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  • Other Sources  (79)
  • AGU  (78)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
  • 1985-1989  (29)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1975-1979  (13)
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  • 1
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    Constraints on fluid flow processes in the Hellenic Accretionary Complex (eastern Mediterranean Sea) from numerical modeling (2014)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119 (4). pp. 3601-3626.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The dynamics of accretionary convergent margins are severely influenced by intense deformation and fluid expulsion. To quantify the fluid pressure and fluid flow velocities in the Hellenic subduction system, we set up 2-D hydrogeological numerical models following two seismic reflection lines across the Mediterranean Ridge. These profiles bracket the along-strike variation in wedge geometry: moderate compression and a 〉4 km thick underthrust sequence in the west versus enhanced compression and 〈1 km of downgoing sediment in the center. Input parameters were obtained from preexisting geophysical data, drill cores, and new geotechnical laboratory experiments. A permeability-porosity relationship was determined by a sensitivity analysis, indicating that porosity and intrinsic permeability are small. This hampers the expulsion of fluids and leads to the build up of fluid overpressure in the deeper portion of the wedge and in the underthrust sediment. The loci of maximum fluid pressure are mainly controlled by the compactional fluid source, which generally decreases toward the backstop. However, pore pressure is still high at the decollement level at distances 〈100 km from the deformation front, either by the incorporation of low permeability evaporites or additional compaction of the wedge sediments in the two profiles. In the west, however, formation of a wide accretionary complex is facilitated by high pore pressure zones. When compared to other large accretionary complexes such as Nankai or Barbados, our results not only show broad similarities but also that near-lithostatic pore pressures may be easier to maintain in the Hellenic Arc because of accentuated collision, some underthrust evaporates, and a thicker underthrust sequence.
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  • 2
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    Harvesting of drifting filamentous macroalgae in the Baltic Sea: an energy assessment (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    In:  Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 6 (1). Art.-Nr.: 013116.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-23
    Description: Eutrophication combined with climate change has caused ephemeral filamentous macroalgae to increase and drifts of seaweed cover large areas of some Baltic Sea sites during summer. In ongoing projects, these mass occurrences of drifting filamentous macroalgae are being harvested to mitigate eutrophication, with preliminary results indicating considerable nutrient reduction potential. In the present study, an energy assessment was made of biogas production from the retrieved biomass for a Baltic Sea pilot case. Use of different indicators revealed a positive energy balance. The energy requirements corresponded to about 30%–40% of the energy content in the end products. The net energy gain was 530–800 MJ primary energy per ton wet weight of algae for small-scale and large-scale scenarios, where 6 000 and 13 000 tonnes dwt were harvested, respectively. However, the exergy efficiency differed from the energy efficiency, emphasising the importance of taking energy quality into consideration when evaluating energy systems. An uncertainty analysis indicated parametric uncertainty of about 25%–40%, which we consider to be acceptable given the generally high sensitivity of the indicators to changes in input data, allocation method, and system design. Overall, our evaluation indicated that biogas production may be a viable handling strategy for retrieved biomass, while harvesting other types of macroalgae than red filamentous species considered here may render a better energy balance due to higher methane yields.
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  • 3
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    Structure and variability of the abyssal water masses in the Ionian Sea in the period 2003-2010 (2013)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (2). pp. 931-943.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: This study presents aspects of the spatial and temporal variability of abyssal water masses in the Ionian Sea, as derived from recent temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and velocity observations and from comparisons between these and former observations. Previous studies showed how in the Southern Adriatic Sea the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) became fresher (ΔS ≈ −0.08) and colder (ΔT ≈ −0.1°C) after experiencing warming and salinification between 2003 and 2007. Our data, collected from October 2009 to July 2010 from two bottom moorings, one within the Strait of Otranto and the other in the northern Ionian, confirm this tendency: a bottom vein of southward-flowing AdDW, whose temperature and salinity continuously decreased during the observation time, was detected there. Typically, the vein travel time between the two stations ranged between 45 and 50 days. This gave us a temporal estimate for AdDW anomaly propagation towards the Ionian abyss from their Adriatic generation region. The density excess of the observed vein was always enough to enable its existence as a bottom-arrested current. This evidence confirms that, at that time (2009 and 2010), the Adriatic Sea was greatly contributing to the formation of Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW), the bottom water of the Eastern Mediterranean. Hence, based on these results and on the evidence that, from 2003 to 2009, abyssal Ionian waters became saltier and warmer under the time-lagged influence of AdDW, possible future changes in the EMDW characteristics, as a response to Adriatic variability, are discussed.
