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  • Time Factors  (53)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (53)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (15)
  • 1980  (38)
  • 1932
  • 1930
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (53)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Interaction of laminae of the cingulate cortex with the anteroventral thalamus during behavioral learning (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: dissociation of knowing how and knowing that (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Amnesic patients acquired a mirror-reading skill at a rate equivalent to that of matched control subjects and retained it for at least 3 months. The results indicate that the class of preserved learning skills in amnesia is broader than previously reported. Amnesia seems to spare information that is based on rules or procedures, as contrasted with information that is data-based or declarative--"knowing how rather than "knowing that." The results support the hypothesis that such a distinction is honored by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, N J -- Squire, L R -- 1P50 MH 30914/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/physiopathology ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reading ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Computers, health care, and medical information science (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The clinical laboratory is examined as a microcosm of the entire health care delivery system. The introduction of computers into the clinical laboratory raises issues that are difficult to resolve by the methods of information science or medical science applied in isolation. The melding of these two disciplines, together with the contributions of other disciplines, has created a new field of study called medical information science. The emergence of this new discipline and some specific problem-solving approaches used in its application in the clinical laboratory are examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, T L -- Korpman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):257-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*instrumentation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Specific reading disability: differences in contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings of spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 12, and 16 cycles per degree were determined for normal and disabled readers at a range of stimulus durations. Normal readers demonstrated monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at exposure durations between 40 and 100 milliseconds. At exposure durations of 150 to 1000 milliseconds, they showed peak sensitivity at 4 cycles per degree. In comparison, disabled readers showed monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at all stimulus durations. The difference in sensitivity pattern across spatial frequencies was greatest at stimulus durations approximately equal to fixation durations during reading.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovegrove, W J -- Bowling, A -- Badcock, D -- Blackwood, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/physiology ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Space Perception/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Elevated cerebrospinal fuid norepinephrine in schizophrenics: confounding effects of treatment drugs (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipsky, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Research Design ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Feeding: satiety signal from intestine triggers brain's noradrenergic mechanism (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Flavor-illness aversions: the peculiar roles of odor and taste in memory for poison (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    Binocularity in the cat visual cortex is reduced by sectioning the corpus callosum (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: In the normal cat, most cells in area 17 can be binocularly driven. Sectioning the corpus callosum results in a significant reduction in binocularly driven cells. Normal binocular vision is thus dependent on the corpus callosum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, B R -- Elberger, A J -- Berman, N -- Murphy, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Functional Laterality ; Time Factors ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 10
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    Long-term antidepressant treatment decreases spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptor binding (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Food dyes impair performance of hyperactive children on a laboratory learning test (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, J M -- Kinsbourne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*physiopathology ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Calcium transients during excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian heart: aequorin signals of canine Purkinje fibers (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Aequorin signals in mammalian heart muscle cells reveal the existence of two temporally distinct processes that increase cytoplasmic calcium ions after membrane excitation. The differential dependence of these processes on the pattern of stimulation suggests that the first process is, or is closely related to, calcium entry through the surface membrane and that the second is calcium release from intracellular storage sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wier, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Aequorin/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Dogs ; Heart Conduction System/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Purkinje Fibers/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Multiple daily amphetamine administration: behavioral and neurochemical alterations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 15
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    Criteria for evidence of chemical carcinogenicity. Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: The Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity reviewed and reevaluated criteria for assessing evidence of carcinogenicity of chemical substances. The panel reviewed criteria applicable to data derived from human epidemiological studies and from both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. A critical appraisal of all these sources of information led to the conclusion that the characterization of human risk always requires interdisciplinary evaluation of the entire array of data on a case-by-case basis. Animal studies, whenever possible, should be augmented by studies of mechanisms, metabolism, and pharmacodynamics. Such studies may assist in assessing risk to man. Recognizing the utility of such data should point the way for better assessment in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):682-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 16
