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  • phosphorus  (681)
  • Computer science
  • Springer  (690)
  • Springer Nature  (74)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book is a modern guide for all C++ programmers to learn Threading Building Blocks (TBB). Written by TBB and parallel programming experts, this book reflects their collective decades of experience in developing and teaching parallel programming with TBB, offering their insights in an approachable manner. Throughout the book the authors present numerous examples and best practices to help you become an effective TBB programmer and leverage the power of parallel systems. Pro TBB starts with the basics, explaining parallel algorithms and C++'s built-in standard template library for parallelism. You'll learn the key concepts of managing memory, working with data structures and how to handle typical issues with synchronization. Later chapters apply these ideas to complex systems to explain performance tradeoffs, mapping common parallel patterns, controlling threads and overhead, and extending TBB to program heterogeneous systems or system-on-chips. What You'll Learn Use Threading Building Blocks to produce code that is portable, simple, scalable, and more understandable Review best practices for parallelizing computationally intensive tasks in your applications Integrate TBB with other threading packages Create scalable, high performance data-parallel programs Work with generic programming to write efficient algorithms Who This Book Is For C++ programmers learning to run applications on multicore systems, as well as C or C++ programmers without much experience with templates. No previous experience with parallel programming or multicore processors is required. ;
    Keywords: Computer science ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Computer programming ; Algorithms ; Data structures (Computer science) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Principles of Security and Trust, POST 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The 10 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. They deal with theoretical and foundational aspects of security and trust, including on new theoretical results, practical applications of existing foundational ideas, and innovative approaches stimulated by pressing practical problems.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer security ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer system failures ; Computers ; Computers ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 5
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This Open Access book explores questions such as why and how did the first biological cells appear? And then complex organisms, brains, societies and –now– connected human societies? Physicists have good models for describing the evolution of the universe since the Big Bang, but can we apply the same concepts to the evolution of aggregated matter –living matter included? The Amazing Journey analyzes the latest results in chemistry, biology, neuroscience, anthropology and sociology under the light of the evolution of intelligence, seen as the ability of processing information. The main strength of this book is using just two concepts used in physics –information and energy– to explain: The emergence and evolution of life: procaryotes, eukaryotes and complex organisms The emergence and evolution of the brain The emergence and evolution of societies (human and not) Possible evolution of our "internet society" and the role that Artificial Intelligence is playing
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer science—Mathematics ; Input-output equipment (Computers) ; Computer communication systems ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Algorithms ; Mathematical logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation::UYAM Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation::UYAM Maths for computer scientists
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  • 6
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents the first comprehensive overview of general methods in Automated Machine Learning (AutoML), collects descriptions of existing systems based on these methods, and discusses the first series of international challenges of AutoML systems. The recent success of commercial ML applications and the rapid growth of the field has created a high demand for off-the-shelf ML methods that can be used easily and without expert knowledge. However, many of the recent machine learning successes crucially rely on human experts, who manually select appropriate ML architectures (deep learning architectures or more traditional ML workflows) and their hyperparameters. To overcome this problem, the field of AutoML targets a progressive automation of machine learning, based on principles from optimization and machine learning itself. This book serves as a point of entry into this quickly-developing field for researchers and advanced students alike, as well as providing a reference for practitioners aiming to use AutoML in their work.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Optical data processing ; Pattern recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQP Pattern recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQP Pattern recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing
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  • 9
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2019, held in Montreal, QC, Canada, in May 2019. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2019 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years The 15 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile adoption, agile practices; large-scale agile; agility beyond IT, and the future of agile. ;
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Management information systems ; Management information systems ; Computer science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMZ Software Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verification to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer logic ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic ; Algorithms ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Logic in AI ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer networks ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; SAT and SMT solving ; signal processing ; software and hardware verification ; software architecture ; software engineering ; specification and verification techniques ; static and dynamic program analysis ; system construction and transforamtion techniques ; theorem-proving ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Software Engineering ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; automata theory ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; parallel processing systems ; SAT and SMT solving ; software architecture ; static and dynamic program analysis ; theorem-proving ; verification and validation ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book contains the joint proceedings of the Winter School of Hakodate (WSH) 2011 held in Hakodate, Japan, March 15–16, 2011, and the 6th International Workshop on Natural Computing (6th IWNC) held in Tokyo, Japan, March 28–30, 2012, organized by the Special Interest Group of Natural Computing (SIG-NAC), the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI). This volume compiles refereed contributions to various aspects of natural computing, ranging from computing with slime mold, artificial chemistry, eco-physics, and synthetic biology, to computational aesthetics.
    Keywords: Simulation and Modeling ; Computational Biology/Bioinformatics ; Models and Principles ; Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities ; Computer Science ; Computational and Systems Biology ; Database Management System ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computational Aesthetics ; Computing with Natural media ; Harness the Nature for Computation ; Synthetic Biology ; Computer modelling & simulation ; Life sciences: general issues ; Information technology: general issues ; Computer science ; Computer applications in the arts & humanities ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book constitutes the research workshops, doctoral symposium and panel summaries presented at the 20th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2019, held in Montreal, QC, Canada, in May 2019. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2019 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years. Research papers and talks submissions were invited for the three XP 2019 research workshops, namely, agile transformation, autonomous teams, and large scale agile. This book includes 15 related papers. In addition, a summary for each of the four panels at XP 2019 is included. The panels were on security and privacy; the impact of the agile manifesto on culture, education, and software practices; business agility – agile’s next frontier; and Agile – the next 20 years.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Management information systems ; Computer science ; Management information systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMZ Software Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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  • 19
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Beginning and experienced programmers will use this comprehensive guide to persistent memory programming. You will understand how persistent memory brings together several new software/hardware requirements, and offers great promise for better performance and faster application startup times—a huge leap forward in byte-addressable capacity compared with current DRAM offerings. This revolutionary new technology gives applications significant performance and capacity improvements over existing technologies. It requires a new way of thinking and developing, which makes this highly disruptive to the IT/computing industry. The full spectrum of industry sectors that will benefit from this technology include, but are not limited to, in-memory and traditional databases, AI, analytics, HPC, virtualization, and big data. Programming Persistent Memory describes the technology and why it is exciting the industry. It covers the operating system and hardware requirements as well as how to create development environments using emulated or real persistent memory hardware. The book explains fundamental concepts; provides an introduction to persistent memory programming APIs for C, C++, JavaScript, and other languages; discusses RMDA with persistent memory; reviews security features; and presents many examples. Source code and examples that you can run on your own systems are included. What You’ll Learn Understand what persistent memory is, what it does, and the value it brings to the industry Become familiar with the operating system and hardware requirements to use persistent memory Know the fundamentals of persistent memory programming: why it is different from current programming methods, and what developers need to keep in mind when programming for persistence Look at persistent memory application development by example using the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK) Design and optimize data structures for persistent memory Study how real-world applications are modified to leverage persistent memory Utilize the tools available for persistent memory programming, application performance profiling, and debugging Who This Book Is For C, C++, Java, and Python developers, but will also be useful to software, cloud, and hardware architects across a broad spectrum of sectors, including cloud service providers, independent software vendors, high performance compute, artificial intelligence, data analytics, big data, etc.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer communication systems ; Big data ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases
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  • 20
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. They deal with foundational research with a clear significance for software science.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Mathematical logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science—Mathematics ; Data structures (Computer science) ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Computer programming ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBD Discrete mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBD Discrete mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 22
