ALBERT

Note: Contents: Intro; Contents; Foreword to Water Is; Introduction: Three Seths on Water; 1 Water is Chemistry and Physics ; 2 Water is Biology ; 3 Water is Nature ; 4 Water is Society ; 5 Water is Government ; 6 Water is Innovation ; 7 Water is Culture ; 8 Water is Future

Note: Contents: Vorwort ; 2. Populisten vs. Elite, Elite vs. Populisten ; 3. Der Populismus und die Politische Ökonomie der Globalisierung ; 4. Der Aufstieg der Rechtspopulisten in Deutschland ; 5. Die europäische Geografie des Populismus ; 6. Die Europäisierung des Populismus

Note: Contents: Einleitung ; 1. Aus der Klimageschichte lernen ; 2. Die globale Erwärmung ; 3. Die Folgen des Klimawandels ; 4. Klimawandel in der öffentlichen Diskussion ; 5. Die Lösung des Klimaproblems

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Contents: Preface - The strongman economy? ; 1 - Putin's economic inheritance ; 2 - Reforging the Russian state ; 3 - Rise of the energy giants ; 4 - Stabilizing Russia's finances ; 5 - Restructuring Russian industry ; 6 - Wages and welfare ; 7 From crisis to crisis ; 8 - Putinomics under pressure ; Postscript - Can Putinomics survive?

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: Jacobin legacy: the origins of social justice -- National welfare and the universal declaration -- FDR's second bill -- Globalizing welfare after empire -- Basic needs and human rights -- Global ethics from equality to subsistence -- Human rights in the neoliberal maelstrom -- Conclusion: Croesus's world.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. History and evolution of the postdoctoral scholar in the United States / Keith Micoli and Steve Wendell 2. A review of postdoc reforms in the United States and the case of the Fair Labor Standards Act updates of 2016 / Adriana Bankston and Gary S. McDowell 3. Institutional support, programs, and policies for postdoctoral training / Nisha A. Cavanaugh 4. Postdoc scholars in S&E departments : plights, departmental expectations, and policies / Xuhong Su and Mary Alexander 5. Proactive postdoc mentoring / Sarah C. Hokanson and Bennett B. Goldberg 6. Career coherence, agency, and the postdoctoral scholar / Karen J. Haley, Tara D. Hudson and Audrey J. Jaeger 7. European cross-national mixed-method study on early career researcher experience / Montserrat Castelló, Kirsi Pyhältö and Lynn McAlpine 8. Postdoc trajectories : making visible the invisible / Lynn McAlpine 9. Global perspectives on the postdoctoral scholar experience / Karri Holley ... [et al.]

Note: Contents Characterization of soil organic matter of Arctic and Antarctic by 13- C NMR and electron spin resonance spectroscopy / Evgeny Abakumov Development of phosphorus forms in soil chronosequence of the Nordenskioldbreen glacier (Svalbard) / Adel Allaberdina, Václav Tejnecký Vertical snow structures from in-situ and remote sensing measurements / Stefanie Arndt, Nicolas Stoll, Stephan Paul, Christian Haas Phenology of Calanus glacialis – comparison between Arctic and Atlantic domains and its implications for reproductive success of little auks / Kaja Balazy, Emilia Trudnowska, Katarzyna Blachowiak-Samolyk Response of southern tundra ecosystem components on aerial pollution from gas pre-treatment centers in West Siberia / Pavel A. Barsukov Soil-ecological excursions to permafrost-affected areas in West Siberia for European scientists and students / Pavel A. Barsukov, S. Platonova, S. Gizhitskaya, E. Smolentseva, N. Lashchinskiy, A. Babenko, I. Lyubechanskiy, O. Saprykin, O.Rusalimova Christian Siewert Freezing and hungry? Hydrocarbon degrading microbial communities in Barents Sea sediments around Svalbard / Bartholomäus Sven, Nontje Straaten, Daniela Zoch, Martin Krüger Biological soil crust algae in the polar regions – biodiversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem resilience under global change scenarios / Burkhard Becker, Burkhard Büdel and Ulf Karsten UDASH - Unified Database for Arctic and Subarctic Hydrography / Axel Behrendt, Hiroshi Sumata, Benjamin Rabe, Torsten Kanzow and Ursula Schauer Compound-specific radiocarbon constraints on Antarctic sediment chronologies / Sonja Berg, Sandra Jivcov, Janet Rethemeyer Environmental conditions in terrestrial East Antarctica during the last glacial - new evidence from mumiyo deposits / Sonja Berg, Martin Melles, Wolf-Dieter Hermichen, Janet Rethemeyer, Gerhard Kuhn Collection-based diatom research: collection imaging to biogeography and microevolution in the Southern Ocean / Bánk Beszteri, Stefan Pinkernell, Michael Kloster, Ute Postel, Gerhard Kauer, Uwe John, Klaus Valentin, Gernot Glöckner In vivo observations of OWA induced pH changes in the brain of polar cod Boreogadus saida / Christian Bock, Felizitas C. Wermter, Bastian Maus, Hans-O. Pörtner, Wolfgang Dreher A journey into the Triassic polar forests of Antarctica / Benjamin Bomfleur Long-term time-series of Arctic BrO derived from UV-VIS satellite remote sensing / lias Bougoudis, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Andreas Richter, Sora Seo, John P. Burrows The effect of climate change on the carbon balance in microalgae / Deborah Bozzato, Torsten Jakob, Christian Wilhelm Species composition and abundance of the shallow water fish community of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Brand, Philipp Fischer Decadal changes in a breeding population of southern giant petrels on King George Island, Antarctic, in response to human activities / Christina Braun, Jan Esefeld, Hans-Ulrich Peter Geodetic GNSS measurements to investigate the recent crustal deformation at the Antarctic Peninsula and in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica / Peter Busch, Mirko Scheinert, Christoph Knöfel, Lutz Eberlein, Martin Horwath, Ludwig Schröder, Andreas Groh Parameterization of snow BRDF measurements in Antarctica / T. Carlsen, G. Birnbaum, A. Ehrlich, M. Schäfer, and M. Wendisch Airborne and in situ ground-based measurements of surface albedo, bidirectional reflectivity, and snow properties on the Antarctic plateau / T. Carlsen, M. Belke Brea, G. Birnbaum, A. Ehrlich, J. Freitag, G. Heygster, L. Istomina, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Orsi, M. Schäfer, and M. Wendisch Retreats of ice sheet and ice shelf driven by warm water incursions in the Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum / Zhihua Chen, Mengshan Ju, Shulan Ge, Zheng Tang, Yuanhui Huang, Renjie Zhao, Ralf Tiedemann, Lester Lembke-Jene Influence of breeze circulation on local wind climatology in Svalbard fjords / Małgorzata Cisek, Przemysław Makuch, Tomasz Petelski, Jacek Piskozub Life strategies on photobiology and metabolite profile of genetic indentical photobionts of two different lichen species / Nadine Determeyer-Wiedmann, Sieglinde Ott Land-Ocean Interactions in the late glacial Bering Sea / B. Diekmann, R. Wang, H. Kühn, R. Gersonde, R. Tiedemann, G. Kuhn Does environmental change affect polar microbial communities? / Daniel R. Dietrich Rapid glacial isostatic uplift in Patagonia: Interplay of enhanced ice mass loss and slab window tectonics / R. Dietrich, A. Richter, E. Ivins, H. Lange, L. Mendoza, L. Schröder, J.L. Hormaechea, G. Casassa, E. Marderwald, M. Fritsche, R. Perdomo, M. Horwath Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: the evolution of a diverse Antarctic sea spider radiation / Lars Dietz, Jana S. Dömel, Christoph Mayer, Florian Leese Revealing the evolutionary history of Southern Ocean sea spiders using genome-wide SNP data / Jana S. Dömel, Till-Hendrik Macher, Lars Dietz, Christoph Mayer, Roland R. Melzer and Florian Leese Geothermal heat flux derived from airborne magnetic grids and measured temperature gradients in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica / Ricarda Dziadek, Karsten Gohl, Fausto Ferraccioli, Norbert Kaul, Cornelia Spiegel Sea spray aerosol fluxes in the area of the Spitsbergen Shelf and the Greenland Sea / K. Dziembor, T. Petelski, P. Markuszewski, T. Zieliński, P. Makuch, I. Wróbel More than two decades of geodetic GNSS measurements in Antarctica, Greenland and Patagonia – a technology review / Lutz Eberlein, Mirko Scheinert, Peter Busch, Christoph Knöfel, Andreas Richter Analysing the flow velocity of major outlet glaciers in North Greenland using Landsat data / Benjamin Ebermann, Ralf Rosenau, Mirko Scheinert, Martin Horwath Partitioning growing season net ecosystem exchange of CO2 into photosynthesis, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in the Siberian tundra / Tim Eckhardt, Christian Knoblauch, Lars Kutzbach, Gillian Simpson, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer Meteorological collaboration in the Arctic / Johanna Ekman Meteorological aspects of S.A. Andrée’s attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon in 1897 / Dieter Etling Geodetic mass balance on South Georgia glaciers / David Farias-Barahona, Christian Sommer, Thorsten Seehaus, Philipp Malz, Gino Casassa, Matthias H. Braun Frozen-Ground Cartoons: An international collaboration between artists and permafrost scientists / Michael Fritz, Frédéric Bouchard, Bethany Deshpande, Julie Malenfant-Lepage, Alexandre Nieuwendam, Michel Paquette, Ashley Rudy, Matthias Siewert, Audrey Veillette, Stefanie Weege, Jon Harbor, Otto Habeck, Ylva Sjöberg The Akademii Nauk ice core and solar activity / Diedrich Fritzsche, Luisa von Albedyll, Silke Merchel, Thomas Opel, Georg Rugel, Andreas Scharf Walther Bruns, Gründer der „Aeroarctic“ – ein vergessener Pionier der Deutschen Polarforschung / Diedrich Fritzsche Warming and reduction of precipitations affect the microbiome of recently deglaciated soils in the Swiss Alps / Aline Frossard, Johanna Donhauser, Pascal Niklaus, Thomas Rime, Beat Frey The ice-free topography of Svalbard / Johannes J. Fürst, Francisco Navarro, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Geir Moholdt, Xavier Fettweis, Charlotte Lang, Thorsten Seehaus, Matthias H. Braun, Douglas I. Benn, Toby J. Benham, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Mariusz Grabiec, Jack Kohler, Katrin Lindbäck, Rickard Pettersson, Heidi Sevestre Scientific Drilling in Antarctica? Coming to a new drilling proposal / Christoph Gaedicke, Gerhard Kuhn, Olaf Eisen, Andreas Läufer, Emma Smith, Nikola Koglin, Boris Biskaborn, Dieter Franke, Ralf Tiedemann German permanent research facilities in Antarctica - a 40 years record / Hartwig Gernandt Pre-glacial and glacial shelf evolution from seismic and seabed drill records of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica / Karsten Gohl, Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Robert Larter, Johann Klages, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Torsten Bickert, Steve Bohaty, Ulrich Salzmann, Thomas Frederichs, Catalina Gebhardt, Katharina Hochmuth and Expedition PS104 Science Party The Turnove

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1Wissenschaftliche Zielsetzung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Grundgleichungen 2.2 Potentielle Vorticity 2.3 Planetare Wellen 2.4 Atmosphärische Instabilität 2.5 Grenzschicht 2.6 Kopplung von Tropo- und Stratosphäre 3 Daten und Methoden 3.1 N-ICE2015 3.1.1 Expeditionsbeschreibung 3.1.2 Ziele der Expedition 3.2 Daten 3.2.1 Beobachtungsdaten 3.2.2 ERA-Interim Reanalyse 3.2.3 Das HIRHAM5 Modell 3.3 Analysemethoden 3.3.1 Temperaturinversionen 3.3.2 Vertikale Stabilität 3.3.3 Grenzschichthöhe 3.3.4 Eady Growth Rate 3.3.5 2d-Skalenfilterung und -Pattern-Korrelation 3.3.6 Nudging Experiment 4 Analyse der N-ICE2015 Radiosonden 4.1 Blick auf die Troposphäre 4.2 Fallstudie zum M2-Sturm: A 4.3 Zyklonencharakteristika 4.4 Temperaturinversionen und Stabilität 4.5 Vergleich mit ERA-Interim, SHEBA und Ny-Ålesund 4.6 Résumé der Expeditionsdaten 5 Nudging Studien mit HIRHAM5 5.1 Vergleich mit ERA-Interim 5.2 Vergleich der Simulationen 5.3 Fallstudie zum M2-Sturm: B 5.3.1 Synoptische Aktivität 5.4 Statistischer Vergleich 6 Einfluss der Stratosphäre 6.1 Stratosphäre im Winter 2014/2015 6.2 Fallstudie zum M2-Sturm: C 6.3 PV als Ladung 6.4 Résumé der Beobachtungen 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick A Zusätztliche Abbildungen B Literaturverzeichnis

Note: Contents: 1. What is degrowth? ; 2. The economics of degrowth ; 3. Economic growth from a degrowth perspective ; 4. The case for degrowth ; 5. The utopia of degrowth ; 6. Controversies, debates and future research

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2018 , Table of Content I. Abstract II. Deutsche Zusammenfassung 0 Preface 1 Scientific Background 1.1 Paleoenvironmental changes since the gLGM in arid Central Asia and north-western High Asia 1.1.1 Paleoclimatic changes 1.1.2 Lake level fluctuations following climatic changes 1.1.3 Inferred terrestrial vegetation responses to environmental changes and possible human impact 1.2 The role of proxy records in tracing environmental changes 1.2.1 Archives and Proxies investigated in environmental studies in Central Asia 1.2.2 Limnological systems as environmental archives 1.2.3 The multiproxy approach as a tool to decipher environmental change 1.3 Study area 1.4 Material and Method Overview 1.4.1 Field based sampling 1.4.2 Outline of material and methods 1.5 Aim and objectives ofthis thesis 1.6 Thesis outline 1.7 Contribution of the authors 1.7.1 Manuscript I - published 1.7.2 Manuscript II - published 1.7.3 Manuscript III - published 1.7.4 Manuscript IV - in preparation 2 Manuscript I Climatic and limnological changes at Lake Karakul (Tajikistan) during the last ~29 cal ka 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study Area 2.4 Material and methods 2.4.1 Fieldwork 2.4.2 Laboratory analysis 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Age-depth relationship in core KK12-1 2.5.2 TIC, TOC, TOC/TN, δ18Ocarb and δ13CCarb 2.5.3 Grain-size distribution and results ofend-member modelling 2.5.4 XRF data 2.5.5 Ordination results of sediment parameters 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Paleoenvironmental indicators from sediment variables 2.6.2 Implications ofthe Lake Karakul sediment record 2.6.3 Linking lake internal development to climate change 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 Acknowledgements 2.9 Data availability 3 Manuscript II Aquatic macrophyte dynamics in Lake Karakul (Eastern Pamir) over the last 29 cal ka revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA and geochemical analyses of macrofossil remains 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Material and Methods 3.3.1 Sample acquisition and treatment 3.3.2 Genetic approach 3.3.3 Elemental isotopic analyses ofaquatic macrophyte remains 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Macrophyte records along lake depth transects in Lake Karakul 3.4.2 Submerged plant content 3.4.3 Ancient DNA analyses 3.4.4 C, N, δ13C and δ15N of Stuckenia cf. pamirica remains 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Assessment of aDNA and chemical aquatic macrophyte data as proxies for the macrophyte composition and the paleo-productivity 3.5.2 Changes of past submerged plant composition and productivity and potential drivers 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Acknowledgements 3.8 Data Availability 4 Manuscript III Radiocarbon and optical stimulated luminescence dating of sediments from Lake Karakul, Tajikistan 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Regional setting 4.4 Methods 4.4.1 Collection and correlation of cores 4.4.2 Radiocarbon dating 4.4.3 Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating 4.4.4 Establishment ofage-depth model 4.4.5 Investigation of exposed lake sediments 4.5 Results 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Recovered sediments and correlation ofcores from Lake Karakul 4.6.2 Age-depth model, and assessment of radiocarbon and OSL age data 4.6.3 Significance ofexposed sediments at section KK13-S1 4.6.4 Implications ofthe chronological data 4.7 Conclusion 4.8 Acknowledgements 5 Manuscript IV Vegetation change in the Eastern Pamir Mountains inferred from Lake Karakul pollen spectra of the last 28 ka 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study site 5.4 Material and Methods 5.4.1 Sediment cores and chronology 5.4.2 Pollen sample preparation and pollen analyses 5.4.3 Pollen data treatment 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Composite core (KK12-1/2; 27.6 cal ka BP to present) 5.5.2 Short core TAJ-Kar-08-lB 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Interpretation of pollen data 5.6.2 Terrestrial vegetation change in the Eastern Pamir Mountains in response to past climate change 5.7 Conclusions 5.8 Acknowledgements 5.9 Data Availability 6 Synthesis 6.1 Proxy evaluation 6.1.1 Age-depth relationship 6.1.2 Limnological proxies 6.1.3 Terrestrial proxies 6.2 The potential of Lake Karakul as archive for long term environmental change in the Eastern Pamir 6.3 Climate and moisture availability changes over time - inferred from sedimentary proxies 6.4 Assessment ofthe aquatic macrophyte composition and paleoproductivity within Lake Karakul 6.5 Inferred terrestrial vegetation changes as responds to climatic changes over the last 28 cal ka 6.6 Comparison inferred regional vegetation, lake internal and lake external variations and changes in climate reconstructed in other studies 6.6.1 Pre- gLGM and global Last Glacial Maximum (27.6 to 19 cal ka BP) 6.6.2 Late glacial 6.6.3 Early to middle Holocene 6.6.4 Middle to late Holocene 6.7 Outlook 7 Appendix 7.1 Supplementary information for Manuscript I 7.2 Supplementary information for Manuscript II 7.3 Supplementary information for Manuscript III 8 References Danksagung Eldesstattliche Erklärung