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    Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans genes lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 cause heterochronic developmental defects: the timing of specific developmental events in several tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. These defects result from temporal transformations in the fates of specific cells, that is, certain cells express fates normally expressed by cells generated at other developmental stages. The identification and characterization of genes that can be mutated to cause heterochrony support the proposal that heterochrony is a mechanism for phylogenetic change and suggest cellular and genetic bases for heterochronic variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambros, V -- Horvitz, H R -- GM24663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM24943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD00369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):409-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; *Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Time Factors
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  • 17
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    A novel nuclear form of estradiol receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Nuclear estrogen receptor from MCF-7 cells undergoes a time-dependent, hormone-inducible transformation to a form that is less extractable from nuclei and less exchangeable with ligand. This receptor-modifying, intranuclear event is independent of receptor loss (processing) and appears associated with hormone responsiveness (progesterone-receptor induction) in these cells. The magnitude of receptor loss, however, is variable and apparently not a prerequisite for hormone action to induce progesterone receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, A -- Strobl, J S -- Huff, K -- Greene, G L -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Receptors, Estradiol ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gladue, B A -- Green, R -- Hellman, R E -- MH-37412/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-05835-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Estrone/*blood ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone/*blood ; Time Factors
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    An ultrahigh-speed analysis of exocytosis: nematocyst discharge (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-02-24
    Description: High-speed microcinematography of nematocyst discharge in Hydra attenuata Pall. shows that this specialized exocytosis, which appears to result from an increase in the intracapsular pressure, requires a total of about 3 milliseconds. A maximum velocity of 2 meters per second is generated, corresponding to an acceleration of 40,000g. Thus nematocyst discharge is one of the fastest cellular processes in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holstein, T -- Tardent, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):830-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exocytosis ; Hydra/*physiology ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Osmolar Concentration ; Time Factors
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  • 20
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    Morphine analgesia potentiated but tolerance not affected by active immunization against cholecystokinin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Administration of cholecystokinin was recently found to attenuate opiate analgesia. In the present study, the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in opiate analgesia was examined. Endogenously released cholecystokinin was sequestered by antibodies to cholecystokinin developed in response to an active immunization procedure. Morphine analgesia was potentiated and prolonged in rats immunized against cholecystokinin. The rate of development of morphine tolerance, however, was not affected by the antibodies. Endogenous cholecystokinin appears to function as a short-term modulator of opiate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, P L -- McLaughlin, C L -- Baile, C A -- Olney, J W -- Komisaruk, B R -- ES-07066/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Cholecystokinin/immunology/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Immunization ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 21
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    Neurophysiological evidence for a traveling wave in the amphibian inner ear (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: In response to low-frequency sounds (less than 1.0 kilohertz) auditory nerve fibers in the treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, discharge at a preferred phase of the stimulus waveform which is a linear function of the stimulus frequency. Moreover, the slopes of the phase-versus-frequency functions (equivalent to the system time delays) systematically increase as the characteristic frequency of the fibers decreases. These neurophysiological observations, coupled with the known tonotopy of the amphibian papilla suggest that a traveling wave occurs in the inner ear of frogs despite the absence of a basilar membrane. Electrical tuning may contribute to these characteristic frequency-dependent delays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillery, C M -- Narins, P M -- NS07005-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19725-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/innervation/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Ranidae ; Tectorial Membrane/innervation/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/*physiology
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  • 22
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    Facilitated sexual behavior reversed and serotonin restored by raphe nuclei transplanted into denervated hypothalamus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Fetal raphe cells transplanted into the hypothalamus reversed facilitation of feminine sexual behavior in rats with brain lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Immunocytochemical and chemical analyses of serotonin indicate that reinnervation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus by the transplants is associated with behavioral recovery. The findings suggest that transplanted fetal tissue can exert functional regulation over an innate, complex, hormone-dependent behavior in adult rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luine, V N -- Renner, K J -- Frankfurt, M -- Azmitia, E C -- HD06368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD12011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6209800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Castration ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Denervation ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/analysis ; Hypothalamus/*physiology/surgery ; Raphe Nuclei/*physiology/transplantation ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time Factors
