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  • Other Sources  (154)
  • Springer  (130)
  • Frontiers
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
  • 2020-2023  (23)
  • 1985-1989  (131)
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  • 1
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    Gas Hydrate Accumulations in the Black Sea (2022)
    Springer
    In:  In: World Atlas of Submarine Gas Hydrates in Continental Margins. , ed. by Mienert, J., Berndt, C. 〈https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0180〉, Tréhu, A. M., Camerlenghi, A. and Liu, C. S. Springer, Cham, pp. 451-461.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-06
    Description: The Black Sea has undergone several limnic and marine stages due to fluctuations in the global sea level. The exchange of saline water from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait was interrupted when the sea level dropped below the Bosporus sill. This induced limnic conditions, while marine conditions were established after the reconnection to saline Mediterranean seawater. Extended river fan systems developed during sea level low-stands, providing large amounts of organic material being buried by rapid sedimentation on the slopes of the Black Sea margins. The biogenic degradation of this material produces most of the methane gas expelled into the anoxic water column today. This largely happens by ubiquitous cold vents at ~700 m water depth (i.e. at the stability boundary of methane hydrates) and by mud volcanoes in ~2000 m water depth. A significant amount of gas is expected to accumulate in the sediment within the methane hydrate stability zone. However, bottom-simulating reflectors, the seismic indicator for gas hydrates, are not found everywhere along the margin. Recent analyses of the Danube and Dniepr fans have revealed a discontinuous gas hydrate formation in an area with no active seeps, while areas of active seepage located in the vicinity of BSR reflections held no gas hydrates. In addition, the ongoing diffusion of salt into the uppermost Black Sea sediment pore space since the last glacial maximum further reduces the volume of the gas hydrate stability zone. Estimates of the total amount of gas stored in gas hydrates therefore require a detailed structural analysis prior to regional- or basin-scale modelling attempts.
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  • 2
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    Electromagnetic Applications in Methane Hydrate Reservoirs (2022)
    Springer
    In:  In: World Atlas of Submarine Gas Hydrates in Continental Margins. , ed. by Mienert, J., Berndt, C. 〈https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0180〉, Tréhu, A. M., Camerlenghi, A. and Liu, C. S. Springer, Cham, pp. 73-85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-20
    Description: Marine electromagnetic methods provide useful and independent measures for the identification and quantification of submarine gas hydrates. The resistivity of seafloor sediments, drawn from area-wide electromagnetic data, mainly depends on the sediment porosity and the nature of the pore fluid. Gas hydrates and free gas are both electrically resistive. The replacement of saline water, thus conductive pore water with resistive gas hydrate or free gas, increases the sediment resistivity and can be used to provide accurate saturation estimates if the background lithology is known. While seismic methods are predominantly used to study the distribution of submarine gas hydrates, a growing number of global field studies have demonstrated that the joint interpretation of marine seismic and electromagnetic methods improves the evaluation of submarine gas hydrate targets. This article discusses the relationship between resistivity and free gas/gas hydrate saturation levels, how the resistivity of the sediment may be measured and summarizes the status and results of current and past field studies.
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  • 3
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    Dynamics of Transport, Accumulation, and Export of Plastics at Oceanic Fronts (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-29
    Description: Every year, vast quantities of plastic debris arrive at the ocean surface. Nevertheless, our understanding of plastic movements is largely incomplete and many of the processes involved with the horizontal and vertical displacement of plastics in the ocean are still basically unknown. In this chapter we review the dynamics associated with the transport of plastics and other pollutants at oceanic fronts. Fronts had been historically defined as simple barriers to exchange, but here we show that the role of these structures in influencing the transport of plastics is more complex. The tools used to investigate the occurrence of frontal structures at various spatial scales are reviewed in detail, with a particular focus on their potential applications to the study of plastic pollution. Three selected case studies are presented to better describe the role of fronts in favoring or preventing plastic exchanges: the large-scale Antarctic Circumpolar Current, a Mediterranean mesoscale front, and the submesoscale fronts in the Gulf of Mexico. Lastly, some aspects related to the vertical subduction of plastic particles at oceanic fronts are discussed as one of the most promising frontiers for future research. The accumulation of floating debris at the sea surface is mainly affected by the horizontal components of frontal dynamics. At the same time, vertical components can be relevant for the export of neutrally buoyant particles from the surface into the deep sea. Based on these evidences, we propose that submesoscale processes can provide a fast and efficient route of plastic transport within the mixed layer, while mesoscale instabilities and associated vertical velocities might be the dominant mechanism to penetrate the deeper ocean on slower but broader scales. We conclude that given the ubiquitous presence of fronts in the world’s ocean, their contribution to the global plastic cycle is probably not negligible and the role of these processes in vertically displacing neutrally buoyant microplastics should be investigated in more detail.
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  • 4
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    Occurrence and Distribution of Bottom Simulating Reflections in the Barents Sea (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: The Barents Sea, located close to the Arctic Ocean, is a petroleum province featuring an extensive occurrence of gas hydrates and shallow gas in compacted sediments. Glacial erosion and uplift have contributed to the migration of gas originating from deeper rocks to the shallow sediments of this region, resulting in hydrates with higher-order hydrocarbons in addition to methane. This article documents reported gas hydrate indications and major controls on hydrate stability in the Barents Sea.
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  • 5
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    Robust Human-Identifiable Markers for Absolute Relocalization of Underwater Robots in Marine Data Science Applications (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Since global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for determining the absolute geolocation do not reach into the ocean, underwater robots typically obtain a GNSS position at the water surface and then use a combination of different sensors for estimating their pose while diving, including inertial navigation, acoustic doppler velocity logs, ultra short baseline localization systems and pressure sensors. When re-navigating to the same seafloor location after several days, months or years, e.g. for coastal monitoring, the absolute uncertainty of such systems can be in the range of meters for shallow water, and tens of meters for deeper waters in practice. To enable absolute relocalization in marine data science applications that require absolute seafloor positions in the range of centimeter precision, in this contribution we suggest to equip the monitoring area with visual markers that can be detected reliably even in case they are partially overgrown or partially buried by sediment, which can happen quickly in coastal waters. Inspired by patterns successful in camera calibration, we create robust markers that exhibit features at different scales, in order to allow detection, identification and pose estimation from different cameras and various altitudes as visibility (and therefore the maximum possible survey altitude) in coastal waters can vary significantly across seasons, tides and weather. The low frequency content of the marker resembles a human-readable digit, in order to allow easy identification by scientists. We present early results including promising initial tests in coastal waters.
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  • 6
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    Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Shelf Environments (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: While offshore groundwater has been utilized by coastal communities as far back as 1000 BC, only in the past 10 years has the global volume of fresh-to-brackish water hosted in offshore aquifers been truly appreciated. There are vast quantities (~300–500 × 103 km3) of offshore freshened groundwater sequestered in continental shelf sediments under water depths of less than 60 m within 110 km of the coastline. New marine geophysical methods now make it possible to map and quantify low salinity offshore groundwater bodies. To date, these offshore resources have not been developed. Offshore freshened groundwater could be produced if wells are located close to the shoreline and coastal desalination plants.
