ALBERT

Beschreibung: Various stages of tropical weathering are described using a number of examples of red soil formation derived from rift basalts in Burundi and laterite bauxites from plateau basalts of South Vietnam. The phenomena of decomposition of primary minerals are comparable in the two regions. Fine-grained montmorillonites, kaolinites, halloysites and hematite were formed during an initial stage of weathering. The two generations of kaolinites, goethites and gibbsites are the main products of a more intense stage of weathering. The gradients of chemical activities in the micro-environment (surfaces of grains, pores, microfissures) seem to be the controlling factors of weathering.

Beschreibung: Im letzten Viertel des 19. Jahrhunderts ·entstanden auf dem Potsdamer Telegrafenberg ein astrophysikalisches und ein meteorologisch-geomagnetisches Observatorium sowie ein geodätisches Institut.Die Bedeutung dieser schon bald nach ihrer Gründung weltbekannten Einrichtungen für die deutsche und internationale Polarforschung wird anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen verdeutlicht.

Beschreibung: El género Plagiochila (hepatica) esta representada en las Islas Galapagos por ocho (8) especies diferentes: P. bursata (Desv.) Lindenbg., P. galapagona Inoue, P gradsteinii Inoue, P. guilleminiana Mont., P. inouei Grolle, P. scabrifolia Inoue, P. spinifera Ångstr. y P. subplana Lindenbg. El endemismo en este género es más alto que en otros géneros de las hepaticas, con cinco (5) especies que comienzan a conocerse solamente de los Galapagos ( P. galapagona, gradsteinii, scabrifolia, inouei, y spinifera). Las otras tres (3) son comunes y ampliamente distribuidas a lo largo de la America tropical. La mayoría de las especies estan restringidas a las zonas altas-húmedas de vegetación de las Islas Galapagos (matorrales de Zanthoxylum, Miconia y pampa) excepto P. guilleminiana muy común, la cual puede presentarse en la zona seca de transición de bosque. La más amplia variación de Plagiochila ha sido vista en Isabela (Cerro Azul), San Cristobal y Santa Cruz.

Beschreibung: Nanocyperion communities (s.l.) are considered here as “warp-and-woof” communities; the Nanocyperion components are described separately as synusiae. On the Netherlands Frisian Islands, four main synusiae have been recognized. Raunkiaer life form spectra show few differences between the communities. Life strategy spectra of the Nanocyperion synusiae, based on systems for phanerogams (modified after Bakker 1966) and bryophytes, yield the clearest patterns. A comparison of the ecology of the communities and an interpretation of the spectra in terms of avoidance of stress or competition suggest that inundations and standing crop of the communities are the main factors determining the distribution of the synusiae. Winter inundations overrule the influence of differences in productivity level, which becomes prominent in drier situations.

Beschreibung: The Colombian representatives of the lichen family Parmeliaceae with linear lobes and marginal cilia have been revised. A key is given and morphology, chemistry and distribution are treated of 12 species in three genera: Cetrariastrum Sipm. gen. nov, with C. andense (Kärnef.) Sipm. comb. nov., C. dubitans Sipm. spec. nov. and C. equadoriense (Sant.) Sipm. comb. nov., Everniastrum with E. catawbiense (Degel.) Hale, E. cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale, E. columbiense (Zahlbr.) Hale, E. fragile Sipm. spec. nov., E. planum Sipm. spec. nov., E. sorocheilum (Vain.) Hale and E. vexans (Zahlbr.) Hale, and Parmelina cleefii Sipm. spec. nov. and P. swinscowii (Hale) Hale.

Beschreibung: Mr. ABANG MOHD MOCHTAR ABANG PAWOZAN (SAR) is doing a post- graduate course for his Ph.D. at Reading under the guidance of Dr. D.M. KEITH-LUCAS and Dr. E. SOEPADMO on the systematics and ecology of Palaquium (Sapotaceae). Ms. M.G. AGOO (PNH) left the Philippine Flora Project at the end of February, 1994, to continue her Ph.D. studies at PNH. She has been replaced by Ms. M.S. SAMSON. Mr. J.A. ALVAREZ also left to become a forester with the Philippine National Oil Company.

Beschreibung: FRIM regularly makes botanical expeditions, which other scientists may join. Please contact Dr. E. SOEPADMO, Department of Botany, University of Malaysia, 59100 – Kuala Lumpur. K.M. WONG et al. (1988) have given notes on the early exploration and botanical collecting in the Endau-Rompin area of Peninsular Malaysia. (Gard. Bull., Singapore 41: 83- 91, 1 map).

