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  • Cells, Cultured  (54)
  • In Vitro Techniques  (47)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (101)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1975-1979  (101)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (101)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in human fetal liver (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a biotransformation product of theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) in the human fetus. Liver explants, obtained from human fetuses with gestational ages of 12 to 20 weeks, were incubated with theophylline and produced caffeine and, in lesser amounts, 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. These findings suggest that the predominant pathway in theophylline metabolism in the fetus and newborn infant is the methylation reaction producing caffeine. This may contribute to the neonate's exceedingly slower elimination of caffeine relative to theophylline. Caffeine produced from theophylline may add to the pharmacologic effects of theophylline in newborn infants with apnea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aranda, J V -- Louridas, A T -- Vitullo, B B -- Thom, P -- Aldridge, A -- Haber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apnea/drug therapy ; Biotransformation ; Caffeine/*biosynthesis/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Cells, Cultured ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/*embryology/metabolism ; Methylation ; Theophylline/*metabolism/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Enhanced 5-fluorouracil nucleotide formation after methotrexate administration: explanation for drug synergism (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: Exposure of L1210 leukemia cells first to 0.1 to 100 micromolar methotrexate and then to 10 micromolar 5-fluorouracil produces a synergistic effect on the number of cells killed in culture. Methotrexate dose-related increases occur in the concentrations of intracellular 5-fluorouracil ribonucleotides and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and in the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into RNA. These increases are correlated with increased concentrations of intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. It is proposed that the enhanced formation of ribonucleotides of 5-fluorouracil and the subsequent incorporation of these compounds into RNA in methotrexate-treated cells may account for synergism between these agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cadman, E -- Heimer, R -- Davis, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Synergism ; Fluorouracil/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Leukemia L1210 ; Methotrexate/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate/metabolism ; RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/metabolism ; Thymidylate Synthase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Neuronal chemotaxis: chick dorsal-root axons turn toward high concentrations of nerve growth factor (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Micropipettes containing 2 to 50 biological units of beta growth factor (NGF) were placed near growing axons of chick dorsal-root ganglion neurons in tissue culture. The axons turned and grew toward the NGF source within 21 minutes. This turning response to elevated concentrations of NGF appears to represent chemotactic guidance rather than a general enhancement of growth rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gundersen, R W -- Barrett, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1079-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/growth & development/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ganglia, Spinal/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology
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  • 4
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    Specific nonopiate receptors for beta-endorphin (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: Iodinated beta H-[2-D-alanine]endorphin exhibits specific binding to cultured human lymphocytes. The binding is inhibited by low concentrations of beta-endorphin and its D-alanine derivative, but is not affected by opiate agonists and antagonists, or by enkephalin analogs, beta-lipotropin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; this suggests the existence of a specific, non-opiate binding site (receptor) for beta-endorphin. The carboxy-terminal region of beta-endorphin is essential for this binding activity, since alpha-endorphin is not active. beta-Endorphin may be a circulating hormone with peripheral physiological effects that are not primarily mediated through interactions with opiate or enkephalin receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hazum, E -- Chang, K J -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1033-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Endorphins/blood/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Chicken gizzard: relation between calcium-activated phosphorylation and contraction (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: Of the proteins in mechanically disrupted chicken gizzard fibers (no functional sarcolemma) only the 20,000-dalton light chains of myosin underwent large Ca2+-and Sr2+-dependent changes in phosphorylation. Phosphorylation closely corresponded with the Ca2+- and Sr2+-activated tensions. Adenosine 5'-O (3'-thiotriphosphate) only in the presence of Ca2+ induced irreversible Ca2+-insensitive activation of tension and thiophosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton light chains, and blocked incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]adenosine triphosphate into the myosin light chains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoar, P E -- Kerrick, W G -- Cassidy, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):503-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Chickens ; Gizzard/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiology ; Myosins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Norepinephrine inhibits calcium-dependent potentials in rat sympathetic neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Norepinephrine reversibly antagonizes three calcium-dependent potentials recorded from rat postganglionic neurons. Norepinephrine inhibits the development of a shoulder on the aciton potential, the magnitude of the hyperpolarizing afterpotential, and the rate of rise and amplitude of the calcium spike. The action of norepinephrine is antagonized by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, but not by MJ 1999, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. These results suggest that activation of an alpha-adrenergic receptor may antagonize a voltage-sensitive calcium current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horn, J P -- McAfee, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ganglia, Autonomic/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
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  • 7
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    Inosine may be an endogenous ligand for benzodiazepine receptors on cultured spinal neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to study the membrane effects of the benzodiazepine flurazepam and the naturally occurring purine nucleoside inosine, which competes for benzodiazepine receptor sites in the central nervous system. Application of inosine elicited two types of transmitter-like membrane effects: a rapidly desensitizing excitatory response and a nondesensitizing inhibitory response. Flurazepam produced a similar excitatory response which showed cross-desensitization with the purine excitation. Flurazepam also blocked the inhibitory inosine response. The results provide electrophysiological evidence that an endogenous purine can activate two different conductances on spinal neurons and that flurazepam can activate one of the conductances and antagonize the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, J F -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- Marangos, P J -- Skolnick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Flurazepam/antagonists & inhibitors ; Inosine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism
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  • 8
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    New information about the development of the autonomic nervous system (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):434-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Adrenergic Fibers/growth & development ; Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System/*growth & development ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinergic Fibers/growth & development ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neural Crest/cytology ; Neural Pathways/growth & development ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    DNA synthesis and mitosis in adult amphibian cardiac muscle cells in vitro (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: High-resolution autoradiography and fine structural analysis of adult newt heart tissue in long-term culture revealed that tritiated thymidine was concentrated in the nuclei of dedifferentiated myocardial cells. Mitotic chromosomes were observed in some of these cells. This demonstrates that adult amphibian myocardial cells in vitro are capable of DNA synthesis and mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nag, A C -- Healy, C J -- Cheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1281-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; *Mitosis ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Salamandridae ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Angiogenesis in the mouse cornea (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: We have developed a method that permits analysis of neovascular responses in the mouse cornea. Using this method we have demonstrated that both allogeneic lymphocytes and a variety of tumors can induce angiogenesis, but that only the latter appear capable of eliciting secondary capillary sprouting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muthukkaruppan, V -- Auerbach, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cornea/*blood supply ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microcirculation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*blood supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Receptor-mediated internalization of fluorescent chemotactic peptide by human neutrophils (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: Tetramethylrhodamine labeled N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys is a potent chemoattractant for human neutrophils. Binding of this peptide to living neutrophils was observed by means of video intensification microscopy. At 37 degrees C, diffuse membrane fluorescence was seen initially, followed by rapid aggregation and internalization of the fluorescent peptide. These processes are dependent on specific binding to the formal peptide chemotactic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niedel, J E -- Kahane, I -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1412-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Distribution of RNA transcripts from structural and intervening sequences of the ovalbumin gene (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: A study was made of the function of the intervening sequences in the ovalbumin gene, Radioactively labeled DNA probes for the intervening sequences were prepared and RNA's were isolated from whole cells, nuclei, and polysomes of estrogen-stimulated chick oviducts. The concentrations of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts from ovalbumin structural sequences (mRNAov) and transcripts corresponding to intervening sequences were then estimated by hybridization to cloned DNA probes. Oviduct tissue contains approximately 58,000 molecules of mRNAov sequences per tubular gland cell and most of these sequences are present in the cytoplasm. In contrast, there are 200 to 300 molecules of RNA per cell which are transcribed from the intervening sequences of the natural ovalbumin gene and almost all of these are found in the nucleus. The difference in distribution of structural and intervening sequence transcripts suggests that, unlike mature mRNA, the intervening sequences are not preferentially transported to cytoplasmic polysomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, M J -- Tsai, S Y -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chickens ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *Genes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; Ovalbumin/*genetics ; Oviducts ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Substance P: evidence for diverse roles in neuronal function from cultured mouse spinal neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to examine the membrane mechanisms of action of the peptide substance P. Two functionally distinct actions were observed, one being a rapidly desensitizing excitation, and the other being a dose-dependent, reversible depression of excitatory responses to the putative amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate. These effects on excitability suggest that substance P may play more than one role in intercellular communication in the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vincent, J D -- Barker, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1409-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Neural Inhibition ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology ; Substance P/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 14
