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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,550)
  • BIOSCIENCES  (1,698)
  • 1970-1974  (4,248)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Automated analysis of video data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A software/hardware system designed and developed to perform automated video imagery analysis is described. Major elements included in the analysis system are: (1) sampling oscilloscope; (2) programmable trigger unit; (3) central computer; and (4) software processing library. The function of the scope and trigger unit, in conjunction with the control computer, is to digitize the selected portion of the video image and store as amplitude and time data in computer memory. Evaluation of the video data, analogus to interpretation of a visual image, is accomplished by the processing software. It is indicated that this technique of video image analysis is applicable to a wide variety of nonaerospace applications involving video data and image analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 181-188
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  • 2
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    Apparatus for calibration of on-board instruments and laboratory modelling of rarefied plasma flows past models (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Problems of laboratory simulation of artificial earth satellite flight conditions in the ionosphere are examined, and a setup capable of reproducing the basic parameters of ion flows (with energies of 5-10 eV, energy spectrum width approximately 2x5 eV, and an intensity of 10 to the minus 8th power a/cm/2) past measurement instruments and satellite models is described. Possibilities for further improvement of the apparatus are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 282-291
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  • 3
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    Space and man (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of man's entry into space on changes in economics and technology, politics and law, science, philosophy, and art are considered. A single world economy, extracting from the natural resources of the moon and other cosmic bodies raw materials and energy, will avoid terrestrial limitations and improve society by eliminating the inequalities of economic and social status. However, a spacecraft for interplanetary travel require thermonuclear engines that achieve an escape velocity of 0.1 times the speed of light in order to allow an astronaut stellar expedition corresponding to the active life of a single generation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 128-134
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  • 4
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    Detection of life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The selection of spacecraft experiments and equipment to detect extraterrestrial life outside earth centers on observations of chemical compounds similar to amino acids and proteins, on signs of metabolism in the form of nutrient absorption, and life form impressions in fossiles or signs of civilization.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820; p 42-52
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  • 5
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    Space psychology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Psychological selection of astronauts considers mental responses and adaptation to the following space flight stress factors: (1) confinement in a small space; (2) changes in three dimensional orientation; (3) effects of altered gravity and weightlessness; (4) decrease in afferent nerve pulses; (5) a sensation of novelty and danger; and (6) a sense of separation from earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 29-41
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  • 6
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    Life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biotechnological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed and the basic biological problems of training and sustaining man in interplanetary flights are elaborated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 17-28
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  • 7
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    Use of conventional equipment to measure the effective perceived noise level of aircraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A real time, computerized, measurement method for the effective perceived noise level is reported that uses comparison of two sounds differing in level and frequency to obtain the noise intensity emitted by aircraft and to calculate human psychoacoustic annoyance reactions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 224-232
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  • 8
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    An objective method and measuring equipment for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An objective method and apparatus for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcar engines are reported. The method and apparatus let us know whether the noisiness of the vehicle under test exceeds the admissible threshold levels given by appropriate standards and if so what is the main source of the excessive noise. The method consists in measuring both the overall noise level and the sound pressure levels in definite frequency bands while the engine speed is controlled as well and may be fixed at prescribed values. Whenever the individually adjusted threshold level has been exceeded in any frequency band, a self-sustaining control signal is sent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 198-204
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  • 9
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    Photoelectronic vibrometer with polarized light (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A seismic torsiometer is described which is based on the reception by a photosensitive transducer of a light flux modulated by a relative rotation of the optical axes of two polaroids. The torsional vibrations of the polaroid fixed to the shaft are transmitted to the other polaroid (which at the same time is the seismic mass of the apparatus) by means of elastic lamellas. The device can work as accelerometer, vibrometer or frequency meter, depending on the value of the ratio between the proper oscillation frequency of the seismic system and the measured vibration frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 68-72
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  • 10
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    Vibration and noise measuring instruments built in the RSR (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The demands placed upon vibration and noise measuring instruments are discussed. The instruments that are now being manufactured in the RSR are described, as well as those that are being made ready for manufacture, namely: the VP-3 portable vibrometer, the N2103 precision electronic vibrometer, the N2103 B sonometric preamplifier, as well as vibration transducers of the electrodynamic and piezoelectric types.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 62-67
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  • 11
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    Contributions to the problem of piezoelectric accelerometer calibration (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: After discussing the principal calibration methods for piezoelectric accelerometers, an experimental setup for accelerometer calibration by the reciprocity method is described It is shown how the use of a lock-in voltmeter eliminates errors due to viscous damping and electrical loading.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 55-61
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  • 12
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    Instruments for measuring radiant thermal fluxes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An absolute two-sided radiometer, designed on the principle of replacing absorbed radiant energy with electrical energy, is described. The sensitive element of the detector is a thermoelectric transducer of thermal flux. The fabrication technology, methods of measurement, technical characteristics, and general operation of the instrument are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 95-101
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  • 13
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    Determination of local values of gas and liquid mass flux in highly loaded two-phase flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A measurement system using a deceleration probe was designed for determining the local values of gas and liquid mass flux in various gas/liquid droplet sprayfields. The system was used to characterize two-phase flowfields generated by gas/liquid rocket-motor injectors. Measurements were made at static pressures up to 500 psia and injected mass flow ratios up to 20. The measurement system can also be used at higher pressures and in gas/solid flowfields.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 14
