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  • 42.55  (107)
  • stability
  • Springer  (139)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 1980-1984  (139)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (139)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group theory and experiments on helical and linear distributed feedback gas lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 115-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 02.20 ; 42.55 ; 42.60D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This study puts forward the concept of helical distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The basic features of this new type of laser are derived by group theoretical considerations on cylindrical, circular linear periodic, and helical waveguide and laser structures. It is demonstrated that not only linear periodic structures but also helical structures show Bragg and DFB effects. Microwave and far-infrared experiments on passive helical metal waveguides reveal Bragg resonances in transmission. These results initiated the first experimental realization of a helical DFB gas laser, i.e. an optically pumped 496μm CH3F laser with a helical metal waveguide of a pitch close to 250μm. This helical DFB laser shows higher-mode selectivity than the corresponding linear DFB laser. Finally, we show that the concept of helical DFB also applies to dye lasers with internal DFB incorporated by a mixture of the dye with a cholesteric liquid crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688518
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submillimetre laser lines from CH3OH pumped by a13C18O2 pump laser: Observations and assignments (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four new optically pumped submillimetre laser lines have been observed when CH3OH is excited using a13C18O2 pump laser. Four of these lines have been assigned to transitions involving the CO stretching band. In addition to these lines, a further six new lines have been observed when pumping with12C18O2 and13C16O2 lasers. One of these lines has been assigned to a transition involving the CO stretching band. The observation of infrared-infrared double resonance signals in CH3OH has allowed the prediction of a further six laser lines which should be excited using a13C18O2 pump laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent effects in inverse compton scattering in the high frequency region (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions under which a cooperative emission from different friges occurs in the scattering between a relativistic electron beam and two interfering laser beams are discussed. In particular, the conditions to have an electron grating are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bistability and passive Q-switching of a CO2 laser with saturable absorber (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coexistence of bistability and repetitive passive Q-switching of a CO2 laser with a gaseous saturable absorber has been investigated experimentally. With CH3F as the saturable absorber bistability has been observed simultaneously with passive Q-switching, whereas with CH3OH either one of these phenomena can only exist, as demonstrated for the first time. The measured features of both systems can be explained qualitatively by rate-equation theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically pumped submillimetre laser action in formaldoxime and ammonia (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Strong submillimetre laser action has been obtained on five lines of a new laser gas, formaldoxime. Several new emission lines have also been produced by isotopic CO2 laser pumping of14NH3 and15NH3. One of these lines at 102.9 μm is a rotation-inversion transition in the 2v 2 state, and is the first example of cw laser action in such a highly excited state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697700
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of triplet quenchers on vapor-phase dye-laser performance (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.50 ; 34.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An XeF pumped vapor phase POPOP dye laser with a pulse duration of 300 ns was obtained when trans-stilbene was used as triplet quencher. An energy conversion efficiency of 7,5% with a peak power efficiency of 12% was measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697952
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New cw fir laser emissions from CO2 laser-pumped vinyl bromide (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 47 new cw far-infrared laser lines with wavelenths between 453 and 2356 μm have been obtained by optically pumping vinyl bromide (C2H3Br) by a CO2 laser. A significant portion of these lines has wavelengths longer than 750 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697631
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697707
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690020
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure dependence of laser oscillation and superfluorescent emission from an optically pumped CF4 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on pressure dependence of a CF4 laser have been carried out to elucidate dynamic characteristics of CF4 molecules pumped by CO2 lasers. The results are followed by a model calculation which characterizes collisional quenching of the energy levels related to the stimulated emission. The enhancement of the laser output induced by buffer-gas addition, which was found under specific conditions, is discussed in relation to the competition between laser and superfluorescent emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697463
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense laser generation from an atomic-fluorine laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An intensive generation of radiation from a discharge-pumped atomic-fluorine gas laser is reported. A peak power exceeding 330 kW and a total energy of more than 2 mJ is obtained for a number of lines in the red, using a NF3∶He (1∶100) gas mixture at total pressure of 500 Torr. The circuitry optimization is described and the conditions for effective operation of the atomic-fluorine laser are discussed. The temporal and the spectral characteristics of the laser emission are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697333
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Energy transfer in slab dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.72
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple model of the energy transfer between a booster dye and the active dye in a flashlamp pumped planar waveguide dye laser is described. Analytical results are compared with experiments for several dyes in the 600–650 nm region. A twofold increase of laser output was found at a wavelength (630 nm) which is of particular interest for several applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697425
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Self-phase locking in lasers with homogeneously broadened emission lines (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown by numerical analysis based on Lamb's equations of motion, that standing-wave lasers with purely homogeneously broadened emission lines exhibit regular multimode oscillations. Specifically, modes lying far from the line centre are quenched due to mode competition, and the amplitudes of the oscillating modes approach steady-state values. The stabilization of the amplitudes is normally accompanied, or followed, by an evolution of the phases towards a phase-locked regime, where the relative phasesψ n = 2φ n −φ n + 1 −φ n − 1 [φ n phase in then th mode, defined by (6)] attain either the value 0 or ± π. The build-up times for the relative phases are found to vary over a wide range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688527