Note: Contents: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Themes, Approach and Structure of the Book -- 1.1.1 Methodology and Approach -- 1.1.2 Structure and Themes -- References -- Chapter 2: Political Coalitions in Agricultural and Food Policies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Value Chains and Political Coalitions -- 2.2.1 Consumers -- 2.2.2 Landowners -- 2.2.3 Environmental Concerns -- 2.2.4 International Interests -- 2.2.5 Globalization of Value Chains and New International Coalitions -- 2.2.6 GM Regulations and Agribusiness -- 2.2.7 An Iron Triangle of Food Aid -- 2.2.8 Food, Feed, and Fuel -- 2.2.9 Insuring Crops or the Insurance Industry? -- 2.2.10 Consumer-Farmer Coalitions -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Factors Influencing Policy Choices -- 3.1 Income Distribution -- 3.1.1 Relative Income and Loss Aversion -- 3.1.2 Inequality and Ideology -- 3.2 Economic Structure -- 3.3 Deadweight Costs and Transaction Costs -- 3.4 Political Institutions -- 3.4.1 Political Regimes -- 3.4.2 Democratization and Agricultural Policies -- 3.4.3 Bureaucracies and Institutions -- 3.5 Ideology -- 3.6 Political Organization -- 3.7 Information -- 3.7.1 The Rationally Ignorant Voter -- 3.7.2 Mass Media -- 3.7.3 The Bad News Hypothesis -- 3.7.4 Information and Policy Instrument Choice -- 3.8 Crises -- 3.9 International Institutions -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- Part II -- Chapter 4: The Development Paradox -- 4.1 Economic Growth, Restructuring, and Political Incentives -- 4.1.1 Information Costs -- 4.1.2 Political Organization -- 4.1.3 Political Reforms -- 4.2 Development and Policy Combinations -- References -- Chapter 5: Anti-Trade Bias and the Political Economy of Instrument Choice -- 5.1 Anti-Trade Bias -- 5.2 Political Economy of Instrument Choice 5.3 Instrument Choice, Trade, and International Institutions -- References -- Chapter 6: Development Paradox and Anti-Trade Bias Revisited? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Reform and Decline of Agricultural Taxation in Poor Countries 1980-2010 -- 6.2.1 Economic Growth: The Development Paradox at Work -- 6.2.2 Political Reforms and Mass Media -- 6.2.3 Structural-Adjustment Programs and Policy Conditionality -- 6.2.4 Summary -- 6.3 Reform of Agricultural Subsidies in Rich Countries -- 6.3.1 The WTO and Policy Reforms -- References -- Chapter 7: Policy Reform in History: Europe, the USA, and China -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Europe -- 7.2.1 Free Trade in Europe -- 7.2.2 The Agricultural Crisis of the Late Nineteenth Century -- 7.2.3 The Growth of Agricultural Protection in the Mid-­Twentieth Century -- 7.2.4 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) -- 7.2.5 A Perfect Storm -- 7.3 USA -- 7.3.1 The Emergence of the Farm Bills -- 7.3.2 Political Coalitions in the Farm Bill -- 7.3.3 Persistence and Policy Reforms -- 7.3.4 Recoupling Through Crop Insurance and Biofuels -- 7.4 China -- 7.4.1 Political Changes, Grassroots Pressure, and Agricultural Reform -- 7.4.2 The World's Largest Agricultural Subsidy Program -- References -- Part III -- Chapter 8: Food Price Volatility -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Benefits and Costs of Price Stabilization -- 8.2.1 Balancing Volatility and Distortions -- 8.3 Trading-off Volatility and Distortions? Empirical Observations -- 8.4 Food Politics with Price Volatility -- References -- Chapter 9: Crises, Media, and Agricultural Development Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Right Price of Food -- 9.2.1 Some Basic Principles -- 9.3 Communications on Price Effects on Poverty and Food Security -- 9.4 The Market for Communication, Mass Media, and Donor Funding -- 9.4.1 Communication Incentives -- 9.4.2 Mass Media and Social Media 9.5 Food Prices and Development Policy Priorities and Funding -- 9.6 Bad News and Good Policies? -- References -- Chapter 10: Food Standards -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Efficiency and Equity Effects -- 10.3 Government Decision-Making on Standards -- 10.4 Development and Pro-Standard and Anti-­Standard Coalitions -- 10.5 Standards and Trade -- 10.6 The Persistence of Standards: Dynamic Political Economics -- 10.7 Trade and Political Dynamics -- References -- Chapter 11: Public Investments in Agricultural and Food Research -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Spillover Effects of Public Research -- 11.3 Distributional Effects of Public Research Investment -- 11.4 Economic Development and Research Investment -- 11.5 Trade and the Impacts of Public Research -- 11.6 Interactions with Other Policies -- References -- Chapter 12: Land and Institutional Reforms -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Political Reforms and Land Reforms: Lessons from Early Twentieth-Century Western Europe -- 12.2.1 Efficiency of Land Rental and Sales Markets -- 12.2.2 A Political Economy Answer to the Puzzle -- 12.2.3 Political Reforms in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries and Land Tenure Reforms -- 12.2.4 Tenure Reform Patterns -- 12.3 Political Changes and Institutional Reforms: Lessons from East Asia and Eastern Europe in the Late Twentieth Century -- 12.3.1 Leadership Change, Reforms, and Legitimacy of the Political System in China -- 12.3.2 Economic Reforms and Political Collapse in Eastern Europe -- 12.3.3 Grassroots Pressure and Leadership Support for Reforms -- 12.4 Historical Legacies and Land Reforms -- 12.4.1 Transfer Landownership or Use Rights? -- 12.4.2 Transfer Land to the Current Users or Previous Owners? -- 12.4.3 In-Kind Versus Share Distribution of Land? -- 12.5 Conclusions: Political Regime Change and Grassroots Pressure -- References -- Chapter 13: Policy Interactions 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Economic Interaction Effects -- 13.3 Political Interaction Effects: Compensation -- 13.4 An Illustration of EIEs and PIES -- 13.4.1 Interactions of Public Agricultural Research Investment and Commodity Policies -- 13.4.2 EIEs with Fixed Commodity Policy -- 13.4.3 EIEs with Endogenous Commodity Policy -- 13.4.4 Politically Optimal PARI with Commodity Policy -- 13.4.5 Economic Development and Endogenous Research and Commodity Policies -- 13.5 Institutions and Credible Compensation -- 13.5.1 Compensation, Enforcement, and Institutions -- References -- Index

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , Contents List of figures List of tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Meeting points for shared rides 1.3 Research questions 2 Fundamentals 2.1 Mathematical optimization 2.1.1 Linear Programming 2.1.2 Integer Programming 2.1.3 Combinatorial Optimization 2.1.4 Dynamic Programming 2.1.5 Set cover problem 2.2 Vehicle routing problems (VRP) 2.2.1 The basic VRP 2.2.2 Dial-a-ride problem (DARP) 2.3 Ride-Sharing 2.3.1 Mathematical formulation 2.3.2 Methods 2.3.3 Carpooling 3 Meeting points forshared rides: state of the art 3.1 Meeting points 3.1.1 Meeting points as destination 3.1.2 Intermediate meeting points 3.2 Knowledge gap 4 Real-world meeting points 4.1 Survey based on questionnaire 4.1.1 Setting 4.1.2 Results 4.2 Map-based survey 4.2.1 Setting 4.2.2 Results 5 Study area and data 5.1 Street network 5.2 Meeting point candidates 5.3 Public transport network 5.4 Demand 6 Meeting points for intra urban ride-sharing 6.1 Motivation 6.2 Basic matching problem 6.2.1 Mathematical model 6.2.2 Matching problem 6.3 Simulation experiments 6.3.1 Baseline scenario 6.3.2 Door-to-door service 6.3.3 Convenience-based matching 6.3.4 Meeting point reduction 6.4 Discussion 7 Meeting point recommendations for long-distance ride-sharing 7.1 Motivation 7.2 Proposed method 7.2.1 Preparation phase 7.2.2 Precomputing phase 7.2.3 Operational phase 7.3 Simulation experiment 7.3.1 Simulation setting 7.3.2 Results 7.4 Discussion 8 Meeting points for demand-responsive transportation 8.1 Motivation 8.2 Proposed method 8.2.1 Clustering 8.2.2 Meeting Point Candidates Selection 8.2.3 Route Optimization with Final Meeting Points Selection 8.3 Simulation experiment 8.3.1 Simulation setting 8.3.2 Results 8.4 Discussion 9 Conclusion Reference list Curriculum vitae

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , 1 Einleitung 1.1 Hintergrund und Problemstellung 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit 1.2.1 Problemstellung: Erfassung von Trajektorien 1.2.2 Problemstellung: Erkennung von Bewegungsmustern in Trajektorien 1.3 Gliederung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Modellierung von Objektbewegungen 2.2 Erfassung von Trajektorien 2.2.1 GNSS-Tracking 2.2.2 Videobasiertes Tracking 2.2.3 Vergleich des GNSS- und videobasierten Trackings 2.2.4 Weitere Tracking-Verfahren 2.2.5 Probabilistische Modellierung 2.2.6 Viterbi-Algorithmus 2.3 Erkennung von Bewegungsmustern 2.3.1 Data Mining 2.3.2 Filterung und Glättung 2.3.3 Segmentierung 2.3.4 Distanzmaße zur Bestimmung der Ähnlichkeit von Trajektorien 2.3.5 Maschinelles Lernen im Kontext raum-zeitlicher Daten 2.3.6 Sequenzmustererkennung 2.4 Dynamische Programmierung 2.5 Unterschiedliche Varianten der Datenverarbeitung 2.5.1 Zentrale und dezentrale Verarbeitung 2.5.2 Informationsaustausch 3 Stand der Forschung und verwandte Arbeiten 3.1 Erfassung von Trajektorien 3.1.1 Objektdetektion 3.1.2 Objekt-Tracking 3.1.3 Fusion heterogener Detektionen 3.1.4 Kommerzielle Systeme 3.1.5 Diskussion und Fazit 3.2 Mustererkennung in Trajektorien 3.2.1 Erkennung von wiederkehrenden unbekannten Mustern 3.2.2 Diskussion und Fazit 4 Erfassung von Trajektorien - GPS-unterstütztes Kamera-Tracking 4.1 Überblick über den Lösungsansatz 4.2 Sensoren und Eingangsdaten 4.2.1 GPS-Daten 4.2.2 Kameradaten 4.3 Vorverarbeitung 4.4 Fusion der heterogenen Daten 4.4.1 Detektionsbasierte Modellierung 4.4.2 Rasterbasierte Modellierung 4.4.3 Generierung der Trajektorien 4.5 Laufzeit des Algorithmus 4.6 System design 5 Mustererkennung in Trajektorien 5.1 Definition von Bewegungsmustern 5.2 Überblick über das entwickelte Mustererkennungsverfahren 5.3 Trajektorien als Datengrundlage 5.4 Vorverarbeitung 5.4.1 Datenbereinigung 5.4.2 Datenselektion 5.4.3 Datenintegration und Transformation 5.5 Mustererkennung: Clustering-basierter Ansatz 5.5.1 Segmentierung der Trajektorien 5.5.2 Clustering der Trajektorien 5.6 Mustererkennung: Sequenzbasierter Ansatz 5.6.1 Eingangsdaten 5.6.2 Generierung der Sequenzen aus Bewegungen 5.6.3 Bestimmung des Alphabets 5.6.4 Identifikation wiederkehrender Teilsequenzen 5.6.5 Rücktransformation zu Trajektorien 5.7 Laufzeit des Algorithmus 6 Experimente und Evaluation der Erfassung der Trajektorien 6.1 Verwendete Software 6.2 Verwendete Sensoren 6.3 Korrektheit der Zuordnungen 6.3.1 Experiment: 2 Personen 6.3.2 Experiment: Fußballanalyse 6.4 Geometrische Genauigkeit der Trajektorien 6.5 Laufzeit 6.6 Fazit 7 Experimente und Evaluation der Mustererkennung 7.1 Verwendete Software 7.2 Ergebnisverifikation 7.3 Interessantheitsmaß für Bewegungsmuster 7.4 Parameterstudien 7.4.1 Eingabeparameter 7.4.2 Datendichte 7.4.3 Invarianzen 7.5 Experimente auf realen Datensätzen 7.5.1 Beschreibung der Datensätze und Experimente 7.5.2 Experiment 1 - ACM DEBS 2013-Datensatz 7.5.3 Experiment 2 - GPS-Fußball-Datensatz 7.5.4 Experiment 3 - MapConstruction.org 7.5.5 Experiment 4 - Mantelpaviane 8 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8.1 Zusammenfassung 8.2 Ausblick Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Lebenslauf Danksagung

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and motivation 1.2 Goals of this thesis 1.3 Outline 2 Background on digital maps and data mining 2.1 Digital maps 2.1.1 Navigation maps and map dynamics 2.1.2 OpenStreetMap 2.1.3 Navigation Data Standard (NDS) 2.2 Data mining 2.2.1 Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process 2.2.2 Taxonomy of data mining methods 2.2.3 Classification 2.2.4 Clustering 2.2.5 Time series analysis 3 Related work about mobile crowdsensing of on-street parking spaces 3.1 On-street parking 3.1.1 Parking occupancy detection 3.1.2 Parking availability estimation and prediction 3.1.3 Parking search and guidance 3.2 Mobile crowdsensing 3.2.1 Mobile crowdsensing in transportation 3.2.2 Mobile crowdsensing for parking 3.3 Research gaps addressed in this thesis 4 LiDAR-based parking availability data acquisition 4.1 Data recording 4.1.1 Sensor equipment 4.1.2 Measurement campaign 4.2 Methodology 4.2.1 Preprocessing 4.2.2 Segmentation 4.2.3 Classification 4.2.4 Repetition of segmentation and classification 4.2.5 Matching to road network 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Object segmentation 4.3.2 Classification 4.3.3 End-to-end evaluation of complete approach 4.3.4 Parking occupancy statistics over the day 4.4 Concluding remarks 5 Learning parking legality maps from parking observations 5.1 Methodology 5.1.1 Location of parked vehicles as method input 5.1.2 Data preprocessing 5.1.3 Definition of feature sets 5.1.4 Learning the parking legality of road subsegments 5.2 Evaluation 5.2.1 Evaluation approach 5.2.2 Results 5.3 Concluding remarks 6 Spatio-temporal analysis of large scale parking availability data and simulation of crowdsensing 6.1 Description and processing of parking dataset from SFpark 6.2 Time series analysis of parking availability data 6.3 Clustering of parking occupancy daily pattern 6.4 Spatial relations in parking availability 6.5 Modelling of crowdsensing based on downsampling for probe vehicles and mobile apps 6.5.1 Scenario based on probe vehicles 6.5.2 Scenario based on mobile apps 6.6 Modelling of probe-vehicle-based crowdsensing from taxi GPS trajectories 6.6.1 Processing overview and description of taxi trajectory dataset 6.6.2 Taxi GPS trajectory processing 6.6.3 Characteristics and aggregation of taxi coverage 6.6.4 Comparison of parking and taxi daily pattern 6.6.5 Simulation of parking availability observations 6.7 Concluding remarks 7 Parking availability estimation and prediction from crowdsensed data 7.1 Spatial interpolation of parking availability 7.2 Parking availability estimation with persistence method 7.3 Estimation and prediction of parking availability based on binary classification 7.3.1 Binary classification approach 7.3.2 Results of binary classification estimation and prediction 7.4 Concluding remarks 8 Benefits of crowdsensed parking availability information 8.1 Types of information for on-street parking 8.2 Experimental setup 8.2.1 Routing strategies 8.2.2 Data sources 8.3 Evaluation of the impact of different parking information 8.3.1 Results for all decisions in the dataset 8.3.2 Results for relevant decisions 8.3.3 Similarity of capacity 8.4 Concluding remarks 9 Conclusion and outlook 9.1 Research questions addressed and overall conclusion 9.2 Applicability of dynamic map approaches to further dynamic phenomena 9.3 Future research directions List of figures List of tables References Acknowledgements Curriculum vitae