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book explores the dataspace paradigm as a best-effort approach to data management within data ecosystems. It establishes the theoretical foundations and principles of real-time linked dataspaces as a data platform for intelligent systems. The book introduces a set of specialized best-effort techniques and models to enable loose administrative proximity and semantic integration for managing and processing events and streams. The book is divided into five major parts: Part I “Fundamentals and Concepts” details the motivation behind and core concepts of real-time linked dataspaces, and establishes the need to evolve data management techniques in order to meet the challenges of enabling data ecosystems for intelligent systems within smart environments. Further, it explains the fundamental concepts of dataspaces and the need for specialization in the processing of dynamic real-time data. Part II “Data Support Services” explores the design and evaluation of critical services, including catalog, entity management, query and search, data service discovery, and human-in-the-loop. In turn, Part III “Stream and Event Processing Services” addresses the design and evaluation of the specialized techniques created for real-time support services including complex event processing, event service composition, stream dissemination, stream matching, and approximate semantic matching. Part IV “Intelligent Systems and Applications” explores the use of real-time linked dataspaces within real-world smart environments. In closing, Part V “Future Directions” outlines future research challenges for dataspaces, data ecosystems, and intelligent systems. Readers will gain a detailed understanding of how the dataspace paradigm is now being used to enable data ecosystems for intelligent systems within smart environments. The book covers the fundamental theory, the creation of new techniques needed for support services, and lessons learned from real-world intelligent systems and applications focused on sustainability. Accordingly, it will benefit not only researchers and graduate students in the fields of data management, big data, and IoT, but also professionals who need to create advanced data management platforms for intelligent systems, smart environments, and data ecosystems.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Database management ; Special purpose computers ; Computers ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
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  • 23
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Asian Supercomputing Conference, SCFA 2019, held in Singapore in March 2019. The 6 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. They cover a range of topics including memory fault handling, linear algebra, image processing, heterogeneous computing, resource usage prediction, and data caching.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer organization ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Optical data processing ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Microprogramming  ; Input-output equipment (Computers) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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  • 24
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Computer programming ; Software engineering ; Computers ; Computers ; Computer system failures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1406 “High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications (cHiPSet)“ project. Long considered important pillars of the scientific method, Modelling and Simulation have evolved from traditional discrete numerical methods to complex data-intensive continuous analytical optimisations. Resolution, scale, and accuracy have become essential to predict and analyse natural and complex systems in science and engineering. When their level of abstraction raises to have a better discernment of the domain at hand, their representation gets increasingly demanding for computational and data resources. On the other hand, High Performance Computing typically entails the effective use of parallel and distributed processing units coupled with efficient storage, communication and visualisation systems to underpin complex data-intensive applications in distinct scientific and technical domains. It is then arguably required to have a seamless interaction of High Performance Computing with Modelling and Simulation in order to store, compute, analyse, and visualise large data sets in science and engineering. Funded by the European Commission, cHiPSet has provided a dynamic trans-European forum for their members and distinguished guests to openly discuss novel perspectives and topics of interests for these two communities. This cHiPSet compendium presents a set of selected case studies related to healthcare, biological data, computational advertising, multimedia, finance, bioinformatics, and telecommunications.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer system failures ; Computer communication systems ; Microprocessors ; Application software ; Logic design ; Operating systems (Computers) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verification to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer logic ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic ; Algorithms ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1303 “Algorithms, Architectures and Platforms for Enhanced Living Environments (AAPELE)”. The concept of Enhanced Living Environments (ELE) refers to the area of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) that is more related with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Effective ELE solutions require appropriate ICT algorithms, architectures, platforms, and systems, having in view the advance of science and technology in this area and the development of new and innovative solutions that can provide improvements in the quality of life for people in their homes and can reduce the financial burden on the budgets of the healthcare providers. The aim of this book is to become a state-of-the-art reference, discussing progress made, as well as prompting future directions on theories, practices, standards, and strategies related to the ELE area. The book contains 12 chapters and can serve as a valuable reference for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, educators, faculty members, researchers, engineers, medical doctors, healthcare organizations, insurance companies, and research strategists working in this area.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer organization ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Application software ; Artificial intelligence ; Optical data processing ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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  • 28
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Computer Hardware ; Simulation and Modeling ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Science ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer systems ; correlation analysis ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; programming languages ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; Computer hardware ; Computer modelling & simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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  • 29
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 28 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They deal with research on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems.
    Keywords: Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Theory of Computation ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Database Management ; Programming Techniques ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; automata theory ; databases ; formal languages ; formal logic ; computational linguistics ; open access ; semantics ; categorical models and logics ; language theory, automata, and games ; modal, spatial, and temporal logics ; type theory and proof theory ; concurrency theory and process calculi ; rewriting theory ; logical foundations of data bases ; models of software security ; logical aspects of computation complexity ; logics of programming ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer science ; Natural language & machine translation ; Database programming ; Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2021, which took place during March 27–April 1, 2021, and was held as part of the Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 16 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The book also contains 4 Test-Comp contributions.
    Keywords: Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Data Structures and Information Theory ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Programming Techniques ; Theory of Computation ; Software Engineering ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; embedded systems ; empirical software validation ; formal logic ; formal methods ; model checking ; model-driven software engineering ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; program analysis ; program compilers ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software performance ; software selection and adaptation ; software testing and debugging ; telecommunication systems ; verification ; Operating systems ; Algorithms & data structures ; Information theory ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2019, held in New York City, NY, USA, in October 2019. The 15 full papers and 5 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They cover topics such as: e-health technology design; well-being technology; biomedical and health informatics; and smart environment technology.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer communication systems ; Special purpose computers ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is Open Access under a CC BY licence. The LNCS 11427 and 11428 proceedings set constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The total of 42 full and 8 short tool demo papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: SAT and SMT, SAT solving and theorem proving; verification and analysis; model checking; tool demo; and machine learning. Part II: concurrent and distributed systems; monitoring and runtime verification; hybrid and stochastic systems; synthesis; symbolic verification; and safety and fault-tolerant systems.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer logic ; Mathematical logic ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer system failures ; Computers ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access handbook provides the first comprehensive overview of biometrics exploiting the shape of human blood vessels for biometric recognition, i.e. vascular biometrics, including finger vein recognition, hand/palm vein recognition, retina recognition, and sclera recognition. After an introductory chapter summarizing the state of the art in and availability of commercial systems and open datasets/open source software, individual chapters focus on specific aspects of one of the biometric modalities, including questions of usability, security, and privacy. The book features contributions from both academia and major industrial manufacturers.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Biometrics (Biology) ; Computer security ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQP Pattern recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Break down the misconceptions of the Internet of Things by examining the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms. This open access book reviews the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the SW stack leading up to defense-in-depth. The IoT presents unique challenges in implementing security and Intel has both CPU and Isolated Security Engine capabilities to simplify it. This book explores the challenges to secure these devices to make them immune to different threats originating from within and outside the network. The requirements and robustness rules to protect the assets vary greatly and there is no single blanket solution approach to implement security. Demystifying Internet of Things Security provides clarity to industry professionals and provides and overview of different security solutions What You'll Learn Secure devices, immunizing them against different threats originating from inside and outside the network Gather an overview of the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms Understand the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the software stack leading up to defense-in-depth Who This Book Is For Strategists, developers, architects, and managers in the embedded and Internet of Things (IoT) space trying to understand and implement the security in the IoT devices/platforms.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer communication systems ; Computer security ; Information technology ; Business—Data processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UR Computer security
