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  • Springer  (95)
  • Naturalis Biodiversity Center  (40)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2020-2024  (135)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1950-1954
  • 2020  (135)
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  • 1
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    Massive dolomites in the Messinian evaporitic sequence (Sicily, Italy): multi-analytical characterization and implications for the dolomitization processes (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: A combined geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and geological approach has allowed to constrain the dolomitization process responsible for the formation of massive dolomitic body within the Messinian evaporitic series. We focused our investigations on an example of massive dolomite body, outcropping over the marginal area of the evaporitic basin in the Peloritani Mountains (NE area of Sicily region, Italy). Field observations allowed recognizing several sedimentary structures, such as erosion surfaces, lenses of conglomerates and ripples highlighting a clastic origin. The petrographic study revealed fne-grained and massive structure, scarce porosity, light to pink color and absence of micro-fossils. The chondritenormalized trace element pattern shows a general enrichment in LREE and depletion in HREE. The isotopic signatures of the studied dolomites (δ18O=– 4.38–1.24‰, V-PDB; δ13C=– 1.48–1.94‰, V-PDB) are comparable with those of type-3 “Calcare di Base” which is the common reference to record the Messinian salinity crisis. The positive co-variant relationship between the δ18O and δ13C values suggests a dolomitization process in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone. The occurrence of the studied dolomites in the evaporitic sequence coupled with the results we gained point towards an origin from “early diagenetic” processes. As a consequence, a model explaining the genetic mechanism for the studied dolomitic rocks can be essentially summarized as: (1) the massive dolostones were originally deposited as evaporitic limestones under rather highsalinity conditions; (2) the dolomitization process occurred in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone that provided Mg-rich fuids over uplifted submarine masses.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 29
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Estimating eruptive parameters and related uncertainties for pyroclastic density currents deposits: worked examples from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-31
    Description: The quantification of the maximum runout, invaded area, volume, and total grain-size distribution (TGSD) of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) is a critically important task because such parameters represent the needed necessary input quantities for physical modeling and hazard assessment of PDCs. In this work, new and well-established methods for the quantification of these parameters are applied to a large stratigraphic dataset of three PDC units from two eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius (the AD 79 Pompeii and the AD 472 Pollena eruptions), representative of a large spectrum of transport and depositional processes. Maximum runout and invaded area are defined on the basis of the available volcanological and topographical constraints. The related uncertainties are evaluated with an expert judgment procedure, which considersed the different sectors of the volcano separately. Quite large uncertainty estimates of dispersal area (20–40%) may have important implications in terms of hazard assessment. The testing of different methods for estimating the volume (and mass) of a PDC deposit suggests that integration, over the invaded area, of thickness (and deposit density) data using the triangulated irregular network method can minimize and localize data extrapolation. Such calculations, however, bear an intrinsic additional uncertainty (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit) related to loss or new formation of fine material during transport (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit). Different interpolation methods for TGSD produce multimodal distributions, likely reflecting the different response of each grain size class to transport and deposition processes. These data, when integrated with information on the related co-ignimbrite deposits, can give a more accurate picture of the pyroclastic mixture feeding the current.
    Description: Published
    Description: Id 65
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Simulation of seismic ground motion fields via object-oriented spatial statistics with an application in Northern Italy (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-21
    Description: This work offers a novel methodological framework to address the problem of generating data-driven earthquake shaking fields at different vibration periods, which are key to support decision making and civil protection planning. We propose to analyse the entire profiles of spectral accelerations and project their information content to unsampled locations in the system, based on the theory of Object Oriented Spatial Statistics. The proposed methodology combines a non-ergodic ground motion model with a fully functional model for the residual term, the latter consisting of (i) the spatially-varying systematic effects due to source, site and path, and (ii) the remaining aleatory error. The proposed methodology allows to generate multiple shaking scenarios conditioned on the data, jointly and consistently for all the vibration periods, overcoming the intrinsic limitations of existing multivariate approaches to the problem. The approach is tested on a vast dataset of ground motion records collected in the study-area of the Po Plain (Northern Italy), for which a region-specific fully non-ergodic GMM was previously calibrated. Our validation tests demonstrate the potentiality of the approach, which is capable to effectively simulate spectral acceleration profiles, while keeping the ability to capture the main physical features of ground motion patterns in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1607–1627
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Mating genes in Calonectria and evidence for a heterothallic ancestral state (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 163-176
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: The genus Calonectria includes many important plant pathogens with a wide global distribution. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of these fungi, we characterised the structure of the mating type locus and flanking genes using the genome sequences for seven Calonectria species. Primers to amplify the mating type genes in other species were also developed. PCR amplification of the mating type genes and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the mating strategies and evolution of mating type in a collection of 70 Calonectria species residing in 10 Calonectria species complexes. Results showed that the organisation of the MAT locus and flanking genes is conserved. In heterothallic species, a novel MAT gene, MAT1-2-12 was identified in the MAT1-2 idiomorph; the MAT1-1 idiomorph, in most cases, contained the MAT1-1-3 gene. Neither MAT1-1-3 nor MAT1-2-12 was found in homothallic Calonectria (Ca.) hongkongensis, Ca. lateralis, Ca. pseudoturangicola and Ca. turangicola. Four different homothallic MAT locus gene arrangements were observed. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis provided evidence that the homothallic state was basal in Calonectria and this evolved from a heterothallic ancestor.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Cylindrocladium ; fungal biology ; fungal pathogens ; MAT locus ; mating type ; phylogeny ; sexual reproduction