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  • 7
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    Towards Cross Domain Transfer Learning for Underwater Correspondence Search (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-11
    Description: Underwater images are challenging for correspondence search algorithms, which are traditionally designed based on images captured in air and under uniform illumination. In water however, medium interactions have a much higher impact on the light propagation. Absorption and scattering cause wavelength- and distance-dependent color distortion, blurring and contrast reductions. For deeper or turbid waters, artificial illumination is required that usually moves rigidly with the camera and thus increases the appearance differences of the same seafloor spot in different images. Correspondence search, e.g. using image features, is however a core task in underwater visual navigation employed in seafloor surveys and is also required for 3D reconstruction, image retrieval and object detection. For underwater images, it has to be robust against the challenging imaging conditions to avoid decreased accuracy or even failure of computer vision algorithms. However, explicitly taking underwater nuisances into account during the feature extraction and matching process is challenging. On the other hand, learned feature extraction models achieved high performance in many in-air problems in recent years. Hence we investigate, how such a learned robust feature model, D2Net, can be applied to the underwater environment and particularly look into the issue of cross domain transfer learning as a strategy to deal with the lack of annotated underwater training data.
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  • 8
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    Bacterial Fish Diseases and Treatment (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-08
    Description: Fish food is an inevitable item in human consumption with healthy sourceof good quality proteins and fat. Aqua industry can help to improve food security,livelihoods for the poorest and to meet the world’s food demands. But producingmore seafood that is at affordable cost with rich nutrition is challenging for aquaindustry. Many factors affect the productivity of aqua industry; one such an impor-tant constraint is bacterial diseases. Hence, Aqua industry, a booming businesssector, immensely requires continued research with scientific and technical devel-opments, and innovations. Study of bacterialfish disease is one such thrust areawhich requires intense research to understand the causes and control bacterialdiseases infish. The appearance and development of afish disease is the result ofthe interaction among pathogen, host and environment. An insight into bacterialfishdiseases, clinical symptoms and treatment may help to manage the bacterial diseasesand so can make aqua industry a more profitablefield. This chapter deals withdifferent aspects of the most threatening bacterial diseases, occurring in farmedfishes and also in wildfishes, which are results infish loss and economic lossworldwide. A wide range of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria causingbacterial diseases, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines and the natureof water habitat are also discussed in this chapter.
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  • 9
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    Lessons Learned in the Digital Earth Project (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The Digital Earth project aimed for the integration of data science and Earth science. Here, we reflect on the main lessons learned that include the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, thinking out of the box, the concept of ‘thinking in workflows’ and models for the sustainable implementation of scientific software, data infrastructure and policies.
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  • 10
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    The Digital Earth Project: Focus and Agenda (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Digital Earth is a project funded by the German Helmholtz Association with all centers of the research field Earth and Environment involved. The main goal of the Digital Earth project is to develop and bundle data science methods in extendable and maintainable scientific workflows that enable natural scientists in collaboration with data scientists to achieve a deeper understanding of the Earth system. This has been achieved by developing solutions for data analysis and exploration with visual and computational approaches with data obtained in a SMART monitoring approach and modeling studies, accompanied by a continuous evaluation of the collaboration processes. In this chapter, the history, setup, and focus of the Digital Earth project are described.
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  • 11
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    Evaluating the Success of the Digital Earth Project (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-17
    Description: The Digital Earth project aims at a strong interrelation between Data and Earth Science and a step-change in implementing data science methods within Earth science research. During the project, the progress of interdisciplinary collaboration and adoption of data science methods has been measured and assessed with the goal to trace the success of the project. This chapter provides the set-up of this evaluation and the results from two online questionnaires that were held after the start and before the end of the project.
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  • 12
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    Marine Protists: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to their Role in the Marine Microbiome (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-17
    Description: Diversity within marine microbiomes spans the three domains of life: microbial eukaryotes (i.e., protists), bacteria, and archaea. Although protists were the first microbes observed by microscopy, it took the advent of molecular techniques to begin to resolve their complex and reticulate evolutionary history. Symbioses between microbial entities have been key in this journey, and such interactions continue to shape the ecology of marine microbiomes. Nowadays, photosynthetic marine protists are appreciated for their activities as primary producers, rivalling land plant contributions in the global carbon cycle. Predatory protists are known for consuming prokaryotes and other protists, with some combining metabolisms into a mixotrophic lifestyle. Still, much must be learned about specific interactions and lifestyles, especially for uncultured groups recognized just by environmental sequences. With respect to the fate of protists in food webs, there are many paths to consider. Despite being in early stages of identifying interactions, whether mutualistic or death-inducing infections by parasites and viruses, knowledge is advancing rapidly via methods for interrogation in nature without culturing. Here, we review marine protists, their evolutionary histories, diversity, ecological roles, and lifestyles in all layers of the ocean, with reference to how views have shifted over time through extensive investigation.
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  • 13
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    A community under a pulse perturbation experiment: editorial (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-01
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  • 14
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    How the climate shapes stalagmites—A comparative study of model and speleothem at the Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-08
    Description: Understanding how stalagmites grow under changing climate conditions is of great significance for their application as a paleoclimate archive. In this study, we present a shape modeling approach to stalagmite growth by combining three existing models accounting for climate variables, karst water chemistry, and speleothem deposition. The combined model requires only four input parameters: calcium concentration of the water drop, drip interval, cave temperature, and cave carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Using the output of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface model MPI-ESM1.2 and the CaveCalc model for speleothem chemistry, we simulated stalagmite growth at Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey, (in the last 25 kyr) and compared the results to those of the existing So-1 stalagmite from the same cave. This approach allows simulating, completely independent of measured boundary conditions, a stalagmite geometry that follows the trend of the experimental data for the growth rate, with input parameters within the respective error ranges. When testing the sensitivity of the individual model parameters, the model suggests that the stalagmite radius mainly depends on the drip interval, whereas the growth rate is driven by the calcium concentration of the water drop. The model is also capable of showing some basic phenomena, like a decrease in growth rate (as observed in the real stalagmite), as CO2 concentration in the cave increases. The coupling of input parameters for the model to climate models represents the first attempt to understand an important climate archive in its shape and isotope content and opens the possibility for a new inverse approach to paleoclimate variables and model constraints.
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  • 15
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    Data Science and Earth System Science (2022)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2022-12-09
    Description: Data-driven science has turned into a fourth fundamental paradigm of performing research. Earth System Science, following a holistic approach in unraveling the complex network of processes and interactions shaping system Earth, particularly profits from embracing data-driven approaches next to observation and modeling. At the end, increasing digitalization of Earth sciences will lead to cultural transformation towards a Digital Earth Culture.