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  • 4
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    MIMOC: A global monthly isopycnal upper-ocean climatology with mixed layers (2013)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (4). pp. 1658-1672.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: A monthly, isopycnal/mixed-layer ocean climatology (MIMOC), global from 0 to 1950 dbar, is compared with other monthly ocean climatologies. All available quality-controlled profiles of temperature (T) and salinity (S) versus pressure (P) collected by conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instruments from the Argo Program, Ice-Tethered Profilers, and archived in the World Ocean Database are used. MIMOC provides maps of mixed layer properties (conservative temperature, Θ, absolute salinity, SA, and maximum P) as well as maps of interior ocean properties (Θ, SA, and P) to 1950 dbar on isopycnal surfaces. A third product merges the two onto a pressure grid spanning the upper 1950 dbar, adding more familiar potential temperature (θ) and practical salinity (S) maps. All maps are at monthly 0.5° × 0.5° resolution, spanning from 80°S to 90°N. Objective mapping routines used and described here incorporate an isobath-following component using a “Fast Marching” algorithm, as well as front-sharpening components in both the mixed layer and on interior isopycnals. Recent data are emphasized in the mapping. The goal is to compute a climatology that looks as much as possible like synoptic surveys sampled circa 2007–2011 during all phases of the seasonal cycle, minimizing transient eddy and wave signatures. MIMOC preserves a surface mixed layer, minimizes both diapycnal and isopycnal smoothing of θ-S, as well as preserves density structure in the vertical (pycnoclines and pycnostads) and the horizontal (fronts and their associated currents). It is statically stable and resolves water mass features, fronts, and currents with a high level of detail and fidelity.
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  • 5
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    Mechanical aspects of postglacial volcanism and tectonics of the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest Iceland (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91 (B12). pp. 12711-12721.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Four major NE trending postglacial volcanic and tectonic fissure swarms (volcanic systems) occur on the Reykjanes Peninsula, and the westernmost three are the main subject of this paper. Two main types of basaltic volcanoes are associated with these systems: shields of picrite and olivine tholeiite and tholeiite fissures. The average volume of 26 shields is 1.11 km3, and the total production is 29 km3, whereas the corresponding figures for lavas from 101 volcanic fissures are 0.11 km3 and 11 km3. The tectonic fractures are either tension fractures or normal faults of widths up to 20 m, throws up to 10 m, and lengths up to several kilometers. The volcanism and tectonics can be explained by magmatic pressure changes in ellipsoidal magma reservoirs located beneath the fissure swarms. A magmatic pressure increase of the order of 10 MPa is found to be sufficient for an excess uplift of the order of several meters, which is all that is needed to account for the fractures and measured dilation in the fissure swarms. It is concluded that most shield volcanoes, in particular the picrite shields and the large olivine tholeiite shields, formed during the early postglacial period and that their formation was facilitated by the stress field generated as a result of rapid uplift and bending of the crust above the reservoirs. Since that time the reservoirs have become independent systems, the volcanism has been confined to fissures, and the production rate has decreased significantly. During typical fissure eruptions (0.015 km3), only the uppermost several hundred meters of the source reservoir, depending on its magma content, supply magma to the eruption.
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  • 6
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    Variability of the Denmark Strait overflow: Moored time series from 1996–2011 (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 (C12). C12003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The Denmark Strait overflow provides about half of the total dense water overflow from the Nordic Seas into the North Atlantic Ocean. The velocity of the overflow has been monitored in the Strait with two moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers since 1996 with several interruptions due to mooring losses or instrument failure. So far, overflow transports were only calculated when data from both moorings were available. In this work, we introduce a linear model to fill gaps in the time series when data from only one instrument is available. The mean overflow transport is 3.4 Sv and exhibits a variance of 2.0 Sv2. No significant trend was detected in the time series. The highest variability in the transport is associated with the passage of mesoscale eddies with time scales of 2–10 days (associated with a variance of 1.5 Sv2). Seasonal variability is weak and explains less than 5% of the variance in all time series, which is in contrast to the strong seasonal cycle found in high resolution model simulations. Interannual variability is on the order of 10% of the mean. A relation to atmospheric forcing such as the local wind stress curl, as well as to larger scale phenomena, e.g. the North Atlantic Oscillation, is not detected. Since 2005 data from moored temperature, conductivity and pressure recorders have been available as well, monitoring the hydrographic variability at the bottom of Denmark Strait. In recent years the temperature time series of the Denmark Strait overflow revealed a cooling, while the salinity stayed nearly constant.
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  • 7
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    Observed and modeled surface eddy heat fluxes in the eastern Nordic Seas (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 (C8).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Large-scale budget calculations and numerical model process studies suggest that lateral eddy heat fluxes have an important cooling effect on the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) as it flows through the Nordic Seas. But observational estimates of such fluxes have been lacking. Here, wintertime surface eddy heat fluxes in the eastern Nordic Seas are estimated from surface drifter data, satellite data and an eddy-permitting numerical model. Maps of the eddy heat flux divergence suggest advective cooling along the path of the NwAC. Integrating the flux divergence over temperature classes yields consistent estimates for the three data sets; the waters warmer than about 6°C are cooled while the cooler waters are warmed. Similar integrations over bottom depth classes show that regions shallower than about 2000 m are cooled while deeper regions are warmed. Finally, integrating the flux divergence along the core of the NwAC suggests that the highest eddy-induced heat loss at the surface is along the steepest part of the continental slope, east of the Lofoten Basin. The model fields indicate that cooling of the current by lateral eddy fluxes is comparable to or larger than the local heat loss to the atmosphere.