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , Introduction 1.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar from Spaceborne Remote Sensing 1.2 Satellite-Based Monitoring of the Terrestrial Water Cycle 1.3 Remote Sensing of Water Storage in Central Asia 1.4 GFZ Activities in Central Asia and Study Areas in Kyrgyzstan 1.5 Research Objectives 1.6 Outline and Structure of the Thesis 2 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing 2.1 SAR Satellite Data 2.2 SAR Satellite Missions 2.3 Interferometric SAR 2.4 DInSAR Time Series with PSI 2.5 DInSAR Time Series with SBAS 2.6 Feature Tracking 3 State of the Art 3.1 Inter- and Intra-Annual Glacier Surface Velocities from SAR Data 3.2 Inter- and Intra-Annual Glacier Elevation Changes from SAR Data 3.3 Inter- and Intra-Annual Loading-Induced Crustal Deformations at Water Reservoirs from SAR Data 4 Quantification of Inylchek Glacier Surface Kinematics 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Inylchek Glacier 4.4 Data and Methodology 4.4.1 TerraSAR-X Data Set 4.4.2 Feature Tracking 4.4.3 Decomposition to 3D Velocities 4.5 Results 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Error Estimation 4.6.2 Inter-Annual Kinematics of the Upper Southern Inylchek Glacier Branch .... 4.6.3 Lake Level Extent and GLOF 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Acknowledgements 4.9 Author Contribution 5 Quantification of Inylchek Glacier Elevation Changes 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Data 5.3.1 TanDEM X Data 5.3.2 External DEMs 5.3.3 Glacier Outlines of Inylchek 5.4 Methodology 5.4.1 Interferometric Processing of TanDEM-X Data 5.4.2 Alignment of the SRTM and TDX DEMs 5.4.3 Radar Penetration Correction 5.4.4 DEM Elevation Difference Calculation 5.4.5 Accuracy Assessment 5.5 Results and Discussion 5.5.1 Uncertainty of Measurements 5.5.2 DEM Alignment Quality 5.5.3 Inylchek Elevation Changes 5.6 Conclusions 5.7 Acknowledgements 5.8 Author Contribution 6 Quantification of Toktogul Water-Level-Induced Ground Deformations 6.1 Abstract 6.2 Introduction 6.3 Materials and Methods 6.3.1 Lake Altimetry 6.3.2 DInSAR processing of Envisat ASAR and Sentinel-1 Data 6.3.3 Atmospheric Correction 6.3.4 Deformation Decomposition of SentineH Data 6.3.5 Modelling of Elastic Surface Deformations 6.4 Results 6.4.1 Atmospheric Corrections 6.4.2 Ground Deformation 6.5 Discussion 6.5.1 Atmospheric Corrections 6.5.2 Ground Deformation 6.6 Conclusions 6.7 Acknowledgments 6.8 Author Contribution 7 Subsequent Work 7.1 Scope of the Chapter 7.2 GNSS-derived Inylchek Glacier Surface Kinematics 7.2.1 Abstract 7.2.2 Author Contribution 7.3 Monitoring of Lake Merzbacher's GLOF Event 7.3.1 Abstract 7.3.2 Author Contribution 7.4 Ongoing Work at GFZ Based on the Results of this Thesis 8 Summary and Outlook 8.1 Summary of Main Results 8.1.1 Methodological Aspects 8.1.2 Monitoring of Short-Time Changes 8.2 Outlook Bibliography

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , 1. EINLEITUNG 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Zielsetzung 1.3. Wissenschaftlicher Beitrag 1.4. Gliederung der Arbeit 2. STAND DER WISSENSCHAFT 2.1. Klassifikation von Einzelbildern 2.2. Multitemporale Klassifikation 2.2.1. Steigerung der Klassifikationsgenauigkeit 2.2.2. Detektion von Veränderungen 2.3. Klassifikation von Bilddaten mit Zufallsfeldern 2.4. Zufallsfelder in der Fernerkundung 2.5. Diskussion 3. GRUNDLAGEN 3.1. Merkmale 3.1.1. Merkmalsextraktion 3.1.2. Merkmalsselektion 3.2. Graphische Modelle für die Bildanalyse 3.2.1. Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie 3.2.2. Graphische Modelle zur Modellierung von Wahrscheinlichkeiten 3.2.3. Markov Random Fields 3.2.4. Conditional Random Fields 3.2.5. Inferenz 3.3. Bewertungskriterien 4. CRF ZUR KLASSIFIKATION MULTITEMPORALER BILDDATEN UNTERSCHIEDLICHER AUFLÖSUNG 4.1. Multitemporale Klassifikation von Bildern identischer Auflösung 4.2. Multitemporale Klassifikation von Bildern unterschiedlicher Auflösung 4.3. Assoziationspotential 4.4. Räumliches Interaktionspotential 4.5. Zeitliches Interaktionspotential 5. EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN 5.1. Strategie 5.2. Daten und Klassen 5.3. Merkmalsextraktion 5.4. Merkmalsselektion 5.5. Maximale Merkmalsskala für das Assoziationspotential 5.6. Parameter des räumlichen Interaktionspotentials 5.7. Evaluation der Klassifikationsgenauigkeit feiner Strukturen 5.8. Multitemporale Klassifikation von Fernerkundungsdaten mit einheitlicher Auflösung 5.9. Multitemporale Klassifikation von Daten unterschiedlicher Auflösung ohne Veränderungen der Landbedeckung 5.10. Multitemporale Klassifikation von Daten unterschiedlicher Auflösung mit Veränderungen der Landbedeckung 6. SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG UND AUSBLICK 7. LITERATUR

Note: Contents I Plants as Unique Organisms; History and Tools of Plant Anatomy 1 The Nature of Plants 1.1 Plants Have Multiple Pigments with Multiple Functions 1.2 Plants Use Water, and the Properties of Water, in Unique Ways 1.3 Plants Use Anabolic Metabolism to Manufacture Every Molecule Needed for Growth and Produce Virtually No Waste 1.4 Cell Walls Are Nonliving Matrices Outside the Plant Cell Membrane that House and/or Perform a Variety of Functions 1.5 The Plant Life Cycle Alternates Between a Haploid Gametophyte Stage and a Diploid Sporophyte Stage 1.6 Meristematic Activity Continues Throughout the Life of a Plant 1.7 Fruits Disperse Seeds Through Space: Dormancy Disperses Seeds Through Time 1.8 Earth’s History Is Divided into Four Major Time Periods 1.8.1 The Precambrian: 4550 to 542 mya 1.8.2 The Paleozoic Era: 542 to 251 mya 1.8.3 The Mesozoic Era: 251–66 mya 1.8.4 The Cenozoic Era: 66 mya to Present 1.9 Life on Earth Has Experienced Five Mass Extinctions: A Sixth Is in Progress 1.10 Many Plants and Animals Have Coevolved 1.11 The Plant Body Consists of Four Organs 1.11.1 Roots 1.11.2 Stems 1.11.3 Leaves 1.11.4 Flowers and Fruit 1.12 Plant Organs Are Initially Made of Three Tissues 1.13 “Plant” Can Be Broadly Defined 1.14 Bryophytes Lack Vasculature and Produce Spores 1.15 Ferns and Fern Allies Are Seedless Tracheophytes 1.16 Gymnosperms Are Seed-Producing Tracheophytes that Lack Flowers and Fruit 1.17 Monocots and Eudicots Are the Two Largest Groups of Angiosperms 1.18 Understanding Plant Structure Requires a Sense of Scale 1.19 “Primary” and “Secondary” Are Important Concepts in Plant Anatomy 1.19.1 Primary Versus Secondary Growth and Meristems 1.19.2 Primary Versus Secondary Xylem and Phloem 1.19.3 Primary Versus Secondary Cell Walls 1.20 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 2 Microscopy and Imaging 2.1 Robert Hooke, 1635–1703, Described a Cell as the Basic Unit of Life by Studying the Bark of the Cork Oak Tree, Quercus suber 2.2 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1632–1723, Was the First Scientist to Observe Microorganisms 2.3 Nehemiah Grew, 1641–1712, Was the Father of Plant Anatomy 2.4 Robert Brown, 1773–1858, Discovered the Nucleus of the Cell by Studying Orchid Petals 2.5 Katherine Esau, 1898–1997, Advanced the Field of Plant Anatomy with Her Influential Textbooks 2.6 Light Microscopy: The Most Useful Tool of the Plant Anatomist 2.7 The Compound Light Microscope Uses Multiple Lenses to Form and Capture Images 2.8 The Resolving Power of a Lens Places Limits on Resolution and Magnification 2.9 The Confocal Microscope Allows for Sharper Detail, Computer Control, and 3-D Imaging with a Modified Compound Microscope 2.10 Electron Microscopy Allows a View into the World of Cellular Ultrastructure 2.11 The Transmission Electron Microscope Reveals Internal Cellular Detail 2.12 The Scanning Electron Microscope Resolves Surface Detail 2.13 Different Microscopies Produce Different Images of the Same Specimen 2.14 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings II Cellular Plant Anatomy 3 Plant Cell Structure and Ultrastructure 3.1 Plant Cells Are Complex Structures 3.2 Plant Cells Synthesize an External Wall and Contain a Variety of Internal Compartments 3.3 Cells and Cell Organelles Are Typically Bound by Lipid Bilayer Membranes 3.4 Vacuoles Play a Role in Water and Ion Balance 3.5 Plastids Are a Diverse Family of Anabolic Organelles 3.5.1 Proplastid 3.5.2 Etioplast 3.5.3 Elaioplast 3.5.4 Amyloplast 3.5.5 Chromoplast 3.5.6 Gerontoplast 3.5.7 Chloroplast 3.5.8 Chloroplast Functions 3.5.9 The Dimorphic Chloroplasts of C 4 Photosynthesis 3.5.10 Guard Cell Chloroplasts 3.5.11 Sun Versus Shade Chloroplasts 3.6 All Plastids Are Developmentally Related 3.7 Mitochondria Synthesize ATP and Small Carbon Skeletons 3.8 Microbodies Are the Site of Specific Biochemical Pathways 3.9 The Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes Proteins and Some Lipids 3.10 The Golgi Apparatus Processes and Packages Polysaccharides and Proteins for Secretion 3.11 The Nucleus Houses the Cell’s Genetic Material and Participates in Ribosome Synthesis 3.12 The Cytoskeleton Organizes the Cell and Helps Traffic Organelles 3.13 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 4 Mitosis and Meristems 4.1 The Plant Cell Cycle Includes Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis 4.2 A Pre-prophase Microtubule Band Precedes Mitosis and Defines the Plane of Cell Division 4.3 Mitosis May Be Divided into Distinct, but Continuous, Stages 4.4 Cytokinesis Begins with Initiation of the Cell Plate and Grows by the Deposition of Callose 4.5 Microtubules Play a Critical Role in Mitosis and Cytokinesis 4.6 Apical Meristems Are the Sites of Primary Growth 4.7 The Shoot Apical Meristem Is the Site of Lateral Organ Initiation 4.8 Axillary Buds Arise De Novo in the Developing Leaf Axis 4.9 Tunica-Corpus Organization Describes Shoot Apical Meristem Growth in Many Eudicots 4.10 Gymnosperms Do Not Possess a Tunica-Corpus 4.11 The Root Apical Meristem Provides the Primary Growth of Roots 4.12 Lateral Roots Originate from Inside the Pericycle, Not from the Root Apical Meristem 4.13 Intercalary Meristems Contribute to Stem and Leaf Growth in Monocots 4.14 Many Lower Vascular Plants Have a Single Initial Cell in the Shoot and Root Apical Meristems 4.15 Lateral Meristems Are the Site of Secondary Growth in Eudicots 4.16 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 5 Cell Walls 5.1 Transparent Plant Cell Walls Contain Cellulose and Are Synthesized to the Exterior of the Protoplast 5.2 Primary Cell Walls Are a Structural Matrix of Cellulose and Several Other Components 5.3 Plasmodesmata Connect Adjacent Cells Via Holes in the Primary Cell Wall 5.4 Secondary Cell Walls Are Rigid, Thick, and Lignified 5.5 Pits Are Holes in the Secondary Cell Wall 5.6 Transfer Cells Have Elaborated Primary Cell Walls for High Rates of Transport 5.7 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 6 Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma 6.1 Parenchyma Cells Are the Most Common Plant Cell Type 6.2 Parenchyma Cells May Exhibit Totipotency 6.3 Collenchyma Cells Are Used for Support and Are the Least Common Cell Type 6.4 Birefringence Is a Common Phenomenon in Collenchyma Walls 6.5 Sclerenchyma Cells Provide Support, Protection, and Long-Distance Water Transport 6.6 Fibers Impart Support and Protection 6.7 Sclereids Are Reduced Sclerenchyma Cells That Occur Singly or in Clumps 6.8 Xylem Vessel Elements Are Water-Conducting Sclerenchyma 6.9 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings III Vascular Tissues 7 Xylem 7.1 Xylem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function 7.2 The Primary Functions of Xylem Are Water Conduction, Mineral Transport, and Support 7.3 Tracheids Are Imperforate Tracheary Elements and the Sole Water Conductors in Gymnosperms 7.4 Angiosperm Tracheids, Fiber Tracheids, and Libriform Fibers Represent a Continuum of Imperforate Tracheary Element Design and Function 7.5 Vessel Elements Are Perforate Cells and the Main Water Conductors in Angiosperms 7.6 Vessel Element Side Walls Are Patterned for Strength and Water Movement 7.7 Most Vessel Elements End in a Perforation Plate and Are Connected to Another Vessel Element 7.8 Xylem Parenchyma Are Living Cells Involved in Xylem Metabolism and Protection 7.9 Chapter Review References and Additional Readings 8 Phloem 8.1 Phloem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function 8.2 Phloem’s Main Function Is Photosynthate Translocation 8.3 Sieve Tube Elements Are Living Cells Responsible for Translocation 8.4 Companion Cells Support the Sieve Tube Element and Are Involved in Phloem Loading and Unloading in Angiosperms 8.5 Phloem Parenchyma Cells Are Involved in Radial Translocation, Xylem/Phloem Coordination, and Storage 8.6 Phloem Fibers Protect the Delicate Sieve Tubes 8.7 Secondary Phloem Typically Only Functions for One Growing Season 8.8 Gymnosperm Phloem Is Simpler Than An

Note: Contents Part I Natural Mangrove Systems 1 Australian Mangroves: Their Distribution and Protection / I. D. Cresswell and V. Semeniuk 2 The Dynamics of Expanding Mangroves in New Zealand / Erik M. Horstman, Carolyn J. Lundquist, Karin R. Bryan, Richard H. Bulmer, Julia C. Mullarney, and Debra J. Stokes 3 Mangrove Forests of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman / Alireza Salehipour Milani 4 Current Status of Mangrove Wetlands in Sinaloa: A Biological Corridor Along the Eastern Margin of the Gulf of California, México / Marlenne Manzano-Sarabia, Olivia Millán-Aguilar, Francisco Flores-Cárdenas, Lidia Rodríguez-Arredondo, Mayra I. Grano-Maldonado, and Mario Nieves-Soto 5 Geospatial Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Changes in Mangrove Vegetation of Pichavaram Region, Tamil Nadu, India / M. Vani and P. Rama Chandra Prasad Part II Threats, Vulnerability, and Impacts 6 Natural Threats and Impacts to Mangroves Within the Coastal Fringing Forests of India / Ashis Kr. Paul, Amrit Kamila, and Ratnadip Ray 7 An Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation of Coastal Mangroves of West Africa in the Face of Climate Change / Isaac Boateng 8 Historical Losses of Mangrove Systems in South America from Human-Induced and Natural Impacts / Daniel Gorman 9 Australian Mangroves: Anthropogenic Impacts by Industry, Agriculture, Ports, and Urbanisation / V. Semeniuk and I. D. Cresswell 10 Determining the Influence of Urbanization on Mangrove Zones of Northeastern Brazil: Characterization of Ceará State Coastal Zone Organic Matter Inputs / Stéphane Jean Louis Mounier, Rozane Valente Marins, and Luiz Drude de Lacerda 11 Vulnerability of Mangrove Forests and Wetland Ecosystems in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site (Bangladesh) / Shafi Noor Islam, Sandra Reinstädtler, and Albrecht Gnauck Part III Pollution and Contamination by Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals 12 The Impact of Oil and Gas Exploration: Invasive Nypa Palm Species and Urbanization on Mangroves in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria / Aroloye O. Numbere 13 Oil-Related Mangrove Loss East of Bonny River, Nigeria / Erich R. Gundlach 14 Sediment Hydrocarbons in Former Mangrove Areas, Southern Ogoniland, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria / David I. Little, Kay Holtzmann, Erich R. Gundlach, and Yakov Galperin 15 Heavy Metal Distribution and Accumulation from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Tropical Mangroves of India and Bangladesh / Prabhat Ranjan, Karuna Rao, Alok Kumar, and A. L. Ramanathan Part IV Assessment Techniques, Ecosystem Design, and Management Strategies 16 Ecosystem Design: When Mangrove Ecology Meets Human Needs / Martin Zimmer 17 Towards Sustainability and Protection of Threatened Coastal Ecosystems: Management Strategies for a Rare Stone Mangrove in Gorda Beach, Armação dos Búzios, Brazil / Marcelo Obraczka, Kátia Leite Mansur, and Gerson Cardoso da Silva, Jr. 18 Assessment and Management Strategies of Mangrove Forests Alongside the Mangsalut River Basin (Brunei Darussalam, on the Island of Borneo) / Shafi Noor Islam, Nurin Hidayati Hj Abd Rahman, Sandra Reinstädtler, and Mohd Nur Azri Bin Aladin 19 Mangrove Establishment in an Artificially Constructed Estuarine Channel, Sungei Api-Api, Singapore / Suzanna Ramos and Patrick A. Hesp 20 Interaction of Mangroves, Coastal Hydrodynamics, and Morphodynamics Along the Coastal Fringes of the Guianas / Erik A. Toorman, Edward Anthony, Pieter G. E. F. Augustinus, Antoine Gardel, Nicolas Gratiot, Oudho Homenauth, Nicolas Huybrechts, Jaak Monbaliu, Kene Moseley, and Sieuwnath Naipal 21 The Beneficial Effects of Mangrove Forest to Sea Defence Structures / Henk Jan Verhagen 22 Remote Sensing of Mangrove Forests: Current Techniques and Existing Databases / Stuart E. Hamilton, Gustavo A. Castellanos-Galindo, Marco Millones-Mayer, and Mara Chen 23 Urban Mangrove Biology and Ecology: Emergent Patterns and Management Implications / Benjamin Branoff 24 High-Throughput Techniques As Support for Knowledge-Based Spatial Conservation Prioritization in Mangrove Ecosystems / Véronique Helfer and Martin Zimmer Part V Conservation, Rehabilitation, and Governance 25 Mangrove Concessions: An Innovative Strategy for Community Mangrove Conservation in Ecuador / Fausto Vinicio López Rodríguez 26 Conserving Mangroves for Their Blue Carbon: Insights and Prospects for Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southeast Asia / Dixon T. Gevaña, Leni D. Camacho, and Juan M. Pulhin 27 Mangrove Habitats in São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea, Africa): Conservation and Management Status / R. Haroun, A. Herrero Barrencua, and A. D. Abreu 28 The Success of Hydrological Rehabilitation in Mangrove Wetlands Using Box Culverts Across Coastal Roads in Northern Yucatán (SE, México) / Claudia Teutli-Hernández and Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira 29 Mangroves on the Brazilian Amazon Coast: Uses and Rehabilitation / Marcus E. B. Fernandes, Francisco Pereira Oliveira, and Indira A. L. Eyzaguirre 30 Mangrove Restoration and Mitigation After Oil Spills and Development Projects in East Africa and the Middle East / David I. Little 31 Environmental Governance As a Framework for Mangrove Sustainability on the Brazilian Amazon Coast / Indira A. L. Eyzaguirre and Marcus E. B. Fernandes Erratum Index

