(91)90399-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The winter anomaly of 1983/84 as observed in the A3-absorption and 5 kHz atmospherics in Central Europe
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 4 (1984), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90264-3
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