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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Köln : Inst. f. Geophys. u. Met.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 192(35)
    In: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 91 S.
    Series Statement: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln 35
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 71 (1999), S. 229-242 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary ¶On August the 11th, 1999 Central Europe saw a spectacular astronomical event, a total solar eclipse. We present a model study concerning the meteorological effects of this eclipse in central Europe using the state-of-the-art limited area forecast model Deutschland-Modell DM from the German Weather Service DWD. Under typical summer radiation conditions very strong anomalies in the surface energy flux and temperature in screen height are simulated. The main temperature signal in the lower troposphere is delayed by about one hour with respect to the surface. Furthermore it is connected with a well defined dynamical signal which is reminiscent to a large scale land – sea circulation. The event could be used as a test case for mesoscale atmospheric models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 35 (1985), S. 341-359 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird das Problem der Rekonstruktion von mittleren Sommertemperaturen aus sogenannten Proxydaten untersucht. Sehr viel Wert wird auf die statistische Signifikanz der Rekonstruktion gelegt. Kreuzspektralanalyse wird benutzt, um die Verwendungsfähigkeit eines linearen Modells als Transfermodell zwischen Temperatur und Proxydaten zu ermitteln. Die Parameter des linearen Transfermodells werden aus den Daten der sogenannten Eichperiode abgeschätzt und die damit für eine unabhängige Periode rekonstruierten Temperaturen werden mit gemessenen verglichen. In jedem Schritt der Analyse werden strikte statistische Tests durchgeführt, um die Ergebnisse zu untermauern. Die Methode wird an drei Beispielen erprobt: die mittlere April–Juli Temperatur in Basel wird mit Hilfe von Weinlesedaten von NE-Frankreich für die Zeit (1484–1768) rekonstruiert, die mittlere April–September Temperatur in Basel und am Großen Bernhard wird mit Spätholzdichtewerten der Schweizer Voralpen verglichen. Die Weinlesedaten ergeben eine sehr gute Rekonstruktion und die Temperaturreihe für den Zeitraum 1500–1768 wird dokumentiert. Die Spätholzdichten liefern keine gute Temperaturrrekonstruktion.
    Notes: Summary The problem of the reconstruction of mean summer temperatures from proxy data on a rigorous statistical basis is addressed: Cross spectral analysis is used for evaluating the suitability of linear transfer models between proxy data and temperature, the linear model is estimated from the data of a calibration period and it is verified using the data of a different period. Strict statistical tests are applied at every step of the analysis. Three examples using the proposed method are given: the reconstruction of mean April–July temperatures at Basel from grape harvest data in NE France (1484–1768), mean April–September temperatures at Basel from late wood density of trees from the Swiss Prealps (1270‐1768), and mean April–September temperatures at Great St. Bernhard from the late wood proxy too (1270–1850). The grape harvest data give a very good reconstruction, the resulting temperatures from 1500–1768 are documented. The late wood data fails to give a good reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 38 (1988), S. 215-227 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary During the last decades the average temperature of the tropical troposphere (200/850 hPa layer) has steadily increased, between 1965 and 1984 by about 0.8°C in the whole equatorial belt. Data series from a section of individual stations verify this trend as seasonally constant, but decreasing from the equator towards both hemispheres. Further evidence is presented by selected mountain stations and glacier retreat in all equatorial mountains. Above the equatorial Pacific, the same stations indicate an increase of moisture content in the middle troposphere (500/700 hPa layer) expressed in precipitable water as well as in relative humidity. This coincides with increasing sea surface temperature in the area around Indonesia and northern Australia. Above Africa the trend is (if real) quite patchy. Due to the short residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere the horizontal (zonal ) distances between its sources and sinks remain near 2000 km, which may explain, in addition to instrumental differences, large regional deviations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The time-dependent variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation is examined in an observational data set and several model data sets with greenhouse-gas-induced external forcings. The index of the North Atlantic Oscillation state is derived from the time series of mean latitudinal position and central pressure of the Icelandic Low and the Azores High considering the synchronous meridional shifting of the two pressure systems. While the North Atlantic Oscillation is characterized by intensive interannual variability, the low-pass filtered index time series shows a decadal component with a time scale of about 50 y within almost 120 y of observation. Since the late 1960s we observe a positive trend and a transition to a strong positive phase of the phenomenon indicative of a pre-dominantly zonal circulation over the North Atlantic. This trend occurs equally in the observations and all examined model data sets with increasing greenhouse-gas-concentration and atmosphere-ocean coupling. We find statistical evidence that the radiative forcing by increasing CO2 concentration has a significant influence on the simulated variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation on time scales of 60 y and longer, independent of the initial conditions and the model version. The seasonal response is strongest in late summer and winter. The interannual variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation states on time scales less than 10 y decreases synchronously with the positive trend of its decadal-mean state implying a stabilization of its present and future zonal state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 65 (2000), S. 137-155 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary We present a multivariate statistical interpolation method for optimal averaging of incomplete climatological data. This objective analysis is based on a linear regression of the data under the constraints of unbiasedness and minimized analysis error variance. One of the important features of the presented interpolation is the efficient exchange of common information between the analysed variables. This exchange is controlled by the covariances and leads to a remarkable reduction of the analysis error variance compared with theunivariate optimal interpolation. The second moment statistics are estimated exclusively on the basis of the given data using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Another important feature of the analysis is the partition of the entire analysis area into subregions. The estimation of the covariances and the calculation of the EOFs are carried out in each of these subregions separately. This results in a robust covariance estimation, and the regional dynamical characteristics are taken into account as well. The analysis is applied to the monthly horizontal wind data of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). Uni-, bi-, and trivariate analyses of the vector wind and the scalar wind velocity are performed for the Januaries 1951–1993 restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. The results show a remarkable decrease of the analysis error when the number of simultaneously analysed variables is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Electronic ISSN: 1683-1470
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Ubiquity Press
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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