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This open access book, published to mark the 15th anniversary of the International Software Quality Institute (iSQI), is intended to raise the profile of software testers and their profession. It gathers contributions by respected software testing experts in order to highlight the state of the art as well as future challenges and trends. In addition, it covers current and emerging technologies like test automation, DevOps, and artificial intelligence methodologies used for software testing, before taking a look into the future. The contributing authors answer questions like: "How is the profession of tester currently changing? What should testers be prepared for in the years to come, and what skills will the next generation need? What opportunities are available for further training today? What will testing look like in an agile world that is user-centered and fast-paced? What tasks will remain for testers once the most important processes are automated?" iSQI has been focused on the education and certification of software testers for fifteen years now, and in the process has contributed to improving the quality of software in many areas. The papers gathered here clearly reflect the numerous ways in which software quality assurance can play a critical role in various areas. Accordingly, the book will be of interest to both professional software testers and managers working in software testing or software quality assurance.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Management information systems ; Management information systems ; Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird das Geschäftsprozessmanagement als ein ganzheitlicher Prozess begriffen, der der Mitwirkung aller Stakeholder bedarf. Denn das traditionelle Business Process Engineering stößt heute angesichts der Digitalisierung und der dynamischen Entwicklung von Organisationen immer mehr an seine Grenzen, beispielsweise bezüglich Agilität. Um nun das Wesen von Aufgaben und Abläufen in Organisationen zu erfassen, schlagen die Autoren einen Perspektivwechsel vor: das Denken in Kommunikationsprozessen. Dieses Konzept lässt sich wirtschaftlich, organisatorisch und technisch ohne einschlägige Vorkenntnisse umsetzen. Leserinnen und Leser finden in dem Buch konkrete Handlungsanleitungen für die Digitalisierung von organisationsrelevanten Abläufen. Daneben liefern die Autoren Einblicke in die Systemtheorie und in das Design Thinking. Ihr Ziel ist, Konzepte einfach und verständlich zu erläutern, ohne dabei komplexe Zusammenhänge zu vernachlässigen. Dank ausführlicher Konzeptdarstellung und Ausflüge in die Theorie mit Beispielen aus der Praxis, eignet es sich für Studierende und für Wissenschaftler genauso wie für Praktiker. Entwickler und andere Fachkräfte aus den Bereichen Operatives Management, Geschäftsprozessmanagement, Organisationsentwicklung, Qualitätsmanagement, Wissensmanagement werden sich von der Übersichtlichkeit und dem Nutzwert angesprochen fühlen.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computers ; Management ; Industrial management ; Information technology ; Business—Data processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research & development management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UT Computer networking & communications
    Language: German
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the First IFIP International Cross-Domain Conference on Internet of Things, IFIPIoT 2018, held at the 24th IFIP World Computer Congress, WCC 2018, in Poznan, Poland, in September 2018. The 12 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. Also included in this volume are 4 WCC 2018 plenary contributions, an invited talk and a position paper from the IFIP domain committee on IoT. The papers cover a wide range of topics from a technology to a business perspective and include among others hardware, software and management aspects, process innovation, privacy, power consumption, architecture, applications.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Special purpose computers ; Application software ; Computer communication systems ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer system failures ; Operating systems (Computers) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is a must-have for anyone serious about rendering in real time. With the announcement of new ray tracing APIs and hardware to support them, developers can easily create real-time applications with ray tracing as a core component. As ray tracing on the GPU becomes faster, it will play a more central role in real-time rendering. Ray Tracing Gems provides key building blocks for developers of games, architectural applications, visualizations, and more. Experts in rendering share their knowledge by explaining everything from nitty-gritty techniques that will improve any ray tracer to mastery of the new capabilities of current and future hardware. What you'll learn: The latest ray tracing techniques for developing real-time applications in multiple domains Guidance, advice, and best practices for rendering applications with Microsoft DirectX Raytracing (DXR) How to implement high-performance graphics for interactive visualizations, games, simulations, and more Who this book is for: Developers who are looking to leverage the latest APIs and GPU technology for real-time rendering and ray tracing Students looking to learn about best practices in these areas Enthusiasts who want to understand and experiment with their new GPUs
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer graphics ; Computer games—Programming ; Optical data processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMK Games development and programming ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UML Graphics programming ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2018, held in Beijing, China, in August 2018. The 14 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers cover the following topics: emergency response, mobile internet security, IoT security, cloud security, threat intelligence analysis, vulnerability, artificial intelligence security, IPv6 risk research, cybersecurity policy and regulation research, big data analysis and industrial security.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Optical data processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision
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  • 46
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 47
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is Open Access under a CC BY licence. This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic in April 2019, held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The 24 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 94 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: software verification; model-driven development and model transformation; software evolution and requirements engineering; specification, design, and implementation of particular classes of systems; and software testing.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Computer system failures ; Computers ; Computers ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set LNCS 11561 and 11562 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2019, held in New York City, USA, in July 2019. The 52 full papers presented together with 13 tool papers and 2 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 258 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: automata and timed systems; security and hyperproperties; synthesis; model checking; cyber-physical systems and machine learning; probabilistic systems, runtime techniques; dynamical, hybrid, and reactive systems; Part II: logics, decision procedures; and solvers; numerical programs; verification; distributed systems and networks; verification and invariants; and concurrency.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Computers ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer simulation ; Computer organization ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Communication is increasingly moving beyond ‘ways of seeing’ to ‘ways of feeling’. This Open Access book provides social design insights and implications for HCI research and design exploring digitally mediated touch communication. It offers a socially orientated map to help navigate the complex social landscape of digitally mediated touch for communication: from everyday touch-screens, tangibles, wearables, haptics for virtual reality, to the tactile internet of skin. Drawing on literature reviews, new case-study vignettes, and exemplars of digital touch, the book examines the major social debates provoked by digital touch, and investigates social themes central to the communicative potential and societal consequences of digital touch: · Communication environments, capacities and practices · Norms associations and expectations · Presence, absence and connection · Social imaginaries of digital touch · Digital touch ethics and values The book concludes with a discussion of the significance of social understanding and methods in the context of Interdisciplinary collaborations to explore touch, towards the design of digital touch communication, ‘ways of feeling’, that are useable, appropriate, ethical and socially aware.
    Keywords: Computer science ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Technology—Sociological aspects ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZG User interface design & usability
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This open access handbook presents a trustable craniofacial superimposition methodological framework. It includes detailed technical and practical overviews, and discussions about the latest tools and open problems, covering the educational, technical, ethical, and security aspects of this forensic identification technique. The book will be of particular interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic anthropology and forensic ID, and also researchers in computational intelligence. It is the final result of a European project, New Methodologies and Protocols of Forensic Identification by Craniofacial Superimposition (MEPROCS). The project collaborators who contributed to this handbook are: S. Damas, O. Ibáñez, M.I. Huete, T. Kahana, C. Wilkinson, E. Ferguson, C. Erolin, C. Cattaneo, P.T. Jayaprakash, R. Jankauskas, F. Cavalli, K. Imaizumi, R. Vicente, D. Navega, E. Cunha, A.H. Ross, E. Veselovskaya, A. Abramov, P. Lestón, F. Molinero, E. Ruiz, F. Navarro, J. Cardoso, F. Viegas, D. Humpire, R. Hardiman, J. Clement, A. Valsecchi, B.R. Campomanes-Alvarez, C. Campomanes-Alvarez, A.S. Çağdır, T. Briers, M. Steyn, M. Viniero, D.N. Vieira, and O. Cordón. ; Authors among leading researchers and practitioners worldwide Reports successful collaborative project results First comprehensive guide on this important technique Open Access
    Keywords: Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Forensic medicine ; Computational intelligence ; Forensic science ; Health informatics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology::JKVF Criminal investigation and detection::JKVF1 Forensic science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKT Forensic medicine ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBH Digital and information technologies: Health and safety aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2020, which was planned to take place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The actual ETAPS 2020 meeting was postponed due to the Corona pandemic. The papers deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems.
    Keywords: Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Theory of Computation ; artificial intelligence ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer security ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; program compilers ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 57
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is Open Access under a CC BY licence. The LNCS 11427 and 11428 proceedings set constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. The total of 42 full and 8 short tool demo papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: SAT and SMT, SAT solving and theorem proving; verification and analysis; model checking; tool demo; and machine learning. Part II: concurrent and distributed systems; monitoring and runtime verification; hybrid and stochastic systems; synthesis; symbolic verification; and safety and fault-tolerant systems.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer logic ; Software engineering ; Mathematical logic ; Algorithms ; Logic design ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: This open access book is about public open spaces, about people, and about the relationship between them and the role of technology in this relationship. It is about different approaches, methods, empirical studies, and concerns about a phenomenon that is increasingly being in the centre of sciences and strategies – the penetration of digital technologies in the urban space. As the main outcome of the CyberParks Project, this book aims at fostering the understanding about the current and future interactions of the nexus people, public spaces and technology. It addresses a wide range of challenges and multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging phenomena related to the penetration of technology in people’s lifestyles - affecting therefore the whole society, and with this, the production and use of public spaces. Cyberparks coined the term cyberpark to describe the mediated public space, that emerging type of urban spaces where nature and cybertechnologies blend together to generate hybrid experiences and enhance quality of life.
