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  • Articles  (203)
  • Wiley  (82)
  • Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.  (81)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2020-2023  (203)
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  • 1
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Wiley, 127(3), pp. 1-18, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Fram Strait in the northern North Atlantic is a key region for marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs), southward discharges of polar air under northerly air flow, which have a strong impact on air-sea heat fluxes, boundary layer processes and severe weather. This study investigates climatologies and decadal trends of Fram Strait MCAOs of different intensity classes based on the ERA5 reanalysis product for 1979–2020. Among striking interannual variability, it is shown that the main MCAO season is December through March, when MCAOs occur around 2/3 of the time. We report on significant decadal MCAO decreases in December and January, and a significant increase in March. While the mid-winter decrease is mainly related to the different paces of warming between the surface and the lower atmosphere, the increase in March can be related to changes in synoptic circulation patterns. As an explanation for the latter, a possible feedback between retreating Barents Sea sea ice, enhanced cyclonic activity and Fram Strait MCAOs is postulated. Exemplifying the trend toward stronger MCAOs during March, the study details the recordbreaking MCAO season in early 2020, and an observational case study of an extreme MCAO event in March 2020 is conducted. Thereby, radiosonde observations are combined with kinematic air back-trajectories to provide rare observational evidence for the diabatic cooling and drying during the MCAO preconditioning phase.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The Pollino range is a region of slow deformation where earthquakes generally nucleate on low-angle normal faults. Recent studies have mapped fault structures and identified fluid related dynamics responsible for historical and recent seismicity in the area. Here, we apply the coda-normalization method at multiple frequencies and scales to image the 3-D P-wave attenuation (QP) properties of its slowly deforming fault network. The wide-scale average attenuation properties of the Pollino range are typical for a stable continental block, with a dependence of QP on frequency of Q−1 P = (0.0011   0.0008) f (0.36 0.32). Using only waveforms comprised in the area of seismic swarms, the dependence of attenuation on frequency increases [Q−1 P = (0.0373   0.0011) f (−0.59 0.01)], as expected when targeting seismically active faults. A shallow very-low-attenuation anomaly (max depth of 4–5 km) caps the seismicity recorded within the western cluster 1 of the Pollino seismic sequence (2012, maximum magnitude Mw = 5.1). High-attenuation volumes below this anomaly are likely related to fluid storage and comprise the western and northern portions of cluster 1 and the Mercure basin. These anomalies are constrained to the NW by a sharp low-attenuation interface, corresponding to the transition towards the eastern unit of the Apennine Platform under the Lauria mountains. The low-seismicity volume between cluster 1 and cluster 2 (maximum magnitude Mw = 4.3, east of the primary) shows diffuse low-to-average attenuation features. There is no clear indication of fluid-filled pathways between the two clusters resolvable at our resolution. In this volume, the attenuation values are anyway lower than in recognized low-attenuation blocks, like the Lauria Mountain and Pollino Range. As the volume develops in a region marked at surface by small-scale cross-faulting, it suggests no actual barrier between clusters, more likely a system of small locked fault patches that can break in the future. Our model loses resolution at depth, but it can still resolve a 5-to-15-km-deep high-attenuation anomaly that underlies the Castrovillari basin. This anomaly is an ideal deep source for the SE-to-NW migration of historical seismicity. Our novel deep structural maps support the hypothesis that the Pollino sequence has been caused by a mechanism of deep and lateral fluid-induced migration.
    Description: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Oil and Gas. University of Aberdeen.
    Description: Published
    Description: 536–547
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: body waves ; seismic attenuation ; seismic tomography ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-04-24
    Description: Hillaire‐Marcelet al. bring forward several physical and geochemical arguments against our finding of an Arctic glaciolacustrine system in the past. In brief, we find that a physical approach to further test our hypothesis should additionally consider the actual bathymetry of the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR), the density maximum of freshwater at 3–4°C, the sensible heat flux from rivers, and the actual volumes that are being mixed and advected. Their geochemical considerations acknowledge our original argument, but they also add a number of assumptions that are neither required to explain the observations, nor do they correspond to the lithology of the sediments. Rather than being additive in nature, their arguments of high particle flux, low particle flux, export of 230Th and accumulation of 230Th, are mutually exclusive. We first address the arguments above, before commenting on some misunderstandings of our original claim in their contribution, especially regarding our dating approach.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Climate change can make extreme drought and flood events more frequent, while damming large rivers can alter the hydrological regime by making droughts more prolonged and floods less intense. Together, both factors can affect aquatic communities. Here, the variation of Chironomidae community attributes between extreme floods and droughts in a neotropical floodplain river was investigated. The hypothesis that the abundance, richness, diversity and variability attributes of the Chironomidae community are reduced after extreme events was tested. Sampling took place quarterly from 2000 to 2012, although only a few years were selected to investigate our predictions. Twelve sampling periods were selected, which were divided into years in which, El Niño (extreme flood) and La Niña (extreme drought) phenomena occurred. In the Paraná River, three points were determined for the collection of benthic material, in transect: right bank, center and left bank of the river. We recorded 75 morphospecies of Chironomidae. The most common taxa in periods of extreme flooding were Djalmabatista sp 2, Lopescladius sp 1 and Tanytarsus type E. For periods of extreme drought, the most common taxa were Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp 4, Polypedilum sp 3 and Lopescladius sp 1. A composition and attributes of the Chironomidae community in the Paraná River varied between before and after extreme flood and drought events. Attributes such as Shannon-Wiener abundance, richness and diversity were reduced after extreme floods and, in contrast, tended to increase after extreme drought events (except Shannon diversity). Thus, it can be stated that the evaluated flood and drought events, despite being extreme, have different consequences in the Chironomidae community of the Paraná River. Given the environmental and global conditions we experience today, including climate change and dams, extreme events could be even more frequent in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to understand the consequences of extreme flood and drought events on ecosystems with high biodiversity and that provide relevant ecosystem services such as floodplain rivers.
    Description: As mudanças climáticas podem tornar eventos de secas e cheias extremas mais frequentes, enquanto barramentos de grandes rios podem alterar o regime hidrológico por tornar as secas mais prolongadas e as cheias menos intensas. Em conjunto, ambos fatores podem afetar as comunidades aquáticas. Aqui, a variação dos atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae entre as cheias e secas extremas em um rio de planície de inundação neotropical. Testou-se a hipótese de que os atributos abundância, riqueza, diversidade e variabilidade da comunidade de Chironomidae são reduzidos após eventos extremos. As amostragens ocorreram trimestralmente 2000 a 2012, embora apenas alguns anos foram selecionados para investigar nossas predições. Selecionou-se 12 períodos de amostragem, que foram divididos em anos que ocorreram fenômenos de El Niño (cheia extrema) e La Niña (seca extrema). No rio Paraná foram determinados três pontos para coleta do material bentônico, em transecto: margem direita, centro e margem esquerda do rio. Registrou-se 75 morfoespécies de Chironomidae. Os táxos mais comuns nos períodos de cheia extrema foram Djalmabatista sp 2, Lopescladius sp 1 e Tanytarsus tipo E. Para os períodos de seca extrema, os táxons mais comuns foram Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp 4, Polypedilum sp 3 e Lopescladius sp 1. A composição e os atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae no rio Paraná variaram entre antes e depois de eventos de cheia e seca extremas. Os atributos, como abundância, riqueza e diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, foram reduzidos após cheias extremas e em contrapartida, tenderam a aumentar após eventos de seca extrema (exceto diversidade de Shannon). Pode-se afirmar que os eventos de cheias e secas avaliados, apesar de extremos, acarretam em diferentes consequências na comunidade de Chironomidae do rio Paraná. Considerando que as condições ambientais e globais que vivenciamos hoje, incluindo mudanças climáticas e barragens, os eventos extremos poderão ser ainda mais frequentes nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Portanto, é fundamental compreendermos as consequências dos eventos de cheia e seca extremas em ecossistemas com elevada biodiversidade e que fornecem relevantes serviços ecossistêmicos como rios de planícies de inundação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta) ; Zoobentos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Pulso de inundação ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zoobenthos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 26pp.
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  • 5
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Decomposition is a process of great importance to the ecosystem. Macroinvertebrates together with fungi and bacteria play a very important role in the cycling of organic matter. Through decomposition, nutrients that make up the organisms can be reused and macroinvertebrates act by fractionating the organic matter in this process. The exotic species Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle usually causes problems in various regions of the globe such as economic damage in hydroelectric plants. This exotic species competes with native species and can facilitates new invasions. The objective of the present work is to evaluate how the colonization of macroinvertebrates occurs during the decomposition of H. verticillata and E. najas macrophytes, as well as other community attributes during the process such as density, richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness. The experiment was carried out in Garças Lake and the macrophytes were collected in Paraná River. Macrophytes were dried at room temperature and 5 g of each species were added in two types of litterbags, one thin mesh (0.5 mm) and another with thick mesh (4 mm), totalling 100 litterbags. The litterbags were fixed at 5 points in the lake and removed each 4 days. In the laboratory the litterbags were washed with a 0.2 μm mesh sieve, the decomposing material was sorted and the remainder was oven dried for further decay calculation. There was no significant difference in community attributes, except when time was applied assigned to analysis. The decomposition was similar in both species because both had similar characteristics, including phylogenetic proximity. The most observed taxon during the process was Chironomidae. Thus, it is worth noting that more studies are needed to elucidate questions related to the colonization process and quantify the degradation of organic matter of exotic and native species in the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
    Description: A decomposição é um processo de grande importâcia para os ecossistemas, e os macroivertebrados juntamente com fungos e bactérias possuem um importante papel na ciclagem da matéria orgânica. Pela decomposição, os nutrientes que compõem os organismos podem ser novamente reutilizados, e os macroinvertebrados atuam fracionando essa matéria orgânica. A espécie exótica Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle é uma espécie de macrófita submersas que atualmente tem causado problemas em diversas regiões do globo. Além de causar prejuízos econômicos em usinas hidroelétricas H. verticillata causa prejuízos para as espécies nativas devido a competição por recursos, o que pode facilitar novas invasões. Avaliou-se como ocorre a colonização de macroinvertebrados durante a decomposição das macrófitas H. verticillata e E. najas, além de avaliar outros atributos de comunidade durante o processo como, por exemplo, densidade, riqueza, diversidade de Shannon e equitabilidade de Pielou. O experimento foi realizado na Lagoa das Garças e as macrófitas foram coletadas no Rio Paraná. Após a coleta, as plantas foram secas em temperatura ambiente. Foram acondicionadas 5 g de material seco de cada espécie em dois tipos de litterbag, um com malha fina (0,5mm) e outro com malha grossa (4 mm), totalizando 100 litterbags. Os litterbags foram fixados em 5 pontos na lagoa e retirados em um intervalo de 4 em 4 dias. Em laboratório, os litterbags foram lavados com auxílio de peneira de malha de 0,2 μm. O material em decomposição foi triado e o restante foi seco em estufa para posterior cálculo de decaimento. Não houve diferença significativa nos atributos de comunidade, exceto quando o tempo foi aplicado como uma variável à análise. A decomposição foi similar nas duas espécies devido a ambas possuírem características semelhantes. Talvez, a proximidade filogenética entre as macrófitas possa ter gerado a similaridade dos resultados obtidos durante o experimento. O táxon mais observado durante o processo foi de Chironomidae e o processo de colonização ocorreu de forma muito semelhante para ambos os tratamentos. Os tipos de malhas mostraram resultados parecidos, pois podem não ter influenciado a colonização e a entrada dos macroinvertebrados durante o processo de decomposição. Desse modo, a colonização dos invertebrados não dependeu das espécies de macrófita e/ou tipo de malha. Por isso ressalta-se a importância de novos estudos para melhor direcionar questões voltadas para a colonização e quantificar a degradação da matéria orgânica relativa a espécies exóticas e nativas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Macroinvertebrados de água doce ; Colonização ; Lagos rasos ; Indicadores biológicos ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Decomposição ; Ecologia de lagos rasos ; Processos ecossistêmicos ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::D::Decomposition ; ASFA_2015::C::Colonization ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 25pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Shallow seabed depressions attributed to focused fluid seepage, known as pock- marks, have been documented in all continental margins. In this study, we dem- onstrate how pockmark formation can be the result of a combination of multiple factors— fluid type, overpressures, seafloor sediment type, stratigraphy and bot- tom currents. We integrate multibeam echosounder and seismic reflection data, sediment cores and pore water samples, with numerical models of groundwa- ter and gas hydrates, from the Canterbury Margin (off New Zealand). More than 6800 surface pockmarks, reaching densities of 100 per km2, and an undefined number of buried pockmarks, are identified in the middle to outer shelf and lower continental slope. Fluid conduits across the shelf and slope include shal- low to deep chimneys/pipes. Methane with a biogenic and/or thermogenic origin is the main fluid forming flow and escape features, although saline and fresh- ened groundwaters may also be seeping across the slope. The main drivers of fluid flow and seepage are overpressure across the slope generated by sediment loading and thin sediment overburden above the overpressured interval in the outer shelf. Other processes (e.g. methane generation and flow, a reduction in hydrostatic pressure due to sea- level lowering) may also account for fluid flow and seepage features, particularly across the shelf. Pockmark occurrence coin- cides with muddy sediments at the seafloor, whereas their planform is elongated by bottom currents.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Tectono-stratigraphic interpretation and sequential restoration modelling was performed over two high-resolution seismic profiles crossing the Western Ionian Basin of southern Italy. This analysis was undertaken in order to provide greater insights and a more reliable assessment of the deformation rate affecting the area. Offshore seismic profiling illuminates the sub-seafloor setting where a belt of active normal faults slice across the foot of the Malta Escarpment, a regional-scale structural boundary inherited from the Permo-Triassic palaeotectonic setting. A sequential restoration workflow was established to back-deform the entire investigated sector with the primary aim of analysing the deformation history of the three major normal faults affecting the area. Restoration of the tectono-stratigraphic model reveals how deformation rates evolved through time. In the early stage, the studied area experienced a significant deformation with the horizontal component prevailing over the vertical element. In this context, the three major faults contribute to only one third of the total deformation. The overall throw and extension then notably reduced through time towards the present day and, since the middle Pliocene, ongoing crustal deformation is accommodated almost entirely by the three major normal faults. Unloading and decompaction indicate that when compared to the unrestored seismic sections, a revision and a reduction of roughly one third of the vertical displacement of the faults offset is required. This analysis ultimately allows us to better understand the seismic potential of the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 321-341
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Wiley, 7(2), pp. 167-174, ISSN: 2378-2242
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: The end of the polar night with the concurrent onset of photosynthetic biomass production ultimately leads to the spring bloom, which represents the most important event of primary production for the Arctic marine ecosystem. This dataset shows, for the first time, significant in situ biomass accumulation during the dark–light transition in the high Arctic, as well as the earliest recorded positive net primary production rates together with constant chlorophyll a-normalized potential for primary production through winter and spring. The results indicate a high physiological capacity to perform photosynthesis upon re-illumination, which is in the same range as that observed during the spring bloom. Put in context with other data, the results of this study indicate that also active cells originating from the low winter standing stock in the water column, rather than solely resting stages from the sediment, can seed early spring bloom assemblages.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Free access at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1755-6724.14824
    Description: Earthquake is a sudden release of energy due to fault motions. The severity of the damages can be minimized by development of a culture of prevention which includes the Seismic Hazard Assessment, microzonation studies and appropriate building codes. Earthquake risk assessment methods require seismo tectonic information usually organized in earthquake catalogues utilized in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) based on initial work by Cornell (1968), where probability distributions for magnitudes and source site distances reported in earthquake catalogues were utilized for the first time. In following years the method furtherly improved reporting an upper bound on the earthquake magnitude in each region avoiding the inclusion of unrealistically big earthquakes. A different approach has been followed in Countries characterized by significant incompletenesses in available earthquake catalogues. In these places the Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (DSHA) methods have been often utilized. In particular the DSHA takes into account the maximum possible earthquake to evaluate the intensity of seismic ground motion distribution at a site by taking account the seismotectonic setup of the area. A deepening in the knowledge of seismotectonics and of morphostructural features of the studied area has been carried out in pattern recognition studies (Gelfand et al., 1976 and references therein). More updated applications named Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA) proposed by Wang et al. (2021) also consider morphostructural zoning which, in turn, considers nodes (fractured areas), lineaments and topographical features like the maximal elevation and the minimal elevation of the studied area. The steepness of topographic surfaces and sharp variations in morphostructural parameters indicate high tectonic activity. Some geological features are also presently utilized in PSHA methods in some Countries and considers basic parameters like the top and the bottom of seismogenic layers deduced by faults geometry within the frame of the Earthquake Rupture Forecasting (Bird and Liu, 2007).
    Description: Published
    Description: 31-33
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, deterministic seismic hazard assessment, helium isotopes, geochemical prospection, earthquake precursors ; seismic hazard estimation by geochemical methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Relative sea‐level (RSL) evolution during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5 in the Mediterranean basin is still not fully understood despite a plethora of morphological, stratigraphic and geochronological studies carried out on highstand deposits of this area. In this review we assembled a database of 323 U/Th‐dated samples (e.g. corals, molluscs, speleothems) which were used to chronologically constrain RSL evolution within MIS 5. The application of strict geochemical criteria to the U/Th samples indicates that only ~33% of data available for the Mediterranean Sea can be considered ‘reliable’. Most of these data (~65%) refer to the MIS 5e highstand, while only ~17% could be related to the MIS 5a. No attribution to MIS 5c can be unequivocally supported. Nevertheless, the resulting framework does not allow us to define a satisfactory RSL trend during the MIS 5e highstand and subsequent MIS 5 substages. Overall, the proposed selection of reliable/unreliable data would be useful for detecting areas where MIS 5 substage attributions are not supported by confident U/Th chronological data and thus the related reconstructions need to be revised. In this regard, the resulting framework calls for a reappraisal and re‐examination of the Mediterranean records with advanced geochronological methodologies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1174-1189
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: The Apennines are a retreating collisional belt where the foreland basin system, across large domains, is floored by a subaerial forebulge unconformity developed due to forebulge uplift and erosion. This unconformity is overlain by a diachronous sequence of three lithostratigraphic units made of (a) shallow-water carbonates, (b) hemipelagic marls and shales and (c) siliciclastic turbidites. Typically, the latter two have been interpreted regionally as the onset of syn-orogenic deposition in the foredeep depozone, whereas little attention has been given to the underlying unit. Accordingly, the rate of migration of the central-southern Apennine fold-thrust beltforeland basin system has been constrained, so far, exclusively considering the age of the hemipelagites and turbidites, which largely post-date the onset of foredeep depozone. In this work, we provide new high-resolution ages obtained by strontium isotope stratigraphy applied to calcitic bivalve shells sampled at the base of the first syn-orogenic deposits overlying the Eocene-Cretaceous pre-orogenic substratum. Integration of our results with published data indicates progressive rejuvenation of the strata sealing the forebulge unconformity towards the outer portions of the foldthrust belt. In particular, the age of the forebulge unconformity linearly scales with the pre-orogenic position of the analysed sites, pointing to an overall constant migration velocity of the forebulge wave in the last 25 Myr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2817-2836
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: central-southern Apennines (Italy) ; fold-thrust belt ; forebulge ; foredeep
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-01-11
    Description: Mt Etna has made headlines over the last weeks and months with spectacular eruptions, some of them highly explosive. This type of paroxysmal eruptive behaviour is characteristic of Etna’s activity over the past few decades and so it is no surprise that Etna is among the most active volcanoes worldwide. Etna is well-known for its extraordinary geology and due to its repeated eruptive activity it provides a continuous supply of new scientific opportunities to understand the inner workings of large basaltic volcanic systems. In addition to its scientific value, Etna is also a world famous tourist attraction and has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2013 for its geological and cultural value and not least for its fine agricultural products. Etna’s status as an iconic volcano is not a recent phenomenon; in fact, Etna has been a literary fixture for at least 3000 years, giving rise to many ancient myths and legends that mark it as a special place, deserving of human respect. From the ancient eruptions to the latest events in February–April 2021, people try to explain and understand the processes that occur within and beneath the volcano. In this article, we briefly summarize the recent eruptive activity of Etna as well as the ancient myths and legends that surround this volcano, from the underground forge of Hephaestus to the adventures of Odysseus, all the way to the benefits and dangers the volcano provides to those living on its flanks today.
    Description: Published
    Description: 141-149
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Etna, mythology, 2021 paroxysms, economy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-11-07
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., & Jin, D. Mesopelagic-epipelagic fish nexus in viability and feasibility of commercial-scale mesopelagic fisheries. Natural Resource Modeling, 35(4), (2022): e12350, https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12350.
    Description: While considerable scientific uncertainties persist for mesopelagic ecosystems, the fishing industry has developed a great interest in commercial exploitation with improved technologies as part of their search for new sources of feed for fishmeal and fish oil for aquaculture, which will intensify with the planet's growing population. The multiple uncertainties surrounding the ecosystem structure and particularly the size of biomass, hinder a good understanding of the risks associated with large-scale exploitation, which is needed for a management framework for sustainable ocean uses. Despite concerns regarding irreversible losses triggered by commercial fishing, work exploring the vulnerability of mesopelagic fish to harvesting is largely missing. This study investigates the economic feasibility of mesopelagic fishing which is the primary driver for any possible future expansion. Using very limited information currently available, we conduct a high-level assessment focusing on key ecological and economic interactions and develop an initial understanding of the economic feasibility of commercial harvesting for mesopelagic fish in the coming years. We conduct simulations using a classical bioeconomic model that captures two species groups, mesopelagic and epipelagic fish, using a wide range of price and cost parameters. We analyze different scenarios for the economic profitability of the fishery in a regional fishery management context. The results of our study highlight the importance of better understanding key biological and ecological mechanisms and parameters which can in turn help inform policies aimed at protecting the mesopelagic.
    Description: This study is supported by WHOI's Ocean Twilight Zone program which is part of the Audacious Project, a collaborative endeavor, housed at TED.
    Keywords: Bioeconomic analysis ; Commercial fisheries ; Ecological interactions ; Economic feasibility ; Mesopelagic fish ; Twilight zone
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: Relative relocation methods are commonly used to precisely relocate earthquake clusters consisting of similar waveforms. Repeating waveforms are often recorded at volcanoes, where, however, the crust structure is expected to contain strong heterogeneities and therefore the 1D velocity model assumption that is made in most location strategies is not likely to describe reality. A peculiar cluster of repeating low-frequency seismic events was recorded on the south flank of Katla volcano (Iceland) from 2011. As the hypocentres are located at the rim of the glacier, the seismicity may be due to volcanic or glacial processes. Information on the size and shape of the cluster may help constraining the source process. The extreme similarity of waveforms points to a very small spatial distribution of hypocentres. In order to extract meaningful information about size and shape of the cluster, we minimize uncertainty by optimizing the cross-correlation measurements and relative-relocation process. With a synthetic test we determine the best parameters for differential-time measurements and estimate their uncertainties, specifically for each waveform. We design a relocation strategy to work without a predefined velocity model, by formulating and inverting the problem to seek changes in both location and slowness, thus accounting for azimuth, take-off angles and velocity deviations from a 1D model. We solve the inversion explicitly in order to propagate data errors through the calculation. With this approach we are able to resolve a source volume few tens of meters wide on horizontal directions and around 100 meters in depth. There is no suggestion that the hypocentres lie on a single fault plane and the depth distribution indicates that their source is unlikely to be related to glacial processes as the ice thickness is not expected to exceed few tens of meters in the source area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1244–1257
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Aquatic environments have been anthropically influenced over the years, mainly with the construction of dams and hydroelectric plants. However, few studies evaluate how the parasitic fauna can be influenced in the long term by these environmental changes. Possible changes in the composition of endoparasites of the invasive fish Trachelyopterus galeatus in the upper Paraná River floodplain were investigated over a 27-year study period. 79 fish were analyzed in period 1 (1993) and 31 in period 2 (2019/2020). In the first period, the fish showed higher values in the variables weight (g) and standard length (cm), when compared to period 2. A total of five species of endoparasites were found, three per period. Although the richness was the same, the composition of endoparasites differed between the periods, as only one species of digenetic (Microrchis oligovitellum) parasitized the host in both periods of study. It was found that both the development of the fish and its endoparasites were affected over time. It is noteworthy that the beginning of operation of the Porto Primavera dam, located upstream of the plain, occurred between the two sampling periods (1999), and caused several environmental changes, possibly being the main responsible for these changes in the parasitofauna. Most endoparasites require intermediate hosts to complete their life cycles. Therefore, a modified environment may lose diversity and ecological interactions, as it affects the populations they use during the transmission process between hosts. This may explain the difference found in the infracommunities of T. galeatus parasites, emphasizing, through the results obtained, the importance of including these organisms in studies that evaluate environmental impacts caused by anthropic actions
    Description: Ambientes aquáticos têm sido influenciado antropicamente ao longo dos anos, principalmente com a construção de barragens e usinas hidrelétricas. Contudo, poucos estudos avaliam como a fauna parasitária pode ser influenciada a longo prazo por essas mudanças ambientais. Investigou-se possíveis alterações na composição de endoparasitas do peixe invasor Trachelyopterus galeatus na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, em um intervalo de 27 anos de estudo. Foram analisados 79 peixes no período 1 (1993) e 31 no período 2 (2019/2020). No primeiro período, os peixes apresentaram maiores valores nas variáveis peso (g) e comprimento padrão (cm), quando comparados com o período 2. Encontrou-se um total de cinco espécies de endoparasitas, sendo três por período. Apesar da riqueza ter sido igual, a composição de endoparasitas diferiu entre os períodos, pois apenas uma espécie de digenético (Microrchis oligovitellum) parasitou o hospedeiro nos dois períodos de estudo. Constatou-se que tanto o desenvolvimento do peixe quanto seus endoparasitas foram afetados ao longo do tempo. Destaca-se que o início do funcionamento da barragem de Porto Primavera, localizada à montante da planície, ocorreu entre os dois períodos de amostragem (1999), e provocou diversas alterações ambientais, sendo, possivelmente, a principal responsável por essas mudanças da parasitofauna. A maioria dos endoparasitas requer hospedeiros intermediários para completar seus ciclos de vida. Portanto, um ambiente modificado, pode perder diversidade e interações ecológicas, visto que afeta as populações que eles utilizam durante o processo de transmissão entre hospedeiros. Isso pode explicar a diferença encontrada nas infracomunidades de parasitas de T. galeatus, enfatizando, por meio dos resultados obtidos, a importância de incluir esses organismos nos estudos que avaliam impactos ambientais causados por ações antrópicas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fauna endoparasitária (Platyhelminthes). ; Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) “cangati”. ; Peixes siluriformes. ; Parasitismo. ; Ecologia. ; Parasitismo em peixes de água doce. ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitism ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 25pp.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sassenhagen, I., Erdner, D., Lougheed, B., Richlen, M., & SjÖqvist, C. Estimating genotypic richness and proportion of identical multi-locus genotypes in aquatic microalgal populations. Journal of Plankton Research, 44(4), (2022): 559-572, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbac034.
    Description: The majority of microalgal species reproduce asexually, yet population genetic studies rarely find identical multi-locus genotypes (MLG) in microalgal blooms. Instead, population genetic studies identify large genotypic diversity in most microalgal species. This paradox of frequent asexual reproduction but low number of identical genotypes hampers interpretations of microalgal genotypic diversity. We present a computer model for estimating, for the first time, the number of distinct MLGs by simulating microalgal population composition after defined exponential growth periods. The simulations highlighted the effects of initial genotypic diversity, sample size and intraspecific differences in growth rates on the probability of isolating identical genotypes. We estimated the genotypic richness for five natural microalgal species with available high-resolution population genetic data and monitoring-based growth rates, indicating 500 000 to 2 000 000 distinct genotypes for species with few observed clonal replicates (〈5%). Furthermore, our simulations indicated high variability in genotypic richness over time and among microalgal species. Genotypic richness was also strongly impacted by intraspecific variability in growth rates. The probability of finding identical MLGs and sampling a representative fraction of genotypes decreased noticeably with smaller sample sizes, challenging the detection of differences in genotypic diversity with typical isolate numbers in the field.
    Description: This work was supported by the Olle Engkvist foundation [200-0564 to I.S.]; the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) [2018-04992 to B.C.L.]; the Academy of Finland [321609 to C.S.]; the National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-1841811 to D.L.E. and M.L.R.]; and the National Institute of Environmental Health [NIEHS P01ES028949 to M.L.R.].
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 17
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: The success of biological invasions depends on overcoming environmental filters. After the filters are transposed and subsequently established, invasive species can reach high densities and cause impacts, such as loss of biodiversity and damage to the functioning of ecosystems. The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is an invasive bivalve in South America and presents high densities in invaded environments. It has a planktonic larval stage, divided into five stages, and an encrusting adult. The larval stage is considered the main propagule of the species. It is known that abiotic factors act differently on larval stages, as these present morphological and physiological differences. Some works shown the ability of L. fortunei to select groups and functional traits of phytoplankton species, but these studies are experimental and with adult representatives. Considering that larvae are the main propagule of the species, therefore, abiotic filters act primarily on them, we sought to (i) evaluate the population structure of L. fortunei larvae and its relationship with environmental factors in lotic environments in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River. In addition, considering that larvae can reach high density values, we also sought to (ii) identify the potential impacts of high larval densities on the taxonomic and functional diversity of phytoplankton, and their effects on ecosystem functioning. The results showed differences in the age pyramid between the evaluated environments, and found that most environmental filters act on the early larval stages. Among these filters, turbidity stands out. We also identified a negative effect of L. fortunei larval density on the functional and taxonomic diversity of the phytoplankton community. The effects of larval density on these facets of phytoplankton diversity resulted in indirect negative effects on the biomass stock of the community of these producers. It's expected that knowledge about the filters that control larval densities of L. fortunei can contribute to the control and management of the species, in order to avoid major impacts on the phytoplankton, and consequently, on the environment.
    Description: O sucesso das invasões biológicas depende da superação filtros ambientais. Após a transposição dos filtros e consequente estabelecimento, as espécies invasoras podem atingir altas densidades e ocasionar impactos, como perda de biodiversidade e prejuízos ao funcionamento dos ecossistemas. O mexilhão-dourado (Limnoperna fortunei) é um bivalve invasor na América do Sul e apresenta elevadas densidades nos ambientes invadidos. Apresenta fase larval planctônica, dividida em cinco estágios, e adulta incrustante. A fase larval é considerada o principal propágulo da espécie. É sabido que os fatores abióticos atuam diferentemente sobre os estágios larvais, dado que estes apresentam diferenças morfológicas e fisiológicas. Alguns trabalhos evidenciaram a capacidade de L. fortunei em selecionar grupos e traços funcionais das espécies de fitoplâncton, porém esses estudos são experimentais e com representantes adultos. Considerando que as larvas são o principal propágulo da espécie, logo, os filtros abióticos agem primariamente sobre elas e buscou-se (i) avaliar a estruturação populacional das larvas de L. fortunei e sua relação com os fatores ambientais em ambientes lóticos da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Ainda, considerando que as larvas podem atingir elevados valores de densidade também buscou-se (ii) identificar os potenciais impactos das altas densidades larvais sobre a diversidade taxonômica e funcional de fitoplâncton, e seus reflexos sobre o funcionamento ecossitêmico. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças na pirâmide etária entre os ambientes avaliados, e constatou-se que a maioria dos filtros ambientais age sobre os estágios larvais iniciais. Dentre esses filtros, destaca-se a turbidez. Também identificou-se o efeito negativo da densidade larval de L. fortunei sobre a diversidade funcional e taxonômica da comunidade de fitoplâncton. Os efeitos da densidade larval sobre essas facetas da diversidade do fitoplâncton resultaram em efeitos negativos indiretos sobre o estoque de biomassa da comunidade desses produtores. Espera-se que o conhecimento sobre os filtros que controlam as densidades larvais de L. fortunei possa contribuir para o controle e manejo da espécie, a fim de evitar maiores impactos sobre o fitoplancton, e consequentemente, sobre o ambiente.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalve) "mexilhão-dourado" ; Moluscos límnicos invasores ; Bivalves límnicos invasores ; Larvas ; Invasores biológicos ; Diversidade taxonômica e funcional ; Filtros ambientais ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluskan larvae ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 75pp.
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  • 18
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: It is expected that the longitudinal limnological gradients described for reservoirs have great implications for the composition and yield of multispecific fisheries practiced in this type of environment, directly and indirectly affecting the operational strategies for the collection of the species. Recognition of patterns of spatial and temporal variation of stocks and their form of exploitation is fundamental to the rationalization of fishery management. It is, however, a complex task given the large number of variables and the physical, biological and socioeconomic interactions involved. Daily landing data from 12 fisheries along the Itaipu reservoir over a period of 11 years are analyzed in this study. Uni and multivariate analysis techniques are used to identify (i) spatial-temporal patterns in the composition of the fish and in the yield of the fishery and (ii) longitudinal gradients in the operational strategies used in fishing. The results are discussed in light of longitudinal and temporal limnological gradients, species life strategies and competitive uses of the basin upstream. Significant correlation was verified between sedimentation rates, considered a synthesis variable of the limnological conditions, and yield of the 10 main species (90% of the total catch). Of these species, eight showed significant longitudinal gradients in abundance. Three of them concentrated in the fluvial zone, one in the lacustrine, three in the fluvial-transitional and one in the lacustrine-transitional. Diet requirements (autochthonous and allochthonous resources) and migratory behavior were considered the most adequate terms to explain these patterns. The marked decline in the fishery yield was attributed to the fall in the CPUEs of the two most caught species, that were, perna-de-moça Hypophthalmus oremaculatus in the lacustrine zone (trophic state reduction in the reservoir, recruitment overfishing) and armado Pterodoras granulosus in the fluvial zone (regulation of the floods on the floodplain upstream from the operation of new reservoirs, growth overfishing). Three fishery strategies were observed: (I) cascudo-preto Rhinelepis aspera fisheries in the fluvial zone using casting nets and wooden boats propelled by a stationary (center) motor (10 to 12 HP), (II) Hypophthalmus oremaculatus fisheries in the transition and lacustrine zones with gillnets, wooden boats driven by oars or a rabeta motor (3.5 to 4 HP) and (III) Pterodoras granulosus and jaú Zungaro jahu fisheries in the fluvial zone carried out with fish-hooks, wooden boats and a stationary (center) motor (10 to 12 HP). It was verifield the importance of the fisheries in sustaining families marginalized from other sectors of the economy and their regulation and rationalization in the operation of the reservoirs upstream to insure the occurrence of floods on the floodplain upstream.