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 5
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    High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 132-162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch’s postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus ; six new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 6
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111 (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 301-459
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects’ frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.) from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.) from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ITS nrDNA barcodes ; LSU ; new taxa ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 7
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    Fungal associates of an invasive pine-infesting bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, including seven new Ophiostomatalean fungi (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 177-195
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens) is a bark beetle that is native to Central and North America. This insect is well-known to live in association with a large number of Ophiostomatalean fungi. The beetle is considered a minor pest in its native range, but has killed millions of indigenous pine trees in China after its appearance in that country in the late 1990s. In order to increase the base of knowledge regarding the RTB and its symbionts, surveys of the beetle’s fungal associates were initially undertaken in China, and in a subsequent study in its native range in NorthAmerica.Atotal of 30 Ophiostomatalean species that included several undescribed taxa, were identified in these surveys. In the present study, seven of the undescribed taxa collected during the surveys were further characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenies. We proceeded to describe five of these as novel Leptographium spp. and two as new species of Ophiostoma. Four of the Leptographium spp. resided in the G. galeiformis-species complex, while one formed part of the L. olivaceumspecies complex. One Ophiostoma sp. was a member of the O. ips-species complex, while the only new species from China was closely related to O. floccosum. Two of the previously undescribed taxa from North America were shown to be congeneric with L. terebrantis, implying that this species was most often isolated in association with the RTB in North America. The undescribed taxon from North America was identified as O. ips, and like L. terebrantis, this species was also not recognized during the initial North American survey. Resolving the identities of these taxa provides essential baseline information to better understand the movement of fungal pathogens with this beetle. This then enhances our ability to accurately assess and predict the risks of invasions by these and related fungi.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; invasion biology ; phylogenetics ; Scolytinae ; seven new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 8
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    Taxonomy and systematics of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 26-62
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The circumscription and composition of the Hyaloscyphaceae are controversial and based on poorly sampled or unsupported phylogenies. The generic limits within the hyaloscyphoid fungi are also very poorly understood. To address this issue, a robust five-gene Bayesian phylogeny (LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, mtSSU; 5521 bp) with a focus on the core group of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae is presented here, with comparative morphological and histochemical characters. A wide representative sampling of Hyaloscypha supports it as monophyletic and shows H. aureliella (subgenus Eupezizella) to be a strongly supported sister taxon. Reinforced by distinguishing morphological features, Eupezizella is here recognised as a separate genus, comprising E. aureliella, E. britannica, E. roseoguttata and E. nipponica (previously treated in Hyaloscypha). In a sister group to the Hyaloscypha-Eupezizella clade a new genus, Mimicoscypha, is created for three seldom collected and poorly understood species, M. lacrimiformis, M. mimica (nom. nov.) and M. paludosa, previously treated in Phialina, Hyaloscypha and Eriopezia, respectively. The Arachnopezizaceae is polyphyletic, because Arachnoscypha forms a monophyletic group with Polydesmia pruinosa, distant to Arachnopeziza and Eriopezia; in addition, Arachnopeziza variepilosa represents an early diverging lineage in Hyaloscyphaceae s.str. The hyphae originating from the base of the apothecia in Arachnoscypha are considered anchoring hyphae (vs a subiculum) and Arachnoscypha is excluded from Arachnopezizaceae. A new genus, Resinoscypha, is established to accommodate Arachnopeziza variepilosa and A. monoseptata, originally described in Protounguicularia. Mimicoscypha and Resinoscypha are distinguished among hyaloscyphoid fungi by long tapering multiseptate hairs that are not dextrinoid or glassy, in combination with ectal excipulum cells with deep amyloid nodules. Unique to Resinoscypha is cyanophilous resinous content in the hairs concentrated at the apex and septa. Small intensely amyloid nodules in the hairs are furthermore characteristic for Resinoscypha and Eupezizella. To elucidate species limits and diversity in Arachnopeziza, mainly from Northern Europe, we applied genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using analyses of individual datasets (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α) and comparative morphology. Eight species were identified as highly supported and reciprocally monophyletic. Four of these are newly discovered species, with two formally described here, viz. A. estonica and A. ptilidiophila. In addition, Belonium sphagnisedum, which completely lacks prominent hairs, is here combined in Arachnopeziza, widening the concept of the genus. Numerous publicly available sequences named A. aurata represent A. delicatula and the confusion between these two species is clarified. An additional four singletons are considered to be distinct species, because they were genetically divergent from their sisters. A highly supported five-gene phylogeny of Arachnopezizaceae identified four major clades in Arachnopeziza, with Eriopezia as a sister group. Two of the clades include species with a strong connection to bryophytes; the third clade includes species growing on bulky woody substrates and with pigmented exudates on the hairs; and the fourth clade species with hyaline exudates growing on both bryophytes and hardwood. A morphological account is given of the composition of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae, including new observations on vital and histochemical characters
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Arachnoscypha ; epibryophytic ; genealogical species ; Helotiales ; subiculum ; type studies
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 9
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    Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 221-249
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-28
    Description: Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as ‘Nectria’ sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ancient DNA ; Ascomycota ; Hypocreales ; Illumina ; ribosomal sequences ; Sordariomycetes