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  • 8
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    Structure and seismogenic properties of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 (B1). B01312.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: On 12 September 2007, an Mw8.4 earthquake occurred within the southern section of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone, where the subduction thrust had previously ruptured in 1833 and 1797. Traveltime data obtained from a temporary local seismic network, deployed between December 2007 and October 2008 to record the aftershocks of the 2007 event, was used to determine two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models of the Mentawai segment. The seismicity distribution reveals significant activity along the subduction interface and within two clusters in the overriding plate either side of the forearc basin. The downgoing slab is clearly distinguished by a dipping region of highVp (8.0 km/s), which can be a traced to ∼50 km depth, with an increased Vp/Vs ratio (1.75 to 1.90) beneath the islands and the western side of the forearc basin, suggesting hydrated oceanic crust. Above the slab, a shallow continental Moho of less than 30 km depth can be inferred, suggesting that the intersection of the continental mantle with the subducting slab is much shallower than the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone despite localized serpentinization being present at the toe of the mantle wedge. The outer arc islands are characterized by low Vp (4.5–5.8 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (greater than 2.0), suggesting that they consist of fluid saturated sediments. The very low rigidity of the outer forearc contributed to the slow rupture of the Mw 7.7 Mentawai tsunami earthquake on 25 October 2010.
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  • 9
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    Young mafic back arc volcanic rocks as indicators of continental lithospheric delamination beneath the Argentine Puna Plateau, central Andes (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99 (B12). pp. 24323-24339.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The spatial distribution of some major and trace element and isotopic characteristics of backarc Plio-Quaternary basaltic to high-Mg andesitic (51% to 58% SiO2) lavas in the southern Puna (24°S to 27°S) of the Central Andean Volcanic Zone (CVZ) reflect varying continental lithospheric thickness and the thermal state of the underlying mantle wedge and subducting plate. These lavas erupted from small cones and fissures associated with faults related to a change in the regional stress system in the southern Puna at ≈ 2 to 3 Ma. Three geochemical groups are recognized: (1) a relatively high volume intraplate group (high K; La/Ta ratio 〈25) that occurs over a thin continental lithosphere above a gap in the modern seismic zone and represents the highest percentage of mantle partial melt, (2) an intermediate volume, high-K calc-alkaline group ( La/Ta ratio 〉25) that occurs over intermediate thickness lithosphere on the margins of the seismic gap and behind the main CVZ and represents an intermediate percentage of mantle partial melt, and (3) a small-volume shoshonitic group (very high K) that occurs over relatively thick continental lithosphere in the northeast Puna and Altiplano and represents a very small percentage of mantle partial melt. Mantle-generated characteristics of these lavas are partially overprinted by mixing with melts of the overlying thickened crust as shown by the presence of quartz and feldspar xenocrysts, negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu 〈 0.90; most 〈 0.80), and radiogenic Sr (〉 0.7055) and Pb and nonradiogenic Nd ( εNd 〈 −0.4) isotopic ratios. Mixing calculations show that the lavas generally contain more than 20% to 25% crustal melt. The eruption of the intraplate group mafic lavas, the change in regional stress orientation, and the high elevation of the southern Puna are suggested to be the result of the late Pliocene mechanical delamination of a block (or blocks) of continental lithosphere (mantle and possibly lowermost crust). The loss of this lithosphere resulted in an influx of asthenosphere that caused heating of the subducting slab and yielded intraplate basic magmas that produced extensive melting at the base of the thickened crust. Heating of the subducting slab led to formation of the seismic gap and trenchward depletion of the slab component. Backarc calc-alkaline group lavas erupted on the margins of this delaminated block, whereas shoshonitic group lavas erupted over a zone of relatively thick nondelaminated lithosphere to the north.