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  • 16
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    Data Analysis and Exploration with Visual Approaches (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-19
    Description: A comprehensive study of the Earth system and its related processes requires a holistic examination and understanding of multidimensional data acquired with a large number of different sensors or produced by various models. To this end, the Digital Earth project developed a set of software solutions to study environmental data sets using visual approaches. In the following chapter, we present three data visualization products developed to deal with the challenges of the analysis and exploration of environmental data.
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  • 17
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    The Digital Earth Smart Monitoring Concept and Tools (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-19
    Description: Reliable data are the base of all scientific analyses, interpretations and conclusions. Evaluating data in a smart way speeds up the process of interpretation and conclusion and highlights where, when and how additionally acquired data in the field will support knowledge gain. An extended SMART monitoring concept is introduced which includes SMART sensors, DataFlows, MetaData and Sampling approaches and tools. In the course of the Digital Earth project, the meaning of SMART monitoring has significantly evolved. It stands for a combination of hard- and software tools enhancing the traditional monitoring approach where a SMART monitoring DataFlow is processed and analyzed sequentially on the way from the sensor to a repository into an integrated analysis approach. The measured values itself, its metadata, and the status of the sensor, and additional auxiliary data can be made available in real time and analyzed to enhance the sensor output concerning accuracy and precision. Although several parts of the four tools are known, technically feasible and sometimes applied in Earth science studies, there is a large discrepancy between knowledge and our derived ambitions and what is feasible and commonly done in the reality and in the field.
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  • 18
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    Opportunities for an African greenhouse gas observation system (2021)
    Springer
    In:  Regional Environmental Change, 21 (4). Art.Nr. 104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-19
    Description: Global population projections foresee the biggest increase to occur in Africa with most of the available uncultivated land to ensure food security remaining on the continent. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise due to ongoing land use change, industrialisation, and transport amongst other reasons with Africa becoming a major emitter of greenhouse gases globally. However, distinct knowledge on greenhouse gas emissions sources and sinks as well as their variability remains largely unknown caused by its vast size and diversity and an according lack of observations across the continent. Thus, an environmental research infrastructure—as being setup in other regions—is more needed than ever. Here, we present the results of a design study that developed a blueprint for establishing such an environmental research infrastructure in Africa. The blueprint comprises an inventory of already existing observations, the spatial disaggregation of locations that will enable to reduce the uncertainty in climate forcing’s in Africa and globally as well as an overall estimated cost for such an endeavour of about 550 M€ over the next 30 years. We further highlight the importance of the development of an e-infrastructure, the necessity for capacity development and the inclusion of all stakeholders to ensure African ownership.
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  • 19
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    Sustainable Land Management in a European Context (2021)
    Springer
    In:  Human-Environment Interactions
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION PIK
  • 20
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    Tiny But Powerful: How Tiny Amounts of Certain Gases Can Make a Big Difference in the Earth’s Climate (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Comparable to carbon dioxide, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon monoxide (CO) are tiny gases that have a great impact on our climate. Though occurring only in very small amounts in the atmosphere they are climate influencers, especially in the Arctic. The Arctic is a unique place on Earth where all life is adapted to the extreme cold. Therefore, global warming is a great threat to the Arctic. DMS and CO are produced in the Arctic Ocean and can go into the atmosphere. There, CO may enhance the warming of the Arctic. On the other hand, DMS possibly cools the atmosphere because it helps forming clouds. The processes CO and DMS are involved in, are complex and will probably alter under a changing climate. It is important to understand these processes to get an idea of the future Arctic Ocean and climate to find ways to save the Arctic.
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  • 21
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    Eduard Suess: the first honorary president of the Geologische Vereinigung, is 190 years old (2021)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-26
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  • 22
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    A software tool to plot frequency and cumulative frequency curves automatically for grain size analysis of sediments (2020)
    Springer
    In:  Earth Science Informatics, 13 (2). pp. 565-571.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: It is a good method to utilize the grain size distribution curves and cumulative frequency curves of marine or river sediments to estimate the hydrodynamic conditions, transportation processes and sedimentary environment. However, researchers can only rely on Excel or Grapher to plot the curves one by one at the present day. The manual plotting procedures are complicated, and calculating the truncation points is time-consuming. To solve the aforementioned problems, we have developed a software tool to plot cumulative frequency curves and calculate the values of truncation points automatically. The software has the ability to plot curves of hundreds of samples accurately and rapidly, promoting researchers to analyze transport mechanisms and hydrodynamic environments. And it is convenient to apply the software to compare the processes of transportation and deposition between different samples.
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  • 23
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    Unraveling the effects of environmental drivers and spatial structure on benthic species distribution patterns in Eurasian-Arctic seas (Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas) (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-07
    Description: In times of accelerating climate change, species are challenged to respond to rapidly shifting environmental settings. Yet, faunal distribution and composition are still scarcely known for remote and little explored seas, where observations are limited in number and mostly refer to local scales. Here, we present the first comprehensive study on Eurasian-Arctic macrobenthos that aims to unravel the relative influence of distinct spatial scales and environmental factors in determining their large-scale distribution and composition patterns. To consider the spatial structure of benthic distribution patterns in response to environmental forcing, we applied Moran’s eigenvector mapping (MEM) on a large dataset of 341 samples from the Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas taken between 1991 and 2014, with a total of 403 macrobenthic taxa (species or genera) that were present in ≥ 10 samples. MEM analysis revealed three spatial scales describing patterns within or beyond single seas (broad: ≥ 400 km, meso: 100–400 km, and small: ≤ 100 km). Each scale is associated with a characteristic benthic fauna and environmental drivers (broad: apparent oxygen utilization and phosphate, meso: distance-to-shoreline and temperature, small: organic carbon flux and distance-to-shoreline). Our results suggest that different environmental factors determine the variation of Eurasian-Arctic benthic community composition within the spatial scales considered and highlight the importance of considering the diverse spatial structure of species communities in marine ecosystems. This multiple-scale approach facilitates an enhanced understanding of the impact of climate-driven environmental changes that is necessary for developing appropriate management strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Arctic marine systems.