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 10
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 1112–1181 (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 251-409
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum. China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta. Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora. Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis. Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis. Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber. Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ITS nrDNA barcodes ; LSU ; new taxa ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    Diversity of Backusella (Mucoromycotina) in south-eastern Australia revealed through polyphasic taxonomy (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 1-25
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Here we explore the diversity of one morphologically distinguishable genus in the Mucoromycotina, Backusella, in south-eastern Australia. We isolated more than 200 strains from locations across the states of Victoria and Tasmania. Characterization of these strains using a combination of approaches including morphology, sucrose utilization and whole genome sequencing for 13 strains, revealed 10 new species. The genetic basis for interspecies variation in sucrose utilization was found to be the presence of a gene encoding an invertase enzyme. The genus Backusella is revised and a new key for species identification produced. Given that we have more than doubled the number of species in this genus, this work demonstrates that there may be considerable undiscovered species diversity in the early diverging fungal lineages.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Backusella ; genome sequencing ; invertase ; Mucorales ; new taxa ; polyphasic taxonomy ; zygospore
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    Gymnosporangium species on Malus: species delineation, diversity and host alternation (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 68-100
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Gymnosporangium species (Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are the causal agents of cedarapple rust diseases, which can lead to significant economic losses to apple cultivars. Currently, the genus contains 17 described species that alternate between spermogonial/aecial stages on Malus species and telial stages on Juniperus or Chamaecyparis species, although these have yet to receive a modern systematic treatment. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that Gymnosporangium does not belong to the Pucciniaceae sensu stricto (s.str.), nor is it allied to any currently defined rust family. In this study we examine the phylogenetic placement of the genus Gymnosporangium. We also delineate interspecific boundaries of the Gymnosporangium species on Malus based on phylogenies inferred from concatenated data of rDNA SSU, ITS and LSU and the holomorphic morphology of the entire life cycle. Based on these results, we propose a new family, Gymnosporangiaceae, to accommodate the genus Gymnosporangium, and recognize 22 Gymnosporangium species parasitic on Malus species, of which G. lachrymiforme, G. shennongjiaense, G. spinulosum, G. tiankengense and G. kanas are new. Typification of G. asiaticum, G. fenzelianum, G. juniperi-virginianae, G. libocedri, G. nelsonii, G. nidus-avis and G. yamadae are proposed to stabilize the use of names. Morphological and molecular data from type materials of 14 Gymnosporangium species are provided. Finally, morphological characteristics, host alternation and geographical distribution data are provided for each Gymnosporangium species on Malus.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Apple rust ; host alternation ; new taxa ; species delimitation
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  • 13
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    Lactifluus (Russulaceae) diversity in Central America and the Caribbean: melting pot between realms (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 278-300
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus, and often entire sections, are typically unique to a single continent. Given these biogeographic patterns, an interesting region to study their diversity is Central America and the Caribbean, since the region is closely connected to and often considered a part of the North American continent, but biogeographically belong to the Neotropical realm, and comprises several regions with different geologic histories. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny and morphological study, this study shows that Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean harbour at least 35 Lactifluus species, of which 33 were never reported outside of this region. It was found that species from the Caribbean generally show affinities to South American taxa, while species from the Central American mainland generally show affinities to Northern hemispheric taxa. We hypothesise that host specificity and/or climate play a crucial role in these different origins of diversity. Because of these different affinities, Caribbean islands harbour a completely different Lactifluus diversity than the Central American mainland. The majority of species occurring on the islands can be considered endemic to certain islands or island groups. In this paper, detailed morphological descriptions are given, with a focus on the unique diversity of the islands, and identification keys to all hitherto described Lactifluus species occurring in Central America and the Caribbean are provided. One new section, Lactifluus sect. Nebulosi, and three new species, Lactifluus guadeloupensis, Lactifluus lepus and Lactifluus marmoratus are described.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Antilles ; Basidiomycota ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; French West Indies ; integrative taxonomy ; Latin America ; Middle America ; new taxa ; Russulales
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  • 14
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    Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 196-220
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella, P. globosa, had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Celerioriella ; five new taxa ; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata ; Olea europaea subsp. europaea ; phylogenetics ; Pseudophaeomoniella ; taxonomy ; Vredendaliella ; Xenocylindrosporium
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  • 15
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    Biological Clocks and!Rhythms in Polar Organisms (2020)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Night Marine Ecology_ Life and Light in the Dead of Night, Advances in Polar Ecology, Switzerland, Springer, pp. 217-240, ISBN: 978-3-030-33208-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Biological clocks are universal to all living organisms on Earth. Their ubiquity is testament to their importance to life: from cells to organs and from the simplest cyanobacteria to plants and primates, they are central to orchestrating life on this planet. Biological clocks are usually set by the day–night cycle, so what happens in polar regions during the Polar Night or Polar Day when there are periods of 24! hours of darkness or light? How would a biological clock function without a timekeeper!cycle? This chapter details evidence that biological clocks are central to structuring daily and seasonal activities in organisms at high latitudes. Importantly, despite a strongly reduced or absent day–night cycle, biological clocks in the Polar Night still appear to be regulated by background illumination. Here we explore evidence for highly cyclic activity, from behaviour patterns to clock gene expression, in copepods, krill and bivalves. The ultimate goal will be to understand the role of endogenous clocks in driving important daily and seasonal life cycle functions and to determine scope for plasticity in a rapidly changing environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 16
