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  • Springer  (808,560)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (61,555)
  • De Gruyter
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2020-2024  (5,116)
  • 2010-2014  (562,132)
  • 1970-1974  (183,822)
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  • 1935-1939  (31,719)
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  • 1
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    Integrated Access to Multidisciplinary Data Through Semantically Interoperable Services in a Metadata-Driven Platform for Solid Earth Science (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The ability to use data produced by different sources (social networks, governments, weather sensors etc.) is widely recognized as a key to capitalize the value of data. In the scientific field, such usage may incredibly boost the innovation and foster new discoveries. However, one of the main hurdles is currently represented by the difficulties in achieving the required interoperability to provide integrated access to multi-disciplinary data. The current work presents a metadata-driven approach that uses in a combined way metadata, semantics, and services as key components for providing integrated access to heterogeneous data sources. The integration occurs within a central data integration system, which is driven by a rich metadata catalogue and that can present the data provided by the different data sources in a harmonised way to the end user, by means of RESTful APIs. A real application demonstrating metadata-driven semantic and service interoperability for achieving homogeneous access to multi-disciplinary heterogeneous data sources is illustrated in the case of EPOS, a Research Infrastructure for Solid Earth Science. The advantages in terms of ease of maintenance, of flexibility in plugging different standard without perturbating communities’ long-lasting technical practices, and of ability to track provenance are discussed. Future work for providing open-source implementation of a system built following the proposed approach is also envisaged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235–247
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    SHAPEness: A SHACL-Driven Metadata Editor (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been recently introduced as a W3C recommendation to define constraints for validating RDF graphs. In this paper a novel SHACL-driven multi-view editor is presented: SHAPEness. It empowers users by offering them a rich interface for assessing and improving the quality of metadata represented as RDF graphs. SHAPEness has been developed and tested in the framework of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). In this context, the SHAPEness features have proven to be a valuable solution to easily create and maintain valid graphs according to the EPOS data model. The SHACL-driven approach underpinning SHAPEness, makes this tool suitable for a broad range of domains, or use cases, which structure their knowledge by means of SHACL constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 274–288
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    When the lava meets the sea: emplacement of the 2–4 ka San Bartolo lava flow field, Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: When a lava flow enters a body of water, either a lake, sea, river or ocean, explosive interaction may arise. However, when it is an 'a'ā lava flow entering water, a more complex interaction occurs, that is very poorly described and documented in literature. In this paper, we analysed the 2–4 ka San Bartolo lava flow field emplaced on the north flank of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The lava flow field extends from ~ 650 m a.s.l. where the eruptive fissure is located, with two lava channels being apparent on the steep down to the coast. Along the coast the lava flow field expands to form a lava delta ~ 1 km wide characterised by 16 lava ‘Flow’ units. We performed a field survey to characterise the features of lava entering the sea and the associated formation of different components and magnetic measurements to infer the flow fabrics and emplacement process of the lava flow system. We measured the density, porosity and connectivity of several specimens to analyse the effect of lava-water interaction on the content in vesicles and their connectivity and conducted a macroscopic componentry analysis (clast count) at selected sites to infer the character of the eroded offshore segment of the lava flow field and its component flow units. The collected data allowed us to define the main components of a lava delta fed by 'a'ā lava flows, with its channels, littoral units, ramps, lava tubes, and inflated pāhoehoe flows controlled by the arterial 'a'ā flow fronts. The spatial organisation of these components allowed us to build a three-step descriptive model for 'a'ā entering a water. The initial stage corresponds to the entry of channel-fed 'a'ā lava flow into the sea which fragments to form metric blocks of 'a'ā lava. Continued lava supply to the foreshore causes flow units to stall while spreading over this substrate. Subsequent 'a'ā lava flow units ramp up behind the stalled flow front barrier. Lava tubes extending through the stalled flow barrier feed the seaward extension of a bench made of several pāhoehoe flow units.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This project is a part of RS PhD project. This research was funded by MIUR ex-60% attributed to EZ and PhD grants-Budget 10% attributed to RS. Also, it was partially funded by the Project FIRST (ForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: Timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration), INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020). This is contribution no. 637 of the ClerVolc program of the International Research Center for Disaster Sciences and Sustainable Development of the University of Clermont Auvergne.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; flank eruptions ; Lava flows
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Water resources management for a sustainable nexus of hydrogeoethics and societal well-being (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Groundwater is a vital resource for humans, non-human species, and ecosystems. It has allowed the development of human evolution and civilizations throughout history (e.g., Wittfogel 1956, Tempelhoff et al. 2009, Cuthbert and Ashley 2014, Roberts 2014). However, it faces multiple potential threats that make it vulnerable and fragile. Climate change and human activities are the primary causes that have led to water cycle disruptions, particularly a decline in groundwater quality and quantity (e.g., Gleeson et al. 2020, Chaminé et al. 2022, Richardson et al. 2023). Climate variability has induced droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions, significantly impacting groundwater in many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as over-abstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technical-scientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: groundwater ; resource management ; sustainability ; hydrogeoethics ; geoethics ; societal well-being ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Phase Field Modeling of Cracks in Ice (2024)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, 24 p., pp. 281-304, ISBN: 9783031455537
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Calving of iceberg at ice shelves and floating glacier tongues is a poorly understood process, hence a physically motivated calving law is not yet existing. The demands on developing appropriate models for calving is large, as calving rates are needed for large scale ice sheet models that simulate the evolution of ice sheets. Here, we present a new approach for simulating fracture in ice. Our model is based on a finite strain theory for a viscoelastic Maxwell material, as the large simulation time leads to high strains. The fracturing process is simulated using a fracture phase field model that takes into account the elastic strain energy. We conduct simulations for a typical calving front geometry, with ice rises governing the formation of cracks. To represent the stress state adequately, we first conduct a spin-up to allow the viscous contribution to develop before the fracture phase field is computed. The analysis comprises the assessment of the crack path in comparison to observations, the influence of the spin-up, as well as elastic versus viscous strain contributions based on Hencky strain. Additionally, an estimate of released energy based on high resolution optical imagery of a Greenlandic calving front is presented.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Qβ, Qc, Qi, Qs of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: We have provided the first estimate of scat- tering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Prom- ontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with M L ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrin- sic Q i and scattering Q s quality factors with the Wen- nerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors ( Q 𝛽 , Q c ) in the same volume of crust. Q 𝛽 parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki 1980) and Q c factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from T start = 1.5T S up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time T L ). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The Q c values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated Q i are comparable to the Q c at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The Q s parameter shows higher values than Q i , except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a pre- dominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between Q i and Q c allows us to interpret the high Q c anomaly previ- ously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earth- quake foci fall in high Q i areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 827-846
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation · Coda normalization method · Intrinsic quality factor · Scattering quality factor · Southern Italy · Gargano Promontory · OTRIONS seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Advances in our understanding of pyroclastic current behavior from the 1980 eruption sequence of Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington), USA (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: This review summarizes what the volcanology community has learned thus far from studying the deposits of pyroclastic currents (PCs) from the 1980 eruption sequence at Mount St. Helens. The review includes mass flow events during the May 18 eruption, including the lateral blast, the afternoon column collapse and boil-over PC activity, and some aspects of the debris avalanche. We also include a summary of PCs generated in the smaller eruptions following the climactic May 18 event. Our objective is to summarize the state of our understanding of PC transport and emplacement mechanisms from the combination of field and laboratory observations, granular flow experiments, and numerical modeling techniques. Specifically, we couple deposit characteristics, experiments, and numerical modeling techniques to critically address the problems of (1) constraining conditions in the flow boundary zone at the time of deposition; (2) the influence of substrate roughness and topography on PC behavior; (3) the prevalence, causes, and consequences of substrate erosion by PCs; and (4) the reconstruction of PC transportation and sedimentation processes from a combination of geophysical and sedimentological observations. We conclude by providing opportunities for future research as our field, experimental, and numerical research techniques advance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 24
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: numerical modeling, mount St. Helens, physical volcanology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Flow front mobility of rock avalanches as a function of flow volume, grain size, channel width, basal friction and flow scale (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 933–947
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Distribution of the invasive alien species Cotula coronopifolia L. (Asteraceae) relating to water halinity and sodicity in the Variconi wetland (Campania, southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Invasive alien species represent one of the main environmental threats to native biodiversity and can also strongly alter the biogeochemical cycles within an ecosystem. This study aims to define the distribution of the invasive alien species Cotula cor-onopifolia L. within the protected wetland "Variconi" (Campania region, southern Italy) and evaluate the potential role of water geochemical features as interpretation tools for pattern distribution. The presence of C. coronopifolia was assessed in the field, and a distribution map was drawn; concomitantly thirty-nine water samples were collected from groundwater and surface water bodies for chemical analyses. The results showed that C. coronopifolia preferentially colonized the sector of the wetland characterized by high halinity, while it is totally absent in retrodunal and sandy coastal area with very high halinity. The cartography presented can be used as a tool to help target future management interventions. Through our multidisciplinary approach, new evidence has been provided on the ecology of this invasive alien plant that occupies several wetlands worldwide. The replicability of this method may be useful to assess the level of invasion of an alien species but also to predict its evolution as a function of environmental parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1653–1668
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The temperatures recorded from January 2020 to February 2023 in the 3 Diffuse Degassing Zone of the active cone of La Fossa Caldera (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Active volcanoes show many mild thermal anomalies, because the ground surface is sensible to changes in the advective processes, occurring through the network of fissures. This data report shows the temperatures, recorded from January 2020 to February 2023, by a remote-controlled monitoring station. The VCS station is located on the summit of La Fossa cone (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands), in a zone of intense diffuse degassing. The temperature data, hourly registered at VCS, are available in the supplementary Excel file. The thermal data are part of the comprehensive network, performed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, for volcanic surveillance. On the Island of Vulcano, the active volcanic system under la Fossa caldera has been affected by multiple exhaling crises, interpreted as unrest of volcanic activity. The temperature time series provided reference data showing the thermal transition of the volcanic ground surface from a background degassing condition, through unrest, to the new thermal condition that followed the unrest period.
    Description: OvFu 0304.010 - Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri—Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 40
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: heat flux ; time series ; Unrest ; Vulcano ; diffuse degassing ; thermal monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Narratives (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: Earth System Literacy offers a rich matrix of narratives about (planet) Earth, World and Humans when interwoven with cultural artefacts (e.g. arts, history). Anthropogenic global change locks them together in a unifying framework. By making a distinction between reproduction, work (ergon, Greek) and civicness, there are narratives that convey what characterises the human condition today, including the material, social and historic settings of the Anthropocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: 445–449
    Keywords: Anthropocene ; Earth System Literacy ; Narratives ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 12
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    Octopus crawling on land: physiological and biochemical responses of Octopus vulgaris to emersion (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Cephalopods are well known for their cognitive capabilities and unique behavioural repertoires. Yet, certain life strategies and behaviours are still not fully understood. For instance, coastal octopuses have been documented (mainly through citizen science and TV documentaries) to occasionally leave the water and crawl in intertidal areas. Yet, there is a complete lack of knowledge on this behaviour's physiological and biochemical basis. Within this context, this study aimed to investigate, for the first time, physiological (routine and maximum metabolic rates and aerobic scope) and biochemical (i.e., antioxidant enzymes activities, heat shock protein and ubiquitin levels, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation) responses of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, to emersion. The octopuses’ physiological performance was determined by measuring metabolic rates in different emersion treatments and biochemical markers. The size-adjusted maximum metabolic rates (MMRadj) of octopuses exposed to 2:30 min of air exposure followed by re-immersion did not differ significantly from the MMRadj of the chased individuals (control group). Yet, most biochemical markers revealed no significant differences among the different emersion treatments. Our findings showed that O. vulgaris could tolerate exposure to short-term emersion periods due to an efficient antioxidant machinery and cellular repair mechanisms. Alongside, we argue that the use of atmospheric air through the mucus-covered gills and/or cutaneous respiration may also help octopus withstand emersion and crawling on land.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    Synthesis and outlook on future research and scientific education in southern Africa (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    Unique southern African terrestrial and oceanic biomes and their relation to steep environmental gradients (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The southern African subcontinent and its surrounding oceans accommodate globally unique ecoregions, characterized by exceptional biodiversity and endemism. This diversity is shaped by extended and steep physical gradients or environmental discontinuities found in both ocean and terrestrial biomes. The region’s biodiversity has historically been the basis of life for indigenous cultures and continues to support countless economic activities, many of them unsustainable, ranging from natural resource exploitation, an extensive fisheries industry and various forms of land use to nature-based tourism. Being at the continent’s southern tip, terrestrial species have limited opportunities for adaptive range shifts under climate change, while warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Marine climate change effects are complex, as warming may strengthen thermal stratification, while shifts in regional wind regimes influence ocean currents and the intensity of nutrient-enriching upwelling. The flora and fauna of marine and terrestrial southern African biomes are of vital importance for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. They thus deserve special attention in further research on the impacts of anthropogenic pressures including climate change. Excellent preconditions exist in the form of long-term data sets of high quality to support scientific advice for future sustainable management of these vulnerable biomes.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Molecular fossils in reefal carbonates and sponges of the deep fore reef of Mayotte and Mohéli, Comoro Islands, western Indian Ocean (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Microbial carbonates are common components of Quaternary tropical coral reefs. Previous studies revealed that sulfate-reducing bacteria trigger microbial carbonate precipitation in supposedly cryptic reef environments. Here, using petrography, lipid biomarker analysis, and stable isotope data, we aim to understand the formation mechanism of microbial carbonate enclosed in deep fore reef limestones from Mayotte and Mohéli, Comoro Islands, which differ from other reefal microbial carbonates in that they contain less microbial carbonate and are dominated by numerous sponges. To discern sponge-derived lipids from lipids enclosed in microbial carbonate, lipid biomarker inventories of diverse sponges from the Mayotte and Mohéli reef systems were examined. Abundant peloidal, laminated, and clotted textures point to a microbial origin of the authigenic carbonates, which is supported by ample amounts of mono- O -alkyl glycerol monoethers (MAGEs) and terminally branched fatty acids; both groups of compounds are attributed to sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sponges revealed a greater variety of alkyl chains in MAGEs, including new, previously unknown, mid-chain monomethyl- and dimethyl-branched MAGEs, suggesting a diverse community of sulfate reducers different from the sulfate-reducers favoring microbialite formation. Aside from biomarkers specific for sulfate-reducing bacteria, lipids attributed to demosponges (i.e., demospongic acids) are also present in some of the sponges and the reefal carbonates. Fatty acids attributed to demosponges show a higher diversity and a higher proportion in microbial carbonate compared to sponge tissue. Such pattern reflects significant taphonomic bias associated with the preservation of demospongic acids, with preservation apparently favored by carbonate authigenesis.
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  • 16
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    Discrepancies between non-native and invasive species classifications (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Biological invasions pose a growing threat to ecosystems, biodiversity, and socio-economic interests. In the European Union, the introduction of non-native species through trade, tourism, and other pathways has led to unintended consequences. Among these non-native species, a subset exhibits negative impacts and is commonly referred to as ‘invasive’. However, the number of non-native species and the proportion considered invasive vary across different member states of the European Union. Classifications and definitions of invasive species also differ among countries potentially leading to an underrepresentation. Here, we use Germany as a case study to highlight gaps in invasive species classifications. The number of non-native species reported as invasive in Germany remains low (~ 14%) compared to other European Union member states (~ 22%), despite Germany’s strong economy, significant research investments, and well-established trade networks. This disparities may be attributed to complex and multifaceted factors, encompassing differences in classifications, variations in research effort and focus, and diverse national priorities. We further propose that the impacts of non-native species on resources and biodiversity may be more likely to be overlooked, principally in large economies reliant on international trade, such as Germany. This oversight could negatively affect conservation efforts and funding for research aimed at improving understanding invasive species threats. We suggest that this underreporting may stem from a focus on maintaining economic growth, which might have taken precedence over addressing the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species.
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  • 17
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    Differential effects of microplastic exposure on leaf shredding rates of invasive and native amphipod crustaceans (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: There is growing concern surrounding the pervasive impacts of microplastic pollution, but despite increasing interest in this area there remains limited understanding of its disruption to biological communities and the ecosystem services they provide. One such service is the breakdown of leaf litter in freshwaters by invertebrate shredders, such as Gammarus spp., that directly and indirectly provides resources for many other species. This study investigates the effect of microplastic exposure on leaf consumption by two Gammarus species in Ireland, the native Gammarus duebeni celticus, and the invasive Gammarus pulex. Individuals were exposed to 40-48 mu m polyethylene particles for 24 h at a range of concentrations (20-200,000 MP/L), with the amount of leaf consumption in that time frame recorded. Microplastics did not affect the feeding rate of either species at environmentally relevant concentrations, indicating that ecosystem services currently provided by our study species are sustainable. However, at higher microplastic concentrations the feeding rate of G. d. celticus was significantly reduced, whereas G. pulex remained unaffected, drawing attention to species-specific and native-invader differences in microplastic impacts. The results of our study further contribute to the observed pattern that invasive species, including various amphipod species, often display a higher tolerance to environmental stressors compared to their native counterparts. This research highlights the need for mitigation of ongoing and increasing microplastic pollution that could differentially influence key ecosystem services and functions.