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Improved gain on the Cl2(D′3 П g −A′3 П u ) transition at 258 nm by halogen donor mixing (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temporal development of the small-signal gain on the Cl2(D′−A′) transition at 258 nm has been investigated by means of an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) technique. For electron beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures, the gain appears only at the end of the pumping pulse, whereas for He/Cl2/CCl4 mixtures the temporal gain profile coincides with the fluorescence pulse, and the maximum gain coefficient increases by about a factor of two. The observed effects are due to the mixing of both halogen donors and can be explained by considering the quenching of theD′-state by electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697515
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    A subpicosecond dye laser pumped by a xenon ion laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A pulsed xenon ion laser has been used to pump a rhodamine 6G dye laser utilizing a ring resonator. The dye laser has been passively mode-locked; a pulsewidth of 0.5 ps and a 50 kW peak power have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697634
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  • 17
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    A new blue-green XeF (C→A) excimer laser amplifier concept (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The feasibility of using the electrically excited XeF(C»A) excimer medium as an efficient wideband amplifier in the blue-green region of the spectrum has been investigated. Calculations show that for an intense blue-green optical flux input the amplification characteristics of XeF(C»A) improve, as a result of both bleaching of the pump induced absorbers and by additional production of XeF(C) level population. The removal of one of the major absorbing species, Xe** in the XeF (C»A) laser mixture by means of a pulsed ruby laser probe beam has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693931
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  • 18
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    D-stability and Kaps-Rentrop-methods (1984)
    Springer
    Computing 32 (1984), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65L05 ; 65L07 ; Stiff system ; Rosenbroek method ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird die Stabilität des Kaps-Rentrop-Verfahrens in die Anwesenheit nichtlinearer Steifheit (Stiffness) analysiert. Dazu werden mittels eines einfachen Modells zwei Größen introduziert. Die Werte dieser Größen reflektieren gewissermaßen das Verhalten eines Kaps-Rentrop-Verfahrens in die Anwesenheit einer bestimmten Kopplung zwischen die beiden Komponenten in das steife System gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen. Einige numerische Beispiele veranschaulichen die Analyse.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we give an analysis of the effect of stiff nonlinearities on the behavior of a Kaps-Rentrop method. To that end we introduce two quantities related to a simple model. The values of these quantities determine to some extent the behavior of a Kaps-Rentrop method in case of a strong coupling between the smooth component and the transient one. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02243574
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Pure MW Raman laser emission in superradiant mode in ammonia by pumping with 9P20 CO2 laser line (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80 Bx ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this work, clear FIR Raman emission in ammonia was observed when a 9P20 CO2 line was used as a pump. We have noted an intense pump depletion and strong superradiant FIR and MIR emissions. The time history of these radiations has also been recorded. The intense MIR radiation is a new line observed in the ammonia laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697462
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Optical klystron experiments for the ACO storage ring Free Electron Laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 207-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To improve the gain in the Orsay storage ring Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiment, the 17 period permanent magnet undulator has been modified to form an optical klystron (OK). We report the measurement of spontaneous emission and the effects on it of energy spread and angular spread. Gain and laser induced bunch lengthening measurements with the OK are also reported and are in very good agreement with the FEL classical theory. The spontaneous emission spectrum which is easy to measure with good signal to noise ratio, turns out to be a very good diagnostic tool forenergy spread and angular spread measurements on storage rings. The factor of four increase in the small gain obtained by converting the undulator NOEL into an OK was the critical factor in the recent operation of the ACO storage ring laser above threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697637
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Xe2Cl fluorescence and absorption in self-sustained discharge XeCl lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 167-172 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence at 490 nm from the triatomic excimer Xe2Cl* has been investigated to determine the 308 nm absorption due to this species in an x-ray preionized, self-sustained gas discharge XeCl laser. The dependence of Xe2Cl* density on laser intensity (at 308 nm), buffer gas and Xe and HCl partial pressures has been determined for discharges with a peak electrical power deposition of 2.5 GWl−1. Xe2Cl* absorption is estimated to reach 0.6% cm−1 under non-lasing conditions but decreases to a non-saturable 0.2% cm−1 for intracavity laser intensity〉1 MW cm−2. XeCl* and Xe2Cl* fluorescence intensities were found to be a similar for both helium and neon buffer gases but laser output was a factor of two greater with a neon buffer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697708
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  • 22
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    Existence and stability of equilibria in age-structured population dynamics (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 20 (1984), S. 259-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Age-structured population dynamics ; equilibria ; stability ; bifurcation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existence of positive equilibrium solutions of the McKendrick equations for the dynamics of an age-structured population is studied as a bifurcation phenomenon using the inherent net reproductive rate n as a bifurcation parameter. The local existence and uniqueness of a branch of positive equilibria which bifurcates from the trivial (identically zero) solution at the critical value n=1 are proved by implicit function techniques under very mild smoothness conditions on the death and fertility rates as functional of age and population density. This first requires the development of a suitable linear theory. The lowest order terms in the Liapunov-Schmidt expansions are also calculated. This local analysis supplements earlier global bifurcation results of the author. The stability of both the trivial and the positive branch equilibria is studied by means of the principle of linearized stability. It is shown that in general the trivial solution losses stability as n increases through one while the stability of the branch solution is stable if and only if the bifurcation is supercritical. Thus the McKendrick equations exhibit, in the latter case, a standard exchange of stability with regard to equilibrium states as they depend on the inherent net reproductive rate. The derived lower order terms in the Liapunov-Schmidt expansions yield formulas which explicitly relate the direction of bifurcation to properties of the age-specific death and fertility rates as functionals of population density. Analytical and numerical results for some examples are given which illustrate these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275988
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  • 23
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    Predator-prey relationships: Indiscriminate predation (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 21 (1984), S. 25-34 
