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  • 1
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    University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4861 | 130 | 2011-09-29 15:47:49 | 4861 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The possible ecological effects of suspended sediments are manifold. Briefly, suspended sediments may cause an increased surface for microorganism growth, fewer temperature fluctuations, chemical adsorption orabsorption, blanketing, mechanical-abrasive actions, and light penetration reduction (Cairns, 1968). Sherk and Cronin (1970) have pointed out that the above effects have been little studied in the estuarine environment. The ecological effects of suspended sediments on fish eggs and larvae may be of prime importance t o the C and D Canal area, an important spawning and primary nursery area for a variety of estuary: e species (Johnson,1972). This section discusses the effects of suspended sediment on the eggs and larvae of striped bass and white perch.
    Description: Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Engineering ; Fisheries ; Chesapeake ; Canal ; Natural Resources Institute ; Striped Bass ; White Perch ; Delaware
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3112 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:51:50 | 3112 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The ACT workshop "Enabling Sensor Interoperability" addressed the need for protocols at thehardware, firmware, and higher levels in order to attain instrument interoperability within and betweenocean observing systems. For the purpose of the workshop, participants spoke in tern of "instruments" rather than "sensors," defining an instrument as a device that contains one or more sensors or actuators and can convert signals from analog to digital.An increase in the abundance, variety, and complexity of instruments and observing systems suggeststhat effective standards would greatly improve "plug-and-work" capabilities. However, there are few standards or standards bodies that currently address instrument interoperability and configuration.Instrument interoperability issues span the length and breadth of these systems, from the measurementto the end user, including middleware services. There are three major components of instrumentinteroperability including physical, communication, and application/control layers. Participantsidentified the essential issues, current obstacles, and enabling technologies and standards,then came up with a series of short and long term solutions.The top three recommended actions, deemed achievable within 6 months of the release of thisreport are:A list of recommendations for enabling instrument interoperability should be put togetherand distributed to instrument developers.A recommendation for funding sources to achieve instrument interoperability should bedrafted. Funding should be provided (for example through NOPP or an IOOS request forproposals) to develop and demonstrate instrument interoperability technologies involvinginstrument manufacturers, observing system operators, and cyberinfrastructure groups.Program managers should be identified and made to understand that milestones for achievinginstrument interoperability include a) selection of a methodology for uniquely identifyingan instrument, b) development of a common protocol for automatic instrumentdiscovery, c) agreement on uniform methods for measurements, d) enablement of end usercontrolled power cycling, and e) implementation of a registry component for IDS and attributes.The top three recommended actions, deemed achievable within S years of the release of this reportare:An ocean observing interoperability standards body should be established that addresses standards for a) metadata, b) commands, c) protocols, d) processes, e) exclusivity, and f)naming authorities.[PDF contains 48 pages]
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 3
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3115 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:01 | 3115
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The co-organized Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)Workshop "Meteorological Buoy Sensors Workshop" convened in Solomons, Maryland, April 19to 21,2006, sponsored by the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES)Chesapeake Bay Laboratory (CBL), an ACT partner institution. Participants from various sectorsincluding resource managers and industry representatives collaborated to focus on technologies andsensors that measure the near surface variables of wind speed and direction, barometric pressure,humidity and air temperature. The vendor list was accordingly targeted at companies that producedthese types of sensors. The managers represented a cross section of federal, regional and academicmarine observing interests from around the country. Workshop discussions focused on the challengesassociated with making marine meteorological observations in general and problems that werespecific to a particular variable. Discussions also explored methods to mitigate these challengesthrough the adoption of best practices, improved technologies and increased standardization. Someof the key workshop outcomes and recommendations included:0cean.US should establish a committee devoted to observations. The committee wouldhave a key role in developing observing standards.The community should adopt the target cost, reliability and performance standards draftedfor a typical meteorological package to be used by a regional observing system.A forum should be established to allow users and manufacturers to share best practicesfor the employment of marine meteorological sensors. The ACT website would host theforum.Federal activities that evaluate meteorological sensors should make their results publiclyavailable.ACT should extend their evaluation process to include meteorological sensors.A follow on workshop should be conducted that covers the observing of meteorologicalvariables not addressed by this workshop. (pdf contains 18 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 4
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3114 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:51:58 | 3114 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) convened a workshop on Evaluating Approaches and Technologies for Monitoring Organic Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment in Ann Arbor, MI on July 21-23, 2006. The primary objectives of this workshop were to: 1) identify the priority management information needs relative to organic contaminant loading; 2) explore themost appropriate approaches to estimating mass loading; and 3) evaluate the current status of thesensor technology. To meet these objectives, a mixture of leading research scientists, resourcemanagers, and industry representatives were brought together for a focused two-day workshop.The workshop featured four plenary talks followed by breakout sessions in which arranged groupsof participants where charged to respond to a series of focused discussion questions.At present, there are major concerns about the inadequacies in approaches and technologies forquantifying mass emissions and detection of organic contaminants for protecting municipal watersupplies and receiving waters. Managers use estimates of land-based contaminant loadings torivers, lakes, and oceans to assess relative risk among various contaminant sources, determinecompliance with regulatory standards, and define progress in source reduction. However, accuratelyquantifying contaminant loading remains a major challenge. Loading occurs over a range ofhydrologic conditions, requiring measurement technologies that can accommodate a broad rangeof ambient conditions. In addition, in situ chemical sensors that provide a means for acquiringcontinuous concentration measurements are still under development, particularly for organic contaminantsthat typically occur at low concentrations. Better approaches and strategies for estimatingcontaminant loading, including evaluations of both sampling design and sensor technologies,need to be identified. The following general recommendations were made in an effort to advancefuture organic contaminant monitoring:1. Improve the understanding of material balance in aquatic systems and the relationship betweenpotential surrogate measures (e.g., DOC, chlorophyll, particle size distribution) and target constituents.2. Develop continuous real-time sensors to be used by managers as screening measures and triggersfor more intensive monitoring.3. Pursue surrogate measures and indicators of organic pollutant contamination, such as CDOM,turbidity, or non-equilibrium partitioning.4. Develop continuous field-deployable sensors for PCBs, PAHs, pyrethroids, and emerging contaminantsof concern and develop strategies that couple sampling approaches with tools that incorporatesensor synergy (i.e., measure appropriate surrogates along with the dissolved organics toallow full mass emission estimation).[PDF contains 20 pages]
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Environment ; Chemistry
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  • 5
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3123 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:46 | 3123 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: (pdf contains 23 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 6