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    The neutral atmosphere temperature experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The AEROS Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment (NATE) is designed to measure the kinetic temperature of molecular nitrogen in the thermosphere. A quadrupole mass spectrometer tuned to N2 measures the N2 density variation in a small spherical antechamber having a knife-edged orifice which is exposed to the atmosphere at the outer surface of the spacecraft. The changing density of N2 due to the spinning motion of the spacecraft permits determination of the velocity distribution of the N2 from which the temperature is calculated. An alternate mode of operation of the instrument allows measurement of the other gases in the atmosphere as well as N2 permitting determination of the neutral particle composition of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik; 40; 5, 19; 1974
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  • 15
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    Airborne laser Doppler velocimeter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A CO2 laser Doppler detection system has been developed to measure remotely the true airspeed of an aircraft. The system uses a 50-W sealed-off CO2 laser in a homodyne detection system employing a collinear optical telescope, a HgCdTe detector, and a frequency tracking loop. The system was successfully flight-tested on a NASA Convair 990 research aircraft during December 1971 and June 1972. The results indicate that an airspeed measurement under clear weather conditions is feasible up to an altitude of 3000 m with an error of less than 0.5%.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 16
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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  • 17
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    Evaluation of a wedge gas-sampling probe (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The performances of a wedge-type gas-sampling probe and pitot probes are compared in applications to flowfield profile studies. The flow structure data obtained by these techniques are found to agree well in flow regions with and without significant gradients. The wedge-type probe showed a good service life and allowed a substantial reduction of the sampling time. The wedge probe design is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Sept
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  • 18
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    Real-time correction of atmospherically degraded telescope images through image sharpening (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We present a new technique for the correction of atmospheric distortion in telescope images. Most of this distortion arises from a random phase variation of the incoming light across the telescope aperture. This variation limits the resolving power of even large telescopes to about one arc second. If the sharpness of the images is defined in a suitable way, this sharpness is maximized only when the phase distortion of the incoming light is zero. We present computer simulations of a simple feedback system in which active optical elements, set to maximize the sharpness, correct most of the atmospheric distortion. Photon statistics set the limiting magnitude of the object for which a practical feedback system can work. Details in a sixth magnitude object smaller than 0.1 sec of arc should be resolvable. The system can be conveniently employed within existing telescopes.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 19
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    Aplanatic two-mirror telescopes: A systematic study. I - Cassegrainian configuration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic performance analysis of aplanatic Cassegrainian telescopes has been accomplished by means of a ray trace program. The results indicate that the available field angle for a given geometric spot size is, to a very close approximation, a function of the relative back focal distance only. Image curvatures, as computed by third-order theory and by the ray trace program, were found to be in very close agreement. Image curvature is plotted as a function of the ray height ratio for a wide range of secondary magnification.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 20
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    Image reproduction with interactive graphics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Software application or development in optical image digital data processing requires a fast, good quality, yet inexpensive hard copy of processed images. To achieve this, a Cambo camera with an f 2.8/150-mm Xenotar lens in a Copal shutter having a Graflok back for 4 x 5 Polaroid type 57 pack-film has been interfaced to an existing Adage, AGT-30/Electro-Mechanical Research, EMR 6050 graphic computer system. Time-lapse photography in conjunction with a log to linear voltage transformation has resulted in an interactive system capable of producing a hard copy in 54 sec. The interactive aspect of the system lies in a Tektronix 4002 graphic computer terminal and its associated hard copy unit.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 21
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    Alterations in left ventricular volumes induced by Valsalva manoeuvre (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Five patients were studied with left ventriculography during different phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre. Small doses of contrast medium allowed adequate repetitive visualization of the left ventricle for volume calculation. During strain phase, the volume of the left ventricle decreased by nearly 50 per cent in each case, and stroke volume and cardiac output also dropped strikingly. Release of straining was attended by a sharp rebound of left ventricular volume to control levels, with a transient surge of increased cardiac output 42 per cent above that of the resting state.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; July 197
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  • 22
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    Apollo space crew cardiovascular evaluations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cardiovascular responses associated with pre- and postflight orthostatic tolerance evaluations of Apollo crewmen are presented with a brief historical survey and a discussion of their implications for future manned space flight. Heart rates were increased while systolic and pulse pressures were decreased during the immediate postflight orthostatic evaluation. A postflight elevation in resting heart rate was a less frequent finding.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 23
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    Recovery of medically important microorganisms from Apollo astronauts (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microbiological samples were obtained from the crewmembers of the Apollo 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 spaceflights. These specimens were analyzed for the presence of medically important microorganisms with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans being discussed in detail. Preflight isolation of crewmembers was found to coincide with a complete absence of inflight disease events and is recommended for future spaceflights. No autoinfection response (microbial shock) occurred after any of the reported spaceflights.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 24
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    Alteration of pituitary-adrenal dynamics induced by a water deprivation regimen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments are described which were designed to assess the degree of adaptation that occurs in rats chronically exposed to the stress of a water-deprivation regimen and to determine if that adaptation represents a normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There were no significant differences in mean corticosterone concentrations among control nondeprived rats 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. The water-deprived rats, however, had significantly elevated plasma steroids 1 and 4 weeks after the onset of deprivation as compared to controls, but not after 8 weeks. Thus, there was a significant decrease in mean plasma corticosterone levels during water deprivation from 1 week to 8 weeks.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Physiology and Behavior; 12; 1974
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  • 25
