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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-12-09
    Description: Water samples were taken during North Sea to Fram Strait expedition PS99.1 with RV Polarstern from 14 to 23 Jun 2016. Water samples were collected from CTD Niskin bottles at five to six different depths from the upper 100 m. The same water samples were measured as in Liu et al. (2021). Water samples for CDOM absorption analysis were filtered through 0.2 µm filters and analysed onboard with a 2.5-m path length liquid waveguide capillary cell system (LWCC, WPI) following Levering et al. (2017). Details on method adaptation to our instrumentation set-up are provided in Alvarez et al. (2022). Salinity data were taken using SeaBird 911-plus CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) mounted on the SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler (Rosette) equipped with 24 Niskin Bottles (12-L capacity). CTD data were also quality checked using salinity measured from water samples and analysed in laboratory with Autosal Salinometer Guildine 8400B. Extrapolated data were used from CTD downcasts based on data at depths were also water samples were taken.
    Keywords: absorption; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 350 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 352 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 354 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 356 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 358 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 360 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 362 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 364 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 366 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 368 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 370 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 372 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 374 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 376 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 378 nm; 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Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 410 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 412 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 414 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 416 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 418 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 420 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 422 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 424 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 426 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 428 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 430 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 432 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 434 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 436 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 438 nm; 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Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 500 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 502 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 504 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 506 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 508 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 510 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 512 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 514 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 516 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 518 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 520 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 522 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 524 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 526 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 528 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 530 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 532 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 534 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 536 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 538 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 540 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 542 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 544 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 546 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 548 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 550 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 552 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 554 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 556 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 558 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 560 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 562 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 564 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 566 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 568 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 570 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 572 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 574 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 576 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 578 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 580 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 582 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5952 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-07-28
    Description: Copepod communities were studied along an east-west transect in the oligotrophic Southern Adriatic Sea. This dynamic region is under the influence of various physical forces, including winter vertical convection, lateral exchanges between coastal and open sea waters, and ingression of water masses of different properties all of which occurred during the investigation periods. Depth-stratified samples were taken with a Nansen net (250 µm mesh size) in pre- and post-winter conditions in 2015/2016. In December, the coastal copepod community was limited over the western flank, while epipelagic waters of the open and eastern waters were characterized by high diversity, low abundances in the central area, and subsurface/upper mesopelagic copepod species. In April, higher abundances were recorded over the entire vertical profile with the surface coastal copepod community present through the entire transect. Higher abundances in the central area during the post-winter period are probably a consequence of late-winter/early spring blooms near the center of the Southern Adriatic. Mesopelagic fauna of both months was characterized by high abundances of Haloptilus longicornis, characteristic species of the eastern Mediterranean, whose larger presence was favored by the cyclonic phase of the North Ionian Gyre and a consequent strong Levantine Intermediate Water ingression.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-1312