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  • 10
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    Marine geology of the Hess Rise: 1. Bathymetry, surface sediment distribution, and environment of deposition (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86 (B11). pp. 10734-10752.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: New charts of bathymetry, acoustic character, and sediment distribution describe the Hess Rise, a large oceanic plateau in the central north Pacific. Discrete physiographic provinces on the Hess Rise are the High Plateau, shallower than 3900 m, trending N30°W; the Northeastern Flank, a smooth, gentle slope gradually increasing in depth to the northeast; the Woollard Abyssal Plain, extending farther to the northeast; the Volcanic Province with its high peaks and ridges along the southern margin of the Hess Rise; the Mendocino Fracture Zone to the south, expressed by broad, planar seafloor regions bordered by ridges and scarps; the Western Steps, formed by structural benches on the western side of the Rise; and the Emperor Deep, between the rise and the Emperor Seamounts. Five types of acoustic units have been mapped and interpreted: a transparent layer, predominantly of biosiliceous pelagic clay; a stratified layer, predominantly of nannofossil ooze; a diffuse layer of debris flows that seem to have originated mostly in the Volcanic Province; an opaque horizon commonly formed of volcaniclastic sediments that are usually found on the seafloor of the Mendocino Fracture Zone; and a hyperbolic horizon, indicating outcrops of igneous rock. The pronounced effect of bottom currents on the present-day environment of deposition in the Hess Rise is evidenced by the presence of the opaque horizon, which is interpreted as an erosion surface, and by current moating, abrupt thinning of surface layers and truncation of subbottom reflectors. The widespread erosion on the seafloor of the Mendocino Fracture Zone is attributed to the flow of Antarctic bottom water.
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  • 11
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    Mapping the fluid flow of the Mariana Mounds ridge flank hydrothermal system: Pore water chemical tracers (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100 (B5). pp. 8115-8131.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: We present a conceptual model of fluid circulation in a ridge flank hydrothermal system, the Mariana Mounds. The model is based on chemical data from pore waters extracted from piston cores and from push cores collected by deep‐sea research vessel Alvin in small, meter‐sized mounds situated on a local topographic high. These mounds are located within a region of heat flow exceeding that calculated from a conductive model and are zones of strong pore water upflow. We have interpreted the chemical data with time‐dependent transport‐reaction models to estimate pore water velocities. In the mounds themselves pore water velocities reach several meters per year to kilometers per year. Within about 100 m from these zones of focused upflow velocities decrease to several centimeters per year up to tens of centimeters per year. A larger area of low heat flow surrounds these heat flow and topographic highs, with upwelling pore water velocities less than 2 cm/yr. In some nearby cores, downwelling of bottom seawater is evident but at speeds less than 2 cm/yr. Downwelling through the sediments appears to be a minor source of seawater recharge to the basaltic basement. We conclude that the principal source of seawater recharge to basement is where basement outcrops exist, most likely a scarp about 2–4 km to the east and southeast of the study area.
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  • 12
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    Precipitation downscaling under climate change: Recent developments to bridge the gap between dynamical models and the end user (2010)
    AGU
    In:  Reviews of Geophysics, 48 (3). RG3003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Precipitation downscaling improves the coarse resolution and poor representation of precipitation in global climate models and helps end users to assess the likely hydrological impacts of climate change. This paper integrates perspectives from meteorologists, climatologists, statisticians, and hydrologists to identify generic end user (in particular, impact modeler) needs and to discuss downscaling capabilities and gaps. End users need a reliable representation of precipitation intensities and temporal and spatial variability, as well as physical consistency, independent of region and season. In addition to presenting dynamical downscaling, we review perfect prognosis statistical downscaling, model output statistics, and weather generators, focusing on recent developments to improve the representation of space-time variability. Furthermore, evaluation techniques to assess downscaling skill are presented. Downscaling adds considerable value to projections from global climate models. Remaining gaps are uncertainties arising from sparse data; representation of extreme summer precipitation, subdaily precipitation, and full precipitation fields on fine scales; capturing changes in small-scale processes and their feedback on large scales; and errors inherited from the driving global climate model.
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  • 13
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    Response of the eastern subtropical Atlantic SST to Saharan dust: A modeling and observational study (2010)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115 (C8).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from MODIS, and of sea surface temperature (SST) from TMI are analyzed jointly with the output of a numerical model for the period 2000-2006 to determine the impact of Saharan dust on the eastern subtropical North Atlantic SST. Simultaneously with, or shortly after strong dust outbreaks, a decrease in SST of 0.2 degrees to 0.4 degrees C can be observed in the microwave SST data set, which is consistent with an independent estimate of SST decrease simulated here by a local mixed layer model. However, low wind conditions and a shallow mixed layer are required to reach this response, and it is therefore unlikely that a clear response of SST to dust lasting more than a few days can be seen in the microwave SST observations. An inspection of microwave SST observations suggests that about 30% of SST variance could be explained by dust-induced cooling in our study region that is not represented in existing AVHRR SST fields nor represented in reanalysis centers-provided surface heat fluxes. On longer time scales, a comparison between observed SST fields and simulated SST, using an eddy-permitting model of the North Atlantic, suggests a cooling of about 0.5 degrees C on the local SST on sub-seasonal to interannual time scales which is significantly correlated and consistent with a dust-induced cooling. However, while supportive of the hypothesis that Saharan dust lead to a reduction in SST, the eddy-resolving model results are not by themselves conclusive. Moreover, the effects of dust-induced cooling on simulations of the ocean circulation, on atmospheric forecasts and on climate simulations remains to be investigated in future studies.
