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  • Chemistry  (50,345)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (4,314)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (3,124)
  • Deutschland
  • Ertrag
  • Seismicity
  • 1980-1984  (39,699)
  • 1945-1949  (4,154)
  • 1940-1944  (5,336)
  • 1935-1939  (8,866)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Paris, Pergamon, vol. 89, no. 9, pp. 2425-2443, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Seismology ; Nabelek ; JGR
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  • 2
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 89, no. B7, pp. 5891-5903, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake asperities ; Subduction zone ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JGR
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  • 3
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 11, no. B7, pp. 291-294, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; GRL
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  • 4
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 74, no. B7, pp. 1743-1755, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; BSSA
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  • 5
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    In:  Bild der Wissenschaft, Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 102-108, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Earthquake ; Seismicity
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  • 6
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 74, no. B3, pp. 1409-1426, pp. 1447, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; mathematics ; BSSA
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  • 7
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, August, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 3075-3086, pp. TC2016, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Pattern recognition ; Earth tides ; TIDES ; Correlation ; triggering ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; JGR
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  • 8
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    In:  Pageoph, Berlin, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 878-893, pp. RG1003, 25 pp., (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake asperities ; Aftershocks ; Fore-shocks
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  • 9
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 74, no. 8, pp. 605-620, pp. L12S09, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Source parameters ; BSSA
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  • 10
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 255-266, pp. B08307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; BSSA
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  • 11
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 6203-6227, pp. L01306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; China ; India ; JGR
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  • 12
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    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 77, no. 47, pp. 185-264, pp. L07302, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Fault zone ; NAF ; GJRAS
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  • 13
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 7689-7696
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Volcanology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; JGR
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  • 14
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    In:  J. Geophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1-12, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)
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  • 15
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 1-8 or 129-136 , pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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  • 16
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 129-136 or 1-8 , pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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  • 17
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 10219-10231, pp. 1517, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; Fault zone ; Seismicity ; Non-linear effects ; Migration of earthquakes ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; SModelling ; JGR
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  • 18
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. 9-12, pp. 5873-5890, pp. 1009, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Fault zone ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; JGR
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  • 19
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. B2, pp. 8315-8324, pp. B02403, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Volcanology ; JGR
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  • 20
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    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 105, no. 1-4, pp. 263-278, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; China ; Seismicity
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  • 21
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    In:  Antarctic Record, Kunming, China, AGU, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 29-36, pp. 2211, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Plate tectonics
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  • 22
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kunming, China, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 89, no. B10, pp. 11442-11464, pp. B10303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Plate tectonics ; Stress ; Geol. aspects ; JGR
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  • 23
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Dordrecht, D. Reidel, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1011-1030
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; BSSA
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  • 24
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 5867-5872
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; Seismicity ; JGR
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  • 25
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Minsk, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 24-45, pp. B12308
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake ; PEPI
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  • 26
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 235-254, pp. L09611
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Creep observations and analysis ; Earthquake asperities ; Seismicity ; BSSA
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  • 27
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    In:  Nature, Bonn, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 307, no. 3-5, pp. 505-509, pp. 1056, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismology
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  • 28
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 89, no. 3-4, pp. 6153-6170, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; JGR
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  • 29
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    In:  Pageoph, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 10-24, pp. 2501, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: models
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  • 30
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 209-219, pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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  • 31
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 7783-7795, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Broad-band ; Seismology ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; JGR
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  • 32
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    In:  Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 125-132, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: CRUST ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Stress ; Rheology
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  • 33
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    89
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, 89, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 5791-5799, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Friction ; Seismicity ; JGR
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  • 34
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 7641-7670, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Source parameters ; Fault zone ; JGR
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  • 35
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    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 883-896, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Source parameters ; Fault zone
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  • 36
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    Seismological Press
    In:  Beijing, China, Seismological Press, vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 37
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    Saint Louis University
    In:  Garland, Saint Louis University, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Seismicity
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  • 38
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    Seismological Press
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 100-110, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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  • 39
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    Seismological Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 14, no. 86-425, pp. 430-439, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; CRUST ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1984
    Description: Rekonstruktion der Klimadaten anhand historischer Aufzeichnungen über phänologische Daten (Tagebücher), Zehntzahlungen und Lohnzahlungne an Tagelöhner von landwirtschaftlichen Erträgen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Scheiz ; 1525-1860 ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Roggen ; Temperatur
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  • 41
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    Publ. Off. "Nauka"
    In:  Earthquakes and Geological Hazard Prediction colloquium 06, reports vol. 6, 27th Internatl. Geological Congress, 4-14 August 1984, Moscow, Publ. Off. "Nauka", vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 1-217
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; Grecce ; Turkey ; Italy ; Spain ; Algeria
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  • 42
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Karakorum Project, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 221-235, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; China
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  • 43
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    Inst. of Geophys., Chin. Acad. Sci.