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3118 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:37 | 3118 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop "Making Oxygen MeasurementsRoutine Like Temperature" was convened in St. Petersburg, Florida, January 4th - 6th, 2006. Thisevent was sponsored by the University of South Florida (USF) College of Marine Science, anACT partner institution and co-hosted by the Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks(ORION). Participants from researcldacademia, resource management, industry, and engineeringsectors collaborated with the aim to foster ideas and information on how to make measuringdissolved oxygen a routine part of a coastal or open ocean observing system.Plans are in motion to develop large scale ocean observing systems as part of the US IntegratedOcean Observing System (100s; see http://ocean.us) and the NSF Ocean Observatory Initiative(001; see http://www.orionprogram.org/00I/default.hl). These systems will require biologicaland chemical sensors that can be deployed in large numbers, with high reliability, and forextended periods of time (years). It is also likely that the development cycle for new sensors issufficiently long enough that completely new instruments, which operate on novel principles,cannot be developed before these complex observing systems will be deployed. The most likelypath to development of robust, reliable, high endurance sensors in the near future is to movethe current generation of sensors to a much greater degree of readiness. The ACT OxygenSensor Technology Evaluation demonstrated two important facts that are related to the need forsensors. There is a suite of commercially available sensors that can, in some circumstances,generate high quality data; however, the evaluation also showed that none of the sensors were ableto generate high quality data in all circumstances for even one month time periods due tobiofouling issues.Many groups are attempting to use oxygen sensors in large observing programs; however, thereoften seems to be limited communication between these groups and they often do not have accessto sophisticated engineering resources. Instrument manufacturers also do not have sufficientresources to bring sensors, which are marketable, but of limited endurance or reliability, to ahigher state of readiness. The goal of this ACT/ORION Oxygen Sensor Workshop was to bringtogether a group of experienced oceanographers who are now deploying oxygen sensors inextended arrays along with a core of experienced and interested academic and industrialengineers, and manufacturers. The intended direction for this workshop was for this group toexchange information accumulated through a variety of sensor deployments, examine failuremechanisms and explore a variety of potential solutions to these problems. One anticipatedoutcome was for there to be focused recommendations to funding agencies on development needsand potential solutions for 02 sensors. (pdf contains 19 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 7
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3106 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:51:19 | 3106 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop on Towed Vehicles: Undulating PlatformsAs Tools for Mapping Coastal Processes and Water Quality Assessment was convenedFebruary 5-7,2007 at The Embassy Suites Hotel, Seaside, California and sponsored by the ACT-PacificCoast partnership at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML). The TUV workshopwas co-chaired by Richard Burt (Chelsea Technology Group) and Stewart Lamerdin (MLMLMarine Operations). Invited participants were selected to provide a uniform representation of theacademic researchers, private sector product developers, and existing and potential data productusers from the resource management community to enable development of broad consensus opinionson the application of TUV platforms in coastal resource assessment and management.The workshop was organized to address recognized limitations of point-based monitoring programs,which, while providing valuable data, are incapable of describing the spatial heterogeneityand the extent of features distributed in the bulk solution. This is particularly true as surveysapproach the coastal zone where tidal and estuarine influences result in spatially and temporallyheterogeneous water masses and entrained biological components. Aerial or satellite based remotesensing can provide an assessment of the aerial extent of plumes and blooms, yet provide no informationregarding the third dimension of these features. Towed vehicles offer a cost-effectivesolution to this problem by providing platforms, which can sample in the horizontal, vertical, andtime-based domains. Towed undulating vehicles (henceforth TUVs) represent useful platformsfor event-response characterization. This workshop reviewed the current status of towed vehicletechnology focusing on limitations of depth, data telemetry, instrument power demands, and shiprequirements in an attempt to identify means to incorporate such technology more routinely inmonitoring and event-response programs. Specifically, the participants were charged to addressthe following: (1) Summarize the state of the art in TUV technologies; (2) Identify how TUVplatforms are used and how they can assist coastal managers in fulfilling their regulatory and managementresponsibilities; (3) Identify barriers and challenges to the application of TUV technologiesin management and research activities, and (4) Recommend a series of community actions toovercome identified barriers and challenges.A series of plenary presentation were provided to enhance subsequent breakout discussions bythe participants. Dave Nelson (University of Rhode Island) provided extensive summaries andreal-world assessment of the operational features of a variety of TUV platforms available in theUNOLs scientific fleet. Dr. Burke Hales (Oregon State University) described the modification ofTUV to provide a novel sampling platform for high resolution mapping of chemical distributionsin near real time. Dr. Sonia Batten (Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences) providedan overview on the deployment of specialized towed vehicles equipped with rugged continuousplankton recorders on ships of opportunity to obtain long-term, basin wide surveys of zooplanktoncommunity structure, enhancing our understanding of trends in secondary production in the upperocean. [PDF contains 32 pages]
    Description: NOAA
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment ; Planning
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  • 8
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3111 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:51:47 | 3111 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) convened a Workshop on "Recent Developments in In Situ Nutrient Sensors: Applications and Future Directions" from 11-13 December, 2006. The workshop was held at the Georgia Coastal Center in Savannah, Georgia, with local coordination provided by the ACT partner at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (University System of Georgia). Since its formation in 2000, ACT partners have been conducting workshops on various sensor technologies and supporting infrastructure for sensor systems. This was the first workshop to revisit a topic area addressed previously by ACT.An earlier workshop on the "State of Technology in the Development and Application of Nutrient Sensors" was held in Savannah, Georgia from 10-12 March, 2003. Participants in the first workshop included representatives from management, industry, and research sectors. Among the topics addressed at the first workshop were characteristics of "ideal" in situ nutrient sensors, particularly with regard to applications in coastal marine waters.In contrast, the present workshop focused on the existing commercial solutions. The in situ nutrient sensor technologies that appear likely to remain the dominant commercial options for the next decade are reagent-based in situ auto-analyzers (or fluidics systems) and an optical approach (spectrophotometric measurement of nitrate). The number of available commercial systems has expanded since 2003, and community support for expanded application and further development of these technologies appears warranted. Application in coastal observing systems, including freshwater as well as estuarine and marine environments, was a focus of the present workshop.This included discussion of possible refinements for sustained deployments as part of integrated instrument packages and means to better promote broader use of nutrient sensors in observing system and management applications. The present workshop also made a number of specific recommendations concerning plans for a demonstration of in situ nutrient sensor technologies that ACT will be conducting in coordination with sensor manufacturers.[PDF contains 40 pages]
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 9
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3120 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:40 | 3120 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: A three day workshop on turbidity measurements was held at the Hawaii Institute of MarineBiology from August 3 1 to September 2, 2005. The workshop was attended by 30 participantsfrom industry, coastal management agencies, and academic institutions. All groups recognizedcommon issues regarding the definition of turbidity, limitations of consistent calibration, and thelarge variety of instrumentation that nominally measure "turbidity." The major recommendations,in order of importance for the coastal monitoring community are listed below:1. The community of users in coastal ecosystems should tighten instrument designconfigurations to minimize inter-instrument variability, choosing a set of specificationsthat are best suited for coastal waters. The IS0 7027 design standard is not tight enough.Advice on these design criteria should be solicited through the ASTM as well as Federaland State regulatory agencies representing the majority of turbidity sensor end users.Parties interested in making turbidity measurements in coastal waters should developdesign specifications for these water types rather than relying on design standards madefor the analysis of drinking water.2. The coastal observing groups should assemble a community database relating output ofspecific sensors to different environmental parameters, so that the entire community ofusers can benefit from shared information. This would include an unbiased, parallel studyof different turbidity sensors, employing a variety of designs and configuration in thebroadest range of coastal environments.3. Turbidity should be used as a measure of relative change in water quality rather than anabsolute measure of water quality. Thus, this is a recommendation for managers todevelop their own local calibrations. See next recommendation.4. If the end user specifically wants to use a turbidity sensor to measure a specific waterquality parameter such as suspended particle concentration, then direct measurement ofthat water quality parameter is necessary to correlate with 'turbidity1 for a particularenvironment. These correlations, however, will be specific to the environment in whichthey are measured. This works because there are many environments in which watercomposition is relatively stable but varies in magnitude or concentration. (pdf contains 22 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Engineering ; Environment