    Description: É esperado que os gradientes limnológicos longitudinais descritos para reservatórios, tenham grandes implicações sobre a composição e o rendimento de pescarias multiespecíficas, exercidas neste tipo de ambiente, afetando direta e indiretamente as estratégias operacionais para a captura das espécies. O reconhecimento dos padrões de variação espaciais e temporais dos estoques e de sua forma de exploração é fundamental para a racionalização do manejo da pesca, sendo, entretanto, uma tarefa complexa, dado o grande número de variáveis e interações físicas, biológicas e socioeconômicas envolvidas. Neste estudo, são analisados os dados diários de acompanhamento de desembarque em 12 áreas de pesca ao longo do reservatório de Itaipu, tomados durante 11 anos. Técnicas de análise uni e multivariadas são utilizadas para identificar (i) os padrões espaço-temporais na composição do pescado e no rendimento da pesca, (ii) os gradientes longitudinais nas estratégias operacionais empregadas na atividade pesqueira. Os resultados são discutidos à luz dos gradientes limnológicos longitudinais e temporais, as estratégias de vida das espécies e os usos concorrentes da bacia a montante. Correlações significativas foram constatadas entre as taxas de sedimentação, considerada variável síntese das condições limnológicas, e o rendimento das 10 principais espécies (90% das capturas totais). Destas espécies, oito mostraram gradientes longitudinais significativos na abundância, sendo três delas concentradas na zona fluvial, uma na lacustre, três na fluvial-transição, e uma na lacustre-transição. Requerimentos na dieta (recursos autóctones e alóctones) e o comportamento migratório foram considerados como a explicação mais adequada a estes padrões. O acentuado declínio no rendimento da pesca foi atribuído à queda nas CPUEs das duas espécies mais capturadas, ou seja, perna-de-moça Hypophthalmus oremaculatus, na zona lacustre (redução no estado trófico do reservatório, sobrepesca de recrutamento) e armado Pterodoras granulosus, na fluvial (regulação das cheias na planície a montante pela construção de novos reservatórios, e sobrepesca de crescimento). Três estratégias de pesca foram observadas: (I) pescaria de cascudo-preto Rhinelepis aspera na zona fluvial com uso de tarrafas, embarcações de madeira, com propulsão por motor de estacionário (centro), potência de 10 a 12,5 HP; (II) pescaria de Hypophthalmus oremaculatus nas zonas de transição e lacustre, com redes de espera, embarcações de madeira impulsionada por remo ou motor rabeta, com potência de 3,5 a 4 HP; (III) pescaria de Pterodoras granulosus e jaú Zungaro jahu, na zona fluvial realizada com anzóis, barcos de madeira e motor estacionário (centro), de 10 a 12,5 HP. Verifica-se a importância da pesca para o sustento de famílias marginalizadas de outros setores da economia e propõem-se ações de controle da atividade e a racionalização na operação dos reservatórios, a montante, visando assegurar a ocorrência de cheias na planície alagável a montante.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Pesca artesanal de água doce ; Gradientes horizontais ; Manejo ; Peixes de água doce ; Estratégias de pesca ; Reservatório de Itaipu ; Zonação ; Itaipu Binacional ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Fisheries management ; ASFA_2015::G::Gradients ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoir fisheries ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish stocks
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 19
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: Neotropical aquatic environments are highly heterogeneous and present a broad light spectral variation. Photic conditions can be closely related to aquatic vertebrates’ visual system evolution, which can interfere with ecological factors, such as feeding. Therefore, due to the species’ biodiversity and ecological adaptations observed in continental aquatic environments, Neotropical cichlids represent an important model for evolutionary studies. Cichlinae shows several adaptations regarding their life cycle and may present and accumulate mutations resulting in specific amino acid changes of visual proteins. These proteins are encoded by visual opsins genes, which allow some “measurement” of natural selection on the protein using molecular tools. Thus, it is possible to verify whether the diet constitutes an important factor in the diversification of the gene responsible for the scotopic vision of these vertebrates. In this study, 40 species of Neotropical cichlids were categorized according to their diet and, using different codon selection analyses, different protein sites positively selected were observed in specialist and generalist species. The lineages of predatory fish showed evidence of a stronger evolution of the RH1 gene when compared to other groups, indicating the influence of the diet on this group's visual evolution.
    Description: Ambientes aquáticos neotropicais possuem grande heterogeneidade de habitats, apresentando diferenças na intensidade luminosa na coluna d’água. A luminosidade está diretamente relacionada com o sistema visual dos vertebrados aquáticos, o que pode interferir em fatores ecológicos, como a alimentação. Em consideração à biodiversidade de espécies e diversas adaptações ecológicas observadas em ambientes aquáticos continentais, os ciclídeos neotropicais representam um bom modelo para estudos evolutivos. Este grupo possui diversas adaptações ao seu modo de vida e pode apresentar e acumular mutações em sítios específicos das proteínas visuais que podem ser relacionadas com tais adaptações. As proteínas visuais são codificadas por genes opsins, o que permite o estudo da intensidade de atuação da seleção natural sobre a proteína utilizando ferramentas moleculares. Com o objetivo de verificar se a dieta constitui um importante fator na diversificação do gene responsável pela visão escotópica destes vertebrados, foram utilizadas 40 espécies de ciclídeos neotropicais categorizadas de acordo com sua dieta e, por meio de diferentes análises de seleção de códons, foram observados diferentes sítios da proteína positivamente selecionados em espécies especialistas e generalistas. As linhagens de peixes predadores apresentaram evidências de uma rápida seleção do gene RH1 quando comparadas a outros grupos, indicando a influência da dieta na evolução visual deste grupo.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes ciclídeos (Cichlidae) ; Peixes de água doce ; Sistema visual ; Evolução molecular ; Proteínas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular biology ; ASFA_2015::P::Proteins ; ASFA_2015::V::Vision ; ASFA_2015::R::Rhodopsin ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment ; ASFA_2015::P::Physiology (fish)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 44pp.
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  • 20
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: We describe seven new species of Physocypria sensu latu from three of the main Brazilian floodplains: Gen. 1 spec. A gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 1 spec. B gen. et spec. nov. from the Upper Paraná River floodplain and the South Matogrossense Pantanal, Gen. 2 spec. C gen. et spec. nov., Gen. 1 spec. D gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 2 spec. E gen. et spec. nov. from the South Matogrossense Pantanal only and Gen. 1 spec. F gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 1 spec. G gen. et spec. nov. only from the Amazon River floodplain. All new species here described were found in sexual populations. Generally, the new species have a short and suboval carapace, with the left valve overlapping the right valve on all sides, except for the dorsal side in some species. The morphology of hemipenis and prehensile palps, together with the shape of the valves, were most important to distinguish the species. However, several other morphological characters from limb chaetotaxy are discussed, e.g., the absence in all new species of the short accompanying seta of the five natatory setae on antenna; the presence in all new species of a long seta next to the two a-seta on the first thoracopod and the presence/absence or length of specific setae on second and third thoracopod. We discuss the taxonomic position of the seven new species by evaluating the validity of extant genera, especially of Keysercypria Karanovic, 2011, and foreshadow that our seven new species represent two new genera of Cyclocypridinae.
    Description: Sete novas espécies de Physocypria sensu latu foram descritas de três das principais planícies brasileiras: Gen. 1 spec. A gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 1 spec. B gen. et spec. nov. da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense, Gen. 2 spec. C gen. et spec. nov., Gen. 1 spec. D gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 2 spec. E gen. et spec. nov. somente do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense e Gen. 1 spec. F gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 1 spec. G gen. et spec. nov. somente da planície de inundação do rio Amazonas. Todas as novas espécies aqui descritas foram encontradas em populações sexuadas. Em geral, as novas espécies têm uma carapaça curta e suboval, com a valva esquerda sobrepondo a valva direita em todos os lados, com exceção do lado dorsal em algumas espécies. A morfologia do hemipênis e dos palpos preênseis, juntamente com a forma das valvas, foram as mais importantes para distinguir as espécies. A ausência em todas as novas espécies das cerdas curtas que acompanham as cinco cerdas natatórias nas antenas; a presença em todas as novas espécies de uma cerda longa ao lado das duas a-cerdas no primeiro toracópode e a presença/ausência ou comprimento de cerdas específicas no segundo e terceiro toracópodes são características presentes nos apêndices utilizadas para distinção dos novos gêneros e espécies. Discutiu-se a posição taxonômica das sete novas espécies avaliando a validade dos gêneros existentes, especialmente da Keysercypria Karanovic, 2011, e concluiu-se que nossas sete novas espécies representam dois novos gêneros de Cyclocypridinae.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Physocypria sensu latu (Crustacea, Ostracoda) ; Candonidae ; Microcrustáceos de água doce ; Taxonomia descritiva ; Morfologia descritiva ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater crustaceans ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::M::Morphology (animal) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 115pp.
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  • 21
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: Biological invasions have been occurring at a faster pace as a result of anthropic actions. At the same time, climate change can increase invasion rates, and also favor invading organisms. One of the predictions for climate change is the increase in periods of drought, in some regions of the planet. In this way, environments that suffer from these disorders become more susceptible to invasion by aquatic plants, especially those that are adapted to different types of habitats. Within this context, the objectives were: (i) to determine the response of a native species (Hymenachne pernambucensis) and another invasive species (Urochloa arrecta) to extreme drought, and (ii) to test whether the interspecific competition between them is affected by stress caused by drought. An in situ experiment was carried out, in which the biomass and the length of the species were different for different levels of drought, in which the invasive species was superior to the native species. However, the intensity of relative competition had only different aerial biomass between species, but in this case the invasive species showed a preference for growth in monoculture than in polyculture. It was concluded, then, that the invasive species U. arrecta has greater resilience to droughts than the native species H. pernambucensis. However, the native species showed greater competitive ability. These results may explain the high dominance of this invasive species in the invaded sites, due to its better resistance to disturbances. In the same way, it demonstrates that native species can reduce the invasion rates of this species, considering that it does not grow well in the presence of neighbors.
    Description: Invasões biológicas vêm ocorrendo em um ritmo mais acelerado como resultado de ações antrópicas. Simultaneamente, as mudanças climáticas podem potencializar as taxas de invasão, e ainda favorecer organismos invasores. Uma das previsões para as mudanças climáticas é o aumento dos períodos de seca, em algumas regiões do planeta. Desta forma, ambientes que sofrem esses distúrbios se tornam mais suscetíveis à invasão por plantas aquáticas, em especial por aquelas que estão adaptadas a diversos tipos de habitats. Dentro deste contexto, os objetivos foram de: (i) determinar a resposta de uma espécie nativa (Hymenachne pernambucensis) e outra invasora (Urochloa arrecta) a uma seca extrema, e (ii) testar se a competição interespecífica entre ambas é afetada pelo estresse provocado pela seca. Foi realizado um experimento in situ, no qual a biomassa e o comprimento das espécies foram diferentes para diferentes níveis de seca, em que a espécie invasora foi superior a espécie nativa. Porém, a intensidade de competição relativa teve apenas a biomassa aérea diferente entre as espécies, mas nesse caso a espécie invasora demonstrou preferência por crescimento em monocultura do que em policultura. Concluiu-se, então, que a espécie invasora U. arrecta apresenta maior resiliência a secas do que a espécie nativa H. pernambucensis. Porém, a espécie nativa demonstrou maior habilidade competitiva. Esses resultados podem explicar a alta dominância dessa espécie invasora nos locais invadidos, devido a esta resistir melhor aos distúrbios. De mesmo modo, demonstra que espécies nativas podem reduzir as taxas de invasão dessa espécie, tendo em vista que ela não cresce bem na presença de vizinhos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Espécies invasoras ; Resiliência ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater plants ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::R::Resilience (ecosystem) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 32pp.
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  • 22
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: Global climate change influences the precipitation patterns, which can have dramatic effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecology. In order to create mitigation strategies is required a deep understanding of the mechanisms and rates of climate change. Lakes and wetlands are sentinels of environmental changes because their sediments and water columns serve as sensitive records of the climate, hydrology, and anthropogenic (human-induced) processes. The Pantanal, located in the Upper Paraguay River, is considered the largest wetland on Earth, and it performs numerous ecosystem services, has an immense biodiversity and is fundamental to global biogeochemical cycles. The environmental changes that occurred on the western border of the Pantanal during the last 19 cal kyr BP were interpreted based on the paleolimnological analysis of sedimentary cores recovered in the Negra and Cáceres lakes. The cores, show variations in the abundance, diversity, and preservation of sponge spicules, phytoliths, and geochemistry of sediments over time. In the Late Pleistocene, the Lakes Negra and Cáceres were strongly influenced by the South American Monsoon System, with intense fluvial activity during a more humid climate. The accumulation of organic carbon in the Pantanal floodplain lakes varied throughout the Late Quaternary. In the Middle Holocene, however, there were drier periods when these lakes were disconnected from the Paraguay River. High levels of organic carbon have been recorded from ~ 7.3-6 cal kyr BP. The records of δ13Corg, δ15Norg and C/N revealed that the organic matter deposited during this phase in the Gaíva, Castelo, Cáceres, and Negra lakes are the source of aquatic macrophytes. It is suggested that the increase in carbon burial in these lakes occurred in a drier climate, in which there was a decrease in the pelagic area. However, the productive coastal areas remained flooded and without the influence of the flood pulses, which were colonized by extensive mats of aquatic macrophytes. The prolonged drier climate resulted in the desiccation and subaerially exposed lake floor, causing sedimentary gaps close to the transition to the Late Holocene. The data suggest that the lakes in the Pantanal floodplain respond in a complex and sometimes indirect way to global climate change. In this sense, the dynamics of the adjacent river system must be considered when interpreting paleohydrology and vegetation patterns. The results of this study allowed new interpretations about the hydroclimatic controls of the lacustrine carbon cycling in the Pantanal wetlands.
    Description: As mudanças climáticas globais resultam em alterações nos padrões de precipitação, que podem ter efeitos dramáticos na ecologia aquática e terrestre. Para criar estratégias de mitigação de impactos é necessário um profundo entendimento dos mecanismos e taxas das mudanças climáticas. Os lagos e as áreas úmidas são considerados sentinelas das mudanças ambientais, porque seus sedimentos e colunas de água servem como registros sensíveis dos processos climáticos, hidrológicos e antropogênicos (induzidos pelo homem) da região. O Pantanal, localizado no alto rio Paraguai, é considerada a maior área úmida do planeta e desempenha inúmeros serviços ecossistêmicos, abriga uma imensa biodiversidade e é fundamental para os ciclos biogeoquímicos globais. As mudanças ambientais ocorridas na borda oeste do Pantanal durante os últimos 19 k anos AP foram interpretadas com base na análise paleolimnológica de testemunhos sedimentares recuperados nas lagoas Negra e Cáceres. Os testemunhos mostram variações na abundância, diversidade e preservação de espículas de esponja, fitólitos e geoquímica dos sedimentos ao longo do tempo. No final do Pleistoceno, as lagoas Negra e Cáceres foram influenciadas fortemente pelo Sistema de Monção Sul-Americano, com atividade fluvial intensa durante um clima mais úmido que o atual. A acumulação de carbono orgânico nas lagoas da planície de inundação do Pantanal variou ao longo do Quaternário Tardio. No Holoceno Médio, entretanto, houve períodos mais secos que o atual, em que essas lagoas foram desconectadas do rio Paraguai. Altos teores de carbono orgânico foram registrados a partir de ~7,3-6 k anos AP. Os registros de δ13Corg, δ15Norg e C/N revelaram que a matéria orgânica depositada durante essa fase nas lagoas Gaíva, Castelo, Cáceres e Negra (direcionadas em um transecto Norte-Sul) tem como fonte as macrófitas aquáticas. Sugere-se que o aumento no enterro de carbono ocorreu em um clima mais seco, no qual houve a diminuição da área pelágica dessas lagoas. No entanto, as áreas litorâneas produtivas permaneceram alagadas e sem influência dos pulsos de inundação, as quais foram colonizadas por extensos bancos de macrófitas aquáticas. O clima mais seco prolongado resultou na dessecação e exposição do fundo de alguns dessas lagoas, ocasionando hiatos sedimentares próximo à transição para o Holoceno Tardio. Os dados sugerem que as lagoas da planície de inundação do Pantanal respondem de maneira complexa e, às vezes, indireta às mudanças climáticas. Nesse sentido, a dinâmica do sistema fluvial adjacente deve ser considerada na interpretação dos padrões de paleoidrologia e vegetação. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram novas interpretações sobre os controles hidroclimáticos da ciclagem de carbono lacustre nas zonas úmidas do Pantanal.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Paleoecologia ; Microfósseis de água doce ; Espículas de esponjas ; Microfósseis de plantas ; Fitólitos ; Geomorfologia fluvial ; Mudanças climáticas ; Lagoas ; Quaternário Tardio ; ASFA_2015::P::Palaeoecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Fossils ; ASFA_2015::S::Sponges ; ASFA_2015::O::Organic carbon ; ASFA_2015::W::Wetlands ; ASFA_2015::H::Holocene ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater lakes ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::G::Geomorphology ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::P::Plant fossils ; ASFA_2015::F::Fresh water ; ASFA_2015::R::Rivers
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 109pp.
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  • 23
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-30
    Description: Species are heterogeneously distributed and environmental changes, such as the construction of dams or extreme climate events, can modify the dynamics of aquatic organisms. Understanding the processes that drive diversity, across long time periods, can help in the establishment of increasingly accurate conservation measures. This thesis evaluated the patterns of β diversity and metacommunity structure at different spatial and temporal scales in three independent studies in the Upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. The first analyzed the seasonal variation of zooplankton β and Elements of Metacommunity Structure [EMS] of zooplankton, over four years (two years of prolonged drought and two years of extreme flooding), and on a smaller (sub-basins) and a larger scale (floodplain). Regardless of the hydrological period and spatial scale, zooplanktonic metacommunity structure remained practically constant throughout the four years, with the predominance of the Clementsian pattern. The predominance of the Clementsian pattern suggests that the associations of zooplankton species in the floodplain responded similarly to the environmental gradient and that the responses differed among species groups. In the second, the taxonomic (LCBD-t) and functional (LCBD-f) ecological uniqueness of zooplankton over 19 years was determined in lakes and lotic systems of two sub-basins (dammed and free-flowing), in addition to investigating which processes (temporal, environmental and biological) drive LCBD-t and LCBD-f. Regardless of the characteristics of each sub-basin, the highest LCBD-t and LCBD-f were related to lower species and trait richness, respectively. The temporal processes were the main drivers of the ecological uniqueness of zooplankton, and they were more important than the biological processes (phytoplankton biovolume and fish biomass, representing food resource and potential predation, respectively). Finally, it was tested whether, in a dammed sub-basin, a prolonged drought makes aquatic metacommunities (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish) more similar over time than a period that includes extreme flood events. Only zooplankton underwent homogenization during this period. The β diversity of phytoplankton and fish did not change between different hydrological periods, indicating that the dispersion type (passive or active) does not interfere with drought homogenization. The response between the biological groups was different, reinforcing that the groups are not surrogates of each other. The greater β diversity in the period with extreme floods shows, at least for zooplankton, the importance of the flood pulse, reducing the negative effects of prolonged drought in a dammed sub-basin. The results showed the predominance of a metacommunity pattern resulting from high turnover (Clementsian), indicating that conservation measures should include a greater number of sites, including those with less richness, as they may have a different composition (〉 LCBD). We also emphasize the importance of considering different scales, as each can provide unique insights. It is important that biodiversity studies consider β diversity to understand the mechanisms that drive the metacommunity in the face of environmental changes, especially over longer time scales.
    Description: As espécies estão distribuídas de forma heterogênea e alterações ambientais, como a construção de reservatórios ou eventos climáticos extremos, podem modificar a dinâmica dos organismos aquáticos. Entender os processos que impulsionam a diversidade, em longos períodos de tempo, pode auxiliar no estabelecimento de medidas de conservação cada vez mais precisas. Esta tese avaliou os padrões de diversidade β e estrutura de metacomunidade em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais em três estudos independentes na planície de inundação do Alto rio Paraná, Brasil. No primeiro foi analisado a variação sazonal da diversidade β e Elementos da Estrutura da Metacomunidade [EMS] do zooplâncton, durante quatro anos (dois anos de seca prolongada e dois anos com inundação extrema), e em uma menor (sub-bacias) e maior escala (planície de inundação). Independente do período hidrológico e da escala, a estrutura da metacomunidade do zooplâncton se manteve praticamente constante ao longo dos quatro anos, com predomínio do padrão Clementsiano. A predominância desse padrão sugere que as associações de espécies responderam de forma semelhante ao gradiente ambiental e que as respostas diferiram entre os grupos de espécies. No segundo foi determinado a singularidade ecológica taxonômica (LCBD-t) e funcional (LCBD-f) do zooplâncton ao longo de 19 anos em lagos e sistemas lóticos de duas sub-bacias (represada e não represada), além de investigar quais processos (temporais, ambientais e biológicos) impulsionam a LCBD-t e LCBD-f. Independentemente das características de cada sub-bacia, os maiores LCBD-t e LCBD-f foram relacionados a menor riqueza de espécies e de traços, respectivamente. Os processos temporais foram os principais impulsionadores da singularidade ecológica do zooplâncton, sendo mais importante do que os processos biológicos (biovolume do fitoplâncton e biomassa dos peixes, representando recurso alimentar e potencial predador, respectivamente). Por último, foi testado se em uma sub-bacia represada, um período de seca prolongada torna as comunidades aquáticas (fitoplâncton, zooplâncton e peixes) mais semelhantes ao longo do tempo do que um período com inundações extremas. Apenas o zooplâncton sofreu homogeneização nesse período. A diversidade β do fitoplâncton e dos peixes não diferiu entre os períodos hidrológicos, indicando que o tipo de dispersão (passivo ou ativo) não interfere na homogeneização da seca. Como a resposta entre os grupos biológicos foi diferente, sugere-se que os grupos não são substitutos uns dos outros. A maior diversidade β no período com inundações extremas mostra, pelo menos para o zooplâncton, a importância do pulso de inundação, reduzindo os efeitos negativos da seca prolongada em uma sub-bacia represada. Os resultados mostraram a predominância de um padrão de metacomunidade resultante de alto turnover (Clementsiano), indicando que medidas de conservação devem incluir um maior número de locais, inclusive aqueles com menor riqueza, uma vez que podem ter composição distinta (〉 LCBD). Reforçamos também a importância de considerar diferentes escalas, uma vez que cada uma pode fornecer insights exclusivos. É importante que estudos de biodiversidade considerem a diversidade β para compreender os mecanismos que impulsionam as metacomunidade diante das alterações ambientais, especialmente em escalas temporais mais longas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Ecossistemas aquáticos continentais ; Metacomunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade-beta ; Traços funcionais ; Escala espaço-temporal ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystem diversity ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::S::Spatial variations ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 186pp.
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Page, H. N., Bahr, K. D., Cyronak, T., Jewett, E. B., Johnson, M. D., & McCoy, S. J. Responses of benthic calcifying algae to ocean acidification differ between laboratory and field settings. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 79(1), (2022): 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab232.
    Description: Accurately predicting the effects of ocean and coastal acidification on marine ecosystems requires understanding how responses scale from laboratory experiments to the natural world. Using benthic calcifying macroalgae as a model system, we performed a semi-quantitative synthesis to compare directional responses between laboratory experiments and field studies. Variability in ecological, spatial, and temporal scales across studies, and the disparity in the number of responses documented in laboratory and field settings, make direct comparisons difficult. Despite these differences, some responses, including community-level measurements, were consistent across laboratory and field studies. However, there were also mismatches in the directionality of many responses with more negative acidification impacts reported in laboratory experiments. Recommendations to improve our ability to scale responses include: (i) developing novel approaches to allow measurements of the same responses in laboratory and field settings, and (ii) researching understudied calcifying benthic macroalgal species and responses. Incorporating these guidelines into research programs will yield data more suitable for robust meta-analyses and will facilitate the development of ecosystem models that incorporate proper scaling of organismal responses to in situ acidification. This, in turn, will allow for more accurate predictions of future changes in ecosystem health and function in a rapidly changing natural climate.
    Description: We would like to thank the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program for organizing the fourth U.S. Ocean Acidification Principal Investigators meeting, which is where this synthesis was conceived. HNP was a postdoctoral research fellow at Mote Marine Laboratory. MDJ is a postdoctoral scholar at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. SJM is a Norma J. Lang early career fellow of the Phycological Society of America.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 25
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: The patterns and processes that cause a system of regionalization of organisms on the planet are historical and ecological hypotheses that biogeography seeks to elucidate. The Neotropical region is home to one of the greatest richness of freshwater fish in the world that exhibit distinct biogeographic patterns based on ecology, systematics, and evolution. Through methodologies within the scope of historical and/or ecological biogeography, the aims of this study are to present new approaches and contributions to the knowledge of the geographic distribution of freshwater fish in this region, investigating the evolutionary biogeography of Cnesterodontini and Anablepidae, as well as the spatial patterns of ichthyofauna beta-diversity in the Ivaí river basin, Paraná State. The results highlighted well-defined scenarios of the hydrological barriers formation, mainly between coastal basins and drainages that flow into the La Plata River system in South America. These findings enabled congruent relationships of biogeographic areas within the proposals for evolutionary diversification to the Neotropical freshwater fishes. Furthermore, dispersal events caused by headwater captures and sea-level changes satisfactorily complemented the biogeographic patterns and area relationships evidenced for other Neotropical fish lineages, showing similar diversification patterns in the Central Brazil drainages and in the Atlantic coast drainages. The results also showed strong spatial segregation of the ichthyofauna throughout the Ivaí River basin (upper Paraná River system) with emphasis on the mutual influences of niche- and dispersal-based processes. These findings can support new theoretical and methodological references for the main mechanisms and patterns specific to the metacommunities of aquatic organisms. Applying the results herein obtained in historical and ecological consonance has great potential to aid an effective management for the conservation of freshwater fish diversity, whether considering lineages with species at high risk of extinction or even river basins of fundamental importance for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functionality in continental aquatic environments.
    Description: Os padrões e processos que ocasionam um sistema de regionalização dos organismos no planeta são hipóteses históricas e ecológicas que a biogeografia busca elucidar. A região Neotropical abriga uma das maiores riquezas de peixes de água doce do mundo, os quais exibem padrões biogeográficos distintos baseados na ecologia, sistemática e evolução. Por intermédio de metodologias dentro do escopo da biogeografia histórica e/ou ecológica, os objetivos deste estudo são apresentar novas abordagens e contribuições ao conhecimento da distribuição geográfica dos peixes de água doce nesta região ao investigar a biogeografia evolutiva de Cnesterodontini e Anablepidae, bem como os padrões espaciais da diversidade beta da ictiofauna na bacia do rio Ivaí, estado do Paraná. Os resultados destacaram cenários bem definidos da formação de barreiras hidrológicas, principalmente entre bacias hidrográficas costeiras e drenagens que fluem para o sistema do rio da Prata na América do Sul. Essas descobertas possibilitaram congruentes relacionamentos de áreas biogeográficas dentro das propostas de diversificação evolutiva à ictiofauna neotropical. Ainda, eventos de dispersão ocasionados por capturas de cabeceiras e mudanças no nível do mar complementaram satisfatoriamente os padrões biogeográficos e os relacionamentos de áreas evidenciados para outras linhagens de peixes neotropicais, apresentando padrões de diversificação semelhantes nas drenagens do Brasil Central e nas drenagens da costa atlântica. Os resultados também evidenciaram forte segregação espacial da ictiofauna ao longo da extensão da bacia do rio Ivaí (sistema do alto rio Paraná), com destaques às influências mútuas de processos baseados em nicho e dispersão. As novas descobertas podem subsidiar referenciais teóricos e metodológicos para os principais mecanismos e padrões específicos às metacomunidades de organismos aquáticos. A aplicação dos resultados aqui obtidos em consonância histórica e ecológica tem grande potencial ao auxílio de um manejo eficaz para a conservação da diversidade de peixes de água doce, seja considerando linhagens com espécies enquadradas em elevado risco de extinção, ou até mesmo bacias hidrográficas de fundamental importância para a manutenção da biodiversidade e funcionalidade ecossistêmica em ambientes aquáticos continentais.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) "Onesided livebearer" ; Cnesterodontini (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) ; Peixes de água doce de pequeno porte ; Biogeografia cladística e conservação ; Ictiofauna Neotropical ; Metacomunidades aquáticas ; Áreas prioritárias ; Padrões de diversidade beta ; Linhagem marinha ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::C::Cladistics ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 161pp.
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  • 26
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: The assessment of sustainable development in sub-watersheds plays a central role in rationalizing the decisions taken. A promising form of average indicators of this development is through indicators, and when many are used, they are usually aggregated into indices, which provide a simplified and multidimensional view of the system under analysis. Several sustainability indices for watersheds are proposed in the literature. However, incorporation of extraordinary indicators, that biodiversity, a gap is still a major upgrade. Therefore, the use of biodiversity indicators as representative of the environmental dimension constitutes an advance on the indices presented in the literature recently. The objective was to evaluate the sustainability gradient in the hydrographic basins of the Upper Paraná River, through an eco-environmental sustainability index of hydrographic sub-basins (ISE-sb) that incorporates protected ecological. For this purpose, the indicators selected based on the propositions of Agenda 2030 were identified in four dimensions of sustainability, economic, economic, environmental and thought through a process of sustainability: normal and social. Then, the importance of the indicators was considered, using the multi-criteria analysis based on the Hierarchical Process Analysis (HP) method. The ISE-sb was calculated by means of the weighted media between the sub-indices that represent as dimensions. Finally, we apply the Gi* statistic to identify hotspots and coldspots. The results show that among the dimensions of sustainability, the highest was the one that presented a positive amount of low values. The regions located in the eastern portion, or serra do mar, southern portion, and the Federal District formed sustainability hotspots, while the sub-basins located in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais formed the sustainability coldposts. A sustainable spatial planning of the hydrographic sub-basins is recommended, adopting cold areas as priorities for sustainability. It highlights the main methodological limitation, a potential reproducibility of the tool in other spaces.
    Description: A avaliação do desenvolvimento sustentável em sub-bacias hidrográficas tem um papel central na racionalização das tomadas de decisões. Uma forma promissora de medir esse desenvolvimento, é por meio de indicadores, e quando muitos indicadores são usados, eles são usualmente agregados em índices, que fornecem uma visão simplificadae multidimensional do sistema em análise. Diversos índices de sustentabilidade para bacias hidrográficas são propostos na literatura. Entretanto, a incorporação de indicadores ecológicos aquáticos, que agreguem aspectos da biodiversidade é, ainda, uma lacuna ainda a ser preenchida. Portanto, a utilização de indicadores de biodiversidade como representantes da dimensão ambiental, se constitui em um avanço aos índices recentemente apresentados na literatura. O objetivo ,foi avaliar o gradiente de sustentabilidade nas bacias hidrográficas do alto rio Paraná, por meio de um índice de sustentabilidade ecoambiental de sub-bacias (ISE-sb) que incorpora indicadores ecológicos aquáticos. Com esse propósito, os indicadores selecionados com base nas proposições da Agenda 2030, foram divididos em quatro dimensões de sustentabilidade: social, econômica, ecoambiental e ambiental negativo, e passaram por um processo de normalização e filtragem. Em seguida, foi ponderada a importância dos indicadores, utilizando-se da análise de multicritério baseada no método Análise de Processos Hierárquicos (AHP).O ISE-sb foi calculado por meio da média ponderada entre os subíndices que representam as dimensões. Por fim aplicamos a estatística espacial Gi* para identificar agrupamentos de hotspots e coldspots. Os resultados mostram que entre as dimensões da sustentabilidade, aquela que apresentou a maior quantidade de valores baixos, foia ambiental positiva. As regiões localizadas na porção leste, ou serra do mar, porção sul, e o Distrito Federal formaram hotspots de sustentabilidade, enquanto que as sub-bacias localizadas nos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul e Minas Gerais formaram os coldposts de sustentabilidade. Recomenda-se um planejamento espacial sustentável das sub-bacias hidrográficas, adotando as áreas de coldspots como prioritárias para sustentabilidade. Evidencia a principal limitação metodológica, a potencial reprodutibilidade da ferramenta em outros espaços.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Bacias hidrográficas ; Ecologia ; Manejo ; Conservação e preservação ; Sustentabilidade ; Biomonitoramento ; Ictiofauna ; Monitoramento ; Indicadores ambientais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::M::Management ; ASFA_2015::S::Sustainability ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::H::Hot spots
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 27
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: Human activities have caused degradation of aquatic ecosystems and reduced biodiversity. The dams in particular directly impact the spatial and temporal variation of aquatic communities, and especially the phytoplankton community that responds quickly and efficiently to changes in the environment. The impact of a dam in an Amazon river (Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant) on the spatial and temporal variation of the composition (beta diversity) of phytoplankton was investigated, from October 2009 to July 2017. The hypothesis was tested that the bus modifies beta diversity on a local and regional scale, and alters each location's contribution to beta diversity. The contribution of the sites to the beta diversity was evaluated as a function of the distance from the bus and the environmental heterogeneity. The phytoplankton composition was different between the phases before, fill and after the damming. Biotic homogenization was verified in the tributaries closest to the dam. The more distant sites presented greater contribution to diversity, but were associated with lower values of richness. The dam caused unidirectional changes, locally and regionally, that is, the community moved to a new state over time, and also caused biotic homogenization locally. The impact of the dam was observed only on the tributaries, indicating that run-of-river dams have a greater impact on the tributaries than on the main channel.