    In:  preprint, Paris, Inst. of Geophys., Chin. Acad. Sci., vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2231, pp. 193-197
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Statistical investigations
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  • 44
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Dt. Geophys. Ges., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 1147-1163, pp. L06615, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; JGR
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  • 45
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    In:  Pageoph, Charleston, South Carolina, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 122, no. 7, pp. 848-862, pp. 2489, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity
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  • 46
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    In:  J. Seism. Res., New York, Scientific American, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 745-755, pp. B11404, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault zone ; China ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; JSR
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  • 47
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, AGU, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 5674-5680, pp. B12310, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; JGR
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  • 48
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 1767-1784, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; BSSA ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 49
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    In:  J. geol. Soc. London, Köln, Elsevier, vol. 141, no. 5, pp. 783-791, pp. 1015, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; age ; Lithosphere ; Geol. aspects ; South ; America ; Chile ; Coccos ; Nazca ; nokms
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  • 50
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    In:  Pageoph, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 894-900, pp. L01305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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  • 51
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    Stadarvalsnefnd um idnrekstur, Idnadarráduneytíd
    In:  Reykjavík, Stadarvalsnefnd um idnrekstur, Idnadarráduneytíd, vol. 167, no. XVI:, pp. 385-389, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: historical ; Seismicity ; Iceland
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  • 52
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    Thun
    In:  Bonn, Thun, vol. 54, no. XVI:, pp. 9-66, (ISBN: 3486274473, 2. Auflage 2004, xxiv, 244 Seiten)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Seismicity ; Geol. aspects
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  • 53
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    Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Erdbeben in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1981, Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 65, no. XVI:, pp. 20-22, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source parameters
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  • 54
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    Seismological Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 11-42, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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  • 55
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    U.S. Geological Survey
    In:  Open-File Report, Kiel, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 84-770, pp. 267-278, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: The iron-carbon monoxide stretching mode and the iron-carbon-oxygen bending mode in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase have been assigned at 520 and 578 cm-1, respectively. The frequencies, widths, and intensities of these modes show that the Fe-C-O grouping in carbon monoxide-cytochrome a3 is linear but tilted from the normal to the heme plane; that the iron-histidine bond in both five- and six-coordinate cytochrome a3 is strained; and that the carbon monoxide and the proximal histidine each have characteristic, well-defined orientations in all molecules. These data can account for the binding affinities of carbon monoxide and dioxygen under physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Argade, P V -- Ching, Y C -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, M L -- Rempel, D L -- 2-8423576/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):261-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Fourier Analysis ; Ions ; Lasers ; *Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their structures rigorously assigned.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, N E -- Malthouse, J P -- Scott, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):883-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Freezing ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Papain/metabolism ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pterins/metabolism ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; Free Radicals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; *Ozone ; Photochemistry ; Risk ; Singlet Oxygen ; Trichloroethanes ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meuzelaar, H L -- Windig, W -- Harper, A M -- Huff, S M -- McClennen, W H -- Richards, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):268-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coal ; Enterobacteriaceae/analysis/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Polymers