Beschreibung: Because of their fleshy nature, thin leaves and membranous sepals and petals, Impatiens tend to make particularly poor herbarium specimens. If dried while still attached to the leafy part of the plant the flowers generally become badly crumpled and brittle. In such a state their more important characters become unrecognisable, and it is rarely possible to restore them to any useful degree. The leaves may also become badly crushed especially if they are not pressed absolutely flat. The collectors’ time may thus be completely wasted.

Beschreibung: The Botanical Survey of India, Andaman, and Nicobar Circle, Port Blair, in 1994 inventoried the Kalpong hill forests and Saddle Peak scrub forests for the proposed Hydro-electric Project in the North Andaman group, the Bakultala and Baratang areas in the Middle and South Andamans were explored, while Rutland Isl. in the South provided collections of mainly marine species.

Beschreibung: Dr. B.P. DEL ROSARIO (PCARRD, Los Baños) has resumed the post of Programme Leader at the Philippine Country Office per April 1993. Dr. N. WULIJARNI-SOETJIPTO (BO) succeeded Dr. J. KARTASUBRATA (BO) as General Editor per August 1993.

Beschreibung: Dr. M.M.J. van Balgooy and his companions on the Celebes Expedition, Dr. E. Hennipman, Mr. G.J. de Joncheere and Dr. E.F. de Vogel left Leiden on 5 April 1979, visited the SING and BO-Herbaria on the way. In Celebes visit was paid to Hasanudin University at Ujung Pandang (olim Makassar), in Bali to the Botanical Garden at Bedugul. In the course of August they returned to Holland. See also Exploration. The Botanical Survey of India kindly sent the following list of changes: D.K. Banerjee: to the Industrial Section of the Indian Museum at Calcutta; N. Bhargava: to the Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; U.C. Bhattacharyya: Deputy Director, Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; B.N. Chakraborty: Assistant curator, Industrial Section, Indian Museum, Calcutta; U. Chatterjee: Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; Mrs. Dr. S.J. Das: Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; P.K. Hajra: to HQ, Howrah; B. Krishna: to HQ, Howrah; Ram Lall: Botanist, Central Circle, Allahabad; C.L. Malhotra: to Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; P.C. Pant: to Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; B.B. Pramanick: Botanist, CAL-Herbarium, Howrah; M.K.V. Rao: to Andaman Circle, Port Blair; Dr. G.P. Roy: to Central Circle, Allahabad; B.D. Sharma: Deputy Director, Western Circle, Poona; Dr. R.C. Srivastava: Systematic Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; C.R. Tarafder: Botanist, CAL-Herbarium, Howrah. Proficiat to all!

Beschreibung: Loss of species is the key issue of conservation. Contrary to misuse of land which is visible to anybody with eyes to see, the issue of extinction is sly, treacherous, and open to clear perception only for experts. It touches on quality, and reaches far out in time: hard things to grasp for non-biologists. Thus an extra responsibility devolves on those who are in a position to know and to speak. The value of the genetic resource base has been set forth in e.g. the book by O.H. Frankel & E. Bennett, Genetic resources in plants (1970), and in the BIOTROP symposium edited by J.T. Williams e.a., South East Asian plant genetic resources (1975); Myers adds many striking facts: half the prescriptions in the U.S.A. contain a drug of natural origin. The cardiac drug reserpine, from Rauvolfia, costs $ 1.25 per gram to synthesize, $ 0.75 from natural sources. The anti-polio vaccin was developed in experiments in chimpanzees. The Amerindians in Amazonia know 750 medicinal plant species. Now the possibility of massive destruction of tropical forests — where most species are located — casts some frightening shadows on the future. The question how to cope with the threat appears to be connected with human ethics and the international order. Consequently, most publications on the subject suffer from a partial lack of maturity: don’t look to Myers for ethics, nor to the Routleys for biology. It seems therefore advisable that on the part of all disciplines a common fund of knowledge and insight be built up. In my efforts, great stimulation was received from correspondence with Dr. Willem Meijer (Botany, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506, U.S.A.), who in his disinterested manner never fails to come up with things true and shocking.

Beschreibung: This issue is dedicated to the memories of: Kostermans, André Joseph Guillaume Henri (Ahmad Jahja Goh Hartono), 1 July 1907, Purworejo, Java – 10 July 1994, Bogor. Kramer, Karl U., 1928 – 11 July 1994, Zürich, Switzerland. Stone, Benjamin Clemens, 26 July 1933, Shanghai – 19 March 1994, Manila.