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  • 10
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3119 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:39 | 3119 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop entitled "Technologies for MeasuringCurrents in Coastal Environments" was held in Portland, Maine, October 26-28, 2005, withsponsorship by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GoMOOS), an ACT partnerorganization. The primary goals of the event were to summarize recent trends in nearshoreresearch and management applications for current meter technologies, identify how currentmeters can assist coastal managers to fulfill their regulatory and management objectives, and torecommend actions to overcome barriers to use of the technologies. The workshop was attendedby 25 participants representing state and federal environmental management agencies,manufacturers of current meter technologies, and researchers from academic institutions andprivate industry.Common themes that were discussed during the workshop included 1) advantages and limitationsof existing current measuring equipment, 2) reliability and ease of use with each instrument type,3) data decoding and interpretation procedures, and 4) mechanisms to facilitate better training andguidance to a broad user group. Seven key recommendations, which were ranked in order ofimportance during the last day of the workshop are listed below.1. Forums should be developed to facilitate the exchange of information among users andindustry:a) On-line forums that not only provide information on specific instruments andtechnologies, but also provide an avenue for the exchange of user experiences withvarious instruments (i.e. problems encountered, cautions, tips, advantages, etc). (seeReferences for manufacturer websites with links to application and technical forums atend of report)b) Regional training/meetings for operational managers to exchange ideas on methods formeasuring currents and evaluating data.c) Organize mini-meetings or tutorial sessions within larger conference venues.2. A committee of major stakeholders should be convened to develop common standards(similar to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) committee) thatenable users to switch sensors without losing software or display capabilities. (pdf contains 28 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Engineering ; Environment
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  • 11
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3124 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:48 | 3124 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) held a Workshop on Sensor Technology forAssessing Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in the Coastal Zone on March 7 to 9,2005 inSavannah, GA. The main goal of the workshop was to summarize the general parameters, whichhave been found to be useful in assessing groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions in thecoastal zone. The workshop participants (Appendix I) were specifically charged with identifyingthe types of sensor systems, if any, that have been used to obtain time-series data and to makeknown which parameters may be the most amenable to the development/application of sensortechnology. The group consisted of researchers, industry representatives, and environmentalmanagers.Four general recommendations were made:1. Educate coastal managers and agencies on the importance of GW-SW interactions,keeping in mind that regulatory agencies are driven by a different set of rules thanresearchers: the focus is on understanding the significance of the problem and providingsolutions. ACT could facilitate this process in two ways. First, given that the researchliterature on this subject is fairly diffuse, ACT could provide links from its web site to factsheets or other literature. Second, ACT could organize a focused meeting for managersand/or agency groups.Encourage development of primary tools for quantifying flow. The most promisingtechnology in this respect is flow meters designed for flux chambers, mainly because theyshould be simple to use and can be made relatively inexpensively. However, it should bekept in mind that they provide only point measurements and several would need to bedeployed as a network in order to obtain reliable flow estimates. For evaluating systemwide GW-SW interactions, tools that integrate the signal over large areas would berequired. Suggestions include a user-friendly hydrogeologic models, keeping in mind thatfreshwater flow is not the entire story, or continuous radon monitors. Though the latterwould be slightly more difficult to use in terms of background knowledge, such aninstrument would be low power and easy to operate and maintain. ACT could facilitatethis recommendation by identifying funding opportunities on its web site and/orperforming evaluations of existing technologies that could be summarized on the web site. (pdf contains 18 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
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  • 12
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies(ACT) | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3109 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:51:40 | 3109 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop entitled, "Biological Platforms as Sensor Technologies and their Use as Indicators for the Marine Environment" was held in Seward, Alaska, September 19 - 21,2007. The workshop was co-hosted by the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) and the Alaska SeaLife Center (ASLC). The workshop was attended by 25 participants representing a wide range of research scientists, managers, and manufacturers who develop and deploy sensory equipment using aquatic vertebrates as the mode of transport.Eight recommendations were made by participants at the conclusion of the workshop and are presentedhere without prioritization:1. Encourage research toward development of energy scavenging devices of suitable sizes foruse in remote sensing packages attached to marine animals.2. Encourage funding sources for development of new sensor technologies and animal-bornetags.3. Develop animal-borne environmental sensor platforms that offer more combined systemsand improved data recovery methodologies, and expand the geographic scope of complementaryfixed sensor arrays.4. Engage the oceanographic community by:a. Offering a mini workshop at an AGU ocean sciences conference for people interestedin developing an ocean carbon program that utilizes animal-borne sensor technology.b. Outreach to chemical oceanographers.5. Min v2d6.sheepserver.net e and merge technologies from other disciplines that may be appliedto marine sensors (e.g. biomedical field).6. Encourage the NOAA Permitting Office to:a. Make a more predictable, reliable, and consistent permitting system for using animalplatforms.b. Establish an evaluation process.c. Adhere to established standards.7. Promote the expanded use of calibrated hydrophones as part of existing animal platforms.8. Encourage the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) to promote animal tracking aseffective samplers of the marine environment, and use of animals as ocean sensor technologyplatforms. [PDF contains 20 pages]
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Engineering ; Environment
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3117 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:04 | 3117 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop on Optical Remote Sensing of CoastalHabitats was convened January 9-11, 2006 at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in MossLanding, California, sponsored by the ACT West Coast regional partnership comprised of theMoss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI). The "Optical Remote Sensing of Coastal Habitats" (ORS) Workshop completesACT'S Remote Sensing Technology series by building upon the success of ACT'S West CoastRegional Partner Workshop "Acoustic Remote Sensing Technologies for Coastal Imaging andResource Assessment" (ACT 04-07). Drs. Paul Bissett of the Florida Environmental ResearchInstitute (FERI) and Scott McClean of Satlantic, Inc. were the ORS workshop co-chairs. Invitedparticipants were selected to provide a uniform representation of the academic researchers, privatesector product developers, and existing and potential data product users from the resource managementcommunity to enable development of broad consensus opinions on the role of ORS technologiesin coastal resource assessment and management.The workshop was organized to examine the current state of multi- and hyper-spectral imagingtechnologies with the intent to assess the current limits on their routine application for habitat classificationand resource monitoring of coastal watersheds, nearshore shallow water environments,and adjacent optically deep waters. Breakout discussions focused on the capabilities, advantages,and limitations of the different technologies (e.g., spectral & spatial resolution), as well as practicalissues related to instrument and platform availability, reliability, hardware, software, and