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    Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 101-131
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guangdongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. The overall data showed that Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eucalyptus ; fungal pathogen ; host jump ; Myrtaceae ; new taxa ; plantation forestry
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  • 17
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    Phylogeny and character evolution in the Dacrymycetes, and systematics of Unilacrymaceae and Dacryonaemataceae fam. nov. (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 161-205
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes, based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S, and ATP6 DNAregions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes, from a supermatrix strategy using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on a concatenated dataset, to coalescence-based calculations, such as quartet-based summary methods of independent single-locus trees, and Bayesian integration of single-locus trees into a species tree under the multispecies coalescent. We evaluate for the first time the taxonomic usefulness of some cytological phenotypic characters, i.e., vacuolar contents (vacuolar bodies and lipid bodies), number of nuclei of recently discharged basidiospores, and pigments, with especial emphasis on carotenoids. These characters, along with several others traditionally used for the taxonomy of this group (basidium shape, presence and morphology of clamp connections, morphology of the terminal cells of cortical/ marginal hyphae, presence and degree of ramification of the hyphidia), are mapped on the resulting phylogenies and their evolution through the class Dacrymycetes discussed. Our analyses reveal five lineages that putatively represent five different families, four of which are accepted and named. Three out of these four lineages correspond to previously circumscribed and published families (Cerinomycetaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, and Unilacrymaceae), and one is proposed as the new family Dacryonaemataceae. Provisionally, only a single order, Dacrymycetales, is accepted within the class. Furthermore, the systematics of the two smallest families, Dacryonaemataceae and Unilacrymaceae, are investigated to the species level, using coalescence-based species delimitation on multilocus DNAdata, and a detailed morphological study including morphometric analyses of the basidiospores. Three species are accepted in Dacryonaema, the type, Da. rufum, the newly combined Da. macnabbii (basionym Dacrymyces macnabbii), and a new species named Da. macrosporum. Two species are accepted in Unilacryma, the new U. bispora, and the type, U. unispora, the latter treated in a broad sense pending improved sampling across the Holarctic
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Carotenoids ; coalescence analyses ; cytology ; Dacrymycetes ; Dacryonaema ; species delimitations ; Unilacryma
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  • 18
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    Studies in Oberonia 8 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae). Additional 24 new synonyms, a corrected spelling, and other nomenclatural matters (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 188-203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: The following 24 new synonyms in the orchid genus Oberonia are proposed, correct name (synonym(s)): O. aporophylla (O. longirepens); O. bertoldii (O. gracillima, O. laeta); O. bifida (O. celebica, O. fissiglossa); O. brunoniana (O. wallichii, O. saintberchmansii); O. costeriana (O. vulcanica); O. ensiformis (O. vesiculifera); O. griffithiana (O. khuongii); O. heliophila (O. asperula, O. rivularis, O. inversiflora, O. hosokawai); O. obcordata (O. menghaiensis); O. pachyphylla (O. janae); O. pachystachya (O. trignonoglossa); O. rhizomatosa (O. repens, O. torana, O. ponapensis, O. chenii, Hippeophyllum microphyllum); O. spathipetala (O. odontopetala, O. pectinata). Oberonia anicpita is not a distinct name introduced by Náves in F.M.Blanco but an orthographic variant of O. anceps, itself a synonym of O. lycopodioides. The spelling of several species epithets in honour of Takahide Hosokawa, a man, are corrected to hosokawai: Carpesium hosokawae (Asteraceae), Glochidion hosokawae (Phyllanthaceae), Pandanus hosokawae (Pandanaceae), Psychotria hosokawae (Rubiaceae), Eria hosokawae, Microtatorchis hosokawae, Habenaria hosokawae, Moerenhoutia hosokawae (all Orchidaceae).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; nomenclature ; taxonomic vandalism ; typification ; variability
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  • 19
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    Phylogenetic analysis of the Calamus javensis complex (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) in Malesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 205-211
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: A phylogenetic analysis on specimen level was made in possible support of a multivariate analysis of the Calamus javensis complex. Nine species, at some time recognized within the complex, and several recognisable forms were included. The phylogenetic markers used were the nuclear 5S spacer (5S nrDNA) and the chloroplast Maturase K (matK). The Bayesian analysis showed that only 5S provided some resolution. The 50 % majority rule consensus showed one major polytomy with a few supported groups, which were mainly morphologically unsupported pairs of specimens. However, one group, the form C. tenompokensis (the only distinct group in a multivariate analysis) is morphologically distinct and phylogenetically monophyletic and can be recognized as a species. Of all other recognizable forms, we only consider C. acuminatus to be regarded as a variety as it was not supported in the morphometric analysis.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Calamoideae ; Calamus javensis ; chloroplast DNA ; intraspecific variation ; matK ; molecular phylogeny ; nuclear DNA ; paraphyletic ; rattan
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  • 20
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    A morphological and phylogenetic evaluation of Marasmius sect. Globulares (Globulares-Sicci complex) with nine new taxa from the Neotropical Atlantic Forest (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 240-277