Beschreibung: The University of San Carlos, Cebu City, (‘USC’) holds a botanical collection which is the fourth largest in size within the Philippines. The three leading herbaria of the Philippines are situated in or close to Manila. The 36 year old USC Herbarium is the only major collection in the Philippines outside Luzon. A project recently started and financially supported by the University’s Department of Research has provided the opportunity for reinforcement and further research on the collections. The names have been revised, records completed, and the taxa rearranged. The data on the labels have been computerized and stored in dBase III.

Beschreibung: Vegetation descriptions of Mount Kinabalu (4101 m), the highest mountain in tropical Asia between the Himalayas and New Guinea, have resulted in different, conflicting zonations. Some stress more on floristic affinities, others more on physiognomy. A lowland zone reaching to about 1000 m is usually distinguished. The next 2000 m comprising the mountain forests are treated in many different ways. A summit zone (above 3800 m) is recognized rather often (cf. Stapf, 1895; Gibbs, 1914; Meijer, 1963; Van Steenis, 1964; Menzel, 1988). In our opinion the most convincing is the zonation proposed by Van Steenis, who stressed the floristic composition. This comprises three zones: 1. the foothill zone below 1000 m; 2. the montane zone from 1000 to 2500 m; 3. the subalpine zone above 2500 m. Since this zonation was based on phanerogams it was tempting to investigate whether it is reflected in the bryophytes and lichens.

Beschreibung: Mr. A. ISMAIL (UKMB) has made a survey of the phytoplankton and other algae of Port Dickson and Pulau Tinggi, Peninsular Malaysia.

Beschreibung: AKIYAMA, H. 1989. A revaluation of. Hypnodendron opacum (Hypnodendraceae, Musci). Bryologist 92: 198-201, 19 fig. — Distinct from H. auricomum. AKIYAMA, H. 1989. Taxonomic studies of mosses of Seram and Ambon (Moluccas, East Malaysia) collected by Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions. I. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 40: 147-162, 5 map.

Beschreibung: List of fern species collected on Penang Hill, West Malaysia, between mid January / late February 1992. 105 species in 54 genera, 18 families, with brief notes on habitats and ecology.

Beschreibung: Trees, shrubs or lianas, rarely herbaceous climbers; monoecious, rarely dioecious or polygamous. Indumentum usually of solitary, simple hairs, sometimes also of two-branched hairs, stellate bundles of hairs, or scale hairs (then young parts, buds, and inflorescences viscid). Leaves spirally arranged, rarely opposite or whorled, simple, biternate, digitate or (bi)pinnate; true stipules usually absent, pseudo-stipules sometimes present. Leaflets alternate to opposite, symmetric to distinctly asymmetric, entire or dentate to serrate or crenate. Inflorescences axillary, often together pseudoterminal, terminal or ramiflorous, thyrsoid, with or without branches; bracts and bracteoles present. Flowers usually unisexual, rarely bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Sepals 4 or 5, rarely more, free to almost totally connate, equal to distinctly unequal, and then the outer 1 or 2 much smaller than the inner three, herbaceous to petaloid, in bud imbricate, valvate or apert. Petals absent or 2-6, free, usually clawed, often with 1 or 2 scales or auricles (= inrolled margins), scales crested or not. Disc complete or interrupted, lobed or annular to semi-annular, rarely with appendages or an erect (tubular) rim. Stamens 5-10(-74), usually 8, nearly always inserted within the disc, often exserted in male flowers; filaments glabrous or hairy; anthers basifixed, opening introrsely or latero-introrsely lengthwise; in female flowers present as staminodes with non-opening anthers. Ovary superior, 1-3(-8)-celled, lobed or not; style usually apical, rarely inserted between the lobes, stigma entire with (1), 2 or 3 lines or grooves, or (1-), 2- or 3-lobed; in male flowers rudimentary. Ovules 1 or 2 per locule, ascending, anatropous, campylotropous or amphitropous. Fruits capsular or drupaceous, or consisting of 2 or 3 samaras, when capsular usually loculicidal, rarely septicidal or septifragal. Seeds globose to obovoid, sometimes compressed, often with an arillode or a sarcotesta; endosperm absent; embryo usually thick, straight, sometimes sigmoid or convolute, cotyledons above each other (notorrhizal embryo) to laterally besides each other (lomatorrhizal embryo). Distribution â 140 genera with c. 1350 species, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially well represented in South America. In Malesia 42 genera with ca. 235 species.