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  • 14
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    Slow Deformation and Transmission of Stress in the Earth (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-41598-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Stress ; Vanicek
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Volcanic Hazards (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 1-903544-06-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Deep Structure and Past Kinematics of Accreted Terranes (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 5, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-89871-521-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Plate tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Mechanical models of tilted block basins (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Origin and Evolution of Sedimentary Basins and Their Energy, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 65-71, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; 8110 ; Tectonophysics ; Continental ; tectonics ; 8165 ; Structural ; geology ; (crustal ; structure ; and ; mechanics) ; 8194 ; Instruments ; and ; techniques
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Fundamental in Geostatistics in Five Lessons (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 8, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)
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    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Statistical investigations
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Evolution of Mid Ocean Ridges (1989)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Shear-wave polarizations at the Anza seismic array (1989)
    AGU
    In:  AGU Spring Meeting, S22A-13, Baltimore, AGU, vol. 11, no. CUED/C/Mats/Tr 51, pp. 1414-1415
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismic networks ; Seismic arrays ; Filter- ; Polarization ; Shear waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    Elastic Properties and Equations of State (1988)
    AGU
    In:  Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 3-540-31080-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites - A review (1987)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 16, no. Subvol. a, pp. 111-123, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Review article ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 1, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 14, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Reflection seismics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Earthquake repeat time and average stress drop (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-342-00685-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Stress ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Source parameters ; Stress drop
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  • 26
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    Slip on an impermeable fault in a fluid-saturated rock mass (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 81-89, (ISBN 0-444-50971-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Fluids ; Source
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  • 27
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    Fracture of a single asperity on a finite fault: A model for weak earthquakes (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 91-96, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 28
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    Small and large earthquakes: The effects of the thickness of the seismogenic layer and free surface (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Maurice Ewing Ser., Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 209-216, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; scaling ; Magnitude ; seismic Moment ; nokms
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Rupture interaction with fault jogs (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Maurice Ewing Ser., Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 157-167, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Fracture ; Fault zone ; Source
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  • 30
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    Earthquake Source Mechanics (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington, D.C., 341 pp., AGU, vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 0-470-02298-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 31
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    On the elastic contact modeling of faults with variable stiffness (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN: 3486274473, 2. Auflage 2004, xxiv, 244 Seiten)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Friction ; Fault zone ; Elasticity
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  • 32
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    Rupture processes in the presence of creep zones (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Fracture ; Inelastic ; Fault zone ; Source mechanics
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  • 33
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    Low stress-drop earthquakes in the light of new data from the Anza, California telemetered digital array (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 237-245, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Stress drop ; Seismic arrays ; Source parameters
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  • 34
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    Long-range seismic refraction profiles in Europe (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 13, no. Subvol. a, pp. 167-182, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Refraction seismics ; Muller
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  • 35
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    The fractal geometry of faults and faulting (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 147-155, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: FractureT ; Fault zone ; Geol. aspects
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  • 36
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    A discussion of the depth extent of rupture in large continental earthquakes (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131-145, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Stress ; Geothermics ; CRUST ; Inelastic ; HGROSSER ; FROTH
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  • 37
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    Structural and volcanic expression of a fast slipping ridge-transform-ridge-plate boundary: Sea MARC I and photographic surveya at the Clipperton transform fault (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91 (B3). pp. 3469-3488.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: A high-resolution near-bottom survey has been conducted of the Clipperton transform fault and adjoining segments of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), using the Sea MARC I side-looking sonar system and the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Olympus-based camera system. The transform fault zone (TFZ) is a narrow, well-defined belt of transform-parallel lineaments, which varies along strike from a single, sharp-edged notch to a complex band of subparallel lineaments up to 1 km wide. The TFZ is set within a 5-km-wide band of unusually fine-grained side scan texture, which could indicate nonbasaltic seafloor and/or pervasively sheared and mass-wasted basaltic crust The fine-grained swath is surrounded by constructional volcanic terrain with no hint of strike-slip motion; this observation puts an upper limit of 5 km on the extent of lateral migration of the TFZ in the last 1.5 m.y. Both ridge transform intersections (RTIs) are dominated by bathymetric highs located on the old plate opposite the spreading center. A mantling of fresh-looking constructional volcanic terrain on side scan images suggests that the highs are built in part by recent extrusive and intrusive volcanism; thermal expansion may also play a part. The EPR south of Clipperton has recently experienced extrusion of high effusion rate basalts, burial of faults and fissures by lava flows, and development of vigorous hydrothermal circulation. On the EPR north of Clipperton, the axial zone of faults and fissures tapers toward the transform fault; this may reflect a change in the shape or size of the underlying shallow level magma feeders as a function of distance from the site of magma upwelling or distance toward the transform fault.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 38
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    A model of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 91 (C12). pp. 14192-14206.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: In the western tropical Atlantic, seasonal variations in the surface winds and in the ocean are dominated by an annual harmonic. A simulation with a general circulation model indicates that the response in the western side of the basin is an equilibrium one practically in phase with the local winds. It includes the following: large vertical excursions of the thermocline that have a 180° change in phase across 8°N approximately; a change in the direction of the North Brazilian Coastal Current, which flows continuously along the coast between December and May but which veers offshore near 5°N to feed the North Equatorial Countercurrent during the other months; and a seasonal reversal of the countercurrent. To the east of 30°W, seasonal changes in the model have a prominent semiannual harmonic in phase with the local winds but only partially attributable to forcing at that frequency. The transients excited by the abrupt intensification of the southeast tradewinds in May happen to have a phase essentially the same as that of the semiannual forcing. These transients decay by the end of the calendar year, so that the seasonal cycle that starts with the intensification of the winds in May can be treated as an initial value problem as far as the upper ocean, above the thermocline, is concerned. The winds along the equator determine the response of the surface equatorial layer in the Gulf of Guinea but play a minor role in the seasonal upwelling along the coast near 5°N. That upwelling is strongly influenced by changes in both components of the wind, and in the curl of the wind, over the Gulf of Guinea.