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  • 24
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    Orthonormal Wavelets (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Wavelets: Time-Frequency Methods and Phase, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 21-37, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Wavelet processing ; Textbook of geophysics ; Spectrum ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; noksp
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 443-487, (ISBN 0-89871-560-1)
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    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    The Geological Framework of the KTB Drill Site (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Section Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 120, no. 231, pp. 37-54, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: KTB ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Sediment acoustics (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Berlin, Springer, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. Paper A 25 - A 34, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Textbook of geophysics ; Acoustics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 527-553, (ISBN 0-7923-5034-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Tectonics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Geol. aspects ; BO, ; RUB, ; GMG: ; MB ; 4129 ; 3.45.19
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Finite Differenzen und Elemente. Numerische Lösungen von Variationsproblemen und partiellen Differentialgleichungen (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 1-58488-320-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Finite Element Method ; Finite difference method ; DGL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy: Proc. of International Workshop held at "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 23-29, 1988 (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 443-487, (ISBN 0-89871-560-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Proceedings of a conference ; Geodesy ; Plate tectonics ; Muller
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  • 31
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    Practical Numerical Algorithms for Chaotic Systems (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Chaotic behaviour
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  • 32
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    The KTB pilot-hole: Tectonic setting, technical data and first results (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Selection Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 527-553, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Tectonics ; Review article ; Geol. aspects
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  • 33
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    Oberpfalz Deep Seismic Reflection Survey and Velocity Studies (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Section Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 99-150, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: KTB ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Tectonics ; Reflection seismics ; Duerbaum ; Durbaum ; Ruehl ; Ruhl ; Meissner
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  • 34
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    The diets of five summer breeding seabirds in Adélie Land, Antarctica (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (3). pp. 137-145.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The diets of five breeding seabird species were investigated on Adélie Land in January–February 1982. Stomach contents of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, were sampled by a water off-loading method and of Procellariiformes by spontaneous regurgitation. Diet compositions by mass were: Adélie penguin (79% euphausiid, 18% fish, 3% squid); Cape pigeon, Daption capense, (64% euphausiid, 29% fish, 7% carrion); Antarctic fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides, (64% euphausiid, 20% carrion, 16% fish); snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea, (95% fish, 2% euphausiid, 1% carrion) and Wilson's stormpetrel, Oceanites oceanicus, (39% fish, 37% euphausiid, 13% carrion, 12% various crustaceans). The present Adélie penguin diet is consistent with those reported in other studies, given our knowledge of geographical variation in food availability. Differences in the diets of fulmarine petrels appear to relate to differences in foraging areas. The snow petrel is a fish-eating bird associated with pack-ice. Cape pigeon and Antarctic fulmar are mainly krill-eaters and we infer segregation along a neritic/oceanic gradient because of the importance of the neritic Euphausia crystallorophias in the former and the oceanic E. superba in the latter.
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  • 35
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    Seabird and fur seal responses to vertically migrating winter krill swarms in Antarctica (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 10 (1).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The foraging behaviour of fur seals and two species of surface feeding seabirds was observed over swarms of vertically migrating krill along the Antarctic Peninsula in July 1987. Fur Seal haul out patterns were correlated with krill in the upper 30 m of the water column. Krill moved to the surface at night; seals subsequently foraged from 1400-0700 hours before returning to floes. Foraging was continuous through the night. Dive duration decreased as krill moved up to the surface; shorter dives may have been more successful than longer ones. It is possible that very deep dives, which occur early in a foraging bout, represent more of an attempt to assess krill depth and distribution rather than being a genuine foraging effort. Seabirds responded to the presence of a surface krill swarm by circling over it and foraging; krill at depths greater than 30 m elicited directional flight and low frequencies of prey capture attempts. Both Snow Petrels and Antarctic Terns preyed on krill, but each species approached the swarms from different habitats. Snow Petrels primarily overflew areas covered by ice; terns preferred open water. This suggested that prey encounters are essentially opportunistic, although the search for prey is limited to rather specific marine habitats. This feature may be important to our understanding of the factors that determine the pelagic distribution of seabirds.
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  • 36
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    Mass transfer during sub-seafloor alteration of the upper Troodos crust (Cyprus) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102 (1). pp. 93-101.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Five major alteration zones in the Extrusive Series and the Sheeted Dike Complex of the Troodos Ophiolite are each characterized by (a) distinct elemental changes compared to the original composition and (b) secondary mineralogy. The upper ca. 300 m of the extrusive crust, the highly oxidatedcold seawater alteration zone (CSA), is strongly enriched in K2O and depleted in Na2O. It is followed downwards by alow temperature alteration zone (〈170° C) which is most widespread in the Troodos extrusives and where Na2O and K2O are enriched, the latter less strongly than in the CSA zone. Three types ofhigh temperature alteration zones (〈440° C; HTA I–III) are found in the Sheeted Dike Complex. All are marked by thorough leaching of K2O, while the behavior of Na2O (e.g. unchanged in type III) and CaO (depleted in type I, enriched in types II, III) is variable. Mass budgets of elemental changes are quantified by calibration of whole rock analyses via systematic stable element variations of fresh glasses found throughout the extrusive section. The Troodos extrusive crust and upper Sheeted Dike Complex are a major sink for MgO, K2O, and Na2O, and a source for CaO; the overall scale of fluxes drastically exceeds estimates based on fresh basalt compositions from present ocean crust.
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  • 37
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    Seasonal growth lines in pleistocene scleractinians from barbados: Record potential and diagenesis (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 63 (3). pp. 207-214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-23
    Description: Growth line analysis of diagenetically altered scleractinians is only possible if carbonate diagenesis has followed the pathway of aragonite leaching and coeval formation of low magnesium calcite. All other possibilities of aragonite transformation into calcite exclude the preservation of this growth line banding. Examples of these diagenetic patterns are found in the Pleistocene of Barbados.
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  • 38
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    Authigenic zeolites and their relation to silica diagenesis in ODP Site 661 sediments (Leg 108, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 78 (3). pp. 779-792.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: At ODP Site 661 from the continental margin of Northwest Africa, authigenic clinoptilolites were investigated in detail. Based on chemical data, crystal size and shape and their intergrowth with associated mineral phases, two types of clinoptilolite (type A and B) occur representing different diagenetic conditions under which the formation of zeolites took place. Clinoptilolite type A was found in a sediment section comprises numerous hiatuses and stratigraphically condensed sediments and could have been formed during early diagenesis. In contrast, clinoptilolite type B was precipitated in Campanian sediments during later diagenesis, after the transformation from opal-A to opal-CT had taken place. At Site 661, the silica source for the authigenesis of both clinoptilolite types is biogenic opal. Volcanic ash material occurs, but in low amounts and thus is not a prerequisite for the formation of clinoptilolite at Site 661.
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  • 39
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    Geology of an active hot spot: Teahitia-Mehetia region in the South Central Pacific (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Geophysical Research, 11 (1). pp. 27-50.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: The Teahitia-Mehetia hot spot region located in the southeastern extension of the Society Islands chain, near 18° S–148° W consists of several active volcanoes. The distribution of recent volcanic activity correlates with seismic epicenters, and covers an area of more than 1000 km2. Intermittent volcanic activity has given rise to large (〉1000 m high) and small (〈500 m high) edifices composed of various types of flows. Several recent volcanic events have produced a suite of alkalic rocks ranging from ankaramites, through alkali basalts to trachy-phonolites. The presence of altered MORB-like tholeiites on one small seamount suggests that a different mantle source material was involved in forming some of the crust in this hot spot region.