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    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Predator-prey ; density dependence ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Gurtin and Levine model5 is studied in this paper under the assumption that the fecundity of prey depends on age as well as on the total population sizes of prey and predators. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of this density dependence on the stability criteria for the equilibria of the model equations. It is shown that there are cases when, due to density dependence, the model which is originally neutrally stable becomes stable.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275220
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  • 24
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    Stability analysis over seasons and locations of multilines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 489-495 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; multilines ; recurrent parents ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three multilines each of Kalyansona and PV 18 varieties of wheat were compared for their stability of yield and agronomic characters and disease resistance against the respective recurrent parents. The experiments were conducted for four years at nine locations. The multilines had more tillers and bolder seeds than the recurrent parents. There were, however, no differences for plant height, ear length and number of spikelets per spike. The genotypes x years x locations interaction was much more important than genotypes x years or genotypes x locations interaction as well as the main effects for genotypes. It is suggested that the number of test locations should be increased while decreasing the number of years. The stability parameters indicated that the multilines had a higher mean yield in the case of Kalyansona multilines whereas the yield of multilines of PV 18 was not significantly inferior to that of the recurrent parent. The regression coefficients were very close to unity except for KSML 3 (b=1.132). The deviations from regression were much larger for the multilines than for the recurrent parents. For rust resistance the multilines were superior over the varieties Kalyansona and PV 18.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021149
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  • 25
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    The response of a harpacticoid copepod community to sediment disturbance in a semi-enclosed lagoon (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: meiofauna ; Harpacticoida ; eutrophication ; stability ; colonisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The harpacticoid fauna of a sandy sediment in the Sluice Dock of Ostend, Belgium, was dominated by a single species, Canuella perplexa, that attained an average annual density of over 400 ind. 10 cm−2 in 1976 and 1977, whereas other species had a total mean density of less than 10 ind. 10 cm−2. In the summer of 1979 a dystrophic crisis with abundant growth of Ulva occurred and in March 1980 the lagoon was drained. After refilling of the lagoon, the sediment was immediately colonized by good swimming harpacticoids, that attained densities of 200 ind. 10 cm−2. Three months after refilling Canuella perplexa reappeared and the system returned to its original state within one month.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031795
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  • 26
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    Stochastic scheduling problems I — General strategies (1984)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 28 (1984), S. 193-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Analytic behaviour of strategies ; continuous strategies ; ES strategies ; MES strategies ; machine idleness ; monotonicity behaviour ; optimal strategies ; preselectivity ; regular measure of performance ; scheduling problems ; stability ; stochastic dynamic optimization ; stochastically ordered distributions ; stochastic scheduling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper contains an introduction to recent developments in the theory of non-preemptive stochastic scheduling problems. The topics covered are: arbitrary joint distributions of activity durations, arbitrary regular measures of performance and arbitrary precedence and resource constraints. The possible instability of the problem is demonstrated and hints are given on stable classes of strategies available, including the combinatorial vs. analytical characterization of such classes. Given this background, the main emphasis of the paper is on the monotonicity behaviour of the model and on the existence of optimal strategies. Existing results are presented and generalized, in particular w.r.t. the cases of lower semicontinuous performance measures or joint duration distributions having a Lebesgue density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919323
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  • 27
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    Three-dimensional disturbances of planar viscometric flow (1983)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 22 (1983), S. 284-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Viscometric flow ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines three-dimensional disturbances of a plane steady shear flow of simple fluids with short memory. Under the assumption of nearly-viscometric flow, constitutive equations are derived and then a general form of the Reynolds-Orr energy equation is obtained. With the aid of this derived energy formula, sufficient conditions are generated for the stability of three-dimensional disturbances of the planar viscometric flow. These conditions are analysed and a comparison is made with the corresponding two-dimensional stability problem. There is a strong indication that the basic flow is less stable against three-dimensional disturbances than against two-dimensional ones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01359128
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    New FIR laser lines from optically pumped DCOF (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 1-4 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty FIR laser lines with wavelengths between 146 and 2000 μm have been observed from deuterated formyl fluoride (DCOF) optically pumped with isotopic CO2 lasers. Tunable diode laser measurements on thev 4 band of DCOF were combined with earlier high precision spectroscopic data on thev 3 andv 4 bands, and enabled identification of the transitions responsible for 9 of the new FIR lines.
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    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695468
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    The effect of added nitrogen on multiphoton absorption by ammonia (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 75-78 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 34 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multiphoton absorption (MPA) of the CO2 laser 9 μmR(30) line (pulse width 60 ns, FWHM) by NH3 and NH3/N2 mixtures was studied as a function of gas composition, pressure and laser fluence (Φ). MPA occurs for Φ smaller than those that have been used for optically pumped NH3/N2 lasers; consequently a simple two-level absorption model will not adequately describe laser action in these systems. The photon energy deposited in NH3/N2 mixtures can be calculated from the MPA cross-section and the fluence dependence of the illumination geometry. An examination of the efficiency of conversion of this absorbed energy to the reported radiant energy of optically pumped NH3/N2 lasers shows an optimum value which depends on pressure, and gas composition.
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    Power enhancement of the cw 12.08 μm NH3 Raman laser with the addition of H2/He buffer gases (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 105-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of H2, He, and N2 buffer gases on the efficiency of the cw 12.08 μm NH3 Raman laser are studied experimentally. The laser output power is increased by nearly 60% with the addition of H2 or He, which we essentially attribute to the high thermal conductivity of these buffer gases. In the optimum conditions (NH3/H2:1/1 mixture with 0.35 Torr partial pressure of NH3) 3.3 W output power at 12.08 μm is obtained which corresponds to 11% power conversion efficiency.