Beschreibung: In this study descriptions, drawings and observations are presented of rare, critical or less well-known macromycetes that were encountered during mycocoenological investigations carried out in roadside verges planted with Quercus robur L. (53 plots) or Fagus sylvatica L. (23 plots). In this first part, special attention is paid to the genus Cortinarius S.F. Gray emend. Fr.

Beschreibung: Hundred and twenty-two species, varieties, and new combinations of Penicillium, Eupenicillium, and Talaromyces described since 1977 have been studied taxonomically and screened for mycotoxin production. Only 48 taxa could be accepted: Eupenicillium angustiporcatum, E. cryptum, E. lineolatum, E. limoneum, E. nepalense, E. sinaicum, Penicillium aethiopicum, P. coalescens, P. confertum, P. coprobium, P. coprophilum. P. dendriticum, P. eberhardtii. P. erythromellis, P. flavidostipitatum, P. heteromorphum. P. hispanicum, P. juguslavicum, P. lapatayae, P. loliense, P. maclennaniae, P. macrosporum, P. mariaecrucis, P. mononematosum, P. nodulum, P. oblatum, P. onobense, P. palmae. P. palmense, P. panamense, P. patens, P. pittii, P. primulinum, P. rubefaciens P. sabulosum, P. shennongjianum, P. siamense, P. smithii, P. vasconiae, P. vonarxii, P. vulpinum, Talaromyces assiutensis, T. derxii, T. macrosporus, and T. mimosinus. Eleven varieties are recognized in P. aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. glandicola, P. griseofulvum and P. hirsutum. Paecilomyces pascuus Pitt & Hocking and Geosmithia viridis Pitt & Hocking are transferred to Penicillium.

Beschreibung: Several aspects of the sexuality in Mucorales are discussed. It is stated that neither heterothallism nor homothallism are absolute conditions and that a continuum exists between zygospores and azygospores. Mating type switching as known in ascomycetous yeasts would explain several up to now inexplicable phenomena.

Beschreibung: Carissa papuana Markgraf described from New Guinea is placed in the synonymy of C. laxiflora Benth. described from Australia. Carissa laxiflora occurs on Cape York Peninsula, southern New Guinea and adjacent islands.

Beschreibung: In 1985 during the Fourth Expedition to S Aceh, Sumatra, in the neighbourhood of the G. Leuser National Park a representative of Sarcotheca (Oxalidaceae) was collected. It clearly is a member of the S. laxa complex previously known only from Malaya and the Riouw Archipelago. It differs from all by the golden puberulous, soon glabrescent innovations, the thicker, broader, more ovate leaflets, and the structure of the inflorescences (short, slender, subequally branched). In the technical characters it seems closest to var. sericea (Ridley) Veldk., but it differs by the leafblades with fewer pairs of nerves, the sparsely white puberulous inflorescence axes and branches (the hairs can easily be distinguished separately and seem longer), the pedicels with the lower part distinctly much longer than the upper, the rounded petals, and the apparently larger fruits. It does not seem to be identical with the collection from the Riouw Archipelago mentioned earlier [Veldkamp, Blumea 15 (1967) 533; Fl. Males. I, 7 (1971) 171], which has the typical long and narrow leaves of the other varieties of S. laxa, although also rather coriaceous. The infructescence seems similar, but the sepals in fruit are hairy mainly in the midline and not regularly all over as in var. brigittae. Another collection from the same area is De Wilde & De Wilde-Duyfjes 20674 (L).

Beschreibung: The Astronieae (Melastomataceae) occur in Southeast Asia and include Astrocalyx Merr., Astronia Blume, Astronidium A. Gray, and Beccarianthus Cogn. Astrocalyx has 1 species, Astronia has 2 sections (1 new) with 59 species (28 new, 7 new varieties, 5 as new combinations, 1 new name).

Beschreibung: In this volume the author concentrates on the comparative study of tropical flowers. He gives a practical approach (see Introduction, page 3) to recognize tropical flowers at three levels: a) Organization (‘Bauplan’), with emphasis on history and macroevolution (see Chapter 2); b) Construction (‘Gestalt’), i.e. architecture (see Chapter 3); and c) Mode, with emphasis on ecology and microevolution (see Chapters 4 & 5). Its scope is the understanding or biological interpretation of characters and character variation of flowers for the phylogenetic reconstruction of the angiosperms at these levels. The author claims that knowledge of the phylogenetic history and of the interactions between animals and plants may be of vital importance for the evaluation of conservation actions and that the modem threats to biodiversity urges more and better knowledge of the biology of flowers in the widest sense. In Chapters 2-7 an enormous number of facts about flowers have been brought together, most from literature but also from original sources, providing a unique insight into the (reproductive) morphology, biology and evolution of flowers, as much as possible indicating the major presumed evolutionary trends.