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  • 40
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    Antarctic cephalopods - a living marine resource (1989)
    Springer
    In:  AMBIO, 18 (1). pp. 55-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-18
    Description: In the Antarctic there are large unexploited stocks of cephalopods with high potential commercial value and there are two important fisheries for squid in the cool temperate waters of the Southern Ocean, adjacent to the Antarctic, in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Squid fisheries can develop very rapidly, and if this were to happen in the Antarctic before adequate management plans could be established, there would be serious consequences for the squid stocks, and also for the vertebrate predator populations which depend on them. It is especially important to increase our knowledge of the Antarctic cephalopod species, their distribution and role in the food chain, and to understand their life cycles
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  • 41
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    Phytoplankton carbon dynamics during a winter/spring diatom bloom in an enclosed marine ecosystem: primary production, biomass and loss rates (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 103 . pp. 131-142.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Phytoplankton production, standing crop, and loss processes (respiration, sedimentation, grazing by zooplankton, and excretion) were measured on a daily basis during the growth, dormancy and decline of a winter-spring diatom bloom in a large-scale (13 m3) marine mesocosm in 1987. Carbonspecific rates of production and biomass change were highly correlated whereas production and loss rates were unrelated over the experimental period when the significant changes in algal biomass characteristic of phytoplankton blooms were occurring. The observed decline in diatom growth rates was caused by nutrient limitation. Daily phytoplankton production rates calculated from the phytoplankton continuity equation were in excellent agreement with rates independently determined using standard 14C techniques. A carbon budget for the winter bloom indicated that 82.4% of the net daytime primary production was accounted for by measured loss processes, 1.3% was present as standing crop at the end of the experiment, and 16.3% was unexplained. Losses via sedimentation (44.8%) and nighttime phytoplankton respiration (24.1%) predominated, while losses due to zooplankton grazing (10.7%) and nighttime phytoplankton excretion (2.8%) were of lesser importance. A model simulating daily phytoplankton biomass was developed to demonstrate the relative importance of the individual loss processes.
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  • 42
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    The role of competition for limiting resources in phytoplankton species replacements (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Plankton ecology: succession in plankton communities. , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 57-106. ISBN 3-540-51373-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-22
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 43
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    Plankton ecology, succession in plankton communities (1989)
    Springer
    In:  , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 369 pp. ISBN 3-540-51373-6
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 44
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    Debris avalanche deposits by the 1984 collapse of Ontake Volcano, central Japan (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Volcanic hazards. , ed. by Latter, J. H. IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, 1 . Springer , Berlin, pp. 210-229.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-10
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 45
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    The manganese nodules of the Kane Gap (East Atlantic). Indicators of sedimentation — erosion changes (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 78 (3). pp. 943-958.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Manganese nodules from the Kane Gap (a deep sea channel connecting the Sierra Leone and Gambia Basins off West Africa) were investigated chemically and dated by10Be along cross-sections. Comparing the nodule structure with the stratigraphy of the related sediments, the following conclusions are drawn concerning the sedimentation processes during the last 4 to 6×106 years: The growth of the nodules started about 4 to 4.5 Ma before present during or near to the end of a period of erosion on a fossil-free, probably Miocene sediment. During the first phase of only a few hundred thousandyears, the nodules grew very quickly (7 to 〉18 mm/Ma). Fe-rich hydrogenetic material formed the internal sections of the nodules during this time. Slowing down of the bottom currents, resulting in deposition of thin sediment covers for short intervals, caused the character of the nodules to change to a more diagenetic composition. The growth rates were reduced to about 1 to 2 mm/Ma. The time of slowing is roughly 3 to 4 Ma BP. Probable uncertainties of the dating and growth rates resulting from supposed changes of the10Be supply to the nodules due to variations of the near bottom environment are discussed.
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  • 46
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    The genesis and significance of N-MORB sub-types (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102 (1). pp. 112-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Description: A global compositional dichotomy for N-MORB magma (N1/N2) is recognized on the basis of Na2O, TiO2, CaO, and Al2O3 contents, and their respective ratios. We have characterized the two magma sub-types by means of their trace element patterns, and attempted to explain the differences in major and trace element contents in terms of a partial melting model, using data from DSDP/IPOD Leg 82. Mass balance calculations for N-MORB glass and rock compositions indicate that differences between N1-and N2-MORB are consistent with simple differences (5%–10%) in the degree of partial melting of a plagioclase-(±spinel) lherzolite, at pressures 〈10 kbar, rather than their respective derivation from plagioclase- and spinel-lher-zolite sources. Based on published and calculated partition coefficients, and calculated source magmaphile trace element compositions, the calculations indicate that the overall range of N-MORB compositions may be derived by between approximately 8% and 20% partial melting of a fertile lherzolite source. Fluid dynamic and melt kinematic considerations will probably necessitate refinement of the model, but should also take account of its qualitative precepts.
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  • 47
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    Evidence for multiple spawning in the tropical oceanic squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 101 . pp. 513-519.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-25
    Description: Indirect evidence suggests that Stenoteuthis oualaniensis is a multiple spawner, a reproductive strategy not reported previously for squid. After spawning once, S. oualaniensis apparently continues to feed, grow, and mature additional oocytes before spawning again. Squid were caught by jigging at night in waters around the main Hawaiian Islands during four cruises from 1981 to 1987. All females from 200 mm mantle length (ML) to at least 318 mm ML were sexually mature, indicating that considerable growth takes place after reaching sexual maturity. Size-frequency analyses of ovarian oocytes revealed continuous egg production throughout adult life. Mature ova are stored in the oviducts, but oviduct fullness is unrelated to body size, indicating repeat spawning.
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  • 48
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    Food and feeding ecology of emperor penguins in the eastern Weddell Sea (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (6). pp. 385-390.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-10
    Description: The diet of the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica was studied during October and November 1986 by stomach content analysis. Emperor penguins fed mainly on Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum and squid Psychroteuthis glacialis. Benthic prey was not found. The prey composition suggests two different feeding strategies, shallow dives exploring the rugged underside of sea ice where krill is taken, and deep dives when mesopelagic fish and squid are consumed. Chicks were fed on average every 1.44 days.
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  • 49
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    Increase in numbers of male fur seals Arctocephalus gazella during the summer autumn period at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 . pp. 487-488.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-06
    Description: The fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, population at Mossman Peninsula (Laurie Island) was studied from 1985 to 1987. Weekly counts were carried out at a 4 km bachelor haul-out beach from December through June. Maxima of 2 240, 2 787 and 5 196 juvenile and adult males were counted during March of the respective years. Census data indicate an increase in the non-breeding population of 13.5% between 1985–1986 and 46.5% between 1986–1987.