    Description: As atividades humanas têm causado degradação dos ecossistemas aquáticos e reduz a biodiversidade. Os barramentos em especial, impactam diretamente a variação espacial e temporal das comunidades aquáticas, e especialmente a comunidade fitoplanctônica que responde de forma rápida e eficiente às mudanças do ambiente. Investigou-se o impacto de um barramento em um rio amazônico (Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau) sobre a variação espacial e temporal da composição (diversidade beta) do fitoplâncton, no período de outubro de 2009 a julho de 2017. Foi testado a hipótese de que o barramento modifica a diversidade beta em escala local e regional, e altera a contribuição de cada local à diversidade beta. Avaliou-se a contribuição dos locais para a diversidade beta em função da distância do barramento e da heterogeneidade ambiental. A composição fitoplanctônica foi diferente entre as fases antes, enchimento e após o barramento. Verificou-se homogeneização biótica nos tributários mais próximos a barragem. Os locais mais distantes apresentaram maior contribuição a diversidade, mas foram associados a menores valores de riqueza. O barramento causou mudanças unidirecionais, localmente e regionalmente, ou seja, a comunidade passou para um novo estado ao longo do tempo, e também causou homogeneização biótica localmente. Observou-se o impacto do barramento somente nos tributários, indicando que as barragens a fio de água têm maior impacto nos tributários do que no canal principal.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Barramento ; Impactos antrópicos ; Diversidade beta ; Homogeneização biótica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotic environment ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Suca, J., Ji, R., Baumann, H., Pham, K., Silva, T., Wiley, D., Feng, Z., & Llopiz, J. Larval transport pathways from three prominent sand lance habitats in the Gulf of Maine. Fisheries Oceanography, 31(3), (2022): 333– 352, https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12580.
    Description: Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) are among the most critically important forage fish throughout the Northeast US shelf. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about the larval transport of this species. Here, we use otolith microstructure analysis to estimate hatch and settlement dates of sand lance and then use these measurements to parametrize particle tracking experiments to assess the source–sink dynamics of three prominent sand lance habitats in the Gulf of Maine: Stellwagen Bank, the Great South Channel, and Georges Bank. Our results indicate the pelagic larval duration of northern sand lance lasts about 2 months (range: 50–84 days) and exhibit a broad range of hatch and settlement dates. Forward and backward particle tracking experiments show substantial interannual variability, yet suggest transport generally follows the north to south circulation in the Gulf of Maine region. We find that Stellwagen Bank is a major source of larvae for the Great South Channel, while the Great South Channel primarily serves as a sink for larvae from Stellwagen Bank and Georges Bank. Retention is likely the primary source of larvae on Georges Bank. Retention within both Georges Bank and Stellwagen Bank varies interannually in response to changes in local wind events, while the Great South Channel only exhibited notable retention in a single year. Collectively, these results provide a framework to assess population connectivity among these sand lance habitats, which informs the species' recruitment dynamics and impacts its vulnerability to exploitation.
    Description: Funding came from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Woods Hole Sea Grant Program (Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NA18OAR4170104, Project No. R/O-57; RJ, HB, and JKL), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (IA agreement M17PG0019; DNW, HB, and JKL) including a subaward via the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (18-11-B-203), and a National Science Foundation Long-term Ecological Research grant for the Northeast US Shelf Ecosystem (OCE 1655686; RJ and JKL). JJS was funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program.
    Keywords: Gulf of Maine ; larval retention ; otolith microstructure ; particle tracking ; population connectivity ; sand lance
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: In this paper we simulate the earthquake that hit the city of L'Aquila on the 6th of April 2009 using SPEED (SPectral Elements in Elastodynamics with Discontinuous Galerkin), an open-source code able to simulate the propagation of seismic waves in complex three-dimensional (3D) domains. Our model includes an accurate 3D recon- struction of the Quaternary deposits, according to the most up-to-date data obtained from the Microzonation studies in Central Italy and a detailed model of the topography incorporated using a newly developed tool (May et al. 2021). The sensitivity of our results with respect to dfferent kinematic seismic sources is inves- tigated. The results obtained are in good agreement with the recordings at the available seismic stations at epicentral distances within a range of 20km. Finally, a blind source prediction scenario application shows a reasonably good agreement between simulations and recordings can be obtained by simulating stochastic rupture realizations with basic input data. These results, although limited to nine simulated scenarios, demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a satisfactory reconstruction of a ground shaking scenario employing a stochastic source constrained on a limited amount of ex-ante information. A similar approach can be used to model future and past earthquakes for which little or no information is typically available, with potential relevant implications for seismic risk assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29–49
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Description: On 29 December 2020, a shallow earthquake of magnitude Mw 6.4 struck northern Croatia, near the town of Petrinja, more than 24 hours after a strong foreshock (Ml 5). We formed a reconnaissance team of European geologists and engineers, from Croatia, Slovenia, France, Italy and Greece, rapidly deployed in the field to map the evidence of coseismic environmental effects. In the epicentral area, we recognized surface deformation, such as tectonic breaks along the earthquake source at the surface, liquefaction features (scattered in the fluvial plains of Kupa, Glina and Sava rivers), and slope failures, both caused by strong motion. Thanks to this concerted, collective and meticulous work, we were able to document and map a clear and unambiguous coseismic surface rupture associated with the main shock. The surface rupture appears discontinuous, consisting of multi-kilometer en échelon right stepping sections, along a NW-SE striking fault that we call the Petrinja-Pokupsko Fault (PPKF). The observed deformation features, in terms of kinematics and trace alignments, are consistent with slip on a right lateral fault, in agreement with the focal solution of the main shock. We found mole tracks, displacement on faults affecting natural features (e. g. drainage channels), scarplets, and more frequently breaks of anthropogenic markers (roads, fences). The surface rupture is observed over a length of ∼13 km from end-to-end, with a maximum displacement of 38 cm, and an average displacement of ∼10 cm. Moreover, the liquefaction extends over an area of nearly 600 km² around the epicenter. Typology of liquefaction features include sand blows, lateral spreading phenomenon along the road and river embankments, as well as sand ejecta of different grain size and matrix. Development of large and long fissures along the fluvial landforms, current or ancient, with massive ejections of sediments is pervasive. These features are sometimes accompanied by small horizontal displacements. Finally, the environmental effects of the earthquake appear to be reasonably consistent with the usual scaling relationships, in particular the surface faulting. This rupture of the ground occurred on or near traces of a fault that shows clear evidence of Quaternary activity. Further and detailed studies will be carried out to characterize this source and related faults in terms of future large earthquakes potential, for their integration into seismic hazard models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1394–1418
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity and tectonics ; Earthquake hazards ; Coseismic effects ; M6.4 Petrinja earthquake (Croatia)
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Fay, R., Hamel, S., van de Pol, M., Gaillard, J.-M., Yoccoz, N. G., Acker, P., Authier, M., Larue, B., Le Coeur, C., Macdonald, K. R., Nicol-Harper, A., Barbraud, C., Bonenfant, C., Van Vuren, D. H., Cam, E., Delord, K., Gamelon, M., Moiron, M., Pelletier, F., Rotella, J., Teplitsky, C., Visser, M. E., Wells, C. P., Wheelwright, N. T., Jenouvrier, S., & Saether, B.-E. Temporal correlations among demographic parameters are ubiquitous but highly variable across species. Ecology Letters, 25(7), (2022): 1640-1654, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14026.
    Description: Temporal correlations among demographic parameters can strongly influence population dynamics. Our empirical knowledge, however, is very limited regarding the direction and the magnitude of these correlations and how they vary among demographic parameters and species’ life histories. Here, we use long-term demographic data from 15 bird and mammal species with contrasting pace of life to quantify correlation patterns among five key demographic parameters: juvenile and adult survival, reproductive probability, reproductive success and productivity. Correlations among demographic parameters were ubiquitous, more frequently positive than negative, but strongly differed across species. Correlations did not markedly change along the slow-fast continuum of life histories, suggesting that they were more strongly driven by ecological than evolutionary factors. As positive temporal demographic correlations decrease the mean of the long-run population growth rate, the common practice of ignoring temporal correlations in population models could lead to the underestimation of extinction risks in most species.
    Description: This project was funded by the CNRS, including a long-term support by the OSU-OREME. Data collection for Weddell seals was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs under grant number ANT-1640481 to J.J. Rotella, R.A. Garrott and D.B. Siniff and prior NSF Grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff and J. Ward Testa. Stéphanie Jenouvrier acknowledges the support of the NSF 1840058.
    Keywords: capture-recapture ; demographic correlation ; demography ; environmental stochasticity ; slow-fast continuum ; stochastic population dynamics ; temporal covariation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: In the last years the scientific literature has been enriched with new models of the Moho depth in the Antarctica Continent derived by the seismic reflection technique and refraction profiles, receiver functions and seismic surface waves, but also by gravimetric observations over the continent. In particular, the gravity satellite missions of the last two decades have provided data in this remote region of the Earth and have allowed the investigation of the crust properties. Meanwhile, other important contributions in this direction has been given by the fourth International Polar Year (IPY, 2007–2008) which started seismographic and geodetic networks of unprecedented duration and scale, including airborne gravimetry over largely unexplored Antarctic frontiers. In this study, a new model for the Antarctica Moho depths is proposed. This new estimation is based on no satellite gravity measures, thanks to the availability of the gravity database ANTGG2015, that collects gravity data from ground-base, airborne and shipborne campaigns. In this new estimate of the Moho depths the contribution of the gravity measures has been maximized reducing any correction of the gravity measures and avoiding constraints of the solution to seismological observations and to geological evidence. With this approach a pure gravimetric solution has been determined. The model obtained is pretty in agreement with other Moho models and thanks to the use of independent data it can be exploited also for cross-validating different Moho depths solutions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1404–1420
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Moho ; Gravity inversion ; Collocation ; ANTGG2015
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oxford University Press
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Journal International, Oxford University Press, 231, pp. 1959-1981
    Publication Date: 2022-09-16
    Description: Seismic reflection and refraction data were collected in 2007 and 2012 to reveal the crustal fabric on a single long composite profile offshore Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. A P-wave velocity model provides insights on the crustal fabric, and a gravity-constrained density model is used to describe the crustal and mantle structure. The models show that a 230-km- wide continent–ocean transition separates stretched continental from oceanic crust along our profile. While the oceanic crust close to the continent–ocean boundary is just 3.5–5 km thick, its thickness increases northwards towards the Southern Kerguelen Plateau to 12 km. This change is accompanied by thickening of a lower crustal layer with high P-wave velocities of up to 7.5 km s–1, marking intrusive rocks emplaced beneath the mid-ocean ridge under increasing influence of the Kerguelen plume. Joint interpretations of our crustal model, seismic reflection data and magnetic data sets constrain the age and extent of oceanic crust in the research area. Oceanic crust is shown to continue to around 160 km farther south than has been interpreted in previous data, with profound implications for plate kinematic models of the region. Finally, by combining our findings with a regional magnetic data compilation and regional seismic reflection data we propose a larger extent of oceanic crust in the Enderby Basin than previously known.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kuehn, E., Clausen, D. S., Null, R. W., Metzger, B. M., Willis, A. D., & Ozpolat, B. D. Segment number threshold determines juvenile onset of germline cluster expansion in Platynereis dumerilii. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, (2021.): 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23100.
    Description: Development of sexual characters and generation of gametes are tightly coupled with growth. Platynereis dumerilii is a marine annelid that has been used to study germline development and gametogenesis. P. dumerilii has germ cell clusters found across the body in the juvenile worms, and the clusters eventually form the gametes. Like other segmented worms, P. dumerilii grows by adding new segments at its posterior end. The number of segments reflect the growth state of the worms and therefore is a useful and measurable growth state metric to study the growth-reproduction crosstalk. To understand how growth correlates with progression of gametogenesis, we investigated germline development across several developmental stages. We discovered a distinct transition period when worms increase the number of germline clusters at a particular segment number threshold. Additionally, we found that keeping worms short in segment number, by manipulating environmental conditions or via amputations, supported a segment number threshold requirement for germline development. Finally, we asked if these clusters in P. dumerilii play a role in regeneration (as similar free-roaming cells are observed in Hydra and planarian regeneration) and found that the clusters were not required for regeneration in P. dumerilii, suggesting a strictly germline nature. Overall, these molecular analyses suggest a previously unidentified developmental transition dependent on the growth state of juvenile P. dumerilii leading to substantially increased germline expansion.
    Description: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R35GM138008 (to BDÖ) and R35GM133420 (to ADW) and Hibbitt Startup Funds (to BDÖ).
    Keywords: Annelida ; Critical size ; Developmental transition ; Gametogenesis ; Sexual reproduction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Tassia, M. G., David, K. T., Townsend, J. P., & Halanych, K. M. TIAMMAt: leveraging biodiversity to revise protein domain models, evidence from innate immunity. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(12), (2021): 5806–5818, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab258.
    Description: Sequence annotation is fundamental for studying the evolution of protein families, particularly when working with nonmodel species. Given the rapid, ever-increasing number of species receiving high-quality genome sequencing, accurate domain modeling that is representative of species diversity is crucial for understanding protein family sequence evolution and their inferred function(s). Here, we describe a bioinformatic tool called Taxon-Informed Adjustment of Markov Model Attributes (TIAMMAt) which revises domain profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) by incorporating homologous domain sequences from underrepresented and nonmodel species. Using innate immunity pathways as a case study, we show that revising profile HMM parameters to directly account for variation in homologs among underrepresented species provides valuable insight into the evolution of protein families. Following adjustment by TIAMMAt, domain profile HMMs exhibit changes in their per-site amino acid state emission probabilities and insertion/deletion probabilities while maintaining the overall structure of the consensus sequence. Our results show that domain revision can heavily impact evolutionary interpretations for some families (i.e., NLR’s NACHT domain), whereas impact on other domains (e.g., rel homology domain and interferon regulatory factor domains) is minimal due to high levels of sequence conservation across the sampled phylogenetic depth (i.e., Metazoa). Importantly, TIAMMAt revises target domain models to reflect homologous sequence variation using the taxonomic distribution under consideration by the user. TIAMMAt’s flexibility to revise any subset of the Pfam database using a user-defined taxonomic pool will make it a valuable tool for future protein evolution studies, particularly when incorporating (or focusing) on nonmodel species.
    Description: This work was supported by The National Science Foundation (Grant No. IOS—1755377 to K.M.H., Rita Graze, and Elizabeth Hiltbold Schwartz), and K.T.D. was supported by The National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program.
    Keywords: Protein evolution ; Domain annotation ; Animal evolution ; Innate immunity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sanders‐DeMott, R., Eagle, M., Kroeger, K., Wang, F., Brooks, T., Suttles, J., Nick, S., Mann, A., & Tang, J. Impoundment increases methane emissions in Phragmites‐invaded coastal wetlands. Global Change Biology, 28(15), (2022): 4539– 4557. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16217.
    Description: Saline tidal wetlands are important sites of carbon sequestration and produce negligible methane (CH4) emissions due to regular inundation with sulfate-rich seawater. Yet, widespread management of coastal hydrology has restricted tidal exchange in vast areas of coastal wetlands. These ecosystems often undergo impoundment and freshening, which in turn cause vegetation shifts like invasion by Phragmites, that affect ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding controls and scaling of carbon exchange in these understudied ecosystems is critical for informing climate consequences of blue carbon restoration and/or management interventions. Here, we (1) examine how carbon fluxes vary across a salinity gradient (4–25 psu) in impounded and natural, tidally unrestricted Phragmites wetlands using static chambers and (2) probe drivers of carbon fluxes within an impounded coastal wetland using eddy covariance at the Herring River in Wellfleet, MA, United States. Freshening across the salinity gradient led to a 50-fold increase in CH4 emissions, but effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) were less pronounced with uptake generally enhanced in the fresher, impounded sites. The impounded wetland experienced little variation in water-table depth or salinity during the growing season and was a strong CO2 sink of −352 g CO2-C m−2 year−1 offset by CH4 emission of 11.4 g CH4-C m−2 year−1. Growing season CH4 flux was driven primarily by temperature. Methane flux exhibited a diurnal cycle with a night-time minimum that was not reflected in opaque chamber measurements. Therefore, we suggest accounting for the diurnal cycle of CH4 in Phragmites, for example by applying a scaling factor developed here of ~0.6 to mid-day chamber measurements. Taken together, these results suggest that although freshened, impounded wetlands can be strong carbon sinks, enhanced CH4 emission with freshening reduces net radiative balance. Restoration of tidal flow to impounded ecosystems could limit CH4 production and enhance their climate regulating benefits.
    Description: This project was supported by USGS-NPS Natural Resources Preservation Program #2021-07, U.S. Geological Survey Coastal & Marine Hazards and Resources Program and the USGS Land Change Science Program's LandCarbon program, and NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative NA14NOS4190145. R Sanders-DeMott was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship and partnership with Restore America's Estuaries.
    Keywords: Blue carbon ; Coastal wetland ; Dike ; Eddy covariance ; Impoundment ; Methane ; Net ecosystem exchange ; Phragmites ; Restoration ; Static chambers
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Shoshan, Y., Liscovitch-Brauer, N., Rosenthal, J. J. C., & Eisenberg, E. Adaptive proteome diversification by nonsynonymous A-to-I RNA editing in coleoid cephalopods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(9), (2021): 3775–3788, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab154.
    Description: RNA editing by the ADAR enzymes converts selected adenosines into inosines, biological mimics for guanosines. By doing so, it alters protein-coding sequences, resulting in novel protein products that diversify the proteome beyond its genomic blueprint. Recoding is exceptionally abundant in the neural tissues of coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes), with an over-representation of nonsynonymous edits suggesting positive selection. However, the extent to which proteome diversification by recoding provides an adaptive advantage is not known. It was recently suggested that the role of evolutionarily conserved edits is to compensate for harmful genomic substitutions, and that there is no added value in having an editable codon as compared with a restoration of the preferred genomic allele. Here, we show that this hypothesis fails to explain the evolutionary dynamics of recoding sites in coleoids. Instead, our results indicate that a large fraction of the shared, strongly recoded, sites in coleoids have been selected for proteome diversification, meaning that the fitness of an editable A is higher than an uneditable A or a genomically encoded G.
    Description: This research was supported by a grants from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel (BSF2017262 to J.J.C.R. and E.E.), the Israel Science Foundation (3371/20 to E.E.) and the National Science Foundation (IOS 1827509 and 1557748 to J.J.C.R).
    Keywords: RNA editing ; Adaptation ; Evolution
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Tsakalakis, I., Follows, M. J., Dutkiewicz, S., Follett, C. L., & Vallino, J. J. Diel light cycles affect phytoplankton competition in the global ocean. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 31(9), (2022): 1838-1849, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13562.
    Description: Aim Light, essential for photosynthesis, is present in two periodic cycles in nature: seasonal and diel. Although seasonality of light is typically resolved in ocean biogeochemical–ecosystem models because of its significance for seasonal succession and biogeography of phytoplankton, the diel light cycle is generally not resolved. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the impact of diel light cycles on phytoplankton competition and biogeography in the global ocean. Location Global ocean. Major taxa studied Phytoplankton. Methods We use a three-dimensional global ocean model and compare simulations of high temporal resolution with and without diel light cycles. The model simulates 15 phytoplankton types with different cell sizes, encompassing two broad ecological strategies: small cells with high nutrient affinity (gleaners) and larger cells with high maximal growth rate (opportunists). Both are grazed by zooplankton and limited by nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. Results Simulations show that diel cycles of light induce diel cycles in limiting nutrients in the global ocean. Diel nutrient cycles are associated with higher concentrations of limiting nutrients, by 100% at low latitudes (−40° to 40°), a process that increases the relative abundance of opportunists over gleaners. Size classes with the highest maximal growth rates from both gleaner and opportunist groups are favoured by diel light cycles. This mechanism weakens as latitude increases, because the effects of the seasonal cycle dominate over those of the diel cycle. Main conclusions Understanding the mechanisms that govern phytoplankton biogeography is crucial for predicting ocean ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycles. We show that the diel light cycle has a significant impact on phytoplankton competition and biogeography, indicating the need for understanding the role of diel processes in shaping macroecological patterns in the global ocean.
    Description: Simons Collaboration on Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems supported M.J.F. and S.D. on CBIOMES grant #549931; C.L.F. on CBIOMES grants #827829 and #553242; and J.J.V. and I.T. on CBIOMES grant #549941. The National Science Foundation supported I.T. and J.J.V. on award #1558710 and J.J.V. on awards #1637630, #1655552 and #1841599.
    Keywords: Biogeography ; Diel light cycle ; Global ocean ; Modelling ; Nutrient cycles ; Phytoplankton ; Resource competition
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Walter, J. A., Castorani, M. C. N., Bell, T. W., Sheppard, L. W., Cavanaugh, K. C., & Reuman, D. C. Tail-dependent spatial synchrony arises from nonlinear driver-response relationships. Ecology Letters, 25, (2022): 1189– 1201, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13991.
    Description: Spatial synchrony may be tail-dependent, that is, stronger when populations are abundant than scarce, or vice-versa. Here, ‘tail-dependent’ follows from distributions having a lower tail consisting of relatively low values and an upper tail of relatively high values. We present a general theory of how the distribution and correlation structure of an environmental driver translates into tail-dependent spatial synchrony through a non-linear response, and examine empirical evidence for theoretical predictions in giant kelp along the California coastline. In sheltered areas, kelp declines synchronously (lower-tail dependence) when waves are relatively intense, because waves below a certain height do little damage to kelp. Conversely, in exposed areas, kelp is synchronised primarily by periods of calmness that cause shared recovery (upper-tail dependence). We find evidence for geographies of tail dependence in synchrony, which helps structure regional population resilience: areas where population declines are asynchronous may be more resilient to disturbance because remnant populations facilitate reestablishment.
    Description: This research was supported by NSF-OCE awards 2023555, 2023523, 2140335, 2023474, and the James S McDonnell Foundation. This project used data developed through the Santa Barbara Coastal Long Term Ecological Research project, funded through NSF-OCE 1831937.
    Keywords: Copula ; Disturbance ; Giant kelp ; Macrocystis pyrifera ; Nutrients ; Stability ; Synchrony ; Waves
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rypkema, N., Schmidt, H., & Fischell, E. Synchronous-clock range-angle relative acoustic navigation: a unified approach to multi-AUV localization, command, control, and coordination. Journal of Field Robotics, 2(1), (2022): 774–806, https://doi.org/10.55417/fr.2022026.
    Description: This paper presents a scalable acoustic navigation approach for the unified command, control, and coordination of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Existing multi-AUV operations typically achieve coordination manually by programming individual vehicles on the surface via radio communications, which becomes impractical with large vehicle numbers; or they require bi-directional intervehicle acoustic communications to achieve limited coordination when submerged, with limited scalability due to the physical properties of the acoustic channel. Our approach utilizes a single, periodically broadcasting beacon acting as a navigation reference for the group of AUVs, each of which carries a chip-scale atomic clock and fixed ultrashort baseline array of acoustic receivers. One-way travel-time from synchronized clocks and time-delays between signals received by each array element allow any number of vehicles within receive distance to determine range, angle, and thus determine their relative position to the beacon. The operator can command different vehicle behaviors by selecting between broadcast signals from a predetermined set, while coordination between AUVs is achieved without intervehicle communication by defining individual vehicle behaviors within the context of the group. Vehicle behaviors are designed within a beacon-centric moving frame of reference, allowing the operator to control the absolute position of the AUV group by repositioning the navigation beacon to survey the area of interest. Multiple deployments with a fleet of three miniature, low-cost SandShark AUVs performing closed-loop acoustic navigation in real-time provide experimental results validated against a secondary long-baseline positioning system, demonstrating the capabilities and robustness of our approach with real-world data.
    Description: This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Lincoln Laboratory, and the Reuben F. and Elizabeth B. Richards Endowed Funds at WHOI.
    Keywords: Underwater robotics ; Navigation ; Multirobot systems ; Localization ; Marine robotics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Castorani, M. C. N., Bell, T. W., Walter, J. A., Reuman, D. C., Cavanaugh, K. C., & Sheppard, L. W. Disturbance and nutrients synchronise kelp forests across scales through interacting Moran effects. Ecology Letters, 25(8), (2022): 1854-1868, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14066.
    Description: Spatial synchrony is a ubiquitous and important feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of this phenomenon are not well understood. In particular, it is largely unknown how multiple environmental drivers interact to determine synchrony via Moran effects, and how these impacts vary across spatial and temporal scales. Using new wavelet statistical techniques, we characterised synchrony in populations of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, a widely distributed marine foundation species, and related synchrony to variation in oceanographic conditions across 33 years (1987–2019) and 〉900 km of coastline in California, USA. We discovered that disturbance (storm-driven waves) and resources (seawater nutrients)—underpinned by climatic variability—act individually and interactively to produce synchrony in giant kelp across geography and timescales. Our findings demonstrate that understanding and predicting synchrony, and thus the regional stability of populations, relies on resolving the synergistic and antagonistic Moran effects of multiple environmental drivers acting on different timescales.
    Description: This study was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) through linked NSF-OCE awards 2023555, 2023523, 2140335, and 2023474 to M.C.N.C., K.C.C., T.W.B., and D.C.R., respectively. The research was initiated during a synthesis working group at the Long Term Ecological Research Network Office and National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis funded under NSF-DEB award 1545288. D.C.R. and L.W.S. were also partly supported by NSF award 1714195, the McDonnell Foundation, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Delta Science Program. This project used data developed through the Santa Barbara Coastal Long Term Ecological Research project, funded through NSF-OCE award 1831937.
    Keywords: Coherence ; Disturbance ; Moran effect ; Nitrate ; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ; Oceanography ; Population dynamics ; Remote sensing ; Spatial synchrony ; Wavelet transforms
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  • 42
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: Invasive species can have many negative impacts on the biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health and the economy, and therefore need to be managed. An amphibious weed of global importance, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the macroecological patterns of its biological control were evaluated using one of its main specialist herbivores, Agasicles hygrophila. This was considered the first successful case of biological control of an aquatic plant, although it is not equally effective on a global scale. Due to their different environmental tolerances and the greater phenotypic plasticity of the plant, the distribution of both species do not always overlap in the globe, creating geographic variability in the efficiency of biocontrol. The first approach was to analyze the current global potential distribution of A. philoxeroides and A. hygrophila to seek the areas of overlaps and gaps between them. The overlapping areas would be the most relevant for using A. hygrophila as alligator weed biological control in the globe. However, in response of climate change, it seems that the alligator weed is worryingly spreading across the globe, which can worsen in future scenarios and alter its distribution in the next decades. The second approach evaluated the effects of climate change on the global distribution of A. philoxeroides and A. hygrophila. New distribution areas for both species in future global warming scenarios and new overlapping and non-overlapping areas across the globe were identified. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were applied in both chapters to predict the potential distribution of the two species in present and future scenarios considering different environmental predictors in each one. Currently, the southeast coast of the USA, southeast China and New South Wales, Australia are the most favorable areas in the world to apply alligator weed biocontrol, while the west coast and mid-latitudes in the east of the USA and the eastern Australia are not favorable. The results were corroborated by reports in the literature that demonstrated successful control in overlapping areas and failures in non-overlapping areas of the models’ distributions. However, while general geographic patterns will hold in future scenarios, it is predicted a major northward expansion of the alligator weed, but not of the insect, especially in the USA, Canada, Europe, China, South Korea and Japan, which will create a new zone of low or no control efficiency at higher latitudes. These macroecological patterns will help direct efforts to apply the biological control for the alligator weed not only today, but also in future climate change scenarios.
    Description: Espécies invasoras podem causar muitos impactos negativos na biodiversidade, nos serviços ecossistêmicos, na saúde humana e na economia e, portanto, precisam ser manejadas. Avaliou-se uma erva daninha anfíbia de importância global, Alternanthera philoxeroides, e nos padrões macroecológicos de seu controle biológico usando um de seus principais herbívoros especialistas, Agasicles hygrophila. Este foi considerado o primeiro caso bem sucedido de controle biológico de uma macrófita, embora não seja igualmente eficaz em escala global. Devido às suas diferentes tolerâncias ambientais e à maior plasticidade fenotípica da planta, a distribuição de ambas as espécies nem sempre se sobrepõe no globo, criando variabilidade geográfica na eficiência do biocontrole. O primeiro enfoque foi analisar a distribuição potencial global atual de A. philoxeroides e A. hygrophila para buscar as áreas de sobreposição e não sobreposição entre elas. As áreas sobrepostas seriam as mais relevantes para o uso de A. hygrophila como controle biológico da erva-de-jacaré no globo. Entretanto, em resposta às mudanças climáticas, a erva-de-jacaré está se expandindo de forma preocupante pelo globo, o que pode agravar em cenários futuros e alterar sua distribuição nas próximas décadas. O segundo enfoque avaliou-se os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na distribuição global de A. philoxeroides e A. hygrophila. Identificou-se as novas áreas de distribuição para ambas as espécies em cenários futuros de aquecimento global e as novas áreas sobrepostas e não sobrepostas em todo o globo. Modelos de Distribuição de Espécies (MDEs) foram aplicados em ambas as abordagens para predizer a distribuição potencial das duas espécies em cenários presentes e futuros considerando diferentes preditores ambientais em cada um. Atualmente, a costa sudeste dos EUA, sudeste da China e Sidnei, Austrália, são as áreas mais favoráveis no mundo para aplicar o biocontrole da erva-de-jacaré, enquanto a costa oeste e latitudes médias no leste dos EUA e no leste da Austrália não são favoráveis. Os resultados foram corroborados por relatos na literatura que demonstraram controle bem-sucedido em áreas sobrepostas e mal-sucedido em áreas não sobrepostas das distribuições dos modelos. Entretanto, embora os padrões geográficos gerais se mantenham em cenários futuros, é prevista uma grande expansão da erva-de-jacaré, mas não do inseto, para o norte, especialmente nos EUA, Canadá, Europa, China, Coreia do Sul e Japão, o que criará uma nova zona de baixa ou nenhuma eficiência de controle em latitudes mais altas. Esses padrões macroecológicos ajudarão a direcionar os esforços para aplicar o controle biológico da erva-de-jacaré não apenas atualmente, mas também em cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) “erva-de-jacaré” ; Plantas aquáticas invasoras ; Macrófitas aquáticas de água doce ; Insetos especialistas ; Herbivoria ; Controle biológico ; Mudanças climáticas ; Macroecologia ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic insects ; ASFA_2015::B::Biological control ; ASFA_2015::I::Insects (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::H::Herbivores
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 76pp.
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  • 43
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-11
    Description: The industrial advance of Europe between the 19th and 20th centuries resulted in major environmental impacts. Among these impacts, the deposition of acid compounds through acid rain stands out, and this phenomenon led to the acidification of water bodies. However, from the 1980s on, with the application of stricter environmental regulations, a gradual recovery of abiotic parameters began, including pH values, which began to return to less acidic ranges. Thus, we investigated the responses of the benthic community to the gradual recovery of abiotic variables after years of intense acidification, analyzing changes in community structure and, specifically, variations in beta diversity. The study was developed with data from streams in Wales, collected and provided by two research projects that monitor the region's water bodies. The streams were classified according to abiotic characteristics and the surrounding vegetation (Acid Forest, Acid Moorland and Circumneutral Moorland). In the first approach, the community of 69 streams was analyzed, testing whether (i) the composition of macroinvertebrate communities differed among the types of environments and years analyzed; and whether (ii) in early years beta diversity among streams was lower than in more recent years, as well as in streams of a more acidic category. Samples were collected in 1984, 1995, and 2012, with the earliest year under the greatest influence of acidification. A segregation in macroinvertebrate composition was observed between 1984 and the other years, and this difference in community composition between the years suggests that environmental recovery with rising pH values, allowed the entry and establishment of new macroinvertebrate species in the streams. The lowest beta diversity value was also observed in 1984, indicating biotic homogenization in this period and an increase in community dissimilarity over time. In the second approach, we investigated the hypothesis that a gradual increase in temporal beta diversity (TBI) values occurs over time. This was done by sampling eight streams in Wales over the period 1985 to 2018, and comparing beta diversity between the reference year 1985 with all other years. There was an increase in TBI values over the years for all environments, showing evidence of biological recovery concomitant with restoration of abiotic values. The results contributed to the understanding that the biotic community also responds to environmental recovery, and there are different ways to evaluate this process, such as beta diversity. The importance of long-term research is emphasized so that such changes can be monitored.