Beschreibung: Six new species of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae) from the Flora Malesiana region are described and illustrated; two new combinations are made; one species formerly ascribed to Aglaia (Amoora) is assigned to Dysoxylum, a second to Xylocarpus, and a third to Santiria (Burseraceae).

Beschreibung: A critical study of the nongeniculate Corallinaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from the Spermonde Archipelago, Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been carried out. More than 750 collections, including type- and other relevant collections, were examined. In total 16 taxa belonging to 7 genera of nongeniculate Corallinaceae are reported. These are Lithophyllum (4 species), Hydrolithon (3 species), Mastophora (2 species), Neogoniolithon (1 species), Spongites (2 species), Lithothamnion (1 species), and Mesophyllum (3 species). The synonymy, type collection(s), type locality (ies), specimens examined, a detailed description, and remarks are given for each taxon. Two collections are referred to an unidentified taxon, probably belonging to the genus Spongites.

Beschreibung: This study deals with the systematics of the free-veined Polypodiaceae lacking any soral paraphyses and represented only in the paleotropics. It includes the recognition and description of two species of Thylacopteris Kunze ex J. Sm. a full synonymy and a discussion of its systematic position.

Beschreibung: Alocasia simonsiana A. Hay is described and illustrated. A previously published key to Alocasia in Australasia is amended to include the new species.

Beschreibung: A revision of the genus Kunstleria Prain is presented here. Seven species occur in the Malesian region, while one is found in Kerala (India). Two new species are described, K. geesinkii and K. sarawakensis, while four others are put into synonymy: K. borneensis and K. atroviolacea are regarded as synonymous with K. forbesii, and K. elmeri and K derryi are conspecific with K. ridleyi. A key, distribution maps and descriptions are given.

Beschreibung: In our paper on seaweeds of the Snellius-II expedition (Coppejans & Prud’homme van Reine, 1989) we suggested that the new species Rhipilia nigrescens had been described in Phycologia. Due to regulations of that journal and corroborated by the short spell between acceptance and publication in Blumea, the Latin description can no longer be expected to be published as suggested. To validate the name of the new species a Latin description and a designation of the holotype is published here.

Beschreibung: After a discussion about Orophea multiflora, / O. chinensis. three new species (O. sarawakensis, O. leuseri, O. malayana) are described. Amended keys to subgenera and species are presented too, including new facts about some species recognized in the recent revision of the genus Orophea.

Beschreibung: The following species, described in Dendrobium but belonging to Cadetia, have not yet been formally transferred: Cadetia citrina (Ridley) Schuiteman, comb. nov. Dendrobium citrinum Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 9 (1916) 175. Dendrobium fluctuosum J.J. Sm., Bot. Jahrb. 66 (1934) 186, syn. nov. — Cadetia fluctuosa (J.J. Sm.) P.F. Hunt, Kew Bull. 26 (1971) 179, syn. nov. Note – Cadetia citrina is a distinctive, large-flowered species, related to C. cyclopensis (J.J. Sm.) Schltr., but with relatively much shorter, elliptic petals and broadly rounded side-lobes to the lip. More than half a dozen collections of C. citrina were studied, including the types of Dendrobium fluctuosum and D. citrinum. They are quite constant morphologically, differing only somewhat in the size of the flowers. The description of Dendrobium citrinum is of a relatively small-flowered specimen, that of D. fluctuosum of a large-flowered one. Most of the specimens seen by me were intermediate in size. This very pretty species is widely distributed in New Guinea, from the Cenderawasih [Vogelkop] Peninsula in Irian Jaya to the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, between 1100 and 2000 m asl. Cadetia doormanii (J.J. Sm.) Schuiteman, comb. nov. Dendrobium doormanii J.J. Sm., Nova Guinea 14 (1929) 397.

Beschreibung: The genera Padbruggea Miq., Whitfordiodendron Elmer, and Millettia sections ‘urybotryae’ and ‘ustromillettia’ were united under Callerya Endl. by Geesink (1984). This article presents the necessary new combinations for Callerya sensu Geesink. An outline of the taxonomic history of the genus is given together with some notes on the taxonomic and phylogenetic position. The genus is separated from the remaining bulk of Millettia on account of its thick paniculate inflorescences and diadelphous stamens. A majority also shares conspicuous bracts and bracteoles and a more or less bilaterally symmetric calyx. A key to the nineteen species recognized and full descriptions of the species are provided in the taxonomic part.