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  • 18
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    Warming, not acidification, favours survival of non-indigenous over native gammarid species (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Anthropogenic disturbances, including non-indigenous species (NIS) and climate change, have considerably affected ecosystems and socio-economies globally. Despite the widely acknowledged individual roles of NIS and global warming in biodiversity change, predicting the connection between the two still remains a fundamental challenge and requires urgent attention due to a timely importance for proper conservation management. To improve our understanding of the interaction between climate change and NIS on biological communities, we conducted laboratory experiments to test the temperature and pCO2 tolerance of four gammarid species: two native Baltic Sea species (Gammarus locusta and G. salinus), one Ponto‐Caspian NIS (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one North American NIS (Gammarus tigrinus). Our results demonstrated that an increase in pCO2 level was not a significant driver of mortality, neither by itself nor in combination with increased temperature, for any of the tested species. However, temperature was significant, and differentially affected the tested species. The most sensitive was the native G. locusta which experienced 100% mortality at 24 °C. The second native species, G. salinus, performed better than G. locusta, but was still significantly more sensitive to temperature increase than either of the NIS. In contrast, NIS performed better than native species with warming, whereby particularly the Ponto-Caspian P. maeoticus did not demonstrate any difference in its performance between the temperature treatments. With the predicted environmental changes in the Baltic Sea, we may expect shifts in distributions of native taxa towards colder areas, while their niches might be filled by NIS, particularly those from the Ponto-Caspian region. Although, northern colder areas may be constrained by lower salinity. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings across other NIS, habitats and regions to make more general inferences.
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    Long-term climate change impacts on regional sterodynamic sea level statistics analyzed from the MPI-ESM large ensemble simulation (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Statistics of regional sterodynamic sea level variability are analyzed in terms of probability density functions of a 100-member ensemble of monthly mean sea surface height (SSH) timeseries simulated with the low-resolution Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble. To analyze the impact of climate change on sea level statistics, fields of SSH variability, skewness and excess kurtosis representing the historical period 1986-2005 are compared with similar fields from projections for the period 2081-2100 under moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate forcing conditions. Larger deviations of the models SSH statistics from Gaussian are limited to the western and eastern tropical Pacific. Under future climate warming conditions, SSH variability of the western tropical Pacific appear more Gaussian in agreement with weaker zonal easterly wind stress pulses, suggesting a reduced El Nino Southern Oscillation activity in the western warm pool region. SSH variability changes show a complex amplitude pattern with some regions becoming less variable, e.g., off the eastern coast of the north American continent, while other regions become more variable, notably the Southern Ocean. A west (decrease)-east (increase) contrast in variability changes across the subtropical Atlantic under RCP8.5 forcing is related to changes in the gyre circulation and a declining Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to external forcing changes. In addition to global mean sea-level rise of 16 cm for RCP4.5 and 24 cm for RCP8.5, we diagnose regional changes in the tails of the probability density functions, suggesting a potential increased in variability-related extreme sea level events under global warmer conditions.
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    Vertical distribution of epibenthic megafauna of a large seamount west of Cape Verde islands (tropical North Atlantic) (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: Seamounts are thought to function as hotspots of megafauna diversity due to their topology and environmental characteristics. However, assessments of megafauna communities inhabiting seamounts, including diversity and density, are scarce. In this study, we provide megafauna diversity and density estimates for a recently discovered, not yet characterized seamount region (Boetius seamounts) west of Cape Verde (N17° 16′, W29° 26′). We investigated the distribution of epibenthic megafauna over a large depth gradient from the seamount’s summit at 1400 m down to 3200 m water depth and provided qualitative and quantitative analyses based on quantified video data. In utilizing an ocean floor observation system (OFOS), calibrated videos were taken as a horizontal transect from the north-eastern flank of the seamount, differentiating between an upper, coral-rich region (−1354/−2358 m) and a deeper, sponge-rich region (−2358/−3218 m). Taxa were morphologically distinguished, and their diversity and densities were estimated and related to substrate types. Both the upper and deeper seamount region hosted unique communities with significantly higher megafauna richness at the seamount’s summit. Megafauna densities differed significantly between the upper (0.297 ± 0.167 Ind./m 2 ) and deeper community (0.112 ± 0.114 Ind./m). The seamount showed a vertical zonation with dense aggregations of deep-sea corals dominating the seamount’s upper region and colonies of the glass sponges Poliopogon amadou dominating the deeper region. The results are discussed in light of detected substrate preferences and co-occurrence of species and are compared with findings from other Atlantic seamounts.
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    The Agulhas Current System as an important driver for oceanic and terrestrial climate (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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    Physical drivers of Southwest African coastal upwelling and its response to climate variability and change (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: The southeastern tropical Atlantic hosts a coastal upwelling system characterized by high biological productivity. Three subregions can be distinguished based on differences in the physical climate: the tropical Angolan and the northern and southern Benguela upwelling systems (tAUS, nBUS, sBUS). The tAUS, which is remotely forced via equatorial and coastal trapped waves, can be characterized as a mixing-driven system, where the wind forcing plays only a secondary role. The nBUS and sBUS are both forced by alongshore winds and offshore cyclonic wind stress curl. While the nBUS is a permanent upwelling system, the sBUS is impacted by the seasonal cycle of alongshore winds. Interannual variability in the region is dominated by Benguela Niños and Niñas that are warm and cold events observed every few years in the tAUS and nBUS. Decadal and multidecadal variations are reported for sea surface temperature and salinity, stratification and subsurface oxygen. Future climate warming is likely associated with a southward shift of the South Atlantic wind system. While the mixing-driven tAUS will most likely be affected by warming and increasing stratification, the nBUS and sBUS will be mostly affected by wind changes with increasing winds in the sBUS and weakening winds in the northern nBUS.
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    Inconsistent Atlantic Links to Precipitation Extremes over the Humid Tropics (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: This study investigates extreme wet and dry conditions over the humid tropics and their connections to the variability of the tropical ocean basins using observations and a multi-model ensemble of 24 state-of-the-art coupled climate models, for the 1930–2014 period. The extreme wet (dry) conditions are consistently linked to Central Pacific La Niña (Eastern Pacific El Niño), the weakest being the Congo basin, and homogeneous patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. The Atlantic exhibits markedly varying configurations of SST anomalies, including the Atlantic Niño and pan-Atlantic decadal oscillation, with non-symmetrical patterns between the wet and dry conditions. The oceanic influences are associated with anomalous convection and diabatic heating partly related to variations in the strength of the Walker Circulation. The observed connection between the Amazon basin, as well as the Maritime continent, and the Indo-Pacific variability are better simulated than that of the Congo basin. The observed signs of the Pacific and Indian SST anomalies are reversed for the modelled Congo basin extreme conditions which are, instead, tied to the Atlantic Niño/Niña variability. This Atlantic–Congo basin connection is related to a too southerly location of the simulated inter-tropical convergence zone that is associated with warm SST biases over the Atlantic cold tongue. This study highlights important teleconnections and model improvements necessary for the skillful prediction of extreme precipitation over the humid tropics.
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    Short and decadal impacts of seafloor physical perturbation on the abundances of Lebensspuren ‘traces of life’ in the Peru Basin manganese nodule province (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, 'traces of life', were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
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    Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of an External Pose-Tracking System for Underwater Cameras (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: To advance underwater computer vision and robotics from lab environments and clear water scenarios to the deep dark ocean or murky coastal waters, representative benchmarks and realistic datasets with ground truth information are required. In particular, determining the camera pose is essential for many underwater robotic or photogrammetric applications and known ground truth is mandatory to evaluate the performance of, e.g., simultaneous localization and mapping approaches in such extreme environments. This paper presents the conception, calibration, and implementation of an external reference system for determining the underwater camera pose in real time. The approach, based on an HTC Vive tracking system in air, calculates the underwater camera pose by fusing the poses of two controllers tracked above the water surface of a tank. It is shown that the mean deviation of this approach to an optical marker-based reference in air is less than 3 mm and 0.3. Finally, the usability of the system for underwater applications is demonstrated.
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    Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea, displays features of a sponge-associated life style (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144T) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144T 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144T with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20T (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2T (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75–76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1–13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144T revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144T was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25–30 °C, within a salinity range of 2–6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0, and iso-C15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144T was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144T represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144T (= DSM 114563T = LMG 32744T).
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    Editorial – Ocean Dynamics in 2023: overview and thank you to reviewers (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
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    Future weakening of southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean interannual sea surface temperature variability in a global climate model (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Future changes in the southeastern tropical Atlantic interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are investigated utilizing the global climate model FOCI. In that model, the Coastal Angola Benguela Area (CABA) is among the regions of the tropical Atlantic that exhibits the largest surface warming. Under the worst-case scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5), the SST variability in the CABA decreases by about 19% in 2070–2099 relative to 1981–2010 during the model’s peak interannual variability season May–June–July (MJJ). The weakening of the MJJ interannual temperature variability spans the upper 40 m of the ocean along the Angolan and Namibian coasts. The reduction in variability appears to be related to a diminished surface-layer temperature response to thermocline-depth variations, i.e., a weaker thermocline feedback, which is linked to changes in the mean vertical temperature gradient. Despite improvements made by embedding a high-resolution nest in the ocean a significant SST bias remains, which might have implications for the results.
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    Underwater Multiview Stereo Using Axial Camera Models (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: 3D models, generated from underwater imagery, are a valuable asset for many applications. When acquiring images underwater, light is refracted as it passes the boundary layers between water, housing and the air inside the housing due to the different refractive indices of the materials. Thus the geometry of the light rays changes in this scenario and the standard pinhole camera model is not applicable. As a result, pinhole 3D reconstruction methods can not easily be applied in this environment. For the dense reconstruction of scene surfaces the added complexity is especially challenging, as these types of algorithms have to match vast amounts of image content. This work proposes the refractive adaptation of a PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo algorithm. The refraction encountered at flat port underwater housings is explicitly modeled to avoid systematic errors in the reconstruction. Concepts derived from the axial camera model are employed to handle the high demands of Multi-View Stereo regarding accuracy and computational complexity. Numerical simulations and reconstruction results on synthetically generated but realistic images with ground truth validate the effectiveness of the approach.
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    Dynamics of Aggregates and Sinking Carbon Fluxes in a Turbulent Ocean (2024)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The sinking of particulate matter from the upper ocean dominates the export and sequestration of organic carbon by the biological pump, a critical component of the Earth's carbon cycle. Controls on carbon export are thought to be driven by ecological processes that produce and repackage sinking biogenic particles. Here, we present observations during the demise of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean spring bloom illustrating the importance of storm-induced turbulence on the dynamics of sinking particles. A sequence of four large storms caused upper layer mean turbulence levels to vary by more than three orders of magnitude. Large particle (>0.1 to 10 mm) abundance and size changed accordingly: increasing via shear coagulation when turbulence was moderate and decreasing rapidly when turbulence was intense due to shear disaggregation. Particle export was also tied to storm forcing as large particles were mixed to depth during mixed layer deepening. After the mixed layer shoaled, these particles, now isolated from intense surface mixing, grew larger and subsequently sank. This sequence of events matched the timing of sinking particle flux observations. Particle export was influenced by increases in aggregate abundance and porosity, which appeared to be enhanced by the repeated creation and destruction of aggregates. Last, particle transit efficiency through the mesopelagic zone was reduced by presumably biotic processes that created small particles (〈0.5 mm) from larger ones. Our results demonstrate that ocean turbulence significantly impacts the nature and dynamics of sinking particles, strongly influencing particle export and the efficiency of the biological pump.
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    Perspektiven eines politikplanenden Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes: Rechtsrahmen, Ausgestaltung und Forschungsbedarf (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Der Biodiversitätsverlust schreitet in bedrohlichem Ausmaß voran. Mit dem Global Biodiversity Framework und voraussichtlich dem Nature Restoration Law bestehen nun auf internationaler und europäischer Ebene vielversprechende Ansätze, ihm Herr zu werden. Jetzt ist der Bundesgesetzgeber – nicht zuletzt aus verfassungsrechtlichen Erwägungen – aufgerufen, daran anzuknüpfen. Dazu bietet sich die Regelungsform eines Rahmen- und Politikplanungsgesetzes an, wie sie schon aus dem Klimaschutzgesetz und dem Klimaanpassungsgesetz bekannt ist. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet den internationalen, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Hintergrund eines solchen ‘Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes’ und diskutiert – unter Zusammenarbeit sowohl rechts- als auch naturwissenschaftlicher Autor:innen – formale und materielle Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
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    Biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: a worm perspective (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The deep seafloor of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ) hosts large deposits of polymetallic nodules that are of great commercial interest as they are rich in valuable metals such as manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt. However, mining of these nodules has the potential to severely affect the benthic fauna, whose distribution and diversity are still poorly understood. The CCZ is characterized by strong gradients in sea surface productivity and hence changes in the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor, decreasing from mesotrophic conditions in the southeast to oligotrophic conditions in the northwest. Uncovering and understanding changes in community composition and structure along this productivity gradient are challenging but important, especially in the context of future mining impacts. Here, we summarize published data on benthic annelids (polychaetes), a major component of macrobenthic communities in the CCZ. Unlike previous studies, we attempt to explore all available data based on both morphology and genetics collected by box corer and epibenthic sledge. In this regard, we specifically aimed to (a) summarize and compare morphological and molecular data in relation to surface water nutrient conditions and (b) provide recommendations to advance the studies of polychaete biodiversity. Although initial studies on polychaetes in the CCZ were performed as far back as the 1970s, there are still large data gaps further explored in our review. For example, most of the current data are from the eastern CCZ, limiting understanding of species ranges across the region. An association between polychaete communities and the available food supply was generally observed in this study. Indeed, mesotrophic conditions supported higher abundance and species richness in polychaetes as a whole, but for certain groups of species, the patterns appear to be opposite — illustrating that relationships are likely more complex at lower taxonomic levels. A better understanding of biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes requires a concerted effort involving increased sampling and sharing of data and material to close existing knowledge gaps.
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    A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today (2024)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Warmer temperatures and higher sea level than today characterized the Last Interglacial interval [Pleistocene, 128 to 116 thousand years ago (ka)]. This period is a remarkable deep-time analog for temperature and sea-level conditions as projected for 2100 AD, yet there has been no evidence of fossil assemblages in the equatorial Atlantic. Here, we report foraminifer, metazoan (mollusks, bony fish, bryozoans, decapods, and sharks among others), and plant communities of coastal tropical marine and mangrove affinities, dating precisely from a ca. 130 to 115 ka time interval near the Equator, at Kourou, in French Guiana. These communities include ca. 230 recent species, some being endangered today and/or first recorded as fossils. The hyperdiverse Kourou mollusk assemblage suggests stronger affinities between Guianese and Caribbean coastal waters by the Last Interglacial than today, questioning the structuring role of the Amazon Plume on tropical Western Atlantic communities at the time. Grassland-dominated pollen, phytoliths, and charcoals from younger deposits in the same sections attest to a marine retreat and dryer conditions during the onset of the last glacial (ca. 110 to 50 ka), with a savanna-dominated landscape and episodes of fire. Charcoals from the last millennia suggest human presence in a mosaic of modern-like continental habitats. Our results provide key information about the ecology and biogeography of pristine Pleistocene tropical coastal ecosystems, especially relevant regarding the—widely anthropogenic—ongoing global warming.
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    Genetic analysis of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) type specimens resolves northeast Pacific blade-forming species (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: Misapplication of Ulva epithets in GenBank has led to confusion in the scientific literature and community. To solve some of the problems, targeted DNA sequencing of plastid encoded rbc L gene amplicons or high-throughput sequencing was performed on all blade-forming Ulva type specimens from the northeast Pacific. Recently collected specimens from at or near type localities were also analyzed for some taxa. Based on these genetic analyses, we confirmed currently recognized species: U. californica , with U. angusta and U. scagelii as heterotypic synonyms, U. stenophylla , U. taeniata , and U. tanneri . Ulva dactylifera , currently considered a synonym of U. taeniata based on morpho-anatomy, is recognized as a distinct species, as is U. expansa whose type specimen was sequenced in 2018. All but two of the ITS, rbc L and tuf A sequences in GenBank that were labeled U. californica were correctly named, in contrast to U. taeniata , for which only one of 14 sequences was correctly labeled. These results show that DNA sequencing of Ulva type specimens is essential for the correct application of names.
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    Taxonomic assessment of blade-forming Ulva species (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador using DNA sequencing (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: DNA sequences were obtained from 32 blade-forming Ulva specimens collected in 2018 and 2019 from four islands in the Galápagos Archipelago: Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela and San Cristóbal. The loci sequenced were nuclear encoded ITS and plastid encoded rbc L and tuf A, all recognized as barcode markers for green algae. Four species were found, Ulva adhaerens , U. lactuca , U. ohnoi and U. tanneri , all of which have had their type specimens sequenced, ensuring the correct application of these names. Only one of these, U. lactuca , was reported historically from the archipelago. Ulva adhaerens was the species most commonly collected and widely distributed, occurring on all four islands. Previously known only from Japan and Korea, this is the first report of U. adhaerens from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Ulva ohnoi was collected on three islands, Isabela, Floreana, and San Cristóbal, and U. lactuca only on the last two. Ulva tanneri is a diminutive, 1–2 cm tall, high intertidal species that is easily overlooked, but likely far more common than the one specimen that was collected. This study of blade-forming Ulva species confirms that a concerted effort, using DNA sequencing, is needed to document the seaweed flora of the Galápagos Archipelago.