    Keywords: Computer science ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Coding theory ; Information theory ; Special purpose computers ; Computer communication systems ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPJ Coding theory and cryptology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the First International Workshop on Multiple-Aspect Analysis of Semantic Trajectories, MASTER 2019, held in conjunction with the 19th European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2019, in Würzburg, Germany, in September 2019. The 8 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 12 submissions. They represent an interesting mix of techniques to solve recurrent as well as new problems in the semantic trajectory domain, such as data representation models, data management systems, machine learning approaches for anomaly detection, and common pathways identification.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Machine learning ; Application software ; Optical data processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Hardware ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Database Management System ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; data security ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; network protocols ; parallel processing systems ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is Open Access under a CC BY licence. This book, LNCS 11429, is part III of the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2019, which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2019, held as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2019. It's a special volume on the occasion of the 25 year anniversary of TACAS.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer logic ; Software engineering ; Mathematical logic ; Computers ; Computer system failures ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTiCS 2019, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in September 2019. The 20 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They cover topics such as: web semantics and linked (open) data; machine learning and deep learning techniques; semantic information management and knowledge integration; terminology, thesaurus and ontology management; data mining and knowledge discovery; semantics in blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Knowledge representation (Information theory)  ; Special purpose computers ; Computer communication systems ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), combined with greater heterogeneity not only online in cloud computing architectures but across the cloud-to-edge continuum, is introducing new challenges for managing applications and infrastructure across this continuum. The scale and complexity is simply so complex that it is no longer realistic for IT teams to manually foresee the potential issues and manage the dynamism and dependencies across an increasing inter-dependent chain of service provision. This Open Access Pivot explores these challenges and offers a solution for the intelligent and reliable management of physical infrastructure and the optimal placement of applications for the provision of services on distributed clouds. This book provides a conceptual reference model for reliable capacity provisioning for distributed clouds and discusses how data analytics and machine learning, application and infrastructure optimization, and simulation can deliver quality of service requirements cost-efficiently in this complex feature space. These are illustrated through a series of case studies in cloud computing, telecommunications, big data analytics, and smart cities.
    Keywords: Innovation/Technology Management ; e-Commerce/e-business ; Computer Engineering ; Business and Management ; e-Commerce and e-Business ; Computer Hardware ; Analytics Models ; Data Acquisition ; Application Optimisation ; Infrastructure ; Distributed Clouds ; digital business ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; Business applications ; E-commerce: business aspects ; Computer science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research & development management ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UF Business applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on VR Technologies in Cultural Heritage, VRTCH 2018, held in Brasov, Romania in May 2018. The 13 revised full papers along with the 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on data acquisition and modelling, visualization methods / audio, sensors and actuators, data management, restoration and digitization, cultural tourism.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Computer simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This open access book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First International ISCIS Security Workshop 2018, Euro-CYBERSEC 2018, held in London, UK, in February 2018. The 12 full papers presented together with an overview paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. Security of distributed interconnected systems, software systems, and the Internet of Things has become a crucial aspect of the performance of computer systems. The papers deal with these issues, with a specific focus on societally critical systems such as health informatics systems, the Internet of Things, energy systems, digital cities, digital economy, mobile networks, and the underlying physical and network infrastructures.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Data protection ; Application software ; Data encryption (Computer science) ; Special purpose computers ; Computer communication systems ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPJ Coding theory and cryptology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 11561 and 11562 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2019, held in New York City, USA, in July 2019. The 52 full papers presented together with 13 tool papers and 2 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 258 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: automata and timed systems; security and hyperproperties; synthesis; model checking; cyber-physical systems and machine learning; probabilistic systems, runtime techniques; dynamical, hybrid, and reactive systems; Part II: logics, decision procedures; and solvers; numerical programs; verification; distributed systems and networks; verification and invariants; and concurrency.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Computer logic ; Mathematical logic ; Computer system failures ; Computers ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book presents the outcomes of the “Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution” priority program 1593, which was launched by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)”) to develop new approaches to software engineering with a specific focus on long-lived software systems. The different lifecycles of software and hardware platforms lead to interoperability problems in such systems. Instead of separating the development, adaptation and evolution of software and its platforms, as well as aspects like operation, monitoring and maintenance, they should all be integrated into one overarching process. Accordingly, the book is split into three major parts, the first of which includes an introduction to the nature of software evolution, followed by an overview of the specific challenges and a general introduction to the case studies used in the project. The second part of the book consists of the main chapters on knowledge carrying software, and cover tacit knowledge in software evolution, continuous design decision support, model-based round-trip engineering for software product lines, performance analysis strategies, maintaining security in software evolution, learning from evolution for evolution, and formal verification of evolutionary changes. In turn, the last part of the book presents key findings and spin-offs. The individual chapters there describe various case studies, along with their benefits, deliverables and the respective lessons learned. An overview of future research topics rounds out the coverage. The book was mainly written for scientific researchers and advanced professionals with an academic background. They will benefit from its comprehensive treatment of various topics related to problems that are now gaining in importance, given the higher costs for maintenance and evolution in comparison to the initial development, and the fact that today, most software is not developed from scratch, but as part of a continuum of former and future releases.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Software engineering ; Management information systems ; Management information systems ; Computer science ; Computers ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer science
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Get the most out of this foundational reference and improve the productivity of your software teams. This open access book collects the wisdom of the 2017 "Dagstuhl" seminar on productivity in software engineering, a meeting of community leaders, who came together with the goal of rethinking traditional definitions and measures of productivity. The results of their work, Rethinking Productivity in Software Engineering, includes chapters covering definitions and core concepts related to productivity, guidelines for measuring productivity in specific contexts, best practices and pitfalls, and theories and open questions on productivity. You'll benefit from the many short chapters, each offering a focused discussion on one aspect of productivity in software engineering. Readers in many fields and industries will benefit from their collected work. Developers wanting to improve their personal productivity, will learn effective strategies for overcoming common issues that interfere with progress. Organizations thinking about building internal programs for measuring productivity of programmers and teams will learn best practices from industry and researchers in measuring productivity. And researchers can leverage the conceptual frameworks and rich body of literature in the book to effectively pursue new research directions. What You'll Learn Review the definitions and dimensions of software productivity See how time management is having the opposite of the intended effect Develop valuable dashboards Understand the impact of sensors on productivity Avoid software development waste Work with human-centered methods to measure productivity Look at the intersection of neuroscience and productivity Manage interruptions and context-switching Who Book Is For Industry developers and those responsible for seminar-style courses that include a segment on software developer productivity. Chapters are written for a generalist audience, without excessive use of technical terminology. ; Collects the wisdom of software engineering thought leaders in a form digestible for any developer Shares hard-won best practices and pitfalls to avoid An up to date look at current practices in software engineering productivity
    Keywords: Computer science ; Programming languages (Electronic computers) ; Management information systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMX Programming & scripting languages: general
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  • 74
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book covers all facets of entity-oriented search—where “search” can be interpreted in the broadest sense of information access—from a unified point of view, and provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the state of the art. It represents the first synthesis of research in this broad and rapidly developing area. Selected topics are discussed in-depth, the goal being to establish fundamental techniques and methods as a basis for future research and development. Additional topics are treated at a survey level only, containing numerous pointers to the relevant literature. A roadmap for future research, based on open issues and challenges identified along the way, rounds out the book. The book is divided into three main parts, sandwiched between introductory and concluding chapters. The first two chapters introduce readers to the basic concepts, provide an overview of entity-oriented search tasks, and present the various types and sources of data that will be used throughout the book. Part I deals with the core task of entity ranking: given a textual query, possibly enriched with additional elements or structural hints, return a ranked list of entities. This core task is examined in a number of different variants, using both structured and unstructured data collections, and numerous query formulations. In turn, Part II is devoted to the role of entities in bridging unstructured and structured data. Part III explores how entities can enable search engines to understand the concepts, meaning, and intent behind the query that the user enters into the search box, and how they can provide rich and focused responses (as opposed to merely a list of documents)—a process known as semantic search. The final chapter concludes the book by discussing the limitations of current approaches, and suggesting directions for future research. Researchers and graduate students are the primary target audience of this book. A general background in information retrieval is sufficient to follow the material, including an understanding of basic probability and statistics concepts as well as a basic knowledge of machine learning concepts and supervised learning algorithms.
    Keywords: Computer science ; Information storage and retrieval ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical statistics ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation::UYAM Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 187-199 
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: BOD5 ; catchment ; empirical model ; land use change ; land use scenarios ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; runoff ; SO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due largely to unprecedented land-use changes in the Porijõgi River catchment (southern Estonia) losses of nutrients and organic matter have decreased significantly. During the period 1987–1997 abandoned lands increased from 1.7 to 10.5% and arable lands decreased from 41.8 to 23.9%. At the same time, the runoff of total-N, total-P, SO4 and organic matter (after BOD5) decreased from 25.9 to 5.1, 0.32 to 0.13, 78 to 48, and 7.4 to 3.5 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The most significant decreases occurred in agricultural subcatchments while the changes were insignificant in the forested upper course catchment. A simple empirical model which incorporates land-use pattern, fertilization intensity, soil parameters and water discharge accurately described the variations of total-N and total-P runoff in both the whole catchment and its agricultural subcatchments (R 2 varies from 0.95–0.99 for N to 0.49–0.93 for P). In small agricultural subcatchments the rate of fertilization is found the most important factor for nitrogen runoff, whereas in larger mosaic watersheds land use pattern plays the main role. Seven alternative scenarios compiled on the base of the empirical model allow to forecast potential nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the catchment. This information can be used in further landscape and regional planning of the whole region.