Beschreibung: This book is essentially a much expanded and updated version of Dressier’s well known ‘The Orchids; natural history and classification’ (1981), without the parts on natural history. Dressier divides the orchid family in five subfamilies: Apostasioideae, Cypripedioideae, Epidendroideae, Spiranthoideae, Orchidoideae. The Epidendroideae have swallowed the Vandoideae, which he recognized in his earlier book. At the tribal and subtribal level there are many changes too. Most of these changes reflect increased knowledge and the results of in-dept studies, and are therefore likely to be improvements. The classification proposed is the most thorough and best-argued one currently available. Much is still tentative, however, and even the number of subfamilies and their circumscription can by no means be considered definitive. Dressler is an open-minded scientist, who never hides his doubts and uncertainties about his own system. He would be the first to point out weak spots in his scheme. In the same spirit I should like to offer some comments and criticisms.

Beschreibung: Nepenthes pectinata Danser is shown to be based on mixed specimens belonging to two other previously validly described taxa (viz. N. gymnamphora and N. singalana). It is reduced here and the syntypes are referred to the respective valid taxa. A new species of Nepenthes from Taram, Central Sumatra, N. adnata, is described.

Beschreibung: In the present work details are given in the first place for the Malesian Olacaceae, representing the basis of my forthcoming treatment of the family in ‘Flora Malesiana’, in which full descriptions of the Malesian genera and species will be given. As the Olacaceae of Malesia are connected with those of South and Southeast Asia on the one, and those of Australia and the Pacific on the other side, it has been necessary to study the respective materials too. A part of the Malesian genera is represented also in Africa inch Madagascar, and even in Central and South America; the appertaining species have been studied but are not mentioned in this paper. A critical elaboration of the family for Africa and America is urgently needed, but will, as far as can be seen, be of no influence of the delimitation and scientific names of the Asiatic-Malesian Olacaceae.

Beschreibung: Astronidium (Melastomataceae – Astronieae) has 67 species (29 new, 4 new combinations, 2 new varieties). Beccarianthus (22+ species) was only partially studied; it includes Bamlera Lauterb. & K. Schum. and Everettia Merr., 1 new species is described and 5 new combinations (1 stat. nov.) are proposed.

Beschreibung: The Australian genus Wilkiea is recorded for Papua New Guinea. One species, W. foremanii, is described from the Wharton Range.

Beschreibung: This study comprises a taxonomic revision of Rhysotoechia (Sapindaceae) preceded by a phylogenetic analysis. Fifteen species are recognised and three imperfectly known species are discussed. Five new species from New Guinea are described. Two species from the Philippines, Borneo and one species from Australia are reduced. There are no excluded species. A key, based on both flower and fruit characteristics, gives access to the species. The study was restricted to the macromorphological characters, leading to a data matrix with 25 characters. The cladistic analysis was run with the computerprogram HENNIG86. Eventually one cladogram has been accepted.

Beschreibung: The Indo-Malesian genus Walsura Roxb. is revised and the closely related new genus, Pseudoclausena, is segregated from it. Walsura consists of three sections of which one ( Ruswala) is newly described, and thirteen species of which three (W. dehiscens, W. pachycaulon and W. sarawakensis) are newly described. One new combination is made (W. trifoliolata subsp. acuminata). The Malesian genus Pseudoclausena consists of one species (P. chrysogyne), formerly Walsura chrysogyne, and W. velutina is reduced to a new forma of it. A summary of the taxonomic history of the species is given. Notes on morphology (including micro-features of the leaf surface and pollen), wood, fruit and seed anatomy and chromosome and chemotaxonomic studies are included and seed dispersal systems are considered. Variation within the genera and speciation and biogeography are discussed. Notes on economic botany are given. All species are described and a key is presented.

Beschreibung: Hawai’i is the most isolated major island group in the world, built up by and of volcanos and accordingly unstable but with a remarkable diversity of ecological niches. This has led to a flora on the one hand disharmonic (only three native orchids and one native genus of palms; no Gymnosperms nor primitive flowering plant families), on the other hand one of the worlds finest and most interesting ones. Though the island group is nearest to North America, most of the native flora is of Malesian affinity. In a sense, the flora is poor; one or a few colonist(s) often gave rise to a number of more or less closely related endemic species, some of which often relatively young polymorphic ones. The last complete treatment of the Hawaiian flora was Hillebrand’s ‘Flora of the Hawaiian Islands’ (1888). Since then, much work has been done, with different authors often based upon a very different species concept. This led to often strongly varying numbers of endemic species. Whereas Hillebrand accepted 705 native species, recent estimates varied between 1394 and 20,000-30,000 respectively! The authors of the present manual have tried to keep this number as low as possible; with their own words: “The main contribution of the Manual to Hawaiian botany is in providing a species concept that is probably more realistic, more functional, and more relevant to the understanding of this unique flora than anything available since the works of Hillebrand and Rock.” The total number of species here accepted is 1817; 956 of these are considered to be native and of these 89% are endemic. The number of genera accepted is 216, 15% of which are still endemic, but several of these are expected to be merged in the future with extra-Hawaiian genera. A good example of the treatment of endemic variation is to be found under Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) with 53 species accepted.