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    Stellar interferometer for figure sensing of orbiting astronomical telescopes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An interferometric device designed to be located in the focal plane of a large astronomical telescope is presented. The prime application is for the forthcoming large space telescope. The device is to perform interferometry on the optical wavefront arising from a single star after it has propagated through the telescope. The concept of a focal plane figure sensor has been experimentally verified by fabricating and testing an operating laboratory breadboard figure sensor. A set of linear independent control equations are derived that define the operations for utilizing a focal plane figure sensor in the control loops for the positioning of the secondary mirror and for the active control of the primary mirror optical figure. A number of scientific experiments that could be performed with the interferometer are also briefly discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 26
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    Raman scattering applied to hypersonic air flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Raman scattering technique was applied to measure the local static temperature and gas number density over a sharp-edge flat-plate model in a Mach 5 nozzle of the Langley nozzle test chamber with air as the test gas. The angle of attack varied from -5 to 15 deg, and the stagnation temperature varied from 317 to 442 K, with stagnation pressures ranging from 170 kN to 2.8 MN/sq m. The measured values of static temperature and density ranged from 60 to 100 K and from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cu m, respectively. A comparison with calculated values based on static pressure measurements along the model shows that the Raman scattering technique is a viable measurement method in applications to high-speed three-dimensional flows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 27
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    The response of a propeller anemometer to turbulent flow with the mean wind vector perpendicular to the axis of rotation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determination of the properties of the system transfer function of the vertical-velocity propeller anemometer. A treatment of this problem is presented which is based on an analysis of estimates of the system transfer function derived from estimates of spectra calculated from time histories of indicated vertical velocity and on estimates of the associated input Eulerian vertical-velocity frequency spectra based on the hypothesis that instrument degradation of the Fourier components occurs in the inertial subrange.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Boundary-Layer Meteorology; 6; May-June
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  • 28
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    Effects of simulated weightlessness on responses of untrained men to +Gz acceleration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This study documents bedrest-induced metabolic and physiologic changes in six untrained men exposed, following a two-week period of simulated weightlessness, to possible +Gz acceleration profiles anticipated for Space Shuttle vehicle travel. All subjects demonstrated decreased +Gz tolerance following simulated weightlessness. While only one of six subjects could not tolerate the +Gz profile in the control phase of the study, three of the six could not complete the postbed-rest study. The use of an inflated standard Air Force cutaway G-suit improved +Gz tolerance in all subjects, but two of six subjects still failed to complete the profile. These findings are discussed in reference to the selection of untrained humans for Space Shuttle vehicle travel.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; June 197
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  • 29
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    Astronomical demonstration of an infrared upconverter (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An upconverter has been used to convert infrared photons from astronomical sources to higher frequency quanta that were detected with a pulse-counting photomultiplier photometer. It is pointed out that these observations represent the first successful astronomical demonstration of infrared upconversion. Upconversion is carried out in an optically nonlinear medium, which in the upconverter described is a lithium iodate crystal. A 0.6943-micrometer high peak power ruby laser pump was developed for the demonstration.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nature; 249; June 14
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  • 30
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    An autoranging scanning system and compatible methods of noise reduction (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The autoranging scanning system discussed combines in a unique way four different methods for removing noise. The system employs a narrow-band amplifier. Other noise reduction methods make use of digital summation, convolution numbers, and the coaddition of scans. The system was designed to digitize the output of an infrared spectrometer and to record it on magnetic tape. Light passes through a mechanical light chopper and the spectrometer optics, and falls on the PbS cell to produce a signal which is amplified by the first preamplifier.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; July 197
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  • 31
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    Mathematical operations by optical processing (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent developments in coherent optical processing are described in this paper. Specifically, the use of one or more elementary gratings to perform useful processing operations and computer-generated spatial filters to obtain generalized transforms are discussed. Applications incorporating nonlinear optical elements and optical feedback into the processing system are also presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; May-June
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  • 32
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    Turbulence measurements in a Mach 2.9 boundary layer using laser velocimetry (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements taken in a Mach-2.9 turbulent boundary layer are shown to demonstrate the ability of a laser velocimeter to measure the turbulence transport properties of high-speed compressible flows. This demonstrated ability, combined with the nonperturbing quality and relative insensitivity to environmental conditions of the laser velocimeter, opens the way to compressible flow measurements never considered possible with more conventional measurement techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 33
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    Detection and elimination of reflections in beam-foil target chambers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of techniques for detecting and reducing to negligible values beam-radiation reflection and scattering in high vacuum target chambers used in beam foil experiments. It is suggested that all target chambers be checked in the manner described in order to discover and reduce intensity variations that may not be obvious on the usual beam-foil decay curves.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 34
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    Multiplex imaging with multiple-pinhole cameras (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When making photographs in X rays or gamma rays with a multiple-pinhole camera, the individual images of an extended object such as the sun may be allowed to overlap. Then the situation is in many ways analogous to that in a multiplexing device such as a Fourier spectroscope. Some advantages and problems arising with such use of the camera are discussed, and expressions are derived to describe the relative efficacy of three exposure/postprocessing schemes using multiple-pinhole cameras.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Apr. 197
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    Pressure transducer method for measuring gas production by microorganisms (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; Jan. 197
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  • 36
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    Measurement of capsule heat transfer gaps using neutron radiography (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for measuring heat transfer gaps from neutron radiographs. The method involves scanning the radiograph negative with a recording microdensitometer to obtain a trace of the optical density variation across the diameter of the capsule. The optical density change representing the gap is measured from the microdensitometer trace and related to the physical measurement. Heat transfer gaps from 0.061 to 0.178 cm have been determined by this technique and agree with preassembly physical measurements to plus or minus 0.005 cm.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 37