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: The largest and most recently emended Marasmius sect. Globulares (Globulares-Sicci complex) has increased in number of species annually while its infrasectional organization remains inconclusive. During forays in remnants of theAtlantic Rainforest in Brazil, 24 taxa of Marasmius belonging to sect. Globulares were collected from which nine are herein proposed as new: Marasmius altoribeirensis, M. ambicellularis, M. hobbitii, M. luteoolivaceus, M. neotropicalis, M. pallidibrunneus, M. pseudoniveoaffinis, M. rhabarbarinoides and M. venatifolius. We took this opportunity to evaluate sect. Globulares sensuAntonín & Noordel. in particular, combining morphological examination and both single and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using LSU and ITS data, including Neotropical samples to a broader and more globally distributed sampling of over 200 strains. Three different approaches were developed in order to better use the genetic information via Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses. The implementation of these approaches resulted in: i) the phylogenetic placement of the new and known taxa herein studied among the other taxa of a wide sampling of the section; ii) the reconstruction of improved phylogenetic trees presenting more strongly supported resolution especially from intermediate to deep nodes; iii) clearer evidence indicating that the series within sect. Sicci and sect. Globulares in the traditional concept are non-monophyletic by this more stringent evaluation; and iv) the existence of several monophyletic suprespecific groups equivalent to the stirpes of Singer – clusters of morphologically similar species. These two latter points corroborate with findings of previous studies implementing analyses with the entire genus. Based on these results, we proposed a new infrasectional classification elevating Singer’s concept of stirpes to series. Thirteen new series, the emendation of three extant series and three subsections gathering these series based on the major clades are proposed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Agaricales ; Marasmiaceae ; Neotropics ; phylogenetics ; stirpes ; systematics ; taxonomy
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  • 21
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    Flora of Singapore precursors, 19: Nomenclatural notes on Artabotrys (Annonaceae) and Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 179-187
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-25
    Description: During the preparation of the accounts of Artabotrys (Annonaceae) and Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) for the Flora of Singapore, the types of all relevant names were evaluated. New lectotypes are designated for A. suaveolens and M. maingayi and a second-step lectotypification is performed for M. elegans. The citation of a lectotype locality is corrected for A. costatus and the citation of an isolectotype is improved for A. maingayi. We also clarify the previous use of the term ‘type’ to designate specimens that are in fact lectotypes for several names in Magnolia.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Annonaceae ; Artabotrys ; lectotypification ; Magnoliaceae ; nomenclature ; Singapore
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  • 22
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    A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Luzon Island, the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 102-103
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Llavac, Quezon Province in Luzon Island, the Philippines, is proposed here, namely Freycinetia nonatoi. Freycinetia nonatoi is characterized by a lobed auricle of the sheath with conspicuous spines on the margins and bright yellow bracts. These three morphological features distinguish it from the nearest species, F. sumatrana. The discovery of F. nonatoi also marks the first record of a member of the section Auriculifoliae with spiny margins.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Auriculifoliae ; Freycinetia ; Luzon ; Pandanaceae ; Philippines ; Quezon
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  • 23
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    Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis (Asparagaceae), a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 121-125
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis, a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India, is described with accompanying photos and relevant taxonomic data. It differs from var. macrophylla from Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim, Northeast India, mainly by the staminal corona internally protruding near the middle (vs internally upright corona without a particular inward protrusion), shorter anthers somewhat divergent distally (vs nearly upright anthers), and longer, papillulate pistils exceeding the anthers (vs glabrous pistils not exceeding the anthers).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asparagaceae ; Eastern Himalayas ; floral structure ; new variety ; Peliosanthes macrophylla ; taxonomy
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  • 24
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    New species and a new record of Pterichis sect. Pterichis (Orchidaceae) from Bolivia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 212-218
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Pterichis comprises about 40 species distributed from Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. The species grow as terrestrial plants usually in paramo and subparamo, but there are also reports of populations in high montane forest. In this paper the complete enumeration of the six Bolivian representatives of the orchid genus Pterichis sect. Pterichis is presented.A total of four new species are described and one new record, P. aragogiana, for the country is reported. An updated key to the species of the nominal section of Pterichis from Bolivia is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Andes ; biodiversity ; Neotropics ; new record for Bolivia ; Pterichis aragogiana ; Pterichis fuentesii ; Pterichis lunatilabia ; Pterichis obcordatilabia ; Pterichis vasquezii
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  • 25
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    Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 69-74
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Inversodicraea pygmaea G.Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important PlantAreas approach.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Bowal ; conservation ; Furcaria ; Guinea Highlands ; Hibiscus ; Important Plant Areas ; Simandou
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  • 26
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    A new and unusual species of Dichaea (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 61-64
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: A new and florally unusual species of the genus Dichaea is described and illustrated from Costa Rica, where it is apparently endemic, and its relationships are discussed. Dichaea auriculata is compared with the group of species close to D. graminoides, from which it can be distinguished by the lip with a long isthmus, provided with two rounded auricles at the base, instead of the sessile lip typical of the group. It is also compared with another Costa Rican endemic in the same complex, D. gracillima, from which it can be distinguished by the autogamous, mostly cleistogamous, flowers, the 3-lobed lip with rounded basal lobes, the high keel along the lip isthmus, and the bifid ligule of the column. Notes on the habitat and the ecology of the new species are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; autogamy ; Dichaeopsis ; Flora of Costa Rica ; new species ; plant diversity ; section Pseudodichaea
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  • 27
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    Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), a new species from Vietnam (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 90-93