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    Updating the Ulvaceae in the green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The 2007 flora “Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland” did not present the molecular data underpinning the Ulvaceae treatment, mostly ITS sequences. Subsequently, names have changed as type material of Ulva species is sequenced and intensive sampling with DNA barcoding adds new European species. To update the Ulvaceae, we systematically sampled from 2007 to 2021, identifying specimens using various molecular markers alongside DNA from type material of four species. We show here that Ulva gigantea , based on rbc L, tuf A and ITS sequences of its holotype, is assigned to Ulva compressa , as is the lectotype of Ulva curvata . Ulva gigantea sensu GenBank and Ulva pseudocurvata are conspecific. The correct name is U. pseudocurvata based on rbc L sequences of the lectotype. Two species of monostromatic Ulvaceae were included in the 2007 flora, but we show that both of them and all earlier British monostromatic collections represent Ulvaria splendens , a species originally described from Alaska. Analysis of two rbc L amplicons of the Ulva sordida lectotype shows that it is conspecific with Ulvaria splendens . Our first genuine collections of Ulvaria obscura from SW England and SW Wales correspond to topotype material from the Bay of Biscay, recent samples from Galicia and unpublished tuf A sequences from Britanny.
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    Environmental gradients influence geographic differentiation and low genetic diversity of morphologically similar Ulva species in the Northwest Pacific (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: Species classified in the genus Ulva are important foundational marine primary producers distributed worldwide. These species are particularly abundant and diverse through the northwest Pacific (NWP) where they experience marked latitudinal gradients of environmental heterogeneity. It is unclear, however, to what extent such dynamic conditions can modulate phenotypic and genetic patterns in these organisms, potentially reflecting the influence of historical and contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed inter- and intra-specific genetic patterns of Ulva species through the NWP using plastid rbc L and tuf A gene sequences. Although we initially targeted Ulva australis based on morphological identification, we recovered eight Ulva genetic entities masked by morphological similarities. Except for the Ulva linza–procera–prolifera and U. lactuca–reticulata complexes, six of these genetic entities were recovered as individual species (i.e., U. australis , U. ohnoi , U. californica , U. compressa , U. lacinulata , and U. arasakii ), and showed biogeographic patterns likely explained by clines in sea surface temperature and ocean current dispersal. At intra-specific level, all the genetic entities showed low genetic variation and divergence based on rbc L (0–0.3 %) and tuf A (0–0.9 %) data. Our results provide insights regarding intra- and inter-specific genetic patterns characterizing morphologically similar Ulva species through the NWP. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such patterns and the associated ecological and evolutionary implications.
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    Mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher zur Dekarbonisierung (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Es werden mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher für die Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen in die Atmosphäre oder für die Entnahme von bereits emittiertem CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vorgestellt. Neben der Einlagerung von CO2 in geologischen Speichern unter Land und unter dem Meeresboden werden eine forcierte CO2-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre und Abgabe in den Ozean durch Erhöhung der Alkalinität, durch Ozeandüngung und durch das Management vegetationsreicher Küstenökosysteme untersucht. Alle Optionen können sowohl global als auch aus deutscher Perspektive eine Rolle für das Erreichen der Klimaziele spielen. Umweltverträglichkeit, Permanenz der Speicherung sowie infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen, gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit bedürfen für alle Ansätze weiterer Klärung, bevor hieraus realisierbare Optionen werden können.
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    3D intrusions transport active surface microbial assemblages to the dark ocean (2024)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Significance Particulate organic carbon (POC) formed by photosynthesis in the sunlit surface ocean fuels the ecosystems in the dark ocean below. We show that mesoscale fronts and eddies, which are ubiquitous physical features in subtropical oceans, generate three-dimensional intrusions connecting the surface to deep ocean. Intrusions are enriched in total POC due to enhancement of small, nonsinking photosynthetic plankton and free-living bacteria that resemble surface microbial communities. Flow-driven export of POC, estimated using an approximation of eddy physics, is the same order of magnitude as export by sinking POC, which was previously thought to dominate export. These observations reveal coupling of surface and deep ocean productivity and biodiversity and give insight into mechanisms by which the ocean transports carbon to depth. Abstract Subtropical oceans contribute significantly to global primary production, but the fate of the picophytoplankton that dominate in these low-nutrient regions is poorly understood. Working in the subtropical Mediterranean, we demonstrate that subduction of water at ocean fronts generates 3D intrusions with uncharacteristically high carbon, chlorophyll, and oxygen that extend below the sunlit photic zone into the dark ocean. These contain fresh picophytoplankton assemblages that resemble the photic-zone regions where the water originated. Intrusions propagate depth-dependent seasonal variations in microbial assemblages into the ocean interior. Strikingly, the intrusions included dominant biomass contributions from nonphotosynthetic bacteria and enrichment of enigmatic heterotrophic bacterial lineages. Thus, the intrusions not only deliver material that differs in composition and nutritional character from sinking detrital particles, but also drive shifts in bacterial community composition, organic matter processing, and interactions between surface and deep communities. Modeling efforts paired with global observations demonstrate that subduction can flux similar magnitudes of particulate organic carbon as sinking export, but is not accounted for in current export estimates and carbon cycle models. Intrusions formed by subduction are a particularly important mechanism for enhancing connectivity between surface and upper mesopelagic ecosystems in stratified subtropical ocean environments that are expanding due to the warming climate.
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    A climatology of weather-driven anomalies in European photovoltaic and wind power production (2024)
    Nature Research | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-10
    Description: Weather causes extremes in photovoltaic and wind power production. Here we present a comprehensive climatology of anomalies in photovoltaic and wind power production associated with weather patterns in Europe considering the 2019 and potential 2050 installations, and hourly to ten-day events. To that end, we performed kilometer-scale numerical simulations of hourly power production for 23 years and paired the output with a weather classification which allows a detailed assessment of weather-driven spatio-temporal production anomalies. Our results highlight the dependency of low-power production events on the installed capacities and the event duration. South-shifted Westerlies (Anticyclonic South-Easterlies) are associated with the lowest hourly (ten-day) extremes for the 2050 (both) installations. Regional power production anomalies can differ from the ones in the European mean. Our findings suggest that weather patterns can serve as indicators for expected photovoltaic and wind power production anomalies and may be useful for early warnings in the energy sector.
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    New insights into the geometry of gas chimneys in the Gorgan plain through seismic attribute integration (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Gas chimneys and gas clouds in the subsurface media are known as one of the indications of possible petroleum reservoirs. Investigations of their properties are mostly initiated by seismic attribute interpretation on reflection seismic data. However, due to the complexity of their behavior and their difficult interpretation of seismic attributes, state-of-the-art methods are mostly required to be applied on the seismic data to prevent any misinterpretation. This is mostly done through attribute integration and multi-attribute analysis. This research presents a study on seismic attributes and integration on several 2D seismic reflection lines from the Gorgan Plain. It is located in Northeast Iran, on the western border of the region’s well-known Kopeh-Dagh fold and thrust belt, and southeastern border of the South Caspian Basin. Hydrocarbon systems of the Gorgan Plain are poorly known and have not been widely studied, but according to preliminary investigations, this region has the potential for hydrocarbon occurrences. The aim of this study is to investigate presence and then delaminate the affected area of possible gas chimneys that are related to possible hydrocarbon reservoirs. Gas chimneys are assumed to be created due to the routes, mostly made by faults, that provoke light hydrocarbons components to migrate toward the surface. Preliminary interpretations of seismic reflection data in this study revealed that at least two gas chimneys occurred within the Gorgan Plain. As it was mentioned, since they are mostly due to the faulting above the hydrocarbon reservoir, gas chimney and heavy faulting might exhibit the same effects on the seismic data and then on its attributes, which are amplitude reduction and high damping on energies, distortion of the waveshape and seismic velocity reduction. Thus, care should be taken in separation of these two different geologic phenomena on seismic attributes. This also was done in this study through utilized integration of the most relevant seismic attributes such as Instantaneous-phase, Chaos, Variance and Remove-bias attributes. Based on the result of interpretations and according to the evolution of the basin and its structural reconstruction on other studies, gas chimneys of the Gorgan Plain, are in relation to the operation of fault zones in Cenozoic erathem in the region. These fault zones which cut the entire Cenozoic erathem, create the pathway for vertical migration of hydrocarbons through Cheleken formation (reservoir rock) and its overburden sedimentary sequences. In other words, operation of fault zones within Cenozoic sedimentary sequence, is the main reason for gas seepage in the Gorgan Plain, which is also shown in seismic data.
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    Random noise attenuation in seismic data using an adaptive thresholding and the second-order variant time-reassigned synchrosqueezing transform (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Seismic data analysis often faces the challenge of random noise contamination from various sources. To overcome this, innovative noise attenuation methods utilizing seismic signal properties are needed. This study focuses on efficiently suppressing random noise in the domain of time and frequency by accurately estimating instantaneous frequency using the single-valued group delay characteristic of seismic signals. The time-reassigned synchrosqueezing transform (TSST) and its second-order variant (TSST2) offer high-resolution time-frequency representations (TFRs) for noise suppression. Expanding on these advancements, we propose an efficient noise suppression method that integrates the adaptive thresholding model into the TSST2 framework and employs sparse representation of the TFR through low-rank estimation. This method effectively attenuates noise while preserving essential signal information. The proposed approach operates trace by trace on recorded data, initially transforming it into a sparse subspace using TSST2. The adaptive thresholding model then decomposes the resulting TFR into sparse and semi-low-rank components, achieving a high-resolution and sparse TFR for efficient separation of noise and signal. After noise suppression, the seismic data can be fully reconstructed by inversely transforming the semi-low-rank component data into the time domain. This method addresses previous limitations in noise attenuation techniques and provides a practical solution for enhancing seismic data quality.
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    Effects of environmental and climatic drivers on abyssal macrobenthic infaunal communities from the NE Pacific nodule province (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: The macrofauna in soft sediments of the deep seafloor is generally diverse and represents a comparatively well-studied faunal group of deep-sea ecosystems. In the abyss of the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the NE Pacific, macrofauna are major contributors to benthic biodiversity. Their distribution, composition, and diversity have been frequently investigated to assess the potential impacts of future mining activities on the resident fauna. In this study, patterns of densities and community structure of CCFZ macrobenthic infauna and their relationships with a range of environmental and climatic variables were examined, with a special focus on communities from the eastern German contract area (referred to as BGR CA). However, comparisons were also made with other contractor areas (e.g., IFREMER, IOM, GSR) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Material for this study was obtained by means of a box corer during six expeditions to the CCFZ between 2013 and 2018 resulting in 148 samples. Our study uncovered notable spatial and temporal variations in both faunal densities and community composition. While areas within the BGR CA exhibited a similar community composition, slight differences were observed between the various CAs and APEI3. Surprisingly, we found an unexpected negative correlation between food availability and both macrofaunal density and community structure that may be attributed to differences in sampling methodologies and pronounced temporal variation. Furthermore, we explored the impact of climatic fluctuations associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on macrofaunal densities, observing an increase during warm (El Niño) events. Our findings underscore the challenges of accurately assessing spatial and temporal variations in the absence of standardised sampling protocols. Hence, we emphasize the importance of adopting standardised protocols to enhance data comparability, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the underlying factors influencing spatial and temporal changes in macrofauna community structure within the CCFZ.
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    Predatory preferences of a non-indigenous crab do not depend on prey invasion scenarios (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Predatory non-indigenous species (NIS) have profound impacts on global ecosystems, potentially leading to native prey extinction and reshaping community dynamics. Among mechanisms potentially mediating predator impacts and prey invasion success are predator preferences between native vs. non-indigenous prey, a topic still underexplored. Using functional response and prey preference experiments, this study focused on the predation by the non-indigenous Japanese brush-clawed shore crab, Hemigrapsus takanoi, between the native gammarid Gammarus duebeni and the analogous non-indigenous Gammarus tigrinus. Although H. takanoi showed subtle differences in its functional response type between the two prey species, its preferences across their environmental frequencies were not strongly influenced by the prey invasion scenario. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of interactions in ecosystems with multiple NIS, offering fresh insights into complex feeding interactions within marine environments.
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  • 45
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    Magmatic processes within the plumbing system of the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge: constraints from olivine, plagioclase and melt inclusions (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-26
    Description: Processes taking place within the magma plumbing system can exert an important control on the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUBs) found at magma-poor mid-ocean ridges exhibit diverse disequilibrium characteristics, which can provide vital insights for distinguishing the complex effects of melt transport from those of source heterogeneity on the compositions of MORBs. Here, we present new insights into magmatic processes using integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the PUBs from two zones (~ 50° and ~ 64°E longitude) along the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge (SWIR). The studied PUBs have complex mineral morphologies, including skeletal and acicular crystals, glomerocrysts with open and closed structure, reverse and normally zoned crystals and external and internal resorption even in single samples. Both low- and high-Fo olivine and An plagioclase crystals are in disequilibrium with their matrix glasses. Some plagioclase phenocrysts have repeated oscillatory zoning (An77–86) going from their core to rim and an abrupt decrease in An content toward the rim. Disequilibrium Sr isotopic compositions are present at several scales: between cores and rims of plagioclase crystals, between different plagioclase crystals and between plagioclase and their host lavas. Inferred pressures of magma storage range from 0.3 to 11.3 kbar. The textural and compositional diversity of crystals together with the variability in melt compositions reflect the combined influences of source heterogeneity and magmatic processes (e.g. crystallization, assimilation and magma mixing processes) taking place within crystal mushes. Our data combined with previous studies suggest that the magmatic processes within the SWIR magma plumbing system involve formation, disaggregation and juxtaposition of crystal-rich mush zones.
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    Divergence between sea urchins and their microbiota following speciation (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: Animals have a deep evolutionary relationship with microbial symbionts, such that individual microbes or an entire microbial community can diverge alongside the host. Here, we explore these host-microbe relationships in Echinometra, a sea urchin genus that speciated with the Isthmus of Panama and throughout the Indo-West Pacific. We find that the eggs from five Echinometra species generally associate with a species-specific bacterial community and that the relatedness of these communities is largely congruent with host phylogeny. Microbiome divergence per million years was higher in more recent speciation events than in older ones. We, however, did not find any bacterial groups that displayed co-phylogeny with Echinometra. Together, these findings suggest that the evolutionary relationship between Echinometra and their microbiota operates at the community level. We find no evidence suggesting that the associated microbiota is the evolutionary driver of Echinometra speciation. Instead, divergence between Echinometra and their microbiota is likely the byproduct of ecological, geographic, and reproductive isolations.
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  • 47
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    Automatic mud diapir detection using ANFIS expert systems algorithm; a case study in the Gorgan plain, Iran (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Automatic seismic data interpretation is a significant method in the exploration of geophysics. Complexities of the subsurface structures and the subsurface wave propagation media, make the decision-making process difficult in seismic data interpretation. Nevertheless, the extent of related knowledge and using the expert system method in seismic data interpretation can mitigate this problem. An expert system is a knowledge-based system that applies its knowledge in a complex and specific area and acts as an expert end-user consultant. This study investigates the design of an ANFIS expert system for mud diapirs detection with seismic data analysis in Gorgan plain. This method was applied to seismic attributes from a complex geological mud diapir bearing structure from south of the Caspian Sea. The south of the Caspian Sea is one of the richest area as petroleum reserves, and the Gorgan plain has various mud diapirs, which act as indicators of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The expert system design process to identify mud diapirs on seismic sections was modeled in two approaches including manual and automatic seismic data interpretation. In the first approach, the experience of the expert was collected by manual interpretation of training data and used to create a knowledge base and inference of the expert system in the second approach. The validation verified the accuracy of this method with an average accuracy of 90.1% according to using minimum knowledge to develop a knowledge base of the designed ANFIS expert system.