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  • 76
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 335-344 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: phosphorus ; polydimethylsiloxane ; silica ; surface ; thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy were used to investigate the process of thermal destruction of adsorbed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in air. The disperse adsorbents were pristine fumed silica and modified fumed silica whose surface contained oxygen compounds of phosphorus. It was shown that under the given experimental conditions the thermal destruction of PDMS on the fumed silica surface was accompanied by the complete transformation of the adsorbed PDMS to SiO2. In the case of phosphorus-containing silica, the thermal destruction proceeded in a different way. It was found that at 140–300°C depolymerization of the siloxane chains of a certain part of the adsorbed polymer took place with the concurrent removal of volatile products of the reaction. However, the remaining part of the adsorbed PDMS interacted with the modified silica surface to form chemisorbed dimethylsilyl structures. The thermal destruction of the chemisorbed fragments of PDMS in air was initiated at 400°C or above for both types of silica investigated.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: TiAl ; oxidation ; phosphorus ; microdiffraction ; doping ; rutile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently it has been found that very small amounts (a few 100 ppm) of Padded to γ -titanium aluminide can significantly alter the oxidationbehavior between 973 and 1273 K. The mechanism responsible for this changeis, however, still not clear. In the present study, phosphorus wasincorporated into the surface of TiAl (containing 50 at.% Al) by ionimplantation and oxidation tests were carried out at 1173 K inair. Improvement of oxidation resistance is only temporary up to 100 hr forphosphorus-implanted TiAl. After 100 hr, the oxidation rate increases andbreakaway oxidation follows. XRD and EPMA showed that the breakawayoxidation is connected with massive nitride formation. Two different modelsare proposed which can explain the effect of phosphorus additions on theoxidation kinetics of TiAl during the protective stage within the first100 hr. The breakaway effect can be explained by penetration of air to themetal–oxide interface zone because of microcrack formation in theoxide scale, which was experimentally proved by acoustic-emission analysis.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: ethane ; vanadium ; molybdenum ; phosphorus ; titanium oxide ; acetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Different complementary physicochemical tools have been used to explain the improvement of the catalytic performances for ethane oxidation into acetic acid induced by the addition of molybdenum as phosphate to vanadium phosphate deposited on TiO2-anatase, at a coverage below the monolayer. Electron microscopy techniques have shown that the elements are dispersed on the support. Electron spin resonance, laser Raman and UV-visible spectroscopies have evidenced that the short range order around vanadium is modified by the presence of molybdenum. 51V NMR has shown that molybdenum favours the octahedral symmetry of vanadium. The acidic properties of the catalyst are improved by the adding effect of molybdenum and by the addition of water. This should explain a better desorption of acetic acid and the improvement of the corresponding yield. This confirms the importance of the atomic environment of vanadium-based oxides to control the mild oxidation of light alkanes.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; macroalgae ; estuary ; anthropogenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to begin to investigate sources, sinks, and flux rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in Famosa Slough, a small (12 ha) highly modified urban estuary in San Diego, California, U.S.A. The hydrology of Famosa Slough has been modified by culverts that dampen tidal influence and seasonal runoff from two urban watersheds, each of which has been implicated as a nutrient source that generates nuisance algal blooms. In 1995 and 1996, the ranges of nutrients measured in the water column were extremely wide; upper values exceeded those in other estuaries identified as eutrophic. Average dissolved inorganic nitrogen ranged from 2 to 250 μM, while dissolved inorganic phosphorus ranged from 〈1 to 15 μM. Nutrient content of the water changed rapidly both spatially and temporally depending on the tides and rainfall. While tidal water dominated this system, especially in the dry season, our results indicate that Famosa Slough's small watershed, not the larger watershed of the San Diego River, was the major source of nutrients during rainfall. Sediment nutrients were also high (∼3 mg N g dry wt−1 and 0.600 mg P g dry wt−1). Short-term flux studies suggest that the large accumulations of opportunistic green macroalgae commonly found in this estuary, and possibly the sediments, may act as a large and rapid sink for nutrients during times of high nutrient supply. We suggest that small, shallow estuaries in urban settings may have more complex and rapid nutrient dynamics than those found in larger systems.
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    Wetlands ecology and management 8 (2000), S. 197-207 
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: benthic invertebrates ; mitigation ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; pedogenesis ; phosphorus ; plant productivity ; restoration and rehabilitation ; salt marsh ; wetland creation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of wetland soil characteristics andbenthic invertebrate communities were evaluated increated Spartina alterniflorasalt marshes inNorth Carolina ranging in age from 1 to 25 years-old.A combination of measurements from different-agecreated marshes as well as periodic measurements overtime on two marshes were used to (1) document rates ofwetland pedogenesis, especially soil organic matter,and, (2) explore relationships between soil andbenthic invertebrate community development. Soilmacro-organic matter (MOM, the living and dead rootand rhizome mat), organic C and N increased and bulkdensity decreased during the 25 years following marshestablishment. The most dramatic changes in bulkdensity, MOM, C and N occurred within the upper 10 cmof the soil with lesser changes below this depth.Created marshes were sinks for organic C (90–140g·m-2·yr-1) and N (7–11g·m-2·yr-1) but not for P (0–1g·m-2·yr-1). The density of benthicinvertebrates (〉250 μm) and subsurface-depositfeeding oligochaetes also increased over time oncreated salt marshes. Invertebrate and oligochaetedensity were strongly related to MOM content(r2= 0.83–0.87) and soil organic C(r2= 0.52–0.82) and N (r2= 0.62–0.84). Thesefindings suggest that, in created salt marshes,development of the benthic invertebrate community istied to marsh soil formation, especially accumulationof organic matter as MOM and soil. Field studies thatmanipulate the quantity and quality of soil organicmatter are needed to elucidate the relationshipbetween salt marsh pedogenesis and benthicinvertebrate community development.
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    Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 119-132 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: leaf area index ; leaf elongation rate ; phosphorus ; phyllochron ; Zea mays L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Biomass accumulation by crops depends both on light interception by leaves and on the efficiency with which the intercepted light is used to produce dry matter. Our aim was to identify which of these processes were affected for maize (Zea Mays L., cv Volga) field crops grown under phosphorus (P) deficiency, and assess their relative importance. In this paper, the effects of P deficiency on leaf appearance, leaf elongation rate, final individual leaf area and leaf senescence were studied. The experimental work was carried out in 1995–1977 on a long-term P fertilisation trial located on a sandy soil in the south-west of France. Three P fertilisation regimes have been applied since 1972: no-P (P0 treatment) and different rates of P fertiliser (P1.5:1.5 times the grain P export and P3:3 times the grain P export). These fertilisation regimes have led to contrasted levels of soil P supply, with the P0 treatment being limiting for growth. Very few differences were observed about leaf growth between the P1.5 and P3 treatments. Conversely, the leaf area index (LAI) was significantly reduced in the P0 treatment, especially during the first phases of the crop cycle (up to −60% between the 7- and 14-visible leaves). This effect gradually decreased over time. The lower LAI in P0 treatment was due to two main processes affecting the leaf growth. The final number of leaves per plant and leaf senescence were only slightly modified by P deficiency. Conversely, leaf appearance was delayed during the period between leaf 4 and leaf 9. The value of the phyllochron increased from 47 °C days in the P1.5 treatment to 65 °C days in the P0 treatment. Leaf elongation rates during the quasi-linear phase of leaf expansion were significantly reduced for lower leaves of P0 plants. The final size of leaves L2–L12 was reduced. On the opposite, leaf elongation duration was not greatly affected by P treatments. Before the emergence of leaf 9, the reduction of individual leaf size was the main factor responsible for the reduced LAI in the P0 treatment. After this stage, the delayed leaf appearance accounted for a great part of the reduced LAI in the P0 treatment.