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  • 32
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    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
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  • 33
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    Population inversion in thallium by flashlamp-photodissociation of TII (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 83-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A population inversion between the 62 P 3/2 and 62 P 1/2 state of thallium has been achieved for the first time by incoherent photodissociation of TII. This is accomplished by using wall-ablating flashlamps of short risetime and appropriate light filtering. The inversion lasts about 4 μs and is terminated by quenching collisions.
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    The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 level of XeCl (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 193-198 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 vibrational level of XeCl* has been investigated by observing the coupling between theB v=1 andB v=0 vibrational levels under saturated lasing conditions. Based on this observation, estimates of the expected extraction efficiency from theB-state have been made.
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    Further study of continuous-wave CO flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/N2O type (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 29-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This report describes an experimental examination of the output characteristics of the continuous-wave (cw) carbon monoxide flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/N2O type in case of small CS2/O2 reactants ratios (tipically CS2/O2≦1/10). A linear burner which gives a homogeneous and stable flame was used during the experimental study. The measurements of temperature distribution in CS2/O2 as well as CS2/O2/N2O flames show maximum temperatures of 1040 and 890 K, respectively. The addition of nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to dramatically enhanced output laser power caused primarily by V−V transfer processes. A chemical efficiency, based on the reaction O+CS→CO*+S, of 3% was achieved. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/N2O type shows lasing in the region from 5.130 to 5.586 μm. Experimental results were obtained with a nondispersive optical cavity.
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    FIR NH3 cascade laser excited by a Q-switch laser (1983)
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    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 5-8 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Short FIR laser pulses of high repetition rate are obtained by pumping NH3 with the pulses of a passively Q-switched IR laser. The two cascade laser transitions observed show coupled relaxation oscillations. The pulse shapes and delay times are qualitatively in agreement with a four-level rate-equation model.
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    Repetitive passive Q-switching and bistability in lasers with saturable absorbers (1983)
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    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 57-77 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report detailed experimental data on the passive Q-switching operation in a CO2 laser with CH3I saturable absorber, and on the transient behaviour in the near-Q-switching situation. Under suitable operating conditions, we found bistability in the output power. In some cases, we observed the simultaneous presence of bistability and passive Q-switching. The theoretical part of the paper starts from the four-level model of laser with saturable absorber, as formulated by other authors. By adiabatically eliminating the variables of the resonant levels, we reduce the problem to a set of three differential equations, from which we derive explicit analytical conditions for the rise of passive Q-switching. These conditions turn out to be in good qualitative and partially quantitative agreement with our experimental findings as well as with other experimental data previously obtained by other authors. Finally we classify the possible combinations of passive Q-switching and bistability that one can find in this type of experiments.
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    Dye stability under excimer-laser pumping (1983)
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    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 109-116 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of polymethine dyes under XeCl laser excitation has been investigated. (For these dyes emitting in the ir the difference between absorbed and emitted photoenergy is 2 eV.) The stability was measured in an amplifier device operating in the saturated regime. While the influence on dye concentration is negligible, the fluence dependence shows the importance of two photon absorptions. A meausure for the stability is the number of photons which can be emitted per dye molecule before the dye solution has degraded to 50% of the initial value. This value is in the range of 150–280. The stability is clearly related to the formation of photoproducts absorbing at the pump and the laser wavelength. A model starting from the change in the dye solution absorption spectra is in very good agreement with the observed energy decays.
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    Difference schemes for the dispersive equation (1983)
    Springer
    Computing 31 (1983), S. 261-267 
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    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65M10 ; Dispersive equation ; finite difference ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung von Differenzenverfahren für die Dispersionsgleichungu 1=au xxx. Es werden Kriterien zur Herleitung von Stabilitätsbedingungen für Differenzenverfahren angegeben und auf die angegebenen Differenzenverfahren angewendet.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a table of difference schemes for the dispersive equationu i=au xxx is presented. A collection of criterions for deriving stability conditions of difference schemes is given and applied to these difference schemes.
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    Modulation of radiation in nonstationary resonant media (1983)
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    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 41-45 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.10 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the propagation of radiation in a gas, the resonant frequency of which changes with time when affected by external electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that for an harmonic change of the resonant frequency under appreciable energy exchange between electromagnetic field and medium, deep amplitude modulation of radiation may be achieved. The analytical expressions obtained for a field in a gas allow rather accurate calculation of the space-time structure of the radiation penetrated through the medium layer. The numerical calculations are compared with the known experiment [4], good agreement is obtained. The transformation of radiation between dispersive branches with adiabatic stepwise variation of the resonant frequency has been also studied. Branch-tobranch transformation is investigated and the adiabatic invariant is found to be the total number of the high and low frequency radiation quanta corresponding to two dispersive branches.
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  • 41
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    cw far-infrared lasing in15NH3, stark resonantly pumped by a CO2 or N2O laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 79-81 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 48 new resonant pumping schemes, by ir Stark tuning, have been performed on15NH3, with cw CO2 and N2O lasers. Among the 25 different fir wavelengths obtained, 15 correspond to new emissions, raising thus to 45 the total number of cw fir emissions from this gas, in the presence of electric field.