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    Chloroxymorphamine, and opioid receptor site-directed alkylating agent having narcotic agonist activity (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Chloroxymorphamine, the 6beta-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl) derivative of oxymorphone, is a potent nonequilibrium narcotic agonist in the longitudinal muscle preparation of guinea pig ileum. The corresponding naltrexone analog,chlornaltrexamine, is a potent nonequilibrium antagonist of morphine. These receptor sitedirected alkylating agents possess considerable potenial as pharmacologic and biochemical probes of apoid receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caruso, T P -- Takemori, A E -- Larson, D L -- Portoghese, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/86208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alkylating Agents ; Animals ; Chlorambucil/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydromorphone/*analogs & derivatives ; In Vitro Techniques ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds/*pharmacology ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Oxymorphone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects
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  • 15
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    Molecular cloning of polyoma virus DNA in Escherichia coli: lambda phage vector system (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: The biological activity of recombinant phage and recombinant phage DNA containing monomeric or dimeric polyoma DNA inserts was examined in mice and cultured mouse cells. Recombinant preparations containing a single copy of viral DNA were invariably noninfectious; molecules containing a dimeric polyoma DNA insert were at least seven orders of magnitude less infectious than polyoma virions after parenteral inoculation. No infection was detected with any recombinant preparation after oral administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, H W -- Israel, M A -- Garon, C F -- Rowe, W P -- Martin, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):887-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/217088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Coliphages/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; *DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Mice ; Polyomavirus/*genetics ; Risk ; Tumor Virus Infections/*genetics ; Virus Replication
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  • 16
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    Permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channels in mammalian cell juncton (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: The channels in the junctions of various mammalian cell types--primary cultures and lines--were probed with a series of linear fluorescent amino acid and peptide molecules of different size and charge. Permeability is limited by probe size and electronegativity, these two factors apparently being related reciprocally. In respect to both factors, mammalian junctional channels are more restrictive than insect channels; hence the mammalian channels are narrower, more polar, or both. The channels of the various mammalian cell types differed slightly from each other; in some types the serum of the culture medium affected the channel permeability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flagg-Newton, J -- Simpson, I -- Loewenstein, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Kidney ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Species Specificity
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  • 17
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    Heavy metals affect rod, but not cone, photoreceptors (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Low concentrations of lead, mercury, or cadmium depress the amplitude of the rod receptor potential in the perfused bullfrog retina. Responses from the cones were not affected. The data implicate the rods as a lesion site in animals exhibiting scotopic vision deficits as a result of heavy metal poisoning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, D A -- Sillman, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):78-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/314667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Cadmium/*pharmacology ; Cations, Divalent ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lead/*pharmacology ; Mercury/*pharmacology ; Photoreceptor Cells/*drug effects/physiology ; Rana catesbeiana
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    Nanosecond X-ray diffraction from biological samples with a laser-produced plasma source (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: By using 4.45-angstrom radiation generated by Cl+15 ions in a laser plasma and nanosecond exposures, low-angle x-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from dried rat spinal nerves and a powder of cholesterol. Three to four 400-picosecond, 45-joule pulses were required for the exposure. This new technique should have wide application in structural kinetic studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankel, R D -- Forsyth, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cholesterol ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Lasers ; Neurons/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; Time Factors ; X-Ray Diffraction/*methods
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    Galactosemia: alterations in sulfate metabolism secondary to galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: Cultures of nonmutant as well as galactokinase-deficient fibroblasts incorporate 20 percent more [35S]sulfate when galactose is substituted for glucose in the medium; galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase-deficient cells incorporate 65.5 percent less. In addition to incorporating less [35S]sulfate, the uridyltransferase-deficient cells showed significant accumulation of intracellular galactose-1-phosphate within 4 hours after galactose exposure. Under the same conditions, no difference in [3H]uridine incorporation was observed. This metabolic alteration, occurring in response to galactose exposure, may be related to the pathophysiology of classical galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tedesco, T A -- Miller, K L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosemias/*metabolism ; Galactosephosphates/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Nucleotidyltransferases/*deficiency ; Sulfates/*metabolism ; UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/*deficiency
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  • 20
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    Lens epithelial cell elongation in the absence of microtubules: evidence for a new effect of colchicine (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-16
    Description: Embryonic chick lens epithelial cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium elongated in the absence of microtubules after treatment with the antimicrotubule drug nocodazole. Colchicine, at concentrations lower than those that dissociate microtubules, blocks cell elongation and the associated increase in cell volume. These results indicate that an increase in cell volume, not microtubules, is responsible for lens cell elongation and suggest a previously undescribed effect of colchicine on cell volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beebe, D C -- Feagans, D E -- Blanchette-Mackie, E J -- Nau, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 16;206(4420):836-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacology ; Carbamates/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Colchicine/*pharmacology ; Epithelium/ultrastructure ; Lens, Crystalline/*cytology ; Microtubules/*drug effects
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  • 21
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    "Sontaneous" neoplastic transformation in vitro: a form of foreign body (smooth surface) tumorigenesis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: Explants of subcutaneous connective tissue from adult BALB/c mice into plastic petri dishes were serially subcultured and tested for tumorigenicity in two ways: by the subcutaneous implantation of cells attached to plastic plates (1 by 5 by 10 millimeters), and by the subcutaneous injection of cells suspended in saline. Cells grown in vitro for 18 or more days before being implanted attached to a plastic plate (2.4 x 10(4) to 3.4 x 10(5) cells per plate) formed tumors after 24 to 79 weeks. The latent period before tumor appearance correlated inversely with the time spent by the cells in tissue culture. Cells inoculated in saline suspension (10 to 100 times the above number per plate) did not form tumors until after 84 days in vitro; plates alone did not induce tumor formation within more than 1 1/2 years of implantation. The tumors arising from the plate-attached cells were transplantable without plates and histologically appeared to be undifferentiated sarcomas. It is well established that smooth-surfaced foreign bodies, regardless of their chemical composition, will produce sarcomas when transplanted subcutaneously in rodents. We interpret our data, particularly the decrease in tumor latent period with time spent in tissue culture, as indicating that a smooth surface was acting as a carcinogen first in vitro (the surface of the tissue culture dish) and then in vivo (the surface of the plastic plate).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boone, C W -- Takeichi, N -- Eaton, S D -- Paranjpe, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Foreign-Body Reaction/*complications ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*etiology ; *Plastics ; Sarcoma, Experimental/etiology ; Time Factors
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    Noncycling tumor cells are sensitive targets for the antiproliferative activity of human interferon (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Resting Burkitt's lymphoma cells (Daudi) in culture are more sensitive targets for the antiproliferative activity of purified human fibroblast interferon than cells that are rapidly multiplying. Thus, interferon may be of significant clinical value in neoplasms involving stem cells and, after chemotherapy, in suppressing the reemergence of tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horoszewicz, J S -- Leong, S S -- Carter, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1091-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy/pathology ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interferons/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Lymphocytes/drug effects
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    Developmental fate of skeletal muscle satellite cells (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: Radioisotopically labeled satellite cells from clonal cultures were implanted into normal muscle of the original donor. Implanted cells invariably retained their myogenic potential by participating in the regeneration of damaged myofibers or in the development of existing fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipton, B H -- Schultz, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Coturnix ; Muscles/cytology/*physiology/transplantation ; Rats ; *Regeneration ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 24
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    Sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes after exposure to diagnostic ultrasound (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges increased in freshly isolated human lymphocytes as well as in a continuously growing lymphoblast line by exposure to diagnostic levels of ultrasound for 30 minutes. The results confirm previous findings indicating that ultrasound of diagnostic intensities can affect the DNA of animal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liebeskind, D -- Bases, R -- Mendez, F -- Elequin, F -- Koenigsberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1273-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; *Chromatids ; *Crossing Over, Genetic ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; *Ultrasonics/adverse effects
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  • 25
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    Mediatory role of calcium and guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in adrenocorticotropin-induced steroidogenesis by adrenal cells (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-23
    Description: When incubated in a calcium-free medium, isolated rat fasciculata cells showed neither an increase in the concentration of guanocine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) nor an increase in corticosterone production in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In response to submaximum and maximum steroidogenic concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone formation was directly proportional to increases in calcium concentration ranging from 0 to 2.5 mM. Higher concentration of calcium, however, inhibited maximal ACTH-induced steroidogenesis. In the absence of ACTH, calcium did not stimulate cyclic GMP accumulation and corticosterone formation. ACTH-induced corticosterone synthesis, preceded by an increase in cyclic GMP, was restored when ACTH and calcium were both present in the medium. Cyclic GMP or dibutryl cyclic GMP-induced steroidogenesis was substantially reduced in the absence of calcium, but in contrast to the ACTH effect a significant amount of corticosterone formation occurred without calcium. It is proposed that at the physiological concentrations of the hormone, calcium regulates the transduction of information between hormone receptors and guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perchellet, J P -- Sharma, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 23;203(4386):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/*drug effects/metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*biosynthesis ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cyclic GMP/*pharmacology ; Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Models, Biological ; Rats
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    Simultaneous production of Q and R bands after staining with chromomycin A3 or olivomycin (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Human and mouse chromosomes, stained with either chromomycin A3 or olivomycin, which bind preferentially to G - C-rich DNA (where G is guanosine and C is cytosine), exhibit a Q or a reverse banding pattern, depending on the wavelength used for excitation. The two complementary banding patterns can be observed in the same metaphase simply by changing the combination of excitation filters. These data suggest, therefore, that in addition to base composition, other factors are involved in the production of chromosome banding by chromomycin A3 and olivomycin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prantera, G -- Bonaccorsi, S -- Pimpinelli, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):79-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/86207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Centromere/ultrastructure ; *Chromomycins ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; *Dna ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Mice ; *Olivomycins ; Staining and Labeling