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), discovered at the south central coast of Vietnam, is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species in the family to 26, of which four occur in Vietnam. The notes on distribution, habitat and etymology are given and a preliminary conservation assessment is provided. The species is compared with O. vietnamica, with which it shares flowers of similar size and colours, but from which it is readily distinguished by a narrow and strongly reflexed dorsal sepal and spreading lateral sepals, not supporting the labellum. Notes with additional comparisons to all species with a similar arrangement of lateral sepals are also provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Orchidantha grandiflora ; Orchidantha inouei ; Orchidantha vietnamica ; Phú Yên province ; south central coast of Vietnam ; vulnerable ; Zingiberales
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  • 28
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    Impatiens marroninus, a new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 10-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-19
    Description: Impatiens marroninus Utami (Balsaminaceae), collected from Sumatra, Indonesia, is described and illustrated as a new species. The species belongs to subg. Impatiens sect. Kathetophyllon. It is characterized by opposite or whorled leaves, yellow flowers with red maroon stripes in the upper part of the two lateral petals, dark green leaves and the lower sepal deeply navicular and constricted into a short curved spur. This combination of morphological characters was previously unknown. Detailed description, illustration, phenology, IUCN conservation assessment and ecology of the species are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Balsaminaceae ; endemic ; Impatiens ; Indonesia ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 29
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    Key to the families and genera of Malesian Euphorbiaceae in the wide sense (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 53-60
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-15
    Description: Identification keys are provided to the different families in which the Euphorbiaceae are split after APG IV. Presently, Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, Pandaceae, Peraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae and Putranjivaceae are distinguished as distinct families. Within the families, keys to the different genera occurring in the Malesian area, native and introduced, are presented. The keys are to be tested and responses are very welcome.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; keys ; Pandaceae ; Peraceae ; Phyllanthaceae ; Picrodendraceae ; Putranjivaceae
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  • 30
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    New species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in the Philippines and an updated key (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 1-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-16
    Description: The number of named Philippine species of the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae-Thomsonieae) amounts to 13 today. Three existing species names (not included in this count) cannot be attributed to presently recognized species for lack of their holotypes, which were all destroyed in WWII. Five new species are described here and an identification key to all species recognized from the Philippines is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Amorphophallus ; Araceae ; identification key ; new species ; Philippines ; taxonomy
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    In memoriam Willem F. Prud'homme van Reine (3 April 1941 – 21 March 2020) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. i-ix
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
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  • 32
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    On the morphological variation of Rafflesia cantleyi (Rafflesiaceae) on Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 75-82
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: In Peninsular Malaysia, Rafflesia is represented by seven species of which R. kerrii (and R. su-meiae) stands out distinctly from the other five. The other five species, R. azlanii, R. cantleyi, R. parvimaculata, R. sharifahhapsahiae and R. tuanku-halimii, are collectively close enough to each other to be referred to as the R. cantleyi complex after its first-described species, R. cantleyi. Pulau Tioman has a population of R. cantleyi, which, because of its island location, is isolated from the mainland complex. This study was conducted to determine morphological variation in a selected location in Pulau Tioman. Twelve flowers were studied with respect to characteristics such as wart (blotch) pattern on perianth lobes, warts (dots) on upper surface of the diaphragm, shape of the aperture, shape of processes and types of ramenta. These are the characters that have been used to define species in the R. cantleyi complex. The variation in the local Tioman population was compared with the variation in the R. cantleyi complex on the mainland, which is about the same magnitude. This supports the idea that R. cantleyi is a single highly polymorphic species and that the species that have been described in the R. cantleyi complex should be reduced to varieties.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; morphology ; Pulau Tioman ; Rafflesia cantleyi complex ; variability
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  • 33
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    Taxonomic revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 167-175
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: A revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra is presented. Eight species are recognized, including two newly described species (D. bandaharense and D. pilosa). Akey to the eight species, descriptions and distribution maps of each species and illustrations of newly described species are provided. A neotype for D. incrassata is designated.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Dehaasia ; Lauraceae ; revision ; Sumatra ; taxonomy
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  • 34
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    A systematic revision of the vulnerable mangrove genus Pelliciera (Tetrameristaceae) in equatorial America (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 107-120
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: Pelliciera is a genus of mangrove trees with distinct showy flowers with five petals subtended by two large foliaceous bracts. The genus, thought to be monotypic, only containing P. rhizophorae, was classified recently in the small diverse family, the Tetrameristaceae. This distinctive genus occurs in a relatively restricted distribution in Central and northern South America in the Atlantic-East Pacific region. In this recent decade, two varietal forms have been reported across its range, of which one appears to be a colour morph referred to much earlier as P. rhizophorae var. benthamii. The taxonomic status of the earlier morph was, however, insufficient to warrant individual recognition at the time, so the genus remained monotypic with no varietal forms. The aim of this treatment has been to review the systematic history of the genus, to thoroughly re-assess available observations and to re-evaluate the current taxonomic status. In conclusion, the genus is recognised now as having two closely related species, described here as P. benthamii along with a redefined P. rhizophorae. Characters such as leafy bract colour, leaf dentition and petal shape used in their discrimination are provided, along with notes on the ecology, phenology, a diagnostic key, and a revised distribution map that displays the oddly overlapping occurrences.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Atlantic-East Pacific ; Central America ; conservation ; mangrove ; morphometrics ; nectar ; Pelliciera benthamii ; Pelliciera rhizophorae ; phenology ; pollen ; South America ; Tetrameristaceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Timonius eremiticus (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 104-106