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  • 50
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    Respiration and nitrogen excretion by the squid Loligo forbesi (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 103 (3). pp. 333-338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Respiration and nitrogen excretion rates of mature adult Loligo forbesi were investigated at the Roscoff Laboratory (North Brittany, France) during individual short-term incubation experiments in January 1986. The squids were in post-digestive condition and not actively swimming. Both oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion are continuous processes. The metabolic rates of this active nektonic species (145 ml kg-1 h-1 oxygen uptake, 18.56 μg g-1 h-1 ammonia excretion) are distinctly higher than those of benthic cephalopods. Proteins constitute the main metabolic substrate for energetic needs. Besides ammonia, urea is also continuously released, in amounts ranging from 5 to 16% of ammonia-excretion values.
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  • 51
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    Preface: Towards a Darwinian ecology of plankton (1989)
    Springer
    In:  In: Plankton ecology - success in plankton communities. , ed. by Sommer, U. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-8.
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-07
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 52
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    Global Positioning System-Techniques Applied to Geodesy and Surveying (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy
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  • 53
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    A pilot vertical seismic profiling experiment in the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 417-427, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Vertical seismic profiling ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 54
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    The UNIX System Guidebook (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Handbook of informatics
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  • 55
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    The logging strategy for the Continental Deep Drilling Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 428-443, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; Hanel
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  • 56
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    Frictional sliding and the crustal stresses (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 444-453, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Stress ; Borehole geophys. ; Fault zone
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  • 57
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    The future of scientific drilling (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 523-531, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: scientific drilling ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 58
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    Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II. Projects, Technology, Sciences and Prospects for the Future (1988)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Review article ; Borehole geophys. ; Applied geophysics
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  • 59
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    Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock I. The Deep Gas Drilling in the Siljan Impact Structure, Sweden, and Astroblemes (1988)
    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Applied geophysics ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 60
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    The German Continental Deep Drilling Program, targets and state (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 64-81, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; KTB ; scientific drilling ; Rischmueller ; Rischmuller
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  • 61
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    Geophysical aspects of recent deep seismic soundings of the German crust (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 401-416, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 62
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    Boundary Value Problems in Linear Viscoelasticity (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 1-4020-0653-5)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Rheology ; Elasticity ; Inelastic ; Rock mechanics
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  • 63
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    A new method of nonlinear signal correlation using the instantaneous spectrum (1988)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  Expanded abstracts of the technical program with authors' biographies of the 58th SEG International Meeting, Anaheim, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 29, pp. 1321-1323, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismic stratigraphy ; Conference abstr.
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  • 64
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    Multiresolution matching for velocity analysis and Q inversion (1988)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  Expanded abstracts of the technical program with authors' biographies of the 58th SEG International Meeting, Anaheim, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. UCRL-JC-123270, pp. 1097-1100, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismic stratigraphy ; Quality factor ; Conference abstr.
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  • 65
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    Continental scientific drilling - a scientific frontier (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock II, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 9, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; scientific drilling
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  • 66
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    Regulation of respiration during juvenile development of Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 97 (3). pp. 365-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: A culture of juvenile Sepia officinalis L. was kept during summer 1985 in the aquaria of the “Station Marine”, Wimereux, France. During the first four months of juvenile development, oxygen consumption under increasing hypoxia was measured with a closed respirometer. The experiments revealed a high regulatory capacity of juvenile S. officinalis. The critical oxygen concentrations were calculated and their ontogenetical evolution was studied. The critical oxygen concentration increased with increasing development. A linear relationship emerged between the critical oxygen concentration and the logarithm of the wet weight [COc (mg O2 l-1)=-0.393+0.893×log10(Ww)]. The decreasing regulatory capacity of growing S. officinalis is most probably related to adaptations to a changing ecological environment during development. Another possibility is a physiological change, most probably related to the shift from embryonic to adult hemocyanin.
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  • 67
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    The influence of animals on phosphorus cycling in lake ecosystems (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 170 (1). pp. 267-284.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-21
    Description: Aquatic animals directly influence the cycling of phosphorus in lakes through feeding and excretion. Traditionally, animals (zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish) have been assigned only minor roles in the process of freshwater phosphorus cycling. They were regarded as consumers without much regulating influence. Today there is growing evidence that animals, predators and herbivores, directly or indirectly can control biomass of primary producers and internal cycling of phosphorus. This paper summarizes different mechanisms of transformation and translocation of phosphorus via different groups of organisms.
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  • 68
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    Eruption ages and magma supply rates during the Miocene evolution of Gran Canaria: Single-crystle 40Ar/39Ar laser ages (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Naturwissenschaften, 75 . pp. 616-617.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-18
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 69
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    Meso- and macrozooplankton communities in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 9 (1). pp. 17-35.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: The present paper describes composition and abundance of meso- and macrozooplankton in the epipelagic zone of the Weddell Sea and gives a systematic review of encountered species regarding results of earlier expeditions. Material was sampled from 6 February to 10 March 1983 from RV Polarstern with a RMT 1+8 m (320 and 4500 μm mesh size). In agreement with topography and water mass distribution three distinct communities were defined, clearly separated by cluster analysis: The Southern Shelf Community has lowest abundances (approx. 9000 ind./1000 m3). Euphausia crystallorophias and Metridia gerlachei are predominating. Compared with the low overall abundance the number of regularly occurring species is high (55) due to many neritic forms. Herbivores and omnivores are dominating (58% and 35%). The North-eastern Shelf Community has highest abundances (about 31 000 ind./1000 m3). It is predominated by copepodites I–III of Calanus propinquus and Calanoides acutus (61%). The faunal composition is characterized by both oceanic and neritic species (64). Fine-filter feeders are prevailing (65%). The Oceanic Community has a mean abundance of approximately 23 000 ind./1000 m3, consisting of 61 species. Dominances are not as pronounced as in the shelf communities. Apart from abundant species like Calanus propinquus, Calanoides acutus, Metridia gerlachei, Oithona spp. and Oncaea spp. many typical inhabitants of the Eastwind Drift are encountered. All feeding types have about the same importance in the Oceanic Community.
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  • 70
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    Food web interactions in lakes : proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Notre Dame, March 21 - 26, 1987 (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Complex interactions in Lake Communities. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 141-160. ISBN 0-387-96684-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-22
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 71
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    Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Enviroments : Proceedings of the DMG-GDMB-SGA-Meeting Aachen, 1985 (1988)
    Springer
    In:  , ed. by Friedrich, G. H. and Herzig, P. M. SGA Special Publication, 5 . Springer, Heidelberg, 290 pp. ISBN 3-540-18202-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 72
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    A lateral line analogue in cephalopods: water waves generate microphonic potentials in the epidermal head lines of Sepia and Lolliguncula (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 164 . pp. 1-5.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: Many cephalopods have lines of ciliated cells on their head and arms. In the cuttlefish Sepia and the squid Lolliguncula, electrophysiological recordings clearly identify these epidermal lines as an invertebrate analogue to the mechanoreceptive lateral lines of fish and aquatic amphibians and thus as another example of convergent evolution between a sophisticated cephalopod and vertebrate sensory system. Stimulation of the epidermal lines with local water displacements, generated by a vibrating sphere, causes receptor potentials that have many features known from lateral line microphonic potentials. The minimal threshold of the head lines is 0.2 micron peak-to-peak water displacement (calculated at the skin surface) at 75-100 Hz.