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  • 48
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    Insights on long-term ecosystem changes from stable isotopes in historical squid beaks (2024)
    BioMed Central | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Background: Assessing the historical dynamics of key food web components is crucial to understand how climate change impacts the structure of Arctic marine ecosystems. Most retrospective stable isotopic studies to date assessed potential ecosystem shifts in the Arctic using vertebrate top predators and filter-feeding invertebrates as proxies. However, due to long life histories and specific ecologies, ecosystem shifts are not always detectable when using these taxa. Moreover, there are currently no retrospective stable isotopic studies on various other ecological and taxonomic groups of Arctic biota. To test whether climate-driven shifts in marine ecosystems are reflected in the ecology of short-living mesopredators, ontogenetic changes in stable isotope signatures in chitinous hard body structures were analysed in two abundant squids (Gonatus fabricii and Todarodes sagittatus) from the low latitude Arctic and adjacent waters, collected between 1844 and 2023. Results: We detected a temporal increase in diet and habitat-use generalism (= opportunistic choice rather than specialization), trophic position and niche width in G. fabricii from the low latitude Arctic waters. These shifts in trophic ecology matched with the Atlantification of the Arctic ecosystems, which includes increased generalization of food webs and higher primary production, and the influx of boreal species from the North Atlantic as a result of climate change. The Atlantification is especially marked since the late 1990s/early 2000s. The temporal patterns we found in G. fabricii’s trophic ecology were largely unreported in previous Arctic retrospective isotopic ecology studies. Accordingly, T. sagittatus that occur nowadays in the high latitude North Atlantic have a more generalist diet than in the XIXth century. :Conclusions Our results suggest that abundant opportunistic mesopredators with short life cycles (such as squids) are good candidates for retrospective ecology studies in the marine ecosystems, and to identify ecosystem shifts driven by climate change. Enhanced generalization of Arctic food webs is reflected in increased diet generalism and niche width in squids, while increased abundance of boreal piscivorous fishes is reflected in squids’ increased trophic position. These findings support opportunism and adaptability in squids, which renders them as potential winners of short-term shifts in Arctic ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 49
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    Gattungstheorie und Dichtungspraxis in neronisch-flavischer Epik (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Dieser Sammelband widmet sich den römischen Epikern Lucan, Valerius Flaccus, Statius und Silius Italicus. Die Beiträge beleuchten den Kontrast zwischen Gattungstheorie und -praxis, das Zusammenspiel von Gattungsinterferenzen und Intertextualität sowie das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Konvention und Innovation. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Verhältnis der nachaugusteischen Epik zur früheren Tradition, d. h. zu maßgeblichen Vorgängern wie Homer, Vergil und Ovid. Die Selbstpositionierung der späteren Dichter in Bezug zum Kanon geht häufig mit der Bemühung einher, traditionelle Elemente neu zu konfigurieren: Durch Aussparung, Variation oder Übersteigerung gattungstypischer Aspekte treten ihre Werke in einen Dialog mit den früheren Epen und unterwandern dabei permanent die Erwartungshorizonte des Publikums. Hierbei spielt die Einbindung gattungsfremder Diskurse eine zentrale Rolle: Moderne literaturwissenschaftliche Konzepte zur Analyse von Gattungsinterferenzen werden im Sammelband kritisch evaluiert und reflektiert in die Interpretation einbezogen. Die methodische Bandbreite und die innovativen Zugänge in diesem Band leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Vertiefung und Erweiterung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes. ; Dieser Sammelband widmet sich den römischen Epikern Lucan, Valerius Flaccus, Statius und Silius Italicus. Die Beiträge beleuchten den Kontrast zwischen Gattungstheorie und -praxis, das Zusammenspiel von Gattungsinterferenzen und Intertextualität sowie das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Konvention und Innovation. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Verhältnis der nachaugusteischen Epik zur früheren Tradition, d. h. zu maßgeblichen Vorgängern wie Homer, Vergil und Ovid. Die Selbstpositionierung der späteren Dichter in Bezug zum Kanon geht häufig mit der Bemühung einher, traditionelle Elemente neu zu konfigurieren: Durch Aussparung, Variation oder Übersteigerung gattungstypischer Aspekte treten ihre Werke in einen Dialog mit den früheren Epen und unterwandern dabei permanent die Erwartungshorizonte des Publikums. Hierbei spielt die Einbindung gattungsfremder Diskurse eine zentrale Rolle: Moderne literaturwissenschaftliche Konzepte zur Analyse von Gattungsinterferenzen werden im Sammelband kritisch evaluiert und reflektiert in die Interpretation einbezogen. Die methodische Bandbreite und die innovativen Zugänge in diesem Band leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Vertiefung und Erweiterung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes. ; This anthology is dedicated to the Roman epic poets Lucan, Valerius Flaccus, Statius and Silius Italicus. The contributions examine the contrast between genre theory and practice, the interplay of genre interference and intertextuality, and the tension between convention and innovation. The focus is on the relationship of post-Augustan epic poetry to the earlier tradition, i.e. to authoritative predecessors such as Homer, Virgil and Ovid. The self-positioning of later poets in relation to the canon often goes hand in hand with an endeavour to reconfigure traditional elements: By omitting, varying or exaggerating aspects typical of the genre, their works enter into a dialogue with the earlier epics, permanently subverting the audience's horizons of expectation. The integration of non-genre discourses plays a central role here: modern literary concepts for analysing genre interference are critically evaluated in the anthology and incorporated into the interpretation in a reflective manner. The methodological range and innovative approaches in this volume make an important contribution to deepening and expanding the current state of research.
    Keywords: Epos ; Latein ; Antike ; Literaturtheorie ; Classical antiquity ; epic poetry ; Latin ; literature theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DB Ancient, classical and medieval texts ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: German
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    Kinderstube des Kapitalismus? (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Nursery of Capitalism examines the relationship between children and money in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the modern era, money came to symbolize both a resource for rationalization and a morally dangerous object. The author reveals that this ambivalence surfaced particularly in educating children to become economic citizens, and thus extends the history of economic subjectivity to include the perspective of children.
    Keywords: Cultural history ; childhood ; money ; economics ; pedagogy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNB History of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history::HBJD1 British & Irish history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history
    Language: German
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    Coming to Terms (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Terminologies present various challenges to their inventors and to their users, ranging from epistemic adequacy over linguistic concerns to matters of strategy and group construction. With respect to historical terminologies, however, research has been dominated by linguistic approaches. Breaking new ground, Coming to Terms collects eleven articles that combine an interest in the history of knowledge, mostly ancient Greek, with research on scientific terminologies. They all share an interest in terminological practices, that is, questions such as how and when to coin a term and then what to do with it. Among the fields discussed are astronomy, the Roman surveyors, Aristotelian science, Renaissance and modern biology, contemporary medicine, ancient Chinese philosophy, 20th-century physics, and colonial linguistics. Confronting ancient with modern terminologies, the collection intends to test integrative interpretive approaches. Thus, the collection documents how rich ancient (and modern) terminologies are and shows that they are, beyond lexicography, worth being studied per se. ; Terminologies present various challenges to their inventors and to their users, ranging from epistemic adequacy over linguistic concerns to matters of strategy and group construction. With respect to historical terminologies, however, research has been dominated by linguistic approaches. Breaking new ground, Coming to Terms collects eleven articles that combine an interest in the history of knowledge, mostly ancient Greek, with research on scientific terminologies. They all share an interest in terminological practices, that is, questions such as how and when to coin a term and then what to do with it. Among the fields discussed are astronomy, the Roman surveyors, Aristotelian science, Renaissance and modern biology, contemporary medicine, ancient Chinese philosophy, 20th-century physics, and colonial linguistics. Confronting ancient with modern terminologies, the collection intends to test integrative interpretive approaches. Thus, the collection documents how rich ancient (and modern) terminologies are and shows that they are, beyond lexicography, worth being studied per se.
    Keywords: Terminologie ; antike Wissenschaft ; Aristoteles ; terminology ; ancient science ; Aristotle ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Der Witwer. Die Gefährtin (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Der Witwer. Die Gefährtin erscheint als 14. Band der – von Konstanze Fliedl herausgegebenen – historisch-kritischen Ausgabe von Arthur Schnitzlers Frühwerk. Ein Witwer erfährt aus Briefen vom Betrug seiner verstorbenen Gattin mit seinem besten Freund und Assistenten. Schnitzler widmete sich diesem Stoff zuerst in der Novelle Der Witwer und erarbeitete daraus schließlich das Drama Die Gefährtin. Die Texte verhandeln gesellschafts- und kulturpolitischen Kontexte der Zeit und zeigen ein Ringen um Ethik und Moral – vor allem in Hinblick auf die Institution ‚Ehe‘. Während erste Ansätze zu einer Aufbereitung der Entstehungsgeschichte bereits vorliegen (Höfflin-Grether 2021), veranschaulicht die vorliegende Ausgabe die Komplexität der Entstehung in vollem Umfang; faksimiliert die Handschriften, die sich großteils im Schnitzler-Nachlass an der Cambridge University Library befinden, versieht sie mit einer Umschrift und ediert die Typoskripte. Der Band zeichnet zudem die Druckgeschichte nach und bietet Lesetexte der Novelle und des Dramas nach dem Erstdruck bzw. der Erstausgabe. Versehen werden die Texte mit Kommentaren zu kulturhistorischen Kontexten, Austriazismen und veralteten, zum Teil fremdsprachlichen Ausdrücken. Die historisch-kritische Ausgabe bietet eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlage für eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Werk Arthur Schnitzlers. ; Der Witwer. Die Gefährtin erscheint als 14. Band der – von Konstanze Fliedl herausgegebenen – historisch-kritischen Ausgabe von Arthur Schnitzlers Frühwerk. Ein Witwer erfährt aus Briefen vom Betrug seiner verstorbenen Gattin mit seinem besten Freund und Assistenten. Schnitzler widmete sich diesem Stoff zuerst in der Novelle Der Witwer und erarbeitete daraus schließlich das Drama Die Gefährtin. Die Texte verhandeln gesellschafts- und kulturpolitischen Kontexte der Zeit und zeigen ein Ringen um Ethik und Moral – vor allem in Hinblick auf die Institution ‚Ehe‘. Während erste Ansätze zu einer Aufbereitung der Entstehungsgeschichte bereits vorliegen (Höfflin-Grether 2021), veranschaulicht die vorliegende Ausgabe die Komplexität der Entstehung in vollem Umfang; faksimiliert die Handschriften, die sich großteils im Schnitzler-Nachlass an der Cambridge University Library befinden, versieht sie mit einer Umschrift und ediert die Typoskripte. Der Band zeichnet zudem die Druckgeschichte nach und bietet Lesetexte der Novelle und des Dramas nach dem Erstdruck bzw. der Erstausgabe. Versehen werden die Texte mit Kommentaren zu kulturhistorischen Kontexten, Austriazismen und veralteten, zum Teil fremdsprachlichen Ausdrücken. Die historisch-kritische Ausgabe bietet eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlage für eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Werk Arthur Schnitzlers.
    Keywords: Schnitzler, Arthur ; Wiener Moderne ; Novelle ; Novella ; Schnitzler ; Arthur ; Viennese Modernism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSG Literary studies: plays and playwrights ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers
    Language: German
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    Kellers Welten (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Gottfried Kellers Welten erscheint als dritter Band der Serie „Gottfried Kellers Moderne“. Kellers Jahrhundert ist das der Industrialisierung, des Imperialismus und des Kolonialismus. Ob Martin Salander, der sein Vermögen in kolonialen Abenteuern erwirbt, Don Correa, der erst in Portugal und dann in Angola auf Brautschau geht, oder der Grüne Heinrich, der den Imaginationsraum Asien eröffnet: Kellers Texte vermessen die Grenzen zwischen ,Eigenem‘ und ,Fremdem‘, lokalisieren das Andere und zirkulieren ihre Figuren genauso wie Waren, Werte und Worte. Der Band leistet einen Beitrag zur internationalen Keller-Forschung, zur Erforschung des Poetischen Realismus und der klassischen Moderne. Er adressiert vor allem Forschende und Studierende, die neue Wege zu Autor und Werk suchen. ; Gottfried Kellers Welten erscheint als dritter Band der Serie „Gottfried Kellers Moderne“. Kellers Jahrhundert ist das der Industrialisierung, des Imperialismus und des Kolonialismus. Ob Martin Salander, der sein Vermögen in kolonialen Abenteuern erwirbt, Don Correa, der erst in Portugal und dann in Angola auf Brautschau geht, oder der Grüne Heinrich, der den Imaginationsraum Asien eröffnet: Kellers Texte vermessen die Grenzen zwischen ,Eigenem‘ und ,Fremdem‘, lokalisieren das Andere und zirkulieren ihre Figuren genauso wie Waren, Werte und Worte. Der Band leistet einen Beitrag zur internationalen Keller-Forschung, zur Erforschung des Poetischen Realismus und der klassischen Moderne. Er adressiert vor allem Forschende und Studierende, die neue Wege zu Autor und Werk suchen.
    Keywords: Literaturtheorie ; Wissenspoetologie ; Diskursanalyse ; Ideengeschichte ; Literarische Praxeologie ; Discourse analysis ; intellectual history ; literary praxeology ; literary theory ; poetology of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSC Literary studies: poetry and poets ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence
    Language: German
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    Popliteratur 3.0 (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Mit der Digitalisierung erfährt der Literaturbetrieb der Gegenwart einen massiven Wandel. Autor*innen schaffen mithilfe der sozialen Medien zusätzliche Kommunikations- und Inszenierungsräume – mit der Konsequenz, dass sich die Literaturwissenschaft in ihrer klassischen Terminologie herausgefordert sieht. Der Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, diese Auswirkungen der sozialen Medien auf die Gegenwartsliteratur zu erforschen. Er geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass das Experimentieren mit den ästhetischen Möglichkeiten sozialer Medien vor allem im Bereich der Popliteratur stattfindet, die gegenwärtig eine dritte Konjunkturwelle erlebt. Ob die Literarisierung von SMS- und E-Mail-Messages oder Chatprotokollen einschließlich ihrer Codes der Emojis, GIFs, Memes im zeitgenössischen Pop-Roman, ob Twitter-Literatur, Poetry Bots oder Instagram-Feeds auf den Social-Media-Kanälen: als Pop 3.0 ist die digitale ‚Kultur der Masse‘ in der Gegenwartsliteratur angekommen. https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/publikationen/openaccess/open-access-buecher/open-access-transformationspakete?lang=de ; Mit der Digitalisierung erfährt der Literaturbetrieb der Gegenwart einen massiven Wandel. Autor*innen schaffen mithilfe der sozialen Medien zusätzliche Kommunikations- und Inszenierungsräume – mit der Konsequenz, dass sich die Literaturwissenschaft in ihrer klassischen Terminologie herausgefordert sieht. Der Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, diese Auswirkungen der sozialen Medien auf die Gegenwartsliteratur zu erforschen. Er geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass das Experimentieren mit den ästhetischen Möglichkeiten sozialer Medien vor allem im Bereich der Popliteratur stattfindet, die gegenwärtig eine dritte Konjunkturwelle erlebt. Ob die Literarisierung von SMS- und E-Mail-Messages oder Chatprotokollen einschließlich ihrer Codes der Emojis, GIFs, Memes im zeitgenössischen Pop-Roman, ob Twitter-Literatur, Poetry Bots oder Instagram-Feeds auf den Social-Media-Kanälen: als Pop 3.0 ist die digitale ‚Kultur der Masse‘ in der Gegenwartsliteratur angekommen. https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/publikationen/openaccess/open-access-buecher/open-access-transformationspakete?lang=de
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Popkultur ; Literaturbetrieb ; social media ; soziale Medien ; Digitalization ; pop culture ; literary scene ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: German
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    Configurations of Migration (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In a global context in which phenomena of migration play an ever more important role, the ways individual and collective experiences of migration are covered in the media, represented in culture, and interpreted are coming under increasing scrutiny. This book explores the complex relationship between creative engagements with migration on the one hand, and forms of knowledge about migration on the other, inquiring into the ways aesthetic practices are intertwined with knowledge structures. The book responds to three pressing research questions. First, it analyses how fictional texts, plays, images, films, and autobiographical accounts mediate forms of knowledge about migration. Second, it identifies the ways in which specific media approaches and aesthetic practices influence people’s ideas about and awareness of migratory experiences in a globalized world. Finally, it delineates how historical perspectives help us compare epistemological approaches to migration in the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries, and how these approaches affect the way critics and the public responded to and thought about different forms of (forced) migration. Bringing together renowned scholars working across disciplines, it investigates the possibilities and limitations that different media present when it comes to reflecting on, communicating, and imagining experiences of migration, and how these representations in turn create ways of knowing and understanding migration. ; In a global context in which phenomena of migration play an ever more important role, the ways individual and collective experiences of migration are covered in the media, represented in culture, and interpreted are coming under increasing scrutiny. This book explores the complex relationship between creative engagements with migration on the one hand, and forms of knowledge about migration on the other, inquiring into the ways aesthetic practices are intertwined with knowledge structures. The book responds to three pressing research questions. First, it analyses how fictional texts, plays, images, films, and autobiographical accounts mediate forms of knowledge about migration. Second, it identifies the ways in which specific media approaches and aesthetic practices influence people’s ideas about and awareness of migratory experiences in a globalized world. Finally, it delineates how historical perspectives help us compare epistemological approaches to migration in the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries, and how these approaches affect the way critics and the public responded to and thought about different forms of (forced) migration. Bringing together renowned scholars working across disciplines, it investigates the possibilities and limitations that different media present when it comes to reflecting on, communicating, and imagining experiences of migration, and how these representations in turn create ways of knowing and understanding migration.