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  • 42
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    Time separation technique for large databases (1983)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 12 (1983), S. 193-209 
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    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Database ; characteristic frequency ; aggregated model ; decomposition ; stability ; dynamic distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A time decomposition technique is suggested for large-database (DB) models. The problem of network aggregation is studied and the results used to create a meaningful decomposed model. Decomposition conditions and assumptions are discussed and illustrated by examples. A practical operating schedule is presented for the time-separated DB model. The schedule uses a sequence of decomposed models, which are to be constructed recursively. The application of the time separation technique for large-DB models is presented in the form of a closed-loop algorithm. The problem of decomposition stability with respect to variations in time constants is considered as well. Two alternative approaches to the problem are suggested. For a probabilistic approach, practical approximate formulas are obtained for subsystem time constants and recommendations are made with respect to the decomposition structure. An approximate performance analysis is done for both standard and time-decomposed models. A comparison of the results is given.
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    The pharmacokinetics of furazlocillin in healthy humans (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 11 (1983), S. 5-30 
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    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: furazlocillin acylureido penicillin ; stability ; microbiological ; high pressure liquid chromatography assays ; red cell partitioning ; plasma protein binding ; healthy humans ; posture independent ; dose dependent pharmacokinetics of disposition ; pharmacokinetics of the penicilloic acid derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of the novel acylureidopenicillin furazlocillin, 6-[D-2-(3-furfurylidenamino-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamido]-penicillanic acid and of its penicilloic acid derivative were investigated in five healthy male volunteers after intravenous administration of 2 and 4 g dosages. The volunteers were either in a lying or sitting position throughout the duration of the studies. The concentrations of the drug in plasma and urine were measured by two different methods in parallel: a microbiological assay and a newly developed high pressure liquid chromatography method. The latter method was also applicable for quantitation of the penicilloic acid derivative in these biological fluids. The drug's plasma protein binding (66%) and apparent red cell-plasma partition coefficient (0.055) were concentration independent. The pharmacokinetics of the drug were first order only at the lower dose level The apparent half lives of three distinguishable phases were, respectively, 4 $$(t_{1/2_1 } )$$ , 18 $$(t_{1/2_2 } )$$ , and 64 $$(t_{1/2_z } )$$ .
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    Rheology of coal suspensions (1983)
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    Rheologica acta 22 (1983), S. 500-504 
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    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Coal suspension ; shear dependence ; solid phase concentration ; dispersing medium ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Proper design of operations encountered in preparation, transport and employment of suspensions like coal slurries and coal-oil mixtures require an accurate knowledge of their rheological behaviour. Such concentrated suspensions generally exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour (shearthinning) which is more pronounced at higher coal concentrations. The nature of the dispersing medium influences the aggregation state of the disperse phase and, consequently, affects the stability and the rheology of the systems. In the present paper coal suspensions prepared with different dispersing media and covering a wide range in solid phase concentration are studied, by using a rotational coaxial cylinders viscometer. Different models have been taken into consideration for correlating experimental data. In particular, in order to describe the dependence of viscosity on shear rate and solid phase concentration, the suitability of the model suggested by Smith and Bruce is evaluated. Accordingly, the aggregation state of the disperse phase as well as its dependence on shear rate and dispersing medium can be estimated.
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    Progressive contextualization: Methods for research in human ecology (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 265-281 
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    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: human ecology research methods ; systems analyses ; people-forest interactions ; flux ; stability ; Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program ; Kalimantan (Borneo)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Theoretically or practically significant research results concerning transitory as well as persistent phenomena can be obtained by human ecologists while avoiding commitment to long-term, expensive projects, rigid frameworks, traditional disciplinary goals, and unwarranted assumptions about the stability and purposiveness of units or systems. The procedures to be followed, as illustrated by research on people-forest interactions in East Kalimantan, involve a focus on significant human activities or people-environment interactions and the explanation of these by their placement within progressively wider or denser contexts. Guides for progressively contextualizing activities or interactions include a rationality principle, comparative knowledge of contexts, and the principle of pursuing the surprising.
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    A comparative study of the sessile, filter-feeding ciliates of several small streams (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 98 (1983), S. 125-133 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: peritrichs ; ciliates ; streams ; aufwuchs ; stability ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Artificial substrates, consisting of strips of nylon cloth, were used to sample sessile, filter-feeding ciliates at eleven stream sites. These ciliates were common (61 % of samples) and frequently abundant (mean = 95 cm−2). Populations varied widely, even within stream sites, and mean abundance was not related to subjective assessments of the sites. Permanent rural streams and streams below reservoirs, which have relatively stable flow regimes, had a peritrich fauna dominated byVorticella campanula along withCarchesium polypinum andV. striata. Urban and intermittent streams, with less stable flow regimes, showed an increasing number of peritrichs with non-contractile stalks, particularlyEpistylis plicatilis. The commonness and diversity of peritrichs was positively related to aufwuchs stability.
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    Method of reduction in convex programming (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 40 (1983), S. 349-378 
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    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Convexity ; subdifferentials ; cones of directions of constancy ; equality set of constraints ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm which solves a convex program with faithfully convex (not necessarily differentiable) constraints. While finding a feasible starting point, the algorithm reduces the program to an equivalent program for which Slater's condition is satisfied. Included are algorithms for calculating various objects which have recently appeared in the literature. Stability of the algorithm is discussed.
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    Stability of compromise solution in multicriteria decision-making problems (1983)
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 40 (1983), S. 77-83 
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    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Parameterized decision-making problems ; utopia point ; compromise solutions ; Hausdorff distance ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Stability is a desirable attribute of the nondominated solution in the decision-making problem with multiple noncommensurable objectives. It is assumed that the decision space is given by a system of inequalitiesG(x)≤b, b ∈ R N . In this paper, sufficient conditions are determined for a compromise solution to be stable with respect to the changes ofb.