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro proceeds through an intermediate that has the 5' end of the intervening sequence joined to a site near the 3' splice site. This lariat structure, which has been characterized for an adenovirus 2 major late transcript, has a branch point, with 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds emanating from a single adenosine residue. The excised intervening sequence retains the branch site and terminates in a guanosine residue with a 3' hydroxyl group. The phosphate group at the splice junction between the two exons originates from the 3' splice site at the precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padgett, R A -- Konarska, M M -- Grabowski, P J -- Hardy, S F -- Sharp, P A -- P01-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM32467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. beta-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that beta-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, beta-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, G W -- Ingold, K U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Carotenoids/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Peroxides/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/metabolism ; beta Carotene
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, S C -- Prabhakaran, M -- Mao, B -- McCammon, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6560785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computers ; Cytosine ; Guanine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA, Fungal ; *RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl ; Yeasts/analysis
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Sequence-dependent variations in DNA revealed by x-ray crystallographic studies have suggested that certain DNA-reactive drugs may react preferentially with defined sequences in DNA. Drugs that wind around the helix and reside within one of the grooves of DNA have perhaps the greatest chance of recognizing sequence-dependent features of DNA. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 covalently binds through N-3 of adenine and resides within the minor groove of DNA. This drug overlaps with five base pairs for which a high sequence specificity exists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, L H -- Reynolds, V L -- Swenson, D H -- Petzold, G L -- Scahill, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; *Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Indoles ; Leucomycins/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petranyi, G -- Ryder, N S -- Stutz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6547247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Amines/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy ; Fungi/*drug effects/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Oxygenases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Squalene Monooxygenase
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: The effect of a partial pressure of nitrogen of 50 atmospheres (5065 kilopascals ) on the hydrogen evolution reaction of nitrogenase has been investigated. Evolution of hydrogen was not blocked completely by 50 atmospheres of nitrogen in any of four experiments; rather, 27.3 +/- 2.4 percent of the total electron flux through nitrogenase was directed toward production of hydrogen. The ratio of hydrogen evolved to nitrogen fixed was close to 1:1, which implies that hydrogen evolution is obligatory in the fixation of molecular nitrogen by nitrogenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, F B -- Burris, R H -- AI-00848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1095-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6585956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen ; *Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Nitrogenase ; Partial Pressure
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: Polypeptide analogs of the known members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for enhanced potency or competitive antagonism. Predictive methods and physicochemical measurements had suggested an internal secondary alpha-helical conformation spanning about 25 residues for at least three members of the CRF family. Maximization of alpha-helix-forming potential by amino acid substitutions from the native known sequences (rat/human and ovine CRF, sauvagine, and carp and sucker urotensin 1) led to the synthesis of an analog that was found to be more than twice as potent as either of the parent peptides in vitro. In contrast, certain amino-terminally shortened fragments, such as alpha-helical CRF or ovine CRF residues 8 to 41, 9 to 41, and 10 to 41, were found to be competitive inhibitors in vitro. Selected antagonists were examined and also found to be active in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, J -- Rivier, C -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Voyager 1 images show 14 volcanic centers wholly or partly within the Kane Patera quadrangle of Io, which are divided into four major classes: (1) shield with parallel flows; (2) shield with early radial fan shapd flows; (3) shield with radial fan shaped flows, surfaces of flows textured with longitudinal ridges; and (4) depression surrounded by plateau-forming scarp-bounded, untextured deposits. The interpretation attempted here hinges largely on the ability to distinguish lava flows from pyroclastic flows by remote sensing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 127-129
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Structural and tectonic interpretations of planetary surfaces rely strongly on visual determination of regional structural grain. This grain can be very complex and confusing, and sorting out of discrete trends in time and space is of utmost importance. This study is a test of these techniques applied to a well known area having several discrete structural grains. In the Bighorn Basin region of Wyoming, a largely overlooked N10E structural grain has been verified with detailed structural analysis and indicates a significant change in stress orientation at the end of the Laramide orogeny.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 307-309
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  • 72