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    Design of an X-ray telescope system for an orbiting astronomical observatory (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction is described of a package of X-ray telescopes launched in the NASA satellite Copernicus (OAO-3), which began stellar observations in September 1972. It contains three grazing incidence reflectors covering a range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 nm, and having a combined collecting area of 40.9 sq cm, with angular resolutions up to 1 minute of arc. This is believed to be the first satellite application of such reflectors in stellar X-ray astronomy. A collimated detector of wavelengths 0.1-0.3 nm has a 17.8 sq cm collecting area. A visible light star tracker detects package misalignment if this should occur.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Physics; vol. 7
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  • 38
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    Multichannel forward scattering meter for oceanography (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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  • 39
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    Determination of left ventricular size and shape (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Significant advances have occurred over the past 15 years in the ability to measure ventricular dimensions. Angiocardiography still remains the most reliable method for overall determination of chamber size and shape and serves as a standard for calibration or comparison for newer methods. Improvements in the use of radiographic methods over the next few years are anticipated with more extensive use of multiplane studies associated with repeated injections of improved contrast materials that produce fewer physiological effects or with substances that adhere to the endocardial surfaces. It is also anticipated that existing methods for automatically obtaining dimensional information from X rays will be continued and improved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Circulation Research; 34; Jan. 197
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  • 40
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    Serotonin and pituitary-adrenal function (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted to evaluate the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to a stress stimulus in the rat. In the investigation brain serotonin synthesis was inhibited with p-chlorophenylalanine. In other tests the concentration of serotonin was enhanced with precursors such as tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan. On the basis of the results obtained in the study it is speculated that in some disease states there is a defect in serotonergic neuronal processes which impairs pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanisms.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 248; Mar. 29
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  • 41
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    Effect of electron beam pulse width on time-of-flight spectra (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple but useful formula describing the effect of electron gun pulse width on the time of flight (TOF) spectra measured in translational spectroscopy experiments is developed. An approximately monoenergetic pulsed electrostatically focused electron beam traverses a scattering cell filled with a Maxwellian gas. Inelastic electron collisions with the gas produce metastable particles, ions, scattered electrons, and photons which then pass through a collimating slit system at right angles to the electron beam. TOF techniques are used to separate the photon signal from the metastable particle signal and to measure the TOF distribution of the metastable species.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 42
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    A simple two-fiber optical displacement sensor (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An optical displacement sensor is described in which only a pair of large-diameter fibers is used rather than a branched bundle of many small-diameter fibers. The basic idea of the two-fiber sensor is that the axes of the fibers are at an angle to one another at the sensor face, rather than parallel as is the case for the many-fiber configuration. The sensitivity of this two-fiber sensor is approximately the same as the most sensitive configuration of the many-fiber sensor.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 43
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    Stability of fringe counting interferometers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two configurations of an automatic bidirectional, fringe-counting corner-cube interferometer are compared. They differ only in the method of quadrature phase introduction. The one using polarization coding has good phase stability at optical path differences as large as 955 mm, the one using adjacent beams has such poor phase stability as to render it useless at path differences greater than 700 mm. A useful well-defined alignment procedure is given for the corner-cube interferometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 44
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    Life span and fine structural changes in oxygen-poisoned drosophila melanogaster (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 45
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    Thermal stress studies using optical holographic interferometry (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of holography to thermal stress studies is discussed. Interference fringes as produced by holograms and their interpretation are reviewed in relation to workpiece displacement. Three potential mechanisms are given to explain thermal displacement as detected by holographic methods. Results of some thermal stressing studies are reported, including tests on a live rocket motor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 46
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    Analysis and synthesis of a fluid sonic pulse system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A nonlinear sonic system is described that includes a delay line. Short-lived pulses with a high repetition frequency circulate through the system. The analysis was carried out by defining the reflection factor at the load and then dividing the input pulse according to duration into sections of appropriate width. The response was determined for each section, the response to the whole pulse being given by the sum of the responses at the sections. This makes it possible to broach the synthesis of a sonic system that will give an output pulse of the desired form.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 177-182
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  • 47
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    Investigations of electret as a contamination control device (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thermoelectrets of polymers with stable surface charge on either side have been found to attract ions and charged particles to their surfaces. To assess their applicability to the control of atmospheric contamination, polytetraethylene (teflon) electrets are exposed to vapors coming from volatile mixtures over periods up to 90 min. Use is made of mass spectrometry for the analysis of teflon electret characteristics. It is found that even small quantities of the liquids in the mixture gives its characteristic mass spectra and that the peak height represents a measure for the quantity of the material collected over the electret surface, with the collected quantity being proportional to the duration of exposure.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Environmental Letters; 7; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 48
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    The Apollo gamma-ray spectrometer (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A gamma-ray spectrometer has been flown on the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft to determine the lunar-surface composition and measure the cosmic gamma-ray flux. The instrument included a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal coupled to a 7.6-cm photomultiplier tube, a plastic mantle for anti-coincidence rejection of charged particles, and 511 channels of analysis. Boom-mounted operation permitted a significant reduction in the background. The data were transmitted on an event-by-event basis. About 22% of the lunar surface was mapped and spectra of the cosmic gamma-ray flux over an energy range of 0.065-27.5 MeV have been obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 118; 1974
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  • 49
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    Spark chamber track finding program (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spark-chamber track-finding program has been written. The accuracy of the location of the track is good, and if the chamber contains many spurious sparks the computation time is much less than the time used by a least-squares fit routine. Multiple tracks can be found and interaction vertices can thereby be determined.