technicalskill levels required to exploit the data products generated by these instruments. Specifically,the participants were charged to address the following: (1) Identify the types of ORS data productscurrently used for coastal resource assessment and how they can assist coastal managers in fulfillingtheir regulatory and management responsibilities; (2) Identify barriers and challenges to theapplication of ORS technologies in management and research activities; (3) Recommend a seriesof community actions to overcome identified barriers and challenges.Plenary presentations by Drs. Curtiss 0. Davis (Oregon State University) and Stephan Lataille(ITRES Research, Ltd.) provided background summaries on the varieties of ORS technologiesavailable, deployment platform options, and tradeoffs for application of ORS data products withspecific applications to the assessment of coastal zone water quality and habitat characterization.Dr. Jim Aiken (CASIX) described how multiscale ground-truth measurements were essential fordeveloping robust assessment of modeled biogeochemical interpretations derived from opticallybased earth observation data sets. While continuing improvements in sensor spectral resolution,signal to noise and dynamic range coupled with sensor-integrated GPS, improved processing algorithmsfor georectification, and atmospheric correction have made ORS data products invaluablesynoptic tools for oceanographic research, their adoption as management tools has lagged. SethBlitch (Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve) described the obvious needs for, yetsubstantial challenges hindering the adoption of advanced spectroscopic imaging data productsto supplement the current dominance of digital ortho-quad imagery by the resource managementcommunity, especially when they impinge on regulatory issues. (pdf contains 32 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3122 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:52:44 | 3122 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop on Trace Metal Sensors for CoastalMonitoring was convened April 11-13, 2005 at the Embassy Suites in Seaside, California withpartnership from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and the Monterey Bay AquariumResearch Institute (MBARI).Trace metals play many important roles in marine ecosystems. Due to their extreme toxicity, theeffects of copper, cadmium and certain organo-metallinc compounds (such as tributyltin andmethylmercury) have received much attention. Lately, the sublethal effects of metals onphytoplankton biochemistry, and in some cases the expression of neurotoxins (Domoic acid),have been shown to be important environmental forcing functions determining the compositionand gene expression in some groups. More recently the role of iron in controlling phytoplanktongrowth has led to an understanding of trace metal limitation in coastal systems. Although metalsplay an important role at many different levels, few technologies exist to provide rapid assessmentof metal concentrations or metal speciation in the coastal zone where metal-induced toxicity orpotential stimulation of harmful algal blooms, can have major economic impacts. This workshopfocused on the state of on-site and in situ trace element detection technologies, in terms of whatis currently working well and what is needed to effectively inform coastal zone managers, as wellas guide adaptive scientific sampling of the coastal zone. Specifically the goals of this workshopwere to: 1) summarize current regional requirements and future targets for metal monitoring infreshwater, estuarine and coastal environments; 2) evaluate the current status of metal sensors andpossibilities for leveraging emerging technologies for expanding detection limits and targetelements; and 3) help identify critical steps needed for and limits to operational deployment ofmetal sensors as part of routine water quality monitoring efforts.Following a series of breakout group discussions and overview talks on metal monitoringregulatory issues, analytical techniques and market requirements, workshop participants madeseveral recommendations for steps needed to foster development of in situ metal monitoringcapacities:1. Increase scientific and public awareness of metals of environmental and biologicalconcern and their impacts in aquatic environments. Inform scientific and publiccommunities regarding actual levels of trace metals in natural and perturbed systems.2. Identify multiple use applications (e.g., industrial waste steam and drinking water qualitymonitoring) to support investments in metal sensor development. (pdf contains 27 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Engineering ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Alliance for Coastal Technologies | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3239 | 130 | 2011-09-29 17:41:57 | 3239 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Future coastal management practices require that a holistic, ecosystem management approach beadopted. Coastal ecosystems, however, present a variety of specific and unique challengesrelative to open ocean systems. In particular, interactions with the seabed significantly influencethe coastal ecosystem. Observing technologies must be developed and employed to incorporateseafloor interactions, processes and habitat diversity into research and management activities.An ACT Workshop on Seabed Sensor Technology was held February 1-3, 2006 in Savannah,Georgia, to summarize the current state of sensor technologies applicable to examining andmonitoring the coastal seabed, including the near-bed benthic boundary layer and surfacesediment layer. Workshop participants were specifically charged to identify current sensors inuse, recommend improvements to these systems and to identify areas for future development andactivities that would advance the use of sensor technology in the observation, monitoring andmanagement of the coastal benthic environment. (pdf contains 23 pages)
    Description: NOAA
    Description: Alliance for Coastal Technologies, CBL/UMCES
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Engineering ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Polyamide thickness and roughness have been identified as critical properties that affect thin-film composite membrane performance for reverse osmosis. Conventional formation methodologies lack the ability to control these properties independently with high resolution or precision. An additive approach is presented that uses electrospraying to deposit monomers directly onto a substrate, where they react to form polyamide. The small droplet size coupled with low monomer concentrations result in polyamide films that are smoother and thinner than conventional polyamides, while the additive nature of the approach allows for control of thickness and roughness. Polyamide films are formed with a thickness that is controllable down to 4-nanometer increments and a roughness as low as 2 nanometers while still exhibiting good permselectivity relative to a commercial benchmarking membrane.
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2018-09-07
    Description: Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes are emerging as a promising energy-efficient separation technology. However, their reliable and scalable manufacturing remains a challenge. We demonstrate the fabrication of ZIF nanocomposite membranes by means of an all-vapor-phase processing method based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO in a porous support followed by ligand-vapor treatment. After ALD, the obtained nanocomposite exhibits low flux and is not selective, whereas after ligand-vapor (2-methylimidazole) treatment, it is partially transformed to ZIF and shows stable performance with high mixture separation factor for propylene over propane (an energy-intensive high-volume separation) and high propylene flux. Membrane synthesis through ligand-induced permselectivation of a nonselective and impermeable deposit is shown to be simple and highly reproducible and holds promise for scalability.
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Keywords: Engineering
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Insects are among the most agile natural flyers. Hypotheses on their flight control cannot always be validated by experiments with animals or tethered robots. To this end, we developed a programmable and agile autonomous free-flying robot controlled through bio-inspired motion changes of its flapping wings. Despite being 55 times the size of a fruit fly, the robot can accurately mimic the rapid escape maneuvers of flies, including a correcting yaw rotation toward the escape heading. Because the robot’s yaw control was turned off, we showed that these yaw rotations result from passive, translation-induced aerodynamic coupling between the yaw torque and the roll and pitch torques produced throughout the maneuver. The robot enables new methods for studying animal flight, and its flight characteristics allow for real-world flight missions.
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-06-16
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: Exoskeletons and active prostheses promise to enhance human mobility, but few have succeeded. Optimizing device characteristics on the basis of measured human performance could lead to improved designs. We have developed a method for identifying the exoskeleton assistance that minimizes human energy cost during walking. Optimized torque patterns from an exoskeleton worn on one ankle reduced metabolic energy consumption by 24.2 ± 7.4% compared to no torque. The approach was effective with exoskeletons worn on one or both ankles, during a variety of walking conditions, during running, and when optimizing muscle activity. Finding a good generic assistance pattern, customizing it to individual needs, and helping users learn to take advantage of the device all contributed to improved economy. Optimization methods with these features can substantially improve performance.