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Tectoism in the Valles Marineris appears to have been accompanied by volcanism. The proposed volcanic features, though probably contemporaneous with the gigantic ones in the Tharsis area, are composed of small, mafic and, possibly, somewhat larger felsic flows. The size of these features is similar to that of volcanic flows on the Earth.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 135-137
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Experiments were carried out in a steel pressure device using controlled amounts of water and thermite melt to examine the mechanical energy released on explosive mixing following the initial contact of the two materials. An experimental design was used to allow the direct calculation of the mechanical energy by the dynamic lift of the device as recorded both optically and physically. A large number of experiments were run to accurately determine the optimum mixture of water and melt for the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy. The maximum efficiency observed was about 12% at a water/thermite mass ratio of 0.50. These experiments are the basis for the development of models of hydroexplosions and melt fragmentation. Particles collected from the experimental products are similar in size and shape to pyroclasts produced by much larger hydrovolcanic explosions. Melt rupture at optimum ratios produces very fine particles whereas rupture at high or low water/melt ratios produces large melt fragments. Grain surface textures in the experimental products are also related to the water/melt ratio and the mechanism of explosive mixing. It is thus possible to have qualitative information about the nature of the explosion from the sizes and shapes of the fragments produced.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 144-146
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Significant new geologic information has been revealed by comparing 1:5 million scale geologic maps of the equatorial zone quadrangles of Mercury (H-6, H-7 and H-8) to Earth-based elevation profiles and surface reflectivity maps of Mercury obtained in the early 1970's at the Arecibo (PR) and Goldstone (CA) radar facilities. These data consist of 23 Goldstone images and profiles of polarized return data at 12.5-cm wavelength and one Arecibo profile. Radar data with 150-m vertical accuracy and 10- to 20-km horizontal resolution are available for areas between latitudes 13 N. and 11 S. In general, these data sets show excellent correlation between: (1) relative elevation and roughness differences that are reflected by mapped geologic contacts; (2) mapped ridges and scarps that display distinctive radar signatures; and (3) position and morphology of crater-and-basin topographic elements. Inferences can also be drawn about topographic and geologic terrain beyond the area imaged by Mariner 10 cameras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 287
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: On Mars, the association of gullied escarpments and chaotic terrain is evidence for failure and scarp retreat of poorly consolidated materials. Some martian gullies have no surface outlets and may have drained through subterranean channels. Similar features, though on a much smaller scale, can be seen in alluvium along terrestrial river banks in semiarid regions, such as the Rio Puerco Valley of central New Mexico. Many of the escarpments along the Rio Puerco are developing through formation of collapse gullies, which drain through soil pipes. Gully development can be monitored on aerial photographs taken in 1935, 1962, and 1980. A regression model was developed to quantify gully evolution over a known time span. Soil pipes and their associated collapse gullies make recognizable signatures on the air photos. The areal extent of this signature can be normalized to the scarp length of each pipe-gully system, which makes comparisons between systems possible.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 196-197
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  • 76
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Geomorphic studies of impact structures in central Australia are being used to understand the complexities of fluvial dissection in the heavily cratered terrains of Mars. At Henbury, Northern Territory, approximately 12 small meteorite craters have interacted with a semiarid drainage system. The detailed mapping of the geologic and structural features at Henbury allowed this study to concentrate on degradational landforms. The breaching of crater rims by gullies was facilitated by the northward movement of sheetwash along an extensive pediment surface extending from the Bacon Range. South-facing crater rims have been preferentially breached because gullies on those sides were able to tap the largest amounts of runoff. At crater 6 a probable rim-gully system has captured the headward reaches of a pre-impact stream channel. The interactive history of impacts and drainage development is critical to understanding the relationships in the heavily cratered uplands of Mars. Whereas Henbury craters are younger than 4700 yrs. B.P., the Gosses Bluff structure formed about 130 million years ago. The bluff is essentially an etched central peak composed of resistant sandstone units. Fluvial erosion of this structure is also discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 175-177
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Eastern Acidalia Planitia contains a wide variety of terrain types on which are thousands of subkilometer volcanoes. Apparent morphometric variations were previously reported as a function of terrain type for the cones in the Cydonia area and extended to the rest of Acidalia for which high resolution Viking imagery exist. Crater counts are included for the six types of plains identified, density distributions of subkilometer cones found on each type of terrain, and orphometric data by morphological subclass as a function of terrain for more than 1400 cones.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 130-132