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: Water mass generation and mixing in the eastern Fram Strait are strongly influenced by the interaction between Atlantic and Arctic waters and by the local atmospheric forcing, which produce dense water that substantially contributes to maintaining the global thermohaline circulation. The West Spitsbergen margin is an ideal area to study such processes. Hence, in order to investigate the deep flow variability on short-term, seasonal, and multiannual timescales, two moorings were deployed at ~1040 m depth on the southwest Spitsbergen continental slope. We present and discuss time series data collected between June 2014 and June 2016. They reveal thermohaline and current fluctuations that were largest from October to April, when the deep layer, typically occupied by Norwegian Sea Deep Water, was perturbed by sporadic intrusions of warmer, saltier, and less dense water. Surprisingly, the observed anomalies occurred quasi-simultaneously at both sites, despite their distance (~170 km). We argue that these anomalies may arise mainly by the effect of topographically trapped waves excited and modulated by atmospheric forcing. Propagation of internal waves causes a change in the vertical distribution of the Atlantic water, which can reach deep layers. During such events, strong currents typically precede thermohaline variations without significant changes in turbidity. However, turbidity increases during April–June in concomitance with enhanced downslope currents. Since prolonged injections of warm water within the deep layer could lead to a progressive reduction of the density of the abyssal water moving toward the Arctic Ocean, understanding the interplay between shelf, slope, and deep waters along the west Spitsbergen margin could be crucial for making projections on future changes in the global thermohaline circulation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-10
    Description: Southern Adriatic (Eastern Mediterranean Sea) is a region strongly dominated by large-scale oceanographic processes and local open-ocean dense water formation. In this study, picoplankton biomass, distribution, and activity were examined during two oceanographic cruises and analyzed in relation to environmental parameters and hydrographic conditions comparing pre and post-winter phases (December 2015, April 2016). Picoplankton density with the domination of autotrophic biomasses was higher in the pre-winter phase when significant amounts of picoaoutotrophs were also found in the meso-and bathy-pelagic layers, while Synechococcus dominated the picoautotrophic group. Higher values of bacterial production and domination of High Nucleic Acid content bacteria (HNA bacteria) were found in deep waters, especially during the post-winter phase, suggesting that bacteria can have an active role in the deep-sea environment. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria accounted for a small proportion of total heterotrophic bacteria but contributed up to 4% of bacterial carbon content. Changes in the picoplankton community were mainly driven by nutrient availability, heterotrophic nanoflagellates abundance, and water mass movements and mixing. Our results suggest that autotrophic and heterotrophic members of the picoplankton community are an important carbon source in the food web in the deep-sea, as well as in the epipelagic layer. Besides, viral lysis may affect the activity of the picoplankton community and enrich the water column with dissolved organic carbon.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-11-07
    Description: The Southern Adriatic Sea is a dynamic region under the influence of diverse physical forces that modify sea water properties as well as plankton dynamics, abundance, and distribution in an intricate way. The most pronounced being: winter vertical convection, lateral exchanges between coastal and open sea waters, and the ingression of water masses of different properties into the Adriatic. We investigated the distribution and abundance of tintinnid species in this dynamic environment in pre- and post-winter conditions in 2015/2016. A strong ingression of the saline Levantine Intermediate Water, supported by the cyclonic mode of the North Ionian Gyre in 2015 and 2016, in December was associated with a high diversity of oceanic species. An unusual spatial distribution of neritic-estuarine species Codonellopsis schabi was observed in deeper layers along the analyzed transect, which emphasizes the strong influence of physical processes on deep water biology in the South Adriatic. A shift of population toward greater depths (mesopelagic) and modification of deep sea community structure was recorded in April as a consequence of the winter convection-driven sinking of tintinnids. Our findings indicate that tintinnid abundance and composition is heavily influenced by physical conditions and they are good indicators of the impact of physical forces, including climate changes, on marine environment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: The great spatial and temporal variability, which characterizes the marine environment, requires a huge effort to be observed and studied properly since changes in circulation and mixing processes directly influence the variability of the physical and biogeochemical properties. A multi-platform approach and a collaborative effort, in addition to optimizing both data collection and quality, is needed to bring the scientific community to more efficient monitoring and predicting of the world ocean processes. This Special Issue consists of nine original scientific articles that address oceanic circulation and water mass exchange. Most of them deal with mean circulation, basin and sub-basin-scale flows, mesoscale eddies, and internal processes (e.g., mixing and internal waves) that contribute to the redistribution of oceanic properties and energy within the ocean. One paper deals with numerical modelling application finalized to evaluate the capacity of coastal vegetated areas to mitigate the impact of a tsunami. The study areas in which these topics are developed include both oceanic areas and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Fram Strait, the South China Sea, and the Northwest Pacific. Scientific findings presented in this Special Issue highlight how a combination of various modern observation techniques can improve our understanding of the complex physical and biogeochemical processes in the ocean.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 10
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