Note: Contents 1. Background 2. Geomagnetic data used 3. Calculations of monthly bed and rising times during a year 4. Comparisons with sunrise 5. A check with temperature data 6. Conclusions References

Note: Contents 1 Artificial Neural Network 1.1 Network Architectures 1.1.1 Multilayer Feedforward Networks 1.1.2 Recurrent Networks 1.2 Perceptrons 1.2.1 Rosenblatt’s Perceptron 1.2.2 Multilayer Perceptron 1.3 Linear Network and Bayes Classifier 1.4 Radial Basis Function Network 1.4.1 Radial Basis Function 1.4.2 Interpolation 1.4.3 Receptive Field 1.5 Generalized Regression Network 1.6 Self-organizing Network 1.6.1 Kohonen Self-organizing Map Network 1.6.2 Learning Vector Quantization Network 1.7 Hopfield Network 1.7.1 Continuous Hopfield Network 1.7.2 Discrete Hopfield Network Further Reading 2 Multivariate Harmonic Analysis 2.1 Fourier Transform 2.2 Discrete Fourier Transform 2.3 Discrete Cosine/Sine Transform 2.3.1 Four Forms of DCTs 2.3.2 Four Forms of DSTs 2.4 Filtering 2.5 Fractional Fourier Transform 2.5.1 Continuous FRFT 2.5.2 Discrete FRFT 2.5.3 Multivariate FRFT 2.6 Space–Frequency Distribution 2.6.1 Multivariate Windowed Fourier Transform 2.6.2 General Form 2.6.3 Popular Distributions 2.7 Multivariate Interpolation 2.7.1 Multivariate Polynomial Interpolation 2.7.2 Schoenberg Interpolation 2.7.3 Micchelli Interpolation 2.7.4 Interpolation on Spheres 2.8 Sparse Approximation 2.8.1 Approximation Kernels 2.8.2 Sparse Schemes 2.8.3 Greedy Algorithm 2.9 Spherical Harmonics 2.9.1 Spherical Harmonic Functions 2.9.2 Invariant Subspace under Fourier Transform 2.10 Harmonic Analysis on General Domains 2.10.1 Symmetric Kernels 2.10.2 Smooth Extensions and Approximation 2.11 Harmonic Analysis on Graphs 2.11.1 The Laplacian of a Graph 2.11.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 2.11.3 Fourier Expansions Further Reading 3 Multivariate Wavelets 3.1 Multiresolution Analysis 3.1.1 Structure of MRA 3.1.2 Scaling Functions 3.2 Multivariate Orthogonal Wavelets 3.2.1 Separable Wavelets 3.2.2 Non-separable Wavelets 3.2.3 p-Band Wavelets 3.3 Biorthogonal Wavelets 3.3.1 Univariate Biorthogonal Wavelets 3.3.2 Multivariate Biorthogonal Wavelets 3.3.3 p-Band Biorthogonal Wavelets 3.3.4 Semi-orthogonal Wavelets 3.4 Wavelets on Domains 3.4.1 Continuous Extension 3.4.2 Wavelet Expansion 3.5 Discrete Wavelet Transforms 3.5.1 Discrete Orthogonal Wavelet Transforms 3.5.2 Discrete Biorthogonal Wavelet Transforms 3.5.3 Discrete Biorthogonal Periodic Wavelets Transforms 3.5.4 Discrete Harmonic Wavelet Transforms 3.6 Wavelet Packets 3.6.1 Continuous Wavelet Packets 3.6.2 Discrete Wavelet Packets 3.7 Wavelet Variance 3.7.1 Generalized Wavelet Decomposition 3.7.2 Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform 3.7.3 Wavelet Variance 3.8 Significant Tests 3.8.1 Haar Wavelet Analysis 3.8.2 Morlet Wavelet Analysis 3.9 Wavelet Threshold and Shrinkage 3.9.1 Wavelet Threshold 3.9.2 Wavelet Shrinkage 3.9.3 Minimax Estimation 3.9.4 Adaptive Denoising Algorithm 3.10 Shearlets, Bandelets, and Curvelets 3.10.1 Shearlets 3.10.2 Bandelets 3.10.3 Curvelets Further Reading 4 Stochastic Representation and Modeling 4.1 Stochastic Processes 4.1.1 Vector Stochastic Processes 4.1.2 Gaussian, Markov, and Wiener Processes 4.2 Stationarity and Trend Tests 4.2.1 Stationarity Tests 4.2.2 Trend Tests 4.3 Patterns and Classification 4.3.1 Principal Component Analysis 4.3.2 Factor Analysis 4.3.3 Cluster Analysis 4.3.4 Discriminant Analysis 4.3.5 Canonical Correlation Analysis 4.4 Multidimensional Scaling 4.5 Vector ARMA Processes 4.5.1 Vector MA(q) Processes 4.5.2 Vector AR(p) Processes 4.5.3 Vector ARMA(p, q) Processes 4.6 Monte Carlo Methods 4.7 Black–Scholes Models 4.8 Stochastic Optimization Further Reading 5 Multivariate Spectral Analysis 5.1 Power Spectral Density 5.2 Periodogram and Correlogram 5.2.1 Algorithms 5.2.2 Bias Analysis 5.2.3 Variance Analysis 5.3 Blackman–Tukey Method 5.3.1 Blackman–Tukey Estimator 5.3.2 Several Common Windows 5.3.3 Positive Semidefinite Window 5.4 Welch Method 5.5 Multitaper Method 5.6 Maximum Entropy Method 5.7 Rational Spectral Estimation 5.8 Discrete Spectral Estimation 5.9 Vector ARMA Spectrum 5.10 Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis Further Reading 6 Climate Modeling 6.1 Greenhouse Gases 6.2 Impacts and Feedback of Climate Change 6.3 Framework of Climate Models 6.3.1 Basic Physical Laws Used in Climate Models 6.3.2 Discretization and Parameterization 6.3.3 The Hierarchy of Climate Models 6.4 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Further Reading 7 Regional Climate Change 7.1 Middle East and Mediterranean Region 7.1.1 Precipitation 7.1.2 Air Temperature 7.1.3 Climate Modeling 7.1.4 Desert Dust 7.1.5 Water Resources 7.1.6 Soil Temperature 7.2 Asia-Pacific Region 7.2.1 Tibetan Plateau 7.2.2 El Niño–Southern Oscillation 7.2.3 Indian Monsoon 7.2.4 Modeling Sea Surface Temperature 7.3 Arctic Region 7.3.1 Sea Ice 7.3.2 Permafrost Carbon Further Reading 8 Ecosystem and Carbon Cycle 8.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems 8.1.1 Terrestrial Hydrologic Cycle 8.1.2 Photosynthesis 8.1.3 Gross and Net Primary Production 8.1.4 Net Ecosystem Production 8.1.5 Terrestrial Nutrient Cycle 8.2 Ocean Ecosystems 8.2.1 Solubility and Air–Sea Gas Exchange 8.2.2 Oceanic Carbon Sink 8.2.3 Compounds in Seawater 8.2.4 Biogeochemical Cycles Further Reading 9 Paleoclimate Proxies 9.1 Tree-Rings 9.1.1 Field Works 9.1.2 Statistical Analysis 9.2 Ice Cores 9.2.1 Ice and Isotopes 9.2.2 Ice Core Samples 9.3 Speleothems 9.3.1 Oxygen Isotope Ratio 9.3.2 Carbon Isotope Ratio 9.3.3 Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Further Reading 10 Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation 10.1 Assessment Methods and Tools 10.1.1 Data Envelopment Analysis 10.1.2 Risk Assessment 10.1.3 Life Cycle Assessment 10.2 Carbon Emissions Reduction 10.2.1 Industrial Sector 10.2.2 Agriculture Sector 10.2.3 The Building Sector 10.2.4 The Transportation Sector 10.2.5 The Household Sector 10.2.6 Low-Carbon Energy 10.3 Carbon Capture, Transport, Utilization, and Storage 10.3.1 Carbon Capture 10.3.2 Transport of CO2 10.3.3 Geological Storage of CO2 10.3.4 Utilization of CO2 10.4 Geoengineering 10.4.1 Space-Based Geoengineering 10.4.2 Atmosphere-Based Geoenginnering 10.4.3 Land-Based Geoengineering 10.4.4 Ocean-Based Geoengineering 10.4.5 Conclusions Further Reading

Note: Contents 1 Research and Open Questions—A Modern Concept Behind Berlins T.rex Presentation of Tristan Otto / Uwe Moldrzyk and Linda Gallé 2 Scientific Methods of Geological and Paleontological Collections and Trends in Paleontological Investigation and Research / Cathrin Hühne 3 BAMBERG: The Paleontological Collection at the Museum of Natural History in Bamberg (NKMB) / Matthias Mäuser 4 BASEL: The Natural History Museum Basel (NMB) / Walter Etter, Michael Knappertsbusch, and Loïc Costeur 5 BERLIN: The Palaeontological Collections of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin / Christian Neumann, Stephan Schultka, and Florian Witzmann 6 BERN: The Natural History Museum — An Institution of the Burgergemeinde of Bern / Ursula Menkveld-Gfeller 7 BIELEFELD: Not Worth Mentioning? Paleontological Collections of Small Museums: The Example of Bielefeld (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany) / Mark Keiter and Sven Sachs 8 BILZINGSLEBEN: The Bilzingsleben Collection / Clemens Pasda 9 The Paleontological Collection of the State Museum of Natural History (SNHM) in Braunschweig, Germany / Ralf Kosma 10 BREMEN: The Paleontological Research Collection of the Geosciences Collection of the University of Bremen / Jens Lehmann 11 CHEMNITZ: Back to the Roots of Palaeobotany—Chemnitz and its Palaeontological Collection / Ronny Rößler and Thorid Zierold 12 COBURG: Naturkunde-Museum Coburg—Paleontological Collections / Eckhard Mönnig 13 COTTBUS: Museum of Natural History and Environment in Cottbus / Rolf Striegler and Ursula Striegler 14 DARMSTADT: The Paleontological Collections of Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt / Gabriele Gruber, Oliver Sandrock, and Torsten Wappler 15 DESSAU-ROSSLAU: Museum of Natural History and Prehistory—Paleontological Collection / Angelika Hesse 16 DORTMUND: Museum für Naturkunde der Stadt Dortmund / Jan-Michael Ilger and Oliver Adrian 17 DOTTERNHAUSEN: The Jurassic World of the Swabian Alb Region (South Germany): The Fossil Collection of the Werkforum and Fossil Museum of Dotternhausen / Annette Schmid-Röhl 18 EICHSTÄTT: The Jura-Museum Eichstätt / Martina Kölbl-Ebert 19 ERLANGEN: The Erlangen Paleobiology Collections / Wolfgang Kiessling, Michael Heinze, and Cristina Krause 20 ESSEN: Ruhr Museum—Geological Collection / Ulrike Stottrop, Udo Scheer, and Esther Guderley 21 FRANKFURT/DRESDEN/GÖRLITZ: Palaeontological collections of the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung / Dieter Uhl, Lutz Kunzmann, Christine Hertler, Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke, John-Albrecht Keiler, Peter Königshof, Ottmar Kullmer, Stephan Schaal, Krister Smith, Mónica M. Sólorzano Kraemer, Martina Stebich, Olaf Tietz, and Markus Wilmsen 22 FRICK: Late Triassic Basal Sauropodomorph and Theropod Dinosaurs at the Sauriermuseum Frick, Switzerland / Andrea B. Oettl-Rieser and Marion Zahner 23 GOTHA: Museum der Natur, Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha / Oliver Wings and Carsten Eckert 24 GÖTTINGEN: The Palaeontological Collections of the Geoscience Museum at the Georg-August University in Göttingen / Alexander Gehler, Mike Reich, and Joachim Reitner 25 HALLE: The Geiseltal Collection of Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg / Frank D. Steinheimer and Alexander K. Hastings 26 HALLE: The Palaeontological Collection of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg in Halle (Saale) / Norbert Hauschke 27 HAMBURG: Palaeontological Collections of the Center of Natural History, Universität Hamburg / Ulrich Kotthoff and Jochen Schlüter 28 HANNOVER/BERLIN: The Geoscientific Collections of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources and the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology in Hannover and Berlin / Angela Ehling and Carmen Heunisch 29 HANNOVER: Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover—Lower Saxony State Museum Hannover / Annette Richter and Annina Böhme 30 HILDESHEIM: Roemer- and Pelizaeus-Museum / Jürgen Vespermann 31 HOLZMADEN: Prehistoric Museum Hauff—A Fossil Museum Since 4 Generations—(Urweltmuseum Hauff) / Rolf Bernhard Hauff and Ulrich Joger 32 INGELFINGEN: Muschelkalkmuseum Hagdorn Stadt Ingelfingen / Hans Hagdorn 33 JENA: The Palaeontological Collections at the Phyletisches Museum in Jena / Dietrich von Knorre and Rolf G. Beutel 34 MAUER: The Locality of Mauer and its Virtual Collection of Middle Pleistocene Mammal Fossils / H. Dieter Schreiber, Kristina Eck, and Volker Liebig 35 KÖLN: Geological Collections of the University of Cologne (GCC) (Geological and Palaeontological Collections of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne) / Michael R. W. Amler and Hans-Georg Herbig 36 KREFELD: Palaeobotanical and Palynological Collection at the Geological Survey North Rhine-Westphalia / Christoph Hartkopf-Fröder 37 LINZ: The Paleontological Collection of the Upper Austrian State Museum, Linz / Björn Berning 38 LÜBECK: Museum of Nature and Environment, Paleontological Collections / Susanne Füting 39 MAINZ: Paleontological Collections of the University of Mainz (Geoscientific Collections) / Kirsten I. Grimm and Bernd R. Schöne 40 MAINZ: Palaeontological Collections of the Landesamt für Geologie Und Bergbau Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) / Jürgen Gad, Winfried Kuhn, and Peter Schäfer 41 The Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen / Doris Döppes and Wilfried Rosendahl 42 MARBURG: GeoArchive Marburg (Geological and Palaeontological Collections of the Former Faculty of Geosciences, Philipps University of Marburg) / Michael R. W. Amler, Günter Kauffmann, and Dieter Uhl 43 MÜNCHEN: The Fossil Collections of the Bavarian State Collections at Munich / Mike Reich and Gert Wörheide 44 MÜNSTER: Geomuseum of the WWU / Markus Bertling 45 NIERSTEIN: Paläontologisches Museum Nierstein / Lutz Kaecke 46 SCHIFFWEILER (Landsweiler-Reden): Center for Biological Documentation (Zentrum für Biodokumention—ZfBS) / Edgar Müller 47 SCHLEUSINGEN: Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg Schleusingen (Thuringia, Germany)—Home of Permian and Triassic Fossils / Ralf Werneburg 48 SIEGSDORF: The Siegsdorf Natural History and Mammoth Museum / Robert Darga 49 ST. GALLEN: Naturmuseum St. Gallen / Toni Bürgin 50 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS) / Rainer Schoch and Johanna Kovar-Eder 51 THALLICHTENBERG: POLLICHIA Geoscience Collections at the Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP, Thallichtenberg (Germany) / Sebastian Voigt and Jan Fischer 52 TÜBINGEN: The Palaeontologial Collection of Tübingen / Ingmar Werneburg and Madelaine Böhme 53 WIEN: “To the Realm of Nature and its Exploration”: The Paleontological Collections of the Natural History Museum Vienna / Mathias Harzhauser and Andreas Kroh 54 WIESBADEN: Museum Wiesbaden, Natural History Collections / Fritz Geller-Grimm 55 ZURICH: The Geological-Palaeontological Collection at ETH Zurich / Andreas D. Mueller, Rodney Eastwood, and Stefan Ungricht 56 ZURICH: Palaeontological Museum of the University of Zurich / Christian Klug and Beat Scheffold 57 State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe: Institute of Life and Earth Sciences / Eberhard Frey and H. Dieter Schreiber Index