    Description: O avanço industrial da Europa entre os séculos XIX e XX resultou em grandes impactos ambientais. Dentre esses impactos, destaca-se a deposição de compostos ácidos através da chuva ácida, e tal fenômeno levou à acidificação de corpos d’água. Contudo, a partir da década de 1980, com a aplicação de normas ambientais mais rígidas, teve início uma recuperação gradual dos parâmetros abióticos, incluindo os valores de pH, que começaram a retornar para faixas menos ácidas. Investigou-se as respostas da comunidade bentônica diante da recuperação gradual das variáveis abióticas após anos de intensa acidificação, analisando mudanças na estrutura da comunidade e, especificamente, as variações da diversidade beta. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos com dados de riachos do País de Gales, coletados e cedidos por dois projetos de pesquisas galeses que monitoram os corpos aquáticos da região, sendo os riachos classificados de acordo com as características abióticas e da vegetação do entorno (Acid Forest, Acid Moorland e Circumneutral Moorland). Na primeira abordagem, analisou-se a comunidade de 69 riachos, testando se (i) a composição das comunidades difere entre os tipos de ambientes e anos analisados; e se (ii) nos anos iniciais a diversidade beta entre os riachos foi menor do que nos anos mais recentes, assim como nos riachos de uma categoria mais ácida. As amostras foram coletadas em 1984, 1995 e 2012, sendo o ano mais antigo sob maior influência da acidificação. Observou-se uma segregação na composição da biota entre 1984 e os demais anos, e essa diferença na composição da comunidade entre os anos sugere que a recuperação ambiental com ascensão nos valores de pH, permitiu a entrada e estabelecimento de novas espécies de macroinvertebrados nos riachos. O menor valor de diversidade beta também foi observado em 1984, indicando homogeneização biótica neste período e aumento da dissimilaridade das comunidades com o tempo. Na segunda abordagem, investigou-se a hipótese de que ocorre um aumento gradativo nos valores de diversidade beta temporal (TBI) ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, foram amostrados oito riachos no País de Gales no período entre 1985 e 2018, e comparado a diversidade beta dos riachos entre o ano referência 1985 com todos os demais anos. Houve um aumento dos valores de TBI ao longo dos anos para todos ambientes, mostrando indícios de recuperação biológica concomitante com o restabelecimento dos valores abióticos. Os resultados contribuíram para o entendimento de que a comunidade biótica também responde à recuperação ambiental. Sendo a diversidade beta uma das formas de se avaliar tal processo. E ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas de longa duração para que tais respostas bióticas possam ser monitoradas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Macroinvertebrados bentônicos de água doce ; Diversidade beta ; Recuperação ambiental ; Acidificação ambiental ; Chuva ácida ; Riachos ; Riachos acidificados ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrobenthos ; ASFA_2015::A::Acid rain ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::A::Acidification ; ASFA_2015::S::Stream ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 44
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-12
    Description: Macrophytes are widely recognized for increasing habitat complexity and driving a relevant role in structuring communities in aquatic ecosystems. We investigated how the density, coverage and diversity of macrophytes can influence multiple aspects of fish community, including functional alpha and beta diversity, foraging efficiency, trophic niche breadth and overlap, total abundance and biomass of fish, as well as of certain species and sizes of fish. We used 30 macrophyte stands sampled in the littoral zone of a tropical river, as well as a dataset of 88 shallow temperate lakes. In the latter case, two spatial scales were considered (lake and points within a lake), since there is usually a negative relationship between fish and macrophyte coverage, and this relationship may be more evident at the point scale, while the effect is attenuated at the lake scale. The results showed that macrophytes can select functional characteristics of fish communities and influence their alpha and beta functional diversity. The highest values of functional alpha diversity occurred in intermediate macrophyte density and high macrophyte diversity. The variation in macrophyte density was strongly responsible for variations in functional beta diversity. Fish showed general trophic responses to the variation in macrophyte attributes, but these responses also depended on fish feeding habits, with herbivores niche breadth responding in the opposite way to omnivores. The increase in macrophyte density led to an increase in fish consumption of higher plants and foraging efficiency, and reduced trophic niche breadth. Fish niche overlap was higher at intermediate levels of macrophyte density. Fish responses depended on fish species identity, lake productivity and water depth. The deeper and more eutrophic the lakes, the more fish tended to occupy macrophyte-covered points within a lake. The results emphasize how aquatic plants can affect the fish community by influencing swimming, food availability and interactions between species, and that the relationship between fish and macrophytes can vary according to the scale of the study and the fish characteristics. The application of the results obtained here has great potential to help in projects of management and conservation of biodiversity, and in the choice of the best configurations of macrophyte stands for the maintenance of ichthyofauna.
    Description: As macrófitas são amplamente reconhecidas por aumentarem a complexidade do habitat e exercerem papel relevante na estruturação das comunidades em ecossistemas aquáticos. Investigou-se como a densidade, cobertura e diversidade de macrófitas podem influenciar múltiplos aspectos da comunidade de peixes, incluindo diversidade alfa e beta funcional, eficiência de forrageamento, amplitude e sobreposição de nicho trófico, abundância e biomassa de total de peixes, bem como de determinadas espécies e tamanhos de peixes. Utilizou-se 30 bancos de macrófitas amostrados na zona litorânea de um rio tropical, bem como, um conjunto de dados de 88 lagos rasos temperados. Neste ultimo caso, foram consideradas duas escalas espaciais (lago e pontos dentro do lago), visto que geralmente há uma relação negativa entre peixes e a cobertura de macrófitas, e essa relação pode ser mais evidente na escala de ponto dentro do lago, enquanto o efeito é atenuado na escala de lago. Os resultados evidenciaram que as macrófitas podem selecionar características funcionais das comunidades de peixes e influenciar sua diversidade funcional alfa e beta. Os maiores valores de diversidade alfa funcional ocorreram em densidades intermediárias e elevada diversidade de macrófitas. A variação na densidade de macrófitas foi fortemente responsável pelas variações na diversidade beta funcional. Os peixes apresentaram respostas tróficas gerais à variação dos atributos das macrófitas, mas estas respostas também dependeram dos hábitos alimentares dos peixes, com a amplitude de nicho dos herbívoros respondendo de forma oposta à amplitude de onívoros. O aumento na densidade de macrófitas levou a um aumento no consumo de vegetais superiores pelos peixes e na eficiência de forrageamento, e reduziu a amplitude do nicho trófico. A sobreposição de nicho de peixes foi maior nos níveis intermediários de densidade de macrófitas. As respostas dos peixes dependeram da identidade da espécie de peixe, produtividade da lagoa e profundidade da água. Quanto mais profundos e eutróficos eram os lagos, mais os peixes tenderam a ocupar pontos cobertos por macrófitas dentro de um lago. Mediante os resultados, ressaltamos como as plantas aquáticas podem afetar a comunidade de peixes por influenciarem na natação, disponibilidade de alimento e interações entre as espécies, e que a relação entre peixe e macrófita pode variar de acordo com a escala do estudo e as características dos peixes considerados. A aplicação dos resultados aqui obtidos tem grande potencial de auxílio em projetos de manejo e conservação da biodiversidade, e na escolha das melhores configurações de bancos de macrófitas para a manutenção da ictiofauna.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade funcional e taxonômica ; Diversidade taxonômica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-10-12
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2022. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Integrative & Comparative Biology 62(3), (2022): 805-816, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icac108.
    Description: Skates are a diverse group of dorso-ventrally compressed cartilaginous fish found primarily in high-latitude seas. These slow-growing oviparous fish deposit their fertilized eggs into cases, which then rest on the seafloor. Developing skates remain in their cases for 1–4 years after they are deposited, meaning the abiotic characteristics of the deposition sites, such as current and substrate type, must interact with the capsule in a way to promote long residency. Egg cases are morphologically variable and can be identified to species. Both the gross morphology and the microstructures of the egg case interact with substrate to determine how well a case stays in place on a current-swept seafloor. Our study investigated the egg case hydrodynamics of eight North Pacific skate species to understand how their morphology affects their ability to stay in place. We used a flume to measure maximum current velocity, or “break-away velocity,” each egg case could withstand before being swept off the substrate and a tilt table to measure the coefficient of static friction between each case and the substrate. We also used the programing software R to calculate theoretical drag on the egg cases of each species. For all flume trials, we found the morphology of egg cases and their orientation to flow to be significantly correlated with break-away velocity. In certain species, the morphology of the egg case was correlated with flow rate required to dislodge a case from the substrate in addition to the drag experienced in both the theoretical and flume experiments. These results effectively measure how well the egg cases of different species remain stationary in a similar habitat. Parsing out attachment biases and discrepancies in flow regimes of egg cases allows us to identify where we are likely to find other elusive species nursery sites. These results will aid predictive models for locating new nursery habitats and protective policies for avoiding the destruction of these nursery sites.
    Description: This work was supported by the NSF-REU and FHL Blinks-Beacon for funding JNE. And the Stephen and Ruth Wainwright Endowed Fellowship, BEACON and Hoag Awards, Robert T. Paine Experimental and Field Ecology Award, FHL Award, FHL Marine Science Fund, FHL Student Fund (Kohn), Patricia L. Dudley Endowment for funding KCH.
    Description: 2023-07-04
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Billings, G., Walter, M., Pizarro, O., Johnson-Roberson, M., & Camilli, R. Towards automated sample collection and return in extreme underwater environments. Journal of Field Robotics, 2(1), (2022): 1351–1385, https://doi.org/10.55417/fr.2022045.
    Description: In this report, we present the system design, operational strategy, and results of coordinated multivehicle field demonstrations of autonomous marine robotic technologies in search-for-life missions within the Pacific shelf margin of Costa Rica and the Santorini-Kolumbo caldera complex, which serve as analogs to environments that may exist in oceans beyond Earth. This report focuses on the automation of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) manipulator operations for targeted biological sample-collection-and-return from the seafloor. In the context of future extraterrestrial exploration missions to ocean worlds, an ROV is an analog to a planetary lander, which must be capable of high-level autonomy. Our field trials involve two underwater vehicles, the SuBastian ROV and the Nereid Under Ice (NUI) hybrid ROV for mixed initiative (i.e., teleoperated or autonomous) missions, both equipped seven-degrees-of-freedom hydraulic manipulators. We describe an adaptable, hardware-independent computer vision architecture that enables high-level automated manipulation. The vision system provides a three-dimensional understanding of the workspace to inform manipulator motion planning in complex unstructured environments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the vision system and control framework through field trials in increasingly challenging environments, including the automated collection and return of biological samples from within the active undersea volcano Kolumbo. Based on our experiences in the field, we discuss the performance of our system and identify promising directions for future research.
    Description: This work was funded under a NASA PSTAR grant, number NNX16AL08G, and by the National Science Foundation under grants IIS-1830660 and IIS-1830500. The authors would like to thank the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy and National System of Conservation Areas for permitting research operations at the Costa Rican shelf margin, and the Schmidt Ocean Institute (including the captain and crew of the R/V Falkor and ROV SuBastian) for their generous support and making the FK181210 expedition safe and highly successful. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs for permitting the 2019 Kolumbo Expedition to the Kolumbo and Santorini calderas, as well as Prof. Evi Nomikou and Dr. Aggelos Mallios for their expert guidance and tireless contributions to the expedition.
    Keywords: Underwater robotics ; Mobile manipulation ; Marine robotics ; Exploration
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Jenouvrier, S., Long, M. C., Coste, C. F. D., Holland, M., Gamelon, M., Yoccoz, N., & Saether, B.-E. Detecting climate signals in populations across life histories. Global Change Biology, 28, (2022): 2236– 2258, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16041.
    Description: Climate impacts are not always easily discerned in wild populations as detecting climate change signals in populations is challenged by stochastic noise associated with natural climate variability, variability in biotic and abiotic processes, and observation error in demographic rates. Detection of the impact of climate change on populations requires making a formal distinction between signals in the population associated with long-term climate trends from those generated by stochastic noise. The time of emergence (ToE) identifies when the signal of anthropogenic climate change can be quantitatively distinguished from natural climate variability. This concept has been applied extensively in the climate sciences, but has not been explored in the context of population dynamics. Here, we outline an approach to detecting climate-driven signals in populations based on an assessment of when climate change drives population dynamics beyond the envelope characteristic of stochastic variations in an unperturbed state. Specifically, we present a theoretical assessment of the time of emergence of climate-driven signals in population dynamics (ToEpop). We identify the dependence of (ToEpop)on the magnitude of both trends and variability in climate and also explore the effect of intrinsic demographic controls on (ToEpop). We demonstrate that different life histories (fast species vs. slow species), demographic processes (survival, reproduction), and the relationships between climate and demographic rates yield population dynamics that filter climate trends and variability differently. We illustrate empirically how to detect the point in time when anthropogenic signals in populations emerge from stochastic noise for a species threatened by climate change: the emperor penguin. Finally, we propose six testable hypotheses and a road map for future research.
    Description: We acknowledge the support of NASA 80NSSC20K1289 to SJ, ML, and MH; NSF OPP 1744794 to SJ and NSF OPP 2037561 to SJ and MH.
    Keywords: climate change ; emperor penguin ; life histories ; population trend ; population variability ; signal to noise ; time of emergence
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Suca, J. J., Wiley, D. N., Silva, T. L., Robuck, A. R., Richardson, D. E., Glancy, S. G., Clancey, E., Giandonato, T., Solow, A. R., Thompson, M. A., Hong, P., Baumann, H., Kaufman, L., & Llopiz, J. K. Sensitivity of sand lance to shifting prey and hydrography indicates forthcoming change to the northeast US shelf forage fish complex. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 78(3), (2021): 1023–1037, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa251.
    Description: Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) represent the dominant lipid-rich forage fish species throughout the Northeast US shelf and are critical prey for numerous top predators. However, unlike Atlantic herring, there is little research on sand lance or information about drivers of their abundance. We use intra-annual measurements of sand lance diet, growth, and condition to explain annual variability in sand lance abundance on the Northeast US Shelf. Our observations indicate that northern sand lance feed, grow, and accumulate lipids in the late winter through summer, predominantly consuming the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Sand lance then cease feeding, utilize lipids, and begin gonad development in the fall. We show that the abundance of C. finmarchicus influences sand lance parental condition and recruitment. Atlantic herring can mute this effect through intra-guild predation. Hydrography further impacts sand lance abundance as increases in warm slope water decrease overwinter survival of reproductive adults. The predicted changes to these drivers indicate that sand lance will no longer be able to fill the role of lipid-rich forage during times of low Atlantic herring abundance—changing the Northeast US shelf forage fish complex by the end of the century.
    Description: Research was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (IA agreement M17PG0019; DNW, LK, HB, and JKL), including a subaward via the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (18-11-B-203). Additional support came from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Woods Hole Sea Grant Program (NA18OAR4170104, Project No. R/O-57; JKL, HB, and DNW) and a National Science Foundation Long-term Ecological Research grant for the Northeast US Shelf Ecosystem (OCE 1655686; JKL). JJS was funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship programme. ARR was funded by an NOAA Nancy Foster Scholarship.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Carson, M., Doberneck, D., Hart, Z., Kelsey, H., Pierce, J., Porter, D., Richlen, M., Schandera, L., & Triezenberg, H. A strategic framework for community engagement in oceans and human health, Community Science, 1(1), (2022): e2022CSJ000001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022csj000001.
    Description: Over the past two decades, scientific research on the connections between the health and resilience of marine ecosystems and human health, well-being, and community prosperity has expanded and evolved into a distinct “metadiscipline” known as Oceans and Human Health (OHH), recognized by the scientific community as well as policy makers. OHH goals are diverse and seek to improve public health outcomes, promote sustainable use of aquatic systems and resources, and strengthen community resilience. OHH research has historically included some level of community outreach and partner involvement; however, the increasing disruption of aquatic environments and urgency of public health impacts calls for a more systematic approach to effectively identify and engage with community partners to achieve project goals and outcomes. Herein, we present a strategic framework developed collaboratively by community engagement personnel from the four recently established U.S. Centers for Oceans and Human Health (COHH). This framework supports researchers in defining levels of community engagement and in aligning partners, purpose, activities, and approaches intentionally in their community engagement efforts. Specifically, we describe: (a) a framework for a range of outreach and engagement approaches; (b) the need for identifying partners, purpose, activities, and approaches; and (c) the importance of making intentional alignment among them. Misalignment across these dimensions may lead to wasting time or resources, eroding public trust, or failing to achieve intended outcomes. We illustrate the framework with examples from current COHH case studies and conclude with future directions for strategic community engagement in OHH and other environmental health contexts.
    Description: This publication was prepared by Heather Triezenberg and the team under award NA180AR4170102 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce through the Regents of the University of Michigan, and supported by funding from the NIH (1P01ES028939-01) and the NSF (1840715) to the Bowling Green State University Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health. Funding for M. L. Richlen was provided by the NSF (OCE1840381) and NIH (1P01-ES028938-01) through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health. Research at the Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions (OHHC2I) at the University of South Carolina is supported by the NIH Award Number P01ES028942, granted to Principal Investigators Geoffrey Scott and Paul Sandifer. M. A. Carson, Z. Hart, H. Kelsey, D. E. Porter, and L. Schandera are Community Engagement Core investigators at this Center. Funding for J. Pierce is provided by the NSF (grant number OCE-1841811) and the NIH (P01ES028949) through the Greater Caribbean Center for Ciguatera Research at the Florida Gulf Coast University.
    Keywords: harmful algal blooms ; human health ; pollutants ; ocean health
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  • 50
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: Invaded communities were evaluated under two contexts: 1) how native communities respond to massive introduction events and 2) how invaded communities change through time. A common topic was defined to represent the modifications in communities after invasion, the co-occurrence between species. The objective of this thesis was to answer three questions: 1) whether the impact caused by non-native species is determined by the level of similarity between native and non-native species; 2) whether the impact would have the same pattern through time; and 3) whether there is any attribute of the non-native species population that determines the level of the impact. The data set from the project Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração (PELD) performed at the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Sítio PELD/PIAP) was used to answer these questions.First, it was evaluated the non-native species effects on the co-occurrence between species after the invasion of more than 30 non-native fish species at once. It was tested if the functional dissimilarity between native and non-native species drives the co-occurrence patterns between them. After, it was estimated the co-occurrence in a time series of 30 years. The non-native species evaluated were introduced by several introduction vectors. It was tested if the non-native species abundance and time since introduction drive the co-occurrence between native and non-native species. The abundance was used as the attribute of non-native species population to test if the effect of abundance is mediated by the phylogenetic distance between species. The results found showed that the co-occurrence between native and non-native species is affected by functional and phylogenetic distance. Therefore, integrating functional and phylogenetic diversity to assess the spatial distribution of organisms has potential to improve the understanding of co-occurrence patterns between native and non-native species. The results also showed that co-occurrence patterns may be more sensitive to the temporal variability in non-native population attributes (i.e. abundance) than time since introduction. It was showed that evaluating patterns of several non-native species may provide a broader understating of the entire community after invasions.
    Description: Avaliou-se comunidades invadidas sob dois contextos: 1) como comunidades nativas respondem a eventos de introdução em massa e 2) como comunidades invadidas mudam no tempo. Definiu-se um tema comum para representar as modificações nas comunidades após a invasão, a coocorrência entre espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi responder três questões: 1) se o impacto causado pela espécie não nativa é determinado pelo nível de similaridade entre espécies nativas e não nativas; 2) se o impactoteria o mesmo padrão no tempo; e 3) se existe algum atributo da população de espécies não nativas que determina o nível do impacto. Utilizou-se o conjunto de dados do projeto Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração (PELD) realizado na planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná (Sítio PELD/PIAP) para responder essas questões. Primeiro, avaliou-se os efeitos de espécies não nativas na coocorrência entre espécies após a invasão de mais de 30 espécies de peixes não nativos de uma só vez. Testou-se se a dissimilaridade funcional entre espécies nativas e não nativas impulsiona os padrões de coocorrência entre elas. Após, estimou-se a coocorrência em uma série temporal de 30 anos. As espécies não nativas avaliadas são originárias de diversos vetores de introdução. Testou-se se a abundância de espécies não nativas e o tempo desde a introdução impulsionam a coocorrência entre espécies nativas e não nativas. A abundância foi utilizada como atributo da população das espécies não nativas para testar se o efeito da abundância é mediado pela distância filogenética entre as espécies. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a coocorrência entre as espécies nativas e não nativas é afetada pela distância funcional e filogenética. Portanto, integrar diversidade funcional e filogenética para entender a distribuição espacial dos organismos tem potencial para melhorar a compreensão de padrões de coocorrência entre espécies nativas e não nativas. Os resultados também mostraram que os padrões de coocorrência podem ser mais sensíveis à variabilidade temporal nos atributos da população não nativa (i.e., abundância) do que o tempo desde a introdução. Mostrou-se que a avaliação de padrões de várias espécies não nativas fornece uma compreensão mais ampla de toda a comunidade após invasões.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Invasões biológicas ; Diversidade funcional e taxonômica ; Espécies nativas e não nativas ; Coocorrência ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 76pp.
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  • 51
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Thiarids are pantropical gastropods endemic to South America and are found in lentic and lotic freshwater environments. These gastropods act as intermediate hosts for several species of digeneans. However, it is important to consider that there are difficulties for a correct identification of these digeneans in certain stages of the life cycle since the larvae have a reduced size and few morphological characteristics for diagnosis. In this way, techniques based on molecular markers become an extremely important tool, combining the use of ribosomal and mitochondrial regions. Considering that there are no records in the literature of studies involving parasites and gastropods as intermediate hosts in the Ivaí River, this study is the first regarding these relationships. Seventy-six specimens of gastropods were collected. Of these, 21 were parasitized. As for the parasites, 16 different morphotypes were found. The gastropod DNA was amplified using the COI marker. The gastropods showed genetic similarity with Aylacostoma chloroticum with different percentages of identity. As for the parasites, COI and 28S markers were used for DNA amplification. Four different taxa were characterized with both markers. With the mitochondrial marker it was possible to confirm only one genus among the digeneans found. However, the 28S ribosomal marker proved to be more effective for the identification of Ivaí River parasites, showing higher similarity values in relation to sequences available in the databases and lower values of genetic distance. In this way, it was possible to confirm the classification of the morphotypes into two distinct genera.
    Description: Os tiarídeos são gastrópodes pantropicais endêmicos da América do Sul e são encontrados em ambientes de água doce lênticos e lóticos. Esses gastrópodes atuam como hospedeiros intermediários de várias espécies de digenéticos. No entanto, é importante considerar que existem dificuldades para uma identificação correta desses digenéticos em determinadas fases do ciclo de vida, visto que as larvas possuem um tamanho reduzido e poucas características morfológicas para diagnóstico. Dessa maneira, técnicas baseadas em marcadores moleculares tornam-se uma ferramenta de extrema importância, combinando a utilização de regiões ribossômicas e mitocondriais. Considerando que não há registros na literatura de estudos envolvendo parasitas e gastrópodes como hospedeiros intermediários no rio Ivaí, este estudo é o primeiro a respeito dessas relações. Foram coletados 76 espécimes de gastrópodes. Desses, 21 encontravam-se parasitados. Quanto aos parasitas, foram encontrados 16 morfotipos distintos. O DNA dos gastrópodes foi amplificado utilizando o marcador COI. Os gastrópodes apresentaram similaridade genética com Aylacostoma chloroticum com diferentes percentuais de identidade. Quanto aos parasitas, para amplificação do DNA foram utilizados os marcadores COI e 28S. Quatro taxa diferentes foram caracterizados com ambos os marcadores. Com o marcador mitocondrial foi possível confirmar apenas um gênero dentre os digenéticos encontrados. Todavia, o marcador ribossômico 28S se mostrou mais eficaz para a identificação dos parasitas do rio Ivaí, apresentando maiores valores de similaridade em relação a sequências disponíveis nos bancos de dados e menores valores de distância genética. Dessa maneira, foi possível confirmar a classificação dos morfotipos em dois gêneros distintos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Digenea (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes) “digenéticos” ; Gastrópodes (Mollusca) ; Genética molecular ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Mollusks (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluscs (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 52
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Ludwigia has some invasive macrophyte species that have not yet been explored under the scope of phylogeography, a promising area to understand the ecology of invasions using barcode molecular markers sensitive to intraspecific variations. Thus, it was theorized that barcode markers used in invasive species of Ludwigia occurring in non-native regions would be phylogeographically informative. Sequences of the molecular markers trnH-psbA, rbcL, matK and phyC from invasive populations of L. peploides and L. grandiflora were used as they are the only ones available in Genbank. A gene tree was generated by the Neighborn-Joining method and a haplotypic network by the Median-Joining method for each species. The trnH-psbA marker was the only phylogeographically informative marker for detecting intraspecific variations in the analyzed taxa. Three haplotypes were detected for L. grandiflora and two haplotypes for L. peploides. Three geographically distinct founder populations of L. grandiflora were introduced in Europe, with Hg1 shared with the US population, while L. peploides has a founder population in Europe and another in the US. The long history of the introduction of these species in Europe and the limited geographic scope of molecular sampling demonstrate that these data are underestimated. A search in the Web of Science database exposed a paucity of molecular data for invasive species of Ludwigia, highlighting the contribution of the results to the information on these haplotypic relationships in the context of invasive biology. Therefore, the detection of haplotypic diversity of invasive species of Ludwigia proved to be promising when investigated by the phylogeographic scope, supporting a better understanding of the management and ecology of these haplotypes in non-native areas.
    Description: Ludwigia possui algumas espécies de macrófitas invasoras que ainda não foram exploradas sob o escopo da filogeografia, uma promissora área para compreender a ecologia das invasões utilizando marcadores moleculares barcode sensíveis a variações intraespecíficas. Assim, testou-se quais marcadores barcode utilizados em espécies invasoras de Ludwigia ocorrentes em regiões não nativas seriam filogeograficamente informativos. Utilizou-se sequências dos marcadores moleculares trnH-psbA, rbcL, matKe phyC de populações invasoras de L. peploides e L. grandiflora por serem as únicas disponíveis no Genbank. Gerou-se uma árvore gênica pelo método Neighborn-Joining e uma rede haplotípica pelo método Median-Joining para cada espécie. O marcador trnH-psbA foi o único informativo filogeograficamente por detectar variações intraespecíficas nos táxons analisados. Detectou-se três haplótipos para L. grandiflorae dois haplótipos para L. peploides. Três populações fundadoras geograficamente distintas de L. grandiflora foram introduzidas na Europa, sendo Hg1 compartilhado com a população estadunidense, enquanto L. peploidespossui uma população fundadora na Europa e outra nos EUA. O antigo histórico de introdução dessas espécies na Europa e a abrangência geográfica limitada da amostragem molecular demonstram que esses dados estão subestimados. Uma pesquisa feita na base de dados Web of Science expôs uma escassez de dados moleculares para espécies invasoras de Ludwigia, ressaltando a contribuição dos resultados quanto as informações sobre essas relações haplotípica no contexto da biologia das invasões. Portanto, a detecção da diversidade haplotípica de espécies invasoras de Ludwigia mostrou-se promissora quando investigada pelo escopo filogeográfico, subsidiando o melhor entendimento sobre o manejo e a ecologia desses haplótipos em áreas não nativas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ludwigia (Onagraceae) “cruz-de-malta” ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Filogeografia ; Biogeografia ; Marcadores moleculares ; Manejo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular biology ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular structure
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 29pp.
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  • 53
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: South America has fish endemic to continental fresh waters, but derived from clades predominantly and ancestrally distributed in marine environments, such as Platanichthys platana. This species is considered the smallest sardine of the Clupeidae with its type locality in the La Plata river. In 2007, there were the first records of P. platana in the upper Paraná river basin and in 2012 in the upper Paraná river floodplain. The variation in the length of specimens from this basin generated curiosity about their identity and origin of introduction. Sequences from the COI region of the specimens were used for genetic distance calculations, construction of gene trees and haplotype networks. The results obtained indicate that all analyzed specimens belong to P. platana. Eight haplotypes were found, some exclusive to the coastal basins of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Negro river basin. The basins of the La Plata river, the Lago and the upper Paraná river floodplain shared different haplotypes. The phylogeographic pattern presented in this study can be justified by the presence of populations of P. platana in the same paleoarea, before the geological process that configured the current architectures of the observed basins, by vicariance. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic several vicarious events occurred between the coastal watersheds of Brazil that can be attributed to marine regressions and transgressions by continental lands. It is also assumed that specimens from the upper Paraná river floodplain were introduced to the region from Argentine regions.
    Description: A América do Sul apresenta peixes endêmicos de águas doces continentais, mas derivados de clados predominantemente e ancestralmente distribuídos em ambientes marinhos, como Platanichthys platana. Essa espécie é considerada a sardinha de menor tamanho de Clupeidae com sua localidade-tipo no rio de La Plata. Em 2007, houve os primeiros registros de P. platana na bacia do alto rio Paraná e em 2012 na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. A variação do comprimento dos espécimes dessa bacia gerou curiosidade sobre sua identidade e origem de introdução. Sequências da região COI dos espécimes foram e utilizadas para cálculos de distância genética, construção de árvores gênicas e rede de haplótipos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que todos os exemplares analisados pertencem a P. platana. Oito haplótipos foram encontrados, alguns exclusivos dos exemplares das bacias litorâneas de Santa Catarina, do Rio Grande do Sul e bacia do rio Negro. As bacias do rio de La Plata, do Lago e da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná compartilharam diferentes haplótipos. O padrão filogeográfico apresentado nesse estudo pode ser justificado pela presença de populações de P. platana em uma mesma paleoarea, antes do processo geológico que configurou as atuais arquiteturas das bacias observadas, pela vicariância. Durante o Mesozóico e Cenozóico vários eventos vicariantes ocorreram entre as bacias hidrográficas costeiras do Brasil que podem ser atribuídos às regressões e transgressões marinhas por terras continentais. Pressupõe-se também que os espécimes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná tenham sido introduzidos na região a partir de regiões argentinas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Platanichthys platana (Regan, 1917) (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) “sardinha” ; Biogeografia ; Genética molecular ; Diversidade genética ; Bacias hidrográficas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::G::Genetic diversity ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 54
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Non native species can negatively affect the invaded environment. Often, these species have biological characteristics that benefit other non natives and facilitate their invasion, so knowing the facilitation mechanisms between invaders are useful to mitigate their damage to the ecosystem. Thus, in this study we tested the hypothesis that Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, a non native catfish, has habits that can alter nutrient concentrations (phosphorus and nitrogen) in the water column, and positively affect the growth of an invasive macrophyte species in detriment of a native one, characterizing ecological facilitation among invasive species. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with six treatments and four replicas, using the invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata and the native Egeria najas, in the presence and absence of P. ambrosettii, all with occurrence recorded in the upper Paraná River floodplain. The results showed that the treatments with P. ambrosettii had a lower amount of dissolved oxygen, higher electrical conductivity, higher concentration of chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus (TP) and inorganic nitrogen (NI). Macrophyte biomass was significantly higher in monoculture treatments with fish, with this effect being more intense for H. verticillata. When in the same treatment, in the absence of P. ambrosettii, H. verticillata showed greater biomass than E. najas, but with the fish presence, the macrophyte species did not differ in their biomass, indicating that the high concentration of nutrients makes the coexistence of these macrophytes possible. The results found will be useful for future actions to manage invasive species, especially in habitats where they co-occur.
    Description: Espécies invasoras podem impactar negativamente o ambiente invadido. Frequentemente, estas espécies possuem características biológicas que beneficiam outras não nativas e facilitam sua invasão, portanto conhecer os mecanismos de facilitação entre invasoras é essencial para mitigar os danos ao ecossistema. Desta forma, neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, um cascudo invasor, com hábitos que podem alterar as concentrações de nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio) na coluna d'água, afeta positivamente o crescimento de uma espécie de macrófita invasora em detrimento de uma nativa, caracterizando a facilitação ecológica entre espécies invasoras. Para isso um experimento foi conduzido, utilizando a macrófita invasora Hydrilla verticillata e a nativa Egeria najas, na presença e ausência de P. ambrosettii (bem como ambas coocorrendo na presença e ausência do peixe), todos com ocorrência registrada na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Os tratamentos com P. ambrosettii apresentaram menor quantidade de oxigênio dissolvido, maiores valores para a condutividade elétrica, clorofila-a, fósforo total (TP) e nitrogênio inorgânico (NI). A biomassa das macrófitas foi significativamente maior nos tratamentos de monocultura com peixe, sendo este efeito mais intenso para H. verticillata. Quando juntas na ausência de P ambrosettii, H. verticillata apresentou maior biomassa que E. najas, mas com a presença do peixe, as espécies não diferiram em sua biomassa, sugerindo que a alta concentração de nutrientes torna possível a coexistência das macrófitas. Os resultados encontrados se mostram úteis para o conhecimento da biologia destas espécies invasoras, assim como para futuras ações de manejo em pequenos habitats onde estas coocorrem.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg, 1893) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) "cascudo blindado" ; Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, 1839 (Hydrocharitaceae) "hydrilla" ; Egeria najas Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) "lodinho branco" ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Facilitação, Mecanismos de ; Nutrientes ; Concentração ; Interação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutrition ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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  • 55
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Aquatic environments are known to present a spatio-temporal difference in nutrient concentration. Furthermore, other processes also interfere in the dynamics of aquatic macrophyte communities, such as interspecific competition. The performance of two species of emerging macrophytes, Polygonum ferrugineum and Polygonum acuminatum, was analyzed under the influence of the presence of competitor and nutrient variation. An experiment was carried out in which stem fragments of each species were planted in monoculture and mixed culture and submitted to two nutrient treatments: low and high. The experiment lasted 60 days. The measured parameters as well as the relative competition index (RCI) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA by permutation with two fixed factors (nutrient and species). The height and biomass parameters (aerial, root and total) were different among the species. In the biomass parameters there was a difference between the nutrients. The relative growth rate indicated a difference between the nutrient concentrations. Interaction between the factors was observed for height and root:shoot ratio. For the RCI, no significant difference was observed for any parameter. The development of individuals was not affected by the presence of a competitor. P. ferrugineum developed a greater amount of biomass than P. acuminatum. However, the growth rates between the species did not differ, indicating that there is no competitive advantage of the first species over the second species. Regarding nutrients, under conditions of high amount of nutrients, the parameters measured showed higher values, but the difference was not exacerbated. Under low nutrient conditions, the species P. ferruginum developed higher values, indicating phenotypic plasticity in the adjustment of the root portion, in order to find and absorb more nutrients. However, there is no competitive advantage, since the RCI does not express it. Therefore, the presence of competitors, the variation of nutrients and the interaction of these two factors do not explain the distribution of species in aquatic environments nor the dominance of P. ferrugineum over P. acuminatum in the distribution.