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  • 73
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    Effect of temperature on laboratory growth, reproduction and life span of Octopus bimaculoides (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 98 (3). pp. 369-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Laboratory culture of 40 Octopus bimaculoides from April 1982 to August 1983 through the full life cycle at 18°C vs 23°C provided information on the growth, reproductive biology and life span of this California littoral octopus. At 18°C, the cephalopods grew from a hatchling size of 0.07 g to a mean of 619 g in 404 d; the largest individual was 872 g. Octopuses cultured at 23°C reached their highest mean weight of 597 g in 370 d; the largest individual grown at this temperature was 848 g after 404 d. Growth data revealed a two-phase growth pattern: a 5 mo exponential phase followed by a slower logarithmic (power function) phase until spawning. At 5 mo octopuses grown at 23°C were over three times larger than their 18°C siblings. However, beyond 6.5 mo, growth rates were no higher at 23°C than at 18°C. At 13.5 mo, the mean weight of the 18°C group surpassed that of the 23°C group. The slope of the length/weight (L/W) relationship was significantly different for the two temperature regimes, with the 23°C octopuses weighing 18% less than their 18°C siblings at a mantle length of 100 mm. Females weighed more than males at any given mantle length. Males grew slightly larger and matured before females. The L/W relationship indicated isometric body growth throughout the life cycle. Higher temperature accelerated all aspects of reproductive biology and shortened life span by as much as 20% (from approximately 16 to 13 mo). O. bimaculoides has one of the longest life cycles among species with large eggs and benthic hatchlings. Extrapolations to field growth are made, and the possible effects of temperature anomalies such as El Niño are discussed.
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  • 74
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    Effects of Pack Ice on the Composition of Micronektonic Communities in the Weddell Sea (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. , ed. by Sahrhage, D. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 140-146. ISBN 978-3-642-73726-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Using seabirds as sampling devices on two cruises in the northwestern Weddell Sea, we investigated the species and lengthfrequency distribution of micronekton in surface waters. Our micronekton samples are among the first ever collected simultaneously in both ice-covered and adjacent ice-free waters in the Antarctic using the same technique. Changes in the abundance or presence of certain crustacean, squid, and fish species were related to the presence of ice, and to distance from the ice edge. Length-frequency distributions representing age- or sex-classes of fish and krill were also affected by proximity to the ice edge. Our data indicate that the proximity of sampling to pack ice may affect our perception of the composition of micronektonic communities, and that the marginal ice zone is an important area for juvenile age-classes of pelagic fish and krill.
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  • 75
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    Squid as Predators on Krill (Euphausia superba) and Prey for Sperm Whales in the Southern Ocean (1988)
    Springer
    In:  In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. , ed. by Sahrhage, D. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 292-296. ISBN 978-3-642-73726-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: This chapter deals with information on the role of squid, and on feeding by sperm whales on squid, in the Antarctic. Seasonal variation in the vertical distribution of krill swarms may possibly affect the distribution of smaller squid which feed on krill. Larger squid are distributed in deeper water layers where they do not feed on krill alone. Sperm whales eat larger squid in the deeper waters of the Southern Ocean. The diet of these larger squid is unknown. It is suggested that the food chain from krill to sperm whale has several links, including fish and squid. The importance of studies on deep-sea systems in the Southern Ocean is emphasized.
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  • 76
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    Investigation of the fauna of Seamounts of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges, Southeastern Pacific Ocean (18th cruise of the R/V Professor Shtokman, March 6-June 17,1987) (1988)
    Pleiades Publishing | Springer
    In:  Oceanology, 28 (6). pp. 803-805.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
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  • 77
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    Some size relationships in phytoflagellate motility (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 161 (1). pp. 125-131.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: Data from the literature are used to assess some hypothesised adaptive advantages of the flagellate life form among phytoplankton. Possible advantages include increased nutrient uptake by movement through a homogeneous medium as opposed to exploitation of spatial hetrogeneity of the environment. Maximal migrational amplitudes and maximal swimming velocities of phytoflagellates were compared to body size. Both were found to increase with size. Relative amplitudes and relative velocities, however, were found to decrease with size. Hydrophysical considerations show that additional gain of nutrients by swimming through a homogeneous medium is only minimal for small flagellates at their attainable swimming velocities. It is suggested that exploitation of environmental heterogeneity in nutrient distribution may be one of the most important advantages for flagellates over coccoid algae.
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  • 78
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    The species composition of Antarctic phytoplankton interpreted in terms of Tilman's competition theory (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Oecologia, 77 (4). pp. 464-467.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: An attempt was made, to test for the impact of resource competition on Antarctic marine phytoplankton. According to theory, species composition near competitive equilibrium should be determined by the ratios of limiting resources. Enrichment bioassays identified silicon and nitrogen as limiting nutrients for some of the most important phytoplankton species during early austral summer in the region near the Antarctic Peninsula. Together with the generally acknowledged limiting resource light, this gave three meaningful ratios of essential resources (Si:N, Si:light, N:light) and one ratio of substitutable resources (NO sub(3):NH sub(4)). Phytoplankton species assemblages were found to be well separated by the ratios of the essential resources and by mixing depth.
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  • 79
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    Methode der Randelemente - Boundary Elements in der Mechanik auf dem PC (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 113, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (0-13-186150-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Boundary Element Method ; Modelling ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 80
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    Encyclopedia of Structural Geology and Plate Tectonics (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Houston, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 3-540-31080-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Structural geology ; Plate tectonics
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  • 81
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    Scientific objectives and site-selection studies of the Continental Deep Drilling Program of the Federal Republic of Germany (KTB) (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling II., Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 85-120, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: KTB ; Borehole geophys. ; Review article
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  • 82
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    Deep well formation logging - The problems. The logging tools (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Observation of the Continental Crust through Drilling II., Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 207-223, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Review article ; Instruments
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  • 83
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    Evolution of the continental crust in the Precambrian; History of tectonic development of the Pechenga region (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81B, no. 1, pp. 293-303, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Borehole geophys.
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  • 84
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    Applications of Tensor Functions in Solid Mechanics (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Wien, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-19-851393-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Textbook of mathematics
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  • 85
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    Effects of crack anisotropy on cross-hole shooting (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  Beijing, China, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. I, Geology, Geological History and Origin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: AnisotropyS ; Borehole geophys. ; Conference abstr.