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: Timonius eremiticus, a new species from Mount Pulgar, Palawan Island, the Philippines, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to T. flavescens but is characterized by membranous to chartaceous leaves with 2–4 pairs of lateral nerves, ivory-white corolla, bracteate staminate inflorescences bearing bracteolate flowers, 5-petaled pistillate flowers, (sub)globose fruits that are round and not 4-angled, and pyrenes being obliquely radiated in cross-section of fruits. Timonius eremiticus is assessed as Critically Endangered following IUCN criteria. Buod (Wikang Filipino)   Inilarawan at iginuhit sa lathalaing ito ang Timonius eremiticus na isang bagong espesye ng halaman na matatagapuan sa Bundok Pulgar sa pulo ng Palawan sa Pilipinas. Ito ay kawangis ng T. flavescens subalit natatangi dahil sa mga malalamad o malapapel nitong mga dahon na may dalawa o hanggang apat na pares ng nerbiyong lateral, kulay garing na mga talulot, brakteadong istaminate na mga inflorescence at bulaklak, mga pistiladong bulaklak na may limang talulot, (mala)bilugang mga bunga na hindi nakalundo sa apat, at mga pyrene na oblikong naka-radiate sa pahalang na hati ng mga bunga. Ang Timonius eremiticus ay itinataya rin na lubos nang nanganganib na maubos alinsunod sa mga pamantayan ng IUCN.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; endemic ; Guettardeae ; Mount Pulgar ; Palawan ; Rubiaceae ; Timonius
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    In memoriam David G. Frodin (8 April 1940 – 12 August 2019) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. xi-xviii
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Taxonomic notes on Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 12-24
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: Descriptions of five Trigonostemon species in the Philippines (four endemic) are updated with taxonomic notes based on herbarium collections and field observations. A new species of Trigonostemon is described. All species treated here are illustrated with photos. The formerly uncertain species, T. stenophyllus, is now synonymized with T. filiformis. In addition to T. pentandrus, three more Trigonostemon species are reported to cohabit with ants. A new identification key and an updated identification list of Trigonostemon species in the Philippines are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; Philippines ; revision ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
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  • 38
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    The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 126-161
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany’s colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three collectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Angola ; botanical exploration ; German explorers ; plant collections
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Maesa brevipedicellata (Primulaceae), a new species from Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 83-85
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Maesa brevipedicellata, a new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated based on herbarium specimen observations. The collections of this species resemble M. rufovillosa and were previously determined as that species. Maesa brevipedicellata is unique with its selfsupporting habit, hispid hairs throughout and paniculate inflorescences with very short pedicels. This new species mainly differs from M. rufovillosa by the habit (tree/shrub in M. brevipedicellata vs climber in M. rufovillosa) and the inflorescence structure (panicles in M. brevipedicellata vs simple racemes in M. rufovillosa).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Ericales ; Maesa ; Malesia ; Myrsinaceae ; new species ; Papuasia ; taxonomy
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    The Pleuranthodium (Zingiberaceae) of Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 95-101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Three species of Pleuranthodium were encountered and collected during a survey of gingers at Mount Wilhelm, Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. Based on new material, the only previously known Pleuranthodium from this area, P. piundaundense, is described in more detail highlighting new diagnostic characters and its known distribution range is expanded based on identification of older specimens at Edinburgh from two other provinces. Two species so far only known from Mount Wilhelm could not be identified after studying all protologues, types and material from several herbaria. These are here described as new species, P. corniculatum and P. sagittatum. A key with both floral and vegetative characters is provided to all three species. Pleuranthodium corniculatum is distinct in having apical appendages on the calyx, and P. sagittatum has a wrinkled calyx. All species are described and illustrated, and conservation assessments are made.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Chimbu ; Eastern Highlands ; Pleuranthodium corniculatum ; Pleuranthodium piundaundense ; Pleuranthodium sagittatum ; taxonomy ; Zingiberaceae
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    A new species of Eurystyles (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 65-68
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Eurystyles comprises about 23 species ranging from Mexico to northernArgentina. Six species are recognized in Mexico and Central America and three in Costa Rica. A new species, named E. uxoris, is here described and illustrated based on Costa Rican material. The species is similar to Eurystyles auriculata and E. standleyi, however, it differs by the smaller plants up to 3 cm tall, smaller leaves of less than 1.6 cm long, flowers with brown dorsal sepal and brown lip apex, petals callose or thickened at apex, and a pandurate lip. Information about distribution, habitat, ecology, etymology and phenology of the new species is provided. An updated key to the Costa Rican species of Eurystyles is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eurystyles auriculata ; Eurystyles cornu-bovis ; Eurystyles standleyi ; floristics ; neotropics ; taxonomy
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    Senecio beltranii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae): a new caespitose species endemic to South Peru (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 162-166
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Senecio beltranii, a new species of Asteraceae (Senecioneae) belonging to S. ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi, is described from the highland mountains of southern Peru. Morphologically, S. beltranii is similar to S. algens, but can easily be distinguished by its subshrub matt-forming habit, the presence of scattered papillose trichomes on stems and leaves, its pinnatilobate leaf shape, larger involucre and pedicel length, calycular bracts nearly glabrous, larger phyllary length and by the larger number of phyllaries. The major differences between the species are outlined in a morphological comparison table and discussed. The IUCN status is defined as Vulnerable (VU).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asteraceae ; Senecio subser. Caespitosi ; South America ; taxonomy