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Preliminary mapping shows East Butte to be a single, large cumulo-dome composed dominantly of rhyolite which can be classified into three main groups based on color and structure. The rhyolite of East Butte is aphanitic with phenocrysts of sanidine and quartz which vary from 1 to 5 mm in length. Vesicular reddish black inclusions of basalt up to 10 cm in length, found in all varieties of the East Butte rhyolites are believed to have originated from fragmentation of the basalt walls of the conduit by rhyolitic magma as it was emplaced. Most of the inclusions contain plagioclase phenocrysts. These phenocrysts measure up to 1 to 2 cm in length and have a typical euhedral, tabular habit. A 250-m diameter depression which has the appearance of a crater is located at the top of East Butte. Evidence supporting the fact that the depression is a crater is displayed by three small (3 to 5 m in height) mounds of massive rhyolite which border the depression.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 121-124
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Some of the geological relationships observed in the Mauna Loa sulfur flow may apply in considering volcanic processes on Io. Given the presence of sulfur/sulfur compounds in the eruption plumes and on the surface of Io, it is likely that extensive secondary deposits of sulfur exist, some of which may be of fumarolic origin and analogous to the Mauna Loa deposit. Given the likelihood of silicate volcanism of Io based on the inferred material properties of some flows, and the attendant high temperatures for silicate volcanism, it is likely that the secondary surface deposits of sulfur would have been mobilized without being heated to the high viscosity stage. Mobilized sulfur flows on Io may flow long distances as a result of: (1) low viscosities in the melting range; (2) sustained effusion resulting from continued heating source area; (3) continued remobilization within the flow as a consequence of surges from the source; and (4) extension via lava tubes, or similar conduits through which there is little heat loss. Sulfur flows may form a relatively thin veneer over silicate flows and other surface units, given their fluidity and low mobilization temperature. Active splashing and splattering may spread sulfur over a wider area contributing the bright blooms observed in association with some Ionian flows.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 133-134
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Perhaps the greatest chance for exhumation, or burial, of a landscape by terrestrial processes exists near the boundaries of the climatic belts. In the Southern Hemisphere, there is comparatively little land area within Budel's zone of extra-tropical valley formation, which contains most of the examples of exhumed topography in the Northern Hemisphere. The only examples of resurrected landforms that occur within Budel's tropical zone are located near the boundary of this zone, where climate may have changed during the Pleistocene. The ages of exhumed landforms sampled are not equally distributed through geologic time. Most of the exhumed features were created either during the Precambrian or the Tertiary periods which are commonly cited as episodes of significant landform development.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 240-242
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The Dry Valleys of Antarctica are examples of polar deserts which are rare geological features on the Earth. Such deserts typically have high salinities associated with their closed-basin waters and on many surficial materials throughout them. In order to examine the possible sources for the salts observed in association with the soils in the Dry Valleys. The chloride and bromide concentrations of the water leachates from 58 soils and core samples were measured. The Cl/Br ratio for seawater is 289 and ratios measured for most of the 58 soils studied (greater than 85% of the soils studied) was larger than the seawater ratio (ratios typically were greater than 1000 and ranged up to 50,000). The enrichment in Cl relative to Br is strong evidence that the alts present within the soils were derived from seawater during ordinary evaporation processes, and not from the deposition of Cl and Br from aerosols or from rock weathering as has often been suggested.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. Program; p 219-221
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Field studies of terrestrial landforms and the processes that shape them provide new directions to the study of planetary features. Investigations discussed address principally mudflow phenomena and drainage development. At the Valley of 10,000 Smokes (Katmai, AK) and Mount St. Helens, WA, studies of the development of erosional landforms (in particular, drainage) on fresh, new surfaces permitted analysis of the result of competition between geomorphic processes. Of specific interest is the development of stream pattern as a function of the competition between perennial seepage overland flow (from glacial or groundwater sources), ephemeral overland flow (from pluvial or seasonal melt sources), and ephemeral/perennial groundwater sapping, as a function of time since initial resurfacing, material properties, and seasonal/annual environmental conditions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 194-195