Note: Contents Part I Solution of Nonlinear Systems 1 Solution of Algebraic Polynomial Systems 1.1 Zeros of Polynomial Systems 1.2 Resultant Methods 1.2.1 Sylvester Resultant 1.2.2 Dixon Resultant 1.3 Gröbner Basis 1.3.1 Greatest Common Divisor of Polynomials 1.3.2 Reduced Gröbner Basis 1.3.3 Polynomials with Inexact Coefficients 1.4 Using Dixon-EDF for Symbolic Solution of Polynomial Systems 1.4.1 Explanation of Dixon-EDF 1.4.2 Distance from a Point to a Standard Ellipsoid 1.4.3 Distance from a Point to Any 3D Conic 1.4.4 Pose Estimation 1.4.5 How to Run Dixon-EDF 1.5 Applications 1.5.1 Common Points of Geometrical Objects 1.5.2 Nonlinear Heat Transfer 1.5.3 Helmert Transformation 1.6 Exercises 1.6.1 Solving a System with Different Techniques 1.6.2 Planar Ranging 1.6.3 3D Resection 1.6.4 Pose Estimation References 2 Homotopy Solution of Nonlinear Systems 2.1 The Concept of Homotopy 2.2 Solving Nonlinear Equation via Homotopy 2.3 Tracing Homotopy Path as Initial Value Problem 2.4 Types of Linear Homotopy 2.4.1 General Linear Homotopy 2.4.2 Fixed-Point Homotopy 2.4.3 Newton Homotopy 2.4.4 Affine Homotopy 2.4.5 Mixed Homotopy 2.5 Regularization of the Homotopy Function 2.6 Start System in Case of Algebraic Polynomial Systems 2.7 Homotopy Methods in Mathematica 2.8 Parallel Computation 2.9 General Nonlinear System 2.10 Nonlinear Homotopy 2.10.1 Quadratic Bezier Homotopy Function 2.10.2 Implementation in Mathematica 2.10.3 Comparing Linear and Quadratic Homotopy 2.11 Applications 2.11.1 Nonlinear Heat Conduction 2.11.2 Local Coordinates via GNSS 2.12 Exercises 2.12.1 GNSS Positioning N-Point Problem References 3 Overdetermined and Underdetermined Systems 3.1 Concept of the Over and Underdetermined Systems 3.1.1 Overdetermined Systems 3.1.2 Underdetermined Systems 3.2 Gauss–Jacobi Combinatorial Solution 3.3 Gauss–Jacobi Solution in Case of Nonlinear Systems 3.4 Transforming Overdetermined System into a Determined System 3.5 Extended Newton–Raphson Method 3.6 Solution of Underdetermined Systems 3.6.1 Direct Minimization 3.6.2 Method of Lagrange Multipliers 3.6.3 Method of Penalty Function 3.6.4 Extended Newton–Raphson 3.7 Applications 3.7.1 Geodetic Application—The Minimum Distance Problem 3.7.2 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Application 3.7.3 Geometric Application 3.8 Exercises 3.8.1 Solution of Overdetermined System 3.8.2 Solution of Underdetermined System Part II Optimization of Systems 4 Simulated Annealing 4.1 Metropolis Algorithm 4.2 Realization of the Metropolis Algorithm 4.2.1 Representation of a State 4.2.2 The Free Energy of a State 4.2.3 Perturbation of a State 4.2.4 Accepting a New State 4.2.5 Implementation of the Algorithm 4.3 Algorithm of the Simulated Annealing 4.4 Implementation of the Algorithm 4.5 Application to Computing Minimum of a Real Function 4.6 Generalization of the Algorithm 4.7 Applications 4.7.1 A Packing Problem 4.7.2 The Traveling Salesman Problem 4.8 Exercise 5 Genetic Algorithms 5.1 The Genetic Evolution Concept 5.2 Mutation of the Best Individual 5.3 Solving a Puzzle 5.4 Application to a Real Function 5.5 Employing Sexual Reproduction 5.5.1 Selection of Parents 5.5.2 Sexual Reproduction: Crossover and Mutation 5.6 The Basic Genetic Algorithm (BGA) 5.7 Applications 5.7.1 Nonlinear Parameter Estimation 5.7.2 Packing Spheres with Different Sizes 5.7.3 Finding All the Real Solutions of a Non-algebraic System 5.8 Exercises 5.8.1 Foxhole Problem References 6 Particle Swarm Optimization 6.1 The Concept of Social Behavior of Groups of Animals 6.2 Basic Algorithm 6.3 The Pseudo Code of the Algorithm 6.4 Applications 6.4.1 1D Example 6.4.2 2D Example 6.4.3 Solution of Nonlinear Non-algebraic System 6.5 Exercise Reference 7 Integer Programming 7.1 Integer Problem 7.2 Discrete Value Problems 7.3 Simple Logical Conditions 7.4 Some Typical Problems of Binary Programming 7.4.1 Knapsack Problem 7.4.2 Nonlinear Knapsack Problem 7.4.3 Set-Covering Problem 7.5 Solution Methods 7.5.1 Binary Countdown Method 7.5.2 Branch and Bound Method 7.6 Mixed–Integer Programming 7.7 Applications 7.7.1 Integer Least Squares 7.7.2 Optimal Number of Oil Wells 7.8 Exercises 7.8.1 Study of Mixed Integer Programming 7.8.2 Mixed Integer Least Square References 8 Multiobjective Optimization 8.1 Concept of Multiobjective Problem 8.1.1 Problem Definition 8.1.2 Interpretation of the Solution 8.2 Pareto Optimum 8.2.1 Nonlinear Problems 8.2.2 Pareto-Front and Pareto-Set 8.3 Computation of Pareto Optimum 8.3.1 Pareto Filter 8.3.2 Reducing the Problem to the Case of a Single Objective 8.3.3 Weighted Objective Functions 8.3.4 Ideal Point in the Function Space 8.3.5 Pareto Balanced Optimum 8.3.6 Non-convex Pareto-Front 8.4 Employing Genetic Algorithms 8.5 Application 8.5.1 Nonlinear Gauss-Helmert Model 8.6 Exercise References Part III Approximation of Functions and Data 9 Approximation with Radial Bases Functions 9.1 Basic Idea of RBF Interpolation 9.2 Positive Definite RBF Function 9.3 Compactly Supported Functions 9.4 Some Positive Definite RBF Function 9.4.1 Laguerre-Gauss Function 9.4.2 Generalized Multi-quadratic RBF 9.4.3 Wendland Function 9.4.4 Buchmann-Type RBF 9.5 Generic Derivatives of RBF Functions 9.6 Least Squares Approximation with RBF 9.7 Applications 9.7.1 Image Compression 9.7.2 RBF Collocation Solution of Partial Differential Equation 9.8 Exercise 9.8.1 Nonlinear Heat Transfer References 10 Support Vector Machines (SVM) 10.1 Concept of Machine Learning 10.2 Optimal Hyperplane Classifier 10.2.1 Linear Separability 10.2.2 Computation of the Optimal Parameters 10.2.3 Dual Optimization Problem 10.3 Nonlinear Separability 10.4 Feature Spaces and Kernels 10.5 Application of the Algorithm 10.5.1 Computation Step by Step 10.5.2 Implementation of the Algorithm 10.6 Two Nonlinear Test Problems 10.6.1 Learning a Chess Board 10.6.2 Two Intertwined Spirals 10.7 Concept of SVM Regression 10.7.1 e-Insensitive Loss Function 10.7.2 Concept of the Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR) 10.7.3 The Algorithm of the SVMR 10.8 Employing Different Kernels 10.8.1 Gaussian Kernel 10.8.2 Polynomial Kernel 10.8.3 Wavelet Kernel 10.8.4 Universal Fourier Kernel 10.9 Applications 10.9.1 Image Classification 10.9.2 Maximum Flooding Level 10.10 Exercise 10.10.1 Noise Filtration References 11 Symbolic Regression 11.1 Concept of Symbolic Regression 11.2 Problem of Kepler 11.2.1 Polynomial Regression 11.2.2 Neural Network 11.2.3 Support Vector Machine Regression 11.2.4 RBF Interpolation 11.2.5 Random Models 11.2.6 Symbolic Regression 11.3 Applications 11.3.1 Correcting Gravimetric Geoid Using GPS Ellipsoidal Heights 11.3.2 Geometric Transformation 11.4 Exercise 11.4.1 Bremerton Data References 12 Quantile Regression 12.1 Problems with the Ordinary Least Squares 12.1.1 Correlation Height and Age 12.1.2 Engel’s Problem 12.2 Concept of Quantile 12.2.1 Quantile as a Generalization of Median 12.2.2 Quantile for Probability Distributions 12.3 Linear Quantile Regression 12.3.1 Ordinary Least Square (OLS) 12.3.2 Median Regression (MR) 12.3.3 Quantile Regression (QR) 12.4 Computing Quantile Regression 12.4.1 Quantile Regression via Linear Programming 12.4.2 Boscovich’s Problem 12.4.3 Extension to Linear Combination of Nonlinear Functions 12.4.4 B-Spline Application 12.5 Applications 12.5.1 Separate Outliers in Cloud Points 12.5.2 Modelling Time-Series 12.6 Exercise 12.6.1 Regression of Implicit-Functions References 13 Robust Regression 13.1 Basic Methods in Robust Regression 13.1.1 Concept of Robust Regression 13.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Method 13.1.3 Danish Algorithm 13.1.4 Danish Algorithm with PCA 13.1.5 RANSAC Algorithm 13.2 Application Examples 13.2.1 Fitting a Sphere to Point Cloud Data 13.2.2 Fitting a Cylinder 13.3 Problem 13.3.1 Fitting a Plane to a Slope References 14 Stochastic Modeling 14.1 Basic Stochastic Processes 14.1.1 Concept of Stochastic Processes 14.1.2 Examples for Stochastic Processes 14.1.3 Features of Stochastic Processes 14.2 Time Series 14.2.1 Concept of Time

Note: Contents Part I Setting the Scene The Anthropocene—What Does It Entail for Science? / Gesche Krause The Role of Knowledge Exchange in Earth System Science—The Earth System Knowledge Platform (ESKP) / Gesche Krause, Ute Münch, Jana Kandarr, Oliver Jorzik and Pia Klinghammer The AWI Approach at the Science-Stakeholder Interface / Gesche Krause, Klaus Grosfeld and Wolfgang Hiller Part II Dialogue Approaches of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer Regional Awareness on Sea Level Rise Effects—What Do We Know About the South-Eastern North Sea Coast? / Nina Eschweiler, Tobias Dolch and Christian Buschbaum Climate Change and Biodiversity—Implications for the Local Fisheries Sector / Christina Hörterer, Maximilian Schupp, Andreas Benkens and Bela H. Buck Linking Biodiversity Research Communities / Sonja Knapp, Alexandra Kraberg, Stephan Frickenhaus, Stefan Klotz, Oliver Schweiger and Gesche Krause Engaging Forecast Users During the Year of Polar Prediction / Winfried Hoke, Kirstin Werner, Helge Goessling and Thomas Jung Governance of Resources for Arctic Sustainable Policy and Practice (GRASP)—Stakeholder Mapping / Sebastian Knecht, Andreas Herber and Kathrin Stephen Building Bridges at the Arctic Science-Policy Interface / Volker Rachold Part III Data-Products of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer The Web Portal ‘meereisportal.de’ in Context of ESKP / Klaus Grosfeld, Renate Treffeisen, Jölund Asseng and Georg Heygster Knowledge Transfer by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) / Boris K. Biskaborn and Hugues Lantuit A Web-Based Information System for Macrobenthic Biodiversity in the German North Sea / Jan M. Holstein Tackling Marine Litter—LITTERBASE / Melanie Bergmann, Mine B. Tekman, Andreas Walter and Lars Gutow Part IV Modelling Approaches of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer Arctic Sea Ice Change, Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Extreme Climate and Weather in Europe / Ralf Jaiser and Dörthe Handorf Extending and Visualizing the TsunAWI Simulation Database of the Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) / Antonia Immerz, Sven Harig and Natalja Rakowsky Streamflow Forecasting and Biodiversity / Monica Ionita, Madlene Pfeiffer and Stephan Frickenhaus Part V Pathways to Formalizing Knowledge Transfer Accompanying ESKP Projects—Development of a Process Assessment Strategy Within ESKP@AWI / Gesche Krause and Maximilian Felix Schupp Science and Society—The Time to Interact / Gesche Krause, Klaus Grosfeld and Annette Breckwoldt Erratum to: A Web-Based Information System for Macrobenthic Biodiversity in the German North Sea / Jan M. Holstein

Note: Contents Part I Neural Dynamics in Motor and Sensory Systems and in Cognitive Functions 1 Decomposition of Superimposed Chaotic Spike Sequences by Using the Bifurcating Neuron / Akihiro Yamaguchi, Yutaka Yamaguti, and Masao Kubo 2 Neural Energy Properties and Mental Exploration Based on Neural Energy Field Gradient / Yihong Wang, Xuying Xu, and Rubin Wang 3 Information Coded in the Striatum During Decision-Making / Makoto Ito and Kenji Doya 4 A Comparison of Reward Values Encoding Function Between the Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum in Monkey / Zaizhi Wen, Jianhua Zhang, and Xiaochuan Pan 5 Injection of Muscimol into Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Monkey’s Reward Transitive Inference / Xiaochuan Pan, Rubin Wang, and Masamichi Sakagami 6 Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Low Doses of MK-801 and Ketamine / Marta Lovera-Ulecía, Lucía Moreno-Lama, María Ángeles Gómez-Climent, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart 7 Changes in Brain Activity During Instrumental Behavior After Additional Learning in Rats / Vladimir Gavrilov 8 Coincidence Detection and Absolute Threshold in the Auditory Brainstem / Ray Meddis 9 Simultaneous Observation and Imagery of Hand Movement Enhance Event-Related Desynchronization of Stroke Patients / Atsuhiro Ichidi, Yuka Hanafusa, Tatsunori Itakura, and Toshihisa Tanaka 10 Behavioral and Brain Activity Modulation Through Neurofeedback Training Using Electroencephalography / Takuya Kimura and Jiro Okuda Part II Cognitive Network and Multi-scale Neural Network Dynamics 11 Network Model for Dynamics of Perception with Reservoir Computing and Predictive Coding / Yuichi Katori 12 Analysis of Structure-Function Relationship Using a Whole-Brain Dynamic Model Based on MRI Images of the Common Marmoset / Hiromichi Tsukada, Hiroaki Hamada, Ken Nakae, Shin Ishii, Junichi Hata, Hideyuki Okano, and Kenji Doya 13 A Structure and Function of Hippocampal Memory Networks in Consolidating Spatiotemporal Contexts / Hiromichi Tsukada, Minoru Tsukada, and Yoshikazu Isomura 14 A Pseudo-neuron Device and Firing Dynamics of Their Networks Similar to Neural Synchronizing Phenomena Between Far Local Fields in the Brain /Tomoyuki Yano, Yoshitomo Goto, Tomoyuki Nagaya, Ichiro Tsuda, and Shigetoshi Nara 15 Neurodynamics on Up and Down Transitions of Membrane Potential: From Single Neuron to Network / Xuying Xu, Rubin Wang, and Jianting Cao 16 Effects of Temporal Integration on Computational Performance of Spiking Neural Network / Fangzheng Xue, Yang Zhang, Hongjun Zhou, and Xiumin Li 17 Anticipatory Top-Down Interactive Neural Dynamics / Steven L. Bressler 18 Coherence-Based Coding in Spiking Neural Network with Global Inhibitory Feedback / Jinli Xie, Qinjun Zhao, and Jianyu Zhao 19 Time-Varying Scalp EEG Network Patterns for Music Tempo Perception /Wei Xu, Yin Tian, Haiyong Zhang, Huiling Zhang, Zhongyan Wang, Li Yang, Shuxing Zheng, Yupan Shi, Xing Zhao, Dechun Zhao, Xiuxing Wang, Yu Pang, and Zhangyong Li 20 Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors Modulate Neural Rhythms in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus and Prefronto-Hippocampal Connectivity in Alert Mice / Thomas Gener, Adrià Tauste-Campo, Maria Alemany-González, Cristina Delgado-Sallent, and Maria Victoria Puig Part III Neuroengineering, Neuroinformation and Brain Computer Interaction 21 A New Paradigm Based on Dynamic Visual Stimulation in BCI / Zhaoyang Qiu, Jing Jin, Hanhan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Bei Wang, and Xingyu Wang 22 Asynchronous Stimulation Method for N100-P300 Speller / Natsuki Morita and Yoshikazu Washizawa 23 Attention Evaluation Based on Single Prefrontal EEG / Jianhai Zhang, Gaomin Liu, Shaokai Zhao, and Wenhao Huang 24 Multi-Linc: A New Approach for Exploring Inter-areal Spike Communication / Yoshikazu Isomura 25 Intra-body Communication as an Emerging Approach to Neuromodulation / Javier Reina-Tosina, M. Amparo Callejón, Laura Fernández, and Laura M. Roa 26 Electrophysiology Techniques in Visual Prosthesis / Alejandro Barriga-Rivera and Gregg Jorgen Suaning 27 Application of Video-Oculography for the Analysis of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Acute Hypoxic Mice / Juan Carlos López-Ramos, Ana Belén García Cebrián, and José M. Delgado-García 28 RatButton: A User-Friendly Touchscreen Presentation Software / Celia Andreu-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual, Agnès Gruart, and José María Delgado-García 29 ERFo: An Algorithm for Extracting a Range of Optimal Frequencies for Filtering Electrophysiological Recordings / C. Rocío Caro-Martín, Agnès Gruart, José M. Delgado-García, and Alessandro E. P. Villa 30 VISSOR: An Algorithm for the Detection, Identification, and Classification of the Action Potentials Distributed Across Electrophysiological Recordings / C. Rocío Caro-Martín, José M. Delgado-García, Agnès Gruart, and Raudel Sánchez-Campusano Part IV Modelling Higher-Order Functions and Dysfunctions 31 Influence of β-Amyloid Plaques on the Local Network Activity in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease / Patricia Castano-Prat, Guillermo Aparicio-Torres, Alberto Muñoz, and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives 32 Altered Functional Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome / Miguel Dasilva, Alvaro Navarro-Guzman, Luca Maiolo, Andres Ozaita, and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives 33 Multiple Epileptogenic Foci Can Promote Seizure Discharge Onset and Propagation / Denggui Fan and Qingyun Wang 34 An ERP Study Reveals How Training with Dual N-Back Task Affects Risky Decision Making in a Gambling Task in ADHD Patients / Sarah K. Mesrobian, Alessandra Lintas, Manon Jaquerod, Michel Bader, Lorenz Götte, and Alessandro E. P. Villa 35 Working Memory Development in Attention Deficit Children and Adolescents / Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martínez, Manuel Morales, Catarina I. Barriga-Paulino, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 36 Spectral Power and Maturational Frequency-Coupling Differences Between Attention Deficit and Control Children and Adolescents / Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Brenda Y. Angulo-Ruíz, Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martinez, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 37 Event-Related Potentials During a Delayed Match-to-Sample Test to Evaluate Working Memory Development in Control and Attention Deficit Children and Adolescents / Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez, Francisco J. Ruíz-Martínez, Jaime Gómez-González, and Carlos M. Gómez 38 Postnatal Development of Sleep-Wake Cycle in Wild-Type Mice / Ángeles Prados-Pardo, Sandra Yaneth Prieto-Soler, and Eduardo Domínguez-del-Toro 39 Complexity of Heart Rate As a Value of Behavioral Complexity / Anastasiia Bakhchina 40 Neural Generators of the N2 Component for Abstinent Heroin Addicts in a Dot-Probe Task / Hongqian Li, Qinglin Zhao, Bin Hu, Yu Zhou, and Quanying Liu Part V Oscillation, Synchronization, Neural Plasticity, and Coordination Dynamics from Neural to Social Systems 41 Changes in Phase Synchronization of EEG During Development of Symbolic Communication Systems / Masayuki Fujiwara, Takashi Hashimoto, Guanhong Li, Jiro Okuda, Takeshi Konno, Kazuyuki Samejima, and Junya Morita 42 Effect of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity on Stochastic Spike Synchronization in an Excitatory Neuronal Population / Sang-Yoon Kim and Woochang Lim 43 Alpha Phase Is Regulated by Gamma Power in Mouse Hippocampus / Tao Zhang, Xiaxia Xu, and Zhuo Yang 44 Quantitative Analysis of Functional Connectivity Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum in Monkey / Zaizhi Wen, Jianhua Zhang, Xiaochuan Pan, and Rubin Wang 45 Spontaneous Theta Rhythm Predicts Insomnia Duration: A Resting-State EEG Study / Wenrui Zhao, Dong Gao, Faguo Yue, Yanting Wang, Dandan Mao, Tianqiang Liu, and Xu Lei 46 Differences in Perceiving Narratives Through Screens or Reality / Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual, Celia Andreu-Sánchez, José M. Delgado-García, and Agnès Gruart 47 Self-Organization with Constraints: The Significance of Invariant Manifolds / Ichiro Tsuda 48 On the Nature of Coordination in Nature / Emmanuelle Tognoli,