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Visuelle Künste ; Diaspora ; Literaturwissenschaft ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Globalization ; literary and cultural studies ; visual arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AJ Photography and photographs ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    Gespeicherte Gefühle (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Archive sind Orte der Diskretion, die jede Menge an Indiskretionen aufbewahren: geheime Liebeskorrespondenz, Aufkündigungen enger Freundschaften, Schnorrbriefe, juristische Verfolgung von Verrissen, Kampf um geistiges Urheberrecht zwischen Plagiat und Paranoia, Diarien voll Schimpf und Schande. Was bedeutet die Arbeit mit diesen Dokumenten für den Archivar/die Archivarin? Welche Formen von Beziehungen zwischen Archivar_in, Autor_in und Archivalie sind vor dem Hintergrund zeit-, kultur- oder wissensgeschichtlicher Formationen, hinsichtlich politischer, geschlechtlicher oder minoritärer Perspektiven denkbar? Während die Theoretisierung des Verhältnisses von Autor_innen und Forscher_innen zum (Literatur-)Archiv bereits die Gründung von Archiven für Literatur um 1900 begleitet und seither verschiedentliche Innovationen erfahren hat, steht eine vergleichbare Reflexion der Arbeit von Archivar_innen für Literatur noch aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer unter dem Schlagwort ‚affective turn‘ versammelten Vielzahl historischer, epistemologischer und soziologischer Zugänge zu Affekten, Emotionen, Gefühlen sollen Möglichkeiten einer systematischen Reflexion im Sinne einer ‚teilnehmenden Objektivierung‘ (Bourdieu) archivarischer Arbeit erkundet werden. ; Archive sind Orte der Diskretion, die jede Menge an Indiskretionen aufbewahren: geheime Liebeskorrespondenz, Aufkündigungen enger Freundschaften, Schnorrbriefe, juristische Verfolgung von Verrissen, Kampf um geistiges Urheberrecht zwischen Plagiat und Paranoia, Diarien voll Schimpf und Schande. Was bedeutet die Arbeit mit diesen Dokumenten für den Archivar/die Archivarin? Welche Formen von Beziehungen zwischen Archivar_in, Autor_in und Archivalie sind vor dem Hintergrund zeit-, kultur- oder wissensgeschichtlicher Formationen, hinsichtlich politischer, geschlechtlicher oder minoritärer Perspektiven denkbar? Während die Theoretisierung des Verhältnisses von Autor_innen und Forscher_innen zum (Literatur-)Archiv bereits die Gründung von Archiven für Literatur um 1900 begleitet und seither verschiedentliche Innovationen erfahren hat, steht eine vergleichbare Reflexion der Arbeit von Archivar_innen für Literatur noch aus. Vor dem Hintergrund einer unter dem Schlagwort ‚affective turn‘ versammelten Vielzahl historischer, epistemologischer und soziologischer Zugänge zu Affekten, Emotionen, Gefühlen sollen Möglichkeiten einer systematischen Reflexion im Sinne einer ‚teilnehmenden Objektivierung‘ (Bourdieu) archivarischer Arbeit erkundet werden.
    Keywords: Literaturarchiv ; affective turn ; Archivtheorie ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLZ Museology and heritage studies
    Language: German
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    Prisms of Work (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The phenomenon of labour takes the character of a prism. Labour is thereby always context dependent and constituted through the actions of all protagonists involved in any labour relationship. On the basis of three case studies in colonial German East Africa – the construction of the Central Railway (1905–1916), the Otto Plantation in Kilossa (1907–1916) and the palaeontological Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1911) – labour and labour relations are analysed. The focus lies on hitherto neglected actors and groups of actors of labour in the colonial context of East Africa. These were especially German companies and their staff, white subaltern railway sub-contractors and labour recruiters, Indian skilled workers and (qualified) East African workers. Furthermore, all three sites of labour proved to have their individual logics and characteristics. But all of them were in tension between the ‘global’ and the ‘local’, coercion and voluntariness, machine and manual labour, skilled and unskilled labour, reproductive and wage labour, as well as between black and white. Michael Rösser’s dissertation has been awarded with ‘honorary distinction’ by the European Network in Universal and Global History (ENIUGH). ; The phenomenon of labour takes the character of a prism. Labour is thereby always context dependent and constituted through the actions of all protagonists involved in any labour relationship. On the basis of three case studies in colonial German East Africa – the construction of the Central Railway (1905–1916), the Otto Plantation in Kilossa (1907–1916) and the palaeontological Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1911) – labour and labour relations are analysed. The focus lies on hitherto neglected actors and groups of actors of labour in the colonial context of East Africa. These were especially German companies and their staff, white subaltern railway sub-contractors and labour recruiters, Indian skilled workers and (qualified) East African workers. Furthermore, all three sites of labour proved to have their individual logics and characteristics. But all of them were in tension between the ‘global’ and the ‘local’, coercion and voluntariness, machine and manual labour, skilled and unskilled labour, reproductive and wage labour, as well as between black and white. Michael Rösser’s dissertation has been awarded with ‘honorary distinction’ by the European Network in Universal and Global History (ENIUGH).
    Keywords: Arbeit ; Globalgeschichte ; Ostafrika ; Kolonialismus ; Infrastruktur ; Global history ; labour ; East Africa ; Colonialism ; Infrastructure ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTK Industrialisation and industrial history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence
    Language: English
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    Vedānta, Bhakti, and Their Early Modern Sources (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-24
    Description: This volume considers the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka (c. 1760 CE), an allegorical drama composed by Brajvāsīdās in Brajbhāṣā. It contributes to the study of vernacular nāṭakas with its first complete English translation. Moreover, the critical analysis shows that the foundational Sanskrit texts for Vedānta and those for Bhakti play a part in the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka’s philosophical and religious edifice. At the same time, the investigation demonstrates that Brajvāsīdās expresses several philosophical ideas by adaptively reusing the Rāmcaritmānas by Tulsīdās (c. 1574 CE). Brajvāsīdās composes a dohā by combining one line of his invention with a line from the Mānas. This method is employed throughout all the personified metaphysical concepts. That Brajvāsī not only read Bhakti but also Vedānta through the Rāmcaritmānas highlights the philosophical and literary creativity in 18th c. North India. It points to the necessity to rethink the sources of Vedānta philosophies, by including works non-conventional for language and genre, because not in Sanskrit and not śāstras. Such sources may not be original in their contribution per se but are essential to understand how early modern philosophy was done, conceived and transmitted. ; This volume considers the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka (c. 1760 CE), an allegorical drama composed by Brajvāsīdās in Brajbhāṣā. It contributes to the study of vernacular nāṭakas with its first complete English translation. Moreover, the critical analysis shows that the foundational Sanskrit texts for Vedānta and those for Bhakti play a part in the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka’s philosophical and religious edifice. At the same time, the investigation demonstrates that Brajvāsīdās expresses several philosophical ideas by adaptively reusing the Rāmcaritmānas by Tulsīdās (c. 1574 CE). Brajvāsīdās composes a dohā by combining one line of his invention with a line from the Mānas. This method is employed throughout all the personified metaphysical concepts. That Brajvāsī not only read Bhakti but also Vedānta through the Rāmcaritmānas highlights the philosophical and literary creativity in 18th c. North India. It points to the necessity to rethink the sources of Vedānta philosophies, by including works non-conventional for language and genre, because not in Sanskrit and not śāstras. Such sources may not be original in their contribution per se but are essential to understand how early modern philosophy was done, conceived and transmitted.
    Keywords: Vedānta ; Bhakti ; Early Modern ; Vernacular ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTB Regional studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Cultural Heritage and Slavery (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the recent cultural heritage boom, community-based and national identity projects are intertwined with interest in cultural tourism and sites of the memory of enslavement. Questions of historical guilt and present responsibility have become a source of social conflict, particularly in multicultural societies with an enslaving past. This became apparent in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020, when statues of enslavers and colonizers were toppled, controversial debates about streets and places named after them re-ignited, and the European Union apologized for slavery after the racist murder of George Floyd. Related debates focus on museums, on artworks acquired unjustly in societies under colonial rule, the question of whether and how museums should narrate the hidden past of enslavement and colonialism, including their own colonial origins with respect to narratives about presumed European supremacy, and the need to establish new monuments for the enslaved, their resistance, and abolitionists of African descent. In this volume, we address this dissonant cultural heritage in Europe, with a strong focus on the tangible remains of enslavement in the Atlantic space in the continent. This may concern, for instance, the residences of royal, noble, and bourgeois enslavers; charitable and cultural institutions, universities, banks, and insurance companies, financed by the traders and owners of enslaved Africans; merchants who dealt in sugar, coffee, and cotton; and the owners of factories who profited from exports to the African and Caribbean markets related to Atlantic slavery. ; In the recent cultural heritage boom, community-based and national identity projects are intertwined with interest in cultural tourism and sites of the memory of enslavement. Questions of historical guilt and present responsibility have become a source of social conflict, particularly in multicultural societies with an enslaving past. This became apparent in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020, when statues of enslavers and colonizers were toppled, controversial debates about streets and places named after them re-ignited, and the European Union apologized for slavery after the racist murder of George Floyd. Related debates focus on museums, on artworks acquired unjustly in societies under colonial rule, the question of whether and how museums should narrate the hidden past of enslavement and colonialism, including their own colonial origins with respect to narratives about presumed European supremacy, and the need to establish new monuments for the enslaved, their resistance, and abolitionists of African descent. In this volume, we address this dissonant cultural heritage in Europe, with a strong focus on the tangible remains of enslavement in the Atlantic space in the continent. This may concern, for instance, the residences of royal, noble, and bourgeois enslavers; charitable and cultural institutions, universities, banks, and insurance companies, financed by the traders and owners of enslaved Africans; merchants who dealt in sugar, coffee, and cotton; and the owners of factories who profited from exports to the African and Caribbean markets related to Atlantic slavery.
    Keywords: Postkolonialismus ; Entkolonialisierung ; Diversität ; Postcolonialism ; decolonialization ; diversity ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence
    Language: English
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    "1968" - Eine Wahrnehmungsrevolution? (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Ist die 68er-Bewegung "kulturell erfolgreich" gewesen, aber "politisch gescheitert"? Die sechs Studien des Bandes loten die Strukturveränderungen und Grenzverschiebungen des Politischen in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren aus, um die Wirkungen der 68er-Bewegung zu erfassen. Sie wenden sich dem Theater als potentiellem Medium der Inszenierung des Politischen zu, dem Fernsehen als Vermittler und Akteur gesellschaftlicher Proteste, dem "Kursbuch" als Forum der Protestbewegung, ausgewählten Zeitungsredaktionen als Möglichkeitsräumen, der Geschichte einer 1968 geschaffenen Gegeninstitution sowie den andauernden Deutungskämpfen um die "wahre" Erinnerung an "68".; Ist die 68er-Bewegung "kulturell erfolgreich" gewesen, aber "politisch gescheitert"? Die sechs Studien des Bandes loten die Strukturveränderungen und Grenzverschiebungen des Politischen in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren aus, um die Wirkungen der 68er-Bewegung zu erfassen. Sie wenden sich dem Theater als potentiellem Medium der Inszenierung des Politischen zu, dem Fernsehen als Vermittler und Akteur gesellschaftlicher Proteste, dem "Kursbuch" als Forum der Protestbewegung, ausgewählten Zeitungsredaktionen als Möglichkeitsräumen, der Geschichte einer 1968 geschaffenen Gegeninstitution sowie den andauernden Deutungskämpfen um die "wahre" Erinnerung an "68".; Eine Publikation des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin.
    Keywords: Neue Linke ; 68er Bewegung ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Studentenrevolte ; Gesellschaftsgeschichte ; New Left ; 1968 movement ; West Germany ; student revolts ; social history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts
    Language: German
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    Susanne Günthner (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Der Band versammelt zentrale Arbeiten von Susanne Günthner, die in ihrer thematischen Vielfalt stets Sprache in ihrem Sitz im Leben, der Interaktion und in ihrer Fülle an sozialen und kulturellen Funktionen betrachten. Die vorliegenden Beiträge spiegeln dabei die Bandbreite ihrer langjährigen Forschung wider, die von der Analyse grammatischer Strukturen interaktionaler Sprache – wie z.B. Projektorkonstruktionen oder Diskursmarker – über die Beschäftigung mit sprachlichen Mustern in kommunikativen Praktiken und Gattungen bis hin zu anthropologisch-linguistischen Perspektiven u.a. auf doing gender, auf die kommunikative Konstruktion von Kultur oder auf Aspekte medizinischer Kommunikation reicht. ; Der Band versammelt zentrale Arbeiten von Susanne Günthner, die in ihrer thematischen Vielfalt stets Sprache in ihrem Sitz im Leben, der Interaktion und in ihrer Fülle an sozialen und kulturellen Funktionen betrachten. Die vorliegenden Beiträge spiegeln dabei die Bandbreite ihrer langjährigen Forschung wider, die von der Analyse grammatischer Strukturen interaktionaler Sprache – wie z.B. Projektorkonstruktionen oder Diskursmarker – über die Beschäftigung mit sprachlichen Mustern in kommunikativen Praktiken und Gattungen bis hin zu anthropologisch-linguistischen Perspektiven u.a. auf doing gender, auf die kommunikative Konstruktion von Kultur oder auf Aspekte medizinischer Kommunikation reicht.
    Keywords: Interaktionale Linguistik ; Anthropologische Linguistik ; Prosodieforschung ; Konversationsanalyse ; Interactional Linguistics ; Anthropological Linguistics ; Prosody Research ; Conversation Analysis ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: German
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    Tagzeitentexte des Mittelalters (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: “Tagzeitentexte” are texts structured according to the prayer schedules used by clergy for daily services. They provide special insight into the structure and usage of medieval prayer-books, given their prominence as one of the largest groups of texts. For the first time, this study provides a scholarly survey of these diverse texts.
    Keywords: prayer book ; spiritual literature ; Middle Ages ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval
    Language: German
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    Private Sector Development in an Emerging World (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book explores the interactions between private sector development, public policies and societal institutions with a strong view on contributing to sustainable and inclusive development in emerging countries. The private sector is often praised as an engine of economic growth. This belief has led to significant efforts to promote private sector development in emerging countries. Development agencies prioritize private sector development and national governments are following suit, resulting in often huge incentives to stimulate and attract private investment. However, private sector development is not a panacea for sustainable and inclusive development as the past decades have clearly shown. Economic growth, societal development and environmental sustainability are often in a sharp conflict; and more often than not economic growth has failed to improve the lives of all citizens. This book examines the role the state and the private sector should play to benefit from the dynamics of business development, while ensuring that these benefits are shared broadly without jeopardizing sustainability. The views presented differ in detail, but the analyses and case studies presented share common themes, namely that the relative roles of state and private sector of should be balanced and that this particular balance should be based on the context of each country in order to make the private-public sector interaction work for all people. ; This book explores the interactions between private sector development, public policies and societal institutions with a strong view on contributing to sustainable and inclusive development in emerging countries. The private sector is often praised as an engine of economic growth. This belief has led to significant efforts to promote private sector development in emerging countries. Development agencies prioritize private sector development and national governments are following suit, resulting in often huge incentives to stimulate and attract private investment. However, private sector development is not a panacea for sustainable and inclusive development as the past decades have clearly shown. Economic growth, societal development and environmental sustainability are often in a sharp conflict; and more often than not economic growth has failed to improve the lives of all citizens. This book examines the role the state and the private sector should play to benefit from the dynamics of business development, while ensuring that these benefits are shared broadly without jeopardizing sustainability. The views presented differ in detail, but the analyses and case studies presented share common themes, namely that the relative roles of state and private sector of should be balanced and that this particular balance should be based on the context of each country in order to make the private-public sector interaction work for all people.
    Keywords: Privatsektor ; Schwellenländer ; Nachhaltiges Wachstum ; Entwicklungskonzept ; Private Sector Development ; Industrial Policy ; Innovation ; Inclusive Growth ; Sustainability ; Political Economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJB Business studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJD Business innovation
    Language: English
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    Rome’s Apostolic Heritage (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Guglielmo Sirleto has generally been acknowledged as a crucial contributor to defending the papacy’s claims over St Peter’s primacy, including the apostle’s legendary arrival to Rome before his martyrdom. Sirleto established himself as a pivotal prelate, who assisted Pope Paul IV in rearranging the ceremonial apparatus for the solemn celebrations of the Cathedra Petri (St Peter’s Throne). Scholars, however, were unable to properly examine his De praestantia basilicae Vaticanae, because the manuscripts of this discourse were never completely identified. The edition of this treatise will therefore primarily provide a reconstruction of Sirleto’s working methods in readjusting the ceremonial solemnities prescribed for the feast day of the Cathedra Petri according to Curial Ceremony. The second discourse concerns, on the other hand, a description of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore on the Esquiline Hill, which Sirleto composed for the Cardinal Bishop of Milan, Carlo Borromeo. In contrast to the edition of the first discourse in this volume, the Trattato sopra la chiesa di Santa Maria Maggiore is presented according to the correspondence between Borromeo and Sirleto. ; Guglielmo Sirleto has generally been acknowledged as a crucial contributor to defending the papacy’s claims over St Peter’s primacy, including the apostle’s legendary arrival to Rome before his martyrdom. Sirleto established himself as a pivotal prelate, who assisted Pope Paul IV in rearranging the ceremonial apparatus for the solemn celebrations of the Cathedra Petri (St Peter’s Throne). Scholars, however, were unable to properly examine his De praestantia basilicae Vaticanae, because the manuscripts of this discourse were never completely identified. The edition of this treatise will therefore primarily provide a reconstruction of Sirleto’s working methods in readjusting the ceremonial solemnities prescribed for the feast day of the Cathedra Petri according to Curial Ceremony. The second discourse concerns, on the other hand, a description of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore on the Esquiline Hill, which Sirleto composed for the Cardinal Bishop of Milan, Carlo Borromeo. In contrast to the edition of the first discourse in this volume, the Trattato sopra la chiesa di Santa Maria Maggiore is presented according to the correspondence between Borromeo and Sirleto.