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  • 23
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    Synthesis of compounds with properties of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in gerbil brains after ischemia and reperfusion (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: 6-Sulfidopeptide-containing leukotriene-like immunoreactivity was synthesized in gerbil forebrains after bilateral common carotid occlusion and reperfusion. At 5, 10, or 15 minutes of ischemia, concentrations increased significantly and became more marked on reperfusion. Immunoreactivity was highest in forebrain gray matter and was below the detection limit of the assay in brain regions remote from the zone of ischemia. In vitro experiments with vascular cells and organ cultures of cerebral arteries indicate that the cerebral blood vessel wall is not a major source of biosynthetic activity in the brain. These experiments demonstrate leukotriene biosynthesis by the brain. Because synthesis occurs during ischemia and reperfusion and because leukotrienes are potent vasoconstrictors and promoters of tissue edema, they may play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moskowitz, M A -- Kiwak, K J -- Hekimian, K -- Levine, L -- NS19038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):886-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/*metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gerbillinae ; Radioimmunoassay ; SRS-A/*biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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    Insulin-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Exposure to insulin increased stimulus-evoked transmission at synapses formed in culture by cholinergic retinal neurons derived from fetal rats. This effect occurred at physiological concentrations and was long lasting. The findings support the hypothesis that insulin may serve as a developmental signal to regulate the emergence of effective neurotransmission across nascent synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puro, D G -- Agardh, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1170-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Insulin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Muscles ; Neurons/*growth & development/physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Rats ; Retina ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickar, D -- Labarca, R -- Linnoila, M -- Roy, A -- Hommer, D -- Everett, D -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):954-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood/*drug therapy ; Time Factors
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    Age-related changes in passive avoidance retention: modulation with dietary choline (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartus, R T -- Dean, R L -- Goas, J A -- Lippa, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Choline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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    Phase-sensitive midbrain neurons in Eigenmannia: neural correlates of the jamming avoidance response (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Neurons in the torus semicircularis of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia encode phase differences between sinusoidal electrical stimuli received in different body regions. These fish normally experience time-varying phase differences when the electric organ discharge fields of two or more individuals overlap. These phase differences supply information necessary for the animal's jamming avoidance behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastian, J -- Heiligenberg, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/cytology/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Periodicity ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Adrenocorticotropic hormone may be transported directly from the pituitary to the brain (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that pituitary hormones may be delivered directly to the brain. Concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the plasma were determined in blood samles obtained simultaneously from the carotid artery, the sagittal sinus, and the jugular vein of three awake sheep. Seizures were induced electrically to stimulate ACTH secretion, and at precise intervals thereafter several simultaneous comparisons were made in each animal. In many of the post-seizure comparisons, the ACTH plasma concentrations within the sagital sinus exceeded those within the carotid artery as well as those within the jugular vein, indicating that this hormone was released from the pituitary and carried directly through capillary beds of brain to the venous blood within the sagittal sinus. The experiment was repeated in one hypophysectomized sheep and, in this animal, ACTH concentration in the plasma was reduced, but that in the sagittal sinus still was elevated after the seizure, an indication that some ACTH (or ACTH-like material) was released from the brain itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R -- Blume, H -- Hamilton, A -- Monica, P -- Paterson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):541-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6252607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*blood supply ; Carotid Arteries ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/blood ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Sheep ; Time Factors
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    Suckling (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Suckling is the only behavior that is common among mammals. In newborn albino rats it is originally elicited by amniotic fluid deposited by the mother during parturition. Subsequent suckling is stimulated by saliva deposited on the nipples by the infant rats. Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension, milk, systemic dehydration, and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling. The development of controls over suckling appetite appears to parallel that of consummatory control. Until about 2 weeks of age infant rats choose to suckle a nonlactating nipple with the same frequency as a lactating nipple. Thereafter, the lactating nipple is unanimously chosen. These studies suggest differences and commonalities in the suckling behavior of laboratory rats and other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blass, E M -- Teicher, M H -- AM-18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):15-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Dehydration ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; Humans ; Instinct ; Lactation ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pheromones ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Saliva ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Single-shot channel activation accounts for duration of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in a central neuron (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: In the goldfish Mauthner cell, inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by intracellular stimulation of presynaptic neurons decay exponentially, with a mean time constant of 6.65 milliseconds. Analysis of membrane conductance fluctuations induced by iontophoresis of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicates a mean inhibitory channel lifetime of 7.15 milliseconds. The results thus suggest that the relaxation kinetics of activated inhibitory channels are rate-limiting during decay of the inhibitory postsynaptic current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faber, D S -- Korn, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Chlorides/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Goldfish ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pons/cytology ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Fasting associated with decrease in hypothalamic beta-endorphin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: In rats that were fasted for 2 to 3 days there was a decline in hypothalamic, but not pituitary, beta-endorphin. There was no change in pituitary or hypothalamic adrenocorticotropin content as a result of fasting. Endogenous opiates may be involved in physiological adaptation to fasting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gambert, S R -- Garthwaite, T L -- Pontzer, C H -- Hagen, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1271-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism ; Animals ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; *Fasting ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Endorphin-mediated increases in pain threshold during pregnancy (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Maternal pain thresholds in rats were determined during various stages of pregnancy and parturition by measuring the intensity of electric shock that elicited reflexive jumping. There was a gradual rise in the pain threshold between 16 and 4 days prior to parturition and a more abrupt rise 1 to 2 days before that event. This increase was abolished by long-term administration of the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. The endorphin system is thus an important component of intrinsic mechanisms that modulate responsiveness to aversive stimuli. The data also demonstrate the activation during pregnancy of an endorphin system that is apparently quiescent in nonpregnant female rats treated the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- NIMH GRANT DA01771/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Female ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Classical conditioning: induction of luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in anticipation of sexual activity (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: A classical conditioning paradigm was used to demonstrate that male rats can learn to secrete luteinizing hormone and testosterone in anticipation of sexual activity. Sexually naive males were exposed to a neutral stimulus and then to a sexually receptive female once daily. After exposure to the paired stimuli for 14 trials, the neutral stimulus was as effective as the female in triggering luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion. These findings provide two novel perspectives on the control of reproductive hormone secretion in male rats: (i) environmental cues, which males learn to associate with sexual activity, induce the secretion of hormones that regulate pituitary-testis function, and (ii) classical conditioning may be used as a noninvasive method to evoke functional alterations in the secretion of luteinizing hormone and presumably the neuroendocrine pathways that mediate its release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, J M -- Desjardins, C -- HD-13470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testis/secretion ; Testosterone/*secretion ; Time Factors
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    Parathyroid hormone: a coronary artery vasodilator (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Injection of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (the amino terminal peptide containing the first 34 amino acids) to the coronary circulation of the dog resulted in a marked coronary vasodilation. The vasodilatory response was dose-dependent and amounted to a 161 percent increase over the resting flow rate at a concentration of 1.0 unit per kilogram.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crass, M F 3rd -- Pang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Circulation/*drug effects ; Dogs ; Hormones/pharmacology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Parathyroid Hormone/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects ; *Vasodilator Agents
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    Swelling of nerve fibers associated with action potentials (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Swelling of nerve fibers during the action potential was demonstrated by three different methods. Generation of a propagated nerve impulse in a crab nerve produced an outward movement of 50 to 100 angstroms of the nerve surfce and a rise in swelling pressure on the order of 5 dynes per square centimeter. In squid giant axons, the amplitude of the observed outward movement of the surface was small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwasa, K -- Tasaki, I -- Gibbons, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):338-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brachyura ; Decapodiformes ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Time Factors
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    Swifter action sought on food contamination (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6765994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis/*prevention & control ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Electrophysiological signs of split-second decision-making (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: When young adults detected auditory stimuli at split-second intervals, different components of the event-related brain potentials showed markedly different speeds of recovery. The P3 component (latency 300 to 350 milliseconds) was fully recovered at intervals of less than 1.0 second, while the N1--P2 components (latencies 100 to 180 milliseconds) were markedly attenuated with stimulus repetition even at longer interstimulus intervals. Thus, the N1--P2 recovers much more slowly than a subject's ability to evaluate signals, whereas the P3 appears to be generated at the same high rates as the decision processes with which it is associated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woods, D L -- Hillyard, S A -- Courchesne, E -- Galambos, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Visual effects of auditory deprivation: common intermodal and intramodal factors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bross, M -- Harper, D -- Sicz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):667-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Denervation ; Flicker Fusion ; Humans ; Reticular Formation/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 39