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-11-24
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Description: Kim et al . (Reports, 28 April 2017, p. 430) presented results for the solar-driven harvesting of water from air via metal-organic frameworks as a prodigious potential advance toward remedying global water shortages. Basic thermodynamics and a survey of multiple off-the-shelf technologies show that their approach is vastly inferior in efficiency (and thereby in feasibility) to available alternatives.
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Description: In their comment, Bui et al . argue that the approach we described in our report is vastly inferior in efficiency to alternative off-the-shelf technologies. Their conclusion is invalid, as they compare efficiencies in completely different operating conditions. Here, using heat transfer and thermodynamics principles, we show how Bui et al .’s conclusions about the efficiencies of off-the-shelf technologies are fundamentally flawed and inaccurate for the operating conditions described in our study.
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Description: Bacteria within communities can interact to organize their behavior. It has been unclear whether such interactions can extend beyond a single community to coordinate the behavior of distant populations. We discovered that two Bacillus subtilis biofilm communities undergoing metabolic oscillations can become coupled through electrical signaling and synchronize their growth dynamics. Coupling increases competition by also synchronizing demand for limited nutrients. As predicted by mathematical modeling, we confirm that biofilms resolve this conflict by switching from in-phase to antiphase oscillations. This results in time-sharing behavior, where each community takes turns consuming nutrients. Time-sharing enables biofilms to counterintuitively increase growth under reduced nutrient supply. Distant biofilms can thus coordinate their behavior to resolve nutrient competition through time-sharing, a strategy used in engineered systems to allocate limited resources.
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: Engineering has an image problem. The phrase "engineering disaster" rolls off the tongue, while great technical achievements are more often heralded as "scientific miracles." Enter Dream Big. Sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers with support from Bechtel Corporation, the film sets out to reframe engineering as a force for good and a profession in service to people and the planet. Author: Donna Riley
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-05-26
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-11-10
    Keywords: Engineering
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: The Internet connects billions of computational platforms of various sizes, from supercomputers to smart phones. However, the same types of data transmission can connect computational resources to much simpler sensors “at the edge of the net” that collect, analyze, and transmit data, as well as controllers that receive instructions. Devices deployed in the environment, homes and offices, and even our bodies would expand the number of connected devices to the trillions. This “Internet of Things” (IoT) underlies the vision of smart homes and buildings that could sense and transmit their status and respond appropriately (1), or track and report on the state of objects (vehicles, goods, or even animals) in the environment. However, the practical implementation of the IoT has been relatively slow, in part because all of these edge devices must draw electrical power from their local environment. We analyze the use of photovoltaics (PV) to power devices and help bring the IoT to fruition. Authors: Richard Haight, Wilfried Haensch, Daniel Friedman
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-04-22
    Description: So prized by the ancient Romans were Egyptian obelisks that, at one time, more of them stood in Rome than in Egypt. In the 19th century, France, Britain, and the United States—inspired by Napoleon Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt in 1798— acquired their own major obelisks from Alexandria and Luxor. Cleopatra's Needles, by Egyptologist Bob Brier, explores the engineering challenges associated with building and erecting these massive monuments. Author: Andrew Robinson
    Keywords: Engineering
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haddad, Nick M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. nick_haddad@ncsu.ed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; *Transportation
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Telomeres are the protective end-complexes at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere attrition can lead to potentially maladaptive cellular changes, block cell division, and interfere with tissue replenishment. Recent advances in the understanding of human disease processes have clarified the roles of telomere biology, especially in diseases of human aging and in some aging-related processes. Greater overall telomere attrition predicts mortality and aging-related diseases in inherited telomere syndrome patients, and also in general human cohorts. However, genetically caused variations in telomere maintenance either raise or lower risks and progression of cancers, in a highly cancer type-specific fashion. Telomere maintenance is determined by genetic factors and is also cumulatively shaped by nongenetic influences throughout human life; both can interact. These and other recent findings highlight both causal and potentiating roles for telomere attrition in human diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Elizabeth H -- Epel, Elissa S -- Lin, Jue -- CA096840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM026259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1193-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. elizabeth.blackburn@ucsf.edu. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Cell Division/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Style ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; Telomerase/metabolism ; Telomere/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Telomere Homeostasis/*genetics
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar, Herton -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1138. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/analysis ; Brazil ; Copper/analysis ; *Disasters ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Metals, Heavy/*analysis ; Rivers ; Sewage/*analysis ; Structure Collapse ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. fscheid@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Separation/methods ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Infections/*blood ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Mice ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have an increased prevalence of extracardiac congenital anomalies (CAs) and risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Exome sequencing of 1213 CHD parent-offspring trios identified an excess of protein-damaging de novo mutations, especially in genes highly expressed in the developing heart and brain. These mutations accounted for 20% of patients with CHD, NDD, and CA but only 2% of patients with isolated CHD. Mutations altered genes involved in morphogenesis, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation, including multiple mutations in RBFOX2, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Genes mutated in other cohorts examined for NDD were enriched in CHD cases, particularly those with coexisting NDD. These findings reveal shared genetic contributions to CHD, NDD, and CA and provide opportunities for improved prognostic assessment and early therapeutic intervention in CHD patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homsy, Jason -- Zaidi, Samir -- Shen, Yufeng -- Ware, James S -- Samocha, Kaitlin E -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- DePalma, Steven R -- McKean, David -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Gorham, Josh -- Jin, Sheng Chih -- Deanfield, John -- Giardini, Alessandro -- Porter, George A Jr -- Kim, Richard -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc -- Tikhonova, Irina -- Mane, Shrikant -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Qi, Hongjian -- Vardarajan, Badri -- Ma, Lijiang -- Daly, Mark -- Roberts, Amy E -- Russell, Mark W -- Mital, Seema -- Newburger, Jane W -- Gaynor, J William -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Iossifov, Ivan -- Ronemus, Michael -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Lifton, Richard P -- Seidman, Christine E -- Chung, Wendy K -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation and Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. ; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/metabolism ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nervous System Malformations/*genetics ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD(+) concentrations change during aging, and modulation of NAD(+) usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD(+) and discuss how supplementation with NAD(+) precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdin, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institutes, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; DNA Damage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Fatty Liver/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NAD/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Sirtuins/metabolism
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurtley, Stella -- Roberts, Leslie -- Ray, L Bryan -- Purnell, Beverly A -- Ash, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1180-1. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Health ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Telomere/*genetics ; *Telomere Homeostasis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ford, Adam T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7134.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. adamford@uoguelph.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Antelopes ; *Dogs ; Endangered Species ; *Food Chain ; *Grassland ; *Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Flow regulation and irrigation alter local freshwater conditions, but their global effects are highly uncertain. We investigated these global effects from 1901 to 2008, using hydroclimatic observations in 100 large hydrological basins. Globally, we find consistent and dominant effects of increasing relative evapotranspiration from both activities, and decreasing temporal runoff variability from flow regulation. The evapotranspiration effect increases the long-term average human consumption of fresh water by 3563 +/- 979 km(3)/year from 1901-1954 to 1955-2008. This increase raises a recent estimate of the current global water footprint of humanity by around 18%, to 10,688 +/- 979 km(3)/year. The results highlight the global impact of local water-use activities and call for their relevant account in Earth system modeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Fernando -- Destouni, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1248-51. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Goteborg, Sweden. fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se. ; Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agricultural Irrigation ; Climate Change ; *Drinking ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Plant Transpiration ; Water Supply/*standards