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  • 50
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    Gas-tight flask for the concurrent measurement of gas metabolism and growth in methane-oxidizing bacteria (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 28; Sept
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  • 51
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    The problem of selecting an optimum frequency for a measuring generator in determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given accuracy (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The selection of the optimum frequency for a measuring generator for determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given degree of accuracy is discussed. Methods from information theory for measuring generators are described. Conversion of the frequency of generators into digital form by means of statistical averaging is also described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Automation of the Collection and Analysis of Sci. Inform. in the Probl. of the Interaction of the Atmosphere and Ocean (NASA-TT-F-801); p 80-84
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  • 52
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    Reduction of image blurring on individual aerial photographs (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is discussed for photographic reduction of blurring which utilizes only a single photograph. No special equipment which is not available in practically any photographic laboratory is required to carry out the technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 67-74
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  • 53
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    Film processing in scientific spacecraft television systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photography and photochemical processing of the film in spacecraft phototelevision systems involve several aspects which require an approach to selection of the handling process which differs from that used under ground conditions, different processing technology, and different construction of the instrument for carrying out the processing. Soviet processing techniques and equipment are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 59-66
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  • 54
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    Multiple-slit shadow device for sensing the direction to a shining object (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A multi-slit shadow direction sensor of jalousie type (JDS) was developed to provide a simple, highly reliable tracking system to guide a rotating mirror toward the sun so that the reflected light would illuminate the input slit of a photoelectric spectrometer. The operating principle and stability are considered as well as determination of initial signal level at the output of each photosensor. A procedure is recommended for calculation of a JDS. Both one- and two-coordinate sun direction sensors are described and considered for use in the tracking system of a photoelectric spectrometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 65-87
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  • 55
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    Development of the design of a between-the-lens band type photographic shutter (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When photographic equipment is miniaturized, in order to conserve weight and size for spacecraft use, by using wide angle, short focus lenses, a band-type central between-the-lens shutter must be used. The rectangular slot shape was the form with the highest optical efficiency. To overcome the problem of burrs caused in the punching out of the slots in a carbon steel band, a shape limited by arcs with radius equal to half the slot width is preferred.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 42-47
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  • 56
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    Geoscience instrumentation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Description: Geoscience instrumentation systems are considered along with questions of geoscience environment, signal processing, data processing, and design problems. Instrument platforms are examined, taking into account ground platforms, airborne platforms, ocean platforms, and space platforms. In situ and laboratory sensors described include acoustic wave sensors, age sensors, atmospheric constituent sensors, biological sensors, cloud particle sensors, electric field sensors, electromagnetic field sensors, precision geodetic sensors, gravity sensors, ground constituent sensors, horizon sensors, humidity sensors, ion and electron sensors, magnetic field sensors, tide sensors, and wind sensors. Remote sensors are discussed, giving attention to sensing techniques, acoustic echo-sounders, gamma ray sensors, optical sensors, radar sensors, and microwave radiometric sensors.
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  • 57
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    Irregular bilayer structure in vesicles prepared from Halobacterium cutirubrum lipids (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Fluorescent probes were used to study the structure of the cell envelope of Halobacterium cutirubrum, and, in particular, to explore the effect of the heterogeneity of the lipids in this organism on the structure of the bilayers. The fluorescence polarization of perylene was followed in vesicles of unfractionated lipids and polar lipids as a function of temperature in 3.4 M solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and KSCN, and it was found that vesicles of unfractionated lipids were more perturbed by chaotropic agents than polar lipids. The dependence of the relaxation times of perylene on temperature was studied in cell envelopes and in vesicles prepared from polar lipids, unfractionated lipids, and mixtures of polar and neutral lipids.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 356; 1974
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  • 58
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    Systematic study of aplanatic two-mirror telescopes. II - The Gregorian configuration (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 59
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    Fluxgate magnetometers for outer planets exploration (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The exploration of the interplanetary medium and the magnetospheres of the outer planets requires the implementation of magnetic field measuring instrumentation with wide dynamic range, high stability, and reliability. The fluxgate magnetometers developed for the Pioneer 11 and Mariner-Jupiter-Saturn missions are presented. These instruments cover the range of .01 nT to 2 million nT with optimum performance characteristics and low power consumption.
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  • 60
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    Human radiation tolerance (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The acute radiation syndrome in man is clinically bounded by death at high dose levels and by the prodromal syndrome of untoward physiological effects at minimal levels of clinically effective exposure. As in lower animals, man experiences principally three acute modes of death from radiation exposure (Bond et al., 1965). These are known collectively as the lethal radiation syndromes: central nervous system death, gastrointestinal death, and hematopoietic death. The effect of multiple exposure on lethality, the effect of multiple exposure on hematopoietic recovery, and quantitative aspects of cell and tissue repair are discussed.
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  • 61
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    Ultrastructural response of rat lung to 90 days' exposure to oxygen at 450 mm Hg (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Young Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 mm Hg in constant environment capsules for 90 days. Lung tissue examined by electron microscopy revealed a number of changes, many similar to those observed after exposure to oxygen at 760 mm Hg for shorter periods of time. Alterations in vesicle size and number and in mitochondrial matrix and cristae appear in both the endothelial and epithelial cells. Blebbing and rarefication of cytoplasm occur in both cell layers of the alveolo-capillary wall. Also seen are fluid in the basement membrane, platelets in the capillaries, and alveolar fluid and debris. All of these alterations occur at 1 atm exposure. However, after exposure to 450 mm Hg the changes are not as widespread nor as destructive as they are at the higher pressure.