Note: Contents 1 Introduction to Spatial Ecology and Its Relevance for Conservation 1.1 What Is Spatial Ecology? 1.2 The Importance of Space in Ecology 1.3 The Importance of Space in Conservation 1.4 The Growth of Frameworks for Spatial Modeling 1.5 The Path Ahead References Part I Quantifying Spatial Pattern in Ecological Data 2 Scale 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 2.2.1 Scale Defined and Clarified 2.2.2 Why Is Spatial Scale Important? 2.2.3 Multiscale and Multilevel Quantitative Problems 2.2.4 Spatial Scale and Study Design 2.3 Examples in R 2.3.1 Packages in R 2.3.2 The Data 2.3.3 A Simple Simulated Example 2.3.4 Multiscale Species Response to Land Cover 2.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 2.4.1 Identifying Characteristic Scales Beyond Species–Environment Relationships 2.4.2 Sampling and Scale 2.5 Conclusions References 3 Land-Cover Pattern and Change 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Key Concepts 3.2.1 Land Use Versus Land Cover 3.2.2 Conceptual Models for Land Cover and Habitat Change 3.2.3 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation 3.2.4 Quantifying Land-Cover Pattern 3.3 Examples in R 3.3.1 Packages in R 3.3.2 The Data 3.3.3 Quantifying Land-Cover Variation at Different Scales 3.3.4 Simulating Land Cover: Neutral Landscapes 3.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 3.4.1 Testing for Pattern Differences Between Landscapes 3.4.2 Land-Cover Quantification via Image Processing 3.4.3 Categorical Versus Continuous Metrics 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Spatial Dispersion and Point Data 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 4.2.1 Characteristics of Point Patterns 4.2.2 Summary Statistics for Point Patterns 4.2.3 Common Statistical Models for Point Patterns 4.3 Examples in R 4.3.1 Packages in R 4.3.2 The Data 4.3.3 Creating Point Pattern Data and Visualizing It 4.3.4 Univariate Point Patterns 4.3.5 Marked Point Patterns 4.3.6 Inhomogeneous Point Processes and Point Process Models 4.3.7 Alternative Null Models 4.3.8 Simulating Point Processes 4.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 4.4.1 Space-Time Analysis 4.4.2 Replicated Point Patterns 4.5 Conclusions References 5 Spatial Dependence and Autocorrelation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 5.2.1 The Causes of Spatial Dependence 5.2.2 Why Spatial Dependence Matters 5.2.3 Quantifying Spatial Dependence 5.3 Examples in R 5.3.1 Packages in R 5.3.2 The Data 5.3.3 Correlograms 5.3.4 Variograms 5.3.5 Kriging 5.3.6 Simulating Spatially Autocorrelated Data 5.3.7 Multiscale Analysis 5.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 5.4.1 Local Spatial Dependence 5.4.2 Multivariate Spatial Dependence 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Accounting for Spatial Dependence in Ecological Data 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 6.2.1 The Problem of Spatial Dependence in Ecology and Conservation 6.2.2 The Generalized Linear Model and Its Extensions 6.2.3 General Types of Spatial Models 6.2.4 Common Models that Account for Spatial Dependence 6.2.5 Inference Versus Prediction 6.3 Examples in R 6.3.1 Packages in R 6.3.2 The Data 6.3.3 Models that Ignore Spatial Dependence 6.3.4 Models that Account for Spatial Dependence 6.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 6.4.1 General Bayesian Models for Spatial Dependence 6.4.2 Detection Errors and Spatial Dependence 6.5 Conclusions References Part II Ecological Responses to Spatial Pattern and Conservation 7 Species Distributions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 7.2.1 The Niche Concept 7.2.2 Predicting Distributions or Niches? 7.2.3 Mechanistic Versus Correlative Distribution Models 7.2.4 Data for Correlative Distribution Models 7.2.5 Common Types of Distribution Modeling Techniques 7.2.6 Combining Models: Ensembles 7.2.7 Model Evaluation 7.3 Examples in R 7.3.1 Packages in R 7.3.2 The Data 7.3.3 Prepping the Data for Modeling 7.3.4 Contrasting Models 7.3.5 Interpreting Environmental Relationships 7.3.6 Model Evaluation 7.3.7 Combining Models: Ensembles 7.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 7.4.1 Incorporating Dispersal 7.4.2 Integrating Multiple Data Sources 7.4.3 Dynamic Models 7.4.4 Multi-species Models 7.4.5 Sampling Error and Distribution Models 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Space Use and Resource Selection 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 8.2.1 Distinguishing Among the Diversity of Habitat-Related Concepts and Terms 8.2.2 Habitat Selection Theory 8.2.3 General Types of Habitat Use and Selection Data 8.2.4 Home Range and Space Use Approaches 8.2.5 Resource Selection Functions at Different Scales 8.3 Examples in R 8.3.1 Packages in R 8.3.2 The Data 8.3.3 Prepping the Data for Modeling 8.3.4 Home Range Analysis 8.3.5 Resource Selection Functions 8.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 8.4.1 Mechanistic Models and the Identification of Hidden States 8.4.2 Biotic Interactions 8.4.3 Sampling Error and Resource Selection Models 8.5 Conclusions References 9 Connectivity 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 9.2.1 The Multiple Meanings of Connectivity 9.2.2 The Connectivity Concept 9.2.3 Factors Limiting Connectivity 9.2.4 Three Common Perspectives on Quantifying Connectivity 9.3 Examples in R 9.3.1 Packages in R 9.3.2 The Data 9.3.3 Functional Connectivity Among Protected Areas for Florida Panthers 9.3.4 Patch-Based Networks and Graph Theory 9.3.5 Combining Connectivity Mapping with Graph Theory 9.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 9.4.1 Connectivity in Space and Time 9.4.2 Individual-Based Models 9.4.3 Diffusion Models 9.4.4 Spatial Capture–Recapture 9.5 Conclusions References 10 Population Dynamics in Space 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 10.2.1 Foundational Population Concepts 10.2.2 Spatial Population Concepts 10.2.3 Population Viability Analysis 10.2.4 Common Types of Spatial Population Models 10.3 Examples in R 10.3.1 Packages in R 10.3.2 The Data 10.3.3 Spatial Correlation and Synchrony 10.3.4 Metapopulation Metrics 10.3.5 Estimating Colonization–Extinction Dynamics 10.3.6 Projecting Dynamics 10.3.7 Metapopulation Viability and Environmental Change 10.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 10.4.1 Spatial Population Matrix Models 10.4.2 Diffusion and Spatial Dynamics 10.4.3 Agent-Based Models 10.4.4 Integrated Population Models 10.5 Conclusions References 11 Spatially Structured Communities 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Key Concepts and Approaches 11.2.1 Spatial Community Concepts 11.2.2 Common Approaches to Understanding Community–Environment Relationships 11.2.3 Spatial Models for Communities 11.3 Examples in R 11.3.1 Packages in R 11.3.2 The Data 11.3.3 Modeling Communities and Extrapolating in Space 11.3.4 Spatial Dependence in Communities 11.3.5 Community Models with Explicit Accounting for Space 11.4 Next Steps and Advanced Issues 11.4.1 Decomposition of Space–Environment Effects 11.4.2 Accounting for Dependence Among Species 11.4.3 Spatial Networks 11.5 Conclusions References 12 What Have We Learned? Looking Back and Pressing Forward 12.1 The Impact of Spatial Ecology and Conservation 12.2 Looking Forward: Frontiers for Spatial Ecology and Conservation 12.3 Where to Go from Here for Advanced Spatial Modeling? 12.4 Beyond R 12.5 Conclusions References Appendix A: An Introduction to R Index

Note: Contents Part I Rainfall Analysis Rainfall Probability Distribution Analysis in Selected Lateral Command Area of Upper Krishna Project (Karnataka), India / N. K. Rajeshkumar, P. Balakrishnan, G. V. Srinivas Reddy, B. S. Polise Gowdar and U. Satishkumar Analyzing Rainfall and Reservoir Release Pattern for Ajwa Reservoir: A Case Study / Pushkar Sharma and Sanskriti Mujumdar Preliminary Investigations on Localized Rainfall Interception Losses Under Real Field Observations / M. L. Gaur and Saket Kumar Probabilistic Estimation of Design Daily Runoff from Bamhani Watershed, India / Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram and Vijay P. Singh Part II Evapotranspiration Development of Generalized Higher-Order Neural Network-Based Models for Estimating Pan Evaporation / Sirisha Adamala, N. S. Raghuwanshi and Ashok Mishra Sensitivity Analysis of FAO-56 Penman–Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates Using Monte Carlo Simulations / Gicy M. Kovoor and Lakshman Nandagiri Quantification of Error in Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Class A Pan Evaporimeter and Its Correction / S. Praharaj, P. K. Mohanty and B. C. Sahoo Part III Urban Runoff Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Impervious Surface Area on Hydrological Regime of Urban Watersheds / Tauseef A. Ansari and Y. B. Katpatal An Assessment of Hydrological Impacts Due to Changes in the Urban Sprawl in Bhopal City and its Peripheral Urban-Rural Fringe / L. Patel, S. Goyal and T. Thomas Simulation of Urban Drainage System Using Disaggregated Rainfall Data / Vinay Ashok Rangari, K. Veerendra Gopi, N. V. Umamahesh and Ajey Kumar Patel Investigation of Drainage for Structures, Lithology and Priority (Flood and Landslide) Assessment Using Geospatial Technology, J&K, NW Himalaya / Umair Ali and Syed Ahmad Ali Hydrologic Design Parameters Database for Water Harvesting Structures in Madhya Pradesh / Ramadhar Singh, Karan Singh and D. M. Bhandarkar Application of Storm Water Management Model to an Urban Catchment / V. Swathi, K. Srinivasa Raju and Ajit Pratap Singh Part IV Soil Erosion and Sediment A Study of Erosional Depositional Activity and Land Use Mapping of Majuli River Island Using Landsat Data / Dipsikha Devi, Nilutpal Phukan and Bibhash Sarma Study of Soil Erosion and Deposition Around an Island in a Natural Stream / Snigdhadip Ghosh, Saptarshi Das and Vijay Kumar Dwivedi Impact Assessment of Alternate Land Cover and Management Practices on Soil Erosion: A Case Study / T. R. Nayak, R. K. Jaiswal, R. V. Galkate and T. Thomas Geostatistical Analysis of River Sedimentation Behavior in Kerala State / Mathew K. Jose, T. Chandramohan, B. K. Purandara and B. Venkatesh Study of Mineralogical Composition of Sediment in Brahmaputra River in Urban Stretch of Guwahati City, Assam, India / Mamata Das and Triptimoni Borah Part V Remote Sensing and GIS Applications Hypsometric Analysis for Assessing Erosion Status of Watershed Using Geographical Information System / S. K. Sharma, S. Gajbhiye, S. Tignath and R. J. Patil Assessment of Different Bathymetry Statistical Models Using Landsat-8 Multispectral Images / Omar Makboul, Abdelazim Negm, Saleh Mesbah and Mohamed Mohasseb Estimation of Minimum and Maximum Air Temperature Using MODIS Remote Sensing Imagery and Geographical Information System (GIS) / P. Sardhara Bharatkumar, P. Dholariya Jay, M. K. Tiwari and M. L. Gaur A RS and GIS Approaches for the Estimation of Runoff and Soil Erosion in SA-13 Watershed / H. N. Bhange and V. V. Deshmukh Rainwater Harvesting Structure Site Suitability Using Remote Sensing and GIS / B. K. Gavit, R. C. Purohit, P. K. Singh, Mahesh Kothari and H. K. Jain Land Surface Temperature Estimation Using Remote Sensing Data / Vijay Solanky, Sangeeta Singh and S. K. Katiyar Watershed Prioritization of Wardha River Basin, Maharashtra, India Using Morphometric Parameters: A Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approach / B. S. Manjare, S. Khan, S. A. Jawadand and M. A. Padhye Flood Assessment of Lolab Valley from Watershed Characterization Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques / Mannan Bashir Wani, Syed Ahmad Ali and Umair Ali Delineation of Paleochannels in Periyar River Basin of Kerala Using Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Methods / C. P. Priju, Jiby Francis, P. R. Arun and N. B. Narasimha Prasad Application of EO-1 Hyperion Data for Mapping and Discrimination of Agricultural Crops / H. Ramesh and P. P. Soorya Geomatica-Based Approach for Automatic Extraction of Lineaments from ASTER-GDEM Data, in Part of Al-Rawdah, Shabwah, Southeast Yemen / Mohammed Sultan Alshayef and Akram Javed Part VI Watershed Runoff and Floods Morpho-Mathematical Analysis of Bharar River Basin District Chhatarpur-Central India / Pradeep Kumar Jain Application of Principal Component Analysis for Grouping of Morphometric Parameters and Prioritization of Watershed / Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram and S. K. Sharma Velocity Distribution in Vortex Chamber at High Water Abstraction Ratio / Mohammad Athar and Shivani Srotriya Performance Appraisal of Friction Factor Estimators / Abhishek Mishra, Aditya Deshpande and Bimlesh Kumar Experimental Investigations of Wave Height Attenuation by Submerged Artificial Vegetation / Beena Mary John, I. Mohit Babu, Kiran G. Shirlal and Subba Rao Developing Rating Curves for Nubia Lake, Sudan, Using RS/GIS / Mohamed Elsahabi, Abdelazim Negm and Kamal Ali A Spreadsheet Approach for Prediction of Rating Curve Parameters / Mohammad Muzzammil, Javed Alam and Mohammad Zakwan Experimental Study on Role of Emergent Artificial Coastal Vegetation in Controlling Wave Run Up / Beena Mary John, R. T. Arun Vignesh, Kiran G. Shirlal and Subba Rao Development of Regional Soil Water Retention (SWR) Characteristics / R. K. Jaiswal, T. Thomas, R. V. Galkate, S. Singh and J. V. Tyagi Revision of Empirical Coefficients of Commonly Used Flood Formulae Using Flow Data from Karnataka Rivers / T. Chandramohan, Mathew K. Jose, B. K. Purandara and B. Venkatesh Reservoir Inflow Forecasting Using Extreme Learning Machines / Mukesh Kumar Tiwari and Sanjeet Kumar Quantifying Discontinuity, Connectivity, Variability, and Hierarchy in Overland Flow Generation: Comparison of Different Modeling Methods / Xuefeng Chu Nondimensional UH-Based Smoothing of S-Curve-Derived UH Oscillations / P. R. Patil, S. K. Mishra, Nayan Sharma and Vijay P. Singh Fuzzy-Based Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Flow Alteration / Kairong Lin, Fan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Xinjun Tu and Yang Hu Part VII Watershed Modeling Spatial Characters of a Tropical River Basin, South-West Coast of India / Girish Gopinath, N. Ramisha, Ajith G. Nair and N. P. Jesiya Streamflow Estimation Using SWAT Model Over Seonath River Basin, Chhattisgarh, India / Sabyasachi Swain, Mani Kant Verma and M. K. Verma Revisiting the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Method / S. K. Mishra, Vijay P. Singh and P. K. Singh Hydrological Impacts of Rejuvenating Degraded Hilly Watershed in Shivalik Region / A. K. Tiwari and V. K. Bhatt Modeling of a River Basin Using SWAT Model / B. Venkatesh, T. Chandramohan, B. K. Purandara, Mathew K. Jose and P. C. Nayak Performance of the Xinanjiang Model / A. Ahirwar, M. K. Jain and M. Perumal