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    Human macrophage migration inhibition factor: evidence for subunit structure (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) derived from human lymphoid cell lines was found to lose biologic activity on dialysis. Although activity was not recovered in the dialyzate, mixing experiments demonstrated that the components in the retentate and dialyzate could reassociate to restore activity. The fragment of larger molecular weight (less than 10,000) could inhibit the activity of intact MIF, whereas the smaller molecular weight fragment (5,000 to 10,000) could not. These findings suggest that human MIF is composed of at least two noncovalently linked subunits. In analogy to the situation for certain bacterial toxins, one of these may represent an attachment piece for a target cell membrane receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Possanza, G -- Cohen, M C -- Yoshida, T -- Cohen, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):300-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Dialysis ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; Molecular Weight
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  • 28
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    Goldfish retina: a correlate between cone activity and morphology of the horizontal cell in clone pedicules (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-29
    Description: In the cone pedicules, the digitations of horizontal cell process lateral to the synaptic ribbon disappear after dark adaptation. This disappearance is correlated with the loss of color opponency and cone function shown in ganglion cell recordings in isolated retinas. Cone function and color-opponent responses are restored by reapplying background light.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raynauld, J P -- Laviolette, J R -- Wagner, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 29;204(4400):1436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Dark Adaptation ; Ganglia/physiology ; Goldfish ; In Vitro Techniques ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Retina/*physiology
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  • 29
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    Calcification of differentiating skeletal mesenchyme in vitro (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: Embryonic limb-bud mesenchyme was induced to calcify in culture by the addition of 3 mM inorganic phosphate to the medium. Phosphate enhanced calcification of the matrix produced by mesenchymal or fibroblast-like cells, whereas no calcification was evident in areas where cartilage had developed. However, calcification was induced throughout the cell layer by altering the cartilage matrix properties with certain enzymes or by changing the phenotypic expression of the cells with vitamin A.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Binderman, I -- Greene, R M -- Pennypacker, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):222-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development/drug effects ; Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology ; *Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Collagen/physiology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Proteoglycans/physiology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
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    Synaptic phosphoproteins: specific changes after repetitive stimulation of the hippocampal slice (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Repetitive stimulation (100 pulses per second for 1 second) of the Schafer collateral-commissural system of the rat hippocampus induces long-term potentiation of synaptic strength and produces significant changes in the subsequent endogenous phosphorylation of a 40,000-dalton protein from synaptic plasma membranes. This effect is not observed after stimulation in calcium-deficient media or after simulation at the rate of one pulse per second for 100 seconds. These findings provide evidence that repetitive synaptic activation can alter the phosphorylation machinery of the synaptic region and suggest a biochemical process which may be involved in the production of neuronal plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Browning, M -- Dunwiddie, T -- Bennett, W -- Gispen, W -- Lynch, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):60-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    Dendritic growth in the aged human brain and failure of growth in senile dementia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-11-16
    Description: Golgi-stained dendrites of single randomly chosen layer-II pyramidal neurons in the human parahippocampal gyrus were quantified with a computer-microscope system. In nondemented aged cases (average age, 79.6 years), dendritic trees were more extensive than in adult cases (average age, 51.2), with most of the difference resulting from increases in the number and average length of terminal segments of the dendritic tree. These results provide morphological evidence for plasticity in the mature and aged human brain. In senile dementia (average age, 76.0), dendritic trees were less extensive than in adult brains, largely because their terminal segments were fewer and shorter. Cells with shrunken dendritic trees were found in all brains. These data suggest a model of aging in the central nervous system in which one population of neurons dies and regresses and the other survives and grows. The latter appears to be the dominant population in aging without dementia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buell, S J -- Coleman, P D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 16;206(4420):854-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Aging ; Cells, Cultured ; Dementia/pathology/*physiopathology ; Dendrites/pathology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged
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    Effect of fluorine substitution on the agonist specificity of norepinephrine (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Substitution of fluorine for hydrogen in position 2, 5, or 6 of the aromatic ring of norepinephrine markedly alters the alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist properties of norephinephrine. The 6-fluoro isomer is an beta-adrenergic agonist with virtually no beta agonist activity, while the 2-fluoro isomer is a beta-adrenergic agonist with little alpha activity. The 5-fluoro isomer is equipotent with norepinephrine as an alpha agonist and significantly more potent as a beta agonist. The possible physiochemical basis for these differences is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantacuzene, D -- Kirk, K L -- McCulloh, D H -- Creveling, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1217-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Fluorine ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydrogen Bonding ; In Vitro Techniques ; Norepinephrine/*analogs & derivatives/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Cycloheximide-dependent reversion of human cells transformed by MSV and chemical carcinogen (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, at a concentration of 0.08 microgram per milliliter, induced flat morphology within 24 to 48 hours and low saturation density in human osteosarcoma cells transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) or N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Removal of the protein synthesis inhibitor caused both transformed cells to revert to the transformed phenotype. The demonstration of cell-surface antigens, cross-reacted with antiserums induced by extracts of both types of transformed human cells, was dependent on the presence or absence of cycloheximide in the culture medium. The results show that protein synthesis is required to maintain the transformed state in virally or chemically transformed human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, H Y -- Rhim, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):691-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/223242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/analysis ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects/pathology ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cycloheximide/*pharmacology ; *Gammaretrovirus ; Humans ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ; Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis ; *Sarcoma Viruses, Murine
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    Extrapituitary action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: direct inhibition ovarian steroidogenesis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonistic analogs inhibited the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced increase of estrogen and progesterone production in vitro by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Likewise, GnRH analogs inhibited FSH-induced changes in ovarian function in hypophysectomized rats in vivo. These results indicate that GnRH, in addition to its well-known gonadotropin-releasing action in the pituitary, exerts a direct inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsueh, A J -- Erickson, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/375393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Estrogens/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Granulosa Cells/drug effects ; Hypophysectomy ; Ovary/*drug effects/metabolism ; Progestins/*biosynthesis ; Rats
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    Molecular cloning of polyoma virus DNA in Escherichia coli: plasmid vector system (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: A series of recombinant plasmids containing polyoma virus (PY) DNA were constructed, and their biological activity was evaluated in mice and in cultured mouse cells. While all of the recombinants studied contain the complete, potentially infectious viral DNA, in no case was the intact recombinant PY-plasmid DNA, or live Escherichia coli containing the recombinant plasmids, capable of inducing PY infection of mice, either by feeding or by parenteral injection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Israel, M A -- Chan, H W -- Rowe, W P -- Martin, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/217087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Mice ; *Plasmids ; Polyomavirus/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Virus Infections/*genetics ; Virus Replication
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    Circadian clock in culture: N-acetyltransferase activity of chick pineal glands oscillates in vitro (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-16
    Description: N-Acetyltransferase activity was measured in organ-cultured chick pineal glands. A circadian rhythm of enzyme activity persisted in cultured glands for up to 4 days. The phase of the rhythm in vitro closely approximates its phase in vivo. These observations demonstrate that the pineal gland of chicks contains (or is) a self-sustained circadian oscillator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasal, C A -- Menaker, M -- Perez-Polo, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/569904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Darkness ; Pineal Gland/enzymology/*physiology
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  • 37
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    Killing of fibroblasts by dexamethasone or dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate is not a valid test for cystic fibrosis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Assays based on the counting of total cells and of colony-forming cells were used to demonstrate that neither dexamethasone nor dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) kills human fibroblasts under a variety of conditions. These results contradict those of previous studies showing that dexamethasone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP kill a higher percentage of fibroblasts from normal humans than from individuals with cystic fibrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurz, J B -- Perkins, J P -- Buchwald, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/229552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Bucladesine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*diagnosis ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*drug effects ; Humans ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Skin/cytology
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    Premature senescence in cultured skin fibroblasts from subjects with cystic fibrosis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-23
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from subjects with cystic fibrosis exhibited normal population doubling times in early passages. After about 13 cumulative population doublings, cystic fibrosis lines doubled more slowly than controls and ceased doubling after about 19 weekly passages. Control lines continued doubling for 27 passages. The premature senescence noted in cells from subjects with cystic fibrosis reconciles controversial observations of cell doubling reported in the literature. Data presented here demonstrate that experiments with cystic fibrosis cells in late passage may generate misleading results since differences from control lines may be ascribed to generalized senile changes rather than to specific results of the cystic fibrosis genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, B L -- Lam, L F -- Fast, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 23;203(4386):1251-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging ; Cell Division ; *Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Cystic Fibrosis/*pathology ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin/pathology