    Keywords: Guglielmo Sirleto ; Frühe Neuzeit ; Papsttum ; Römische Kurie ; Roman curia ; Early modern period ; papacy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: English
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    Der Herrscher im Massenmedium (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Auch wenn im Zuge des Iconic-Turns Historiker vermehrt auf Bildquellen zurückgriffen, so blieben die verbreitetsten Bildmedien der poströmischen Zeit, nämlich Münzen und Siegel, in Handbüchern und Studien unterrepräsentiert. Zu europäischen Herrschersiegeln dieser Zeit existiert bis heute nicht einmal ein Corpus. Dieser Band greift ebendiese Lücke auf, um die politische Kommunikation mittels Herrscherbildern auf Massenmedien der Franken im ständigen Vergleich mit denen anderer poströmischen Kulturen (Oströmer, Angelsachsen, Langobarden, Westgoten etc.) zu untersuchen und die teils höchst unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen zu erklären. Dabei wird auch vor heißdiskutierten Themen wie dem „Monetarierwesen" oder der „arabo-byzantinischen" Münzprägung nicht haltgemacht. Die so entstandene Makrohistorie bietet zukünftigen Forschenden einen guten Ausgangspunkt für weitere Studien. ; Auch wenn im Zuge des Iconic-Turns Historiker vermehrt auf Bildquellen zurückgriffen, so blieben die verbreitetsten Bildmedien der poströmischen Zeit, nämlich Münzen und Siegel, in Handbüchern und Studien unterrepräsentiert. Zu europäischen Herrschersiegeln dieser Zeit existiert bis heute nicht einmal ein Corpus. Dieser Band greift ebendiese Lücke auf, um die politische Kommunikation mittels Herrscherbildern auf Massenmedien der Franken im ständigen Vergleich mit denen anderer poströmischen Kulturen (Oströmer, Angelsachsen, Langobarden, Westgoten etc.) zu untersuchen und die teils höchst unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen zu erklären. Dabei wird auch vor heißdiskutierten Themen wie dem „Monetarierwesen" oder der „arabo-byzantinischen" Münzprägung nicht haltgemacht. Die so entstandene Makrohistorie bietet zukünftigen Forschenden einen guten Ausgangspunkt für weitere Studien.
    Keywords: Numismatik ; Siegelkunde ; Mittelalter ; Herrscherbildnis ; Middle Ages ; numismatics ; image of rulers ; seals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables
    Language: German
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    Mediality on Trial (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This volume addresses controversies connected to the testing of the capacities and potentials of mediums. Today we commonly　associate the term medium with the technical communication between transmitters and receivers. Yet this term likewise applies to　those who cooperate with agencies that exceed the presumed domain of the material world. Insofar as one presumes a division　between distinctly opposed categories of religion and the secular, technical media tend to be associated with the secular and human　(trance) mediums tend to be associated with religion after 1900. This volume concerns the ways in which the term　medium still marks an overlapping of – and thus problematizes – the aforementioned division between religion and the secular, the　personal and the technological.The term medium carries with it a seed of doubt that is itself inseparable from investment in the medium's power: insofar as they　communicate with an other realm, mediums offer the hope and promise of new possibilities and improved efficiency, and thus of a　better life yet they have simultaneously been under suspicion of altering (or even inventing) the messages they communicate. It is due　to this combination of promise and suspicion that mediumism has tended to evoke scientific, religious, and moral controversies. Thus,　we can speak of a mediumistic trial – that is, a process in which a medium is put to the test concerning its potentials and　trustworthiness. Around 1800, experts were asked if a modern secular institution would be capable of inspiring, domesticating or　excluding trance mediumship. This question has stayed with us ever since, and the answers have remained inconclusive. That is why　the past and present of mediumship may be asked to elucidate each other.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Thinking with the South (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This volume brings together a series of discussions by scholars from a range of disciplinary, (trans)regional and epistemic perspectives that came out of the Berlin-based "co2libri" networking initiative, with longstanding collaborative partners based in the global South. "Co2libri" stands for "conceptual collaboration: living borderless research interaction". As an interdisciplinary and transregional oriented initiative, co2libri envisages a multicentric perspective that integrates neglected positions of Southern theory and praxis into the heart of academic conversations. Co2libri’s collaborative endeavor builds on long-standing active connections with partners in Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. Instead of setting an agenda from the North, it proposes to figure out ways forward through collaborative engagement, building on relationships of mutual trust. Using formats that facilitate substantial and open-ended discussion, we are re-thinking theory and method, academic practices, and research ethics, while keeping material inequalities in view. Contributors to this edited volume are working toward the implementation of various innovative activities, research perspectives and collaboration formats which all subscribe to the principle of dialogue on equal footing with scholars and activists based in divergent positionalities along and beyond the Global North-South divide. In different ways, the authors work toward the goal of producing more adequate, and more sensitive, critical knowledge, and applying a fresh view to approach, methods, and ethical standards. Overall, the volume works, sometimes in exploratory ways, with alternative frames of reference while it presents diverse theorizations of lived experiences. ; This volume brings together a series of discussions by scholars from a range of disciplinary, (trans)regional and epistemic perspectives that came out of the Berlin-based "co2libri" networking initiative, with longstanding collaborative partners based in the global South. "Co2libri" stands for "conceptual collaboration: living borderless research interaction". As an interdisciplinary and transregional oriented initiative, co2libri envisages a multicentric perspective that integrates neglected positions of Southern theory and praxis into the heart of academic conversations. Co2libri’s collaborative endeavor builds on long-standing active connections with partners in Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. Instead of setting an agenda from the North, it proposes to figure out ways forward through collaborative engagement, building on relationships of mutual trust. Using formats that facilitate substantial and open-ended discussion, we are re-thinking theory and method, academic practices, and research ethics, while keeping material inequalities in view. Contributors to this edited volume are working toward the implementation of various innovative activities, research perspectives and collaboration formats which all subscribe to the principle of dialogue on equal footing with scholars and activists based in divergent positionalities along and beyond the Global North-South divide. In different ways, the authors work toward the goal of producing more adequate, and more sensitive, critical knowledge, and applying a fresh view to approach, methods, and ethical standards. Overall, the volume works, sometimes in exploratory ways, with alternative frames of reference while it presents diverse theorizations of lived experiences.
    Keywords: Decolonial thought ; science criticism ; Southern theory ; (trans)regional history ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHQ History of other geographical groupings and regions ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam::QRPP Islamic life and practice
    Language: English
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    Poetry and Contemporary Visual Culture / Lyrik und zeitgenössische Visuelle Kultur (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: This book’s goal is to determine the significance of visual culture in the production of contemporary poetry and to sound out the insights poetry might generate into contemporary visual culture. Its main hypothesis is that poetry holds considerable potential for (post-)digital language, image, and media criticism. The visual dimensions of recent poetry encompass, for instance, kinetic writing in digital poetry, visual elements in social media poems, and (spoken and written) text-image interactions in poetry films as well as in book poetry. The articles examine these medial correlations and their political implications by asking how visual culture is applied, exposed, and debated in poetry. This volume brings together contributions by authors from various countries working in disciplines such as literary, media, and film studies, linguistics, cultural and visual culture studies, and in poetic practice. It covers poetry in English, German, Norwegian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbian, and also multilingual works. The book thus aims to promote international exchange between poetry researchers and stimulate further investigation into current relations between poetry and visuality from additional research perspectives and languages. ; This book’s goal is to determine the significance of visual culture in the production of contemporary poetry and to sound out the insights poetry might generate into contemporary visual culture. Its main hypothesis is that poetry holds considerable potential for (post-)digital language, image, and media criticism. The visual dimensions of recent poetry encompass, for instance, kinetic writing in digital poetry, visual elements in social media poems, and (spoken and written) text-image interactions in poetry films as well as in book poetry. The articles examine these medial correlations and their political implications by asking how visual culture is applied, exposed, and debated in poetry. This volume brings together contributions by authors from various countries working in disciplines such as literary, media, and film studies, linguistics, cultural and visual culture studies, and in poetic practice. It covers poetry in English, German, Norwegian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbian, and also multilingual works. The book thus aims to promote international exchange between poetry researchers and stimulate further investigation into current relations between poetry and visuality from additional research perspectives and languages.
    Keywords: Poetry in the Digital Age ; Visual Culture ; Language and Media Criticism ; Poetic and Sociopolitical Practices ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DC Poetry ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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    The Science-Media Interface (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Saur
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The publication and distribution of scientific results is of major importance for the functioning of an information society and the tackling of the complex challenges the world faces today. It is not only scholars who rely on scientific publications to advance research but also the general public which demands scientific knowledge for its forthcoming. Major suppliers of scientific knowledge are the researchers themselves, science communicators and science journalists – each of which choose their very own approaches to selection, presentation and communication of science, often depending on the target group. Although different in their goals and approaches, digital media in particular has led to great overlaps which result in interwoven relationships equally affecting both external and internal forms of science communication. This edited book describes, quantifies and critically discusses the interplay between publisher- and journalism-driven science communication and its effect on the scholarly communication system, especially on the measures of impact evaluation. It is of major interest to researchers from science of science, bibliometrics, science communication, and journalism studies. ; The publication and distribution of scientific results is of major importance for the functioning of an information society and the tackling of the complex challenges the world faces today. It is not only scholars who rely on scientific publications to advance research but also the general public which demands scientific knowledge for its forthcoming. Major suppliers of scientific knowledge are the researchers themselves, science communicators and science journalists – each of which choose their very own approaches to selection, presentation and communication of science, often depending on the target group. Although different in their goals and approaches, digital media in particular has led to great overlaps which result in interwoven relationships equally affecting both external and internal forms of science communication. This edited book describes, quantifies and critically discusses the interplay between publisher- and journalism-driven science communication and its effect on the scholarly communication system, especially on the measures of impact evaluation. It is of major interest to researchers from science of science, bibliometrics, science communication, and journalism studies.
    Keywords: Information Science ; Wissenschaftskommunikation ; Bibliometrie ; Wissenschaftspublizistik ; Science communication ; bibliometrics ; scholarly communication ; science journalism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies
    Language: English
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    Networks and Practices of Connoisseurship in the Global Eighteenth Century (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The 18th century was the age of the connoisseur. It was also an era of an expanding global consciousness born of accelerating trade and imperial conquest. This volume puts into dialogue the consolidation of connoisseurship as an empirical mode of artistic analysis in Europe and Asia and the increasing exposure to different modes of artmaking facilitated by local and global networks over the course of the long 18th century. Focusing on exchanges between India, Japan, China and Europe, the contributors to this volume examine the complex and nuanced impacts on connoisseurial practice of encounters with artworks from different regions of the globe, the international networks that made those encounters possible, and the intricate transactions through which connoisseurial knowledge of art was generated. Expansive focus on practices and networks in India, Japan, and Europe in the 18th century Complexities and asymmetries of connoisseurship in an expanding world ; The 18th century was the age of the connoisseur. It was also an era of an expanding global consciousness born of accelerating trade and imperial conquest. This volume puts into dialogue the consolidation of connoisseurship as an empirical mode of artistic analysis in Europe and Asia and the increasing exposure to different modes of artmaking facilitated by local and global networks over the course of the long 18th century. Focusing on exchanges between India, Japan, China and Europe, the contributors to this volume examine the complex and nuanced impacts on connoisseurial practice of encounters with artworks from different regions of the globe, the international networks that made those encounters possible, and the intricate transactions through which connoisseurial knowledge of art was generated. Expansive focus on practices and networks in India, Japan, and Europe in the 18th century Complexities and asymmetries of connoisseurship in an expanding world ; Das 18. Jahrhundert war das Zeitalter der Kunstkenner:in und zugleich Ära eines globalen Bewusstseins, das aus dem sich beschleunigenden Handel und imperialen Eroberungen hervorging. Diese Publikation bringt die Kennerschaft, die sich als empirische Methode der Kunstanalyse in Europa und Asien etablierte, in einen Dialog mit der zunehmenden Auseinandersetzung mit unterschiedlichen Formen des Kunstschaffens, die im Verlauf des langen 18. Jahrhunderts durch lokale und globale Netzwerke ermöglicht wurde. Die Autor:innen des Buches nehmen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Indien, Japan, China und Europa in den Blick und untersuchen, wie sich Begegnungen mit Kunstwerken aus verschiedenen Regionen der Welt auf die Praxis der Kunstkennerschaft in Asien und Europa auswirkten. Praktiken und Netzwerke in Indien, Japan und Europa des 18. Jahrhunderts Komplexität und Asymmetrien der Kunstkennerschaft in einer expandierenden Welt
    Keywords: Kunst ; 18. Jahrhundert ; Kennerschaft ; globale Netzwerke ; kultureller Austausch ; Kunstsammlung ; Kunstmarkt ; Antiquitätenhandel ; Indien ; Japan ; Mogul Malerei ; Surimono ; art 18th century ; Connoisseurship ; global networks ; cultural exchange ; art collection ; art market ; antiques ; India ; Mughal painting ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics::ABA Theory of art ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MG 17th century, c 1600 to c 1699 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3ML 18th century, c 1700 to c 1799 ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    Sign Multilingualism (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Mouton
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This volume has arisen from a three-part, five-year study on language contact among multilingual sign language users, which has three strands: cross-signing, sign-switching, and sign-speaking. These phenomena are only sparsely documented so far, and thus the volume is highly innovative and presents data and analyses not previously available.
    Keywords: Sign Language ; Multilingualism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFZ Sign languages, Braille and other linguistic communication
    Language: English
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    Intonation between phrasing and accent (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Are our concepts from prosodic typology, like word stress, pitch accent, head-/edge-prominence, really that tightly linked to individual languages? How are meanings often signaled via intonation in European languages, like information structure and sentence type, expressed in communicative acts between speakers who are bilingual in such a European language, Spanish, and one in which many of these meanings are expressed by morphology, Quechua? Based on semi-spontaneous dialogical elicitation data in both Spanish and Quechua gathered via fieldwork in the bilingual community of Huari, Peru, this work provides some challenging answers to these questions. Besides being the first detailed description of the prosody of a Central Quechuan language, it provides an in-depth study of the intonational systems and prosodic structures of the two languages and shows that their variation spaces overlap to a large extent, in turns exhibiting or not exhibiting evidence of word stress, pitch accents, lexical pitch accents in loanwords, and head- or edge-prominence. ; Are our concepts from prosodic typology, like word stress, pitch accent, head-/edge-prominence, really that tightly linked to individual languages? How are meanings often signaled via intonation in European languages, like information structure and sentence type, expressed in communicative acts between speakers who are bilingual in such a European language, Spanish, and one in which many of these meanings are expressed by morphology, Quechua? Based on semi-spontaneous dialogical elicitation data in both Spanish and Quechua gathered via fieldwork in the bilingual community of Huari, Peru, this work provides some challenging answers to these questions. Besides being the first detailed description of the prosody of a Central Quechuan language, it provides an in-depth study of the intonational systems and prosodic structures of the two languages and shows that their variation spaces overlap to a large extent, in turns exhibiting or not exhibiting evidence of word stress, pitch accents, lexical pitch accents in loanwords, and head- or edge-prominence.
    Keywords: Intonation ; Spanisch ; Quechua-Sprache ; Sprachtypologie ; Spanish ; Quechua ; language typology ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFH Phonetics, phonology
    Language: English
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    Variation in Indonesian Sign Language (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Mouton
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This pioneering work on Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO) explores the linguistic and social factors that lie behind variation in the grammatical domains of negation and completion. Using a corpus of spontaneous data from signers in the cities of Solo and Makassar, Palfreyman applies an innovative blend of methods from sign language typology and Variationist Sociolinguistics, with findings that have important implications for our understanding of grammaticalisation in sign languages. The book will be of interest to linguists and sociolinguists, including those without prior experience of sign language research, and to all who are curious about the history of Indonesia’s urban sign community. Nick Palfreyman is a Leverhulme Early Career Research Fellow at the International Institute for Sign Languages and Deaf Studies (iSLanDS), University of Central Lancashire.
    Keywords: Sign Languages ; Grammaticalisation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFZ Sign languages, Braille and other linguistic communication
    Language: English
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    Islamic Law in Early Modern Iran (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Historical studies on the practice of Islamic law (sharīʿa) tend to focus on practice in a Sunni setting during the Mamluk or Ottoman periods. This book decenters Sunni and Mamluk and Ottoman normativity by investigating the practice of sharīʿa in a Twelver Shiʿi Persian-speaking milieu, in early modern Iran between the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. Drawing on documentary evidence and narrative sources, it reconstructs who the practitioners of Islamic law were, how they authenticated, annulled, and archived legal documents, and how they intervened in the resolution of disputes over religious endowments (waqf). The study demonstrates that following Iran's conversion to Twelver Shiʿism under the Safavids, the dominance of Uṣūlī Shiʿi legal theory, which conferred judicial authority on scholars recognized as Shiʿi jurists (mujathids), affected both the practitioners of Islamic law and the procedures of sharīʿa court practice in Iran. Shiʿi jurists in Iran, as a result, would come to exercise by the end of the nineteenth century a judicial monopoly over valid sharīʿa court practice thus laying the foundation for Ayatollah Khomeini's extension, during the Iranian revolution, of the authority of the Shiʿi jurist over political affairs. ; Historical studies on the practice of Islamic law (sharīʿa) tend to focus on practice in a Sunni setting during the Mamluk or Ottoman periods. This book decenters Sunni and Mamluk and Ottoman normativity by investigating the practice of sharīʿa in a Twelver Shiʿi Persian-speaking milieu, in early modern Iran between the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. Drawing on documentary evidence and narrative sources, it reconstructs who the practitioners of Islamic law were, how they authenticated, annulled, and archived legal documents, and how they intervened in the resolution of disputes over religious endowments (waqf). The study demonstrates that following Iran's conversion to Twelver Shiʿism under the Safavids, the dominance of Uṣūlī Shiʿi legal theory, which conferred judicial authority on scholars recognized as Shiʿi jurists (mujathids), affected both the practitioners of Islamic law and the procedures of sharīʿa court practice in Iran. Shiʿi jurists in Iran, as a result, would come to exercise by the end of the nineteenth century a judicial monopoly over valid sharīʿa court practice thus laying the foundation for Ayatollah Khomeini's extension, during the Iranian revolution, of the authority of the Shiʿi jurist over political affairs.