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    Plant and soil 227 (2000), S. 115-126 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: endophyte ; mineral nutrition ; Neotyphodium coenophialum ; phosphorus ; tall fescue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin, a fungal endophyte found primarily in shoots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.), can modify rhizosphere activity in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. In a controlled environment experiment, two cloned tall fescue genotypes (DN2 and DN4) free (E-) and infected (E+) with their naturally occurring endophyte strains were grown in nutrient solutions at low P (3.1 ppm) or high P (31 ppm) concentrations for 21 d. Endophyte infection increased root dry matter (DM) of DN4 by 21% but did not affect root DM of DN2. Under P deficiency, shoot and total DM were not affected by endophyte but relative growth rate was greater in E+ than E- plants. In high P nutrient solution, E+ plants produced 13% less (DN2) or 29% more (DN4) shoot DM than E- plants. Endophyte affected mineral concentrations in roots more than in shoots. Regardless of P concentration in nutrient solution, E+ DN2 accumulated more P, Ca, Zn and Cu but less K in roots than E- plants. When grown in high P nutrient solution, concentrations of Fe and B in roots of E+ DN2 plants were reduced compared with those of E- plants. Concentrations of P, Ca and Cu in roots of DN4 were less, but K was greater in E+ than E- plants. In shoots, E+ DN2 had greater concentrations of Fe and Cu than E- DN2, regardless of P concentration in nutrient solution. Genotype DN4 responded to endophyte infection by reducing B concentration in shoots. Nutrient uptake rates were affected by endophyte infection in plants grown in low P nutrient solution. A greater uptake rate of most nutrients and their transport to shoots was observed in DN2, but responses of DN4 were not consistent. Results suggest that endophyte may elicit different modes of tall fescue adaptation to P deficiency.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cations ; fire ; nitrogen ; nutrients ; phosphorus ; slash-and-burn ; soil ; tropical forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The most commonly observed change in soil following slash-and-burn clearing of tropical forest is a short-term increase in nutrient availability. Studies of shifting cultivation commonly cite the incorporation of nutrient-rich ash from consumed aboveground biomass into soil as the reason for this change. The effects of soil heating on nutrient availability have been examined only rarely in field studies of slash-and-burn, and soil heating as a mechanism of nutrient release is most often assumed to be of minor importance in the field. Few budgets for above and belowground nutrient flux have been developed in the tropics, and a survey of results from field and laboratory studies indicates that soils are sufficiently heated during most slash-and-burn events, particularly in dry and monsoonal climates, to cause significant, even substantial release of nutrients from non-plant-available into plant-available forms in soil. Conversely, large aboveground losses of nutrients during and after burning often result in low quantities of nutrients that are released to soil. Assessing the biophysical sustainability of an agricultural practice requires detailed information about nutrient flux and loss incurred during management. To this end, current conceptual models of shifting cultivation should be revised to more accurately describe these fluxes and losses.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: competition ; roots ; common bean ; mineral nutrition ; models ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have observed that low soil phosphorus availability alters the gravitropic response of basal roots in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), resulting in a shallower root system. In this study we use a geometric model to test the hypotheses that a shallower root system is a positive adaptive response to low soil P availability by (1) concentrating root foraging in surface soil horizons, which generally have the highest P availability, and (2) reducing spatial competition for P among roots of the same plant. The growth of nine root systems contrasting in gravitropic response over 320 h was simulated in SimRoot, a dynamic three-dimensional geometric model of root growth and architecture. Phosphorus acquisition and inter-root competition were estimated with Depzone, a program that dynamically models nutrient diffusion to roots. Shallower root systems had greater P acquisition per unit carbon cost than deeper root systems, especially in older root systems. This was due to greater inter-root competition in deeper root systems, as measured by the volume of overlapping P depletion zones. Inter-root competition for P was a significant fraction of total soil P depletion, and increased with increasing values of the P diffusion coefficient (De), with root age, and with increasing root gravitropism. In heterogenous soil having greater P availability in surface horizons, shallower root systems had greater P acquisition than deeper root systems, because of less inter-root competition as well as increased root foraging in the topsoil. Root P acquisition predicted by SimRoot was validated against values for bean P uptake in the field, with an r 2 between observed and predicted values of 0.75. Our results support the hypothesis that altered gravitropic sensitivity in P-stressed roots, resulting in a shallower root system, is a positive adaptive response to low P availability by reducing inter-root competition within the same plant and by concentrating root activity in soil domains with the greatest P availability.
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    Plant and soil 218 (2000), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ectomycorrhiza ; phosphorus ; Paxillus ; Suillus ; weathering ; ergosterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The role of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in increasing apatite dissolution was tested in a pot system with Pinus sylvestris (L.) seedlings growing in a sand/peat mixture. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings and seedlings inoculated with one of three different isolates of EM fungi were grown for 210 days in pots divided into a root-containing and a root-free compartment. The EM mycelium was allowed to colonise the root-free compartment, to which apatite had been added as a P source in half of the pots. All mineral nutrients except P were supplied in the form of a balanced nutrient solution. Seedlings grown with apatite as their P source grew significantly better and had higher P concentrations (1.1–1.5 mg/g) compared with seedlings growing without any P source (0.6–1.0 mg/g), indicating that they were able to use apatite-P. A weathering budget based on P uptake indicated that 6.7–18.9 mg apatite was weathered per pot which corresponds to 0.3–0.9% of the added apatite. A similar budget based on Sr uptake indicated that the apatite weathering rate was lower (0.13-0.3%). One Suillus variegatus isolate and an unidentified fungus had a significant positive influence on the dissolution of apatite, while another S. variegatus isolate had colonised roots poorly and did not influence weathering significantly. Oxalic acid was detected in root-free soil and was especially abundant in compartments colonised by S. variegatus. The concentration of oxalic acid was correlated to the concentration of phosphate in the soil solution of root-free soil, indicating that oxalic acid influences apatite dissolution.
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    Plant and soil 219 (2000), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: decomposition ; litter quality ; mycorrhiza ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; saprotrophic microorganisms ; tannins ; forest soils ; acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied variation in forest floor thickness in four plantations of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) which were similar in age, soil type and associated vegetation. The plantations were located (west to east) in the Clear Creek, Moshannon, Sproul and Tiadaghton State Forests of Pennsylvania, USA. A gradient in forest floor thickness exists across these plantations; the forest floor is thickest in the west and it becomes progressively thinner toward the east. Decomposition of imported litter increased from west to east, suggesting that the variation in forest floor thickness is related to variation in the rate of decomposition. Decomposition rates were related to saprotroph abundance. Variation in forest floor N and phenolic concentrations, in overall mycorrhiza density and in the relative proportions of three common mycorrhiza morphotypes could not explain the variation in decomposition rate. The P concentrations and pH of the forest floor were significantly lower at Clear Creek and Moshannon, where decomposition rates were lowest, compared to Sproul and Tiadaghton, where decomposition rates were most rapid. This suggests that P concentration and pH may have exerted some control on decomposition.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: light interception ; phosphorus ; radiation-use efficiency ; yield components ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Biomass accumulation by crops depends on both light interception by leaves and on the efficiency with which the intercepted light is used to produce dry matter. Our aim was to identify which of these processes were affected for maize (Zea mays L., cv Volga) field crops grown under phosphorus (P) deficiency. In the preceding paper (Plénet et al., 2000), it was shown that P deficiency severely reduced leaf growth. In this paper, the effect of P deficiency on the radiation-use efficiency (RUE) was investigated. The experimental work was carried out in 1995, 1996 and 1997 on a long-term P fertilisation trial located on a sandy soil in the south-west of France. Three P fertilisation regimes have been applied since 1972: no- P (P0 treatment) and different rates of P fertiliser (P1.5: 1.5 times the grain P export and P3: 3 times the grain P export). These fertilisation regimes have led to contrasted levels of soil P supply. Only slight differences were observed between the P1.5 and P3 treatment for above-ground biomass accumulation and grain yield. Conversely the grain yield was significantly reduced in P0 (−11%). Above-ground biomass production was severely reduced, with the maximum difference between treatment (−60% in P0) occurring between 400 and 600 °C days after sowing. The lower biomass production in P0 was accounted for by the reduced amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the canopy, which was itself the consequence of the reduced leaf area index (see Plénet et al., 2000). The calculated RUE were found to depend on the plant stage, especially during the pre-flowering period, and on the average air temperature. No effect of P deficiency was observed on the calculated RUE, even during the period when above-ground biomass accumulation was the most severely reduced. These results obtained in field crop conditions strengthen the idea that P deficiency affects plant growth, especially leaf growth, earlier and to a greater extent than photosynthesis per unit leaf area.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deciduous tree ; foliar pigmentation ; fungus ; litter mass loss ; nitrogen ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that there is a causal connection between autumn colour, nutrient concentration and decomposibility of fresh leaf litter. Samples from patches of different autumn colours within the leaves of the deciduous tree sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were sealed into litter bags and incubated for one winter in an outdoor leaf mould bed. Green leaf patches were decomposed faster than yellow or brown patches and this corresponded with the higher N and P concentrations in the former. Black patches, indicating colonisation by the tar spot fungus Rhytisma acerinum, were particularly high in P, but were decomposed very slowly, owing probably to resource immobilisation by the fungus. The results supported the hypothesis and were consistent with a previous study reporting an interspecific link between autumn coloration and decomposition rate. Autumn leaf colour of deciduous woody plants may serve as a useful predictor of litter decomposibility in ecosystem or biome scale studies where extensive direct measurements of litter chemistry and decomposition are not feasible.