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has a particular relevance for older individuals. This is because the microbiota may modulate aging-related changes in innate immunity, sarcopaenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Both cell culture-dependent and -independent studies show that the gut microbiota of older people differs from that of younger adults. There is no chronological threshold or age at which the composition of the microbiota suddenly alters; rather, changes occur gradually with time. Our detailed analyses have separated the microbiota into groups associated with age, long-term residential care, habitual diet, and degree of retention of a core microbiome. We are beginning to understand how these groups change with aging and how they relate to clinical phenotypes. These data provide a framework for analyzing microbiota-health associations, distinguishing correlation from causation, identifying microbiota interaction with physiological aging processes, and developing microbiota-based health surveillance for older adults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Toole, Paul W -- Jeffery, Ian B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8469.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland. pwotoole@ucc.ie. ; School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aging ; Food Habits ; Frail Elderly ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Health ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, Hiroko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1135. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hiroko Akiyama is a professor at the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan. akiyama@iog.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; *Longevity ; Retirement ; Social Security
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexandrov, Ludmil B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. lba@lanl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Simulation ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amigo, Ignacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1286. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ignacio Amigo is a postdoctoral researcher in the biochemistry department of the Chemistry Institute at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Parenting/*psychology ; *Paternal Behavior
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Age is the greatest risk factor for nearly every major cause of mortality in developed nations. Despite this, most biomedical research focuses on individual disease processes without much consideration for the relationships between aging and disease. Recent discoveries in the field of geroscience, which aims to explain biological mechanisms of aging, have provided insights into molecular processes that underlie biological aging and, perhaps more importantly, potential interventions to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Here we describe some of these advances, along with efforts to move geroscience from the bench to the clinic. We also propose that greater emphasis should be placed on research into basic aging processes, because interventions that slow aging will have a greater effect on quality of life compared with disease-specific approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaeberlein, Matt -- Rabinovitch, Peter S -- Martin, George M -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1191-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Diet ; Exercise ; Geriatrics/*trends ; *Health ; Humans ; Mortality ; Preventive Medicine/*trends ; Risk Factors ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Translational Medical Research/trends
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Death ; Humans ; Hydra/genetics/physiology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Research into stem cells and aging aims to understand how stem cells maintain tissue health, what mechanisms ultimately lead to decline in stem cell function with age, and how the regenerative capacity of somatic stem cells can be enhanced to promote healthy aging. Here, we explore the effects of aging on stem cells in different tissues. Recent research has focused on the ways that genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and the extrinsic environmental milieu influence stem cell functionality over time. We describe each of these three factors, the ways in which they interact, and how these interactions decrease stem cell health over time. We are optimistic that a better understanding of these changes will uncover potential strategies to enhance stem cell function and increase tissue resiliency into old age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodell, Margaret A -- Rando, Thomas A -- P01 AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG047820/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR062185/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG023806/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3388.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu. ; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Center for Regenerative Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*physiology ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Drift ; *Health ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organ Specificity ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenbaum, Dov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1176. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1176-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya Israel and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 10463, USA. dov.greenbaum@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clothing ; Humans ; *Military Personnel ; *Robotics ; Walking/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1182-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Pets/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Ry -- Gill, Jason J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu. ; Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacteriocins ; Biological Therapy/*methods ; Burns/microbiology/therapy ; *Caudovirales ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*therapy ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1139-40. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/trends ; DNA/*genetics ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Drug Industry/trends ; Humans ; *Small Molecule Libraries
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6282.128. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Angola/epidemiology ; Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; World Health Organization ; Yellow Fever/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Yellow Fever Vaccine/*administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1143. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinetobacter/*growth & development ; Animals ; *Death ; Humans ; Mice ; Moraxellaceae/*growth & development ; Rhizobiaceae/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):391-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.391. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Echinococcosis/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; *Refugees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biometric Identification/*methods ; Cell Phones ; Clothing ; *Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/isolation & purification ; Sex Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, Rosalind A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1494. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosalind A. Segal is a neurobiology professor at Harvard Medical School and co-chair of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Neurobiology/manpower ; *Sexism ; *Women, Working
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/*ethics/*standards ; *Oocytes ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Zygote
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Estonia ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Ships ; Skeleton ; Slavery/*history ; Sweden
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1130-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bites and Stings ; Criminal Law/*statistics & numerical data ; Dermatoglyphics ; Firearms ; Forensic Sciences/legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Humans ; Wounds, Gunshot
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):15. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Cell Differentiation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*transplantation ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Regenerative Medicine/*economics/*trends ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Research/*economics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):501-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6285.501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China/epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*history ; Europe/epidemiology ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Plague/epidemiology/*history/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/*classification/genetics/pathogenicity
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):111-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drinking Water ; *Droughts ; Humans ; Indian Ocean ; Iraq ; Mesopotamia ; Salinity ; Warfare ; Water Resources/*supply & distribution ; *Wetlands
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):434. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.434.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Retroviral Agents/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*virology ; Male ; Mutagenesis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Virus Replication
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Financial Management ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Vaccines/*economics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, Jesse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):418. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jesse Shanahan is a master's student in astronomy at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Career Mobility ; Disabled Persons/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Fear ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; United States
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. In humans and pigs, the loss of CFTR impairs respiratory host defenses, causing airway infection. But CF mice are spared. We found that in all three species, CFTR secreted bicarbonate into airway surface liquid. In humans and pigs lacking CFTR, unchecked H(+) secretion by the nongastric H(+)/K(+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATP12A) acidified airway surface liquid, which impaired airway host defenses. In contrast, mouse airways expressed little ATP12A and secreted minimal H(+); consequently, airway surface liquid in CF and non-CF mice had similar pH. Inhibiting ATP12A reversed host defense abnormalities in human and pig airways. Conversely, expressing ATP12A in CF mouse airways acidified airway surface liquid, impaired defenses, and increased airway bacteria. These findings help explain why CF mice are protected from infection and nominate ATP12A as a potential therapeutic target for CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Viral S -- Meyerholz, David K -- Tang, Xiao Xiao -- Reznikov, Leah -- Abou Alaiwa, Mahmoud -- Ernst, Sarah E -- Karp, Philip H -- Wohlford-Lenane, Christine L -- Heilmann, Kristopher P -- Leidinger, Mariah R -- Allen, Patrick D -- Zabner, Joseph -- McCray, Paul B Jr -- Ostedgaard, Lynda S -- Stoltz, David A -- Randak, Christoph O -- Welsh, Michael J -- 5T32GM007337/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- F30HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL091842/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL117744/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL097071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):503-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lung/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CFTR/genetics/metabolism ; Mice, Transgenic ; Swine