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Desert pavement is a general term describing a surface that typically consists of a thin layer of cm-sized rock fragments set on top of a layer of finer material in which no fragments are found. An understanding of desert pavement is important to planetary geology because they may play a major role in the formation and visibility of various aeolian features such as wind streaks, which are important on Mars and may be important on Venus. A field study was conducted in Amboy, California to determine the formation mechanism of desert pavements. The probable sequence of events for the formation and evolution of a typical desert pavement surface, based on this experiment and the work of others, is as follows. Starting with a layer of surface material consisting of both fine particles and rock fragments, aeolian deflation will rapidly erode the surface until an armored lag is developed, after which aeolian processes become less important. The concentration of fragments then slowly increases as new fragments are brought to the surface from the subsurface and as fragments move downslope by sheet wash. Sheet wash would be responsible for removing very fine particles from the surface and for moving the fragments relative to one another, forming interlocks.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 169-170
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Field studies of terrestrial landforms and the processes that shape them provide new directions to the study of planetary features. These studies, conducted in Iceland and in Antarctica, investigated physical and chemical weathering mechanisms and rates, eolitan processes, mudflow phenomena, drainage development, and catastrophic fluvial and volcanic phenomena. Continuing investigations in Iceland fall in three main catagories: (1) catastrophic floods of the Jokulsa a Fjollum, (2) lahars associated with explosive volcanic eruptions of Askja caldera, and (3) rates of eolian abrasion in cold, volcanic deserts. The ice-free valleys of Antarctica, in particular those in South Victoria Land, have much is common with the surface of Mars. In addition to providing independent support for the application of the Iceland findings to consideration of the martian erosional system, the Antarctic observations also provide analogies to other martian phenomena. For example, a family of sand dunes in Victoria Valley are stabilized by the incorporation of snow as beds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 231-233
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Development of drainage networks by erosion by emergent groundwater (sapping) is being modelled by a combination of laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling. Miniature drainage networks formed in fine-grained sediments share many morphologic characteristics of Martian and terrestrial networks suspected to be formed by sapping processes. A larger and better instrumented sapping box was constructed to further explore the processes of sapping and the morphology of resulting networks. The experiments to be conducted in the sapping box will investigate the roles of several factors in controlling network morphology. The mechanics of sapping of fine-grained sediments were investigated in experiments in a two-dimensional sapping chamber and through development of a theoretical model. Results of extensive tests on sapping erosion of fine-grained, cohesionless sediment were analyzed with a theoretical model of the mechanics of sapping erosion and transport.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 191-193
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was initiated by a massive rockslide-debris avalanche which completely transformed the upper 25 km of the North Fork Toutle River valley. The debris was generated by one of the largest gravitational mass movements ever recorded on Earth. Moving at an average velocity of 35 m/s, the debris avalanche buried approximately 60 sq km of terrain to an average depth of 45 m with unconsolidated, poorly sorted volcaniclastic material, all within a period of 10 minutes. Where exposed and unaltered by subsequent lahars and pyroclastic flows, the new terrain surface was characterized predominantly by hummocks, closed depressions, and the absence of an identifiable channel network. Following emplacement of the debris avalanche, a complex interrelationship of fluvial and mass wasting processes immediately began operating to return the impacted area to an equilibrium status through the removal of material (potential energy) and re-establishment of graded conditions. In an attempt to chronicle the morphologic evolution of this unique environmental setting, a systematic series of interpretative maps of several selected areas was produced. These maps, which document the rate and character of active geomorphic processes, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 179-181
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Pressure ridges are surface features on basaltic lava flows and, as with other surface features, they may be related to the emplacement of a flow and the rheological properties of the lava. Since many ridges are of sufficient size to be detected on high resolution orbital images, an understanding of pressure ridges could provide a means for interpreting volcanic flows on other terrestrial planets. Some proposed formation mechanisms are reviewed and three different types of pressure ridges are identified on the basis of morphology. Type 1 ridges are the most common and are associated with multiple flow unit pahoehoe in which the ridges are embayed by secondary toe fed lava. They tend to be restricted to wider sections or margins of the flow and to be oriented longitudinal to flow direction; however, oblique or transverse orientation is not uncommon. Bulbous squeeze ups are common within cracks and may reflect relative timing of crack formation. The interior structure of type 1 ridges consists of an upper slab section which generally contains columnar joints and a lower massive section with an irregular surface. This basic distinction may mark the thickness of the surface crust when ridge formation was initiated. Type 2 ridges occur in association with type 1 and are very similar with the exception of the secondary squeeze out material. Instead of only filling cracks, the secondary material on these ridges originated from underneath a thin crust and flowed as toes or channels from the top and sides of the ridge. Type 3 ridges have much steeper sides (almost vertical at the top) than the other types. Medial cracks are very wide and the crack walls are convex upward. No squeeze ups are present. The main difference between type 3 and the others may be reflection of viscosity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 147-148