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    Conflict dissolution by reframing game payoffs using linear perturbations (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 39 (1983), S. 187-214 
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    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Self-interest maximization ; self-interest stable solutions ; self-interest cooperative games ; self-interest noncooperative games ; monotonic games ; decomposition theory ; reframing game payoffs ; full cooperation ; targeted solutions ; Pareto optimality ; collective group interest ; stability ; structural departure ; incentives for adopting a new game ; habitual domain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Human beings have a prevailing drive to achieve their self-interest goals or equilibrium states, which may subsume their social interests. An ideal working environment or cooperative game situation would be one in which each participant or player maximizes his/her own interest while maximizing his/her contribution to the collective group interest. This paper addresses the feasibility, methods, and bounds for reframing a generaln-person game into an ideal game in which full cooperation or a targeted solution can be induced and maintained by the players' self-interest maximization. Criteria for good reframing are introduced. Monotonic games, self-interest cooperative and noncooperative games, and a decomposition theory of general games are also introduced to facilitate the study. It is shown that everyn-person game can be written as the sum of a self-interest cooperative game and a self-interest noncooperative game. Everyn-person game can be reframed so that full cooperation can be achieved by the players' self-interest maximization. Everyn-person game can be reframed so that a targeted solution can be obtained and maintained through the players' self-interest maximization.
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    Stepwise photoionization of complex organic molecules in the gas phase induced by UV laser radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 57-61 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
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    Origin of laser-output noise of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
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    Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 μm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 15-18 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical absorption,S 1 lifetime, and photostability are investigated for a series of heptamethine ir dyes and related to chemical structure. The high photostability of several dyes and the large range ofS 1 lifetimes make these dyes very interesting for ir dye lasers and for ir mode-locked laser systems.
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    Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 13-14 
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    Notes: Abstract Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 μm≦λ≦538 μm were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 μm band of a cw CO2 laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 μm≦λ≦783 μm were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.
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    Temporal analysis of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser by four-wave mixing (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
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    Free electron laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 150-154 
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    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-232 
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    Keywords: 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
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    Guided waves and IR lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 283-289 
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    Keywords: 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
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    Free electron laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
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    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
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    The He/Cl2 laser at 258 nm (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 49-55 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 34 ; 33
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    Notes: Abstract Lasing from e-beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures at 258 nm was investigated in a longitudinal pumping geometry. Time dependence, output powers and energies as well as the spectral composition of the laser pulses were determined for different experimental conditions. Optical gain was observed for eight transitions around 258 nm. The fine structure results from isotopic splitting and contributions from different vibrational states. No bottle-necking occurs. However, saturation and absorption by excited states limited the total output power to 6MW and the output energies to 200 mJ. A simple kinetic model is proposed that reproduces the larger number of experimental data quite sufficiently.
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    Ultra-violet excited laser emission in Na2 (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 195-200 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 35
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser emission at different wavelengths in the range of 903–914 nm and around 2.5 μm has been observed upon excitation of Na2 by uv radiation from an excimer laser at 351 nm and an excimer pumped dye laser in this wavelength range. The emission is attributed to a cascade emission $$C^1 \Pi _u \to 2^1 \sum _g^ + $$ followed by $$2^1 \sum _g^ + \to A^1 \sum _u^ + $$ . In addition, coupled with the laser emission around 910 nm, broad-band fluorescence peaking around 855.5 nm is observed which, eventually, may be the first observation of the $$b^3 \sum _g^ + \to x^3 \sum _u^ + $$ bound-free transition in Na2.
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    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
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    On the theory of electron motion due to superposed em waves and its application to the free-electron laser with linear polarization (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 15-20 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
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    Notes: Abstract The relativistic motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field depending only on one coordinate is shown to be exactly equivalent to the unidimensional motion of a particle having a time and space-varying mass. By means of the averaged Lagrangian method an approximate solution is obtained for the relativistic electron motion in two oppositely moving waves of any polarization, one of them being weaker than the other one, thus generalizing the results previously obtained for circular polarization. A comparison with numerical calculations shows a good agreement. A pendulum-like motion in an effective periodic potential is shown to exist not only for two waves of the same frequency, but more generally when the frequency of the weaker wave is an odd harmonic of the frequency of the stronger one.
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    Novel quantum-electronics phenomena and devices (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 152-156 
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    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.55
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    Electron dynamics in free electron laser resonator modes (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 101-109 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 52.60
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    Notes: Abstract We study the electron phase-space evolution and gain in free electron lasers whose short-wavelength radiation has Gaussian spherial wavefronts. Several free electron laser designs are considered: the undulator, the tapered wavelength undulator, and the optical klystron. We find that the gain spectrum is no longer proportional to the slope of the forward spontaneous emission spectrum, and we determine the design of the Gaussian mode which maximizes the energy extraction from the electron beam.
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    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
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    Picosecond pulse transmission in germanium of various thicknesses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 201-205 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 78.20
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transmission of ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Nd: glass laser in germanium of various thicknesses (3 to 8 μm) has been measured as a function of incident irradiance. Transmission is seen to increase with irradiance level in all samples. The degree of enhancement is greater for the thcker samples. At high excitation levels, thinner samples show a peaking of transmission, which does not occur in a thick sample. Taking the sample as composed of thin elements, the parameters characterizing the photoexcited electron-hole plasma have been found by assuming homogeneous excitation within each element. Theoretical curves thus obtained give good quantitative account of the experimental results. Peaking of transmission is seen to due to a balance between absorption enhancement in the front portion of the sample and absorption reduction in the back.
