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  • 1
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    Drainage evolution in the debris avalanche deposits near Mount Saint Helens, Washington (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was initiated by a massive rockslide-debris avalanche which completely transformed the upper 25 km of the North Fork Toutle River valley. The debris was generated by one of the largest gravitational mass movements ever recorded on Earth. Moving at an average velocity of 35 m/s, the debris avalanche buried approximately 60 sq km of terrain to an average depth of 45 m with unconsolidated, poorly sorted volcaniclastic material, all within a period of 10 minutes. Where exposed and unaltered by subsequent lahars and pyroclastic flows, the new terrain surface was characterized predominantly by hummocks, closed depressions, and the absence of an identifiable channel network. Following emplacement of the debris avalanche, a complex interrelationship of fluvial and mass wasting processes immediately began operating to return the impacted area to an equilibrium status through the removal of material (potential energy) and re-establishment of graded conditions. In an attempt to chronicle the morphologic evolution of this unique environmental setting, a systematic series of interpretative maps of several selected areas was produced. These maps, which document the rate and character of active geomorphic processes, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 179-181
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Morphologic Evolution of the Mount St. Helens Crater Area, Washington (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: The large rockslide-avalanche that preceded the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 removed approximately 2.8 cubic km of material from the summit and north flank of the volcano, forming a horseshoe-shaped crater 2.0 km wide and 3.9 km long. A variety of erosional and depositional processes, notably mass wasting and gully development, acted to modify the topographic configuration of the crater area. To document this morphologic evolution, a series of annual large-scale topographic maps is being produced as a base for comparitive geomorphic analysis. Four topographic maps of the Mount St. Helens crater area at a scale of 1:4000 were produced by the National Mapping Division of the U. S. Geological Survey. Stereo aerial photography for the maps was obtained on 23 October 1980, 10 September 1981, 1 September 1982, and 17 August 1983. To quantify topographic changes in the study area, each topographic map is being digitized and corresponding X, Y, and Z values from successive maps are being computer-compared.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program; p 263-265
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The 19 March 1982 Eruption and Lahar at Mount Saint Helens: Implications for Martian Outlfow Channels? (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: A small explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens set into motion an unusually complex series of geomorphic and hydrologic processes that had not previously been described in the literature. This event was unusual in that a laterally-directed eruption dislodged and mobilized a thick snowpack from the surrounding crater floor and walls, resulting in the formation of a temporary lake. Catastrophic release of this self-impounded lake spawned a series of destructive debris avalanches and debris flows that moved rapidly down the volcano's north flank and into the North Toutle River valley. Catastrophic release of volatiles mobilized by volcanic activity has been discussed as a possible mechanism to explain a class of outflow channels on Mars. The eruption of Mount St. Helens provides a unique opportunity to study the deposits and landforms created by such an event; a more detailed field study and examination of Viking photographs of martian outflow channels is underway.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 178
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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