    Keywords: Islam ; Islamische Staaten ; Naher Osten ; Transnationalität ; Islamic law ; Iran ; Sharia ; Safavid ; Afghan ; Afshar ; Zand ; Qajar periods ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHQ History of other geographical groupings and regions ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam::QRPP Islamic life and practice ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFS Systems of law: Islamic law
    Language: English
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    Die Welt ist Gottes (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2024 Karl Barths Theologie wird gemeinhin – und zurecht – als Widerspruch gegen die Säkularisierung der Kirche in der Neuzeit gelesen. Inwiefern sie zugleich den Versuch darstellt, theologisch adäquat auf die Säkularisierung der die Kirche umgebenden Gesellschaft zu reagieren, hat die bisherige Forschung erst in Ansätzen ausgeleuchtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie Barth ganz konkret auf das sich vollziehende Ende der ‚christlichen Welt‘ im europäischen Kontext reagiert hat. Sie fragt: Welche ekklesiologischen und sozialethischen Umstellungen ermöglichten es Barth, die partikulare Existenz der Kirche in einem nichtchristlichen Umfeld theologisch zu affirmieren? Und welche Denkmuster prägten seine „Theologie der Welt", d.h. die von ihm vorgeschlagene theologische Bestimmung nichtchristlicher Menschen, des säkularen Staates und der profanen Kultur insgesamt? Dabei wird die These plausibilisiert, dass Barth angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Säkularisierungsprozesse seiner Zeit eine umfassende christologisch-inklusive Theologie der Welt entwickelte, die von Christi Wirken auch in einer säkularen Gesellschaft ausging – und dass diese Welttheologie in Barths Denken zur Ausbildung charakteristischer Stärken und Schwächen geführt hat. ; Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2024 Karl Barths Theologie wird gemeinhin – und zurecht – als Widerspruch gegen die Säkularisierung der Kirche in der Neuzeit gelesen. Inwiefern sie zugleich den Versuch darstellt, theologisch adäquat auf die Säkularisierung der die Kirche umgebenden Gesellschaft zu reagieren, hat die bisherige Forschung erst in Ansätzen ausgeleuchtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie Barth ganz konkret auf das sich vollziehende Ende der ‚christlichen Welt‘ im europäischen Kontext reagiert hat. Sie fragt: Welche ekklesiologischen und sozialethischen Umstellungen ermöglichten es Barth, die partikulare Existenz der Kirche in einem nichtchristlichen Umfeld theologisch zu affirmieren? Und welche Denkmuster prägten seine „Theologie der Welt", d.h. die von ihm vorgeschlagene theologische Bestimmung nichtchristlicher Menschen, des säkularen Staates und der profanen Kultur insgesamt? Dabei wird die These plausibilisiert, dass Barth angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Säkularisierungsprozesse seiner Zeit eine umfassende christologisch-inklusive Theologie der Welt entwickelte, die von Christi Wirken auch in einer säkularen Gesellschaft ausging – und dass diese Welttheologie in Barths Denken zur Ausbildung charakteristischer Stärken und Schwächen geführt hat.
    Keywords: Karl Barth ; Säkularisierung ; Welt ; 20. Jahrhundert ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVG Theology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRY Alternative belief systems::QRYA Humanist and secular alternatives to religion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVG Theology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRY Alternative belief systems::QRYA Humanist and secular alternatives to religion
    Language: German
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    Baccio Bandinelli e le anatomie degli scartafacci (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This study, based on extensive archival research, sheds light on the writings attributed to the sixteenth-century sculptor Baccio Bandinelli (Libro del disegno, Memoriale) and analyses them in their historical and artistic context, while offering a portrait of the erudite activity of Bandinelli's grandson, Baccio the Younger, within the broader framework of early modern genealogical culture in Florence. ; This study, based on extensive archival research, sheds light on the writings attributed to the sixteenth-century sculptor Baccio Bandinelli (Libro del disegno, Memoriale) and analyses them in their historical and artistic context, while offering a portrait of the erudite activity of Bandinelli's grandson, Baccio the Younger, within the broader framework of early modern genealogical culture in Florence. ; La monografia esplora, alla luce di un’articolata ricerca archivistica, alcune questioni riguardanti le scritture attribuite allo scultore Baccio Bandinelli (1493–1560), la fortuna coeva e postuma dell’artista, la trasmissione e la dispersione dell’archivio di famiglia. Il volume comprende un’edizione critica e commentata sia dei frammenti del Libro del disegno, trattato autografo e idiografo del Bandinelli, sia del Memoriale, apocrifo secentesco messo a punto sotto la supervisione del nipote dell’artista, l’erudito Baccio Bandinelli il Giovane (1579–1636). Se il Libro del disegno viene inquadrato nell’ambito della trattatistica d’arte rinascimentale, con particolare riguardo al rapporto dello scultore con Anton Francesco Doni e all’influenza delle due lezioni accademiche di Benedetto Varchi sulle arti, il Memoriale è riletto, anche grazie al ritrovamento di documenti inediti, alla luce della complessa operazione di riordino archivistico e interpolazione documentaria attuata da Baccio il Giovane, riconducibile a prassi scrittorie comuni tra gli eruditi fiorentini del primo Seicento.
    Keywords: Bandinelli, Baccio ; Memoriale ; Disegno ; Baccio Bandinelli ; 16th-Century Italian Literature ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MG 17th century, c 1600 to c 1699 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3ML 18th century, c 1700 to c 1799 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers
    Language: Italian
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    Jüdinnen in der frühen italienischen Frauenbewegung (1861–1945) (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The study explores the experiences of Italian Jewish women in the context of Italian politics and society since the inception of the liberal unitary state, during the First World War, and under the fascist dictatorship through 1945. Using sources accessible for the first time, the study casts new light on 19th- and 20th-century Italian and Italian-Jewish history and its European and international connections.
    Keywords: Italy ; Women’s Movements ; Jewish Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRJ Judaism
    Language: German
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    Language Contact in Sanandaj (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Mouton
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting. ; This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting.
    Keywords: Neo-Armamaic ; Gorani ; Kurdisch ; Persisch ; Sprachkontakt ; Bedrohte Sprachen ; Neo-Aramaic ; Kurdish ; Persian ; Language Contact ; Language Endangerment ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFF Historical and comparative linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies
    Language: English
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    Political Silence of Youth in Togo (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: In the constrained socio-cultural, economic and political context of Sokodé, Central Togo, social hierarchies and distrust are defining factors for the intimacy of information. Towards this background, this book explores the usages and roles of mobile phones in everyday life in Sokodé, and links this to civic engagement. It shows that mobile phones do not necessarily lead to increased civic-ness, yet they do provide a sense of possibility.
    Keywords: ICT4D ; information gathering ; mobile communication ; mobile telephony ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa::1HF Sub-Saharan Africa::1HFD West Africa::1HFDT Togo ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history
    Language: English
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    Graffiti Scratched, Scrawled, Sprayed (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Over the last two decades, the study of graffiti has emerged as a bustling field, invigorated by increased appreciation for their historical, linguistic, sociological, and anthropological value and propelled by ambitious documentation projects. The growing understanding of graffiti as a perennial, universal phenomenon is spurring holistic consideration of this mode of graphic expression across time and space. Graffiti Scratched, Scrawled, Sprayed: Towards a Cross-Cultural Understanding complements recent efforts to showcase the diversity in creation, reception, and curation of graffiti around the globe, throughout history and up to the present day. reflecting on methodology, concepts, and terminology as well as spatial, social, and historical contexts of graffiti, the book’s fourteen chapters cover ancient Egypt, Rome, Northern Arabia, Persia, India, and the Maya; medieval Eastern Mediterranean, Turfan, and Dunhuang; and contemporary Tanzania, Brazil, China, and Germany. As a whole, the collection provides a comprehensive toolkit for newcomers to the field of graffiti studies and appeals to specialists interested in viewing these materials in a cross-cultural perspective. ; Over the last two decades, the study of graffiti has emerged as a bustling field, invigorated by increased appreciation for their historical, linguistic, sociological, and anthropological value and propelled by ambitious documentation projects. The growing understanding of graffiti as a perennial, universal phenomenon is spurring holistic consideration of this mode of graphic expression across time and space. Graffiti Scratched, Scrawled, Sprayed: Towards a Cross-Cultural Understanding complements recent efforts to showcase the diversity in creation, reception, and curation of graffiti around the globe, throughout history and up to the present day. reflecting on methodology, concepts, and terminology as well as spatial, social, and historical contexts of graffiti, the book’s fourteen chapters cover ancient Egypt, Rome, Northern Arabia, Persia, India, and the Maya; medieval Eastern Mediterranean, Turfan, and Dunhuang; and contemporary Tanzania, Brazil, China, and Germany. As a whole, the collection provides a comprehensive toolkit for newcomers to the field of graffiti studies and appeals to specialists interested in viewing these materials in a cross-cultural perspective.
    Keywords: Epigraphik ; Geschichte+Schreiben ; Archäologie ; Sozialgeschichte ; Epigraphy ; history of writing ; archaeology ; social history ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::6 Style qualifiers::6M Styles (M)::6MB Medieval style ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFJ Other graphic or visual art forms ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKD Archaeology by period / region ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500::3KL c 1000 CE to c 1500
    Language: English
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    Manuscript Albums and their Cultural Contexts (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Manuscript albums are oftentimes contradictory objects: ephemeral yet monumental, coherent yet inviting change. Collecting items made by others, owners form their albums as representations of their selves, their worlds, and their traditions. The volume’s contributors – who come from musicology, European history, English literary studies, and Islamic art history – explore a set of these challenging manuscripts while addressing questions of manuscript studies through their respective disciplinary lenses. The albums under investigation range from Early Modern Stammbücher, or alba amicorum, to albums assembled jointly by nineteenth-century cultural elites, and from muraqqaʿs of the Persianate world to English and North American friendship albums, including some kept by women. This book is the first contribution to the comparative study of manuscript albums, focusing on their materiality and analysing the practices of all those involved in making and using them. Moreover, the collection introduces this hard-to-grasp type of written artefact to the field of cross-disciplinary manuscript studies and suggests albums as a touchstone for manuscriptological theories and terminologies.; Manuscript albums are oftentimes contradictory objects: ephemeral yet monumental, coherent yet inviting change. Collecting items made by others, owners form their albums as representations of their selves, their worlds, and their traditions. The volume’s contributors – who come from musicology, European history, English literary studies, and Islamic art history – explore a set of these challenging manuscripts while addressing questions of manuscript studies through their respective disciplinary lenses. The albums under investigation range from Early Modern Stammbücher, or alba amicorum, to albums assembled jointly by nineteenth-century cultural elites, and from muraqqaʿs of the Persianate world to English and North American friendship albums, including some kept by women. This book is the first contribution to the comparative study of manuscript albums, focusing on their materiality and analysing the practices of all those involved in making and using them. Moreover, the collection introduces this hard-to-grasp type of written artefact to the field of cross-disciplinary manuscript studies and suggests albums as a touchstone for manuscriptological theories and terminologies.
    Keywords: Frühe Neuzeit ; Handschriftenkunde ; Album ; Sammlung ; Manuscript Studies ; Early Modern Times ; albums ; collections ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFF Drawing and drawings ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DND Diaries, letters and journals ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC2 Material culture
    Language: English
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    Revolutionserinnerung in der Frühen Neuzeit (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This study focuses on the 1688-89 "Glorious Revolution" to examine the commemoration of revolution in 18th century Great Britain. A key emphasis is placed on how the Revolution impacted and informed sociopolitical debate. The study illuminates the struggle over the accepted interpretation of the Revolution, and reveals how this struggle reconfigured historical narratives.
    Keywords: Commemorative culture ; 18th century ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: German
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    Passions, Politics and the Limits of Society (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The 1st part of the volume engages with the theme of inclusion and exclusion in the history of ideas from different perspectives. The 2nd part of the volume discusses debates on natural law, human nature and political economy in early-modern Europe. Its contributions explore the sorts of political and moral visions that were relevant in post-Hobbesian moral philosophy and the development of economic thought.
    Keywords: Intellectual History, History of Ideas, Early Modern History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Materialität und Medialität (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Ästhetische Akte und Artefakte sind durch ihre Materialien ebenso grundlegend bedingt wie durch die medialen Prozesse, in die sie eingebunden sind. Ausgehend von dieser Prämisse widmen sich die im Band versammelten Beiträge aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive einerseits den Eigenlogiken, Semantiken und Widerständigkeiten des Materials. Andererseits arbeiten sie mit der Medialität die ästhetisch zentrale Spannung zwischen künstlerischer Gestaltung und gesellschaftlich orientierten Vermittlungsfunktionen heraus. Dabei rücken die Materialität medialer Prozesse, die Vermitteltheit von Materialbezügen sowie Intermaterialität und Intermedialität als produktive Grenzüberschreitungen in den Fokus.; Ästhetische Akte und Artefakte sind durch ihre Materialien ebenso grundlegend bedingt wie durch die medialen Prozesse, in die sie eingebunden sind. Ausgehend von dieser Prämisse widmen sich die im Band versammelten Beiträge aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive einerseits den Eigenlogiken, Semantiken und Widerständigkeiten des Materials. Andererseits arbeiten sie mit der Medialität die ästhetisch zentrale Spannung zwischen künstlerischer Gestaltung und gesellschaftlich orientierten Vermittlungsfunktionen heraus. Dabei rücken die Materialität medialer Prozesse, die Vermitteltheit von Materialbezügen sowie Intermaterialität und Intermedialität als produktive Grenzüberschreitungen in den Fokus.; Aesthetic acts and artifacts are conditioned just as much by their materials as by the medial processes in which they are embedded. This interdisciplinary volume delves into the semantics and resistances of material as well as material’s own logic. On the other hand, it uses mediality to draw out the central aesthetic tension between artistic creation and the socially oriented functions of mediation.
    Keywords: Material ; Medium ; Intermedialität ; Intermaterialität ; Intermateriality ; Intermediality ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::6 Style qualifiers::6M Styles (M)::6MB Medieval style ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: German
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    Worlds Ending. Ending Worlds (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The notion of apocalypse is an age-old concept which has gained renewed interest in popular and scholarly discourse. The book highlights the versatile explications of apocalypse today, demonstrating that apocalyptic transformations – the various encounters with anthropogenic climate change, nuclear violence, polarized politics, colonial assault, and capitalist extractivism – navigate a range of interdisciplinary views on the present moment. Moving from old worlds to new worlds, from world-ending experiences to apocalyptic imaginaries and, finally, from authoritarianism to activism and advocacy, the contributions begin to map the emerging field of Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Studies. Foregrounding the myriad ways in which collective imaginations of apocalypse underpin ethical, political, and, sometimes, individual experience, the authors provide key points of reference for understanding old and new predicaments that are transforming our many worlds. ; The notion of apocalypse is an age-old concept which has gained renewed interest in popular and scholarly discourse. The book highlights the versatile explications of apocalypse today, demonstrating that apocalyptic transformations – the various encounters with anthropogenic climate change, nuclear violence, polarized politics, colonial assault, and capitalist extractivism – navigate a range of interdisciplinary views on the present moment. Moving from old worlds to new worlds, from world-ending experiences to apocalyptic imaginaries and, finally, from authoritarianism to activism and advocacy, the contributions begin to map the emerging field of Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Studies. Foregrounding the myriad ways in which collective imaginations of apocalypse underpin ethical, political, and, sometimes, individual experience, the authors provide key points of reference for understanding old and new predicaments that are transforming our many worlds.
    Keywords: Welt ; Weltuntergang ; Konzeptualisierung ; Covid-19 ; Klimawandel ; COVID-19 pandemic ; climate change ; apocalyptic transformation ; conceptualisation ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Interpreting and Translation for Agri-food Professionals in the Global Marketplace (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: In the context of an increasingly internationalized agri-food sector, this volume explores existing and new tools developed to help professionals with writing, interpreting and translating. Centered on the English-Spanish language pair, the contributions address a variety of terminology issues, the importance of intercultural understanding, the use of corpora, as well as the possibilities offered by automatic translation.