    Description: Os ambientes aquáticos são conhecidos por apresentarem diferença espaço-temporal na concentração de nutrientes. Ademais, outros processos também interferem na dinâmica das comunidades de macrófitas aquáticas, como a competição interespecífica. Analizou-se o desempenho de duas espécies de macrófitas emergentes, sendo Polygonum ferrugineum e Polygonum acuminatum, sob influência da presença de competidor e da variação de nutriente. Realizou-se um experimento no qual fragmentos caulinares de cada espécie foram plantados em monocultura e cultura mista e submetidos a dois tratamentos de nutriente: baixo e alto. O experimento durou 60 dias. Os parâmetros mensurados bem como o índice de competição relativa (RCI) foram analisados por meio da ANOVA bifatorial por permutação com dois fatores fixos (nutriente e espécie). Os parâmetros altura e biomassa (aérea, radicular e total) diferenciaram-se entre as espécies. Nos parâmetros de biomassa houve diferença entre os nutrientes. A taxa de crescimento relativo indicou diferença entre as concentrações de nutrientes. Interação entre os fatores foi observada para altura e proporção raíz:parte aérea. Para o RCI não foi observado diferença significativa para nenhum parâmetro. O desenvolvimento dos indivíduos não foi afetado pela presença de competidor. P. ferrugineum desenvolveu maior quantidade de biomassa que P. acuminatum. Entretanto, as taxas de crescimento entre as espécies não diferiram, indicando não haver vantagem competitiva da primeira sobre a segunda espécie. Em relação aos nutrientes, em condições de alta quantidade de nutrientes, os parâmetros mensurados apresentaram valores maiores, mas a diferença não foi exacerbada. Em condições de baixo nutriente, a espécie P. ferruginum desenvolveu valores maiores, indicando plasticidade fenotípica no ajuste da porção radicular, afim de encontrar e absorver mais nutrientes. Contudo, não se configura vantagem competitiva, uma vez que o RCI não a expressa. Logo, a presença de competidor, a variação de nutrientes e a interação desses dois fatores não explicam a distribuição das espécies nos ambientes aquáticos e nem a dominância de P. ferrugineum sob P. acuminatum na distribuição.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Macrófitas emergentes congêneres (Polygonum) ; Ecologia ; Competição ; Nutrientes ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutrient cycles
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 25pp.
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  • 56
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The hydrological regime is the main driver of ecosystems, as it has strong control over environmental and biological variables. The types of lake systems comprise different, including those sporadically isolated and isolated individuals (LP) to isolated individuals. It is expected that variations in the hydrological level exert different types of habitats on these two types of communities, directly influencing the structure of the communities of these vertebrae, as well as the benthic macroinvertebrates. Evidence of biodiversity from macroinvertebrate communities and LPs to hydrological variations still in LE is scarce and comes from small in spatial and temporal scales. Invest as a richness, density and beta diversity of macroinvertebrates of the community at different hydrological periods (lower, intermediate and high-level periods in LE and LP. A time series of 1 of the hydrological level and biological samples from six lakes were used (LE and 3 LP) from 3 biological years of the upper Paraná River flooding. Richness was obtained in periods of major and minor oscillations and high density in periods of hydrological oscillations. These curvilinear relationships are both LE and for LP, the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates between periods of low oscillations differed, high beta only in LE. The low regional level periods more for water level beta diversity) the low water level periods BD, the LP higher. According to Redundancy Analysis (RDA), both in LE and macroinvertebrate diversity was mainly structured by environmental factors (ie, oxygen, consonance, turbidity, fish density and macrophyte richness) during periods of low water level. On the other hand, during periods of high hydrological level, the hydrological level was a single structuring forcing of macroinvertebrate diversity. Based on the results obtained, the responses of the macroinvertebrate community to hydrological oscillations tend to be different in LE and LP. Specifically, these are the most pronounced responses in LE, where local environmental factors play a stronger structuring role. The greatest contribution that LE and LP occur to macroinvertebrate diversity in different hydrological periods. Therefore, this evidence that preserves the wide variety of LE and LP in the floodplain is critical to maintaining local and regional biotic communities.
    Description: O regime hidrológico é o principal direcionador dos ecossistemas de planície de inundação, pois apresenta forte controle sobre variáveis ambientais e biológicas. Os sistemas de planície são compostos por diferentes tipos de lagos, incluindo aqueles esporadicamente (LE) conectados e aqueles permanentemente (LP) conectados aos rios. É esperado que as variações no nível hidrológico exerçam pressões distintas sobre esses dois tipos de lagos, influenciando diretamente a estrutura das comunidades desses habitats, assim como os macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Evidências de como a biodiversidade das comunidades de macroinvertebrados respondem a variações hidrológicas em LE e LP ainda são escassas e oriundas de estudos em pequenas escalas espaciais e temporais. Investigou-se como a riqueza, densidade e diversidade beta da comunidade de macroinvertebrados respondem a diferentes períodos hidrológicos (períodos de nível baixo, intermediário e alto) em LE e LP. Utilizou-se uma série temporal de 14 anos do nível hidrológico e amostragens biológicas de seis lagos rasos (3 LE e 3 LP) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Obteve-se maior riqueza e densidade em períodos de oscilações intermediárias e menor em períodos de baixa e alta oscilações hidrológicas. Essas relações curvilíneas ocorreram tanto LE quanto para LP. Contudo, a diversidade beta de macroinvertebrados bentônicos diferiu entre períodos de oscilações baixa, intermediária e alta apenas em LE. Os LE contribuíram mais para a diversidade beta regional (nível de planície) durante períodos de baixo nível de água (LCBD maior), os LP contribuíram mais durante períodos de nível alto de água. De acordo com a Análise de Redundância (RDA), tanto em LE quanto em LP a diversidade dos macroinvertebrados foi fortemente estruturada por fatores ambientais (i.e., oxigênio, condutividade, turbidez, densidade de peixes e riqueza de macrófitas) durante períodos de baixo nível de água. Durante períodos de nível hidrológico alto, o nível hidrológico foi a única força estruturante da diversidade dos macroinvertebrados. Mediante os resultados obtidos, as respostas da comunidade de macroinvertebrados para as oscilações hidrológicas tendem a ser diferentes em LE e LP. Especificamente, essas respostas são mais pronunciadas em LE, onde os fatores ambientais locais exercem um papel estruturante mais forte. A maior contribuição que LE e LP tem para diversidade de macroinvertebrados ocorre em períodos hidrológicos distintos. Portanto, isso evidencia que preservar a grande variedade de LE e LP em planície de inundação é fundamental para manter a biodiversidade local e regional de comunidades bióticas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Macroinvertebrados bentônicos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Estrutura ; Lagos temporários e permanentes ; Conexão ; Regime hidrológico ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrobenthos ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydrologic cycle ; ASFA_2015::F::Floods ; ASFA_2015::D::Droughts ; ASFA_2015::B::Benthic communities ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 57
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Changes in water level influence the establishment and ecological interactions developed between aquatic macrophytes.With the aim of investigate how changes in water level, the density of the invasive macrophyte Urochloa arrecta and the species richness influence the establishment of Paspalum repens, we set up two experiments in a greenhouse with three water levels (high, medium and static) and two levels of density and species richness. At the end of the experiments, we measured the following response variables: leaf area surface, shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass, shoot length, and root length of P. repens. Using the total biomass, we calculated the relative interaction index (RII) to verify the type of ecological interaction developed between P. repens and its neighbors species. Each response variable was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. Among the results obtained, we highlight: i) the predominantly negative values of the RII, indicating competition between P. repens and its neighbors in all the conditions tested in this work and ii) positive values of leaf area surface and shoot biomass at water levels high, especially in the experiment that analyzed the effect of the density of U. arrecta on P. repens, which highlights the strategies adopted by this species to establish itself in environments with high densities of the invasive species in scenarios of water level changes. Finally, these results indicate the effects of changes in water level, density of U. arrecta and species richness on P. repens, contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of macrophyte communities in freshwater ecosystems.
    Description: Mudanças do nível d’água influenciam o estabelecimento e as interações ecológicas desenvolvidas entre macrófitas aquáticas. Com o objetivo de investigar como mudanças no nível d’água, a densidade da macrófita invasora Urochloa arrecta e a riqueza de espécies influenciam no estabelecimento da macrófita nativa Paspalum repens, foram montados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação com três níveis d’água (alto, médio e estático) e dois níveis de densidade e riqueza de espécies. Ao final do experimento foram mensuradas as seguintes variáveis resposta: superfície da área foliar, biomassa aérea, biomassa da raiz, biomassa total, comprimento aéreo e comprimento da raiz de Paspalum repens. Utilizando a biomassa total, foi calculado o índice de interação relativa (RII) para verificar o tipo de interação ecológica desenvolvida entre P. repens e suas espécies vizinhas. Cada variável resposta foi analisada com uma Anova bifatorial. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacamos: i) os valores preponderantemente negativos do RII, indicando competição de P. repens com suas vizinhas em todas as condições testadas neste trabalho e ii) valores positivos da superfície da área foliar e biomassa aérea em níveis d’água alto, especialmente no experimento que foi analisado o efeito da densidade de U. arrecta sobre P. repens, o que evidencia as estratégias adotadas por esta espécie para se estabelecer em ambientes com altas densidades da espécie invasora em cenários de mudanças do nível d’água. Esses resultados indicam, por fim, os efeitos da mudança do nível da água, da densidade de U. arrecta e da riqueza de espécies sobre P. repens, contribuindo para o entendimento da dinâmica das comunidades de macrófitas em ambientes aquáticos continentais.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Paspalum repens P. J. Bergius (Poaceae) ; Poaceae (Gramineae) “brachiaria” ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras emergentes ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Competição ; Espécies invasoras ; Estufas ; Experimentos ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::W::Water reservoirs ; ASFA_2015::E::Experimental research
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 58
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Dams and predicted future extreme weather events can affect the structure of aquatic communities, both at a local and regional scale. They can influence, for example, the importance of sites and species for regional diversity as they promote local processes of extinction and colonization, as well as processes of biotic homogenization on a regional scale. It was investigated how damming and prolonged flood and drought periods influenced the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) based on phytoplankton functional groups (GFR), as well as the contribution of each GFR to beta diversity (SCBD). The relationship between the number of GFR (Functional richness - RF) on the LCBD was also evaluated. For this, it was analyzed data collected in years with extreme drought (2000-2001) and flood (2010-2011) from three sub-basins of the upper Paraná River floodplain were used, which have different damming effects (presence, indirect influence, and absence). Nutrient concentrations and pH influenced the beta diversity in the three sub-basins in the two periods. Extreme drought periods and the presence of a dam were related to higher values of LCBD and RF. High LCBD values were related to low RF values. Environments with the absence and indirect influence of the dam had higher RF values in the flood and higher LCBD values in the drought. GFR H1 (N-fixing cyanobacteria), Lo (large mucilaginous cyanobacteria), and P (filamentous diatoms) presented the greatest contribution to beta diversity. The damming region was related to filamentous cyanobacteria in the drought. The results showed that both damming and climatic periods influenced the contribution of sites to regional diversity. However, they also suggested that the greatest biotic uniqueness observed in the damming region and in the dry period was related to organisms that can affect water diversity and quality, such as cyanobacteria. It appears that these environments have unique environmental and biotic conditions that require greater attention in terms of monitoring to prevent the proliferation of organisms with toxigenic potential. The construction of dams in search of energy security, associated with the predicted scenario of an increase in extreme events, favors biotic uniqueness. Understanding how communities respond to these changes is crucial for the ecology of aquatic environments.
    Description: Os barramentos e os eventos hidrológicos extremos atuais e os preditos para o futuro podem afetar a estrutura das comunidades aquáticas, tanto em escala local quanto regional. Estes eventos podem influenciar a importância de locais e espécies para a diversidade regional pois promovem processos locais de extinção e colonização, assim como processos de homogeneização biótica em escala regional. Foi investigado como o efeito de barramento e períodos de cheia e seca prolongados influenciam a contribuição local para a diversidade beta (LCBD) fitoplanctônica, baseada em grupos funcionais de Reynolds (GFR), e a contribuição de cada grupo funcional para a diversidade beta (SCBD). a relação entre o número de GFR (Riqueza Funcional – RF) sobre o LCBD. Para isso, utilizados dados de três sub-bacias da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, que possuem diferentes efeitos de barramento (presença, influência indireta e ausência), nos anos de seca (2000-2001) e cheia (2010-2011) extremas. As concentrações de nutrientes e o pH estiveram relacionadas com os padrões da diversidade beta nas três sub-bacias e nos dois períodos. Períodos de seca extrema e ambientes com presença de barramento apresentaram maiores valores de LCBD e RF. Altos valores de LCBD estiveram relacionados a baixos valores de RF. Ambientes com ausência e influência indireta de barramento apresentaram maiores valores de RF na cheia e maiores valores de LCBD na seca. Os GFR H1 (cianobactérias N-fixadoras), Lo (grandes cianobactérias mucilaginosas) e P (diatomáceas filamentosas) apresentaram maior contribuição à diversidade beta. A região com barramento esteve relacionada com cianobactérias filamentosas na seca. Os resultados mostraram que tanto barramento quanto períodos hidrológicos influenciaram a contribuição dos locais à diversidade regional. Porém, a maior singularidade biótica observada na região com barramento e no período seco esteve relacionada com organismos que podem afetar à diversidade e qualidade de água, como as cianobactérias. Esses ambientes aparentam possuir condições ambientais e bióticas exclusivas que requerem maior atenção em relação a monitoramento para evitar a proliferação de organismos com potencial toxigênico. A construção de barramentos em busca da segurança energética, associada ao cenário predito de aumento de eventos extremos, favorece a singularidade biótica. Entender como as comunidades respondem a essas alterações é crucial para ecologia de ambientes aquáticos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Ecologia ; Barramento ; Diversidade beta ; Eventos hidrológicos extremos ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic communities ; ASFA_2015::W::Weather conditions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 41pp.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-08-26
    Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Description: Defining the regional variability of minimum magnitude for earthquake detection is crucial for planning seismic networks. Knowing the earthquake detection magnitude values is fundamental for the optimal location of new stations and to select the priority for reactivating the stations of a seismic network in case of a breakdown. In general, the assessment of earthquake detection is performed by analysing seismic noise with spectral or more sophisticated methods. Further, to simulate amplitude values at the recording sites, spectral methods require knowledge of several geophysical parameters including rock density, S-wave velocity, corner frequency, quality factor, site specific decay parameter and so on, as well as a velocity model for the Earth's interior. The simulation results are generally expressed in terms of Mw and therefore a further conversion must be done to obtain the values of local magnitude (ML), which is the parameter commonly used for moderate and small earthquakes in seismic catalogues. Here, the relationship utilized by a seismic network to determine ML is directly applied to obtain the expected amplitude [in mm, as if it were recorded by a Wood–Anderson (WA) seismometer] at the recording site, without any additional assumptions. The station detection estimates are obtained by simply considering the ratio of the expected amplitude with respect to the background noise, also measured in mm. The seismic noise level for the station is estimated starting from four waveforms (each signal lasting 1 min) sampled at various times of the day for a period of one week. The proposed method is tested on Italian seismic events occurring in 2019 by using the locations of 16.879 earthquakes recorded by 374 stations. The first results indicate that by evaluating the station noise level with 5-s windows, a representative sample of the variability in expected noise level is generated for every station, even if only 4 min of signal per day over a week of recordings is used. The method was applied to define the detection level of the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN). The RSN detection level represents a reference for the definition and application of guidelines in the field of monitoring of subsurface industrial activities in Italy. The proposed approach can be successfully applied to define the current performance of a local seismic network (managed by private companies) and to estimate the expected further improvements, requested to fulfil the guidelines with the installation of new seismic stations. This method has been tested in Italy and can be reproduced wherever the local magnitude ML, based on synthetic WA records, is used.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1283–1297
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Earthquake ground motions ; Seismic noise ; Induced seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 60
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: Despite growing interest in the effects of non-native invasive species in changing alternative trophic states in shallow lakes, little is known when it comes to tropical regions. We carried out a systematic review to identify which terms, species, definitions and objectives were most addressed in these studies, as well as to identify possible global patterns and trends regarding the growth of these research over the years and the hot spots of publications. Our results showed that although there was a non-linear growth in the number of studies published in the last three decades regarding state shifts in freshwater environments, only a small number of them addresses the influence that non-native invasive species have in triggering trophic states changes in aquatic environments and even less in shallow lakes. In our discussion, we explore the possible reasons and consequences that these patterns bring to this area of ecology, as well as expand the results and make the work available so that it can be used as recomendation for future projects related to the topic.
    Description: Lagos rasos são os ecossistemas de água doce mais abundantes do planeta, suportam elevada diversidade de espécies e proveem diversos serviços ecossistêmicos, porém, a dinâmica natural desses ecossistemas está ameaçada devido ao estabelecimento de espécies invasoras não nativas. Apesar do crescente interesse acerca dos impactos que espécies invasoras não nativas causam nos ecossistemas invadidos, pouco ainda se sabe sobre a influência delas para a estabilidade e mudança de estado trófico em lagos rasos. Foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada da literatura para identificar quais termos, espécies, definições e objetivos foram mais abordados nesses estudos, assim como identificar possíveis padrões e tendências globais quanto à distribuição das pesquisas ao longo dos anos e seu local de origem. Embora tenha havido um crescimento na quantidade de estudos publicados nas últimas três décadas sobre estados tróficos em ambientes aquáticos, apenas uma pequena quantidade deles aborda a influência das espécies invasoras nãonativas na mudança de estado trófico nestes ecossistemas. Foram exploradas as possíveis razões e as consequências que esses padrões e métodos trazem para essa área da ecologia, de forma que a discussão aqui feita sugere diversas recomendações para futuros trabalhos e pesquisadores considerarem.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecossistemas aquáticos ; Lagos rasos ; Invasões biológicas ; Eutrofização ; Revisão sistemática ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::R::Reviews (literature)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 61
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: Global climate change has as its main result an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as longer periods of drought, and more hot days throughout the year, which makes drought events even more severe. Certain plant species have a high invasive potential, which is due to their tolerance to adverse conditions and the recovery of their individuals after some disturbance, which increases the possibility of colonization and establishment in new environments, interfering with native communities. The effect of interspecific competition between the invasive plant Urochloa mutica and the native species Panicum dichotomiflorum was experimentally analyzed on its establishment, resistance and resilience, simulating conditions of extreme water events and the distribution of Panicum dichotomiflorum and Urochloa mutica, particularly in protected areas environmental. The results obtained showed that the native species grew less with the water changes, mainly due to the lack of water, and the invasive species did not show strong growth alterations with the disturbances used. Furthermore, the species were shown to alter the growth variables in competition, impacting the native species more. On the other hand, the species in terms of temporal stability did not change growth and both may have advantages in impacted environments. Regarding the distribution of species, the results showed that the dispersion of the invasive exotic plant will be greater in areas that already have its presence, and also that this species may invade new places, such as Germany and Austria. In a future scenario of global climate change in 2070, this invasive species could occur in protected areas. Regarding the national territory, U. mutica will lose part of its distribution in Brazil, mainly in the north and northeast regions, including areas of protection and conservation. For P. dichotomiflorum, it is possible that it will lose a large part of its natural habitat in the two future scenarios, but it will increase its occurrence in other places, being able to become a potential invasive. Therefore, the results achieved indicate that both species have important characteristics in coping with climate change and show that the native species has an invasive behavior, with information of enormous value to environmental managers, especially in the management work of the two species of Poaceae, which have invasive potential for preserved areas, and in research that evidence areas susceptible to invasion.
    Description: As mudanças climáticas globais tem como principal resultado o aumento na frequência e na severidade de eventos extremos, tais como períodos mais prolongados de seca, e mais dias quentes ao longo do ano, o que torna os eventos de seca ainda mais severos. Certas espécies vegetais possuem alto potencial invasor, que se deve à sua tolerância a condições adversas e à recuperação de seus indivíduos após algum distúrbio, o que aumenta a possibilidade de colonização e estabelecimento em novos ambientes, interferindo em comunidades nativas. Analisou-se experimentalmente o efeito da competição interespecífica da planta invasora Urochloa mutica com a espécie nativa Panicum dichotomiflorum, em seu estabelecimento, resistência e resiliência, simulando condições de eventos hídricos extremos e a distribuição de Panicum dichotomiflorum e Urochloa mutica, particularmente em áreas de proteção ambiental. Os resultados alcançados mostraram que a espécie nativa, cresceu menos com as mudanças hídricas, principalmente pela falta de água e a espécie invasora mostrou não sofrer fortes alterações de crescimento com os distúrbios empregados. As espécies mostraram alterar as variáveis de crescimento em competição, impactando de maior maneira a espécie nativa. Por outro lado, as espécies em termos de estabilidade temporal não alteraram o crescimento e ambas podem apresentar vantagens em ambientes impactados. Em relação à distribuição das espécies, os resultados mostraram que a dispersão da planta exótica invasora será maior em áreas que possuem sua presença, e também que essa espécie poderá invadir novos lugares, como Alemanha e Áustria. Em cenário futuro de mudança climática global em 2070, essa espécie invasora pode ocorrer em áreas protegidas. Com relação ao território nacional, U. mutica perderá parte da sua distribuição no Brasil, principalmente na região norte e nordeste, incluindo áreas de proteção e conservação. Para P. dichotomiflorum, é possível que perdera grande parte de seu habitat natural nos dois cenários futuros, mas aumentará sua ocorrência em outros lugares, podendo se tornar uma invasora em potencial. Portanto, os resultados alcançados indicam que ambas as espécies possuem características importantes no enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas e evidenciam que a espécie nativa apresenta comportamento invasor, com informações de enorme valia para gestores ambientais, especialmente nos trabalhos de manejo das duas espécies de Poaceae, que têm potencial invasor para áreas preservadas, e em pesquisas que evidenciem áreas suscetíveis a invasões.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Urochloa mutica (Poaceae : Monocotiledônea) ; Panicum dichotomiflorum (Poaceae : Monocotiledônea) ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Espécies invasoras e nativas ; Espécies invasoras ; Espécies nativas ; Competição ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 67pp.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-08-19
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Aoki, L. R., Brisbin, M. M., Hounshell, A. G., Kincaid, D. W., Larson, E., Sansom, B. J., Shogren, A. J., Smith, R. S., & Sullivan-Stack, J. Preparing aquatic research for an extreme future: call for improved definitions and responsive, multidisciplinary approaches. Bioscience, 72(6), (2022): 508-520, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac020.
    Description: Extreme events have increased in frequency globally, with a simultaneous surge in scientific interest about their ecological responses, particularly in sensitive freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems. We synthesized observational studies of extreme events in these aquatic ecosystems, finding that many studies do not use consistent definitions of extreme events. Furthermore, many studies do not capture ecological responses across the full spatial scale of the events. In contrast, sampling often extends across longer temporal scales than the event itself, highlighting the usefulness of long-term monitoring. Many ecological studies of extreme events measure biological responses but exclude chemical and physical responses, underscoring the need for integrative and multidisciplinary approaches. To advance extreme event research, we suggest prioritizing pre- and postevent data collection, including leveraging long-term monitoring; making intersite and cross-scale comparisons; adopting novel empirical and statistical approaches; and developing funding streams to support flexible and responsive data collection.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 63
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Human activities cause drastic changes in the functioning of ecosystems, such as the reduction of biodiversity. Phytoplankton are among the first to respond to these changes. Eutrophication can cause cyanobacterial blooms and select species with different functional traits, according to hydrodynamic conditions (e.g. water residence time - TR) and luminous availability. The effects of the Human Influence Index (IIH) and RT on the magnitude of the relationship between environment (phosphorus, nitrogen and turbidity) and biovolume of the functional morphological groups (GFBMs) of cyanobacteria III, VII and VIII. Phytoplankton from Brazilian lakes, reservoirs and rivers were sampled at different periods of the hydrological cycle (N = 3203). The biovolume of GFBMs was affected positively by phosphorus and negatively by nitrogen and turbidity. IIH and TR showed negative effects on the biovolume-environment relationship. The meta-regressions showed different relationships between biovolume and nitrogen for groups III, VII and VIII, as well as negative relationships in temporal data, which indicates that hydrological events had an effect on them. The results indicated that local variables, such as hydrodynamic conditions, can affect the strength of the relationships between biovolume, nitrogen and phosphorus, which causes a negative effect on GFBMs.
    Description: Atividades antrópicas causam mudanças drásticas no funcionamento dos ecossistemas, como a redução da biodiversidade. Os fitoplanctontes são um dos primeiros a responder a essas mudanças. A eutrofização pode causar florações de cianobactérias e selecionar espécies com distintos traços funcionais, de acordo com as condições hidrodinâmicas (e. g. tempo de residência da água - TR) e disponibilidade luminosa. Avaliou-se por meio de metanálises, os efeitos do Índice de Influência Humana (IIH) e do TR sobre a magnitude da relação entre ambiente (fósforo, nitrogênio e turbidez) e biovolume dos grupos morfológicos funcionais (GFBMs) de cianobactérias III, VII e VIII. Amostrou-se o fitoplâncton de lagos, reservatórios e rios brasileiros, em distintos períodos do ciclo hidrológico (N= 3203). O biovolume dos GFBMs foi afetado positivamente pelo fósforo e negativamente pelo nitrogênio e turbidez. O IIH e TR apresentaram efeitos negativos sobre a relação biovolume-ambiente. As metaregressões evidenciaram distintas relações entre biovolume e nitrogênio para os grupos III, VII e VIII, assim como relações negativas em dados temporais, o que indica que eventos hidrológicos teve efeito sobre elas. Os resultados indicaram que variáveis locais, como as condições hidrodinâmicas, podem afetar a força das relações entre biovolume, nitrogênio e fósforo, o que ocasiona efeito negativo sobre os GFBMs.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Cianobactérias planctônicas ; Ecologia ; Abordagem funcional ; Variabilidade espaço-temporal ; Impactos antrópicos ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Functional morphology ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::P::Planktonic algae ; ASFA_2015::P::Plankton blooms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 64
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The invasion success of non-native species depends on several factors, and native populations and biotic characteristics of non-native environments can offer resistance to non-native species development. Reservoirs can facilitate submerged macrophyte invasion once it modifies the environment and provides favorable abiotic conditions to macrophyte establishment and development. However, previous colonization of native species can resist the development of invasive ones through priority effects. In this investigation we used large data-set (1120 samplings during 4 years) obtained in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil/Paraguay) to assess the relationship between the abundance of the native submerged macrophyte Egeria najas and of the invasive Hydrilla verticillata and the water level, littoral slope and Secchi disk depth. We also investigated how the concomitant and previous abundance of both macrophytes correlates. A spatial-temporal modeling was applied using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations method, which controls the effect of spatial-temporal autocorrelation. Our results indicate an important role of water transparency, littoral slope and water level oscillations (in terms of amplitude and increased hydrometric level), in a short period of time (30 days) for the temporal dynamics of the abundance of both species. However, alterations of the hydrometric levels and of the littoral slope affected H. verticillata to a greater extent than E. najas. In addition, the abundance of each species was related with its own abundance in previous samplings, highlighting the importance of vegetative propagule pressure and resistance structures for population recovery. The magnitude of the interaction between both species in concomitant occurrence in the same site was abundance dependent.
    Description: O sucesso da invasão de espécies não nativas depende de vários fatores. Populações nativas e características bióticas de ambientes não nativos podem oferecer resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies não nativas. Porém, a colonização prévia de espécies nativas pode impor resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies invasoras por meio de efeitos de prioridade. Nesta investigação utilizou-se um grande conjunto de dados (1120 amostragens durante 4 anos) obtidos Reservatórios podem facilitar a invasão de macrófitas submersas, uma vez que modificam o ambiente e fornecem condições abióticas favoráveis para o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de macrófitas no reservatório de Itaipu (Brasil/Paraguai) para avaliar a relação entre a abundância da macrófita submersa nativa Egeria najas e da invasora Hydrilla verticillata e o nível da água, declividade litorânea e profundidade do disco de Secchi. Também se investigou, como a abundância concomitante e prévia de ambas as macrófitas se correlaciona. Uma modelagem espaço-temporal foi aplicada usando o método de Aproximações Aninhadas Integradas de Laplace, que controla o efeito da autocorrelação espaço-temporal. Os resultados indicam um importante papel da transparência da água, declividade litorânea e oscilações do nível da água (em termos de amplitude e aumento do nível hidrométrico), em um curto período de tempo (30 dias) para a dinâmica temporal da abundância das duas espécies. Contudo, as alterações dos níveis hidrométricos e do declive litorâneo afetaram mais H. verticillata em comparação a E. najas. Ademais, a abundância de cada espécie foi relacionada com a sua própria abundância em amostragens anteriores, evidenciando a importância da pressão do propágulo vegetativo e das estruturas de resistência para a recuperação populacional. A magnitude da interação entre as duas espécies ao ocorrerem concomitantemente no mesmo ponto foi dependente da abundância.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecologia de reservatórios ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas nativas e invasoras ; Abundância ; Preditores abióticos e bióticos ; Nível da água ; Abundância prévia ; Efeitos de prioridade ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::W::Water levels ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::P::Prediction ; ASFA_2015::A::Abiotic factors ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 65
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Freshwater ecosystems such as the Upper Paraná River floodplain are constantly subjected to environmental changes caused by natural disturbances, but mainly by anthropogenic impacts (such as dams), which have drastically affected the biodiversity of these aquatic systems. One way to assess the rates of environmental change in systems such as plains is through biomonitoring studies on large temporal scales, with diatoms being excellent bioindicators in determining environmental changes in different aquatic ecosystems. Based on this, the temporal pattern of the periphytic diatom community of a lake in the upper Paraná River floodplain was investigated in order to seek patterns that reflect the environmental changes in this plain, covering studies with different approaches, such as ecology, taxonomic and of environmental education. As a result of these different studies, it is noteworthy that the association of the taxonomic and functional approach in the components of beta diversity was extremely important for the interpretation of variation in the composition of diatom species in a long time series, especially when considering the importance of the contribution beta diversity site - LCBD. It was also sought to highlight the use of diatoms as indicators in determining hydrological changes, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring of the region, in order to follow the direction of ecological changes, both hydrological and climatic in this plain. The importance of taxonomic studies in the plain was also highlighted in this thesis, in order to better understand the local biodiversity of diatoms, since new species such as Staurosirella paranaensis are being registered. Finally, this thesis includes a proposal for educational games on microalgae and their ecological importance in the environmental indication of aquatic bodies, to emphasize the relevance of environmental education in the research, teaching and extension process.
    Description: Ecossistemas de água doce como a planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná estão constantemente submetidos a mudanças ambientais causadas por distúrbios naturais, mas principalmente por impactos antrópicos (como barramentos), que tem afetado drasticamente a biodiversidade desses sistemas aquáticos. Uma forma de avaliar as taxas de alterações ambientais em sistemas como as planícies, é por meio dos estudos de biomonitoramento em grandes escalas temporais, sendo as diatomáceas excelentes bioindicadoras na determinação de mudanças ambientais nos diversos ecossistemas aquáticos. Com base nisso, foi investigado o padrão temporal da comunidade de diatomáceas perifíticas de um lago da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, a fim de buscar padrões que refletem as alterações ambientais desta planície, abrangendo estudos com diferentes abordagens, como ecologia, taxonômica e de educação ambiental. Como resultado destes diferentes estudos, ressalta-se que a associação da abordagem taxonômica e funcional nos componentes da diversidade beta foi de extrema importância para a interpretação de variação da composição de espécies de diatomáceas em uma longa série temporal, principalmente quando consideramos a importância da contribuição local da diversidade beta - LCBD. Também se buscou evidenciar o uso das diatomáceas como indicadores na determinação das alterações hidrológicas, reforçando a necessidade de um monitoramento contínuo da região, no intuito de acompanhar a direção das mudanças ecológicas, tanto hidrológicas quanto climáticas desta planície. A importância dos estudos taxonômicos na planície, também foi destaque nesta tese, a fim de conhecer melhor a biodiversidade local de diatomáceas, uma vez que novas espécies estão sendo registradas, como a Staurosirella paranaensis. Por fim, esta tese engloba uma proposta de jogos didáticos sobre microalgas e a importância ecológica delas na indicação ambiental de corpos aquáticos, no intuito de ressaltar a relevância da educação ambiental no processo de pesquisa, ensino e extensão.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Algas perifíticas ; Diatomáceas ; Microalgas perífiticas de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças climáticas ; Taxonomia ; Jogos didáticos ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae ; ASFA_2015::D::Diatoms ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 140pp.
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  • 66
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The degree at which populations are correlated in space is called spatial synchrony and can be affected by interspecific interactions, dispersion, and large-scale environmental factors, i. e. Moran effect. The study of this phenomenon can help understanding the temporal stability of communities and the underlying mechanisms. The influence of damming in a river from the Amazon basin (Santo Antônio do Jari HPP) on the synchrony of the environment and the phytoplankton community was evaluated, both for the total density and for different Reynolds functional groups. Was investigated whether the effects would be similar for the main channel (Jari River), tributaries, and for the total area (Jari + tributaries). The mean synchrony values and the confidence intervals of each abiotic variable, functional group, and the total density were estimated for the total area, Jari River and tributaries. Matrix-based multiple regression were also performed to identify the most important drivers of synchrony of the phytoplankton. Changes in the synchrony patterns were verified after the damming. The temporal dynamics of environmental variables, total density and of some functional groups was more synchronous when considering only the Jari River, than the total area or only tributaries. Environmental synchrony and environmental distance were the main mechanisms behind synchrony for some functional groups.