Note: Contents 1 General Chemical Concepts Introduction Periodic Table and Element Groups Chemical Bonding Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, and Kinetics Equilibrium, Steady-State, and Residence Time General Concepts of Organic Chemistry Aqueous Solubility and Polarity Diffusion and Osmotic Potential Freezing Exclusion and Concentration of Solutes Defining Dissolved and Particulate Phases SI Units and Concentrations Ionic Charge Balance Stable Isotope Chemistry 2 Soil Biogeochemistry Introduction Soil Formation and Pedogenesis Soil Classification Soil Texture and Coarse Fragments Soil Moisture Mineralogy Physical-Chemical Features of Clays and Other Soil Colloids Clay Colloids Humic Colloids Chemical Processes in Soils Ion Exchange and Adsorption in Soils Soil Ion Exchange Chemistry and Base Saturation Acidification Complexation Leaching Dissolution and Precipitation Reactions Comparative Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties Soil Exchange Chemistry Soil Distributions of Aluminum Vertical Distributions of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Soils Forms of Organic Nitrogen in Soils Patterns of Soil Solution Chemistry Integrated Processes of Nutrient Supply and Storage in Soils 3 Microbial Biogeochemistry Introduction Redox Conditions Microbial Nitrogen Transformations Nitrogen Fixation Mineralization or Ammonification Nitrogen Immobilization Nitrification Denitrification Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction Microbial Sulfur Transformations Mineralization of Organic Sulfur Anaerobic Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction Microbial Carbon Transformations Fermentation Methane Production Organic Acid Synthesis by Microbes Microbial Processes that Contribute to Bioremediation or Metal Transformations 4 Plant Biogeochemistry Introduction General Plant Chemistry Plant Functional Morphology and Growth Allocation Aboveground Structure and Function Belowground Structure and Function of the Root System Growth Allocation and Root:Shoot Relationships Carbon Fixation, Metabolism, and Plant Production Photosynthesis and Nutrients Photosynthesis and Water Respiration and Metabolism Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in a Forest Ecosystem Energy Budgets and Primary Production Whole-Plant Carbon Cycling and Allocation Metabolic Allocation to Plant Defense Plant Nutrient Cycling Plant Nutrient Absorption Implications of Nutrient Uptake for Acid-Base Chemistry Plant Transport or Translocation of Nutrients Plant Nutrient Resorption Detrital Cycling of Plant Nutrients Plant Canopy Processes Affecting Element Cycling NUE as an Index of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Nutrient Limitation Effects of Chemical Stress on Plants Effects of Acidic Deposition on Plant Membrane-Bound Calcium Aluminum Antagonism and Toxicity Stress Plant Responses to Ozone Stress 5 Cycling of Organic Matter Introduction Ecosystem Perspective Storage of Organic Matter in Forest Soils, Biomass, and Woody Debris Soil Organic Matter and Soil Carbon Storage Forest Floor Storage Turnover Rates and Age of Soil Organic Matter Reservoirs Influence of Land Management and Disturbance on SOM Aboveground and Belowground Biomass Coarse Woody Debris Transfers of Organic Matter in Detritus and Solution Aboveground Litterfall Belowground Detrital Inputs From Root Mortality and Turnover Solution Transfers of DOM Decomposition of Organic Matter General Processes of Decomposition Wood Decay Processes Decomposition Rates and Decay Constants Element Cycling Patterns in Decaying Organic Matter Substrate Controls on Decomposition Environmental Controls on Decomposition Biological Influences on Decomposition Transfers of CO2 in the Organic Matter Budget of a Forest Ecosystem 6 Atmospheric Deposition Introduction Atmospheric Chemistry Deposition Processes and Patterns Atmospheric Emissions and Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen Measurement and Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition Wet Deposition Dry Deposition Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Environmental Patterns of Precipitation Chemistry and Atmospheric Deposition Daily Patterns Monthly Patterns Multi-year Trends in Precipitation Chemistry Long-Term Historical Trends in Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury Spatial Patterns: Deposition in North America Spatial Patterns: Influence of Vegetation and Canopy Structure on Atmospheric Deposition Spatial Patterns: Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition at Different Forest Sites Modeling Atmospheric Deposition Patterns A Case Study of Deposition Inputs to a Forest Ecosystem 7 Mineral Weathering Introduction Ecosystem Context Mineral Weathering Processes Heterogeneous Mineral Weathering at Different Scales Controls on Mineral Weathering Rates Mineralogical Controls Influence of Acidity and Complexing Ligands on Weathering Rates Experimental Effects of Acidity on Weathering Rates Physical Influences on Weathering Rates Biotic Influences on Mineral Weathering Rates Influence of Mineral Dissolution on the Solution Chemistry of Natural Waters Genesis and Weathering of Clays Methods of Estimating Weathering Contributions to Ecosystem Element Budgets Mass Balance Estimation Element Tracers as Indicators of Weathering Rates Weathering Estimation with Mineral Depletion Techniques Comparison of Weathering Estimates Comparison of Weathering in Different Ecosystems 8 Watershed Hydrology Ecosystem and Landscape Perspectives Influence of Geology and Soils on Storage and Movement of Water Soil Hydrologic Properties Water Movement and Streamflow Generation in a Watershed Inferring Stream Hydrology from Stream Chemistry in Small Watersheds Water Balance of a Watershed Ecosystem Measurement Techniques for Ecosystem Water Budgets Components of a Water Budget: Precipitation Inputs Components of a Water Budget: Evapotranspiration (ET) Components of a Water Budget: Hydrologic Storage Components of a Water Budget: Stream Runoff Integrated Analysis of a Water Budget 9 Aqueous Chemistry Introduction An Example of Soil Solution Chemistry: Analysis and Interpretation General Concepts of Aqueous Chemistry Sample Collection and Analysis Selection of Analytical Parameters Alkalinity or Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) Acidity and pH Conductivity Ionic Strength and Ion Activity Influence of Temperature on Solution Equilibria Hydrolysis and Chemical Speciation as a Function of pH Rate-Limited Versus Equilibrium Conditions Differential Anion Mobility Effects of Ecosystem Processes on Solution Chemistry Case Studies: Analysis and Interpretation of Aqueous Chemistry in Natural Waters Controls on the Chemistry of Forest Floor Leachates Comparison of Stream Chemistry Along a Hydrologic Flow Gradient Changes in Solution Chemistry and ANC Generation Along a Watershed Drainage Gradient Effects of Land Use on Watershed Exports of Nutrients in Stream Runoff 10 Integrated Element Cycling Introduction General Concepts of Element Cycling Terminology Comparison of Element Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems Nitrogen Cycle Calcium Cycle Aluminum Cycle Nutrient Cycling in Relation to Ecosystem Succession Chemical Input-Output Budgets for Watershed Ecosystems Element Cycling at the Landscape Scale: Exports of N and P from Large Watersheds Element Cycling at the Global Scale Global Nitrogen Cycle Global Carbon Cycle 11 Biogeochemical Models Introduction Considerations in the Development of a Biogeochemical Model Steps in Building a Biogeochemical Model An Introductory Model of Watershed Nitrogen Cycling Applications of Biogeochemical Models TREGRO: A Model to Simulate Plant Responses to Interacting Stresses TEM: A Global Model of Net Primary Productivity The CENTURY Soil Organic Matter Model PnET-BGC: An Integrated Biogeochemical Model Watershed Acidification Models Nutrient Cycling Models Models in Watershed Hydrology 12 Ecosystem Disturbance and Stress Introduction Disturbance and Recovery in the Context of Ecological Succession Effects of Forest Harvesting on Watershed Ecosystems Twenty Years of Recovery Following H

Note: Contents Part 1. Introduction -- 1. Recent Trends in Ocean Observations -- Part 2. Surface Observations -- 2. Observing Surface Meteorology and Air-Sea Fluxes -- 3. Drifter Technology and Impacts for Sea Surface Temperature, Sea-Level Pressure and Ocean Circulation Studies -- 4. Origin, Tranformation and Measurement of Waves in Ocean -- Part 3. Subsurface Observations -- 5. Oceanographic Floats- Principles of Operation -- 6. . Measuring Ocean Turbulence -- 7. New Science and Novel Approaches Enabled by Autonomous Gliders -- 8. Advances in In-Situ Ocean Measurements -- Part 4. Remote Sensing -- 9. Ocean Remote Sensing: Concept to Realization for Physical Oceanographic Studies -- 10. Near Real-time Underwater Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Sounds -- 11. Data Return Aspects of CODAR and WERA High Frequency Radars in Mapping Currents -- Part 5. Data (Data Management) -- 12. Sensor Performance and Data Quality Control -- 13. Near Real Time Data Recovery from Oceanographic Moorings -- 14. Managing Metocean In Situ Data in the WMO Framework -- Part 6. Societal Applilications -- 15. Applications of Ocean In-Situ Observations and its Societal Relevance --Index

Note: Contents 1 Analysis in Seismic Provisions for Buildings: Past, Present and Future / Peter Fajfar 2 Implications of Site Specific Response Analysis / Atilla Ansal, Gökçe Tönük, and Aslı Kurtuluş 3 A Redefinition of Seismic Input for Design and Assessment / G. Michele Calvi, Daniela Rodrigues, and Vitor Silva 4 From Force- to Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Structures and Beyond / Michael N. Fardis 5 Seismic Assessment of Existing Irregular Masonry Buildings by Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analyses / Sergio Lagomarsino, Daniela Camilletti, Serena Cattari, and Salvatore Marino 6 Capturing Geographically-Varying Uncertainty in Earthquake Ground Motion Models or What We Think We Know May Change / John Douglas 7 Implementation of Near-Fault Forward Directivity Effects in Seismic Design Codes / Sinan Akkar and Saed Moghimi 8 3D Physics-Based Numerical Simulations: Advantages and Current Limitations of a New Frontier to Earthquake Ground Motion Prediction. The Istanbul Case Study / Roberto Paolucci, Maria Infantino, Ilario Mazzieri, Ali Güney Özcebe, Chiara Smerzini, and Marco Stupazzini 9 Issues with the Use of Spatially Variable Seismic Ground Motions in Engineering Applications / Aspasia Zerva, Mohammad Reza Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, and Masoud Khazaei Poul 10 Bridging the Gap Between Seismology and Engineering: Towards Real-Time Damage Assessment / Stefano Parolai, Michael Haas, Massimiliano Pittore, and Kevin Fleming 11 Earthquake Geotechnics in Offshore Engineering / Amir M. Kaynia 12 The Dynamics of Rocking Isolation / Nicos Makris 13 Multistory Building Frames and Shear Walls Founded on “Rocking” Spread Footings / G. Gazetas, D. Dais, F. Gelagoti, and R. Kourkoulis 14 Seismic Design of Foundations in Difficult Soil Conditions: Examples of Solutions / Alain Pecker 15 Structural Health Monitoring for Seismic Protection of Structure and Infrastructure Systems / Oreste S. Bursi, Daniele Zonta, Emiliano Debiasi, and Davide Trapani 16 Large Scale Testing Facilities – Use of High Gravity Centrifuge Tests to Investigate Soil Liquefaction Phenomena / Gopal S. P. Madabhushi 17 Seismic Analysis and Design of Composite Steel/Concrete Building Structures Involving Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns / Konstantinos A. Skalomenos, George D. Hatzigeorgiou, and Dimitri E. Beskos 18 Seismic Design of Steel Structures: New Trends of Research and Updates of Eurocode 8 / Raffaele Landolfo 19 Unreinforced Masonry Walls Subjected to In-Plane Shear: From Tests to Codes and Vice Versa / Elizabeth Vintzileou 20 Seismic Design of Bridges: Present and Future / Andreas J. Kappos 21 Technologies for Seismic Retrofitting and Strengthening of Earthen and Masonry Structures: Assessment and Application / Paulo B. Lourenço 22 Seismic Performance of a Full-Scale FRP Retrofitted Sub-standard RC Building / Alper Ilki, Erkan Tore, Cem Demir, and Mustafa Comert 23 Advances in the Assessment of Buildings Subjected to Earthquakes and Tsunami / Tiziana Rossetto, Crescenzo Petrone, Ian Eames, Camilo De La Barra, Andrew Foster, and Joshua Macabuag 24 Seismic Vulnerability of Classical Monuments / Ioannis N. Psycharis 25 What Seismic Risk Do We Design for When We Design Buildings? / Iunio Iervolino 26 The 2016–2017 Central Apennines Seismic Sequence: Analogies and Differences with Recent Italian Earthquakes / Mauro Dolce and Daniela Di Bucci 27 Eurocode 8. Evolution or Revolution? / Philippe Bisch 28 Research Needs Towards a Resilient Community / Paolo Franchin

Note: Contents Part I Challenges 1 Factor X – 25 Years – “Factor X Concept” Is Essential for Achieving Sustainable Development / Harry Lehmann, Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek, and Christopher Manstein 2 Necessities for a Resource Efficient Europe / Leida Rijnhout, Magda Stoczkiewicz, and Meadhbh Bolger 3 Global Megatrends and Resource Use – A Systemic Reflection / Ullrich Lorenz, Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, and Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir 4 Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies / Stephan Lutter, Stefan Giljum, and Martin Bruckner 5 The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing / Jan Kosmol, Felix Müller, and Hermann Keßler 6 Equitable, Just Access to Natural Resources: Environmental Narratives during Worsening Climate Crises / Patrick Bond Part II Implementation Strategies 7 Circular Economy: Origins and Future Orientations / Riina Antikainen, David Lazarevic, and Jyri Seppälä 8 Financial System, and Energy and Resource Husbandry / R. Andreas Kraemer 9 Developing Resource Competence – Anchoring Resource Conservation and Efficiency in the German Education System / Carolin Baedeker, Holger Rohn, Michael Scharp, and Jaya Bowry 10 The Way from Problem Scope Towards the Vision of a Low Resource Society – The First Working Period of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) / Sascha Hermann and Christa Liedtke 11 Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe – Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries / Paweł Kaźmierczyk 12 The Resource Nexus and Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story / Raimund Bleischwitz and Michal Miedzinski 13 Germany’s Resource Efficiency Agenda: Driving Momentum on the National Level and Beyond / Reinhard Kaiser 14 Results of Three Cost-Effective, Innovative and Transferable Resource-Efficiency Instruments for Industries in the Basque Country / Ander Elgorriaga Kunze and Ignacio Quintana San Miguel 15 The Circular Economy Package of the European Union / Joachim Wuttke 16 Saving Natural Resources Through Conversion and Constructional Densification in Urban Areas: Ecological Potentials and Limits / Daniel Reißmann and Matthias Buchert 17 The Path to Degrowth for a Sustainable Society / Serge Latouche Part III Examples of Good Practice 18 Social Innovation Repair – The R.U.S.Z Case: A Systemic Approach Contributing to the Unplanned Obsolescence of Capitalism / Sepp Eisenriegler and Greta Sparer 19 Resource Efficiency in the Building Sector / Klaus Dosch 20 Eco Efficiency and Circular Production: Cases from the Netherlands’ Eastern Region / Frank A.G. den Butter and Harry A.A.M. Webers 21 An Approach to Identify Resource Patterns on a Neighborhood Level / Magnus Österbring, Leonardo Rosado, Holger Wallbaum, and Paul Gontia 22 Strategic Business Examples from Finland: The Growth of the Smartup Industry / Tuuli Kaskinen, Satu Lähteenoja, Mikael Sokero, and Iiris Suomela 23 Circular Flanders: Adaptive Policy for a Circular Economy / Sam Deckmyn 24 The 100 Companies Project Resource Efficient Practice Cases from Producing Industry / Mario Schmidt 25 Lifestyle Material Footprint of Finnish Households – Insights, Targets, Transitions / Michael Lettenmeier 26 Construction 4.0: The LifeCycle Tower and Digitalised Timber Construction / Hubert Rhomberg 27 Protect Resources, Strengthen the Economy: Good Examples for Resource Efficiency in Industry and Handicraft Businesses / Peter Jahns 28 Chemical Leasing: A Business Model to Drive Resource Efficiency in the Supply Chain / Reinhard Joas, Veronika Abraham, and Anke Joas 29 Resource Efficiency for the Manufacturing Industries – A Holistic Approach / Werner Maass, Christof Oberender, and Martin Vogt 30 Towards a Resource Efficient and Greenhouse Gas Neutral Germany 2050 / Jens Günther, Harry Lehmann, Ullrich Lorenz, David Pfeiffer, and Katja Purr 31 Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’ as a Catalyst for Societal Transformation? Critical Remarks and Presentation of an Inspired Exemplary Project as a Driver for Sustainability / Ulrich Bartosch, Christian Meier, and Till Weyers Index

Note: Environment and conflict -- Context matters : Ogoni and place making -- Locale : political and cultural context of mobilisation -- Landscape, capital and violence -- Why the Ogoni mobilised -- From grievances to micro-mobilisation : how the Ogoni mobilised -- Cultural basis of mobilisation -- Mobilisation : a place for moral motivation? -- Place and limit of mobilisation -- Conclusion.