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  • 86
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    Pattern recognition for earthquake detection by mental pictures (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, ASST'87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 347-350, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismology ; Pattern recognition
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  • 87
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    Picture description language for recognition of seismic patterns (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  57th Annual International SEG Meeting, New Orleans, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. Pos 2.12, pp. 326-330, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Pattern recognition
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  • 88
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    Pattern analysis of seismic records (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  57th Annual International SEG Meeting, New Orleans, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. Pos 2.13, pp. 331-334, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Pattern recognition
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  • 89
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    Inverse Q-filtering by Fourier transform (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  57th Annual International of SEG, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. 10, no. 421, pp. 61-63, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Filter- ; Fourier transform ; Inversion ; Attenuation ; Quality factor
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  • 90
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    Pre-stack source equalization (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  SEG's 40th Annual Midwest Meeting, Dallas, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 51, pp. 193-210, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Source
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  • 91
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    Thiessen mapping of seismic character (1987)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  57th Annual International SEG Meeting, New Orleans, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. 10, no. Pos 2.11, pp. 322-325, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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  • 92
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    Repräsentationsformen beim menschlichen Problemlösen (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., GWAI-87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 287-295, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
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    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI) ; knr ; COG
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  • 93
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    Molecular association of Cu, Zn, Cd and 210Po in the digestive gland of the squid Nototodarus gouldi (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 95 (1). pp. 87-91.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-29
    Description: The squid Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888) was caught by bottom trawl in Port Phillip Bay, Australia in February 1985. The squid accumulates in its digestive gland high levels of trace metals, with up to 100 μg Cd g-1 dry tissue, 1 200 μg g-1 copper and 1 500 μg g-1 zinc and up to 24 Bq g-1 of the naturally occurring radionuclide polonium-210. The molecular binding of these elements in six squid was investigated using column chromatography. Two poorly resolved copper peaks were associated with proteins of average molecular weights of 11 500 and 18 000. The two squid containing the highest levels of cadmium in their digestive glands (44 and 88 μg g-1) had cadmium associated with a peak of molecular weight intermediate between the copper-binding peaks, but this peak was absent from squid containing lower levels of cadmium. Zinc was associated with ligands of less than 1 500 molecular weight. The 210Po eluted with proteins of greater than 70 000 molecular weight, and there was no evidence of binding to low molecular weight proteins. Different mechanisms appear to be involved in the binding and control of the four elements.
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  • 94
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    Trends in Atlantic equatorial current variability (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 40 (6). pp. 261-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Approximately twice-monthly expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections between Europe and Brazil, are used to characterize trends in the equatorial geostrophic surface currents orthogonal to the sections between September, 1980 and May, 1984. Using mean temperature-salinity relationships the upper layer temperature profiles are converted to density and used to compute 0/300 db dynamic height. Applying a second derivative method, at and near the equator, geostrophic surface currents are computed along each quasimeridional XBT section and time/space series of the equatorial currents are developed using spline interpolations in both time and space. Equatorial currents are mapped as time series of dynamic height and geostrophic current.
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  • 95
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    Deglaciation and meltwater events in Hudson Strait and the Eastern Canadian Arctic (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 7 (1). pp. 23-30.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Stable isotope measurements on molluses from raised marine deposits, and on foraminifera in a piston core, define a series of light isotope events. A major event is14C dated at ca. 10.3 ka and is correlated with a marked isotopic excursion in HU77-021-156. This event is followed by a dramatic rise in diatom and, slightly later, in benthic foraminiferal abundances. Molluses record another light event around 8 ka. Major fluctuations in both δ18O and δ13C around 10.3 ka suggests that the Hudson Strait ice stream may have responded to the Younger Dryas climatic oscillation.
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  • 96
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    Meiobenthic stocks and benthic activity on the NE-Svalbard shelf and in the Nansen Basin (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 7 . pp. 253-266.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: High Arctic meiofaunal distribution, standing stock, sediment chemistry and benthic respiratory activity (determined by sediment oxygen consumption using a shipboard technique) were studied in summer 1980 on the NE Svalbard shelf (northern Barents Sea) and along a transect into the Nansen Basin, over a depth range of 240–3920 m. Particulate sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were measured as additional measures of benthic biomass. To estimate the sedimentation potential of primary organic matter, sediment bound chloroplastic pigments (chlorophylls, pheopigments) were assayed. Pigment concentrations were found comparable to values in sediments from the boreal and temperate N-Atlantic. Meiofauna, which was abundant on the shelf, decreased in numbers and biomasses with increasing depth, as did sediment proteins, carbohydrates, adenylates and sediment oxygen consumption. Meiofaunal abundances and biomasses within the Nansen Basin were comparable with those observed in abyssal sediments of the North Atlantic. Nematodes clearly dominated in metazoan meiofauna. Protozoans were abundant in shelf sediments. Probably in response to the sedimentation of the plankton bloom, meiofauna abundance and biomass as well as sediment proteins, carbohydrates and adenylates were significantly correlated to the amount of sediment bound chloroplastic pigments, stressing the importance of food quantity to determine benthic stocks. Ninety-four percent of the variance in sediment oxygen consumption were caused by chloroplastic pigments. Benthic respiration, calculated per unit biomass, was 3–10 times lower than in the East Atlantic, suggesting low turnover rates in combination with a high standing stocks for the high Arctic benthos.
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  • 97
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    Cephalopod prey of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 96 (1). pp. 1-10.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Cephalopod beaks from the stomach contents of “wandering albatross” (Diomedea exulans L.) chicks from Bird Island, South Georgia, were sampled between May and September in 1983 and 1984. Lower beaks were identified and measured, and allometric data were used to calculated mantle length and biomass of the species consumed. A total of 3421 lower beaks were examined, representing 35 species in the 1983 sample and 45 species in the 1984 sample. Eight of the twenty families contributed over 95% of the biomass. In 1984 there were less Onychoteuthidae and more Ommastrephidae than in 1983 and a decrease in the number of species known to occur south of the Antarctic Polar Front. There was a difference in the size-frequency distribution of the cephalopod diet in the two years; in 1984 there was a higher frequency of intermediate-sized specimens, reflecting the greater importance of ommastrephids, especially Illex sp. The energy content of cephalopods in 1984 may have been greater than in 1983. Serial sampling of cephalopod beaks during the austral winter did not reveal evidence of growth. By the age of 200 d, wandering albatross chicks have consumed a total of approximately 100 kg wet weight of cephalopods each.
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  • 98
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    Seawater sediment interactions in coastal waters: an interdisciplinary approach (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies, 13 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, 338 pp. ISBN 3-540-17571-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-10
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 99
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    Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics (1986)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Textbook of physics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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    Characterization of a geologic environment by multivariate statistical analysis of seismic parameters (1986)
    Soc. Explorat. Geophys.
    In:  Expanded abstracts of the technical program with authors' biographies of the 56th SEG International Meeting, Houston, Soc. Explorat. Geophys., vol. 10, no. 47, pp. 197-200
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Seismic stratigraphy ; Pattern recognition ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; Conference abstr.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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