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  • 39
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    Isotopic versus micrometeorologic ocean CO2 fluxes: A serious conflict (1986)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 91 (C9). pp. 10517-10527.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Eddy correlation measurements over the ocean give CO2 fluxes an order of magnitude or more larger than expected from mass balance measurements using radiocarbon and radon 222. In particular, Smith and Jones (1985) reported large upward and downward fluxes in a surf zone at supersaturations of 15% and attributed them to the equilibration of bubbles at elevated pressures. They argue that even on the open ocean such bubble injection may create steady state CO2 supersaturations and that inferences of fluxes based on air-sea pCO2 differences and radon exchange velocities must be made with caution. We defend the global average CO2 exchange rate determined by three independent radioisotopic means: prebomb radiocarbon inventories; global surveys of mixed layer radon deficits; and oceanic uptake of bomb-produced radiocarbon. We argue that laboratory and lake data do not lead one to expect fluxes as large as reported from the eddy correlation technique; that the radon method of determining exchange velocities is indeed useful for estimating CO2 fluxes; that supersaturations of CO2 due to bubble injection on the open ocean are negligible; that the hypothesis that Smith and Jones advance cannot account for the fluxes that they report; and that the pCO2 values reported by Smith and Jones are likely to be systematically much too high. The CO2 fluxes for the ocean measured to date by the micrometeorological method can be reconciled with neither the observed concentrations of radioisotopes of radon and carbon in the oceans nor the tracer experiments carried out in lakes and in wind/wave tunnels.
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  • 40
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    Heat flow in southernmost California and the origin of the Salton Trough (1985)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 90 (B8). p. 6709.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Heat flow in the Imperial Valley and adjacent crystalline rocks is very high (∼140 mW m−2). Gravity and seismic studies suggest the crust is about 23.5 km thick with the lower half composed of gabbro and the upper fourth composed of low-density sediments. Conduction through such a crust resting directly on asthenosphere would give the observed heat flow if there were no extension or sedimentation. However, both processes must have been active, as the Imperial Valley is part of the Salton Trough, a pull-apart sedimentary basin that evolved over the past 4 or 5 m.y. To investigate the interrelations of these factors, we consider a one-dimensional model of basin formation in which the lower crustal gabbro and upper crustal sediments accumulated simultaneously as the crust extended and sedimentation kept pace with isostatic subsidence. For parameters appropriate for the Salton Trough, increasing the extension rate has little effect on surface heat flow because it increases effects of heating by intrusion and cooling by sedimentation in a compensating manner; it does, however, result in progressively increasing lower crustal temperatures. Analytical results suggest that the average extensional strain rate during formation of the trough was ∼20–50%/m.y. (∼1014 s−1); slower rates are inadequate to account for the present composition of the crust, and faster rates would probably cause massive crustal melting. To achieve the differential velocities of the Pacific plate at one end of the trough and North American plate at the other with this strain rate, extension must have, on the average, been distributed (or shifted about) over a spreading region ∼150 km wide. This is about 10 times wider than the present zone of active seismicity, suggesting that the seismic pattern is ephemeral on the time scale for the trough's formation. Narrow spreading zones are typical where sustained spreading is compensated by basaltic intrusion to form the thin oceanic crust, but where such spreading occurs in thicker continental crust, broader zones of distributed extension (with smaller strain rates) may be required for heat balance. The Salton Trough model suggests that distributed extension can be associated with substantial magmatic additions to the crust; their effect on crustal buoyancy has important implications for the relation between crustal extension and subsidence.