    Keywords: Agrobusiness ; Übersetzung ; Dolmetschen ; Sprachtechnologie ; agri-food ; translation ; interpreting ; language technology ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFP Translation and interpretation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFX Computational and corpus linguistics
    Language: English
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    Von der Gebärdensprache zur Schrift (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Für gehörlose Lernende stellt das Schreiben eine doppelte Herausforderung dar: Gebärdensprachen verfügen über keine Gebrauchsschrift, weshalb gehörlose Schreiber/-innen die Schrift der umgebenden Lautsprache verwenden. Diese unterscheidet sich jedoch in struktureller Hinsicht grundlegend von der Gebärdensprache, was dazu führt, dass der Schriftspracherwerb in vielen Bereichen dem Erwerb einer Zweitsprache gleicht. Schriftliche Textproduktionen gehörloser Signer (=Gebärdenspachbenutzer/-innen) sind deshalb aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven von Bedeutung: Aus Sicht der Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung bieten sie einen Einblick in Prozesse des bimodal bilingualen Spracherwerbs, bei dem eine Laut- und eine Gebärdensprache involviert sind. Aus sprachdidaktischer Perspektive stellt sich in der Folge die Frage zur erfolgreichen Vermittlung schriftsprachlicher Kompetenzen für gehörlose Schüler/-innen. Die Untersuchung ermöglicht durch den direkten Vergleich von gebärden- und lautsprachlichen Daten Einblicke in cross-modale Transferprozesse und diskutiert deren didaktisches Potential für den Unterricht gehörloser Schüler/innen. ; Für gehörlose Lernende stellt das Schreiben eine doppelte Herausforderung dar: Gebärdensprachen verfügen über keine Gebrauchsschrift, weshalb gehörlose Schreiber/-innen die Schrift der umgebenden Lautsprache verwenden. Diese unterscheidet sich jedoch in struktureller Hinsicht grundlegend von der Gebärdensprache, was dazu führt, dass der Schriftspracherwerb in vielen Bereichen dem Erwerb einer Zweitsprache gleicht. Schriftliche Textproduktionen gehörloser Signer (=Gebärdenspachbenutzer/-innen) sind deshalb aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven von Bedeutung: Aus Sicht der Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung bieten sie einen Einblick in Prozesse des bimodal bilingualen Spracherwerbs, bei dem eine Laut- und eine Gebärdensprache involviert sind. Aus sprachdidaktischer Perspektive stellt sich in der Folge die Frage zur erfolgreichen Vermittlung schriftsprachlicher Kompetenzen für gehörlose Schüler/-innen. Die Untersuchung ermöglicht durch den direkten Vergleich von gebärden- und lautsprachlichen Daten Einblicke in cross-modale Transferprozesse und diskutiert deren didaktisches Potential für den Unterricht gehörloser Schüler/innen.
    Keywords: bimodal ; cross-modal ; Transferprozesse ; Schriftzweitspracherwerb ; transfer processes ; written second language acquisition ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFD Psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics::CFDM Bilingualism and multilingualism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFL Palaeography::CFLA Writing systems, alphabets ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFZ Sign languages, Braille and other linguistic communication
    Language: German
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    Abdrücke von antiken und ausgewählten nachantiken Intagli und Kameen (2024)
    De Gruyter | Deutscher Kunstverlag (DKV)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The collection comprises around 1500 glass pastes from the 18th to early 19th century. A first part with 946 glass pastes of antique gems from the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD and of such post-antique gems from the 15th to 18th centuries that are directly related to them is presented here.
    Keywords: Antiquities ; Archaeology ; collection history ; Glyptics ; gemstones ; engraved gems ; intaglio ; cameo ; dactyliotheca ; Classical Antiquity ; post-antiquity ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics::ABC Conservation, restoration and care of artworks ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFP Ceramics, mosaic and glass: artworks ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: German
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    Histoire de la Justice au Luxembourg (1795 à nos jours) (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book dives into the origins of the judicial organization of Luxembourg by tracing its evolution from the establishment of contemporary jurisdictions under the “Directoire”, the “Consulate” and the “Empire”, to the constitutional reform of the 2000s. Illustrated with photographs and archival documents, it is intended for both specialist and non-specialist readers.
    Keywords: Legal history ; Luxembourg ; occupied France ; international law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDL Luxembourg ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MR 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Autarkiepolitik in der Braunkohlenindustrie (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The lignite industrial complex Böhlen-Espenhain near Leipzig was of great significance for the autarky policies of both the Third Reich and the GDR. Martin Baumert comparatively examines the impact of three different political transformations (Nazi, SBZ, GDR) on the industrial complex, which was essential to each system, focusing on changes that took place in the organization of industry and labor.
    Keywords: Lignite industry ; GDR ; National Socialism ; Soviet occupation zone ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history
    Language: German
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    Zoomland (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Despite a variety of theoretical and practical undertakings, there is no coherent understanding of the concept of scale in digital history and humanities, and its potential is largely unexplored. A clearer picture of the whole spectrum is needed, from large to small, distant to close, global to local, general to specific, macro to micro, and the in-between levels. The book addresses these issues and sketches out the territory of Zoomland, at scale. Four regions and sixteen chapters are conceptually and symbolically depicted through three perspectives: bird’s eye, overhead, and ground view. The variable-scale representation allows for exploratory paths covering areas such as: theoretical and applicative reflections on scale combining a digital dimension with research in history, media studies, cultural heritage, literature, text analysis, and map modelling; creative use of scale in new digital forms of analysis, data organisation, interfaces, and argumentative or artistic expressions. Zoomland provides a systematic discussion on the epistemological dimensions, hermeneutic methods, empirical tools, and aesthetic logic pertaining to scale and its innovative possibilities residing in humanities-based approaches and digital technologies. Enter the Zoomland game here or watch the teaser! ; Despite a variety of theoretical and practical undertakings, there is no coherent understanding of the concept of scale in digital history and humanities, and its potential is largely unexplored. A clearer picture of the whole spectrum is needed, from large to small, distant to close, global to local, general to specific, macro to micro, and the in-between levels. The book addresses these issues and sketches out the territory of Zoomland, at scale. Four regions and sixteen chapters are conceptually and symbolically depicted through three perspectives: bird’s eye, overhead, and ground view. The variable-scale representation allows for exploratory paths covering areas such as: theoretical and applicative reflections on scale combining a digital dimension with research in history, media studies, cultural heritage, literature, text analysis, and map modelling; creative use of scale in new digital forms of analysis, data organisation, interfaces, and argumentative or artistic expressions. Zoomland provides a systematic discussion on the epistemological dimensions, hermeneutic methods, empirical tools, and aesthetic logic pertaining to scale and its innovative possibilities residing in humanities-based approaches and digital technologies. Enter the Zoomland game here or watch the teaser!
    Keywords: Digital Humanities ; Digital History ; Skala ; Zoom ; scale ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods
    Language: English
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    Locating the Global (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This volume adds to the plurality of global histories by locating the global through its articulation and manifestation within particular localities. It accomplishes this by bringing together interlinked case-studies that analyse various temporal and spatial dimensions of the global in the local and the interactions between the local and the global. The case-studies apply a spatial approach to analyse how global questions of space, movement, networks, borders, and territory are worked out at a local level. The material draws on the Nordic countries, Europe, the Atlantic world, Africa, and Australia and ranges from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. It is further divided into sections that address topics such as the translocality of humans and goods, local articulations of identities and globalities, parliamentarism and anti-colonialism, the organization of knowledge and the construction of spaces of representation and memory.
    Keywords: Anti-colonialism ; Memory rooms ; Representative rooms ; Translocality ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the epidemiological control measures (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic　posed　a major threat to the well-being of older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address important policy-related issues, such as: Did　social distancing　destabilize family and social support networks? Did the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic?　Did lockdown affect one’s physical and mental health? Did the shift towards remote work affect workload and well-being? Were　different　housing conditions related to the spread of the virus?　　 ; The COVID-19 pandemic　posed　a major threat to the well-being of older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address important policy-related issues, such as: Did　social distancing　destabilize family and social support networks? Did the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic?　Did lockdown affect one’s physical and mental health? Did the shift towards remote work affect workload and well-being? Were　different　housing conditions related to the spread of the virus?
    Keywords: Corona ; SHARE ; Alternde Gesellschaft ; Gesundheitszustand ; Covid-19 ; Europe ; ageing societies ; health status ; economics ; social policy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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    Herrschaftsumbruch und Historiographie (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The founding of the Kingdom of Sicily was a conflict-laden and eventful process of upheaval, of which we are informed by two historical works by immediate eye witness: the Ystoria by Alexander of Telese and the Chronicon by Falco of Benevento. For the first time, this study consistently analyzes both texts from the perspective and local context of their creation and with regard to their specific pragmatic function.
    Keywords: Historiography ; Kingdom of Sicily ; Roger II of Sicily ; Papal History ; Cities and Communes ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: German
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    Praxishandbuch Wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar:innen (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Saur
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Die digitale Transformation stellt wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar:innen vor neue Herausforderungen, die nicht nur den praktischen Umgang mit neuen Technologien betreffen, sondern die eine neue Art des Handelns, Kommunizierens, Kooperierens sowie ein neues professionelles Rollenverständnis hervorgebracht haben. Dies entspricht längst nicht mehr dem klassischen Selbstverständnis des „höheren Dienstes", in dessen Mittelpunkt eine auf den Bestand fokussierte Fachreferatsarbeit stand und dessen Aufgabengebiete durch eine streng hierarchische Organisationsstruktur der Bibliothek geprägt und begrenzt waren. Die Digitalisierung hat diese Ordnung in Bewegung gebracht und zahlreiche neue Aufgabenbereiche sowie Service- und Funktionsstellen entstehen lassen. Heute arbeiten Bibliothekar:innen mit den Wissenschaftler:innen in Forschung und Lehre zusammen, unterstützen Forschende im Umgang mit Forschungsdaten, entwickeln digitale Lernangebote für heterogene Zielgruppen und übernehmen Aufgaben in der Datenprozessierung. Das Handbuch richtet sich an die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung, soll aber auch eine Standortbestimmung bibliothekarischen Handelns in der digital geprägten Informationswelt bieten. ; Die digitale Transformation stellt wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar:innen vor neue Herausforderungen, die nicht nur den praktischen Umgang mit neuen Technologien betreffen, sondern die eine neue Art des Handelns, Kommunizierens, Kooperierens sowie ein neues professionelles Rollenverständnis hervorgebracht haben. Dies entspricht längst nicht mehr dem klassischen Selbstverständnis des „höheren Dienstes", in dessen Mittelpunkt eine auf den Bestand fokussierte Fachreferatsarbeit stand und dessen Aufgabengebiete durch eine streng hierarchische Organisationsstruktur der Bibliothek geprägt und begrenzt waren. Die Digitalisierung hat diese Ordnung in Bewegung gebracht und zahlreiche neue Aufgabenbereiche sowie Service- und Funktionsstellen entstehen lassen. Heute arbeiten Bibliothekar:innen mit den Wissenschaftler:innen in Forschung und Lehre zusammen, unterstützen Forschende im Umgang mit Forschungsdaten, entwickeln digitale Lernangebote für heterogene Zielgruppen und übernehmen Aufgaben in der Datenprozessierung. Das Handbuch richtet sich an die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung, soll aber auch eine Standortbestimmung bibliothekarischen Handelns in der digital geprägten Informationswelt bieten.
    Keywords: Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek ; Wissenschaftlicher Dienst ; Rollenwandel ; Digitalisierung ; Academic libraries ; academic service ; changing roles ; digitalization ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge
    Language: German
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    Cicero in Greece, Greece in Cicero (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The volume aims at complementing the international literature on the interaction between Cicero and Greece. It offers new and unpublished material on Cicero’s presence in Greece literally, deriving from his epistles, speeches and philosophical treatises, but also on his interaction with the Greek philosophical schools, the Greek language and politics, etc. Besides, it offers new knowledge on the appreciation and reception of Cicero and his texts by the Greek world from Late Antiquity to Byzantium and Modern Greece, based on material deriving from a variety of sources (papyri, manuscripts, compendia or encyclopaedias, imitations, translations, early editions, etc.), an aspect of the relationships between Cicero and Greece still understudied. Thus, the volume offers an image as illustrative as possible of various aspects of the presence of the Greek world in Cicero’s works and of Cicero’s presence in Greece from his own times to the present day. ; The volume aims at complementing the international literature on the interaction between Cicero and Greece. It offers new and unpublished material on Cicero’s presence in Greece literally, deriving from his epistles, speeches and philosophical treatises, but also on his interaction with the Greek philosophical schools, the Greek language and politics, etc. Besides, it offers new knowledge on the appreciation and reception of Cicero and his texts by the Greek world from Late Antiquity to Byzantium and Modern Greece, based on material deriving from a variety of sources (papyri, manuscripts, compendia or encyclopaedias, imitations, translations, early editions, etc.), an aspect of the relationships between Cicero and Greece still understudied. Thus, the volume offers an image as illustrative as possible of various aspects of the presence of the Greek world in Cicero’s works and of Cicero’s presence in Greece from his own times to the present day.
    Keywords: Antike ; Antikenrezeption ; Cicero ; Griechenland ; Greece ; reception ; antiquity ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy
    Language: English
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    Transnational Religious Spaces (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This volume, bringing together work by scholars from Europe, East Asia, North America, and West Africa, investigates transnational religious spaces in a comparative manner by juxtaposing East Asian and African examples. It highlights flows of ideas, actors, and organizations out of, into, or within a given continental space. These flows are patterned mainly by colonialism or migration. The book also examines cases where the transnational space in question encompasses both East Asia and Africa, notably in the development of Japanese new religions in Africa. Most of the studies are located in the present a few go back to the late nineteenth century. The volume is rounded off by Thomas Tweed’s systematic reflections on categories for the study of transnationalism his chapter Flows and Dams critically weighs the metaphorical language we use to think, speak, and write about transnational religious spaces.
    Keywords: Colonialism ; Migration ; Religion ; Transnationalism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Metaleptische Bilder des Erzählens (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart wird erzählerisches Handeln immer wieder durch bildhafte Ausdrücke veranschaulicht, die den Erzähler in logikwidrigem Kontakt mit der erzählten Welt darstellen und sich damit narratologisch als Metalepsen beschreiben lassen. Dieses Buch behandelt zwei sachlich entgegengesetzte, aber dennoch verwandte metaleptische Bilder des Erzählens: Im einen erscheint der Erzähler als anwesender Beobachter ("wir finden unseren Helden in x"), im anderen als unmittelbarer Urheber der Handlung ("wir haben unseren Helden nach x gebracht"). Beide Bilder werden anhand aussagekräftiger Beispiele von den Anfängen in der frühgriechischen Dichtung über Verwendungen in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit bis zu Weiterentwicklungen im modernen Roman verfolgt. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den impliziten Konzepten des Erzählens, die in den jeweiligen Verwendungen greifbar werden. Tatsächlich zeigen sich hinter den formalen Konstanten teils tiefgreifende Unterschiede, die einen Einblick in epochenspezifische Erzählverständnisse ermöglichen. Damit leistet das Buch nicht nur einen Beitrag zu einer Geschichte abendländischen Erzählens, sondern führt exemplarisch den Nutzen der Diachronen Narratologie vor Augen. ; Von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart wird erzählerisches Handeln immer wieder durch bildhafte Ausdrücke veranschaulicht, die den Erzähler in logikwidrigem Kontakt mit der erzählten Welt darstellen und sich damit narratologisch als Metalepsen beschreiben lassen. Dieses Buch behandelt zwei sachlich entgegengesetzte, aber dennoch verwandte metaleptische Bilder des Erzählens: Im einen erscheint der Erzähler als anwesender Beobachter ("wir finden unseren Helden in x"), im anderen als unmittelbarer Urheber der Handlung ("wir haben unseren Helden nach x gebracht"). Beide Bilder werden anhand aussagekräftiger Beispiele von den Anfängen in der frühgriechischen Dichtung über Verwendungen in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit bis zu Weiterentwicklungen im modernen Roman verfolgt. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den impliziten Konzepten des Erzählens, die in den jeweiligen Verwendungen greifbar werden. Tatsächlich zeigen sich hinter den formalen Konstanten teils tiefgreifende Unterschiede, die einen Einblick in epochenspezifische Erzählverständnisse ermöglichen. Damit leistet das Buch nicht nur einen Beitrag zu einer Geschichte abendländischen Erzählens, sondern führt exemplarisch den Nutzen der Diachronen Narratologie vor Augen.
    Keywords: Diachrone Narratologie ; Metalepse ; Erzähler ; Bildersprache ; Diachronic narratology ; metalepsis ; narrator ; figurative language ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: German
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    Johann Christoph und Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched Briefwechsel 1722–1766: Oktober 1746 – Dezember 1747 (2024)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The twelfth volume of Johann Christoph Gottsched’s correspondence records his efforts to collect material for a planned history of literature. It ranges from the controversy surrounding the Berlin academy’s 1747 essay contest against Leibniz’s monadology to the different responses to the rumors that a ghost haunted the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig.
    Keywords: Enlightenment ; Gottsched, Johann Christoph ; Gottsched, Louise ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSG Literary studies: plays and playwrights ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy
    Language: German
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    Media Matter (2024)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This volume discusses a broad range of themes and methodological issues around images, photography and film. It is about sharing a fascination about the visual history of education and how images became the most influential (circulating) media within the field of education on local, regional, national and international levels. Within this volume images are primarily analyzed as presenters, mediators, and means of observation. Images are seen as mobile reproducible media which play an active role within the public and educational sphere. They are means of observation and storytelling, they shape identities by presenting models of how we should act in and perceive the world, they circulate though different contexts and media, all of which impacts their meanings.
    Keywords: Movie ; Photography ; Identity formation ; Opinion forming ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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