Beschreibung: This publication presents a catalogue of the taxa of the neotropical family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, including about 600 described species and 70 genera. An attempt is made to assign each species to its proper genus and to arrange the genera into an approximate phylogenetic order. Numerous new combina tions have become necessary. A new tribe, consisting of two new subtribes, and three new genera are herein established. Notes on type-material, recorded in the literature subsequent to an original description, are added. Literature references aim to include all publications containing original descriptions and proposals of new names.

Beschreibung: This compilation of stratigraphic and structural data accompanying the (re)issue of the 1:50000 sheets completes the project initiated by Prof. L.U. de Sitter in 1950. The total area mapped comprises about 400 km² in a strip more than 150 km from east to west. This part of the Hercynian tectogene is characterized by a very consistent sequence of Palaeozoic shelf sediments only interrupted by syn- to late-orogenetic flysch-molasse development. Neither of these sequences lend themselves to a simple geosynclinal model. Only the suprastructures of the orogene are exposed here; essentially decollement thrusting and folding. Fold and thrust vergences vary through 180° giving the centripetal pattern of the well-known Knee of Asturias. Very minor amounts of igneous rock have been mapped although activity in some form has been registered throughout most of the systems represented. The degree of metamorphism is so slight to have been negligible for the mapping.

Beschreibung: Leporinus nijsseni, an anostomid fish species new to science, is described from Suriname. New diagnoses and descriptions are provided for Leporinus granti Eigenmann, 1912 and Leporinus gomesi Garavello & Santos, 1981 from the Aripuanã river basin, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The three species are compared and illustrated.

Beschreibung: After a few years of serious illness Dr. W. L. van Utrecht, born 13 December 1926 in Tiel, died still very unexpected at the age of 67 year on 10 August 1994. After a study of chemistry and biology he joined from 1952 till 1963 the working group for Cetacea of the Netherlands Organisation of Applied Sciences (TNO), and the University of Amsterdam in the periods 1953-1956 and 1963-1988. In the season 1953/54 his first large expedition took place with the catcher “Enern”, a three month trip for whale marking, and two month visit to South Georgia. As an inspector he made a cruise to the Antarctic ocean with the Dutch whalefactory ship “Willem Barendsz” in the seasons 1959/1960 and as a scientist in the period 1962/1963. In 1966 he got his PhD at the same day as his wife C. N. Van Utrecht-Cock. In the period 1955-1963 important contributions were made to the Scientific Subcommittee of the International Whaling Commission. His last important field work was done during a scientific cruise in 1980 to the North Atlantic Ocean, studying bathypelagic fish and eel larvae. Van Utrecht was a broadly educated person, discussing politics, arts and economics with the same ease as biological problems, always having the literature and newest developments at hand to enlighten the discussions. His main interest foccussed on Whales and whaling, growth in all kind of animals, and marine biology as is clear from his literature list. A great number of manuscripts he left, however, in an unfinished state, not inclined to complete minor details in general theory or results. For this reason he did not publish on, for example, the history of whaling and sciences, development of universities, general principles of symmetry in biology. Many students still have great profit from his allround interest and knowledge.

Beschreibung: A new species of the tropical-subtropical genus Monanchora Carter, 1883, is reported from São Tiago (Cape Verde Islands) and Ascension Island. The new species, M. stocki n. sp., is compared with related Atlantic and Indo-Pacific species, viz. Caribbean M. arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (senior synonym of Echinostylinos unguiferus De Laubenfels, 1953, and Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1969), and Indo-Pacific M. unguiculata (Dendy, 1922). The new species stands out among Monanchora species by the longer and more pointed teeth of its spatulate-unguiferate chelae, which in extreme cases almost meet. The structure of the chelae of Monanchora species of various parts of its range are compared with that found in some other (? related) genera, leading to critical remarks on current familial classifications of the Poecilosclerida.