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    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 199-210 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Histochemical staining ; mineral nutrition ; phosphorus ; stress ; vital staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphatase activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has attracted attention in three fairly distinct domains: intracellular enzymes with defined metabolic functions that have been studied in intraradical hyphae, histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of fungal activity measured both intra- and extraradically, and extracellular activity related to mineralization of organic P (Po) compounds that may enhance mycorrhizal utilization of an important nutrient pool in soil. This review focuses on the latter subjects with emphasis on extraradical mycelium (ERM), while it draws on selected data from the vast material available concerning phosphatases of other organisms. We conclude that histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase is a sensitive and suitable method for monitoring the effect of adverse conditions encountered by ERM both as a symbiotically functional entity in soil, and in vitro without modifying interference of soil or other solid substrates. Furthermore, the quantitative importance of extracellular enzymes for P nutrition of AM plants is estimated to be insignificant. This is concluded from the low quantitative contribution extracellular hyphae of AM fungi give to the total phosphatase activity in soil, and from estimations of which processes that may be rate limiting in organic P mineralization. Maximum values for the former is in the order of a few percent. As for the latter, solubilization of Po seems to be far more important than Po hydrolysis for utilization of Po by AM fungi and plants, as both endogenous soil phosphatase activity and phosphatases of other soil organisms are ubiquitous and abundant. Our discussion of mycorrhizal phosphatases supports the view that extracellular phosphatases of roots and micro-organisms are to a large extent released incidentally into soil, and that the source has limited benefit from its activity.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chilling ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; nutrient ; phosphorus ; photosynthesis ; starvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The experiments were conducted on two tomato cultivars: Garbo and Robin. Mineral starvation due to plant growth in 20-fold diluted nutrient solution (DNS) combined with chilling reduced the rate of photosynthesis (P N) and stomatal conductance (g) to a greater extent than in plants grown in full nutrient solution (FNS). In phosphate-starved tomato plants the P N rate and stomatal conductance decreased more after chilling than in plants grown on FNS. In low-P plants even 2 days after chilling the recovery of CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance was low. A resupply of phosphorus to low-P plants (low P + P) did not improve the rate of photosynthesis in non-chilled plants (NCh) but prevented PN inhibition in chilled (Ch) plants. The greatest effect of P resupply was expressed as a better recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, especially in non-chilled low P + P plants. The F v/F m (ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence) decreased more during P starvation than as an effect of chilling. Supplying phosphorus to low-P plants caused the slight increase in the F v/F mratio. In conclusion, after a short-term chilling in darkness a much more drastic inhibition of photosynthesis was observed in nutrient-starved or P-insufficient tomato plants than in plants from FNS. This inhibition was caused by the decrease in both photochemical efficiency of photosystems and the reduction of stomatal conductance. The presented results support the hypothesis that tomato plants with limited supply of mineral nutrients or phosphorus are more susceptible to chilling.
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    Hydrobiologia 431 (2000), S. 135-153 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; wetlands ; biomass ; phosphorus ; nitrogen fixation ; alkaline phosphatase ; Belize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial mats are important components of oligotrophic wetland ecosystems in the limestone-based regions of the Caribbean. Our goals were to: (1) Estimate the biomass and primary production of cyanobacterial mats, quantify the extent of nitrogen fixation and measure the activity of alkaline phosphatase (APA) in representative marshes of northern Belize; (2) Record changes in these variables following nutrient additions. The mat biomass ranged from 200 to 700 g m−2 AFDM, with the epipelon contributing up to 87% of the total. Tissue nitrogen was similar in all marshes (1.1–1.5%), while tissue phosphorus was extremely low (0.0055–0.0129%) and well correlated with the N:P ratio in water. Nitrogen fixation expressed as nitrogenase activity was high in some marshes (17.5 nmol C2H4 cm−2 h−1) and low (〈 5 nmol C2H4 cm−2 h−1) in others depending mainly on the proportion of heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria (Nostocales, Stigonematales) in the mat. Alkaline phosphatase activity was positively correlated with the N:P ratio of the mat. Experimental addition of phosphorus resulted in significant increase in primary production and nitrogen fixation while it suppressed the APA activity. The presented data clearly showed that oligotrophic marshes of northern Belize are strongly P limited. Increased input of phosphorus would profoundly change their structure and functions.
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  • 92
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    Biogeochemistry 49 (2000), S. 37-51 
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizae/Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM/VAM) ; annual grasslands ; benomyl ; nitrogen limitation ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient availability limits plant production acrossa wide range of terrestrial ecosystems. In this studyof a Californian annual grassland community, theinfluence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associationson plant nutrient acquisition was investigated usingfactorial combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)and benomyl fungicide. N additions resulted in asignificant increase in shoot biomass demonstratingthat plant productivity in these soils was N-limited. The effect of P additions consistently depended onfungicide treatment. In the absence of benomyl, shootP accumulation was unaltered by P addition. In thepresence of benomyl, P addition significantlyincreased shoot P accumulation and was associated witha consistent trend towards enhanced shoot biomass.The induction of P-deficiency with benomylapplication suggests that effective P acquisition byAM may contribute to the strong N-limitation ofproduction observed in many terrestrial ecosystems.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Bouteloua eriopoda ; Chihuahuan Desert ; desertification ; hydrology ; Larrea tridentata ; nitrogen ; nutrient budgets ; phosphorus ; runoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Losses of dissolved nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na,Cl, and SO4) in runoff were measured on grasslandand shrubland plots in the Chihuahuan desert ofsouthern New Mexico. Runoff began at a lowerthreshold of rainfall in shrublands than ingrasslands, and the runoff coefficient averaged 18.6%in shrubland plots over a 7-year period. In contrast,grassland plots lost 5.0 to 6.3% of incidentprecipitation in runoff during a 5.5-year period. Nutrient losses from shrubland plots were greater thanfrom grassland plots, with nitrogen losses averaging0.33 kg ha−1 yr−1 vs0.15 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, during a 3-year period. Thegreater nutrient losses in shrublands were due tohigher runoff, rather than higher nutrientconcentrations in runoff. In spite of these nutrientlosses in runoff, all plots showed net accumulationsof most elements due to inputs from atmosphericdeposition. Therefore, loss of soil nutrients byhillslope runoff cannot, by itself, account for thedepletion of soil fertility associated withdesertification in the Chihuahuan desert.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-1618
    Keywords: grassland soils ; mapping ; phosphorus ; potassium ; sampling strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Unlike the situation for arable soils, virtually nothing is known about the spatial dependencies of soil properties in cool temperate grassland or about what the optimal sampling strategies ought to be for mapping soil nutrient distributions in such situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability in ‘plant-available’ (soil) phosphorus and potassium in a grass silage field in Northern Ireland and devise ‘optimal’ sampling strategies for mapping their distributions. Soil samples were collected from the field at 25 m intervals in a regular rectangular grid to provide a database of soil properties. Different data combinations were subsequently abstracted from this database for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated soil maps. Soil potassium displayed greater spatial variability than soil phosphorus. In keeping with this observation, the results of three separate statistical procedures demonstrated that the optimal sample size for estimating the ‘true’ population means was about twice as large for soil potassium as for soil phosphorus. Optimal sampling strategies, however, related not just to sample size but to sample combination and field shape as well.