    Description: O grau de correlação de populações no espaço é denominado sincronia espacial e pode ser afetado por interações interespecíficas, dispersão e fatores ambientais de ampla escala, (i. e., efeito Moran). O estudo deste fenômeno pode colaborar na compreensão da estabilidade temporal das comunidades e a descobrir quais os mecanismos associados ao processo. Avaliou-se a influência de um barramento em um rio da bacia Amazônica (UHE Santo Antônio do Jari) sobre a sincronia espacial ambiental e do fitoplâncton do rio Jari e tributários. Mensurou-se a sincronia (total, média e intervalo de confiança) para cada variável abiótica, para a densidade de toda a comunidade e para cada grupo funcional de Reynolds, considerando a área total (11 locais - rio Jari + tributários), apenas rio Jari (cinco locais) e apenas tributários (seis locais), utilizando uma série temporal de oito anos. Regressões matriciais múltiplas foram utilizadas para identificar os fatores determinantes da sincronia do fitoplâncton. Verificou-se mudanças nos padrões de sincronia após o barramento. A dinâmica temporal das variáveis ambientais, da densidade de toda a comunidade e de alguns grupos funcionais apresentou-se mais sincrônica quando considerado somente o rio Jari, do que toda a área ou somente os tributários. Em geral, a distância ambiental mostrou-se o preditor mais importante para explicar a sincronia espacial do que a distância geográfica.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Abordagem funcional ; Impacto ambiental ; Sincronia espacial ; Barramento ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 67
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The survival and growth of fish larvae during ontogeny are related to the ability to obtain adequate food, providing subsidies for individuals reach the adult age. The foraging capacity, availability and abundance of prey and morphological development, especially swimming performance and visual acuity are important factors in reproductive success. In this study, the aspects related to feeding during the ontogeny of fish larvae from a floodplain system were analyzed, evaluating the coexistence capacity and the predator-prey interaction. Specifically, the objectives were (1) to analyze the inter and intraspecific variations in the diet of three invasive fish species (Auchenipterus osteomystax, Plagioscion squamosissimus and Hypophthalmus oremaculatus) during their initial ontogeny and the relationship with coexistence; and (2) to apply a new approach in trophic ecology studies during ontogeny, evaluating the interaction and organization of the predator-prey network, using A. osteomystax as model. The larvae of invasive fish species had different diets inter and intraspecifically, low diet overlap and high niche breadth primarily for P. squamosissimus. The coexistence of larvae of these species is probably possible due to low competition, differentiation of trophic guilds, resource partitioning and trophic plasticity. Regarding the predator-prey network, A. osteomystax showed a nested structure, low connectivity and a pattern of segregation in resource consumption. The larvae fed exclusively on aquatic insects, impacting the robustness of the network when the most frequent prey in the diet is removed, here represented by Diptera and Chironomidae pupa. Furthermore, the correlation between metric variables and morphological networks showed that the species is of more general position as the network develops, increasing its capacity predation. Both studies demonstrated the importance of knowing the species-habitat interaction and the processes that govern prey capture, avoiding inter and intraspecific competition through resource partitioning and behavioral and foraging changes during ontogeny.
    Description: A sobrevivência e o crescimento das larvas de peixes durante a ontogenia estão relacionados com a capacidade de se obter alimento adequado, o qual fornece subsídios para que os indivíduos alcancem a vida adulta. A capacidade de forrageamento, a disponibilidade e abundância de presas e o desenvolvimento morfológico, principalmente da capacidade natatória e acuidade visual são fatores preponderantes no sucesso reprodutivo. Analisou-se, os aspectos relacionados à alimentação durante a ontogenia das larvas de peixes de um sistema de planície de inundação, avaliando a capacidade de coexistência e a interação predador-presa. Especificamente os objetivos foram (1) analisar as variações inter e intraespecíficas da dieta de três espécies de peixes invasoras (Auchenipterus osteomystax, Plagioscion squamosissimus e Hypophthalmus oremaculatus) durante a sua ontogenia inicial e a relação com a coexistência; (2) aplicar uma nova abordagem em estudos de ecologia trófica durante a ontogenia, avaliando a interação e organização da rede predador-presa, usando como modelo A. osteomystax. As larvas apresentaram dietas distintas tanto inter, quanto intraespecificamente, baixa sobreposição alimentar a alta amplitude de nicho principalmente para P. squamosissimus. A coexistência das larvas destas espécies é possível provavelmente devido à baixa competição, diferenciação de guildas tróficas, particionamento de recursos e plasticidade trófica. Em relação à rede predador-presa, A. osteomystax apresentou estrutura aninhada, baixa conectância e um padrão de segregação no consumo de recursos. As larvas desta espécie alimentaram-se exclusivamente de insetos aquáticos, com impacto na robustez da rede quando ocorre a remoção de presas mais frequentes na dieta, aqui representada por pupa de Diptera e Chironomidae. A correlação entre variáveis morfológicas e as métricas de redes mostrou que a espécie assume uma posição mais generalista na rede conforme ocorre seu desenvolvimento, aumentando sua capacidade de predação. Ambos os estudos demonstraram a importância de se conhecer a interação espécie-habitat e os processos que regem a captura de presas, evitando a competição inter e intraespecífica através do particionamento de recursos e mudanças comportamentais e de forrageamento durante a ontogenia.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Ictioplâncton de água doce ; Larvas ; Ecologia ; Alimentação ; Relação presa-predador ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyoplankton ; ASFA_2015::L::Larvae ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Prey ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::F::Food chains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 66pp.
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  • 68
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Dividing communities into common and rare species, we can understand the processes that structure and determine the distribution of species. Based on this principle, the effect of spatial, environmental and temporal processes on the composition and abundance of common and rare species from different taxonomic groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish) was evaluated in this work. It was also simulated, as the stability of ecosystem functions, considered as the number of phytoplankton functional groups (GFRs), will be affected by the extinction of common and rare species of phytoplankton. To this end, a long series of data (17 years old), obtained in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River, was analyzed. We sought to answer whether sets of common and rare species are most affected by spatial and / or niche processes and whether they are concordant between taxonomic groups and between common and rare species and also if they are dependent on the criterion used to define rarity. The results obtained indicated that the relative contribution of each process varies according to the taxonomic group, but does not vary according to the criterion to define rarity. Both spatial and environmental factors were important for communities, but environmental ones prevailed, especially for common species. It was also examined how the extinction of species (common and rare) affects the stability of ecosystem functions (number of GFRs). The simulated species loss scenarios showed that the phytoplankton functional richness is more affected by the loss of common species than by rare species, both in the high and low water periods. It has also been shown that unconnected lentic environments have a greater contribution from common species, being more affected by the loss of these species.
    Description: Ao dividir as comunidades em espécies comuns e raras, podemos compreender os processos que estruturam e que determinam a distribuição das espécies. Partindo deste principio, neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de processos espaciais, ambientais e temporais na composição e abundância de espécies comuns e raras de diferentes grupos taxonômicos (fitoplâncton, zooplâncton e peixes). Simulou-se também, como a estabilidade de funções ecossistêmicas, considerada como o número de grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos (GFRs), será afetada pela extinção de espécies comuns e raras de fitoplâncton. Para tanto, analisou-se uma longa série de dados (17 anos), obtidos na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Buscou-se responder se conjuntos de espécies comuns e raras são mais afetados por processos espaciais e/ou de nicho e se estes são concordantes entre grupos taxonômicos e entre espécies comuns e raras e também se são dependentes do critério utilizado para definir a raridade. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a contribuição relativa de cada processo varia de acordo com o grupo taxonômico, mas não varia conforme o critério para definir raridade. Ambos os fatores espaciais e ambientais foram importantes para as comunidades, mas os ambientais prevaleceram, principalmente para as espécies comuns. Examinou-se também como a extinção de espécies (comuns e raras), afeta a estabilidade de funções ecossistêmicas (número de GFRs). Os cenários de perda de espécies simulados mostraram que a riqueza funcional do fitoplâncton é mais afetada pela perda de espécies comuns do que pelas espécies raras, tanto no período de águas altas, quanto de águas baixas. Demonstrou-se também que ambientes lênticos não conectados apresentam maior contribuição de espécies comuns, sendo mais afetados pela perda dessas espécies.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Fitoplâncton ; Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Espécies aquáticas comuns e raras ; Diversidade funcional ; Ecologia funcional ; Escala espaço-temporal ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::S::Species rarity ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Common names
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 86pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Cymotroids belong to the order Isopoda and are ectoparasites of fishes. Among the parasitism strategies of cymotroids, it stands out the strategy of penetrating, burrowing and lodging in the abdominal cavity of the hosts. Due to this complex parasitism strategy, they are considered to be highly host-specific parasites. Therefore, we investigated the effects of parasitism of the burrowing cimothyoid Artystone sp. on the loricarids Hisonotus chromodontus and Curculionichthys luteofrenatus in the Selma stream, a tributary of the Teles Pires River - MT. The hypothesis under study is that parasitism causes negative effects on feeding, reproduction and length-weight relationship of the hosts. The presence of alternative hosts was also investigated. The parasitic interaction of Artystone sp. with C. luteofrenatus and H. chromodontus was monitored for one year with standardized monthly collections. We conclude that the burrowing cymotoid Artystone sp. has a high affinity for the hosts C. luteofrenatus and H. chromodontus due to their life history characteristics as a primary cause and then their abundance in the studied environment, and other hosts were not recorded. Parasitic castration caused by Artystone sp. occurred in C. luteofrenatus and H. chromodontus hosts and there was a higher prevalence of infestation in female hosts. The weight-length relationship was lower in parasitized H. chromodontus hosts, indicating a negative effect on somatic increment, even though all hosts had fully replete stomachs and gastrointetinal tracts. The highest standard length values for both species were observed in parasitized and castrated hosts, and this added to the number of hosts with undifferentiated sex, and immature males and females suggests that the parasitic interaction of Artystone sp. with C. luteofrenatus and H. chromodontus starts with very young individuals.
    Description: Os cimotóides pertencem a ordem Isopoda e são ectoparasitas de peixes. Dentre as estratégias de parasitismo dos cimotóides, se destaca a estratégia de penetrar, escavar e se alojar na cavidade abdominal dos hospedeiros. E devido a essa estratégia tão complexa de parasitismo são considerados parasitas de alta especificadade para hospedeiros. Por isso investigou-se os efeitos do parasitismo do cimotóide escavador Artystone sp. nos loricarídeos Hisonotus chromodontus e Curculionichthys luteofrenatus no ribeirão Selma, afluente do rio Teles Pires - MT. A hipótese em estudo é de que o parasitismo provoca efeitos negativos na alimentação, reprodução e relação peso-comprimento dos hospedeiros. Foi investigada também a presença de hospedeiros alternativos. A interação parasitária de Artystone sp. com C. luteofrenatus e H. chromodontus foi monitorada durante um ano com coletas mensais padronizadas. Concluímos que o cimotóide escavador Artystone sp. tem grande afinidade pelos hospedeiros C. luteofrenatus e H. chromodontus devido as suas características de história de vida como causa primária e depois a sua abundância no ambiente estudado, e outros hospedeiros não foram registrados. Ocorre castração parasitária provocada por Artystone sp. nos hospedeiros C. luteofrenatus e H. chromodontus e houve uma maior prevalência de infestação nos hospedeiros fêmeas. A relação peso-comprimento foi menor nos hospedeiros H. chromodontus parasitados, indicando um efeito negativo no incremento somático, ainda que todos os hospedeiros estivessem com estômago e trato gastrointetinal totalmente repleto de alimento. Os maiores valores de comprimento padrão para as duas espécies foram observados em hospedeiros parasitados e castrados, e isso somado ao número de hospedeiros com sexo indiferenciado, e machos e fêmeas imaturos sugere que a interação parasitária de Artystone sp.com C. luteofrenatus e H. chromodontus começa com os indivíduos bem jovens.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Cimotóides escavadores (Peracarida, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) ; Loricarídeos (Loricariidae, Siluriformes) "cascudo" ; Ectoparasitas de peixes de água doce ; Crustáceos parasitas de peixes de água doce ; Peixes de água doce ; Parasitismo ; Ectoparasitismo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::E::Ectoparasitism ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitism ; ASFA_2015::E::Ectoparasites
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 70
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Biological invasions are considered a very important topic of study, as they are considered one of the main causes of extinction and threats to local biodiversity. With regard to invasive aquatic plants in Brazil, representatives of Urochloa (Poaceae), coming from Africa have been highlighted in relation to their potential for invasiveness in Brazilian territory. However, the correct identification of the species included in this genus is doubtful, due to its morphological similarity with other species, which can influence the control measures. Thus, the objective was to carry out a molecular characterization and evaluate the genetic variability of the invasive exotic Poaceae Urochloa arrecta in five different Brazilian regions, especially those occurring in the upper Paraná River floodplain using the ITS nuclear marker and the chloroplast marker trnL-trnF. The sequences obtained were compared with those available from GenBank (NCBI). The results showed a low genetic variation for the sampled populations. Five and seven distinct haplotypes were identified for ITS and trnL-trnF, respectively. The data obtained may be useful for understanding the group's invasion mechanisms in the region.
    Description: As invasões biológicas são consideradas um tópico muito importante de estu
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Urochloa arrecta (Poaceae : Monocotiledonea) “capim-braquiária” ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Diversidade genética ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::G::Genetic diversity ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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  • 71
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Evaluating patterns and predictors of species distribution is important, because anthropogenic actions have been threatening global biodiversity. Hence, researchers have used measures of beta-diversity, defined as the variation in species composition amongst sites of a given area. Several measures of beta-diversity have been created, because using this approach makes it simple to elaborate and test ecological hypotheses, considering species distribution. Here, it was aimed to contribute to the knowledge about drivers and patterns of distribution amongst aquatic communities in Neotropical riverine floodplains. For this, this thesis was fractionated into two approaches, in which was used two different methods to measure beta-diversity. In the first approach, it was assessed the environmental and spatial factors affecting the beta-diversity facets (species-, traits- and phylogeny-based), and their components (Beta-total, replacement and richness difference), of ostracod communities associated with macrophytes, in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Furthermore, it was compared these factors amongst the different life forms: emergent, rooted floating, rooted submerged, free submerged and free floating. In the second approach, it was used the local contribution to beta-diversity approach (LCBD) to evaluate the drivers and patterns of ecological uniqueness of the sites, in terms of species composition, in four floodplain systems, Amazon, Araguaia, Pantanal and Paraná. It was gathered data on community composition for eight aquatic biological groups: phytoplankton, ciliates, testate amoebae, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, ostracods and fish. In general, environmental filtering was more important in explaining distribution patterns of communities, and the species sorting mechanism might be responsible for them, within and amongst the floodplains. In the first approach, different environmental and spatial factors influenced each of the beta-diversity facets of ostracod communities (species-, traits- and phylogeny-based). The factors affecting ostracod beta-diversity were different amongst the macrophyte life forms, evidencing the importance of considering them in ecological surveys of associated communities. In the second approach, the Amazon and Paraná floodplains had higher uniqueness in terms of species composition, showing the importance of conservation actions in these ecosystems. Furthermore, the drivers (e.g. environmental variables) and patterns of LCBD were different amongst the different biological groups, evidencing the need to include a variety of taxa. It was considered that the results of this thesis, based on beta-diversity analyses, contributed to a better understanding of drivers and patterns of distribution amongst communities in Neotropical floodplains. This is because researchers can use them as a reference in conservation and restoration plans for these systems and to prevent the destruction of areas with high conservation value, for example, by the construction of dams and reservoirs.
    Description: Avaliar os padrões e preditores da distribuição de espécies é importante, visto que as ações antrópicas têm ameaçado a biodiversidade global. Para isso, pesquisadores têm usado medidas de diversidade-beta, definida como a variação na composição de espécies entre os locais de uma determinada área. Várias medidas de diversidade-beta têm sido produzidas, visto que através desta abordagem tem sido simples elaborar e testar hipóteses ecológicas, considerando a distribuição de espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi contribuir para o conhecimento de padrões e preditores da distribuição de comunidades aquáticas de planícies de inundação Neotropicais. Assim, foi fracionada em duas abordagens, onde foram utilizados dois métodos diferentes de medida de diversidade-beta. Na primeira abordagem, foi avaliado os fatores ambientais e espaciais que afetam as facetas da diversidade-beta (baseado nas espécies, traços e filogenia) e seus componentes (beta-total, replacement e richness difference), das comunidades de ostrácodes associados a diferentes formas de vida de macrófitas aquáticas, na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Esses fatores foram comparados entre as diferentes formas de vida: emergentes, submersas e flutuantes enraizadas e submersas e flutuantes livres. Na segunda abordagem, foi utilizada a análise da contribuição local para a diversidade-beta (LCBD) para avaliar os preditores e padrões da singularidade dos locais, considerando a composição de espécies, em quatro planícies de inundação, Amazonas, Araguaia, Pantanal e Paraná. Para isso, foram analisados oito grupos biológicos aquáticos: fitoplâncton, ciliados, amebas testáceas, rotíferos, cladóceros, copépodes, ostrácodes e peixes. Em geral, os filtros ambientais foram mais importantes para explicar os padrões de distribuição das comunidades, e o mecanismo species sorting pode ser responsável por tais padrões, dentro e entre as planícies de inundação. Na primeira abordagem, diferentes fatores ambientais e espaciais influenciaram cada uma das facetas da diversidade-beta de ostrácodes (baseadas nas espécies, traços e filogenia). Ademais, os fatores que afetaram a diversidade-beta de ostrácodes foram diferentes entre as formas de vida das macrófitas aquáticas, evidenciando a necessidade de considerá-las em estudos ecológicos considerando as comunidades associadas. Na segunda abordagem, as planícies de inundação do Amazonas e Paraná foram as mais singulares em termos de composição de espécies, que avaliam a importância da preservação destes ecossistemas. Os padrões e preditores (variáveis ambientais) da LCBD foram diferentes entre os grupos biológicos, confirmando a importância de incluir diferentes taxa. Os resultados desta tese, baseados em análises de diversidade-beta, contribuíram para um melhor entendimento sobre os padrões e preditores da distribuição de comunidades aquáticas de planícies de inundação Neotropicais. Dessa forma, eles podem ser usados por pesquisadores como referência para planos de restauração e conservação destes ecossistemas, assim como evitar que áreas de grande valor de conservação sejam impactadas, por exemplo, pela construção de reservatórios e hidroelétricas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Organismos aquáticos de água doce ; Fauna aquática de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade-beta ; Estrutura ; Padrões e preditores ; Fatores espaciais e ambientais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic communities ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental factors ; ASFA_2015::P::Phylogeny ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic organisms ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 110pp.
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  • 72
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems are especially vulnerable to species invasion due to their extent, diversity of habitats, and inherent dynamics. Invasive aquatic macrophytes are of great concern because of their great influence on aquatic ecosystems. In this thesis, we sought to contribute to the field of biological invasions of aquatic macrophytes at regional and global levels using knowledge pertinent to monitoring and preventing the introduction of species. Given that, one of the most concerning invasive species in the world, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, was evaluated in different types of environments in a subtropical floodplain. The relationship of occurrences of this species with its main abiotic predictors was investigated, as well as its relationship with the native (equivalent) species Egeria najas Planch. right after its detection and 10 years later. This work contributed with insights regarding the biotic interactions of invaders and natives as well as changes in environmental predictors that highlight anthropogenic impacts that deserve attention. A second work was carried out to leverage knowledge about invasive aquatic macrophytes at a global level. A compilation of data from several available sources was carried regarding the most common pathways of introduction of aquatic macrophytes to identify the regions of origin and destination of these species and their respective functional groups. Such information is crucial for the determination of public policies and management strategies to avoid the introduction of unwanted species. In summary, this thesis helps the characterization of aquatic macrophyte invasions aiming at their prevention.
    Description: Os ecossistemas aquáticos são especialmente vulneráveis à invasão de espécies devido a sua grande extensão, diversidade de habitat e a dinâmica inerente destes habitat. Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras geram muita preocupação devido à sua grande influência nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Buscou-se contribuir para o campo das invasões biológicas de macrófitas aquáticas em nível regional e global com conhecimentos pertinentes ao monitoramento e prevenção de espécies introduzidas. Na primeira abordagem avaliou-se a invasão de uma das espécies de macrófitas invasoras mais preocupantes do mundo, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, em diferentes tipos de ambientes de uma planície subtropical. Investigou-se a relação das ocorrências desta espécie com seus principais preditores abióticos, bem como sua relação com a espécie nativa (morfologicamente semelhante) Egeria najas Planch. nos primeiros anos de sua introdução e 10 anos depois. Tal trabalho destacou as interações bióticas entre a espécie invasora e a nativa bem como mudanças nos preditores ambientais que sugerem impactos antrópicos merecedores de atenção. Uma segunda abordagem foi realizada com o intuito de alavancar o conhecimento sobre macrófitas aquáticas invasoras em um nível global. Foi realizada uma compilação de dados acerca das vias e caminhos de introdução das macrófitas aquáticas a fim de identificar as regiões de origem e destino destas espécies e de seus respectivos grupos funcionais. Tais informações são cruciais para a determinação de políticas públicas e estratégias de manejo para evitar a introdução de espécies indesejadas. Em suma, os resultados das duas abordagens dão suporte a caracterização das invasões de macrófitas aquáticas visando sua prevenção.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Macrófitas aquáticas ; Espécies invasoras ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade de espécies ; Impacto ambiental ; Monitoramento e prevenção ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 152pp.
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  • 73
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: The introduction of species is considered a problem for aquatic ecosystems on a global scale. Once established, non-native species can affect resident species through numerous interactions and modify the community structure of the local community. Traditionally, taxonomic diversity is used to understand the interactions between native and non-native species, but functional diversity provides more adequate tools to detect changes in communities. The objective of this study was to identify the impacts resulting from the coexistence of native and non-native fish species from the upper Paraná River floodplain, after more than thirty years of invasion (in a discontinuous time series from 1986 to 2018). The first approach dealt with the assessment of the functional diversity patterns of native and non-native species over time and in environments with varying degrees of regulation by dams, as well as the identification of the functional characteristics that most favor these groups of species. The second approach, assessed the variations imposed by non-native fish species on their native congenerics through abundance, distribution and nutritional condition, over time. The evaluation of the functional diversity of native and non-native fish species over time and in habitats with different degrees of environmental change has allowed us to infer potential impacts of non-native species on native species through changes in functional diversity patterns, such as such as richness, divergence and functional redundancy. Furthermore, it was observed that the distribution of the functional characteristics of native and non-native fish species in the lowlands has changed over time. The analysis of the coexistence of native and non-native phylogenetically related species allowed to identify that some species such as Ageneiosus militaris, Serrasalmus maculatus, Schizodon altoparanae and Schizodon nasutus, are gradually being replaced by congeneric non-native species. Given that all species play determined roles in their habitats, the exclusion of any of the native species can have negative consequences on ecosystem goods and services.
    Description: A introdução de espécies é considerada um problema para os ecossistemas aquáticos em escala global. Uma vez estabelecidas, as espécies não nativas podem afetar as espécies residentes através de inúmeras interações e modificar a estrutura da comunidade da comunidade local. Tradicionalmente a diversidade taxonômica é usada para entender as interações entre espécies nativas e não nativas, porém a diversidade funcional proporciona ferramentas mais adequadas para detectar mudanças nas comunidades. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os impactos decorrentes da coexistência de espécies de peixes nativos e não nativos da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, após mais de trinta anos de invasão (numa serie temporal interrompida de 1986 a 2018). Na primeira abordagem, tratou-se da avaliação dos padrões de diversidade funcional das espécies nativas e não nativas ao longo do tempo e em ambientes com diversos graus de regulação por represamentos, assim como da identificação das características funcionais que mais favorecem esses grupos de espécies. Na segunda abordagem, avaliou-se as variações impostas pelas espécies de peixes não nativas sobre suas congenéricas nativas através da abundância, distribuição e condição nutricional, ao longo do tempo. A avaliação da diversidade funcional de espécies de peixes nativos e não nativos ao longo do tempo e em habitats com diferentes graus de alteração ambiental permitiu-nos inferir potenciais impactos de espécies não nativas sobre as nativas a traves de alterações nos padrões de diversidade funcional, tais como riqueza, divergência e redundância funcional. Ainda, foi observado que a distribuição das características funcionais das espécies de peixes nativas e não nativas da planície teve mudanças ao longo tempo. A análise da coexistência de espécies nativas e não nativas filogeneticamente relacionadas permitiu identificar que algumas espécies como Ageneiosus militaris, Serrasalmus maculatus, Schizodon altoparanae e Schizodon nasutus, estão sendo gradualmente substituídas pelas espécies não nativas congenéricas. Dado que todas as espécies desempenham funções determinadas em seus habitats, a exclusão de qualquer uma das espécies nativas pode ter consequências negativas nos bens e serviços ecossistêmicos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade funcional ; Espécies nativas e não nativas ; Invasões biológicas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 127pp.
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  • 74
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Biological communities derive not from a random distribution of organisms but are the result of many processes that include abiotic factors, biotic interactions, and dispersion. The impact of human activities has affected the structure and functioning of ecological communities at an accelerated pace. The phytoplankton community represents a major primary producer of aquatic environments, therefore factors that interfere with its structure and dynamics can also impact other trophic levels in the ecosystem. In this perspective, functional redundancy was the central theme of the first paper, whose aim was to investigate the response of redundancy in phytoplankton communities to environmental factors, when measured for functional groups and functional traits. For this, six years of data collected quarterly (2008 to 2013) from two temperate and three subtropical lakes were used. Traits and groups were efficient to measure this attribute, however, the traits were more efficient when the structuring process of the communities was the environmental filtering. The functional traits most effectively explain the relationship between redundancy and environment. In the second paper, the influence of hydrodynamics, landscape and resources on the structure of the phytoplankton community during a floodplain lake restoration process was evaluated. As expected, factors related to hydrodynamics and resources (light and nutrients) were determinants for biovolume and density. The relative importance of landscape to community attributes increased over time of restoration. Cyanobacteria were dominant at the beginning of the restoration process, followed by phytoflagellates and diatoms. Aiming to disseminate science, the third article presents basic concepts of phytoplankton ecology and the main results related to the themes of the two scientific papers. In summary, the functional approach in phytoplankton ecology stands out as an important tool for the development of community ecology and for restoration and management of aquatic ecosystems projects.
    Description: Comunidades biológicas não são combinações aleatórias de espécies e sim o resultado de diversos processos que incluem fatores abióticos, interações bióticas e dispersão. As ações antrópicas têm afetado a estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades ecológicas em ritmo acelerado. A comunidade fitoplanctônica representa o principal produtor primário dos ambientes aquáticos, portanto fatores que interferem na sua estrutura e dinâmica, também podem causar impactos nos demais níveis tróficos do ecossistema. Nessa perspectiva, a redundância funcional foi tema central da primeira abordagem, cujo objetivo foi investigar a resposta da redundância de comunidades fitoplanctônicas, diante de fatores ambientais, quando medida para grupos e traços funcionais. Para isso utilizou-se seis anos de dados coletados trimestralmente (2008 a 2013) referentes a dois lagos temperados e três subtropicais. Traços e grupos foram eficientes para medir esse atributo, entretanto os traços foram mais eficientes quando o processo estruturador das comunidades foi a filtragem ambiental. Os traços funcionais do fitoplâncton explicaram de maneira mais eficaz a relação entre redundância e ambiente. Na segunda abordagem, avaliou-se a influência da hidrodinâmica, paisagem e recursos sob a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica durante um processo de restauração de um lago de planície de inundação. Como esperado, os fatores relacionados a hidrodinâmica e aos recursos (luz e nutrientes) foram determinantes para o biovolume e densidade. A importância relativa da paisagem para os atributos da comunidade aumentou ao longo do tempo de restauração. Cianobactérias foram dominantes no início da restauração, seguidas de fitoflagelados e diatomáceas. Com o objetivo de divulgar a ciência, a terceira abordagem apresenta conceitos básicos do fitoplâncton e agrupa os principais resultados referentes a redundância funcional e restauração lacustre. Enfatiza-se o uso de traços e grupos funcionais do fitoplâncton como uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento da ecologia de comunidades e para projetos de restauração e manejo dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Redundância funcional ; Restauração lacustre ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 94pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Predicting the area of species distribution on a regional or global scale is one of the elementary objectives in Macroecology. Ecological niche modeling is a potentially important tool for understanding species distribution patterns based on niche theory as a conceptual basis. Based on the occurrences of species and environmental conditions (bioclimatic data), ecological niche models (ENMs) are correlative models that employ different statistical and mathematical methods seeking to predict potential areas of native and exotic species. Since zooplanktonic organisms can respond quickly to small environmental changes, this study aimed to predict, through ecological niche modeling, the potential distribution of native and exotic zooplanktonic species in the current scenario and on the effects of climate change on this thesis was structured in three independent studies. The first chapter aimed to identify potential or environmentally appropriate areas for the occurrence of Kellicottia bostoniensis in native and non-native regions, using bioclimatic models. In the second chapter, we sought to predict the impacts of climate change on the invasive potential of Daphnia lumholtzi, identifying the susceptibility of hydrographic basins to receive the species, considering the effects of climate and reservoirs as potential agents of invasion. Finally, the third chapter aimed to investigate whether there will be changes in alpha diversity (species richness) in the face of future periods of climate change (2050 and 2080) and to identify the main regions of climate refuge for the occurrence of copepod species. Despite the uncertainties embedded in the species distribution models, the results found in this study can be essential in anticipating the responses of native or exotic species, in the face of the impacts of climate change and, in this sense, serve as subsidies for decision-making bodies that value the conservation of biodiversity, maintenance of ecosystem processes and services.
    Description: Prever a área de distribuição das espécies em escala regional ou global é um dos propósitos elementares em Macroecologia. A modelagem de nicho ecológico é uma ferramenta potencialmente importante para o entendimento dos padrões de distribuição das espécies que tem como base conceitual a Teoria de nicho. Baseado nas ocorrências das espécies e condições ambientais (dados bioclimáticos) os modelos de nicho ecológico (ENMs) são correlativos e empregam diferentes métodos estatísticos e matemáticos buscando predizer as áreas potenciais de espécies nativas e exóticas. Visto que os organismos zooplanctônicos podem responder rapidamente a pequenas alterações ambientais esse estudo verificou, por meio de modelos de nicho ecológico, a distribuição potencial de espécies nativas e exóticas zooplanctônicas perante ao cenário atual e sobre os efeitos das mudanças. Inicialmente fooram identificadas as áreas potenciais ou ambientalmente apropriadas para a ocorrência de Kellicottia bostoniensis nas regiões nativas e não nativas, através de modelos bioclimáticos. Em seguida foram realizadas predições considerando os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre o potencial invasor de Daphnia lumholtzi, identificando a susceptibilidade das bacias hidrográficas em receber a espécie, considerando os efeitos do clima e dos reservatórios como agentes potencializadores de invasão. Por fim, foi investigado se haverá mudanças na diversidade alfa (riqueza de espécies) frente aos períodos futuros de mudanças climáticas (2050 e 2080) e identificar as principais regiões de refúgio do clima para ocorrência das espécies de copépodes. Apesar das incertezas embutidas nos modelos de distribuição de espécies, os resultados encontrados poderão ser essenciais na antecipação das respostas das espécies nativas ou exóticas, frente aos impactos das mudanças climáticas e servir como subsídios para órgãos tomadores de decisão que prezam pela conservação da biodiversidade, manutenção dos processos e serviços ecossistêmicos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Nicho ecológico ; Modelos ; Distribuição de espécies ; Mudanças climáticas ; Macroecologia ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::N::Niches ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::D::Distribution ; ASFA_2015::S::Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 115pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: A major challenge for conservation biology is to explain why some species are more likely to be endangered than others. Functional diversity is one of the most effective theoretical tools to explain the functioning of ecosystems, that is, whether species will adapt to changes or not, and may indicate traits that are more prone to extinction. Given the Brazilian biodiversity, the ecosystem services provided by it and the impacts it may suffer, there is an urgent need for a discussion on the methods and sources of information used for this assessment. Therefore, this thesis is divided into three studies. In the first study, a literature review was carried out on the different methodologies used for the classification of “rare species”, a very controversial and little studied topic. In the second study, the taxonomic indeterminacy of fish studies in the Neotropical region between 1991 and 2018 was investigated, relating the indeterminacy by year, basin and families. In this context, in the last study, precisely with the need to investigate the metacommunities of tropical systems, patterns of functional rarity in fish assemblages in a section of the Upper Rio Tocantins, Amazon Basin and the Upper Paraná River Floodplain were analyzed. last book excerpt of dams of this water system. Thus, this study will contribute to the understanding of the different patterns at the community level.
    Description: Um grande desafio para a biologia da conservação é explicar por que algumas espécies são mais propensas a ser ameaçada de extinção do que outros. A diversidade funcional é uma das ferramentas teóricas mais efetivas para explicar o funcionamento dos ecossistemas, ou seja, se as espécies se adaptarão as mudanças ou não, podendo indicar os traços mais propensos à extinção. Face a biodiversidade brasileira, os serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por ela e os impactos que pode sofrer, urge uma discussão sobre os métodos e fontes de informação utilizados para essa avaliação. Por isto, esta tese é dividida em três estudos. No primeiro estudo foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as diferentes metodologias utilizadas para a classificação de “espécies raras”, um tema muito controverso e pouco estudado. No segundo estudo foi investigada a indeterminância taxonômica de estudos de peixes na região Neotropical entre o ano de 1991 a 2018, relacionando a indeterminância por ano, bacia e famílias. Neste contexto, no último estudo, justamente com a necessidade de investigar as metacomunidades dos sistemas tropicais, foram analisados os padrões de raridade funcional nas assembleias de peixes em uma seção do Alto Rio Tocantins, Bacia Amazônia e da Planície de Inundação do Alto rio Paraná, último trecho livro de barragens deste sistema hídrico. Assim, esse estudo contribuirá para a compreensão dos diversos padrões em nível de comunidade.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Espécies raras ; Diversidade e conservação ; Biologia da conservação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::S::Species rarity ; ASFA_2015::B::Biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 88pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: The aquatic communities in phytotelmata are structured by several environmental factors, and they act in the trophic and non-trophic interactions of these environments. Phytotelmata are micro-ecosystems of fresh water, rich in species and are considered an excellent study model. Here, we use plants from the family Bromeliaceae of the species Quesnelia arvensis, to investigate the relationships between biotic and abiotic variables and their effects on interactions in phytotelmata. Our hypothesis was that habitat size and canopy cover gradients would determine the abundance of microbiota communities and their interactions. We carried out samples on bromeliads located in the state park of the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso - SP, Brazil, in different canopy cover gradients, in addition we selected plants of different sizes, to investigate the effects of habitat size. To check the interactions between the variables and score the interactions (positive and negative) we use the lasso graphical method, which exemplifies these interactions through a network graph. Also, we performed a simple regression analysis in to determine the correlations between biotic and abiotic variables. Our results indicate that the canopy cover and the size of the habitat (water volume) were the most important variables in interactions in phytothelmata. The canopy cover presented the greatest amount of negative connections, mainly with the levels of ammonia, Culicidae larvae and algae in general, with the exception of phyto-flagellates. In contrast, habitat size showed strong positive connections with rotifers and copepods and did not show any negative connection with other variables. Finally, our results demonstrate that among the set of factors analyzed, canopy cover and habitat size were in fact the most representative, as expected.
