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  • 1
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    Unknown
    AGU
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Chin. Geophys., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 289-308, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; China
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 2162-2166 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monochromatic synchrotron radiation was used to excite selectively core electrons of the carbon and fluorine atoms in carbon tetrafluoride and silicon and fluorine in silicon tetrafluoride. The fragmentation processes were examined using time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The mass spectra show the distribution of ions collected in coincidence with low and high energy electrons. Distinct changes in the mass spectra with atomic site of excitation and photon energy are observed. The observation of F2+ ions following fluorine 1s excitation in SiF4 provides significant evidence for a "valence bond depopulation'' mechanism involving the formation of a localized, two-hole final state that persists on the time scale of fragmentation. In contrast, no F2+ was observed for CF4, which indicates that fragmentation for this molecule is more characteristic of a delocalized two-hole state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2169-2175 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron energy spectra characterizing the relaxation of molecular oxygen from different core hole excited states are reported. By using monochromatic synchrotron radiation, spectra are obtained with excitation at the π* and σ* resonances and at various energies above the ionization threshold. The spectra obtained with excitation above threshold are very similar and result from Auger decay. The spectra obtained at the σ* resonance result from spectator autoionization, and those for the π* resonance result from both spectator and participator autoionization. The σ* resonance is broadened by spectral congestion, and the autoionization spectra indicate the presence of three components. Configurations and states produced by the electronic decay are identified, and a correlation between spectator screening and term values is documented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6341-6341 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Permanent magnetic materials based on iron, cobalt, and rare earths have been extensively studied during the past years. It is very interesting to study the physical properties of film type permanent magnet materials. In this investigation, we report the optical and magnetic properties of SmCo, SmFe, Sm, Co, and Fe films as well as the comparison of the electrical resistivity and magnetization behaviors between these films. The optical transmittance and reflectance have been measured as functions of the wavelength and the thickness for all the films with thickness less than 2000 A(ring). The electrical resistivity and magnetization have been measured below room temperature. The slope of electrical resistivity is decreased with decreasing the thickness of the films. The films are transparent with thickness less than 800 A(ring) for magnetic films. For films with thickness at 200 A(ring), the values of the transmittance are 50, 48, 38, 18, and 14 for Sm, SmCo, SmFe, Co, and Fe, respectively. This is explained due to the difference of the magnetic permeability of all the films. The oscillatory behaviors of reflection for all the films are qualitatively consistent with that of the theoretical predict for an absorbing surface. Up to now, the best magnetic properties for magnetic films at room temperature are with an intrinsic coercivity of 1450 Oe and an energy product of 4.5 MGOe. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial Co/Cr multilayers, and single-crystal Co thin films etc. have been grown on MgO and Al2O3 substrates with Cr and Mo as buffer layers by molecular beam epitaxy technique. From the structure and magnetoresistance studies, we have found that the ferromagnetic anisotropy of resistance (AMR) is strongly influenced by the buffer layer, but with negligible effect due to the variation of the structure of Co films. The AMR of Co film on Cr buffer layer is quite small (0.1%); however, the MR of Co/Cr multilayers is almost one order larger than the AMR of Co film on Cr buffer layer. An enhancement factor of 4 for the MR in Co/Cr multilayers by the interface roughness has been observed. This suggests that the effect due to the spin dependent scattering at the interfacial regions of the superlattice is larger than that due to the spin dependent scattering in the ferromagnetic layers for the MR in the Co/Cr multilayer system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6285-6285 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Permalloy has been widely studied and used in industry for magnetic recording heads and sensors. This article presents a study of the magnetoresistance of (NiFe/Au)n multilayer films and NiFe/Au/NiFe sandwich structures. Gold is used as the spacer layer because of its low solid solubility in NiFe and the tendency of NiFe and Au to phase separate. Films were grown by dc sputtering with a series of different permalloy and Au thickness. In the multilayer films, the thickness of permalloy varies from 20 to 40 A(ring) and Au varies from 8 to 25 A(ring). A difference in the sign and magnitude of magnetoresistance for transverse and longitudinal field directions with respect to current indicates the presence of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect. The magnitude of Δρ/ρ is small because of shunting by Au layers. In the sandwich structures, the thickness of permalloy layers is different on each side of the Au and varies from 150 to 800 A(ring). The Au spacer layer varies from 20 to 60 A(ring). The measurements show mainly anisotropic magnetoresistance. There was a small opposite jump at ∼8 Oe on resistivity measurement, which indicates spin valve effect superimposed on the AMR effect. After annealing, the change in magnetoresistance is much more sensitive in low field ∼15 Oe, a property which is critical to many applications. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5881-5883 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of magnetic Nd15Fe77B8 and nonmagnetic Nd5Fe62B33 films have been investigated. It has been found that within the visible (wavelengths 4400–6400 A(ring)) the films are transparent with thickness less than 800 A(ring) for magnetic films and 1500 A(ring) for nonmagnetic films. This is due to the difference of the magnetic permeability μ between films. The oscillatory behavior with thickness of the films is observed in the film samples. The anomalous behaviors near the Curie temperature for both bulk- and film-type samples are similar to that of the type-III ferromagnets. The temperature at which the electrical resistance of the film-type samples increases abruptly varies from 620 K for 1000 A(ring) to 650 K for 2000 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5959-5961 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical transmission of an iron nanoparticle ferrofluid has been investigated as a function of incident optical wavelengths between 450 and 700 nm and applied magnetic fields up to 200 Oe. The transmittance decreases as the thickness and concentration of the Fe ferrofluid films increase. This effect is more manifest with shorter incident wavelength. The decrease of transmittance for sample prepared by electrochemical method is much more rapidly than that of samples prepared by laser ablation technique. However, the magnetic field effect for these samples is vise versa. The aspect ratio of the Fe nanoparticles we prepared is roughly between 1 and 2. The decrease of the transmittance between 575 and 450 nm is explained by a classical electrostatic calculation based on the Mie/Drude formalism. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6932-6934 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The macro-size magnetic colloidal particles in both distilled water and oleic acid were prepared by using Fe3O4 ferrofluids (SMG018), the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and distilled water or oleic acid. The optical transmission of these ferrofluid emulsions has been investigated as functions of concentration of SDS between 0.64 and 3.73 wt %, incident optical wavelengths between 450 and 750 nm, and applied magnetic fields up to 141 Oe. The optical transmission shows maximum with concentration of SDS near 3.13 and 1.90 wt % for samples in distilled water and oleic acid, respectively. In general, under an applied magnetic field, the size of the magnetic colloidal particles for samples in oleic acid is smaller than that of samples in distilled water; however, the concentration of the magnetic colloidal particles is the opposite. This can be explained due to the different aggregation ability of the magnetic colloidal particles in both distilled water and oleic acid. The optical transmission of the samples is observed to be reversed proportional to the area covered by the magnetic colloidal particles. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 107 (1986), S. 131-148 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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