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  • 95
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: phosphorus ; P ; dairy farming ; systems research ; environment ; pollution ; soil fertility ; sandy soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the sandy regions of the Netherlands water quality is threatened by high losses of nutrients from intensive dairy farms. About 67% (32 kg ha-1yr-1) of farm inputs of P in purchased feeds and fertilisers do not leave in milk or cattle. The Dutch government defined decreasing maximum permitted nutrient surplusses for the period 1998–2008, at 9 kg ha-1yr-1 for P. Farmers suppose that reducing the surplusses will be costly, because it limits application of slurry, which then has to be either exported or additional land has to be purchased. Moreover, farmers are worried about the impact on soil fertility and crop growth. To explore the possibilities of reducing surplusses by improved management, farming systems research is carried out at prototype farm ‘De Marke’. Results indicate that average intensive dairy farms can reduce P surplus sufficiently, without the need to buy land or to export slurry. Key factors are reductions in purchased feeds (by reduced needs per kg milk as a result of a higher milk yield per cow, less young stock and judicious feeding) and fertilisers (by improved management of ‘home-made’ manure and an increased maize area). Initially, P fertility status of the fields of ‘De Marke’ decreased, but stabilised in the seventh year at a level not restrictive to crop production.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: biomass transfer ; integrated nutrient management ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tithonia diversifolia, a shrub in the family Asteraceae, is widely distributed along farm boundaries in the humid and subhumid tropics of Africa. Green biomass of tithonia has been recognized as an effective source of nutrients for lowland rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia and more recently for maize (Zea mays) and vegetables in eastern and southern Africa. This paper reviews the potential of tithonia green biomass for soil fertility improvement based on recent research in western Kenya. Green leaf biomass of tithonia is high in nutrients, averaging about 3.5% N, 0.37% P and 4.1% K on a dry matter basis. Boundary hedges of sole tithonia can produce about 1 kg biomass (tender stems + leaves) m−1 yr−1 on a dry weight basis. Tithonia biomass decomposes rapidly after application to soil, and incorporated biomass can be an effective source of N, P and K for crops. In some cases, maize yields were even higher with incorporation of tithonia biomass than with commercial mineral fertilizer at equivalent rates of N, P and K. In addition to providing nutrients, tithonia incorporated at 5 t dry matter ha−1 can reduce P sorption and increase soil microbial biomass. Because of high labor requirements for cutting and carrying the biomass to fields, the use of tithonia biomass as a nutrient source is more profitable with high-value crops such as vegetables than with relatively low-valued maize. The transfer of tithonia biomass to fields constitutes the redistribution of nutrients within the landscape rather than a net input of nutrients. External inputs of nutrients would eventually be required to sustain production of tithonia when biomass is continually cut and transferred to agricultural land.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ; phosphorus ; phosphorus-use efficiency ; retranslocation ; specific absorption rate ; spring-stock ; stock-type ; summer-stock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One-year-old interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry) spring-stock and summer-stock were grown under two phosphorus (P) fertility regimes, with (+P) or without (−P), followed by a simulated winter, and a second growing period under an adequate fertility regime in a controlled environment room. The two stock-types differed in their response to low P availability. For spring-stock, morphological development, phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) and P specific absorption rate (SAR) were similar between −P and +P seedlings. For summer-stock, −P seedlings compared to +P seedlings had lower (p ≤ 0.05) morphological development, but greater PUE and SAR. For both stock-types, P content increased in +P seedlings, remained low in −P seedlings, and P concentration decreased in nursery-needles (i.e., formed in the nursery) of −P seedlings. The difference in stock-type response to low phosphorus availability (−P) was attributed to internal supply of P and it's retranslocation. Assimilation (A) of CO2 in nursery-needles was similar between −P and +P seedlings for both stock-types. For spring-stock, +P seedlings had greater A in new-needles (i.e., needles formed during the trial) than −P seedlings. It was recommended that the spring-stock be selected over summer-stock for sites low in P availability.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Andisol ; phosphatases ; phosphorus ; roots ; VA mycorrhiza ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus deficiency is a major yield limiting constraint in wheat cultivation on acid soils. The plant factors that influence P uptake efficiency (PUPE) are mainly associated with root characteristics. This study was conducted to analyze the genotypic differences and relationships between PUPE, root length density (RLD), colonization by vesicular arbuscular and arbuscular mycorrhizal (V)AM fungi and root excretion of phosphatases in a P-deficient Andisol in the Central Mexican Highlands. Forty-two semidwarf spring-bread-wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes from CIMMYT were grown without (−P) and with P fertilization (+P), and subsequently in subsets of 30 and 22 genotypes in replicated field trials over 2 and 3 years, respectively. Acid phosphatase activity at the root surface (APASE) was analyzed in accompanying greenhouse experiments in nutrient solution. In this environment, PUPE contributed more than P utilization efficiency, in one experiment almost completely, to the variation of grain yield among genotypes. Late-flowering genotypes were higher yielding, because the postanthesis period of wheat was extended due to the cold weather at the end of the crop cycles, and postanthesis P uptake accounted for 40–45% of total P uptake. PUPE was positively correlated with the numbers of days to anthesis (at −P r=0.57 and at +P r=0.73). The RLD in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm) of the wheat germplasm tested ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 cm cm-3 at –P and 0.7 to 7.7 at +P. RLD was the most important root trait for improved P absorption, and it was positively genetically correlated with PUPE (at –P r=0.42 and at +P r=0.63) and the number of spikes m-2 (at –P r=0.58 and at +P r=0.36). RLD in the upper soil layer was more important with P fertilizer application. Without P fertilization, root proliferation in the deeper soil profile secured access to residual, native P in the deeper soil layer. (V)AM-colonisation and APASE were to a lesser degree correlated with PUPE. Among genoptypes, the level of (V)AM-colonisation ranged from 14 to 32% of the RLD in the upper soil layer, and APASE from 0.5 to 1.1 nmol s-1 plant-1 10-2.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; defoliation ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sheep urine ; soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the temporal changes in the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and P and N components in soil solution following application of synthetic sheep urine (500 kg N ha-1) to a brown forest soil in boxes sown with Agrostis capillaris. Three contrasting defoliation treatments (no cutting, single cut before urine application and regular cutting twice per week) plus a fallow soil were studied. The synthetic urine contained 15N labelled urea and was P-free. Intact soil cores were taken after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 56 d and centrifuged to obtain soil solution. The urea in the synthetic urine was rapidly hydrolysed in the soil, increasing soil solution pH, DOC and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) concentrations. For the regularly defoliated sward, DOC and P reached maximum concentrations (4000 mg DOC L-1 and 59 mg TDP L-1) on day 7. From their peak values, pH and DOC and P concentrations generally decreased with time and at day 56 were near those of the control. Concentrations of NH4 + and NO3 - in the no-urine treatments fluctuated and the greatest treatment differences were between the fallow soil and the soil sown with grass. Adding synthetic urine increased NH4 + concentrations during the first week, but NO3 - concentrations decreased. This was consistent with the 15N labelling of the NO3 - pool which required 3 weeks to reach that of 15NH4 +. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) reached a maximum value at day 7 with a concentration of 409 mg N L-1. The DON in soil solution contained no detectable amounts of 15N label indicating that it was derived from sources in the soil. Differences in soil solution composition related to the effect of the other cutting treatments and the fallow treatment were small compared to the effect of synthetic urine addition.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anion/cation uptake ; cowpea ; millet ; phosphorus ; rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment with millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and groundnut (Arachnis hypogeae L.) was conducted on severely P-deficient acid sandy soils of Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso to measure changes in pH and nutrient availability as affected by distance from the root surface and by mineral fertiliser application. Treatments included three rates of phosphorus (P) and four levels of nitrogen (N) application. Bulk, rhizosphere and rhizoplane soils were sampled at 35, 45 and 75 DAS in 1997 and at 55 and 65 DAS in 1998. Regardless of the cropping system and level of mineral fertiliser applied, soil pH consistently increased between 0.7 and two units from the bulk soil to the rhizoplane of millet. Similar pH gradients were observed in cowpea, but pH changes were much smaller in sorghum with a difference of only 0.3 units. Shifts in pH led to large increases in nutrient availability close to the roots. Compared with the bulk soil, available P in the rhizoplane was between 190 and 270% higher for P-Bray and between 360 and 600% higher for P-water. Exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels were also higher in the millet rhizoplane than in the bulk soil, whereas exchangeable aluminium (Al) levels decreased with increasing pH close to the root surface. The results suggest an important role of root-induced pH increases for crops to cope with acidity-induced nutrient deficiency and Al stress of soils in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa.
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