    Description: As comunidades aquáticas em fitotelmatas são estruturadas por vários fatores ambientais que atuam nas interações tróficas e não tróficas desses ambientes. Fitotelmatas são microecossistemas de água doce, ricos em biodiversidade e são considerados um excelente modelo de estudo. Foram utilizadas plantas da família Bromeliaceae da espécie Quesnelia arvensis, com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre as variáveis bióticas e abióticas e seus efeitos sobre as interações da microbiota desses ambientes. A hipótese testada foi de que o tamanho do habitat e os gradientes de cobertura de dossel determinariam a abundância das comunidades da microbiota e suas interações. Foram realizadas coletas em bromélias localizadas no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso – SP, Brasil, em diferentes gradientes de cobertura de dossel e tamanhos, a fim de investigar os efeitos do tamanho do habitat. Para verificar as interações entre as variáveis e pontuar as interações (positivas e negativas) foi utilizado o método graphical lasso, que exemplifica essas interações através de um gráfico de rede. Também, foi realizada uma análise de regressão simples a fim de determinar as correlações entre as variáveis bióticas e abióticas. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a cobertura de dossel e o tamanho do habitat foram as variáveis mais importantes nas interações em fitotelmatas. A cobertura de dossel apresentou a maior quantidade de conexões negativas, principalmente com os níveis de amônia, larvas de Culicídeos e algas em geral, com exceção dos fitoflagelados. Em contrapartida, o tamanho do habitat apresentou fortes conexões positivas com os rotíferos e os copépodes e não apresentou nenhuma conexão negativa com outras variáveis. Por fim, corroborando nossa hipótese, os resultados desse estudo demonstram que, dentre o conjunto de fatores analisados, a cobertura de dossel e o tamanho do habitat foram os mais representativos para a estruturação trófica das comunidades da microbiota assim como esperado.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitotelmatas ; Microssistemas de água doce ; Microbiotas aquáticas de água doce ; Interações tróficas ; Variáveis bióticas e abióticas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Bromeliaceae ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic ecology ; ASFA_2015::T::Temperature ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Plants
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 32pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: In the era of the Anthropocene, the effects of climate change on the freshwater ecosystems are clearly complex, since warming and different temperature related drivers influence interacting physical, biogeochemical and biological processes. Climate change is predicted to have huge impacts on the Earth’s ecosystems through temperature increase, changed patterns of precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events, and combinations of these thus, climate change may become one of the major drivers affecting the diversity, composition, structure, and functioning of ecological communities over the next several decades. In this thesis, composed of two papers, we evaluate the effects of multiple factors related to climate change on the natural phytoplankton community. In the first one, we conducted an indoor experiment to test how increasing temperatures influence natural phytoplankton diversity and CO2 emissions in eutrophic ecosystems. Our results experimentally show that, under future scenarios of climate warming, the phytoplankton community composition can respond strongly, affecting ecosystem functions such as biomass production, resource use efficiency, carbon flux balance. Warming clearly aggravated the negative effects of eutrophication through the enhancement of cyanobacteria, all other factors being equal. Since the suggestion that eutrophication may promote climate change by increasing the release of greenhouse gases from fresh waters, it has been found that eutrophication may interact with warming via a positive feedback to atmospheric CH4 emissions. Here, we also found experimental evidence of a positive feedback between the major eutrophication symptom (cyanobacterial blooms) and warming, via higher CO2 emission rates in cyanobacteria dominated warmer systems, besides other changes in key ecosystem functions. In the second paper, we conducted an indoor short-term experiment to test how the natural phytoplankton community subjected to different temperatures reacted to the stressors of climate change (warming, eutrophication, extremes rainfall events) can affect the ecosystem stability. We find that the phytoplankton communities responds differently to disturbances. The environments with cyanobacterial blooms have benefited and proved to be resilient to the extremes rainfall events. In contrast, environments less stressed by warming have a slower response to the event of extreme rainfall, and that they often do not recover their biomass before the extreme rainfall event. Thus, given the multiple effects of climate change, the most stressed environments have greater ecosystem stability (resilience, resistance, and recovery) when compared to the least stressed. In summary, the findings of this thesis, we have experimental evidence with phytoplankton community, that climate change will profoundly affect ecosystem functions (e.g., biomass production, energy transfer, and carbon cycle). In this sense, we hope to contribute with policies to prevent or mitigate the ecological impacts of climate change.
    Description: Na era do Antropoceno, os efeitos das mudanças climáticas nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais apresentam múltiplos fatores, uma vez que o aquecimento e os diferentes fatores relacionados às mudanças climáticas influenciam os processos físicos, biogeoquímicos e biológicos. As mudanças climáticas causam impactos relevantes nos ecossistemas da Terra por meio do aumento da temperatura, mudanças nos padrões de precipitação, eventos climáticos extremos mais frequentes, mudanças nas concentrações de CO2, entre outros. Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas somam-se aos efeitos contínuos de outros fatores globais e locais que afetam a diversidade, composição, estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades ecológicas, como eutrofização, fragmentação do habitat, mudanças no uso da terra e mudanças nos ciclos biogeoquímicos. Assim, esta tese é composta por dois segmentos. Para o primeiro segmento, desenvolveu-se um experimento para testar como o aumento das temperaturas influencia a diversidade fitoplanctônica e as emissões de CO2 em ambientes eutróficos. Os resultados mostraram que, em cenários futuros de aquecimento, a composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica é alterada, afetando funções do ecossistema, como produção de biomassa, eficiência no uso de recursos e balanço de fluxo de carbono. O aquecimento agravou os efeitos negativos da eutrofização através do aumento das cianobactérias. Encontrou-se que a eutrofização pode promover mudanças climáticas, aumentando a liberação de gases de efeito estufa com evidências experimentais de um feedback positivo entre o principal sintoma de eutrofização (florações de cianobactérias) e o aquecimento, por meio de taxas de emissão de CO2 mais altas em sistemas mais quentes dominados por cianobactérias, além de outras mudanças nas principais funções do ecossistema. No segundo segmento, conduziu-se um experimento de curto prazo para testar como diferentes comunidades fitoplanctônicas naturais, promovidas por diferentes regimes de temperatura, reagiram a um evento de chuva extrema simulada e, assim, analisar a estabilidade e resiliência do ecossistema. Constatou-se que as comunidades fitoplanctônicas submetidas a diferentes temperaturas responderam de forma diferente aos distúrbios. As comunidades dominadas por florações de cianobactérias se beneficiaram e mostraram-se resilientes ao evento de chuvas extremas. Em contraste, as comunidades supostamente menos estressadas pelo aquecimento tiveram uma resposta mais lenta ao evento de chuvas extremas e não recuperaram a biomassa antes do evento de chuvas extremas. Descobriu-se que as comunidades aparentemente mais estressadas (ou seja, sob a temperatura mais alta) têm maior estabilidade do ecossistema (resiliência, resistência e recuperação) quando comparadas às comunidades menos estressadas. Em suma, a evidência experimental indica que as mudanças climáticas afetarão profundamente a estrutura da comunidade e algumas funções do ecossistema (por exemplo, produção de biomassa, transferência de energia e ciclo do carbono). Destaca-se a necessidade de fortalecer as políticas e medidas locais para prevenir ou mitigar os impactos ecológicos das mudanças climáticas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Mudanças climáticas ; Eutrofização ; Período Antropoceno ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::R::Rainfall ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater environment ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::Q::Quaternary period
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 96pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Freshwater environments are the most vulnerable to climate change, and projected increases in temperature over the coming decades bring an unfavorable scenario for aquatic organisms. Warming, when combined with nutrient availability, can trigger even more complex interactions in the functioning of microbial food webs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warming and resource availability from detritus on the community structure of freshwater aquatic microbiota (richness, density and beta diversity) using natural microcosms (tank bromeliads) as a model system. Warming was simulated with temperature increase projections for the next decades following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The dry mass (g) of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) from each bromeliad was used as a measure for resource availability (detritus biomass). Detritus biomass caused a negative effect on algal and microfauna density, and for total algal richness. Detritus biomass explained the variation for almost all components of microfauna beta diversity, except for the replacement component (βrepl), where warming was responsible for this variation. For algae the interaction between warming and detritus biomass was most important in explaining the variation in total beta and βrepl, while for the richness difference component (βrich) this variation was explained only by detritus biomass. In summary, the results obtained suggest that warming and increased detritus biomass acted strongly on the structuring of the communities, reducing the density and richness of the aquatic microbiota. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that temperature can increase the dissimilarity of communities of groups of organisms in the heterotrophic plot (microfauna), mainly by species substitution.
    Description: Os ambientes de água doce são os mais vulneráveis às alterações climáticas e, as projeções de aumento da temperatura para as próximas décadas, trazem um cenário desfavorável para organismos aquáticos. O aquecimento, quando combinado com disponibilidade de nutrientes, pode desencadear interações ainda mais complexas no funcionamento das teias alimentares microbianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do aquecimento e da disponibilidade de recursos proveniente de detritos na estrutura das comunidades da microbiota aquática de água doce (riqueza, densidade e diversidade beta), usando microcosmos naturais (bromélias-tanque) como sistema modelo. O aquecimento foi simulado com as projeções de aumento da temperatura para as próximas décadas seguindo o Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas. A massa seca (g) de matéria orgânica particulada grosseira (CPOM) de cada bromélia foi usada como medida para a disponibilidade de recurso (biomassa de detritos). A biomassa de detritos causou efeito negativo sobre a densidade de algas e da microfauna, e para a riqueza total de algas. A biomassa de detritos explicou a variação para quase todos os componentes da diversidade beta da microfauna, exceto para o componente replacement (βrepl), em que o aquecimento foi responsável por essa variação. Para as algas a interação entre aquecimento e biomassa de detritos foi o mais importante para explicar a variação da beta total e βrepl, enquanto que para o componente de diferença de riqueza (βrich) essa variação foi explicada apenas pela biomassa de detritos. Em síntese, os resultados obtidos indicam que o aquecimento e o aumento da biomassa de detritos atuaram fortemente na estruturação das comunidades, reduzindo a densidade e a riqueza da microbiota aquática. Outrossim, os resultados trazem evidências de que a temperatura pode aumentar a dissimilaridade das comunidades de grupos de organismos da parcela heterotrófica (microfauna), principalmente por substituição de espécies.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Microbiota aquática de água doce ; Microfauna aquática de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Perda de espécies ; Mudanças climáticas ; Temperatura e nutrientes ; ASFA_2015::F::Fresh water ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic communities ; ASFA_2015::M::Microfauna ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic fauna ; ASFA_2015::M::Microcosms ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Species are becoming extinct at extremely high rates. Among the various stressors, we can highlight the destruction of habitats, introduction of exotic species, overexploitation of species, pollution and global climate change. Because of these various stressors, freshwater ecosystems are considered the most threatened in the world, studies that guide or support decision-making are essential to mitigate anthropogenic actions. In order to find patterns at the watershed level, this study sought to predict the effects of different anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of threatened species of freshwater fish. The first study assessed the vulnerability of endangered fish species to climate change. The second studyvdefined priority areas for the conservation of endangered fish species and the third chapter sought to identify the main anthropogenic impacts on endangered fish species in Brazil. Thus, identifying the main anthropogenic impacts at the river basin level is the first for conservation strategies to be adopted.
    Description: Espécies vêm sendo extintas a taxas extremamente elevadas. Dentre os diversos estressores, pode-se destacar a destruição de habitats, introdução de espécies exóticas, sobreexploração de espécies, poluição e mudanças climáticas globais. Por conta desses diveros estressores, os ecossistemas de água doce são considerados os mais ameaçados do mundo, estudos que guiem ou subsidiem a tomada de decisão são essenciais para mitigar as ações antrópicas. Com o objetivo de encontrar padrões à nível de bacias hidrográficas, esse estudo buscou predizer os efeitos dos diversos impactos antrópicos sobre a distribuição de espécies ameaçadas de peixes de água doce. Avaliou-se a vulnerabilidade das espécies de peixes de extinção frente às mudanças climáticas. Definiu-se também áreas prioridades para conservação das espécies de peixes ameaçadas de extinção e o terceiro estudo buscou identificar os principais impactos antrópicos sobre espécies de peixes ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil. Assim, identificar os principais impactos antrópicos a nível de bacia hidrográfica é o primeiro para que estratégias de conservação sejam adotadas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Espécies ameaçadas de extinção ; Impactos ambientais ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::S::Species extinction ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 148pp.
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  • 81
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Since the classic Forbes publication “The Lake as a Microcosm” in 1887, scientific research on freshwater ecosystems has been boosted due to the formulation of the first limnological concepts. For a long period, scientific research aimed at the spatial distribution of communities was focused on large water bodies, leaving aside studies in small freshwater environments, such as bromeliad phytotelmata. The first work of this thesis carried out a scientometric analysis in virtual databases on bromeliad phytotelmata, and 140 publications were found. South America was the region with the highest number of articles published. Most articles presented predictive designs, focusing on community ecology. Insecta was the most recorded group of organisms. In the second article, it was investigated how the microcrustacean community (composition, abundance and richness) is associated with the phytotelmata of Nidularium innocentii Lem. was influenced by the limnological variables present along the altitudinal gradient. The study was carried out in Serra da Prata, in the state of Paraná. The results did not show a distribution pattern in species richness along the altitudinal gradient, refuting the central domain effect hypothesis among others. However, there were dissimilarities in the composition of microcrustacean species in relation to altitudes. The different climatic types and vegetation types directly influenced the environmental variables in the phytotelmata microcosms, leading to similarities in species composition between altimetric elevations located in the same climatic region and dissimilarities between different climates.
    Description: Desde a clássica publicação de Forbes “The Lake as a Microcosmo”, em 1887, pesquisas científicas em ecossistemas dulcícolas foram impulsionadas devido à formulação dos primeiros conceitos limnológicos. Durante um longo período, pesquisas científicas direcionadas à distribuição espacial de comunidades foram voltadas aos grandes corpos hídricos, deixando de lado estudos em pequenos ambientes de água doce, como fitotelmata de bromeliáceas. Realizou-se uma análise cienciométrica em bases de dados virtuais sobre fitotelmata de bromeliáceas, sendo encontradas 140 publicações. A América do Sul foi a região com maior número de artigos publicados. A maioria dos artigos apresentou delineamentos preditivos, com enfoque sobre ecologia de comunidades. Insecta foi o grupo de organismos mais registrado. Investigou-se como a comunidade de microcrustáceos (composição, abundância e riqueza), associada à fitotelmata de Nidularium innocentii Lem. foi influenciada pelas variáveis limnológicas presentes ao longo do gradiente altitudinal. O estudo foi realizado na Serra da Prata, no estado do Paraná. Os resultados não apresentaram um padrão de distribuição na riqueza de espécies ao longo do gradiente altitudinal, refutando a hipótese do efeito do domínio central dentre outras. Contudo, ocorreram dissimilaridades na composição de espécies de microcrustáceos em relação às altitudes. Os diferentes tipos climáticos e de vegetações influenciaram diretamente as variáveis ambientais nos microcosmos de fitotelmata, levando à similaridades na composição de espécies entre cotas altimétricas localizadas na mesma região climática e dissimilaridades entre climas distintos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Copépodes de fitotelmatas (Crustacea, Copepoda) ; Ostracoda de fitotelmatas (Crustacea, Ostracoda) ; Microcrustáceos de fitotelmatas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Influências climáticas ; Bromeliaceae ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climate ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 61pp.
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  • 82
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Ecological studies in all environments of the world the effects of non-native species in various parts of the world are discussed. Regarding the invasion of these environments, we highlight the Phylum Sanitary, especially the ecological Mollusa, for presenting numerous gastronomic classes, with many species with potential, which can lead to as many sanitary, as well as sanitary and graves, in places of invasion. Know the invasive species that are reported in their scientific distribution, in this case introduction and the main ones are reported, is of fundamental importance. Knowing the risk of introducing an invasive species, and its impacts on the invaded places, it is necessary to find ways of prevention. A precious tool of meaning is an invasion of the invasive potential of one, thus generating a risk that indicates the suitability of the habitat or probability of occurrence based on the environmental conditions of the native area and the area in which the species may become invasive. . In this way, the adequacy of the invasive Melanoides tuberculata against a native species by Biomphalaria glabra, which is also a species with potential to cause toilets, is of fundamental importance, to predict possible invasion sites, and if the species are competing for the same ecological niches. Thus, the present work is subdivided into two works that address issues such as: a systematic of scientific articles about invasive freshwater gastropods. The second work will address the modeling of the current and future potential distribution of two problematic gastropod species in South America.
    Description: Estudos ecológicos em ambientes aquáticos continentais têm discutido com amplitude o efeito das espécies não nativas em várias partes do mundo. Em relação à invasão destes ambientes, destacamos o Filo Mollusca, principalmente a classe Gastropoda, por apresentar inúmeras espécies, sendo muitas destas espécies com potencial invasor, que podem levar a prejuízos tanto ecológicos, quanto econômicos e sanitários graves, em locais de invasão. Neste caso, conhecer as principais espécies invasoras que são reportadas em artigos científicos, entender sua distribuição global, seus meios de introdução e os principais danos causados, é de fundamental importância. Sabendo do risco de introdução de uma espécie invasora, e seus impactos nos locais invadidos, faz-se necessário estudos de formas de prevenção. Uma ferramenta valiosa nesse sentido é a inferência do potencial invasor de uma espécie, gerando assim um mapa de risco que indique a adequabilidade do habitat ou probabilidade de ocorrência com base nas condições ambientais da área nativa e da área em que a espécie pode vir a se tornar invasora. Deste modo, verificar adequabilidade da espécie invasora Melanoides tuberculata frente a uma espécie nativa Biomphalaria glabrata, que também é uma espécie com potencial causador de prejuízos sanitários, é de fundamental importância, para prevermos os possíveis locais de invasão, e se as espécies estão competindo pelos mesmos nichos ecológicos. Deste modo, foi efetuado uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos a respeito de gastrópodes invasores de água doce. Em um segundo momento foi efetuado uma modelagem da distribuição potencial atual e futura de duas espécies de gastrópodes problemáticas na América do Sul.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Melanoides tuberculata Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) ; Gastrópodes não nativos de água doce ; Nichos ecológicos ; Invasões biológicas ; Mudanças climáticas ; Impactos ambientais ; Comunidades, Dinâmica de ; Ecologia ; Vetores de introdução ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Efeito sanitário ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluscs (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::H::Health ; ASFA_2015::M::Mollusks (freshwater)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 83
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Spatial heterogeneity results in dissimilarity in the composition of fish species with different life histories by influencing the availability and distribution of refuge, food and habitat for breeding. Understanding how this composition is organized along an environmental gradient is of paramount importance in order to protect the spawning sites and preserve the conditions favorable for the dispersion and growth of the larvae after the reproductive process. Thus, it was possible to verify the possible differences in the density of larvae and in the structure of the ichthyoplankton community between biotopes of a fluvial system, specifically intends to (i) answer whether the structure and attributes of the ichthyoplankton community, as well as that of parental reproductive guilds, differ between biotopes with different current speeds; (ii) to identify possible ontogenic variations in the occupation of different biotopes and (iii) to relate environmental factors to the occurrence and abundance of larvae among the biotopes. For this purpose, ichthyoplankton collections were performed in the lower region of the Ivinheima River, a floodplain of the upper Paraná River, during two reproductive periods (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) of the fish. In the river biotope, nine of the 19 long-distance migratory species recorded in the region were found in their early stages of development. Among these, Brycon orbignyanus, categorized as "endangered" and the species Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Piaractus mesopotamicus as "almost threatened", emphasize the importance of maintaining busbar-free lotus environments for the reproductive success of reophilic species, as well as for migratory species of short distances, which also contributed to greater diversity in this biotope. Larvae in early development stages were recorded in the river, which indicates that the species use this biotope as a migratory route and also as a spawning area. Subsequent to spawning, through the current flow, the larvae develop and hatch, while they drift to places with low current speed to develop the larvae. In these places, here characterized as a transition area and pond, non-migratory species with external fertilization were the most abundant. Finally, the environmental factors had no detectable effects on the community structure, however it was observed that the larvae density showed a pattern of distribution among certain thresholds of the environmental variables. It is concluded that the hydrodynamic conditions of the river, especially the direction and speed of the water, influence the distribution patterns of the fish community with different reproductive strategies.
    Description: A heterogeneidade espacial resulta em dissimilaridade na composição de espécies de peixes com diferentes histórias de vida ao influenciar a disponibilidade e distribuição de refúgio, alimento e habitat para a reprodução. Entender como essa composição está organizada ao longo de um gradiente ambiental é de suma importância para proteger os locais de desova e preservar as condições propícias para a dispersão e crescimento das larvas após o processo reprodutivo. Desse modo, verificou-se as possíveis diferenças na densidade de larvas e na estrutura da comunidade ictioplanctônica entre biótopos de um sistema fluvial, especificamente pretende (i) responder se a estrutura e atributos da comunidade ictioplanctônica, bem como das guildas reprodutivas parentais difere entre os biótopos com diferentes velocidades de corrente; (ii) identificar possíveis variações ontogênicas na ocupação dos diferentes biótopos e (iii) relacionar os fatores ambientais com a ocorrência e a abundância das larvas entre os biótopos. Para tanto foram realizadas coletas de ictioplâncton na região inferior do rio Ivinheima, planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, durante dois períodos reprodutivos (2010/2011 e 2011/2012) dos peixes. No biótopo rio, nove das 19 espécies migradoras de longa distância registradas na região foram encontradas em suas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento. Dentre essas, Brycon orbignyanus, categorizada “em perigo” e as espécies Pseudoplatystoma corruscans e Piaractus mesopotamicus em “quase ameaçada”, enfatizam a importância da manutenção de ambientes lóticos livre de barramentos para o sucesso reprodutivo de espécies reofílicas, bem como para espécies migradoras de curta distância, que também contribuíram para maior diversidade nesse biótopo. Larvas em estágios de desenvolvimento inicial foram registradas no rio, o que indica que as espécies utilizam esse biótopo como rota migratória e também como área de desova. Subsequente à desova, através do fluxo de corrente, as larvas desenvolvem-se e eclodem, enquanto derivam para locais com baixa velocidade de corrente para desenvolvimento das larvas. Nesses locais, aqui caracterizados como área de transição e lagoa, espécies não migradoras com fecundação externa, foram as mais abundantes. Por fim, os fatores ambientais não tiveram efeitos detectáveis na estrutura da comunidade, no entanto foi observado que a densidade das larvas apresentou um padrão de distribuição entre determinados limiares das variáveis ambientais. Conclui-se que as condições hidrodinâmicas do rio, especialmente a direção e a velocidade da água influenciam os padrões de distribuição da comunidade de peixes com diferentes estratégias reprodutivas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Ictioplâncton ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Ovos e larvas ; Estratégias reprodutivas ; Heterogeneidade espacial ; Biologia reprodutiva ; Desenvolvimento inicial ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyoplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::E::Eggs ; ASFA_2015::L::Larvae ; ASFA_2015::R::Reproduction ; ASFA_2015::R::Reproduction (biology) ; ASFA_2015::D::Development (biological) ; ASFA_2015::L::Larval stages
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 84
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Global warming can affect thedistribution and development of organisms indirectly through changes in climate patterns and thus, in the habitat of species and, directly through the influence of high temperatures on the physiological and morphological development of organisms. These changes in thepatterns of species density, feeding and reproduction driven by warming and environmental changes also induce changes in the ecological relationships in which these organisms are involved. Thus, we investigated how these two effects of global warming, affect the performance, distribution and ecological relationships of zooplankton species, using functional responses of the organisms, such as biomass production and functional traits, in order to link these changes in zooplankton with ecosystem services. This studyis divided into three approaches, microcosm experiments controlling three temperatures, predation and competition and, a spatial and temporal approach in the upper Paraná River floodplain. In our experiments, we observed that temperature increases indeed lead to more complex relationships inside food webs, with possible negative consequences for aquatic ecosystems. However, the temperature was not the predominant factor in determining the performance of subtropical and temperate cladoceran species, as predation was the mainly structuring factor, changing the performance and competition among species. The study with the spatial and temporal approach showed that extreme climate events modify the limnological heterogeneity of shallow lakes, consequentlyaltering zooplankton species and functional traits, especially by species and traits substitution among environments (beta replacement). Factors related to predation, food availability, limnological variables and, temporal variations influenced differently the zooplankton functional beta diversity depending on the climatic event and the type of lake (connected or isolated), but limnological variables are in fact the most important factor in structuring the zooplankton distribution. Both warming and changes in climate patterns (especially intense dry seasons) negatively affected zooplankton organisms, reducing biomass production, secondary production and, the richness of functional traits among environments. The reduction of these zooplankton functional variables has negative consequences for energy stocks and, the flow of matter inside aquatic food webs, changing the ecosystem services.
    Description: O aquecimento global pode afetar a distribuição e o desenvolvimento dos organismos indiretamente através das mudanças nos padrões climáticos e, assim, no habitat das espécies, e diretamente através da influência das altas temperaturas sobre o desenvolvimento fisiológico e morfológico dos organismos. Essas mudanças nos padrões de densidade, alimentação e reprodução das espécies conduzidas pelo aquecimento e mudanças ambientais induzem também alterações nas relações ecológicas em que esses organismos estão envolvidos. Desta maneira, tivemos como objetivo investigar como esses dois efeitos do aquecimento global, afetam a performance, a distribuição e as relações ecológicas das espécies zooplanctônicas, utilizando respostas funcionais dos organismos, como a produção de biomassa e traços funcionais, com o intuito de conectar essas alterações no zooplâncton com os serviços ecossistêmicos. Para responder a este objetivo, foram realizados experimentos em microcosmos controlando três temperaturas, predação e competição; e trabalho de campo com uma abordagem espacial e temporal na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Nos experimentos observou-se que o aumento de temperatura de fato leva a relações mais complexas dentro das cadeias alimentares com possíveis consequências negativas para os ecossistemas aquáticos. Porém, a temperatura não foi o fator predominante em determinar a performance das espécies de cladóceros de climas temperado e subtropical, sendo que a predação foi o fator estruturante, alterando a performance e as relações de competição entre as espécies. Por meio da abordagem espacial e temporal, observou-se que os eventos climáticos extremos alteram a heterogeneidade limnológica dos lagos rasos com consequente alteração das espécies e dos traços funcionais do zooplâncton, especialmente por meio da substituição de espécies e traços entre os ambientes (beta replacement). Os fatores relacionados a predação, disponibilidade de alimento, variáveis limnológicas e as variações temporais influenciaram diferentemente a diversidade beta funcional do zooplâncton dependendo do evento climático e do tipo de lagoa (conectada ou isolada), mas,de fato as variáveis limnológicas foram o fator mais importante em estruturar a distribuição do zooplâncton. Tanto o aquecimento quanto as mudanças nos padrões climáticos (especialmente períodos de secas intensas) afetaram negativamente os organismos zooplanctônicos, com redução na produção de biomassa, na produção secundária, e na riqueza de traços funcionais entre os ambientes. A redução dessas variáveis funcionais do zooplâncton tem consequências negativas para os estoques de energia e para o fluxo de matéria dentro das cadeias alimentares aquáticas, com alterações nos serviços ecossistêmicos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Competição ; Diversidade funcional ; Mudanças climáticas ; La Niña e El Niño ; Predação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::P::Predation ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 122pp.
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  • 85
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Reservoirs shores are usually colonized by submerged macrophytes, which have a high influence over the functional diversity of fish assemblages. However, there are also intense anthropogenic activities in these habitats, which may affect the functional structure of fish communities as well. Thus, aiming to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and habitat complexity, provided by submerged macrophytes, on the functional diversity of the ichthyofauna of reservoirs, sampling was carried out in three sites in the marginal areas of the Itaipu reservoir, in places near and apart artificial beaches, with and without submerged macrophytes. Functional traits used were morphometric measurements taken from the sampled individuals (intraspecific traits), which were used to calculate three functional diversity indexes: functional richness, evenness and divergence. In general, we found no patterns in functional diversity indexes regarding the distance from artificial beaches (among sampling stations). In contrast, habitat complexity influenced the functional diversity of fish assemblages, which presented different results depending on macrophytes density. While functional richness increased in higher complexities, the opposite occurred considering functional evenness. Additionally, functional divergence was higher in regions without macrophytes. In conclusion, this study improves the knowledge on the importance of different habitats in the maintenance of the functional diversity of fishes in habitats of reservoirs shores, supporting the implementation of management and conservation strategies in these environments.
    Description: Regiões litorâneas de reservatórios são normalmente colonizadas por bancos de macrófitas submersas, que possuem elevada influência sobre a diversidade funcional das assembleias aquáticas, inclusive peixes. Apesar disso, esses habitats apresentam alta influência antropogênica, o que também pode afetar a estruturação funcional de comunidades aquáticas. Portanto, para avaliar a influência das atividades antropogênicas e da complexidade de habitat, proporcionada pelas macrófitas, sobre a diversidade funcional da ictiofauna, foram amostrados três braços do reservatório de Itaipu, em regiões de praias artificiais e em locais afastados destas áreas (não praia), considerando a presença e ausência de macrófitas submersas. Traços funcionais derivados de variáveis morfométricas foram usados para o cálculo dos índices de riqueza, equitabilidade e divergência funcional, que incorporaram a variação intraespecífica das assembleias amostradas. Em geral, não houveram diferenças nos índices de diversidade funcional em função da proximidade de praias artificiais. Em contraste, a complexidade de habitat influenciou a diversidade funcional da ictiofauna e as respostas dos índices dependeram da densidade de macrófitas. Enquanto a riqueza funcional aumentou em maiores complexidades, foi observado o inverso em relação a equitabilidade funcional. Por fim, a divergência funcional foi maior em regiões de margem, sem macrófitas submersas. Por meio dos padrões identificados, esse trabalho contribui com o conhecimento sobre a importância dos diferentes habitats para a diversificação funcional das espécies de peixes em regiões litorâneas nos braços de reservatórios, com estrutura decorrente de macrófitas submersas, servindo como base para implementação de estratégias de manejo e conservação nestes ambientes.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce, Assembléia de ; Ecologia de reservatórios ; Diversidade funcional ; Habitat ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::H::Habitat ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 86
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: In the study it was verified if the habitat complexity, assessed through macrophyte biomass, can mediate the interaction between fish and invertebrates, and help to explain the coexistence of congeneric species. Fish and invertebrates were sampled in ten macrophytes stand with different biomasses in upper Paraná River floodplain. The abundance and richness of invertebrates, the diet and the niche breadth of Moenkhausia bonita and Moenkhausia forestii were evaluated, as well as the overlap of the diet between the congeneric species. With the increase in macrophyte biomass, there was an increase in the abundance of invertebrates, however, the richness did not show a significant influence from the biomass. The diet of both species differed between macrophytes stands with different biomasses, the main difference being the decrease in invertebrate consumption, mainly aquatic, and the increase in consumption of plants. In addition, the consumption of the items proved to be dependent on their profitability and accessibility in the environment. The niche breadth of both species increased with the increase in macrophyte biomass, but there was no overlap of the niche between them. The results showed that although there was an increase in the invertebrate abundance, there was a decrease in the consumption of this resource, indicating that more complex stands can be more effective refuges for aquatic invertebrates. These results reveal the role of habitat complexity in mediating the interaction between fish and invertebrates, promoting coexistence between them, which helps to explain also the coexistence of ecologically similar fish species.
    Description: Neste estudo verificou-se se a complexidade do habitat, avaliada por meio da biomassa de macrófitas, pode mediar a interação entre peixes e invertebrados, e ajudar a explicar a coexistência de espécies congêneres. Peixes e invertebrados foram amostrados em dez bancos de macrófitas com diferentes biomassas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Foram avaliadas a abundância e a riqueza de invertebrados, a dieta e a amplitude do nicho de Moenkhausia bonita e de Moenkhausia forestii, assim como a sobreposição da dieta entre as espécies. Com o incremento da biomassa de macrófitas houve uma ampliação na abundância de invertebrados, porém a riqueza não mostrou uma relação significativa com a biomassa. A dieta de ambas as espécies diferiu entre os bancos, tendo um decréscimo no consumo de invertebrados, principalmente aquáticos, e incremento no consumo de vegetal com o aumento da biomassa. Ademais, o consumo dos itens mostrou-se dependente da rentabilidade e acessibilidade deles no ambiente. A amplitude do nicho de ambas as espécies aumentou conforme houve um incremento na biomassa de macrófitas, porém não houve sobreposição do nicho entre elas. Os resultados mostraram que embora tenha ocorrido aumento na abundância de invertebrados, houve um decréscimo no consumo deste recurso, indicando que bancos com maior complexidade podem ser refúgios mais efetivos para os invertebrados aquáticos. Estes resultados indicaram o papel da complexidade do habitat em mediar a interação entre peixes e invertebrados, promovendo a coexistência entre eles, assim como a coexistência das espécies de peixes ecologicamente similares.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecologia trófica ; Ecologia de rio ; Forrageamento ótimo, Teoria do ; Relação peixe-macrófita ; Habitat ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Prey ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Associations (ecological)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 87
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Habitat complexity is one of the main factors determining biological diversity and its assessment is a challenge that involves several variables. Submerged macrophytes are responsible for changes in habitat complexity and may enhance habitat conditions for different species. These plants usually colonize natural and artificial lentic environments, such as reservoirs, which have abiotic characteristics favorable to their establishment. The construction of the Itaipu Dam and the filling of the reservoir favored the establishment of macrophytes due to changes in flow dynamics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether habitat complexity, provided by macrophytes, is associated with changes in fish assemblage attributes (abundance, richness, and evenness) and composition. Linear regression models were applied to test the relationship between abundance, richness, and evenness with habitat complexity (expressed as macrophyte density - g/m²). In addition, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and Spearman correlations were used to assess changes in the composition of fish assemblages according to macrophytes density. The results indicate a direct relationship between habitat complexity and fish assemblage attributes as well as associations between macrophyte density and fish assemblage composition, improving the knowledge about species preference for different levels of complexity. Thus, it is important to consider the behavior of species known to cause economic and ecological issues for future management and conservation efforts.