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):12-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Ebola Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Ebolavirus/drug effects ; *Epidemics ; Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Organophosphonates/therapeutic use ; World Health Organization
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis S -- Anderson, James M -- Austin, Christopher P -- Battey, James F -- Birnbaum, Linda S -- Briggs, Josephine P -- Clayton, Janine A -- Cuthbert, Bruce -- Eisinger, Robert W -- Fauci, Anthony S -- Gallin, John I -- Gibbons, Gary H -- Glass, Roger I -- Gottesman, Michael M -- Gray, Patricia A -- Green, Eric D -- Greider, Franziska B -- Hodes, Richard -- Hudson, Kathy L -- Humphreys, Betsy -- Katz, Stephen I -- Koob, George F -- Koroshetz, Walter J -- Lauer, Michael S -- Lorsch, Jon R -- Lowy, Douglas R -- McGowan, John J -- Murray, David M -- Nakamura, Richard -- Norris, Andrea -- Perez-Stable, Eliseo J -- Pettigrew, Roderic I -- Riley, William T -- Rodgers, Griffin P -- Sieving, Paul A -- Somerman, Martha J -- Spong, Catherine Y -- Tabak, Lawrence A -- Volkow, Nora D -- Wilder, Elizabeth L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1405. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1405-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. collinsf@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Center for Advancing Translational Science, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. ; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research on Women's Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of AIDS Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Extramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Management, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Disease Prevention, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Scientific Review, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Strategic Coordination, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) assign power functions to neuroanatomical data and present a model to account for evolutionary patterns of cortical folding in the mammalian brain. We detail how the model assumptions are in conflict with experimental and observational work and show that the model itself does not accurately fit the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewitus, Eric -- Kelava, Iva -- Kalinka, Alex T -- Tomancak, Pavel -- Huttner, Wieland B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Neurons/*cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Voltage-gated CaV1.2 channels (L-type calcium channel alpha1C subunits) are critical mediators of transcription-dependent neural plasticity. Whether these channels signal via the influx of calcium ion (Ca(2+)), voltage-dependent conformational change (VDeltaC), or a combination of the two has thus far been equivocal. We fused CaV1.2 to a ligand-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, enabling independent control of localized Ca(2+) and VDeltaC signals. This revealed an unexpected dual requirement: Ca(2+) must first mobilize actin-bound Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, freeing it for subsequent VDeltaC-mediated accumulation. Neither signal alone sufficed to activate transcription. Signal order was crucial: Efficiency peaked when Ca(2+) preceded VDeltaC by 10 to 20 seconds. CaV1.2 VDeltaC synergistically augmented signaling by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, VDeltaC mistuning correlated with autistic symptoms in Timothy syndrome. Thus, nonionic VDeltaC signaling is vital to the function of CaV1.2 in synaptic and neuropsychiatric processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Boxing -- Tadross, Michael R -- Tsien, Richard W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):863-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. tadrossm@janelia.hhmi.org. ; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nimodipine/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Syndactyly/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoubridge, Eric A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):31-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5248. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. eric@ericpc.mni.mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Leigh Disease/*genetics/*therapy ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Rasmussen and Svensson correctly point out that there is currently no satisfactory method to fully align the Greenland and Cariaco Basin records of climate change. However, our approach using interstadial onsets as tie-points allows direct comparison between radiocarbon dates and Greenland climate records. Crucially, both the standard Greenland and the merged Greenland-Cariaco time scales show that interstadial warming was associated with megafaunal genetic transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Alan -- Turney, Chris -- Hughen, Konrad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 26;351(6276):927. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Environment Institute, Adelaide, Australia. alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au. ; Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ; Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; Global Warming/*history ; Humans
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Noncoding variants play a central role in the genetics of complex traits, but we still lack a full understanding of the molecular pathways through which they act. We quantified the contribution of cis-acting genetic effects at all major stages of gene regulation from chromatin to proteins, in Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). About ~65% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have primary effects on chromatin, whereas the remaining eQTLs are enriched in transcribed regions. Using a novel method, we also detected 2893 splicing QTLs, most of which have little or no effect on gene-level expression. These splicing QTLs are major contributors to complex traits, roughly on a par with variants that affect gene expression levels. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms linking genetic variation to variation in human gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang I -- van de Geijn, Bryce -- Raj, Anil -- Knowles, David A -- Petti, Allegra A -- Golan, David -- Gilad, Yoav -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- R01MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH101825/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):600-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9417. Epub 2016 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Splicing/*genetics
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown efficacy in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is increasingly being applied to other gastrointestinal disorders, yet the fate of native and introduced microbial strains remains largely unknown. To quantify the extent of donor microbiota colonization, we monitored strain populations in fecal samples from a recent FMT study on metabolic syndrome patients using single-nucleotide variants in metagenomes. We found extensive coexistence of donor and recipient strains, persisting 3 months after treatment. Colonization success was greater for conspecific strains than for new species, the latter falling within fluctuation levels observed in healthy individuals over a similar time frame. Furthermore, same-donor recipients displayed varying degrees of microbiota transfer, indicating individual patterns of microbiome resistance and donor-recipient compatibilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Simone S -- Zhu, Ana -- Benes, Vladimir -- Costea, Paul I -- Hercog, Rajna -- Hildebrand, Falk -- Huerta-Cepas, Jaime -- Nieuwdorp, Max -- Salojarvi, Jarkko -- Voigt, Anita Y -- Zeller, Georg -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- de Vos, Willem M -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):586-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Diabetes Center, Vrije University Medical Center, 1018 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany. Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Clostridium Infections/microbiology/*therapy ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Humans ; Symbiosis ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: The recent rapid spread of Zika virus and its unexpected linkage to birth defects and an autoimmune neurological syndrome have generated worldwide concern. Zika virus is a flavivirus like the dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. We present the 3.8 angstrom resolution structure of mature Zika virus, determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structure of Zika virus is similar to other known flavivirus structures, except for the ~10 amino acids that surround the Asn(154) glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins that make up the icosahedral shell. The carbohydrate moiety associated with this residue, which is recognizable in the cryo-EM electron density, may function as an attachment site of the virus to host cells. This region varies not only among Zika virus strains but also in other flaviviruses, which suggests that differences in this region may influence virus transmission and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845755/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845755/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sirohi, Devika -- Chen, Zhenguo -- Sun, Lei -- Klose, Thomas -- Pierson, Theodore C -- Rossmann, Michael G -- Kuhn, Richard J -- R01 AI073755/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076331/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI073755/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI076331/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):467-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5316. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Markey Center for Structural Biology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. ; Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Zika Virus/*chemistry/*ultrastructure