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    Uncoupling agents distinguish between the effects of metabolic inhibitors and transport inhibitors (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: In studies with toad bladders, the uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) reversed the inhibition of CO2 production produced by direct inhibition of transport. In contrast, DNP did not reverse the inhibition of CO2 production brought about by metabolic inhibitors. Therefore, the response to DNP distinguished between inhibition of transport and metabolism; this approach may be useful for the investigation of factors that regulate active transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiner, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):187-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimycin A/pharmacology ; Biological Transport, Active/*drug effects ; Bufo marinus ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Dinitrophenols/*pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Energy Metabolism/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Rotenone/pharmacology ; Urinary Bladder/metabolism
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    In vitro model for stretch-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-19
    Description: Mechanical stretch of embryonic chicken skeletal myotubes developed in vitro leads to many of the biochemical changes seen in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. These include increased amino acid accumulation, increased incorporation of amino acids into general cellular proteins and myosin heavy chains, and increased accumulation of total protein and myosin heavy chains. This model system should aid in understanding how the growth rate of skeletal muscle is regulated by its activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vandenburgh, H -- Kaufman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 19;203(4377):265-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/569901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Aminoisobutyric Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Hypertrophy ; Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis ; Muscles/metabolism/*physiology ; Myosins/biosynthesis
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    Rabies viruses increase in virulence when propagated in neuroblastoma cell culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Several strains of attenuated rabies virus lacking the capacity to kill adult mice acquired a high lethal potential for mice after one to five serial passages in murine or human neuroblastoma cells. The virulence acquired after passage in neuroblastoma cells is a stable genetic trait retained during subsequent passage of viruses in nonneuroblastoma cell systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1072-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma/*microbiology ; Neurons/microbiology ; Rabies Vaccines/toxicity ; Rabies virus/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Vaccines, Attenuated/toxicity ; Virus Replication
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    Murine lymphoma-induced immunosuppression: requirement for direct tumour cell contact (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: The FBL-3 lymphoma cell line caused impaired antibody formation in vivo when injected into mice intraperitoneally, and in vitro when added to normal syngeneic spleen cells immunized in vitro with sheep erythrocytes. Immunosuppression occurred only when intact viable tumor cells were cocultivated with the normal spleen cells. As few as 10(5) FBL-3 cells, when added to 5 X 10(6) normal cells, impaired antibody formation. However, cell-free extracts of filtrates from even much larger numbers of tumor cells did not affect antibody formation, either in vitro or in vivo. Heating the tumor cells at 56 degrees C or irradiation with as little as 1000 rads completely abolished immunosuppressive activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Separation of viable tumor cells from target antibody-forming cells by cell-impermeable membranes prevented immunosuppression, showing that direct cell-to-cell contact is required for immunosuppression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cimprich, R S -- Specter, S -- Friedman, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):60-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibody Formation ; Cell Communication ; Cells, Cultured ; *Immunosuppression ; Lymphoma/*immunology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
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    Diazepam inhibits myoblast fusion and expression of muscle specific protein synthesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: The presence of diazepam in culutres of chicken embryo myoblasts arrests normal muscle cell differentiation. High concentrations of the drug reversibly prevent myoblasts from fusing to form multinucleated myotubes. Lower concentrations of diazepam allow cell fusion to occur, but inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of myosin heavy chain, implying that cell fusion does not obligate myoblasts to synthesize and accumulate large quantities of muscle specific protein. The effect of diazepam on muscle cells in culture is direct and specific.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bandman, E -- Walker, C R -- Strohman, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/565534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Fusion/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Macromolecular Substances ; Muscles/cytology/*drug effects ; Myosins/*biosynthesis
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    Opiate peptide modulation of amino acid responses suggests novel form of neuronal communication (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to study the electrophysiological pharmacology of the opiate peptide leucine-enkephalin. Enkephalin depressed glutamate-evoked responses in a noncompetitive manner independent of any other effects on membrane properties. The results demonstrate a neuromodulatory action of opiate peptide functionally distinct from the conventional neurotransmitter class of operation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, J L -- Neale, J H -- Smith, T G Jr -- Macdonald, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Glutamates/*pharmacology ; Iontophoresis ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Spinal Cord ; Synapses/*drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects
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  • 45
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    Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle: blockade by high extracellular concentrations of calcium buffers (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: High concentrations (80 to 90 millimolar) of the calcium buffers EGTA and citrate (less than 10(-7) molar free calcium ion) reversibly block excitation-contraction coupling in intact frog skeletal fibers, but do not block caffeine-induced contractures. Solutions containing the same free calcium concentration but lower concentrations of calcium buffer (1 millimolar) do not block excitation-contraction coupling. These results suggest that excitation-contraction coupling requires the presence of calcium in a "protected" extracellular compartment, probably the transverse tubular network, and that calcium is actively transported into this compartment from the muscle cell cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrett, N -- Barrett, E F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1270-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Anura ; Biological Transport, Active ; Calcium/*physiology ; Citrates/pharmacology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscles/*physiology ; Rana pipiens ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
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    Loss of division potential in vitro: aging or differentiation? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: We have examined the hypothesis that diploid cells grown in vitro age, and propose that only proliferative potential and not life-span is telescoped. We suggest that explanted or transplanted diploid cells are driven to divide by the process of subculturing in vitro or in vivo and, in response to this pressure, also complete their differentiation and become refractory to further mitotic stimulation. We conclude that differentiation rather than "mortality" distinguishes diploid from transformed cells and that the former may not age in vitro, but are lost because culture methods are selective for cycling cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, E -- Marek, L F -- Levinstone, D S -- Merrill, C -- Sher, S -- Young, I T -- Eden, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1158-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; *Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts
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  • 47
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    Fallopian tube isthmic mucus and ovum transport (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: The oviduct isthmus is capable of transporting spermatozoa and ova in opposite directions. A column of tenacious mucus that occupies the lumen of the rabbit oviduct isthmus during estrus may permit sperm transport. After ovulation the mucus disappears, with subsequent efforescence of cilia, which probably assist transport of ova to the uterus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/580814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Cilia/physiology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Fallopian Tubes/*physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mucous Membrane/physiology ; Mucus/physiology ; Ovulation/drug effects ; *Ovum Transport ; Rabbits ; *Sperm Transport
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  • 48
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    Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity: abrupt decrease in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate may be signal for "turnoff" (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: Dispersed pinealocytes have been used to study the role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the "turnoff" of N-acetyltransferace activity. Activity was first stimulated 100-fold by treating cells with 1-norepinephrine. 1-Propranolol acted stereospecifically to rapidly reverse this, resulting in a 70 percent loss of enzyme activity within 15 minutes. An even more rapid 1-propranolol-induced decreased in cyclic AMP also occurred. This together with the observation that the inhibitory effect of 1-propranolol on N-acetyltransferase was blocked by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors indicate that an abrupt decrease in cyclic AMP may be the signal for the rapid decrease in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, D C -- Buda, M J -- Kapoor, C L -- Krishna, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Propranolol/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Serotonin
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  • 49
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    Neurotrophic protein regulates muscle acetylcholinesterase in culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Skeletal muscles lose acetylcholinesterase in culture as a result of denervation. A protein fraction isolated from peripheral nerves maintained the level of acetylcholinesterase in cultures of aneural embryonic muscle or denervated adult chicken muscle. These results indicate that trophic regulation of muscle acetylcholinesterase might be mediated by a protein produced by nerves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oh, T H -- Markelonis, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):337-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*pharmacology ; Peripheral Nerves/*physiology
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    Different actions of anticonvulsant and anesthetic barbiturates revealed by use of cultured mammalian neurons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Barbiturate anesthetics, but not anticonvulsants, abolish the spontaneous activity of cultured spinal cord neurons; directly increase membrane conductance, an effect which is suppressed by the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists picrotoxin and penicillin; and are more potent than anticonvulsants in augmenting GABA and depressing glutamate responses. Barbiturate anticonvulsants abolish picrotoxin-induced convulsive activity. These results indicate qualitative and quantitative differences between anesthetic and anticonvulsant barbiturates, which may explain their different clinical effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macdonald, R L -- Barker, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Phenobarbital/*pharmacology ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Specific-opiate-induced depression of transmitter release from dorsal root ganglion cells in culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: The opiate etorphine depresses monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) elicited in spinal cord cells by activation of dorsal root ganglion cells in murine neuronal cell culture. The depression is reversed by naloxone. Statistical analysis of the synaptic responses reveals that the opiate reduces EPSP quantal content at this synapse without altering quantal size. Therefore, the opiate action is presynaptic and affects transmitter release rather than postsynaptic responsiveness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macdonald, R L -- Nelson, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Etorphine/*pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal/*drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Morphinans/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Nerve Endings/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects
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    Potent antidopaminergic activity of estradiol at the pituitary level on prolactin release (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Prior incubation of rat anterior pituitary cells with 17beta-estradiol led to an almost complete reversal of the inhibitory effect of two dopamine agonists, dihydroergocornine and RU 24213, on both basal prolactin release and thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced prolactin release. These experiments thus demonstrate a direct interference of dopamine action by a peripheral hormone. Prolactin secretion by pituitary cells in primary culture could possibly serve as an easily accessible model of a system under dopaminergic control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, V -- Beaulieu, M -- Labrie, F -- Boissier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/418505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dihydroergotoxine/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Dopamine Antagonists ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Phenethylamines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Rats ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
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    Cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by embryonic chick cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: Cells dissociated from 1-day-old chick embryos produce a pulse of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) when stimulated with cyclic AMP. There is a stimulus threshold concentration of about 10(-8) molar cyclic AMP and an upper limit, above which the response is suppressed, of about 6 X 10(-6) molar. The response occurs within 5 seconds of stimulation and corresponds to an average pulse size in the range of 10(7) molecules per cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, A -- Grutsch, J F -- Gingle, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):990-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chick Embryo/cytology/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*biosynthesis/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Radioisotope Dilution Technique
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    Is pump stimulation associated with positive inotropy of the heart? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: A purified sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from cat heart was not stimulated by any concentration of ouabain that produced positive inotropy of cat papilliary muscle. Only inhibition of enzyme activity was observed. Concentrations of ouabain used ranged from 3.3 x 10(-10) molar to 5 x 10(-7) molar and produced an increased force of contraction without any evidence of toxicity. The results are inconsistent with a concept that stimulation of sodium pump activity is associated with positive inotropy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, L -- Pitts, B J -- Schwartz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/149369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Cats ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocardium/*enzymology ; Ouabain/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism
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    Bursting neural networks: a reexamination (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Many of the motor neurons in the lobster (Panulirus interruptus) stomatogastric ganglion exhibit plateau potentials; that is, prolonged regenerative depolarizations resulting from active membrane properties, that drive the neurons to fire impulses during bursts. Plateaus are latent in isolated ganglia but are unmasked by central input. These findings emphasize the role of cellular properties as compared to synaptic wiring in the production of cyclic motor patterns by ensembles of neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, D F -- Hartline, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Nephropidae ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Periodicity
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    Nature and nurture in development of the autonomic neuron (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: Arguments are presented for the hypothesis that during an early stage of development the cells which become principal neurons of the autonomic nervous system possess information regarding the positions they will occupy within the body. A second stage of development, during which a decision is made regarding which neurotransmitter to employ, is delayed until each neuron has assumed its permanent position in the body and has sampled, presumably via its growing axons, the peripheral field which it will innervate. The development of cholinergic mechanisms takes precedence; adrenergic neurons may develop only when cholinergic sites have been occupied. An extended period during which the differentiation of transmitter mechanisms may be modulated permits the neuron to adequately sample the periphery prior to commitment to a specific transmitter economy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunge, R -- Johnson, M -- Ross, C D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1409-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/cytology ; Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System/*embryology/growth & development ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chimera ; Cholinergic Fibers/cytology ; Embryonic Induction ; Ganglia, Autonomic/cytology ; Heart/innervation ; Intestines/innervation ; Nerve Endings/ultrastructure ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Synaptic Vesicles/ultrastructure
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    Secretion in mast cells induced by calcium entrapped within phospholipid vesicles (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Purified mast cells secreted histamine when fused to phospholipid vesicles containing calcium but not magnesium or potassium. Microscopic observation revealed highly localized exocytotic responses involving punctate extrusion of individual granules. Calcium delivered from the vesicles to the cytoplasm is apparently a sufficient stimulus to initiate exocytosis. The results support the calcium hypothesis of stimulus-secretion coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Theoharides, T C -- Douglas, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1143-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Exocytosis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liposomes/*pharmacology ; Mast Cells/cytology/drug effects/*secretion ; Rats ; Ruthenium Red
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    Brain edema: induction in cortical slices by polyunsaturated fatty acids (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: The presence of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in leukocytic membranes prompted study of their possible role in the induction of brain edema. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including sodium arachidonate, sodium linoleate, sodium linolenate, and docasahexaenoic acids induced edma in slices of rat brain cortex. This cellular edema was specific, since neither saturated fatty acids nor a fatty acid containing a single double bond had such effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, P H -- Fishman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; Brain Edema/*chemically induced ; Cerebral Cortex ; Detergents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Granulocytes/physiology ; Hydroxy Acids ; In Vitro Techniques ; Prostaglandins ; Rats ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/chemically induced
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    Serotonin shifts the phase of the circadian rhythm from the Aplysia eye (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: A putative neurotransmitter, serotonin, may be used to transmit temporal information in the eye of Aplysia, because it can shift the phase of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous optic nerve impulses from the eye and the eye contains a significant quantity of serotonin. Serotonin acts either directly on the cell, or cells, containing the circadian pacemaker or on cells electronically coupled to the pacemaker cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corrent, G -- McAdoo, D J -- Eskin, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):977-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/309655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptophan/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Circadian Rhythm/*drug effects ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Eye/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Serotonin/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Presynaptic alpha-receptor subsensitivity after long-term antidepressant treatment (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: After 3 weeks of twice-daily administration of desipramine to rats, the frequency-response curve for field stimulation of adrenergic neurons in isolated left atrial strips was shifted markedly to the left and the efflux of [3H]norepinephrine was enhanced greatly. After 1 day of treatment, only slight shifts in the frequency-response curve and small increases in [3H]norepinephrine efflux occurred although inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake was already maximal, and phenoxybenzamine caused a further shift to the left in the frequency-response curve similar to that which occurred after 3 weeks of desipramine treatment alone. A gradual decrease in the sensitivity of the presynaptic alpha receptor would explain the delay in the onset of the linical effect of the tricyclic antidepressants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, F T -- Smith, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Desipramine/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Ethics advisory board confronts conception in the test tube (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):198-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infertility/therapy ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; United States
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    Deficiencies of glucosamine-6-sulfate or galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatases are responsible for different mucopolysaccharidoses (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: [1-3H]Galactitol-6-sulfate, N- [1-3H]acetylgalactosaminitol-6-sulfate, N-[1-3H]acetylglucosaminitol-6-sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate, and 6-sulfated tetrasaccharides from chondroitin-6-sulfate have been used for the measurement of 6-sulfatase activity of extracts of normal skin fibroblasts and of fibroblasts cultured from patients with genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. With these substrates, extracts of fibroblasts derived from Morquio patients lack or have greatly reduced activities for galactitol-6-sulfate, N-acetylgalactosaminitol-6-sulfate, and 6-sulfated tetrasaccharides but have normal activity for N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate and its alditol; those derived from a patient with a newly discovered mucopolysaccharidosis have greatly reduced activity for N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate and its alditol but normal activity for galactitol-6-sulfate, N-acetylgalactosaminitol-6-sulfate, and the 6-sulfated tetrasaccharides. These findings demonstrate the existence of two different hexosamine-6-sulfate sulfatases, specific for the glucose or galactose configuration of their substrates. Their respective deficiencies, causing inability to degrade keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate in one case and keratan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate in the other, are responsible for different clinical phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Ferrante, N -- Ginsberg, L C -- Donnelly, P V -- Di Ferrante, D T -- Caskey, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratories of Connective Tissue Research, Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylgalactosamine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Acetylglucosamine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Child, Preschool ; Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism ; Chondroitinsulfatases/*deficiency/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/enzymology ; Galactitol/metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Keratan Sulfate/metabolism ; Male ; Mucopolysaccharidoses/*enzymology ; Mucopolysaccharidosis III/enzymology ; Mucopolysaccharidosis IV/*enzymology ; Skin/cytology/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity ; Sulfatases/*deficiency/metabolism
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    Potassium activation associated with intraneuronal free calcium (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Relations between calcium entry and activation of a calcium-dependent outward current during depolarization were examined under voltage clamp in dorid giant neurons injected with the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. Activation kinetics and amplitude of the slow calcium-dependent component were both found to be related to the rate and extent of free calcium accumulation and to the electromotive force acting on potassium ions, independent of the calcium activation kinetics. This indicates that the activation of the calcium-dependent outward current is more closely related to the transient intracellular accumulation of free calcium ions than to the movement of calcium through the plasma membrane during depolarization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eckert, R -- Tillotson, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Mollusca ; Neurilemma/physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Potassium/*metabolism