    Description: A complexidade de habitat é um dos fatores determinantes para a manutenção da diversidade biológica e, avaliar sua influência, é um desafio que envolve muitas variáveis. As macrófitas submersas são responsáveis por alterar a complexidade dos habitats, podendo promover melhores condições de habitat para um maior número de espécies. Essas plantas geralmente colonizam ambientes lênticos naturais e, também, artificiais, como reservatórios, que possuem características abióticas favoráveis ao seu crescimento. A construção do reservatório de Itaipu favoreceu a proliferação de macrófitas devido às alterações na dinâmica da água. Avaliou-se a complexidade de habitat, proporcionada pelas macrófitas, está associada com mudanças nos atributos (abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade) e na composição da assembleia de peixes do reservatório de Itaipu. Foram utilizadas regressões lineares para verificar a relação entre a abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade com a complexidade de habitat (representada pela densidade de macrófitas - g/m²). Na sequência uma Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCoA) e correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliaras alterações na composição das assembleias de acordo com a densidade de macrófitas. Houve relação direta entre a complexidade de habitat e os atributos das assembleias. Também foi possível identificar relações entre a densidade de macrófitas com a composição das assembleias, contribuindo com conhecimento relacionado à preferência de espécies por ambientes com determinados níveis de complexidade. Dessa forma, é importante considerar o comportamento de algumas dessas espécies, conhecidas por causarem prejuízos econômicos e ecológicos aos locais, para as ações de manejo e conservação futuras.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Assembleia ; Interação peixe-planta ; Complexidade estrutural ; Reservatórios ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 39pp.
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  • 88
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: The objective was to redescribe Cambeva stawiarski, using internal morphological data, external morphology, morphometry and meristic data, through the revision of the type-material and material deposited in fish collections. In this process, we have also added comments on the possible Cambeva stawiarski type-locality and described a new species of Cambeva, endemic to the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil. Cambeva stawiarski and the new species are diagnosed by the number of procurrent caudal-fin rays dorsally and ventrally; number of vertebrae; number of pectoral-fin rays; number of branchiostegal rays; small notch on the distal margin of the caudal-fin; head length; caudal peduncle depth; and the colouration pattern of the body. In addition, the species are compared with other possibly related species and the synapomorphic characters of these groups of species are discussed. With confirmation of the endemism of Cambeva stawiaski and the description of a new species of Cambeva for the Rio Iguaçu basin, we confirm important biogeographic patterns on the endemism of this hydrographic basin and in the use of osteological data in the description of Cambeva species
    Description: O objetivo foi redescrever Cambeva stawiarski, com base em dados morfológicos internos, morfologia externa, morfometria e dados merísticos, por meio da revisão do material tipo e de material depositado em coleções ictiológicas. Neste processo, fora acrescentado comentários sobre a possível localidade-tipo de Cambeva stawiarski e descreveu-se uma nova espécie de Cambeva, endêmica da bacia do rio Iguaçu, Brasil. Cambeva stawiarski e a nova espécie são diagnosticadas pela combinação de caracteres como número de raios procurrentes caudais dorsais e ventrais; número de vértebras; número de raios na nadadeira peitoral; número de raios branquiostegais; nadadeira caudal com pequeno entalhe na margem distal; comprimento da cabeça; altura do pedúnculo caudal; e padrão de colorido do corpo. As espécies também são comparadas com outras espécies possivelmente relacionadas e os caracteres sinapomórficos desses grupos de espécies são discutidos. Com a confirmação do endemismo de Cambeva stawiarski e a descrição de uma nova espécie de Cambeva para a bacia do rio Iguaçu, confirmamos importantes padrões biogeográficos sobre o endemismo da bacia hidrográfica e sobre a utilização de dados osteológicos na descrição de espécies de Cambeva.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro, 1968) (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) “candiru” ; Taxonomia ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Morphology (animal)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 59pp.
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  • 89
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Knowledge of the controlling mechanisms of the invasion process is a current challenge in ecology. This knowledge becomes extremely important since the introduction of alien species has become widespread and has important implications for the wildlife conservation. Currently, studies have shown that alien species can cause several environmental impacts, such as biotic homogenization and destabilization of the native community, being considered one of the main threats to biodiversity and loss of ecosystem services. To investigate the process of fish invasion in reservoirs in the neotropical region, 29 reservoirs that have different environmental and biological invasion scenarios were used. In the first approach, we evaluated the importance of three hypotheses’ concept clusters of biological invasions in the studied reservoirs. Among all the hypotheses tested for biological invasion, the results corroborated the increased resource availability and biotic acceptance hypothesis. In the second approach, we assess whether the functional indices that represent niche overlap/complementarity between native species are predictors of the dominance of alien species in the environment. The results indicate that the dominance of alien species is greater when the uniformity of available resources is greater and the probability of competition between native species is less. It was also possible to observe that the smaller the niche complementarity of the more abundant native species, the lower the dominance of alien species. The results generated by the two approaches provide important information about the mechanisms that lead to the increase of alien species in the studied reservoirs. This information is extremely important for programs for the management of invasive species.
    Description: O conhecimento dos mecanismos controladores do processo de invasao e um desafio atual na ecologia. Esse conhecimento torna-se de extrema importancia, uma vez que a introducao de especies exoticas tem se tornado muito difundida em todo o mundo e possui importantes implicacoes para a conservacao da vida selvagem. Atualmente, estudos tem mostrado que especies exoticas podem causar diversos impactos ambientais como homogeneizacao biotica e desestabilizacao da comunidade nativa, sendo considerada uma das principais ameacas a biodiversidade e perda de servicos ecossistemicos. A fim de investigar o processo de invasao de peixes em reservatorios da regiao neotropical, foram avaliados 29 reservatorios que possuem diferentes cenarios ambientais e de invasao biologica. Na primeira abordagem, avaliou-se a importancia de tres agrupamentos conceituais de hipoteses de invasao biologica nos reservatórios estudados. Dentre as hipoteses testadas para invasao biologica, os resultados corroboraram a de aumento da disponibilidade de recurso e aceitacao biotica. Na segunda abordagem, avaliou-se os indices funcionais que representam sobreposicao/complementaridade de nicho entre as espécies nativas sao preditores da dominancia de especies exoticas no ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a dominancia de especies exoticas e maior quando a uniformidade dos recursos disponiveis e maior e a probabilidade de competicao entre as especies nativas e menor. Tambem foi possível observar que quanto menor a complementaridade de nicho das especies nativas mais abundantes, menor e a dominancia das especies exoticas. Os resultados gerados pelas duas abordagens fornecem importantes informacoes sobre os mecanismos que levam ao aumento de espécies exoticas nos reservatorios estudados. Essas informacoes sao de extrema importância para programas de gestão de especies invasoras.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Espécies não nativas ; Invasões biológicas ; Diversidade funcional ; Impactos ambientais ; Reservatórios neotropicais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::S::Species ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotic environment ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 100pp.
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  • 90
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Partitioning patterns of dissimilarity (beta diversity) into contributions of single sites or individual species is a modern approach to understanding what the main factors affect and cause variation in biodiversity. In this context, estimating the contributions of single sites to overall beta diversity (LCBD) or into contributions of individual species to overall beta diversity (SCBD) has proven to be a good approach to improve the knowledge of drivers of beta diversity. We explored the contributions of each site and species to the overall algae and cyanobacteria beta diversity of 77 natural freshwater micro-ecosystems (i.e., tank bromeliads) of a neotropical ecosystem. We found that LCBD was negatively affected by Shannon's diversity, turbidity, and luminosity (% canopy cover). Cyanobacteria and green algae were the groups that most contributed SCBD values. The negative relationship between LCBD and the Shannon index indicates that micro-ecosystems with less diversity reflect unique characteristics, and LCBD values can easily predict these environments. LCBD values can indicate these environments as priorities for management and conservation.
    Description: Particionar padrões de dissimilaridade (diversidade beta) em contribuições dos locais ou de espécies é uma abordagem moderna para compreender quais os principais fatores afetam e provocam variação na biodiversidade. Neste contexto, estimar a contribuição local para o pool regional de espécies (LCBD) e a contribuição de cada espécies para a diversidade beta (SCBD) tem se mostrado uma eficiente abordagem para inferir sobre mecanismos condutores da diversidade beta. Nesse estudo foram exploradas as contribuições de cada local e espécies para a diversidade beta total de algas e cianobactérias de 77 microecossistemas naturais de água doce (i.e., bromélias-tanque) de um ecossistema neotropical. A LCBD foi afetada negativamente pela diversidade de Shannon, turbidez e luminosidade (% cobertura de dossel) A relação negativa do LCBD com o índice de Shannon indica que locais menos diversos podem refletir em ambientes com características específicas. Cianobactérias e fitoflagelados apresentaram maior contribuição para os valores de SCBD. A compreensão da influência do LCBD e SCBD na distribuição dos padrões da diversidade beta podem facilmente prever esses ambientes com características singulares, fazendo dos mesmos prioritários para práticas de manejo e conservação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Determinantes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 50pp.
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  • 91
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Given the great diversity of Neotropical fish species, as well as the importance of such organisms as a link within aquatic food chains, it is essential to assess different processes that drive the spatial organization of their communities. It is known that the structure of fish assemblages varies markedly in relation to space, depending on abiotic factors, biotic interactions, and dispersion processes. However, these determining factors in the structuring of fish communities vary indiscriminately in dammed aquatic bodies. The course of large rivers has been altered due to the construction of reservoirs and the number of projects under construction or inventoried has been increasing significantly in recent decades. Therefore, evaluating how the spatial organization of fish assemblages occurs in environments (i.e., dammed), as well as unraveling the predictors associated with this organization is of extremely important for conservation purposes and the implementation of management measures. To investigate such aspects in dammed environments, in the first study three cascades of reservoirs belonging to different hydrographic basins were studied, in which the effects of these reservoirs arranged in series on the patterns of diversity, distribution and richness of the assemblages were evaluated. In the second study, 29 reservoirs located in the state of Parana were evaluated in order to identify relationships between the organization of fish trophic guilds and environmental, spatial and morphological predictors. The results found suggest that, in most of the studied environments, the environmental changes caused by the construction of dams, as well as their morphological characteristics and modes of operation have negative effects on the diversity, distribution and abundance of fish species and exert an influence on the different fish trophic guilds.
    Description: Dada a grande diversidade de espécies de peixes contidas na região Neotropical, bem como a importância desses organismos como elo nas cadeias tróficas aquáticas, se faz necessário conhecer os distintos processos que governam a organização espacial de suas comunidades. Sabe-se que a estrutura das assembleias de peixes varia acentuadamente em relação ao espaço a depender de fatores abióticos, interações bióticas e processos de dispersão. Entretanto, esses fatores determinantes na estruturação das comunidades de peixes variam indiscriminadamente em corpos aquáticos barrados. O curso de grandes rios tem sido alterado devido a construção de reservatórios e o numero de empreendimentos em construção ou inventariados vem aumentando significativamente nas ultimas décadas. Portanto, avaliar como ocorre a organização espacial das assembleias de peixes nesses ambientes (i.e., barrados), bem como desvendar os preditores associados a essa organização e de extrema importância para fins conservacionistas e implementações de medidas de manejo. Para investigar tais aspectos, na primeira abordagem foram estudadas três cascatas de reservatórios pertencentes a diferentes bacias hidrográficas, para avaliar os efeitos da disposição em serie dos reservatórios nos padrões de diversidade, distribuição e riqueza das assembleias de peixes. Na segunda abordagem, foram avaliados 29 reservatórios situados no estado do Paraná com o objetivo de identificar relações entre a organização das guildas tróficas de peixes com preditores ambientais, espaciais e morfológicos. Os resultados encontrados pelas duas abordagens sugerem que, na maioria dos reservatórios estudados, as alterações ambientais provocadas devido a construção de barragens, bem como suas características morfológicas e modos de operação tem efeitos negativos sobre a diversidade, distribuição e abundancia das espécies de peixes e exercem influencia sobre as diferentes guildas tróficas de peixes.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Assembleia ; Guildas tróficas ; Cascata de reservatórios ; Padrões de distribuição ; Cascata de reservatórios Neotropicais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::F::Food chains ; ASFA_2015::D::Distribution ; ASFA_2015::S::Spatial distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 153pp.
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  • 92
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Biological invasion processes are complex phenomena and comprise one of the greatest challenges for the conservation of biodiversity in continental aquatic environments. The pressure of propagules, i.e., the number of non-native individuals released and the number of release events, is among the different mechanisms involved in these decisive processes for the successful establishment of non-native species. In this scenario, aquaculture is an important source of propagules of species with high invasive potential, such as Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as accidental escapes and intentional releases from production ponds are recurrent. Nine small streams, tributaries of the Piquiri River (Paraná, Brazil), were sampled to evaluate the effect of aquaculture on fish assemblages in neotropical streams. The watersheds of these streams differ in percentage of aquaculture occupation, and this difference was used as a proxy for propagule pressure of O. niloticus in natural environments. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the effects of different intensities of aquaculture production of tilapia on the richness patterns, composition and structure of the ichthyofauna, testing the hypothesis that the increase in propagule pressure of this species alters the patterns of occurrence and abundance of assemblages, as well as discuss the effects of this species on the functional structure of ichthyofauna, observing the effect of aquaculture occupation on responses of functional diversity indexes and on dissimilarity patterns among the different streams. The results indicated that streams with no aquaculture occupation and with no presence of O. Niloticus had more similar compositions and differed in patterns of occurrence and distribution of ichthyofauna from streams under aquaculture activity. In addition, the presence of tilapia altered the functional diversity indexes in the streams, as the species presented more extreme traits that allow it to increase the functional space of receptor environments and promote greater niche differentiation. The results reinforce the potential of aquaculture as an important source of propagules of non-native species for natural environments and raise attention to the structuring power of tilapia on the taxonomic and functional composition of native ichthyofauna.
    Description: Os processos de invasão biológica são fenômenos complexos e compreendem um dos maiores desafios para a conservação da biodiversidade em ambientes aquáticoscontinentais. Dentre os diferentes mecanismos envolvidos nesses processos, a pressão de propágulos, isto é, o número de indivíduos não nativos liberados e o número de eventos de liberação são determinantes no sucesso de estabelecimento de espécies não nativas. Neste cenário, a aquicultura se insere como uma importante fonte de propágulos de espécies com alto potencial invasor, a exemplo da Tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, uma vez que os escapes acidentais e as solturas intencionais dos tanques de produção são recorrentes. A fim de avaliar a influênciada aquiculturasobre as assembleias de peixes em riachos Neotropicais, nove riachos de pequena ordem,afluentes do rio Piquiriforam amostrados. Estes riachosdiferem quanto a porcentagem de ocupação aquícola emsuas microbacias, sendo essa diferença utilizada como um proxyda pressão de propágulos de O. niloticuspara ambientes naturais. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivosavaliar os efeitos de diferentes intensidades deprodução aquícolada tilápiasobre os padrões de riqueza,composição eestrutura da ictiofauna, testando-se a hipótese de que o aumento da pressão de propágulos dessa espécie alteraos padrões deocorrência e deabundância das assembleias, bem comodiscutir os efeitosdessa mesma espécie sobre a estrutura funcional da ictiofauna, observando-se a influência da ocupação aquícola nas respostas dos índices de diversidade funcional e nos padrões de dissimilaridade entre os diferentes riachos. Os resultados indicaramqueriachos sem ocupação aquícola e sem a presença deO. niloticusforammais similares em suas composiçõese diferiramnospadrões de ocorrência e distribuição da ictiofauna dos riachos com atividade aquícola. Observou-se também a presença da espécie alterou os índices de diversidade funcional entre os riachos, por apresentar traços mais extremos que lhe permitem aumentar o espaço funcional dos ambientes receptores e promover maior diferenciação de nicho. Os resultados reforçam o potencial da aquicultura como uma fonte importante de propágulos de espécies não nativas para ambientes naturais e atentam para o poder estruturador da tilápia sobre a composição taxonômica e funcional da ictiofauna nativa.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de riachos, Assembleia de ; Peixes de água doce ; Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Bioinvasões ; Invasões biológicas ; Potencial invasor ; Composição taxonômica e funcional ; Ecologia ; Impactos ; Produção aquícola ; Pressão de Propágulos ; Piscicultura ; Tanques escavados ; Escapes e solturas ; Ocupação aquícola ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquaculture ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish ponds ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::R::Release mechanisms ; ASFA_2015::P::Pisciculture ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 79pp.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Rapid and profound climatic and environmental changes have been predicted for the Antarctic Peninsula with so far unknown impact on the biogeochemistry of the continental shelves. In this study, we investigate benthic carbon sedimentation, remineralization and iron cycling using sediment cores retrieved on a 400 mile transect with contrasting sea ice conditions along the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula. Sediments at comparable water depths of 330-450 m showed sedimentation and remineralization rates of organic carbon, ranging from 2.5-13 and 1.8-7.2 mmol C m-2 d-1, respectively. Both rates were positively correlated with the occurrence of marginal sea ice conditions (5-35% ice cover) along the transect, suggesting a favorable influence of the corresponding light regime and water column stratification on algae growth and sedimentation rates. From south to north, the burial efficiency of organic carbon decreased from 58% to 27%, while bottom water temperatures increased from -1.9 to -0.1 °C. Net iron reduction rates, as estimated from pore-water profiles of dissolved iron, were significantly correlated with carbon degradation rates and contributed 0.7-1.2% to the total organic carbon remineralization. Tightly coupled phosphate-iron recycling was indicated by significant covariation of dissolved iron and phosphate concentrations, which almost consistently exhibited P/Fe flux ratios of 0.26. Iron efflux into bottom waters of 0.6-4.5 µmol Fe m-2 d-1 was estimated from an empirical model. Despite the deep shelf waters, a clear bentho-pelagic coupling is indicated, shaped by the extent and duration of marginal sea ice conditions during summer, and likely to be affected by future climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: A variety of tectonic processes spread along the circum-Mediterranean orogenic belts driven by the convergence of major plates, episodes of slab retreat and lateral and vertical mantle flows. Here, we provide an updated view of crustal stress and strain-rate fields for the Albanides belt in the eastern Adria-Eurasia convergence boundary. We framed a new geodetic-based source model for the 2019 Mw6.4 Durrёs earthquake in light of the regional deformation, propending for a transpressional west-dipping seismogenic fault. Our results highlight a fault-scale complexity which mirrors the long-time scale deformation of the Albanides plate boundary, where the rotation induced by the fast Hellenic rollback is accommodated also by transpression on inherited structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 244–252
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: Pyroclastic currents are described as gravity currents, and the classic conceptual model gives a first-order importance to the density of such currents. This directs quantitative models to assume specific flow structures (shallow water or equilib rium turbulent boundary layer), which may apply to restricted volcanic areas inde pendently of source dynamics or may correspond to source dynamics separate from topographic interaction. The recent introduction of two end-members of pyroclastic currents, inertial and forced, is further developed here, leading to a global conceptual model in which source dynamics and topographic interaction are both taken into account. The concept of energy facies is defined here as the ensemble of the first order indicators of pyroclastic currents (topological aspect ratio, competence ratio and emplacement temperature) that are proxies of the energy of such currents. Nine energy facies are introduced with general applicability and with the goal to globally characterize pyroclastic currents from vent to deposit.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Energy facies ; pyroclastic currents
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 96
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-12
    Description: Our knowledge on temporal and fine- and broad-scale patterns of biodiversity, as a basis for biogeographical models and conservation planning, have been few explored to two fundamental components of beta diversity: replacement and richness difference. Whether variability in these components of beta diversity is congruent in space and time for disparate biological groups, which show wide variation in functional traits (e.g., dispersal mode), is, hitherto, unknown. Moreover, one of the main standing paradigms is to understand whether the empirical biogeographic patterns of macro-organisms also apply to micro-organisms. This thesis consists of three papers. The first one aimed to determine whether the cross-taxon congruence of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and its components varies across space, and time. Our results showed how detailed hierarchical analyses can reveal hidden patterns of cross-taxon congruence. We partly supported the hypothesis that the strength of cross-taxon congruence generally decreases with the increase of functional distances between pairs of biological groups. In the second paper, we contrasted longitudinal patterns in the total beta diversity and its components in the last non-dammed stretch of the Paraná River for actively (fish) and passively (phytoplankton) dispersing biological groups. The results ratify that biodiversity patterns exhibited by single biological groups do not necessarily match those of other groups that show wide variation in biological features. Our findings have improved understanding of tributary-induced heterogeneity and highlight the importance of dam-free stretches of rivers for preserving its integrity. In the third paper, we used morphological data from live organisms and molecular data to verify which approach better explain the role of environmental and spatial predictors on the ciliates structuration, as well as clarify their biogeography. We found that environmental filters had a greater influence on the morphological than on the molecular site-by-site dissimilarities. Meanwhile, biogeographic factors and the distance among sites limit the distribution of molecular-based composition, resulting in significantly different species compositions in each of the floodplain-associated lakes analyzed. In summary, the findings of this thesis suggest that conservation biology and environmental assessment need to monitor different biological groups, as well as take into account for the choice of taxonomic resolution, as each group and approach provides unique insights.
    Description: O conhecimento sobre padrões temporais e espaciais locais e regionais da biodiversidade, como base para modelos biogeográficos e planejamento de conservação, foi pouco explorado para dois componentes fundamentais da diversidade beta: substituição e diferença de riqueza. Avaliar até que ponto a variabilidade nesses componentes da diversidade beta é congruente no espaço e no tempo para grupos biológicos distintos, que possuem ampla variação em suas características funcionais (por exemplo, modo de dispersão) é, até agora, desconhecido. Ademais, um dos principais paradigmas da ecologia é entender se os padrões biogeográficos empíricos dos macrorganismos também se aplicam aos microrganismos. Assim, esta tese é composta por três segmentos. O primeiro teve como objetivo determinar se a congruência entre táxons da diversidade beta taxonômica e funcional e seus componentes variam ao longo do espaço e do tempo. Os resultados mostraram como análises hierárquicas detalhadas podem revelar padrões ocultos de congruência entre táxons. Foi apoiada parcialmente a hipótese de que a força da congruência entre táxons geralmente diminui com o aumento das distâncias funcionais entre pares de grupos biológicos. No segundo segmento, foram contrastados padrões longitudinais na diversidade beta total e seus componentes no último trecho não represado do rio Paraná para grupos biológicos de dispersão ativa (peixe) e passiva (fitoplâncton). Os resultados ratificam que os padrões de biodiversidade exibidos por grupos biológicos únicos não coincidem necessariamente com os de outros grupos que mostram grande variação nas características biológicas. Estas descobertas melhoram a compreensão da heterogeneidade induzida por tributários e destacam a importância dos trechos de rios livre de barramentos para preservar sua integridade. No terceiro segmento, foram utilizados dados morfológicos de organismos vivos e dados moleculares para verificar qual abordagem explica melhor o papel dos preditores ambientais e espaciais na estruturação de protistas ciliados, bem como tentar esclarecer sua biogeografia. Foi demonstrado que os filtros ambientais tiveram uma maior influência na dissimilaridade par a par baseada em dados morfológicos do que nas baseadas em dados moleculares. Entretanto, fatores biogeográficos, impostos pela distância entre os locais, limitam a distribuição da composição baseada em dados moleculares, resultando em composições de espécies significativamente distintas em cada um dos lagos associados às planícies de inundação analisadas. Em resumo, os resultados desta tese demonstram que a biologia da conservação e a avaliação ambiental precisam monitorar diferentes grupos biológicos, bem como levar em consideração a escolha da resolução taxonômica, pois cada grupo e abordagem fornecem insights exclusivos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Ecologia de água doce ; Biodiversidade ; Dispersão ; Biologia da conservação ; Padrões biogeográficos ; Sistema rio-planície de inundação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::D::Dispersion ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::R::Rivers ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 159pp.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-09-15
    Description: Phytoplankton stand at the base of the marine food-web, and play a major role in global carbon cycling. Rising CO2 levels and temperatures are expected to enhance growth and alter carbon:nutrient stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton, with possible consequences for the functioning of marine food-webs and the oceanic carbon pump. To date, however, the consistency of phytoplankton stoichiometric responses remains unclear. We therefore performed a meta-analysis on data from experimental studies on stoichiometric responses of marine phytoplankton to elevated pCO2 and 3–5° warming under nutrient replete and limited conditions. Our results demonstrate that elevated pCO2 increased overall phytoplankton C:N (by 4%) and C:P (by 9%) molar ratios under nutrient replete conditions, as well as phytoplankton growth rates (by 6%). Nutrient limitation amplified the CO2 effect on C:N and C:P ratios, with increases to 27% and 17%, respectively. In contrast to elevated pCO2, warming did not consistently alter phytoplankton elemental composition. This could be attributed to species- and study-specific increases and decreases in stoichiometry in response to warming. While our observed moderate CO2-driven changes in stoichiometry are not likely to drive marked changes in food web functioning, they are in the same order of magnitude as current and projected estimations of oceanic carbon export. Therefore, our results may indicate a stoichiometric compensation mechanism for reduced oceanic carbon export due to declining primary production in the near future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Thomas, M., Jensen, F. H., Averly, B., Demartsev, V., Manser, M. B., Sainburg, T., Roch, M. A., & Strandburg-Peshkin, A. A practical guide for generating unsupervised, spectrogram-based latent space representations of animal vocalizations. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 91(8), (2022): 1567– 1581, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13754.
    Description: 1. Background: The manual detection, analysis and classification of animal vocalizations in acoustic recordings is laborious and requires expert knowledge. Hence, there is a need for objective, generalizable methods that detect underlying patterns in these data, categorize sounds into distinct groups and quantify similarities between them. Among all computational methods that have been proposed to accomplish this, neighbourhood-based dimensionality reduction of spectrograms to produce a latent space representation of calls stands out for its conceptual simplicity and effectiveness. 2. Goal of the study/what was done: Using a dataset of manually annotated meerkat Suricata suricatta vocalizations, we demonstrate how this method can be used to obtain meaningful latent space representations that reflect the established taxonomy of call types. We analyse strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach, give recommendations for its usage and show application examples, such as the classification of ambiguous calls and the detection of mislabelled calls. 3. What this means: All analyses are accompanied by example code to help researchers realize the potential of this method for the study of animal vocalizations.
    Description: This work was supported by HFSP Research Grant RGP0051/2019 to ASP, MBM and MAR, and funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy (EXC-2117-422037984). ASP received additional funding from the Gips-Schüle Stiftung, the Zukunftskolleg at the University of Konstanz and the Max-Planck-Institute of Animal Behaviour. VD was funded by the Minerva Stiftung and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
    Keywords: animal sounds ; animal vocalizations ; bioacoustics ; call classification ; dimensionality reduction ; spectrogram ; UMAP ; unsupervised learning
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 99
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-18
    Description: Ecosystems respond to the direct, indirect and synergistic effects of global changes caused by human activity. The understanding of the impacts of these changes and especially of the interaction between the impacts is still limited, especially for aquatic environments, because the interaction between them is rarely considered in environmental studies and assessments. We conducted a systematic literature review on the combination of the factors (i) increase of CO2, (ii) eutrophication and (iii) non-native species to verify how these factors have been considered in the context of climate change in freshwater ecosystems studies. Through the Web of Science database, we searched for articles published in English, up to 2020. Following the PRISMA protocol, 62 articles were analyzed. Only 8% of them addressed the combination of the three factors, among them, eutrophication was the most evaluated global change. Still, the studies do not seem to be looking for answers in a broad way and covering several ecological aspects, since they are concentrated in specific regions such as the Netherlands and United States (44%). Studies most focus on one type of environment, the lentic; use organisms from the base of the food-web; apply the experimental approach; evaluate one organizational level (community) and one response variable (biomass). We identified that the effect of the combination of factors is rarely classified with the terms synergistic and antagonist, even when the authors find these patterns. Our main findings reveal that little attention has been given to the combination of factors in freshwater ecosystems. We also find that when interactions are considered, non-native species tend to be favored and algal blooms intensified (74%). Considering that one of the major challenges is to understand how the interaction between global change factors will affect ecosystems, the combinations of factors still need to be prioritized in studies of aquatic ecosystems.
    Description: Os ecossistemas respondem aos efeitos diretos, indiretos e sinérgicos das mudanças globais causadas pela atividade humana. A compreensão sobre os impactos dessas mudanças e principalmente da interação entres os impactos ainda é limitada, especialmente para os ambientes aquáticos, pois raramente a interação entre eles é considerada nos estudos e avaliações ambientais. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura para verificar como a combinação dos fatores: (i) aumento da concentração de CO2, (ii) eutrofização, e (iii) espécies não nativas, está sendo abordada no contexto de mudanças globais em ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Por meio da plataforma Web of Science, procurou-se por artigos publicados em inglês, até 2020. Seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, 62 artigos foram analisados. Apenas 8% dos estudos abordaram a combinação dos três fatores, dentre eles, a eutrofização foi o fator de mudança global mais avaliado. Ainda, os estudos não parecem estar buscando respostas de forma ampla e abrangendo diversos aspectos ecológicos, visto que, se concentram em regiões específicas, na Holanda e nos Estados Unidos (44%), focam em ambientes lênticos; utilizam majoritariamente organismos da base da cadeia trófica; são em sua maioria experimentais; e avaliam um nível organizacional (comunidade) e uma variável resposta (biomassa). Raramente o efeito da combinação dos fatores é classificado com os termos sinérgico e antagônico, mesmo quando os autores encontram esses padrões. Como resultados principais evidenciou-se que pouca atenção tem sido dada à combinação dos fatores nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Os estudos analisados mostraram que quando consideradas as interações, espécies não nativas tendem a ser favorecidas e florações algais intensificadas (74%). Considerando que um dos maiores desafios atuais é compreender como a interação entre fatores de mudanças globais afetará os ecossistemas, a combinação de fatores ainda precisa ser priorizada nos estudos dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecossistemas de água doce ; Ambientes aquáticos continentais ; Mudanças globais ; Múltiplos fatores ; Efeitos da ação do homem ; Impactos ambientais sinérgicos ; Revisão de literatura ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-04
    Description: Species are exposed to natural climate change throughout their evolutionary history. However, anomalous global warming and resulting variations in rainfall patterns affect survival, alter the distribution of organisms and the network of species interactions. The aim of this thesis was to find larger-scale (basin and biome level) patterns for the possible effects of climate change on the distribution of South American freshwater ostracods through ensemble analysis of several species-distribution modelling algorithms. Here, climate change was based on two assumptions of increasing carbon emissions, the moderate-optimistic (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) scenarios of four climate models (AOGCMs), from 2050 and 2080. In the first approach, projections of changes in ostracod species richness and composition were presented, and conservation status of 61 species from 13 river basins in the Southern Cone. In the second approach, the geographical pattern of a symbiotic interspecific interaction of commensalism type was evaluated through the climatic suitability of Elpidium (Ostracoda) and tank bromeliads of the Atlantic Forest, and the availability of habitat for Elpidium (presence of tank bromeliads) in the future. For both approaches, climate change directly influenced the decrease in future distribution areas of ostracods. The results of the first approach showed a decrease in ostracod richness in the Southern Cone basins of South America, and different species compositions in 2050 and 2080, in both the moderate-optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. The decrease in the ranges of ostracods will change the conservation status of several species to “potentially threatened”. Elpidium ranges will be more limited in the future, and there will be less habitat availability, i.e. fewer tank bromeliad species for interaction. In general, precipitation and temperature regimes are synchronized with phenological life-history events of the species, which determine the direction of dispersal to the environmental set of optimal survival conditions in the future. Our results contribute to the inclusion of ostracods (and other invertebrates) in conservation plans for their habitats on larger geographical scales.
    Description: Espécies estão expostas às mudanças climáticas naturais ao longo de sua história evolutiva, entretanto o aquecimento global anômalo e as variações resultantes nos padrões pluviométricos afetam a sobrevivência, alteram a distribuição dos organismos e a rede de interações das espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi encontrar padrões em maior escala (nível de bacia e bioma) dos possíveis efeitos da mudança climática sobre a distribuição de ostrácodes de água doce da América do Sul, através de análise conjunta de diversos algoritmos de modelagem de distribuição de espécies. A mudança climática foi baseada em duas hipóteses de aumento das emissões de carbono, os cenários moderado-otimista (RCP 4.5) e pessimista (RCP 8.5) de quatro modelos climáticos (AOGCMs) de 2050 e 2080. Na primeira abordagem foram apresentadas projeções de mudanças na riqueza e composição de espécies de ostrácodes e status de conservação de 61 espécies de treze bacias hidrográficas no Cone Sul. Na segunda abordagem foi avaliado o padrão geográfico de uma interação interespecífica simbiótica do tipo comensalismo através da adequabilidade climática de Elpidium (Ostracoda) e bromélias tanque da Mata Atlântica, além da disponibilidade de habitat para o Elpidium (presença de bromélias tanque) no futuro. Para ambas as abordagens, a mudança climática influenciou diretamente a diminuição das áreas de distribuição dos ostrácodes no futuro. Os resultados da primeira abordagem mostraram uma diminuição da riqueza de ostrácodes nas bacias do Cone Sul da América do Sul, e diferentes composições de espécies em 2050 e 2080, em ambos os cenários moderado-otimista e pessimista. A diminuição nas áreas de distribuição de ostrácodes alterará o status de conservação de diversas espécies para potencialmente ameaçadas. As áreas de ocorrência de Elpidium serão mais limitadas em tempos futuros e haverá menor disponibilidade de habitat, ou seja, menos espécies de bromélias tanque para interação. Em geral, os regimes de precipitação e temperatura são sincronizados com eventos fenológicos de história de vida das espécies, os quais determinam a direção da dispersão para o conjunto ambiental das condições ideais de sobrevivência no futuro. Os resultados contribuem como subsídio para incluir ostrácodes (e outros invertebrados) em planos de conservação de seus habitats em escalas geográficas mais amplas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Ostracoda (Crustacea) ; Microcrustáceos de água doce ; Invertebrados aquáticos ; Macroecologia ; Mudanças climáticas ; Bacias hidrográficas ; Mudanças climáticas globais ; Nicho ecológico ; Variação temporal ; Aquecimento global ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::G::Global warming ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 124pp.
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