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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Velocity depth profile ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Tomography ; Surface waves ; JGR ; lithosphere ; Hyvoenen ; Hyvonen ; GFZ
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  • 2
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Amsterdam, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 75, no. 41, pp. 473, pp. B01405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1994
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Borehole geophys. ; Vertical seismic profiling ; Reflection seismics
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  • 3
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Corvallis, x + 406 pp., Oregon State University Press, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 873-892, pp. B06310, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Three dimensional ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Lithosphere ; GJI
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  • 4
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 12, pp. 1228, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; PEPI
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  • 5
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    In:  Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 125-132, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: CRUST ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Stress ; Rheology
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  • 6
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    In:  Terra Nova, Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 117-123, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: CRUST ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Borehole geophys. ; Review article ; Layers
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  • 7
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    In:  Tectonophys., Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 243, no. 2, pp. 223-239, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Lithosphere
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Caucasus ; Three-dimensional seismic modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with a procedure of a joint analysis of seismic data from earthquakes and those obtained by DSS. The DSS data are used as a first approximation to construct a two-dimensional model of the medium made up of individual blocks. These models serve as a basis when constructing specific three-dimensional travel-time curves. These travel-time curves are further used for the calculation of hypocenter parameters in a laterally inhomogeneous block medium. The hypocenter field and the travel times obtained are input data for the computation of three-dimensional fields of velocities in earthquake focal zones. Results of applying the proposed procedure to the Caucasus region are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A map of the observed gravity field of Europe has been constructed by averaging anomalies on a 1° X 1° grid in a combined reduction of Bouguer anomalies on land and free-air anomalies offshore. On the basis of the observed gravity field and recent seismic data on crustal structure, a 3-D density model for the lithosphere of Europe has been calculated. The model is represented by two complementary parts, each obtained by its own specific method. For the south of Eastern Europe, the 3-D density model of the Earth's crust comprising the sedimentary cover and three layers within the crystalline crust (upper, intermediate and lower crust) was obtained by the following procedure: (1) the velocity model was transformed into a density distribution using the velocity-density relation; (2) the gravity field of this density distribution was calculated by solving the 3-D direct gravity problem; (3) the residual gravity field was obtained by subtracting the total gravity effect of the model and the regional component from the oberved gravity field; (4) the isostatic equilibrium of the model was evaluated; (5) in accordance with the residual anomalies and isostasy estimates, some changes (mainly in density distribution within the sedimentary cover) were entered into the initial density model and the final version of the density model was obtained for the consolidated crust as well as for areas with density inhomogeneities within the upper mantle.The correlation between Moho traveltimes and crustal gravity influence obtained from the results of 3-D modelling for the south of Eastern Europe, supplemented by 2-D modelling data available over Western Europe, makes it possible to estimate (without solving the direct gravity problem) the crustal gravity field for the whole European continent. Residual anomalies due to subcrustal density inhomogeneities have been interpreted in the light of seismic tomography and heat-flow distribution.For both parts of the model geological and geodynamical interpretations of the results have been made. In particular, differences in the deep structure of the two major geoblocks of the continent—the West and East European Platforms—have been confirmed. Regions of relatively light upper mantle have been outlined beneath the east and north-west of the East European Platform, while a heavier upper mantle has been distinguished below the Alps, the Caucasus, and the Calabrian Arc, as well as under the South Caspian Depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 65 (1976), S. 1109-1125 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract During the last twenty years, the structure of the earth's crust and mantle of young orogenic systems has been investigated by means of seismic measurements. Therefore, it is possible now to discuss detailed problems. This paper deals with the crustal structure in the transition zone between the central part and the hinterland of an orogene. As demonstrated by three examples taken from the Western Alps, the Southern Apennines, and the Crimea, it can be stated that the crustal structure in these zones is anomalous. It is typical that, within the upper 20 km, a high-velocity layer exists which is separated from the crust/mantle boundary, being situated at a depth of 40–50 km, by an extreme low-velocity layer. Thus the existence of sialic material under basic material is indicated. The relation between the shallow high-velocity layer and the crust of the hinterland, no more than 20–30 km thick, is different in the cases described here. The crustal structure of the Eastern Alps and of the Caucasus is briefly discussed. Finally, this anomalous crustal structure and the tectonic development of an orogene are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Durant les 20 dernières années on a étudié, à l'aide d'enregistrements sismiques la structure de la croûte terrestre et du manteau supérieur dans les jeunes orogènes. Ceci permet aujourd'hui de discuter quelques questions de détail. Le présent travail a pour but d'étudier la structure de la croûte terrestre de la zone transitoire entre la zone centrale et l'arrière-pays ou une zone géoanticlinale interne voisine. L'étude de trois exemples tirés d'orogènes méditerranéens — Alpes occidentales, Apennins du sud et Crimée — indique que la structure de la croûte terrestre de ces zones est anormale. Elle est caracterisée par ceci: il existe dans les premiers 20 km d'épaisseur, une couche à vitesse élevée de 7 km/s environ, laquelle est nettement séparée de la limite croûte-manteau supérieur, à 40 à 50 km de profondeur, par une couche d'une vitesse extrêmement basse. La liaison entre la couche de haute vitesse à faible profondeur et la croûte de l'arrière-pays d'une épaisseur ne dépassant pas 20 à 30 km, est différente dans les cas cités. La structure de la croûte terrestre dans la région des Alpes orientales et du Caucase est brièvement discutée. Finalement la liaison entre cette structure anormale et le développement tectonique d'une orogène sont discutés.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den letzten 20 Jahren ist mit Hilfe seismischer Messungen die Struktur der Erdkruste und des oberen Erdmantels in jungen Orogenen erforscht worden, so daß es heute möglich ist, Detailfragen zu diskutieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Krustenstruktur im Übergangsbereich zwischen der zentralen Zone und dem Hinterland bzw. einem intern benachbarten geantiklinalen Bereich untersucht. An drei Beispielen aus mediterranen Orogenen — West-Alpen, Süd-Apennin und Krim — wird gezeigt daß die Krustenstruktur in diesen Zonen anomal ist. Diese Beispiele sind dadurch charakterisiert, daß in den oberen 20 km eine Schicht hoher Geschwindigkeit mit etwa 7 km/s auftritt, die von der Kruste/Mantel-Grenze in 40 bis 50 km Tiefe durch eine Zone extrem geringer Geschwindigkeit getrennt ist. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der flachen Hoch-Geschwindigkeits-Schicht und der nur 20 bis 30 km mächtigen Kruste des Hinterlandes ist in den behandelten Fällen unterschiedlich. Kurz werden die Verhältnisse in den Ostalpen und dem Kaukasus behandelt. Abschließend wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dieser anomalen Krustenstruktur und den Vorstellungen über den tektonischen Werdegang eines Orogens diskutiert.
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