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    Seizure protection and increased nerve-terminal GABA: delayed effects of GABA transaminase inhibition (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) occurring in the presence and in the absence of GABA-containing nerve terminals were estimated in rats in which the dense GABA projection to the substantia nigra was surgically destroyed on one side of the brain. The net increase in GABA of the denervated nigra was compared with that of the intact nigra at various times after a single injection of gama-vinyl-GABA, which irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase. Total GABA reached a maximum within 12 hours, but the GABA pool associated with nerve terminals did not increase until 36 hours and peaked at 60 hours. The onset and peak of anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizures directly paralleled the time course for the increase in GABA in nerve terminals, but was not positively correlated with that independent of the terminals. This result supports the concept that elevating GABA in nerve terminals facilitates GABA-mediated synaptic transmission and predicts anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gale, K -- Iadarola, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):288-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Aminocaproates/*pharmacology ; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Electroshock ; Nerve Endings/metabolism ; Rats ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transaminases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology ; Vigabatrin ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Recall (versus recognition) of taste and immunization against aversive taste anticipations based on illness (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Two experiments show that, after taste-aversion conditioning, rats can use external retrieval cues to recall or anticipate the aversive taste solution and avoid its location without making contact with the flavor. They also show that the rat's avoidance of a conditioned aversive taste and its consumption of the aversive flavored solution can be attenuated by giving it prior runway training in which taste reward is given inconsistently on a partial reinforcement schedule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J S -- Amsel, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Extinction, Psychological ; Female ; Lithium ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Catecholamine-induced alteration in sedimentation behavior of membrane bound beta-adrenergic receptors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Incubation of astrocytoma cells with catecholamines results in a decrease in catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and a concomitant alteration in the sedimentation properties of particulate beta-adrenergic receptors. The altered receptors exhibit agonist binding properties similar to those of receptors that are "uncoupled" from adenylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harden, T K -- Cotton, C U -- Waldo, G L -- Lutton, J K -- Perkins, J P -- GM 25163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 22490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; Cell Line ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Role of nitrogen dioxide in the biosynthesis of nitraosamines in mice (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iqbal, Z M -- Dahl, K -- Epstein, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morpholines/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Nitrosamines/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Inescapable foot shock in rats caused profound analgesia that was antagonized by naloxone or dexamethasone when shock was delivered intermittently for 30 minutes, but not when it was delivered continuously for 3 minutes. Thus, depending only on its temporal characteristics, foot-shock stress appears to activate opioid or nonopioid analgesia mechanisms. Certain forms of stress may act as natural inputs to an endogenous opiate analgesia system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, J W -- Cannon, J T -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Acquisition of a memory skill (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: After more than 230 hours of practice in the laboratory, a subject was able to increase his memory span from 7 to 79 digits. His performance on other memory tests with digits equaled that of memory experts with lifelong training. With an appropriate mnemonic system, there is seemingly no limit to memory performance with practice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ericcson, K A -- Chase, W G -- Faloon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 45
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    Suppression of prolactin secretion in normal young women by 2-hydroxyestrone (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: The nonuterotropic natural estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone administered to normal young women results in a prompt and profound suppression of serum prolactin in most of the subjects. With the exception of dopamine, this is the only endogenous material known to strongly inhibit prolactin secretion, and its action suggests that the physiological regulation of prolactin by estrogens in the human is dual in nature, consisting of stimulation by estradiol and inhibition by its catechol estrogen metabolite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman, J -- Tulchinsky, D -- CA 22795/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estrogens/physiology ; Estrone/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyestrones/*pharmacology ; Prolactin/blood/*secretion ; Time Factors
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    Evolutionary theory under fire (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
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    AMIS negative on aspirin and heart attacks (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):859-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation/drug effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/*prevention & control ; Time Factors
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  • 48