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  • 41
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    The distribution of bomb radiocarbon in the ocean (1985)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 90 (C4). pp. 6953-6970.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Water column inventories are calculated for bomb radiocarbon at all the stations occupied during the GEOSECS and NORPAX expeditions and for the available TTO stations. The pattern of global inventories obtained in this way suggests that a sizable portion of the bomb radiocarbon that entered the Antarctic, the northern Pacific, and the tropical ocean has been transported to the adjacent temperate zones. A strategy for utilizing these inventory anomalies as constraints on global ocean circulation models is presented. Essential to this strategy are the improvement of our knowledge of the pattern of wind speed over the ocean, the establishment of the wind speed dependence of the rate of gas exchange between the atmosphere and sea, and the continued mapping of the distribution of bomb-produced radiocarbon in the sea.
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  • 42
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    Ventilation of the deep northeastern Atlantic (1985)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 90 (C4). pp. 6940-6944.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: Comparison of the 1973 GEOSECS expedition results from the deep eastern basin of the North Atlantic with those for 1981 TTO expedition reveal no firm evidence for change in NO3, PO4, or a H4SiO4. concentration. While a 2–3 μmol/kg difference is seen for O2, it is more likely experimental than temporal in origin. The combined TTO-GEOSECS data sets reveal no evidence for ventilation of the bottom waters of the eastern basin by waters from the north.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 43
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    Plate Reconstruction from Paleozoic Paleomagnetism (1984)
    AGU
    In:  Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 12, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-444-50309-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Geomagnetics ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 44
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    Induced earthquakes associated with large reservoirs in China (1983)
    AGU
    In:  Chinese Geophysics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 383-403, pp. L24604, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Induced seismicity ; JAPAN
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  • 45
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    Kinematics of the South American subduction zone from global plate reconstructions (1983)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Geodynamics of the Eastern Pacific Region, Caribbean and Scotia Arcs, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 113-125, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Subduction zone ; Review article ; Cabre
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  • 46
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    Possible precursors of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (1982)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 157-172, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; China
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  • 47
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    Cooperative earthquake research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the State Seismological Bureau of the People's Republic of China (1982)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 109-138, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 48
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    Velocity changes in the Charlevoix region, Quebec (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 367-376, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: Vp/Vs anomalies ; Dual Induction Latero logAT
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  • 49
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    Seismicity in western Japan and long-term earthquake forecasting (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 43-51, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 50
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    Earthquake Prediction (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Seismicity ; Seismology
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  • 51
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    An asperity model of large earthquake sequences (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 579-592, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake asperities ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Fault zone
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  • 52
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    A review of geological evidence for recurrence times of large earthquakes (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 181-207, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain
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  • 53
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    A preliminary analysis of reported changes in groundwater and anomalous animal behavior before the 4 February 1975 Haicheng earthquake (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 543-565, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...) ; China ; Earthquake precursor: others (animal behav., wobble, tides) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 54
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    Seismicity pattern in the South Iceland Seismic Zone (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 141-151, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Stefansson
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  • 55
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    Changes in the seismicity and focal mechanism of small earthquakes prior to an Ms-2dsus0 6.7 earthquake in the central Aleutian island arc (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 348-356, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: stresses ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source
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  • 56
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    Height dependent errors in southern California leveling (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. XVI:, pp. 457-472, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Geodesy
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  • 57
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    The nature of seismicity patterns before large earthquakes (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-19, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 58
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    Seismic potential for the world's major plate boundaries: 1981 (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. Subvol. a, pp. 20-28, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; FROTH ; (book)
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  • 59
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    Neotectonic deformation, near surface movements and systematic errors in U.S. releveling measurements: Implications for earthquake prediction (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 422-440, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Geodesy ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain
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  • 60
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    Active faults, paleoseismology, and earthquake hazards in the western United States (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 209-216, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain
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  • 61
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    Role of elevation-dependent errors on the accuracy of geodetic leveling in the southern California uplift (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 441-456, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Geodesy
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  • 62
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    Repeat times of great earthquakes along simple plate boundaries (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D. C., AGU, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 217-247, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Recurrence of earthquakes ; Fault zone ; Earthquake
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  • 63
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    Seismicity patterns in China (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 117-125, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 64
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    Crustal deformation studies and earthquake prediction research (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Earthquake Prediction, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 394-410, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 65