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: A model for the radiative cooling of thermally well mixed lava flows is presented and the relationship between effusion rate and length and area is analyzed. If radiative cooling is the prime mode of heat loss for a lava flow, one should expect to see a stronger correlation between the effusion rate and the plan area of the flow, than between effusion rate and just flow length. Different flows on a single volcano with differing initial temperatures, volatile content, and gross compositions should yield different areas for a given effusion rate. Likewise, a range of slopes for the relationship between effusion rate and flow area should result from comparisons between different volcanoes. As a test of these ideas, available data on the effusion rates, lengths, and areas of Hawaiian and Etnean flow is studied. It was found that: (1) the effusion rate/area correlation was statistically more significant than the correlation between effusion rate and length for four out of the five eruption episodes which met the necessary criteria of more than three individual flows with area, length, and effusion rate independently measured; (2) that there exists a minimum length and area for a given effusion rate, reflecting competition between overall characteristic proportionality between effusion rate and flow length, width, and area.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 141-143
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Between 1217 and 1620 hours (PDT), on May 18, 1980, the magmatic eruption column of Mount St. Helens formed an ash fountain and pyroclastic flows dominated the eruption process over tephra ejection. Eurption-rate pulsations generally increased to a maximum at 1600 to 1700 hrs. After 1620 hrs, the eruption assumed an open-vent discharge with strong, vertical ejection of tephra. Relative eruption rates (relative mass flux rates) of the pyroclastic flows were determined by correlating sequential photographs and SLAR images, obtained during the eruption, with stratigraphy and surface morphology of the deposits.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 125-126
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Reexamination of Upheaval Dome in the Canyonlands National Park, Utah, shows that the structure of this remarkable feature conforms with that expected for a deeply eroded astrobleme. The structure is definitely not compatible with an origin due simply to plastic flowage of salt and other rocks in the underlying Paradox Formation. The most strongly deformed rocks are bounded by a series of circumferential listric faults. The convergent displacement of the rocks corresponds to the deformation that results from collapse of a transient cavity produced by high speed impact. From considerations of the probable depth of exposure of the impact structure and upward extrapolation of the listric faults, the final collapsed crater is estimated to be about 8 to 10 km in diameter; the impacting body was on the order of 0.5 km in diameter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 93
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A brief synopsis of the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite environment is presented including neutral and ionic species. Two ground based atomic and molecular beam instruments are described which are capable of simulating the interaction of spacecraft surfaces with the LEO environment and detecting the results of these interactions. The first detects mass spectrometrically low level fluxes of reactively and nonreactively surface scattered species as a function of scattering angle and velocity while the second ultrahigh velocity (UHV) molecular beam, laser induced fluorescence apparatus is capable of measuring chemiluminescence produced by either gas phase or gas-surface interactions. A number of proposed experiments are described.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 13th Space Simulation Conf.; p 193-204
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A brief review of atmospheric composition in low Earth orbit is presented. The flux of ambient atomic oxygen incident on a surface orbiting in this environment is described. Estimates are presented of the fluence of atomic oxygen to which satellite surfaces in various orbits are exposed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 13th Space Simulation Conf.; p 133-145
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Three-dimensional finite element modeling techniques are used to synthesize geodetic and seismological results for 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. The strategy pursued consists of two principal steps. In the first step, the seismologically-derived coseismic fault slip is taken as a function of position in the fault plane and is applied directly to the three-dimensional dislocation model. In the second step, a physical model of stresses and constitutive parameters is perturbed so as to reproduce the observed fault slip. Hence, the principal features of the coseismic slip pattern are explained by a stress-driven fault model in which: (1) a spatially unresolved asperity is found equivalent to a stress drop of 18 MPa averaged over an area of 15 sq km, and (2) driving stress is essentially absent on the fault segment overlapping the 1940 earthquake rupture zone.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Seismological Society of America, Bulletin (ISSN 0037-1106); 74; 2413-243