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    Optically pumped14NH3 laser and its stark tuning at 10.78 μm (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 55-62 
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    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract Infrared (ir) emissions from a TEA-CO2-laser-pumped NH3 laser are reported. Superfluorescent emissions and selective single-line oscillations have been obtained in the range from 11 to 13 μm. The results make possible the design of a NH3 Stark cell allowing a 1 GHz shift of the 10.78 μm NH3 emission line.
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    Observation and assignment of submillimetre laser lines from CH3OH pumped by isotopic CO2 lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 19-25 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract New laser lines have been generated using methanol when isotopically labelled CO2 is used in the pump laser. 19 lines have been found when13C16O2 is used and 29 when12C18O2 is used. The wavelengths of the emission lines have been measured with a relative accuracy of 5×10−3 using the submillimetre resonator as a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, and the polarizations of the lines have also been measured. Some of the laser lines have been assigned to pure rotational transitions in the excited state associated with the CO stretching mode, other lines are believed to originate from pumping in combination bands.
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    A new method of measuring ultra-short coherent light pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 177-181 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method of pulse width measurement based on the total energy response of an etalon is presented. The theory is developed and results for several pulse shapes are given. The method is unique because no fast response detector is required and there are practically no spectral region limitations.
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    Applications of ps-pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 246-254 
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    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.65 ; 34 ; 42.55 ; 42.70 ; 78
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    Theory II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 255-261 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 36.20 ; 36.10 ; 02 ; 36 ; 42.80
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    On a free-electron-laser in a uniform magnetic field. A solution for arbitrarily strong electromagnetic radiation fields (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 15-18 
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    Keywords: 41 ; 42.55 ; 95
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    Notes: Abstract Exact expressions are derived for the gain of a free-electron laser based on a uniform longitudinal magnetic field configuration operating in the single-particle, low-gain regime. The gain is calculated for different parameters of the system. For strong enough a field, the gain decreases with an increase of the amplitude, becoming negative when passing a threshold value, which depends on the system parameters. Implications regarding the saturation of the lasing process are discussed.
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    New lasers II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 233-239 
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    Keywords: 42.70 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
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    Laser fusion (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 269-273 
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    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 51
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    The stability of induced compact mutant clones of Bramley's Seedling apple (1982)
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 451-459 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Malus ; apple ; gamma radiation ; mutants ; compact clones ; stability ; chimaera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twelve selected, compact, clones of Bramley's Seedling induced by gamma radiation treatment were checked for stability. Representative trees were used as vegetative parents for large scale multiplication, and further buds were treated with gamma radiation to disrupt the structure of their meristems. The results indicate that seven of the clones are as stable as the original cultivar, and therefore probably homohistont, containing only cells with compact mutant genotype. The other five clones proved to be unstable and gave rise to a large proportion of apparently normal trees. It is hypothesized that in these clones the L1 (epidermis) consists of normal unchanged tissue, while the bulk of the plant tissue layers are of mutant cells, i.e. that they are periclinal chimaeras with the genotypes of the different cell layers coded for different growth forms.
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    Thermo-elasticity of networks (1982)
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    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 895-910 
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    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: networks ; thermo-elasticity ; van der Waals equation of state ; stability
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Molecular networks may be considered as elastic fluids the conformational abilities of which are adequately characterized with the aid of the model of a van der Waals conformational gas with weak interactions. The internal properties are submitted to the conditions of internal equilibrium, thus, having their changes uniquely related to the global transformations of the network upon deformation. These global properties are at least determining the limits of stability which are expressed in the van der Waals approach by formulating of a reduced equation of state of real networks. It will be discussed on hand of thermo-elastic measurements and its quantitative description what is in need for a full and self-containing phenomenological description of molecular networks.
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    Behaviour of double emulsions in shear flows (1982)
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    Rheologica acta 21 (1982), S. 593-597 
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    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Shear deformation ; stability ; heterogeneous drop ; liquid membrane
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability behaviour of heterogeneous drops indicates that, for liquid-liquid dispersions, we may have to modify the stability criterion to incorporate either the rheological characteristics of the dispersion or its cohesion or both.
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    Evolutionarily persistent and evolutionarily stable strategies in plant pathosystems (1982)
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 837-845 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Evolutionarily persistent strategies ; evolutionarily stable strategies ; expansive energy ; game theory ; gene-for-gene game ; gene-for-gene relationship ; group selection ; pathosystem fitness ; persistence ; plant pathosystems ; resilience ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Using gene-for-gene relationships as a basis for comparison, I show that Robinson's (1979, 1980) concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy, or ESS for short, is very different from the original definition of Maynard Smith & Price (1973) and, in fact, contradicts it in a number of important respects. The notion of an evolutionarily persistent strategy, or EPS for short, is introduced to clarify these differences and to reduce the potential for confusion in the future. The EPS concept is developed in terms of Holling's (1973) concept of resilience and Van Valen's (1976) notion of expansive energy. The combination of an ESS (sensu Maynard Smith & Price, 1973) and an EPS is offered as an alternative to Robinson's (1979, 1980) ESS concept. Robinson's recommendations for a holistic approach to plant pathosystem management are supported.