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    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Sept
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  • 62
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    The S-193 radar altimeter experiment (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Skylab S-193 altimeter experiment utilizes a 10- and 100-ns pulse length, 13.9-GHz earth-pointed radar system to obtain earth-surface backscatter measurements from the Skylab spacecraft. Objectives of the experiment are to obtain precision measurements of surface profile for uses in geodesy, oceanography, and earth physics, and to measure radar-signal characteristics from an earth-orbit geometry to provide design information for future radar remote-sensors. The technical approach is that of measuring the power impulse response of the scattering surface. The hardware is designed to operate in five modes: waveform or impulse-response measurement and altitude determination; radar cross-section experiment; signal correlation experiment; 10-nsec pulse-compression evaluation; and nadir-seeker experiment.
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    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 63
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    Microbial detection method based on sensing molecular hydrogen (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach involving the measurement of hydrogen evolution by test organisms was used to detect and enumerate various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The experimental setup for measuring hydrogen evolution consisted of a test tube containing two electrodes plus broth and organisms. The test tube was kept in a water bath at a temperature of 35 C. It is pointed out that the hydrogen-sensing method, coupled with the pressure transducer technique reported by Wilkins (1974) could be used in various experiments in which gas production by microorganisms is being measured.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 64
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    Holography and the control of self-propelled vehicles (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The possibility of applying the principles of holography and optical data processing in the control of self-propelled space vehicles is considered. Various methods of controlling space vehicles are described: (1) by the results of comparing the image with the standard hologram; (2) by holographic images transmitted over moon earth communications channels; and (3) on the basis of using autotelevision cameras with a three dimensional screen. Procedures are presented for obtaining the standard holograms. The structural organization of the microprogrammed automaton controlling the movement of the space vehicle is also presented.
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    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 111-142
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  • 65
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    Treatment of the external epicondylitis of the humerus with a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The therapeutic effect of a constant and varying magnetic field on epicondylitis of the humerus is studied on ninety patients. Good results are obtained from the treatment (recovery of 80%, considerable improvement in 14.5%). The method is recommended for clinical application.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 191-197
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  • 66
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    Effect of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood of patients with hypertension (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The data which have been obtained on the influence of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood indicate that the wearing of magnetic bracelets results in a decrease in the coagulation activity of the blood and an increase in the activity of the anticoagulation system. These changes must be viewed as favorable for patients with cardiovascular pathology.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 167-190
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  • 67
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    Changes in the fibrinogen-fibrin system following a 20-hour exposure of rabbits to a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prolonged exposure of animals to a constant magnetic field resulted in a sharp increase in the amount of fibrinogen. The addition of EACA to the plasma of experimental rabbits as well as protamine sulfate caused an additional increase in the amount of fibrinogen. A 20-hour exposure was accompanied by phenomena of paralysis of the pelvic limbs and death of some of the animals.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 163-166
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on the fibrinogen-fibrin system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effect of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the fibrinogen-fibrin system was studied in the organism of healthy rabbits with exposure times of 1 and 5 hours. The results obtained indicate disruptions in the stage of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and an increase in the amount of fibrinogen.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 157-161
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  • 69
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on thrombocytes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In an experiment on white mice it was found that a constant electromagnetic field with strength of 250-275 oersteds is biologically active at an exposure of 55 minutes. Qualitative and morphological changes in thrombocytes 1-3 days following exposure reduced their numbers, prolonged blood coagulation time and increased the number of leucocytes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 141-147
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  • 70
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    The protective effect of a constant magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The protective effect of a constant magnetic field sharply reduced spontaneous lysis of E. coli cells when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. A protective effect of a CMF was found in a study of tissue cultures of normally growing cells (kidney epithelium) and cancer cells (cells from a cancer of the larynx). The protective effect of a CMF is also seen in a combined exposure of tissue cultures to X-rays and CMF energy (strength of the CMF was 2000 oersteds with a gradient of 500 oersteds/cm). The data obtained are of interest to experimental oncology (development of new methods of treating malignant tumors).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 148-156
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  • 71
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    Method of magnetobiological indication in clinical laboratory practice (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data are presented on the use of the method of magnetobiological indication for defining the immunobiological state of patients with very serious diseases. It has been found that the enzymes of a patient react more sensitively to the energy from a magnetic field. It is important that the magnetoreactivity of the enzymes, like the cell forms of the blood in the patients, have a certain relationship to the clinical-nosological forms and the dynamics of the illness of the subject.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 129-140
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  • 72
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    Influence of a constant and variable magnetic field on the coagulation of human blood in vitro and in vivo (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of constant and varying magnetic fields on the coagulation of the blood was studied in experiments performed in vitro and vivo. In the in vitro tests it was found that a constant magnetic field with a strength of 100 or 200 oersteds influences the coagulation of the blood, retarding it in some cases and speeding up the coagulation time in others. In the in vivo studies, both retarding and accelerating effects were likewise observed with respect to the coagulation of the blood, but the nature of the change was a function of the background. A normalizing effect of the magnetic field on the coagulation of the blood was observed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 124-128
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  • 73
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    Change in fibrinolytic activity under the influence of a constant magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 117-123
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  • 74
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    Change in blood coagulation indices as a function of the incubation period of plasma in a constant magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 and 2500 oersteds on the recalcification reaction and the tolerance of plasma to heparin was studied as a function of the exposure time of the plasma to the CMF. The maximum and reliable change in the activation of the coagulatory system of the blood was observed after a 20-hour incubation of the plasma in a CMF. As the exposure time increased, the recalcification reaction changed insigificantly; the difference between the mean arithmetic of the experiment and control values was not statistically reliable. The tolerance of the plasma to heparin as a function of the exposure time to the CMF of the plasma was considerably modified, an was statistically reliable.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 109-116