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Atmospheric interactions involving the nitrogen species are varied and complex. These interactions include photochemical reactions, initiated by the absorption of solar photons and chemical kinetic reactions, which involve both homogeneous (gas-to-gas reactions) and heterogeneous (gas-to-particle) reactions. Another important atmospheric interaction is the production of nitrogen oxides by atmospheric lightning. The nitrogen cycle strongly couples the biosphere and atmosphere. Many nitrogen species are produced by biogenic processes. Once in the atmosphere nitrogen oxides are photochemically and chemically transformed to nitrates, which are returned to the biosphere via precipitation, dry deposition and aerosols to close the biosphere-atmosphere nitrogen cycle. The sources, sinks and photochemistry/chemistry of the nitrogen species; atmospheric nitrogen species; souces and sinks of nitrous oxide; sources; sinks and photochemistry/chemistry of ammonia; seasonal variation of the vertical distribution of ammonia in the troposphere; surface and atmospheric sources of the nitrogen species, and seasonal variation of ground level ammonia are summarized.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL The interaction of Global Biochemical Cycles; p 179-208
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: If all biotic sinks of atmospheric CO2 reported were added a value of about 0.4 Gt C/yr would be found. For each category, a very high (non-conservative) estimate was used. This still does not provide a sufficient basis for achieving a balance between the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. The bulk of the discrepancy lies in a combination of errors in the major terms, the greatest being in a combination of errors in the major terms, the greatest being in the net biotic release and ocean uptake segments, but smaller errors or biases may exist in calculations of the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase and total fossil fuel use as well. The reason why biotic sinks are not capable of balancing the CO2 increase via nutrient-matching in the short-term is apparent from a comparison of the stoichiometry of the sources and sinks. The burning of fossil fuels and forest biomass releases much more CO2-carbon than is sequestered as organic carbon.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL The interaction of Global Biochemical Cycles; p 97-116
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The initial attempts to model the atmospheric CO2 distribution, including couplings to the ocean and biosphere as sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, encourage the notion that this approach will lead to useful quantitative constraints on CO2 fluxes. Realization of this objective will require: (1) continued improvement in the realism of the global transport modeling; (2) extended timeline of atmospheric CO2 monitoring, which improved precision and improved definition of the uncertainties in the measured CO2 amounts; and (3) given an accurate knowledge of model capabilities and limitations and given a good understanding of CO2 observations and their limitations, there is a need for good ideas concerning what quantitative information on the carbon cycle can be inferred from global modeling.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: JPL The interaction of Global Biochemical Cycles; p 117-140
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A science that chooses the globe as it fundamental biogeophysical unit forces extraordinary conceptual difficulties. The roles of energy flow, matter cycles, carbon cycle, air pollution, global effects, air water interactions are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: The interaction of Global Biochemical Cycles; p 17-24
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of atmospheric aerosol backscatter coefficients, using a coherent CO2 lidar at 9.25- and 10.6-micron wavelengths, are described. Vertical profiles of the volume backscatter coefficient beta have been measured to a 10-km altitude over the Pasadena, CA, region. These measurements indicate a wide range of variability in beta both in and above the local boundary layer. Certain profiles also indicate a significant enhancement in beta at the 9.25-micron wavelength compared with beta at the 10.6-micron wavelength, which possibly indicates a major contribution to the volume backscatter from ammonium sulfate aerosol particles.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 2510-251
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: While in the lobes of the distant magnetotail, ISEE-3 encountered regions of compressed magnetic field at a rate of several per day. The duration of these events was 5 to 20 minutes and they were observed 10 to 30 minutes following the onset of substorm activity near the earth. During each event, the lobe magnetic field tilted first northward and then southward with the inflection point near the time of peak field strength. Following the compression events, the lobe field weakened and retained a southward component for 20 to 40 minutes. It is suggested that these traveling compression regions are the lobe signatures of plasmoids moving rapidly down the tail in the plasma sheet. Comparison of ISEE-3 compression event times with substorm onset times yielded propagation speeds of 350 to 750 km/s.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 657-660
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Ionospheric rocket sounding data for eight nighttime auroral events are used to characterize relativistic electron showers and their effects on atmospheric ozone. The rockets were launched from the Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska and from Andoya, Norway over the period 1976-82. Energetic fluxes were always detected but were of insufficient magnitude to produce significant changes in stratospheric ozone. However, middle atmospheric energy sources were found to be dominated by relativistic electrons and X-ray bremmstrahlung, the latter from 40-55 km and the former from 55-60 km altitudes. The ionizing radiation is concluded to be a significant factor in mesospheric ion conductivity, mobility, electric field structure and analytical models for the ion-neutral chemistry.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5581-559
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