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    A magnetically stabilized coaxial laser discharge (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
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    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
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    Long wavelength operation of a CW CO-laser up to 8.18 μm (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
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    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
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    Design criteria and operating characteristics of a single-mode pulsed dye laser (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
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    A one joule, XeCl pumped dye laser (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
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    Resonant pumping far-infrared NH3 laser (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702684
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    Optimization of the UV CuII laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702687
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  • 87
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    Single picosecond-pulse generation in a mode-locked oscillator and regenerative amplifier system (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692544
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  • 88
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    Theory of passive mode-locking of CW dye lasers with contacted and non-contacted absorbers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical treatment of the influence of a saturable absorber in close contact with a highly reflecting mirror on a light pulse is given. The shaping of a Gaussian pulse during a single passage through such an absorber is calculated for various absorber lengths. The influence of absorber position and length on the pulse parameters and the stability of a continuously pumped dye laser are investigated. The shortest pulses and the most favourable operation conditions of the laser are to be expected in the case of a short contacted saturable absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692447
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  • 89
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    Michelson mode selectors and spatial hole burning in single-mode cw dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-mode selection with Michelson selectors in cw standing-wave dye lasers is analyzed. The application of single and double Michelson mode selectors for compensation of spatial hole burning effects is described in detail. Upper limits for the pumping are considered. It is shown that with spatial hole burning compensation, even the single Michelson selector provides sufficient selectivity for high power single-mode operation in linear cavities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284914
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  • 90
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    A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a He−Ne laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a low power He−Ne laser has been described and used. With a proper resonator length very weak sideband modes on each side of the strong mode produce a feedback signal to a piezoelectric pusher which controls the resonator length. The long-term frequency stability was estimated to be about ±10 MHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692446
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  • 91
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    Simultaneous operation at two different wavelengths of an PrLaP5O14 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous laser operation at the wavelengths of λ1=637 and λ2=717 in Pr0.5La0.5P5O14 single crystals was observed. The crystals were excited by nanosecond publses from a Coumarin 2 dye laser (λ=450 nm). Laser emissions and their interdependence were studied both in crystals without an external resonator and in crystals placed within a plane parallel resonator. The energetic, time and frequency characteristics for both laser actions were examined. The effect of bifrequential emission was also found in crystals of different ratios of Pr and La ions concentration and in pure praseodymium pentaphosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900390
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  • 92
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    Infrared laser emission in two-photon pumped sodium vapour (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report infrared laser emission in the region of 3 to 5 μm from sodium vapour optically pumped by a pulsed dye laser with wavelengths ranging from 585 to 610nm. Twophoton excitation processes are believed to be responsible for the primary excitation. Both molecular transitions (4 to 5 μm) between high lying states, and atomic transitions (52 S 1/2−42 P 3/2,1/2 at 3.41 μm) have been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900394
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  • 93
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    On the homogeneization of transverse gas discharges by preionization (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n 0 necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899768
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  • 94
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    Theoretical and experimental investigations of a passively mode-locked Nd: Glass laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The presented theoretical model for a mode-locked Nd-glass laser simultaneously takes into account dynamics of the mode-locking dye, amplification saturation and radiation background. A systematic variation of laser parameters gives insight into the pulse formation process and allows to improve the laser design. The calculations show that it should be possible to decrease considerably the duration of light pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser. Using a new mode-locking dye with a switching time of τ=2.7×10−12 s we obtained stable laser operation and a pulse duration of 1.7×10−12s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899732
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  • 95
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    Measurement of atomic parameters for the3 D 1 state of I–II (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935388
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  • 96
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    Solvent dependent characteristics of XeCl pumped UV dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935386
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  • 97
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    A hollow cathode carbon atom laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 273-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of atomic carbon was obtained using a hollow cathode discharge tube. Besides the known 1.4543 μm and 1.0691 μm laser lines, cw laser operation at 1.0683 μm, 0.9658 μm, and 0.9406 μm wavelength was observed for the first time. The source of carbon was due to dissociation of CO, CO2 or CH4 added to the He buffer gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902982
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  • 98
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    A linac-pumped excimer laser: Fluorescence and scaling studies (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work was an experimental investigation of a potential large-scale excimer laser system, in which a high-pressure KrF gas mix was pumped by the 4-MeV electron beam from an available linear accelerator. As a function of the mix and the pressure, fluorescence from KrF* and/or Kr2F* were produced with good efficiency. Comparing measured data with a kinetic model, it was found that the kinetics followed the “normal” patterns seen in low-energy electron pumping. The data fitting process also resulted in a new value for the three-body quenching rate constant for reactions involving Ar. A critical factor in the development of this laser will be an improvement in beam control over that afforded by a simple solenoidal magnet. The conditions necessary for lasing are predicted; no inherent limitations on scaling of the device were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902991
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  • 99
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    Bistability of a CO2 laser with SF6 intracavity as an absorber: Transient effects (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900396
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  • 100
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    Radiocarbon dating by infrared laser spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A tunable diode laser and a multipass optical cell are used to investigate the feasibility of performing radiocarbon dating by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show that the detection of14CO2 at concentrations of14C/12C≲10−12 is not limited by interferences from the background of normal CO2 molecules, provided the gas sample is cooled. Using short-time constants, the present sensitivity of the infrared technique is comparable to that of an ideal disintegration counter. The experimental results are extrapolated to long time constants to demonstrate that radiocarbon dating by infrared spectroscopy is feasible, and that carbon samples with a mass of less than 1 gm can be dated by this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899738
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