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    The state of stress in the plates (1980)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Dynamics of Plate Interiors, Roma, AGU, vol. 1, no. 231, pp. 145-153, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Review article ; Stress
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 66
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    Epeirogeny and plate tectonics (1980)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Plate Tectonics. Selected Papers from Publications of the AGU, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 444-455, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 67
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    Helium-3 in the Guaymas Basin: Evidence for injection of mantle volatiles in the Gulf of California (1979)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84 (B13). pp. 7446-7452.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Helium isotope measurements in six major basins in the Gulf of California show that the deep Guaymas Basin has 3He/4He 65–70% higher than atmospheric helium, clear evidence of mantle helium injection. Smaller 3He excesses observed in the Carmen and Farallon basins may be derived from this Guaymas Basin anomaly. The 3He concentrations in the Mazatlan Basin in the mouth of the Gulf of California are similar to average eastern Pacific values, indicating that the Gulf does not provide a significant flux of 3He into the general Pacific circulation. On the basis of temperature and salinity measurements an upper limit of 0.28°C can be placed on the amount of geothermal heating observed in any of the basins. The isotopic ratio of the injected Guaymas Basin helium is found to be 3He/4He = (1.10±0.06) × 10−5, almost identical to the helium signature observed at the Galapagos Rift but somewhat lower than the average ratio in oceanic basalt glasses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 68
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    Heat flow at the spreading centers of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (1979)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84 (B12). pp. 6757-6769.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Fifty-four new heat flow measurements in the central troughs of the Guaymas basin support the hypothesis that they are sites of active intrusion. In the northern trough a distinct pattern of hydrothermal cooling is revealed, with venting along the western boundary fault of the trough. In the southern trough an analogous pattern is apparently superimposed upon a conductive cooling anomaly associated with a recent central intrusion. The discharge of thermal waters occurs along the boundary faults and through other faults associated with a possible horst block located in the north central floor of the southern trough. The heat flow patterns suggest that the intrusions are episodic and do not occur simultaneously along the length (15–40 km) of a spreading segment. A review of all available heat flow measurements for the Guaymas basin suggests that most of the recharge for a pervasive regional hydrothermal system is limited to the central depressions, with perhaps some contribution from pore water. The discharge of thermal waters occurs predominantly in the central depressions and possibly along the boundary transform faults and fracture zones. The regions of the basin more than a few kilometers in distance from the spreading axis, although presumably underlain by a hydrothermal system, are probably not the location of numerous vents or recharge zones.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 69
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    Paleoceanographic events - recognition, resolution, and reconsideration (1979)
    AGU
    In:  Reviews of Geophysics, 17 (7). pp. 1474-1494.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Studies of the last 125 million years of oceanographic and climatic history have benefited greatly from the impetus provided by the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Knowledge of the sedimentary and paleontologic record of the major ocean basins, in conjunction with study of pelagic marine sections exposed on land, has permitted both the testing of old and the development of new hypotheses to explain local and global ocean chemical, sedimentologic and biotic events. Some of the more striking and topical problems in paleoceanography are the oceanic “anoxic events” of early to middle Cretaceous age, the biotic crisis at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, the Eocene/Oligocene extinctions and climatic and circulation events, the Messinian “salinity crisis” (late Miocene) and its effects on the world ocean, and Pleistocene glacial cycles and paleoceanography. Possible explanations of these events, which have been proposed over the last five years, are reviewed in this paper.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 70
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    Some characteristics of seismic activity in China (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Chinese Geophysics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 231-244, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 71
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    Precursory phenomena and prediction of recent large earthquakes in China (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 179-199, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JAPAN
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 72
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    On the present tectonic stress field and present tectonic characteristics of southwestern China (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 79-96, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Tectonics ; Stress ; Geol. aspects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 73
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    Certain characteristics of the Haicheng earthquake (M=7.3) sequence (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 289-308, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 74
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    Source parameters for small earthquakes and the Q of the medium before and after the Haicheng earthquake (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 125-137, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Source parameters ; Attenuation ; Fore-shocks ; Aftershocks ; China ; Quality factor
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 75
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    Earthquake prediction and geochemical studies in China (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Chinese Geophysics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 21, pp. 443-457, pp. B01308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 76
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    On the Chinese prediction of earthquakes (1978)
    AGU
    In:  Chinese Geophysics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 393-424, pp. B05402, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 77
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    Geometry of Benioff zones: Lateral segmentation and downwards bending of the subducted lithosphere (1977)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches and Back Arc Basins, Englewood Cliffs, AGU, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 99-114, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; Seismology ; Inhomogeneity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 78
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    Seismic and aseismic slip along subduction zones and their tectonic implications (1977)
    AGU
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches and Back Arc Basins, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 163-174, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Creep observations and analysis
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 79
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    A model for earthquake swarms (1977)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research, 82 (8). pp. 1347-1352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: A model for earthquake swarms in volcanic regions consists of the following concepts: (1) clusters of magma‐filled dikes exist within brittle volumes of the crust, (2) dikes within a cluster are systematically oriented with their long dimension in the direction of the regional greatest principal stress, and (3) a sequence of shear failures (an earthquake swarm) occurs along a system of conjugate fault planes joining en echelon offset dike tips at oblique angles. This model accounts for commonly observed geometric relations between surface faulting patterns, the hypocentral distribution of swarm earthquakes, and fault plane solutions in a variety of situations. Swarm areas dominated by strike‐slip faulting, however, provide the most compelling examples of the utility of the model. Specific examples considered here include a swarm on the east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, and swarms in the Imperial Valley, California, and the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, which represent transitional zones between spreading centers and transform faults.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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