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    Localization of inorganic phosphate in the pancreatic B cell and its loss on glucose stimulation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Perifusion experiments have shown that there is a discharge of inorganic phosphate into the medium when insulin secretion from isolated islets is stimulated by glucose. Histochemical and microprobe examination of resting pancreatic islets in the electron microscope shows a specific accumulation of inorganic phosphate adjacent to the plasmalemma and nucleolus of the B (beta) cells. This phossphate is lost from the cells during secretory stimulation of islets with high concentrations of glucose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freinkel, N -- Pedley, K C -- Wooding, P -- Dawson, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1124-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/356269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicarbonates/pharmacology ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Perfusion ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Age affect and replicative life-span of fibroblasts of diabetic, prediabetic, and normal donors: another look at the data (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gleason, R E -- Goldstein, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1217-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/*physiopathology
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    Entry of insulin into human cultured lymphocytes: electron microscope autoradiographic analysis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: Electron microscope autoradiographs were prepared of IM-9 human cultured lymphocytes incubated with iodine-125-labeled insulin. With the use of [125I]insulin and Ilford L-4 emulsion, the technique had a resolution half-distance of approximately 0.085 micrometer. Autoradiographs revealed a time-dependent entry of insulin into the cell interior that was maximal after 30 minutes of incubation. At this time point nearly 40 percent of the [125I]insulin was in the interior of the cell at a distance 1 micrometer or greater from the plasma membrane. Grain distribution and volume density analyses revealed that the intracellular insulin was concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfine, I D -- Jones, A L -- Hradek, G T -- Wong, K Y -- Mooney, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):760-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism
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    Chronologic and physiologic age affect replicative life-span of fibroblasts from diabetic, prediabetic, and normal donors (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from subjects with clinically apparent diabetes mellitus and from subjects genetically predisposed to diabetes have a replicative lifespan that is inversely related to donor age. Fibroblasts from carefully defined normal subjects not predisposed to diabetes fail to show this correlation. The data support the idea that physiologic status of the tissue donor is a more precise determinant of fibroblast replicative lifespan than chronologic age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, S -- Moerman, E J -- Soeldner, J S -- Gleason, R E -- Barnett, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):781-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/pathology/*physiopathology ; Regression Analysis ; Skin/cytology/pathology
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  • 68
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    Command neurons in Pleurobranchaea receive synaptic feedback from the motor network they excite (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Command neurons that cause rhythmic feeding behavior in the marine mollusc Pleurobranchaea californica have been identified in the cerebropleural ganglion (brain). Intracellular stimulation of single command neurons in isolated nervous systems, semi-intact prepartions, and restrained whole animals causes the same rhythmic motor output pattern as occurs during feeding. During this motor output pattern, action potentials recorded intracellularly from the command neurons occur in cyclic bursts that are phase-locked with the feeding rhythm. This modulation results from repetitive, alternating bursts of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, which are caused at least in part by synaptic feedback to the command neurons from identified classes of neurons in the feeding network. Central feedback to command neurons from the motor network they excite provides a possible general physiological mechanism for the sustained oscillation of neural networks controlling cyclic behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillette, R -- Kovac, M P -- Davis, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Feedback ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Ganglia/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mollusca/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurons/*physiology ; Periodicity ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 69
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    Prolactin synthesis by human chorion-decidual tissue: a possible source of prolactin in the amniotic fluid (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Explants of human chorion-decidual tissue obtained at delivery from normal, full-term pregnancies synthesize and secrete prolactin. This hormone is indistinguishable from pituitary prolactin by chromatographic, electrophoretic, immunologic, and receptor assay techniques. These results suggest that chorion-decidua may be the source of the large quantities of prolactin in amniotic fluid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golander, A -- Hurley, T -- Barrett, J -- Hizi, A -- Handwerger, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):311-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnion/metabolism ; Amniotic Fluid/*metabolism ; Chorion/*metabolism ; Decidua/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/*biosynthesis ; Trophoblasts/metabolism
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  • 70
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    Pattern formation by cultured human epidermal cells: development of curved ridges resembling dermatoglyphs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In cultures made from disaggregated human epidermal cells, growth to a confluent cell layer is followed by the emergence of patterns resembling those of human dermatoglyphs. These patterns reflect intrinsic properties of kertinocytes. In vivo, only the epidermis of the volar surfaces forms patterns, but in culture, patterns are formed by epidermal cells from other sites as well. Patterns develop by a process of cell movement which first produces ridges and then curves the ridges into figures of increasing complexity, ultimately whorls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, H -- Thomas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; *Dermatoglyphics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Humans ; Time Factors
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    Amantadine: neuromuscular blockade by suppression of ionic conductance of the acetylcholine receptor (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Amantadine hydrochloride decreases the sensitivity of denervated mammalian muscle to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine. The drug depresses the amplitude of the end-plate current and reverses the slope of the relation between half-decay time and membrane potential suggesting that it alters the ionic conductance that is mediated by the acetylcholine receptor. Binding studies confirm that amantadine acts on the ion conductance modulator rather than the acetylcholine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albuquerque, E X -- Eldefrawi, A T -- Eldefrawi, M E -- Mansour, N A -- Tsai, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism/*physiology ; Amantadine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Organ/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Fishes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Endplate/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/innervation/metabolism ; *Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Toxins, Biological/metabolism
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  • 72
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    Rapid light-induced changes in near infrared transmission of rods in Bufo marinus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: Rapid transient changes in axial transmission of near infrared light through the outer segments of retinal rods of Bufo marinus are induced by illumination. The reasons for these changes are not clear. The changes in optical transmission may be useful in the study of photoreceptor function. However, the study of photoreceptor functions through the use of indicator dyes may be confounded by the intrinsic light-induced changes of optical properties of the photoreceptor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harary, H H -- Brown, J E -- Pinto, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bufo marinus ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infrared Rays ; *Light ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology/*radiation effects
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  • 73
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    Lichen myxedematosus serum stimulates human skin fibroblast proliferation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Serum from patients with lichen myxedematosus, when added to exponentially growing normal human skin fibroblasts, stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The degree of response in vitro is correlated with the extent of the disease in vivo and is specific for fibroblasts. The results suggest that there is a systemic factor (or factors) which may play a role in the etiology of diseases affecting the connective tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, R A -- Rispler, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases/*blood/immunology/pathology ; Thymidine/metabolism
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  • 74
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    Muscle crossbridge stroke and activity revealed by optical diffraction (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Optical diffraction measurements during rapid releases of active toad muscle show that the sarcomeres contract within 1 millisecond by an amount up to but not greater than 12 nanometers. This crossbridges immediately start cycling to produce the normal contraction velocity in unloaded muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barden, J A -- Mason, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1212-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bufo marinus ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Lasers ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Scattering, Radiation ; Tendons/physiology
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  • 75
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    Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: neutral amino acid transport into isolated brain capillaries (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Capillary endothelial cells isolated from rat brain exhibit Na+-dependent uptake of the neutral amino acid analog alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid. Since studies in vivo demonstrate that this transport system is not present on the blood side of brain capillaries we conclude that Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport is located on the brain side. Therefore, the luminal plasma membrane and the antiluminal plasma membrane appear to be functionally distinct. This polarity should permit brain capillary endothelial cells to actively regulate the internal milieu of the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Betz, A L -- Goldstein, G W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoisobutyric Acids/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; *Capillary Permeability ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex/*blood supply ; Endothelium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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    Skin color and nutrient photolysis: an evolutionary hypothesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Human populations native to areas of intense sunlight tend to be heavily melanized. Previous explanations for this relationship have invoked only weak selective pressures. To test the hypothesis that dark pigmentation may protect against photolysis of crucial light-sensitive vitamins and metabolites by ultraviolet light, folate was used as a model. It was found that exposure of human plasma in vitro to simulated strong sunlight causes 30 to 50 percent loss of folate within 60 minutes. Furthermore, light-skinned patients exposed to ultraviolet light for dermatologic disorders have abnormally low serum folate concentrations, suggesting that photolysis may also occur in vivo. Deficiency of folate, which occurs in many marginally nourished populations, causes severe anemia, fetal wastage, frank infertility, and maternal mortality. Prevention of ultraviolet photolysis of folate and other light sensitive nutrients by dark skin may be sufficient explanation for the maintenance of this characteristic in human groups indigenous to regions of intense solar radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branda, R F -- Eaton, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):625-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Folic Acid/blood/*radiation effects ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Melanins/physiology ; Photolysis ; Phototherapy ; Skin Diseases/therapy ; *Skin Pigmentation ; Sunlight ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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    Sodium channel inactivation in squid axon is removed by high internal pH or tyrosine-specific reagents (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: In squid axon, internal alkalinization from pH 7.1 to pH 10.2 results in a reversible decrease of the maximum inward current and the steady state sodium channel inactivation. Similar effects were observed after treatment of the axon with tetranitromethane or after iodination with lactoperoxidase. These results suggest that a tyrosine residue is an essential component of the inactivation process in this nerve.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodwick, M S -- Eaton, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1494-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*metabolism ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Decapodiformes ; Electric Conductivity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Iodides/metabolism ; Lactoperoxidase/metabolism ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Tetranitromethane/pharmacology ; Tyrosine/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Chemotactic antibody (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class to herpes simplex virus and antibody of the immunoglobulin M class to sheep red blood cells were coupled to the synthetic peptide formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), which is chemotactic for both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The resulting molecules were chemotactic and retained their antigen-binding activity. When antibodies coupled to fMet-Leu-Phe were incubated with antigen, the resulting immune complexes were also chemotactic. Chemotactic antibody may provide a potent means of enhancing the migration of inflammatory cells to specific sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isturiz, M A -- Sandberg, A L -- Schiffmann, E -- Wahl, S M -- Notkins, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):554-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/*drug effects ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Inflammation/immunology ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Simplexvirus/immunology