Note: Contents: Introduction; Part I. Foundations: 1. Emergence and development of international environmental law; 2. Main features of international environmental law; 3. The principles of international environmental law; Part II. Substantive Regulation: 4. Oceans, seas and freshwater; 5. Atmosphere; 6. Biological diversity; 7. Dangerous substances and activities; Part III. Implementation: 8. Traditional approaches: responsibility/liability/adjudication; 9. Alternative approaches - facilitation and management of 'noncompliance'; Part IV. Interactions with Other Branches: 10. Interactions with human rights law; 11. Interactions with the law of armed conflict; 12. Interactions with international economic law

Note: Band 1: Bundesbericht Forschung und Innovation 2018 : Forschungs- und innovationspolitische Ziele und Maßnahmen Band 2: Daten und Fakten zum deutschen Forschungs- und Innovationssystem : Datenband Bundesbericht Forschung und Innovation 2018

Note: Contents: Introduction: The Future is in Our Hands ; PART I SOURCES OF WORRY, REASONS FOR HOPE ; 1 Global Successes and Looming Catastrophes ; 2 Globalization and Technology: Choices and Contingencies ; 3 The Expanding Circle of Respect and Dignity ; 4 The Big Challenge ; PART II ACTING FOR SOCIAL PROGRESS ; 5 In Search of a New “Third Way” , 6 Reforming Capitalism , 7 From the Welfare State to the Emancipating State , 8 From Polaritics to Politics , Conclusion: Mobilizing Change- Makers

Note: Inhalt: Grußwort - Antje Boetius. - Vorwort - Michaela Grein. - Die Welt teilhaben lassen - Luc Jacquet über die Sonderausstellung „Antarctica". - Die Geschichte der Antarktisforschung. - Die Entdeckung und Erforschung der Antarktis / Diedrich Fritzsche. - Die Gründung des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts für Polarforschung / Gotthilf Hempel. - Frauen in der Antarktis / Gotthilf Hempel. - Geologie und Klima. - Der geologische Bau der Antarktis / Andreas Läufer. - Einfluss des Ozeans auf das Schmelzen der Eisschelfe / Sunke Schmidtko. - Aurora australis - Polarlichter in der Antarktis / Michaela Grein. - Lebensräume und Organismengruppen. - Antarktische Makroalgen / Katharina Zacher & Christian Wiencke. - Leben am Meeresboden und Wiederbesiedlungsdynamik / Julian Gutt. - Die Schwämme des antarktischen Meeres / Dorte Janussen. - Schuppenwürmer in der Antarktis / Michael Stiller. - Meiofauna: Kleine Tiere - große Wirkung / Gritta Veit-Köhler & Friederike Säring. - Der antarktische Krill, Euphausia superba, im Nahrungsnetz des Südpolarmeers / Bettina Meyer. - Der Kaiserpinguin - Bedrohte Tierart und Stellvertreter für den Südozean / Daniel P. Zitterbart. - Fliegende Vögel der Antarktis / Hans-Ulrich Peter. - Antarktische Robben / Horst Bornemann & Joachim Plötz. - Pioniere und Überlebenskünstler: Die Flechten / Ludger Kappen. - Die Evolution der Wälder in Antarktika / Laura Jane Tilley. - Pflanzen in Antarktika / Michaela Grein. - Nutzung und Schutz der Antarktis. - Umweltschutz in der Antarktis / Heike Herata. - Meeresschutz in der Antarktis / Bob Zuur. - Tourismus in der Antarktis / Heinz Klöser. - Die Autorinnen und Autoren.

Note: Inhalt: Einführung und Hintergrund der terrestrischen Expeditionen in Sibirien / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - 1. Auf dem Weg zu den Lena-Expeditionen 1993-1997. - Seesedimente auf Taimyr und Sewernaja Semlja als Klima-Archiv / Pier Paul Overduin, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Martin Melles. - Erste Studien zu Energie-, Wasser- und Spurengasflüssen in Tundraböden: Labas-See und Lewinson-Lessing-See, Taimyr-Halbinsel / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Untersuchungen von Permafrost-Sequenzen in der Taimyr-Tiefebene (1994-1996) / Christine Siegert, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Kohlenstoff in den arktischen Wüstenböden von Sewernaja Semlja / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dimitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Hydrologie, Geochemie und Sedimenttransport in den Flüssen Sibiriens - Das SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA Projekt 1994-1997 / Volker Rachold. - 2. Der Beginn der Lena-Expeditionen 1998-2002. - lnitiierung des Forschungsprojekts Lenadelta: Wissenschaftliche Strategie, Kooperation und Logistik / Volker Rachold, Martin Antonow, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Die ersten Jahre der boden- und klimabezogenen Permafrostforschung auf Samoilow und Umgebung (Untersuchungen 1998-2001) / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Günter Stoof, Lars Kutzbach, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, lrina A. Yakshina, Anno N. Kurchatova, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Bykowski-Halbinsel: Die erste Landexpedition mit Fokus auf das Paläoklima / Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Christine Siegert, Hanno Meyer. - Schiffsexpeditionen von 1998 bis 2002 zur Untersuchung von Erosion und Geomorphologie der Küste mit Dunai, Neptun, Sofron Danilov und Pavel Bashmakov / Volker Rachold, Waldemar Schneider, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgong Hubberten, Felix E. Are, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Untersuchung von Seen auf Arga: Geschichte und Entstehung des Lenadeltas / Georg Schwamborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Vladimir E. Tumskoy, Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse. - Mikrobieller Kohlenstoffumsatz in der Auftauschicht und im Permafrost / Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafova, Dirk Wagner. - Feldarbeit für die Rekonstruktion der Paläoumwelt / Lutz Schirrmeister, Tatyana V. Kuznetsova, Andrei A. Andreev, Frank Kienast, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - 3. Prozessstudien zur Permafrostdynamik 2002-2005. - Submarine Permafrostbohrungen während der COAST 2005 Expedition / Volker Rachold, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Waldemar Schneider. - Die frühe Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow und ihre Erweiterung 2005 / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Julia Boike, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Günter Stoof, Alexander Yu. Gukav. - Installation des Samoilow Observatoriums - wissenschaftliches Monitoring von Klimadaten, Permafrostböden und Treibhausgasen (Untersuchungen 2002-2006) / Lars Kutzbach, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, David Holl, Günter Stoof Julia Boike, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Mikrobieller Stickstoffumsatz in der Auftauschicht und den tieferen Permafrostsedimenten des Lenadeltas / Claudia Fiencke, Tina Sanders, Fabian Beermann, Elena E. Lebedeva, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Geokryologische und paläoökologische Studien an den Küsten der Laptewsee / Lutz Schirrmeister, Christine Siegert, Guido Grosse, Hanno Meyer, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky. - Langzeitbeobachtungen der pelagischen Fauna in Seen und Tümpeln des Lenadeltas / Ekaterina N. Abramova, lrina I. Vishnyakova, Grigory A. Soloviev, Anna A. Abramova. - 4. Umsetzung neuer Forschungsthemen 2007-2012. - Die Dynamik der arktischen Küsten / Frank Günther, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, P. Paul Overduin, Hugues Lantuit, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Feldarbeit und Erstellung numerischer Modelle von submarinem Permafrost und Gashydraten / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, Sebastian Wetterich, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Permafrostdegradation, Thermokarst und Thermoerosion - Feldforschung auf der Insel Kurungnach / Anne Morgenstern, lrina V Fedorova, Antonina A. Chetverova, Frank Günther, Mathias Ulrich, Fabian Beermann, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Sofia A. Antonova, Samuel Stettner, Julia Boike. - Mit Kettensäge zum Klimamodell - Eiskeile als Winterklima-Archive / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Veränderungen nordsibirischer Seen und Baumgrenzen in der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart als Reaktion auf Erwärmung / Ulrike Herzschuh, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Laura S. Epp, Larisa A. Frolova, Ruslan M. Gorodnichev, Birgit Heim, Florion Jeltsch, Juliane Klemm, Stefan Kruse, Larisa B. Nazarova, Bastian Niemeyer, Anatolii N. Nikolaev, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Ralph Tiedemann, Mareike Wieczoreck, Evgenij S. Zakharov, Heike H. Zimmermann. - Kohlenstoff in Permafrost - Quantifizierung der Menge an organischem Material in Sibirien / Jens Strauss, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Alexander L. Kholodov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Matthias Fuchs, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Guido Grosse. - Expeditionen mit Gummibooten und kleinen Flussbooten - Hydrologie und Geomorphologie des Lenadeltas / Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Julia Boike. - Mobilisierung und Ablagerung von Kohlenstoff im Lena-Flusssystem / Gesine Mollenhauer, Maria Winterfeld, Boris P. Koch, lrina V. Fedorova. - Holozäne Seen rund um das Lenadelta / Bernhard Diekmann, Boris Biskaborn, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Dmitry A. Subetto, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Georg Schwamborn, Volker Rachold. - Logistisch komplexe Einsätze - Beobachtungen von Energie und Treibhausgasflüssen aus der Luft mittels Helipod / Torsten Sachs, Eric Larmanau, Katrin Kohnert, Andrei Serafimavich. - Lena Expeditionen: Einbindung neuer deutscher Forschungsgruppen / Birgit Heim, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, lrina V. Fedorova. - Ein Jahrzehnt der Küstenforschung im Lenadelta / lngeborg Bussmann, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Alexander Yu. Gukov, Gerhard Kattner, Alexandra Kraberg, Denis V. Moiseev, Pier Paul Overduin, Lasse Sander, Karen H. Wiltshire. - 5. Neue Horizonte für Lena-Expeditionen - Die neue Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow. - Ministerpräsident W. W. Putin besucht die Insel Samoilow (P-Day) / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafava, Waldemar Schneider, Alexander S. Makarov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Die neue Forschungsstation Insel Samoilow: Bau, Eröffnungsfeier, Anlage und Betrieb / Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Igor N. Yeltsov, Anne Morgenstern. - Samoilow in internationalen Programmen und Netzwerken - FLUXNET, GTN-P, INTERACT / Anne Morgenstern, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Julia Boike, Lars Kutzbach. - Kurzer Überblick über die russisch-deutschen Permafrost-Projekte CARBOPERM und KoPf / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse. - Einsatz von Fernerkundung im Gebiet der Laptewsee / Guido Grosse, Birgit Heim, Sofia Antonova, Julia Boike, Astrid Bracher, Alexey N. Fague, Frank Günther, Thomas Krumpen, Moritz Langer, Anne Morgenstern, Sina Muster, lngmar Nitze, Torsten Sachs. - Multidisziplinäre Studien auf Samoilow und Kurungnach: Geophysik, Fernerkundung, Geologie sowie botanische und Bodenstudien / Igor N. Yeltsov, Alexey N. Faguet, Leonid V. Tsibizov, Vladimir A. Kashirtsev, Vladimir V. Olenchenko, Andrey A. Kartozia, Nikolay N. Lashchinskiy. - Terrestrische Permafrost-Bohrkampagnen: Tiefe Einblicke in die Vergangenheit / Jens Strauss, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Paul Overduin, Georgii Maximov, Guido Grosse, Alexey N. Fague, Leonid Tsibizov, Lutz Schirrmeister. - Langzeitmessungen der Energie-, Wasser-, und Treibhausgasflüsse zwischen Land und Atmosphäre von 2002 bis heute und darüber hinaus / David Holl, Ju , Contents: Introduction and Background to Terrestrial Expeditions in Siberia / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - 1. On the Way to the Lena Expeditions 1993-1997. - Lake Sediments on Taymyr and Severnaya Zemlya as a Climate Archive / Pier Paul Overduin, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Martin Melles. - First Energy, Water, and Flux Studies of Tundra Soils - Labaz and Levinson-Lessing Lake, Taymyr Peninsula / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Exploring Permafrost Sequences in the Taymyr Lowland (1994-1996) / Christine Siegert, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Carbon in Arctic Desert Soils of Severnaya Zemlya / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Dimitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Hydrology, Geochemistry, and Sediment Transport of the Siberian Rivers - The SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA Project 1994-1997 / Volker Rachold. - 2. The Beginning of the Lena Expeditions 1998-2002. - Initiation of the Research Project Lena Delta: Science Strategy, Cooperation, and Logistics / Volker Rachold, Martin Antonow, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - The First Years of Soil and Climate-Related Permafrost Research on Samoylov Island and Surroundings (Investigations 1998- 2001) / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Julia Boike, Günter Stoof, Lars Kutzbach, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, lrina A. Yakshina, Anno N. Kurchatova, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Bykovsky Peninsula: The First Land Expedition with a Focus on Paleoclimate / Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Christine Siegert, Hanno Meyer. - The 1998-2002 Ship-Based Expeditions for Coastal Erosion and Geomorphological Studies with Dunay, Neptun, Sofron Danilov, and Pavel Bashmakov / Volker Rachold, Waldemar Schneider, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Felix E. Are, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - Lake Studies on Arga: History and Formation of the Lena Delta / Georg Schwamborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Volker Rachold, Vladimir E. Tumskoy, Lutz Schirrmeister, Guido Grosse. - Microbial Carbon Turnover in the Active Layer and in Permafrost / Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Svetlana Yu. Evgrajova, Dirk Wagner. - Fieldwork for Reconstructing the Paleo-Environment / Lutz Schirrmeister, Tatyana V. Kuznetsova, Andrei A. Andreev, Frank Kienast, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov. - 3. Process Studies of Permafrost Dynamics 2002-2006. - Subsea Permafrost Drilling During the COAST 2005 Expedition / Volker Rachold, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Waldemar Schneider. - The Early Samoylov Station and Its Extension in 2005 / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Julia Boike, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Günter Stoof, Alexander Yu. Gukov. - Installation of the Samoylov Observatory - Permafrost-Affected Soils and Greenhouse Gases (Investigations 2002-2006) / Lars Kutzbach, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, David Holl, Günter Stoof, Julia Boike, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Microbial Nitrogen Turnover in the Active Layer and Deeper Permafrost Sediments of the Lena River Delta / Claudia Fiencke, Tina Sanders, Fabian Beermann, Elena E. Lebedeva, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Geocryological and Paleoenvironmental Studies on the Coasts of the Laptev Sea / Lutz Schirrmeister, Christine Siegert, Guido Grosse, Hanno Meyer, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky. - Long-Term Observations of the Pelagic Fauna in Lakes and Ponds in the Lena Delta / Ekaterina N. Abramova, lrina I. Vishnyakova, Grigory A. Soloviev, Anna A. Abramova. - 4. Implementation of New Research Topics 2007-2012. - Arctic Coastal Dynamics / Frank Günther, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Pier Paul Overduin, Hugues Lantuit, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten. - Field Work and Numerical Modelling for Subsea Permafrost and Gas Hydrates / Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, Sebastian Wetterich, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - Permafrost Degradation, Thermokarst and Thermal Erosion Fieldwork on Kurungnakh Island / Anne Morgenstern, Irina V. Fedorova, Antonina A. Chetverova, Frank Günther, Mathias Ulrich, Fabian Beermann, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Sofia A. Antonova, Samuel Stettner, Julia Boike. - With the Chainsaw to Climate Modelling - Ice Wedges as a Winter Climate Archive / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin. - Past and Present Treeline and Lake Changes in Northern Siberia in Response to Warming / Ulrike Herzschuh, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Laura S. Epp, Larisa A. Frolova, Ruslan M. Gorodnichev, Birgit Heim, Florion Jeltsch, Juliane Klemm, Stefan Kruse, Larisa B. Nazarova, Bastian Niemeyer, Anatolii N. Nikolaev, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Ralph Tiedemann, Mareike Wieczoreck, Evgenij S. Zakharov, Heike H. Zimmermann. - Organic Matter Matters- Quantifying the Amount of Carbon in Northern Siberia / Jens Strauss, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Alexander L. Kholodov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Viktor V. Kunitsky, Matthias Fuchs, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Guido Grosse. - Expeditions with Rubber Boats and Small River Vessels - Hydrology and Geomorphology of the Lena Delta / Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Julia Boike. - Mobilization and Deposition of Carbon in the Lena River System / Gesine Mollenhauer, Maria Winterfeld, Boris P. Koch, lrina V. Fedorova. - Holocene Lakes Around the Lena Delta / Bernhard Diekmann, Boris Biskaborn, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Dmitry A. Subetto, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Ulrike Herzschuh, Georg Schwamborn, Volker Rachold. - Complex Logistical Operations - Airborne Energy and Greenhouse Gas Flux Observations by Helipod / Torsten Sachs, Eric Larmanau, Katrin Kohnert, Andrei Serafimavich. - Lena Expeditions: Integration of New German Research Groups / Birgit Heim, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Pier Paul Overduin, lrina V. Fedorova. - A Decade of Coastal Research in the Lena Delta / lngeborg Bussmann, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, lrina V Fedorova, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Alexander Yu. Gukov, Gerhard Kattner, Alexandra Kraberg, Denis V. Moiseev, Pier Paul Overduin, Lasse Sander, Karen H. Wiltshire. - 5. New Horizons for Lena Expeditions - The New Research Station Samoylov Island. - Prime Minister V. V. Putin Visits Samoylov Island (P-Day) / Hanno Meyer, Thomas Opel, Alexander Yu. Dereviagin, Svetlana Yu. Evgrafava, Waldemar Schneider, Alexander S. Makarov, Mikhail N. Grigoriev. - The New Research Station Samoylov Island: Construction, Opening Ceremony, Facilities, and Operation / Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Igor N. Yeltsov, Anne Morgenstern. - Samoylov in International Programs and Networks - FLUX NET, GTN-P, INTERACT / Anne Morgenstern, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Julia Boike, Lars Kutzbach. - Short Overview of the Russian-German Permafrost Projects CARBOPERM and KoPf / Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dmitry Yu. Bolshiyanov, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse. - Application of Remote Sensing in the Laptev Sea Region / Guido Grosse, Birgit Heim, Sofia Antonova, Julia Boike, Astrid Bracher, Alexey N. Fague, Frank Günther, Thomas Krumpen, Moritz Langer, Anne Morgenstern, Sina Muster, lngmar Nitze, Torsten Sachs. - Multidisciplinary Studies on Samoylov and Kurungnakh: Geophysics, Remote Sensing, Geology, Botanical, and Soil Studies / Igor N. Yeltsov, Alexey N. Faguet, Leonid V. Tsibizov, Vladimir A. Kashirtsev, Vladimir V. Olenchenko, Andrey A. Kartozia, Nikolay N. Lashchinskiy. - Deep lnsights into the Past Terrestrial Permafrost Drilling Campaigns / Jens Strauss, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Paul Overduin, Georgii Maximov, Guido Grosse, Alexey N. Fague, Leonid Tsibizov, Lutz Schirrmeister. - Long-Term Measurements of Land-Atmosphere Fluxes of Energy, Water, and Greenhouse Gases from 2002 until Today and Beyond / David Holl, Julia Boike, Torsten Sachs, Peter Schreiber, Niko Bornemann, Christian Wille, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Irina V. Fedorova, Lars Kutzbach. - Carbon Turnover of Thawing Permafrost in the Lena Delta / , Russische Ausgabe in kyrillischer Schrift