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    Reactivation of infant memory (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Three-month-old infants learned to activate a crib mobile by means of operant footkicks. Retention of the conditioned response was assessed during a cued recall test with the nonmoving mobile. Although forgetting is typically complete after an 8-day retention interval, infants who received a reactivation treatment--a brief exposure to the reinforcer 24 hours before retention testing--showed no forgetting after retention intervals of either 2 or 4 weeks. Further, the forgetting function after a reactivation treatment did not differ from the original forgetting function. These experiments demonstrate that (i) "reactivation" or "reinstatement" is an effective mechanism by which early experiences can continue to influence behavior over lengthy intervals and (ii) memory deficits in young infants are best viewed as retrieval deficits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rovee-Collier, C K -- Sullivan, M W -- Enright, M -- Lucas, D -- Fagen, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; *Infant ; Memory/*physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Neuronal loss in hippocampus induced by prolonged ethanol consumption in rats (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: Quantitative neurohistological techniques were used to examine the hippocampal complex of laboratory rats maintained on ethanol-containing or control diets for 5 months followed by a 2-month alcohol-free period. Chronic ethanol consumption resulted in a significant loss of hippocampal pyramidal and dentate gyrus granule cells. This study provides direct evidence that long-term ethanol consumption, in the absence of malnutrition, produces neuronal loss in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, D W -- Barnes, D E -- Zornetzer, S F -- Hunter, B E -- Kubanis, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):711-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Directional specificity in the regeneration of lamprey spinal axons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: After spinal transection in ammocoetes (lamprey larvae) 4 to 5 years old, functional recovery is accompanied by a limited regeneration in which axons grow as far as 5 millimeters beyond the scar. In axotomized giant interneurons labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase 16 to 120 days after transection, 74 percent of regenerating neurites grew in their normal projection pattern, rostal and contralateral to the cell body. One third of the neurites originated anomalously from posterior dendrites. Despite their initial abnormal orientation, 80 percent of these neurites looped contralaterally and rostrally to assume the normal projection path. The directional specificity persisted when giant interneurons were located in islands formed by double simultaneous cord transection. This limited regeneration seems to be characterized by directional selectivity that cannot be attributed to nonspecific influences, such as a tendency of neurites to grow in an already established direction or a trophic effect of the zone of injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, H S -- Mackler, S A -- Selzer, M E -- 5T32-GM07170/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS14837/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):894-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Lampreys ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Spinal Nerves/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 51
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    An activated rasN gene: detected in late but not early passage human PA1 teratocarcinoma cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: Early passages of the human teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 are not tumorigenic in nude mice, while late passages are. A transforming gene present in late passages of PA1 cells was isolated as a biologically active molecular clone and is a new isolate of the human rasN locus. Its transforming activity is due to a single G---A (G, guanine; A, adenine) point mutation at the codon for amino acid 12 which changes the codon for glycine so that an aspartic acid residue is expressed. In contrast to late passage PA1 cells (passages 106, 330, and 338), DNA from the PA1 cell line at early passages (passage 36) does not yield rasN foci in DNA transfection assays. Thus, the presence of an activated rasN in PA1 cells correlates with enhanced tumorigenicity of the cell line and, more importantly, may have arisen during cell culture in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tainsky, M A -- Cooper, C S -- Giovanella, B C -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Oncogenes ; Teratoma/*genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Estrogen receptor analysis by flow cytometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: A fluorescently labeled estradiol, N'-fluoresceino-N'-(17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinamide) thiourea (FE) was used for measuring estrogen receptor content per cell in tumor cells. The cellular content of FE was measured quantitatively by flow cytometry. Binding of FE occurs in the nanomolar concentration range, an indication of the high affinity of the labeled estradiol. Competition of FE for binding sites is observed with estrogens, but not with progestins, androgens, or glucocorticosteroids, indicating the specificity of FE binding. In contrast to other estrogen receptor assays, this new technique requires a small sample size (about 5000 cells) and permits the assessment of heterogeneity in estrogen receptor expression among tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van, N T -- Raber, M -- Barrows, G H -- Barlogie, B -- CA 16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28771/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):876-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms/*analysis ; Cell Line ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; *Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 53
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    Rectal insemination modifies immune responses in rabbits (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Weekly deposition of pooled rabbit semen into the rectum in healthy male rabbits resulted in the appearance of immune complexes and antibodies to sperm and to peripheral blood lymphocyte antigens. It also led to a decreased ability to mount a humoral immune response to T lymphocyte-dependent antigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and sheep red blood cells. These findings suggest that repeated rectal deposition of semen may compromise some aspects of the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, J M -- Bedford, J M -- Witkin, S S -- CA 35018/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD16587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis ; *Antibody Formation ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; *G(M1) Ganglioside ; Glycosphingolipids/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; *Insemination ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Rabbits ; *Rectum ; Semen/*immunology ; Spermatozoa/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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