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    beta-Glucuronidase catalyzed hydrolysis of benzo(a)pyrene-3-glucuronide and binding to DNA (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: beta-Glucuronidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of benzo[a]pyrene-3-glucuronide to 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. During the enzymatic hydrolysis, a benzo[a]pyrene derivative is formed which binds to DNA to a far greater extent than either the 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene or its glucuronide. These results suggest that conjugates of benzo(a)pyrene may be converted by beta-glucuronidase at intracellular and organ sites distal to the initial sites of oxygenation and conjugation of benzo(a)pyrene to activated intermediates that are possibly carcinogenic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinoshita, N -- Gelboin, H V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):307-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzopyrenes/*metabolism ; Biotransformation ; DNA/*metabolism ; Glucuronidase/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; In Vitro Techniques
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    Limitation of excessive myelopoiesis by the intrinsic modulation of macrophage-derived prostaglandin E (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The clonal proliferation of the committed granulocyte-macrophage stem cell is controlled by a balance between mutually opposing factors, colony stimulating factor and prostaglandin E, both of monocyte-macrophage derivation. Increases beyond a critical concentration of colony stimulating factor within the local milieu of the mononuclear phagocyte induces the coincident elaboration of prostaglandin E, a self-regulated response which serves to limit the unopposed humoral stimulation of myelopoiesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurland, J I -- Bockman, R S -- Broxmeyer, H E -- Moore, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/304600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*physiology ; Feedback ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Granulocytes/*cytology ; *Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Leukocytes/*cytology ; Macrophages/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Monocytes/*physiology ; Prostaglandins E/*physiology
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  • 81
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    Enkephalin-containing neurons visualized in spinal cord cell cultures (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Neuronal cells, axons, and terminals containing immunoreactive enkephalin have been visualized in cultures of dissociated fetal spinal cord. These cultures may provide a valuable system in which to explore the effects of chronic drug treatment on the physiology of enkephalin-containing cells and their interactions with other cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neale, J H -- Barker, J L -- Uhl, G R -- Snyder, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):467-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/embryology/*metabolism
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  • 82
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    Leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, decreases protein degradation in normal and diseased muscles (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The protease inhibitor leupeptin decreases protein degradation in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle incubated in vitro, while protein synthesis remains unaltered. Leupeptin also lowers protein breakdown in denervated rat muscles and affected muscles from mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Leupeptin may thus be useful in retarding tissue atrophy. Since homogenates of leupeptin-treated muscles had decreased cathepsin B activity, this lysosomal protease may play a role in protein turnover in normal and diseased muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libby, P -- Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cathepsins/antagonists & inhibitors ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leupeptins/*pharmacology ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Proteins/*metabolism ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*metabolism ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 83
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    Virus-induced diabetes mellitus: reovirus infection of pancreatic beta cells in mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Reovirus type 3, passaged in pancreatic beta-cell cultures, produced an insulitis when inoculated into 1- to 2-week-old mice. By means of a double-label antibody technique, in which we used fluorescein-labeled antibody to reovirus and rhodamine-labeled antibody to insulin, reovirus antigens were found in beta cells. By electron microscopy, viral particles in different stages of morphogenesis were observed in insulin-containing beta cells but not glucagon-containing alpha cells. The infection resulted in destruction of beta cells, reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas, and alteration in the host's capacity to respond normally to a glucose tolerance test.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onodera, T -- Jenson, A B -- Yoon, J W -- Notkins, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism/*microbiology ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology ; Mice ; Reoviridae Infections/*complications ; Virus Replication
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  • 84
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    Antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity induced by immunoglobulin G from Hodgkin's disease splenic lymphocytes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: Immunoglobulin G, produced in cultures of splenic lymphocytes obtained from patients with Hodgkin's disease, bound to a population of homologous peripheral blood lymphocytes and initiated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in cultures from five out of eight patients. Two patients whose cultures produced negative results had minimal disease; the other was in remission. The target cells appear to be T lymphocytes; the effector cells bear Fc receptors that are inhibited by antigen-antibody complexes. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity events may produce the anergy and lymphopenia often seen in Hodgkin's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Longmire, R L -- Ryan, S -- McMillan, R -- Lightsey, A -- Heath, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):71-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Oncology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Hodgkin Disease/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 85
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    Erythroid progenitors circulating in the blood of adult individuals produce fetal hemoglobin in culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Erythroid colonies, raised from erythroid stem cells circulating in the peripheral blood of normal adult individuals, synthesize considerable amounts of fetal hemoglobin. In cultures from persons with sickling disorders, amounts of hemoglobin F that are known to inhibit sickling in vivo are produced. The results provide evidence that primitive erythroid progenitors are able to express the hemoglobin F production program and that cultures of mononuclear cells of the adult blood can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in regulation of gamma-globin gene switching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulou, T -- Nakamoto, B -- Buckley, J -- Kurachi, S -- Nute, P E -- Stamatoyannopoulos, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*biosynthesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Hemoglobin A/biosynthesis ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Reticulocytes/metabolism ; Thalassemia/blood
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  • 86
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    Regulatory role of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in adrenocorticotropin hormone-induced steroidogenesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The relation between steroidogenesis induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone and the concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) was studied at different time intervals in isolated adrenal cells. Submaximal and supramaximal steroidogenic concentrations of the hormone did not cause detectable changes in cyclic AMP during the first 30 minutes, whereas there was an increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP that was accompanied by phosphorylation and steroidogenesis. It is therefore suggested that cyclic GMP, rather than cyclic AMP, is the physiological mediator of adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced adrenal steroidogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perchellet, J P -- Shanker, G -- Sharma, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*metabolism ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Ultraviolet radiation--induced chromosomal abnormalities in fetal fibroblasts from New Zealand black mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: Fibroblasts from New Zealand Black mouse fetuses manifest increased frequency of chromosomal breaks and interchanges after exposure to ultraviolet radiation when compared with cells from BABL/c fetuses. This chromosomal instability is similar to what has been reported in cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and may be related to the chromosomally abnormal clones and malignancy previously reported in adult New Zealand Black mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, A L -- Fialkow, P G -- Salo, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/physiology ; Mice, Inbred NZB/*physiology ; *Ultraviolet Rays ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum/physiopathology
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  • 88
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    Impulse blockade in frog cardiac ganglion does not resemble partial denervation in changing synaptic organization (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-06
    Description: Partial denervation of parasympathetic neurons in the frog heart by surgical section of one vagus nerve results in a marked reorganization of functional synaptic connections made by the remaining vagus nerve. These changes are not simply due to a lack of impulse activity per se in the sectioned nerve because blockage of impulses in one vagus with tetrodotoxin-impregnated cuffs did not cause similar changes in the innervation pattern of the ganglion. Furthermore, tetrodotoxin-blocked vagal fibers retain their ability to sprout and can form new synapses on denervated neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roper, S -- Ko, C P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 6;202(4363):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/308697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Anura ; Denervation ; Ganglia, Autonomic/cytology/*physiology ; Heart/*innervation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Rana pipiens ; Synapses/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Vagus Nerve/*drug effects
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  • 89
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    Bicarbonate ion transport: a mechanism for the acidification of urine in the turtle (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: The uricotelic turtle Pseudemys scripta acidifies the urine to a pH as low as 4 in the urinary bladder. Data in this report show that the mechanism of acidification in this bladder is the transport of bicarbonate ion from lumen to serosa, and that the temperature to which the turtles are adapted prior to the in vitro experiment largely determines the direction of the transmural carbon dioxide gradient observed. This temperature effect also serves to reconcile apparently disparate data that were previously reported. A new technique for the direct determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was employed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schilb, T P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):208-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mucous Membrane/metabolism ; Serous Membrane/metabolism ; Temperature ; Turtles/*urine ; Urinary Bladder/*metabolism
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  • 90