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  • 75
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    Repeated action of a constant magnetic field on the blood coagulation system in artificially produced anemia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Changes are discussed in the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits under the influence of a constant magnetic field of an intensity of 2500 oersteds against the background of artificially induced anemia. Reversibility of the changes produced and the presence of the adaptational effect are noted. Taking all this into consideration, the changes involving the coagulatory system of the blood which arise under the influence of a constant magnetic field may be considered to have a nerve-reflex nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 97-108
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  • 76
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    The influence of a constant magnetic field on the coagulatory system of the blood in an experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits was studied; the animals were subjected to this field for one and five hours. The magnetic field acts on the coagulatory system of the blood after only one hour exposure. Repeated 5-hour exposures cause activation of the anticoagulatory system in the blood and causes distinctive effects on the subsequent changes in the coagulatory system of the blood. It is quite likely that in this instance the adaptational properties of the organism make themselves felt.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 82-96
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  • 77
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    Effect of a magnetic field of extremely low intensity on the coagulatory system of the blood (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a magnetic field of 10,000 gamma on the conditions of the coagulatory system of rabbits was studied. The results from a number of experiments indicate that the action of a very weak magnetic field produces an increase in the coagulatory activity of the blood.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 73-81
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  • 78
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    Reactions of the nervous system to magnetic fields (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This magnetobiological survey considers sensory, nervous, stress and genetic effects of magnetic fields on man and animals. It is shown that the nervous system plays an important role in the reactions of the organism to magnetic fields; the final biological effect is a function of the strength of the magnetic fields, the gradient, direction of the lines of force, duration and location of the action, and the functional status of the organism.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 59-72
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  • 79
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    Results of comparison of the dynamics of the epidemic process with changes in the planetary index of magnetic disturbance (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Possible pathways for the action of factors related to solar activity and its magnetic effects on the epidemic process are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 31-38
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  • 80
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    Statistical evaluation of the significance of the influence of abrupt changes in solar activity on the dynamics of the epidemic process (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Statistical evaluations of the significance of the relationship of abrupt changes in solar activity and discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of an epidemic process are reported. They reliably (with probability of more than 99.9%) show the real nature of this relationship and its great specific weight (about half) in the formation of discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of the processes in question.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 49-58
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  • 81
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    The problem of the periodicity of the epidemic process (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis of data from epidemics makes it possible to determine their principal causes, governed by environmental factors (solar activity, etc.) The results of an analysis of the periodicity of the epidemic process in the case of diphtheria are presented which was conducted with the aid of autocorrelation and spectral methods of analysis. Numerical data (annual figures) are used on the dynamics of diphtheria in 50 regions (points) with a total duration of 2,777 years.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 39-48
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  • 82
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    The influence of weather on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis indices by month showed an increase in the activity of these processes from winter to summer (1967-1968). At all seasons of the year, fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis increase during weather of the cyclonic type with passage of fronts and sharp fluctuations in meteorological factors in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 24-30
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  • 83
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    Fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis on magnetically-active days (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On magnetically-active days, activation of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis is observed. The increase in fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis begins on the day of the onset of a magnetic storm, reaching a maximum in 24 hours. Activation is higher on days with magnetic storms with a sudden onset and a C index of 1.5-2.0.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 16-20
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  • 84
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    Influence of synoptic processes on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis in healthy persons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that on days with frontal activity in the atmosphere the levels of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. The reactions of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis to the passage of warm and cold fronts varies with the season of the year.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 20-23
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  • 85
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    Influence of solar activity on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During periods of high solar activity fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. A direct correlative relationship is established between the indices of fibrinolysis, fibrinogenolysis and solar flares which were recorded two days before the blood was collected for analysis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 12-15
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  • 86
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    Notes on the concept of normal values employed in clinical practice (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of the considerable variations in various blood parameters under the influence of changes in environmental factors is discussed. Recommendations are given that so-called normal values should be given special attention. Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity studies on the blood in healthy human beings revealed significant differences for individual months and even on specific days. Changes in the activity of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis show a correlation with changes in the meteorological conditions, seasonal variations and changes in solar activity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 9-11
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  • 87
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    Heliobiology, its development, successes and tasks (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heliobiology studies the influence of changes in solar activity on life. Considered are the influence of periodic solar activity on the development and growth of epidemics, mortality from various diseases, the functional activity of the nervous system, the development of psychic disturbances, the details of the development of microorganisms and many other phenomena in the living world.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 1-8
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  • 88
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    Electronic power generators for ultrasonic frequencies (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction of an ultrasonic frequency electronic power generator are discussed. The principle design elements of the generator are illustrated. The generator provides an inductive load with an output power of two kilowatts and a variable output frequency in the fifteen to thirty KiloHertz range. The method of conducting the tests and the results obtained with selected materials are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 33-39