Beschreibung: Les auteurs ont examiné une collection de 38 échantillons d’Ostracodes d’eau douce récoltés par le Prof. J. H. Stock sur les Iles Canaries de 1985 à 1987. Seules quelques espèces ont été trouvées. Cypridopsis lanzarotensis fut décrite par Mallwitz (1984) de l’île de Lanzarote (îles Canaries); c’est la première fois qu’elle est signalée depuis sa découverte. Dans le présent travail, l’espèce est transférée dans le genre Sarscypridopsis McKenzie 1977. Les espèces suivantes sont signalées pour la première fois des Iles Canaries: Plesiocypridopsis newtoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870); Cypretta seurati Gauthier, 1929 ainsi que les deux espèces cosmopolites Cypridopsis vidua (O. F. Müller, 1776) et Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808). La taxonomie, l’écologie et la distribution géographique des trois premières espèces sont brièvement discutées.

Beschreibung: To verify the potential of fatty acids as trophic markers, feeding experiments were carried out with the dominant herbivorous copepods Ca/anus finmarchicus, C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis from the Greenland Sea during two Arctic expeditions in June/July 1991. Depending on the fatty acid composition of these copepods, the diatom Thalassiosira antarctica or the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae were offered as food to induce deviating fatty acid compositions. Since the copepodite Stages CV of C. finmarchicus had very low amounts of the 16: 1(n-7) fatty acid but high amounts of 18:4(n-3), the specimens were fed on T. antarctica rich in 16: 1(n-7) over a period of up to 42 days. At the end of the feeding experiment the portion of the 16:1(n-7) fatty acid had strongly increased by 11%, while the 18:4(n-3) fatty acid was almost depleted. In contrast, high amounts of the 16: l(n-7) fatty acid in C. hyperboreus (CV) suggested feeding on diatoms, therefore its diet was changed to A. carterae dominated by high amounts of the 18:4(n-3) fatty acid. After 47 days the portion of 18:4(n-3) increased by 8%, whereas 16:1(n-7) decreased by 3%. In female C. glacialis the changes in the fatty acid composition after feeding with A. carterae were less pronounced as compared to the other species, due to a severe lipid loss during the experiment. The feeding experiments document the incorporation and turnover of dietary fatty acids under controlled laboratory conditions and provide clear evidence for the potential of specific fatty acids as trophic marker lipids.Keywords: Arctic; Copepod; Feeding; Lipid; Fatty acid; Alcohol; Trophic marker

Beschreibung: Three dominant Antarctic copepods, Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas and Metridia gerlachei (copepodite stages V and females), were collected during summer (January/ February) in the southern Weddell Sea south of 70°S Detailed analyses of their lipid and fatty acid/ alcohol compositions were carried out. The trophic positions of these copepods were elucidated by means of the lipid compositions (marker lipids). High amounts of wax esters were found in C. acutus (92% of total lipids) and in R. gigas (84-86%). The level of wax esters in M. gerlachei was relatively low (27-42%), while the accumulation of triacylglycerols tended to be higher (19-22%). Characteristic lipid components of C. acutus were the long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and fatty alcohols 20:1 (n-9) and 22:1 (n-il). These components together with elevated amounts of the 18:4 (n-3) and, to a lesser degree, of the 16:1 (n-7) fatty acids, typical of phytoplankton lipids, indicatc herbivorous feeding for C. acutus. Other abundant fatty acids were 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Thc fatty acid composition of M. gerlachei was characterized by very high amounts of these 22:6 and 20:5 acids. Other important fatty acids werc 18:1 (n-9) and 16:0, but only small amounts of 16:1 (n-7) and 18:4 (n-3) occurred. In contrast to C. acutus the fatty alcohols of M. gerlachei consisted almost exclusively of the short-chain components 14:0 and 16:0. M. gerlachei is known as an omnivorous species, which was clearly reflcctcd by its lipid and fatty acid/alcohol pattern. Few data arc available on the feeding of R. gigas, but it is usually describcd as an herbivorous small-particle feeder. R. gigas showed fatty acid/alcohol characteristics typical of either C. acutus or M. gerlachei. Higher amounts of the 16:1 (n-7) and 18:4 (n-3) fatty acids suggest herbivorous feeding, whereas the dominance of short-chain alcohols (14:0 and 16:0) resembled the lipid pattern found in the omnivorous M. gerlachei. Hence, the lipid composition of R. gigas showed an intermediate pattern, which implies a tendency towards an opportunistic feeding mode, positioned somewhere between the other two species.