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    Gene amplification and drug resistance in cultured murine cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: Resistance of mouse cells to the folate analog, methotrexate, results from selection of increasingly resistant cells on progressive increases of methotrexate in the culture medium. High-level resistance is associated with high rates of synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase and correspondingly high numbers of reductase genes. In some variants high resistance and gene copy number are stable in the absence of selection pressure, whereas in others they are unstable. Analogies are made to antibiotic and insecticide resistance wherein selection of organisms with increased capacity to counteract the drug effect results in emergence of resistance. Gene amplification may underlie many such resistance phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimke, R T -- Kaufman, R J -- Alt, F W -- Kellems, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1051-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cells, Cultured ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA Replication ; *Drug Resistance ; Folic Acid Antagonists ; *Genes ; Methotrexate/*pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*genetics
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  • 91
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    Growth of infective forms of Trypanosoma rhodesiense in vitro, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: A new approach to the culture of African trypanosomes led to the growth of the infective forms of the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis. Infective cultures of Trypanosoma rhodesiense were initiated and maintained in vitro on Chinese hamster lung cells. By changing daily one-third of the Hepes-buffered RPMI 1640 medium containing 20 percent fetal bovine serum, the trypanosome numbers increased to 3 X 10(6) to 5 X 10(6) cells per milliliter. After 80 days in vitro at 37 degrees C, the cultured trypomastigotes are infective for mice and rats and morphologically similar to bloodstream trypomastigotes in having a subterminal kinetoplast and a surface coat. In addition, they possess L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, the predominant steady-state terminal oxidase of bloodstream trypomastigotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, G C -- Shimer, S P -- Caughey, B -- Sauer, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):763-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/cytology/enzymology/*growth & development ; Trypanosomiasis, African/*parasitology
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  • 92
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    Covalent immunoglobulin assembly in vitro: reactivity of light chain covalent dimers (L2) and blocked light chain monomers (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-10
    Description: Covalent light chain dimers (L2) and cysteine-blocked L chain monomers readily react with partially reduced heavy (H) chains. A rapid disappearance of these blocked L chain species is followed by the appearance of covalent intermediates-HL, H2, and H2L-leading to fully assembled H2L2. The mechanism of initial disulfide bond formation between heavy and light chains is disulfide interchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazin, A R -- Beychok, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 10;199(4329):688-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bence Jones Protein/metabolism ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Disulfides ; Humans ; *Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; *Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis ; *Immunoglobulin Light Chains/biosynthesis ; *Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/biosynthesis ; *Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/biosynthesis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation
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  • 93
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    Preparation of sarcolemmal membrane from myocardial tissue culture monolayer by high-velocity gas dissection (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: A high-velocity stream of nitrogen is used to simultaneously disrupt myocardial cells in monolayer culture and fractionate their sarcolemmal membranes. The membranes show a high degree of ultrastructural and enzymatic purity, with less than 1 percent intracellular residuum. They are produced in less than 1 second and remain as tightly adherent sheets on the surface on which the cells were grown. The cells are exposed to no agent other than nitrogen gas during the preparative procedure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, G A -- Frank, J S -- Philipson, K D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Fractionation/methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Ferritins ; Membrane Proteins/analysis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Myocardium/ultrastructure ; Nitrogen ; Rats ; *Sarcolemma/analysis/ultrastructure
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  • 94
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    Prostacyclin: a potentially valuable agent for preserving myocardial tissue in acute myocardial ischemia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Prostacyclin, a potent, naturally occurring prostaglandin exerts a variety of cardiovascular and cellular actions of potential value in acute myocardial ischemia. These properties include the reduction of systemic blood pressure without changing heart rate, the lowering of coronary vascular and total peripheral resistance, the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the concomitant formation of thromboxane B2, and the reduction of the release of lysosomal enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lefer, A M -- Ogletree, M L -- Smith, J B -- Silver, M J -- Nicolaou, K C -- Barnette, W E -- Gasic, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):52-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cats ; Coronary Circulation/drug effects ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy ; Epoprostenol/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hemodynamics/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysosomes/drug effects/enzymology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Prostaglandins/*pharmacology ; Thromboxanes/blood ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects
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  • 95
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    Pentobarbital: differential postsynaptic actions on sympathetic ganglion cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: The frog sympathetic ganglion has been used as a model to elucidate the cellular mechanism of barbiturate anesthesia. Anesthetic concentrations of pentobarbital markedly reduced the fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potential while having no effect on the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential or slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential, even though all three synaptic potentials depend on the presynaptic release of acetylcholine. A similar differential effect was seen for nicotinic and muscarinic responses to exogenously applied agonists, while the depolarizing action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was enhanced. These results indicate that pentobarbital has remarkably selective actions on the sympathetic ganglion and further indicate that blockade of ganglionic transmission by anesthetic concentrations of pentobarbital can be entirely explained by a postsynaptic action. The present results strengthen the concept that pentobarbital anesthesia results from a postsynaptic blockade of central excitatory synapses which increase sodium conductance coupled with a postsynaptic enhancement of GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicoll, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Ganglia, Autonomic/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rana catesbeiana ; Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 96
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    Estrogenic activity of the insecticide kepone on the chicken oviduct (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: Kepone induces ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis in explants of chick oviduct in vitro by acting as a weak estrogen. It binds to the nuclear estrogen receptor and is antagonized by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Kepone also induces egg white protein synthesis in vivo by direct interaction with estrogen receptors and by indirectly increasing the concentration of progesterone in the serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmiter, R D -- Mulvihill, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):356-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/78523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; Chlordecone/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Conalbumin/biosynthesis ; Estradiol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insecticides/*pharmacology ; Ovalbumin/biosynthesis ; Oviducts/*drug effects/metabolism ; Progesterone/blood ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
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  • 97
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    Isolated retinas synthesize visual pigments from tetinol congeners delivered by liposomes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: Isolated vertebrate retinas bathed in circulating Ringer solution cannot regenerate all of their bleached visual pigments. When dioleoyl-lecithin vesicles containing certain retinol congeners are added to the Ringer solution, such retinas begin to regenerate pigment immediately. The visual pigment of a bleached perfused retina can now be restored fully, making the isolated retina an independent unit for study. Loposomes can protect oxygen-sensitive, lipid-soluble substances and deliver them to living cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uoshikami, S -- Noll, G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/307275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liposomes ; Perfusion ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Rana pipiens ; Retina/*metabolism ; Retinal Pigments/*biosynthesis ; Retinaldehyde/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/*biosynthesis ; Vitamin A/administration & dosage/*metabolism
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  • 98
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    Switch in immunoglobulin class production observed in single clones of committed lymphocytes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Mouse spleen cells, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, were cloned in culture. After 4 to 5 days, the daughter cells were stained and examined for immunoglobulin class with double immunofluorescent reagents. A switch of the stained color of these cells was observed, implying a switch from imunoglobulin M to immunoglobulin G production in the progeny of a single B cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wabl, M R -- Forni, L -- Loor, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1078-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/305113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Cytoplasm/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin M/*biosynthesis ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/biosynthesis ; Spleen/immunology
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  • 99
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    Synaptic potentials in sympathetic ganglia: are they mediated by cyclic nucleotides? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-02
    Description: The hypothesis that cyclic nucleotides are intracellular second messengers mediating the generation of synaptic potentials was studied in the sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog. Synaptic potentials and the effect of administering cyclic nucleotides and agents which affect cyclic nucleotide metabolism were recorded by the sucrose gap technique. The administration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), or several of their derivatives produced little or no change in membrane potential. Prostaglandin E1 did not block the generation of postsynaptic potentials. Theophylline produced membrane effects that were different from those associated with postsynaptic potential generation; it also reduced the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and potentiated the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). The administration of papaverine, however, reduced both the slow EPSP and the slow IPSP. Although synaptic stimulation increases both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in these neurons, these results raise the possibility that these cyclic nucleotides may have functionla roles other than mediation of synaptic potentials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busis, N A -- Weight, F F -- Smith, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 2;200(4345):1079-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/206964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Anura ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Ganglia, Autonomic/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/*pharmacology ; Papaverine/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rana catesbeiana ; Synapses/*drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Theophylline/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Collagenase immunolocalization in cultures of rheumatoid synovial cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Cultures of rheumatoid synovial cells that have been enzymatically dissociated and are adherent to a culture vessel are morphologically heterogeneous. When these cells are cultured on a collagenous substrate for 2 to 6 days at 37 degrees C in serum-free medium, they produce collagenase. A monospecific antibody to human collagenase has localized the enzyme extracellularly around cytoplasmic extensions of dendritic cells and intracellularly within a few macrophage-like and fibroblast-like cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolley, D E -- Harris, E D Jr -- Mainardi, C L -- Brinckerhoff, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*enzymology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/enzymology ; Humans ; Microbial Collagenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Synovial Fluid/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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