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  • 89
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    Portable apparatus with CRT display for nondestructive testing of concrete by the ultrasonic pulse method (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of methods for the nondestructive study of concrete structures is discussed. The nondestructive test procedure is based on the method of ultrasonic pulse transmission through the material. The measurements indicate that the elastic properties of concrete or other heterogeneous materials are a function of the rate of ultrasonic propagation. Diagrams of the test equipment are provided. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical aspects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 27-32
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  • 90
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    Method of vibration analysis using holographic interferometry and heterodyne optical detection (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method of studying thin plate vibrations with the aid of a laser beam is discussed. Through a suitable combination of time-average holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry, and heterodyne optical detection, it is possible to obtain complete information on the vibration parameters of modes, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The method has the advantage of three dimensional global observation, noncontact, and high precision measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 7-14
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  • 91
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    On the ultrasonic holography (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of a system of ultrasonic holography is discussed. The limitations of the acousto-optical transformers, the scanning method, and the Pohlman cell are analyzed. The application of the free liquid surface deformation method is emphasized. The test equipment required for the liquid surface deformation method is described. An illustration of a typical test installation is provided.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 1-6
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  • 92
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    Holography with standing surface plasma waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Holography with standing surface plasma waves, where both reference and object beams propagate in opposite directions, has been investigated using an Al reflection grating coated with evaporated As2S3 layers. The image, which appears only for p-polarization and at certain critical angles, is enhanced by the Lippman-Bragg effect and by an increase in intensity over ordinary holography approximately equal to the absolute value of the real part of the dielectric constant for Al. Also considered is holography with object light alone in photoresist layers, using the beam-splitting properties of the grating.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics Communications; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 93
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    Porous leak evaluation and application to calibration of a high-pressure ion gauge (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; Sept
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  • 94
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    Dustsonde and lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosols - A comparison (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparison of lidar and in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosol profiles obtained by backscattered ruby laser light and by direct in situ sampling over Laramie, Wyoming, on two nights in mid-September 1972. The lidar backscattering and the particle number density profiles correlated well. Based on these initial comparative experiments, the ground-based lidar coupled with temperature soundings appears to be a possible method for determining the relative aerosol profile under given stratospheric loading conditions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 95
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    Rhythmic variation in heart rate and respiration rate during space flight - Apollo 15 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As part of the operational biomedical monitoring for Apollo manned missions, ECG and respiration rate are telemetered at selected intervals to mission control. The data were collected as part of this monitoring program. These data were evaluated for circadian and ultradian rhythmicity because of their uniqueness. The ability to detect and quantitate biorhythms in living systems during space flight is an important aspect of evaluating hypotheses concerning the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. Circadian variation in heart rate during space flight is demonstrated here. In analyzing generated time series data it has been found that period discrimination is much better than the theoretical limit.
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  • 96
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    Hydrocortisone and ACTH levels in manned spaceflight (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The plasma hydrocortisone, plasma ACTH, and urinary hydrocortisone values were recorded for each man of the crews of Apollo flights eight through fifteen, 30, 14, and 5 days before flight, immediately after spaceflight recovery, and on future days until the return of most variables to preflight values. The plasma and urinary preflight hydrocortisone values were significantly higher than the postflight values. This result is discussed in terms of three possible explanations: (1) the adrenal-cortical function is suppressed during spaceflight; (2) the activity in flight may amount to stressful exercise, which tests have shown can cause a decrease in plasma adrenocortical hormones; and (3) the in-flight work-rest cycles may be such as to affect the circadian periodicity of the pituitary-adrenal function.
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  • 97
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    Fabrication of an extreme ultraviolet glancing incidence telescope (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for use in the fabrication of glancing incidence telescopes which operate at large grazing angles (i.e., 8 to 15 degrees). Precision conic section plunge laps are used in a controlled grinding procedure to initially generate imaging surfaces which have a minimum of subsurface damage. A numerically controlled Moore Number 3 Measuring Machine is used throughout the fabrication procedure. Surface geometry accuracies on the order of one-tenth micron have been achieved.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; Mar
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  • 98
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    Fine structure of tannin accumulations in callus cultures of Pinus elliotti /slash pine/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Canadian Journal of Botany; 52; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 99
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    An induction into the design of flight test instrumentation systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The development of flight test instrumentation systems based on specific requirements for the flight tests is discussed. The factors which influence the instrumentation system design are described. The use of a measurements list as a device for determining flight test requirements is explained. A block diagram of a typical flight test instrumentation system is provided. The effects of factors such as cost, schedule, personnel, accuracy, environmental qualifications, and reliability are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AGARD AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Ser., Vol. 1; 9 p
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  • 100
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    Microbial detection method based on sensing molecular hydrogen (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple method for detecting bacteria, based on the time of hydrogen evolution, was developed and tested against various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The test system consisted of (1) two electrodes, platinum and a reference electrode, (2) a buffer amplifier, and (3) a strip-chart recorder. Hydrogen evolution was measured by an increase in voltage in the negative (cathodic) direction. A linear relationship was established between inoculum size and the time hydrogen was detected (lag period). Lag times ranged from 1 h for 1 million cells/ml to 7 h for 1 cell/ml. For each 10-fold decrease in inoculum, length of the lag period increased 60 to 70 min. Based on the linear relationship between inoculum and lag period, these results indicate the potential application of the hydrogen-sensing method for rapidly detecting coliforms and other gas-producing microorganisms in a variety of clinical, food, and other samples.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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