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):440-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Pedigree ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) controls the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but its molecular architecture has thus far remained poorly defined. We biochemically reconstituted NPC core protomers and elucidated the underlying protein-protein interaction network. Flexible linker sequences, rather than interactions between the structured core scaffold nucleoporins, mediate the assembly of the inner ring complex and its attachment to the NPC coat. X-ray crystallographic analysis of these scaffold nucleoporins revealed the molecular details of their interactions with the flexible linker sequences and enabled construction of full-length atomic structures. By docking these structures into the cryoelectron tomographic reconstruction of the intact human NPC and validating their placement with our nucleoporin interactome, we built a composite structure of the NPC symmetric core that contains ~320,000 residues and accounts for ~56 megadaltons of the NPC's structured mass. Our approach provides a paradigm for the structure determination of similarly complex macromolecular assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Daniel H -- Stuwe, Tobias -- Schilbach, Sandra -- Rundlet, Emily J -- Perriches, Thibaud -- Mobbs, George -- Fan, Yanbin -- Thierbach, Karsten -- Huber, Ferdinand M -- Collins, Leslie N -- Davenport, Andrew M -- Jeon, Young E -- Hoelz, Andre -- 5 T32 GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- ACB-12002/PHS HHS/ -- AGM-12006/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):aaf1015. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1015. Epub 2016 Apr 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. hoelz@caltech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Pore/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Many modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this admixture on human traits is largely unknown. We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)-derived phenotypes in ~28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of Neandertal alleles with neurological, psychiatric, immunological, and dermatological phenotypes. Neandertal alleles together explained a significant fraction of the variation in risk for depression and skin lesions resulting from sun exposure (actinic keratosis), and individual Neandertal alleles were significantly associated with specific human phenotypes, including hypercoagulation and tobacco use. Our results establish that archaic admixture influences disease risk in modern humans, provide hypotheses about the effects of hundreds of Neandertal haplotypes, and demonstrate the utility of EHR data in evolutionary analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simonti, Corinne N -- Vernot, Benjamin -- Bastarache, Lisa -- Bottinger, Erwin -- Carrell, David S -- Chisholm, Rex L -- Crosslin, David R -- Hebbring, Scott J -- Jarvik, Gail P -- Kullo, Iftikhar J -- Li, Rongling -- Pathak, Jyotishman -- Ritchie, Marylyn D -- Roden, Dan M -- Verma, Shefali S -- Tromp, Gerard -- Prato, Jeffrey D -- Bush, William S -- Akey, Joshua M -- Denny, Joshua C -- Capra, John A -- 1K22LM011938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM114128/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5T32EY021453/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM110068/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01LM010685/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004438/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004608/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004609/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004610/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006378/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006379/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006380/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006382/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006388/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG008657/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04599/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04603/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):737-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. ; Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Depression/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic/genetics ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Phenotype
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90%. There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corti, Davide -- Misasi, John -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Stanley, Daphne A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Wollen, Suzanne -- Ploquin, Aurelie -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Staupe, Ryan P -- Bailey, Michael -- Shi, Wei -- Choe, Misook -- Marcus, Hadar -- Thompson, Emily A -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Perez, Laurent -- Sallusto, Federica -- Vanzetta, Fabrizia -- Agatic, Gloria -- Cameroni, Elisabetta -- Kisalu, Neville -- Gordon, Ingelise -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Mascola, John R -- Graham, Barney S -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean-Jacques -- Trefry, John C -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1339-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5224. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Viral/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Survivors
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):284-7. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/*prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommer, Morten O A -- Suess, Beatrix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):144-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. msom@bio.dtu.dk. ; Technische Universitat Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/*methods ; Humans ; Riboswitch/*genetics ; *Transcription Termination, Genetic
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):286. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/*therapy ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*genetics
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1126. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/*genetics
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sood, Prashant -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6275.825-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen City, AB25 2ZD, UK. drprashantsood@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cartoons as Topic ; Humans ; India ; *Physician-Patient Relations ; Students, Medical ; *Trust ; Vaccination/psychology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Translated regions distinct from annotated coding sequences have emerged as essential elements of the proteome. This includes upstream open reading frames (uORFs) present in mRNAs controlled by the integrated stress response (ISR) that show "privileged" translation despite inhibited eukaryotic initiation factor 2-guanosine triphosphate-initiator methionyl transfer RNA (eIF2.GTP.Met-tRNA(i )(Met)). We developed tracing translation by T cells to directly measure the translation products of uORFs during the ISR. We identified signature translation events from uORFs in the 5' untranslated region of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) mRNA (also called heat shock 70-kilodalton protein 5 mRNA) that were not initiated at the start codon AUG. BiP expression during the ISR required both the alternative initiation factor eIF2A and non-AUG-initiated uORFs. We propose that persistent uORF translation, for a variety of chaperones, shelters select mRNAs from the ISR, while simultaneously generating peptides that could serve as major histocompatibility complex class I ligands, marking cells for recognition by the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starck, Shelley R -- Tsai, Jordan C -- Chen, Keling -- Shodiya, Michael -- Wang, Lei -- Yahiro, Kinnosuke -- Martins-Green, Manuela -- Shastri, Nilabh -- Walter, Peter -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):aad3867. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Departments of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. ; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/*genetics ; Cell Tracking ; Codon, Initiator/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Stress, Physiological/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/microbiology/physiology
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1384-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone and Bones/*injuries ; Germany ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Military Personnel/*history ; Oceans and Seas ; Rivers ; Skull/injuries ; Violence/*history ; *Warfare ; Weapons/*history
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Janet -- Grenfell, Bryan -- Farrar, Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):815-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. jcurrie@princeton.edu. ; Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. ; Wellcome Trust, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods/*organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Reservoirs ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Zoonoses/prevention & control/transmission
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Differentiated macrophages can self-renew in tissues and expand long term in culture, but the gene regulatory mechanisms that accomplish self-renewal in the differentiated state have remained unknown. Here we show that in mice, the transcription factors MafB and c-Maf repress a macrophage-specific enhancer repertoire associated with a gene network that controls self-renewal. Single-cell analysis revealed that, in vivo, proliferating resident macrophages can access this network by transient down-regulation of Maf transcription factors. The network also controls embryonic stem cell self-renewal but is associated with distinct embryonic stem cell-specific enhancers. This indicates that distinct lineage-specific enhancer platforms regulate a shared network of genes that control self-renewal potential in both stem and mature cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soucie, Erinn L -- Weng, Ziming -- Geirsdottir, Laufey -- Molawi, Kaaweh -- Maurizio, Julien -- Fenouil, Romain -- Mossadegh-Keller, Noushine -- Gimenez, Gregory -- VanHille, Laurent -- Beniazza, Meryam -- Favret, Jeremy -- Berruyer, Carole -- Perrin, Pierre -- Hacohen, Nir -- Andrau, J-C -- Ferrier, Pierre -- Dubreuil, Patrice -- Sidow, Arend -- Sieweke, Michael H -- P01AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):aad5510. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5510. Epub 2016 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, INSERM (U1068), CNRS (U7258), Universite Aix-Marseille (UM105), Marseille, France. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, 10 Robert-Rossle-Strasse, 13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Institut de Genetique Moleculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France. ; Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Marseille, INSERM (U1068), CNRS (U7258), Universite Aix-Marseille (UM105), Marseille, France. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Universite Aix-Marseille, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France. INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 7280, Marseille, France. Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, 10 Robert-Rossle-Strasse, 13125 Berlin, Germany. sieweke@ciml.univ-mrs.fr erinn.soucie@inserm.fr arend@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Macrophages/*cytology ; MafB Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptional Activation
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