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    Three new combinations in Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae), an endemic genus from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 86-89
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Three new species combinations are made under Villaria for the Philippine endemics Hypobathrum coriaceum, H. multibracteatum and H. purpureum. Morphological features of these three Hypobathrum species revealed a closer resemblance with Villaria than with Hypobathrum, as the three Philippine endemics possess a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation; a character that is not found in any genera of Octotropideae except in Villaria. Lectotypes and a neotype are selected.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Hypobathrum ; Ixoroideae ; Octotropideae ; Philippine endemics ; Rubiaceae ; Villaria
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    A taxonomic revision of Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) outside Malesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 25-52
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: The Trigonostemon species outside Malesia are taxonomically revised based on herbarium collections and fresh material. The research history in the concerning regions, i.e., the Indian subcontinent (including S India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar), China, Thailand, Indochina, NE Australia and New Caledonia, is briefly summarised. A total of 32 species are accepted (including one doubtful species) and 17 names are newly treated as synonyms. Trigonostemon montanus is newly described for India. Regional identification keys, nomenclature, descriptions, geographic distributions and taxonomic notes are provided. Together with our previous work, the genus is now fully revised. A total of 59 species are accepted. A full identification list of all Trigonostemon collections seen is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; identification ; morphological revision ; non-Malesian ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
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  • 45
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    Monthly to seasonal prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature with statistical models constructed from observations and data from the Kiel Climate Model (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: We explore the predictability of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and the potential influence of climate model bias on SST predictions over the tropical Atlantic. Two statistical methods are used to examine the skill in forecasting tropical Atlantic SST anomalies (SSTAs): linear inverse modeling (LIM) and analogue forecast (AF). The statistical models are trained either with observations or with data from two control integrations of the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), which only differ with respect to the resolution of its atmospheric component. Observed SSTAs suggest that Tropical Atlantic climatic changes are potentially predictable at lead times of up to 6 months over large parts of the Tropical Atlantic. The SSTAs from the KCM version employing a high-resolution atmosphere model (KCM-HRES) is potentially predictable at a level comparable to that derived from the observations, whereas the SSTAs from the KCM version employing a low-resolution atmosphere model (KCM-LRES) is considerably less potentially predictable. We show that the enhanced potential predictability in the former KCM version can be very likely related to the improved representation of ENSO-like dynamics and its seasonality. We used the statistical models in true forecast mode, i.e. the prediction schemes were trained from data independent of the forecast period. Using observed SSTAs to train the LIM yields significant skill in forecasting observed SSTAs at lead times of up to 4 months across all calendar months, which is mostly restricted to the northern and equatorial western Tropical Atlantic. Similar patterns, but with lower skill, are found when the models’ SSTAs are used, in which LIM trained with the KCM-HRES generally yields higher skills than that from the KCM-LRES. Applying AF yields significant skills in predicting observed SSTAs over the same regions, but the forecast skills are considerably smaller. When the SSTAs together with either sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies or dynamic sea level (DSL) anomalies from the KCM are used to construct the statistical models, the prediction of observed equatorial Atlantic SSTAs can be improved, with significant skill enhancement at lead times of up to 4 months in limited regions. An optimal initial SSTA pattern is found, which results in the largest transient anomaly growth over the entire domain. Independent of external forces, this amplification is developed internally; meaning that the seasonal forecast might be more sensitive to initial conditions than currently thought.
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    Combining 3D seismics, eyewitness accounts and numerical simulations to reconstruct the 1888 Ritter Island sector collapse and tsunami (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The 1888 Ritter Island volcanic sector collapse triggered a regionally damaging tsunami. Historic eyewitness accounts allow the reconstruction of the arrival time, phase and height of the tsunami wave at multiple locations around the coast of New Guinea and New Britain. 3D seismic interpretations and sedimentological analyses indicate that the catastrophic collapse of Ritter Island was preceded by a phase of deep-seated gradual spreading within the volcanic edifice and accompanied by a submarine explosive eruption, as the volcanic conduit was cut beneath sea level. However, the potential impact of the deep-seated deformation and the explosive eruption on tsunami genesis is unclear. For the first time, it is possible to parameterise the different components of the Ritter Island collapse with 3D seismic data, and thereby test their relative contributions to the tsunami. The modelled tsunami arrival times and heights are in good agreement with the historic eyewitness accounts. Our simulations reveal that the tsunami was primarily controlled by the displacement of the water column by the collapsing cone at the subaerial-submarine boundary and that the submerged fraction of the slide mass and its mobility had only a minor effect on tsunami genesis. This indicates that the total slide volume, when incorporating the deep-seated deforming mass, is not directly scalable for the resulting tsunami height. Furthermore, the simulations show that the tsunamigenic impact of the explosive eruption energy during the Ritter Island collapse was only minor. However, this relationship may be different for other volcanogenic tsunami events with smaller slide volumes or larger magnitude eruptions, and should not be neglected in tsunami simulations and hazard assessment.
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    Investigating the role of faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate formation along the southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The Hikurangi Margin off the east coast of the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) is a tectonically active subduction zone and the location of New Zealand’s largest gas hydrate province. Faults are internally complex volumetric zones that may play a significant role in the migration of fluids beneath the seafloor. The combined processes of deformation and fluid migration result in the formation of concentrated hydrate accumulations along accretionary ridges. It is not fully understood to what extent faults control fluid migration along the Hikurangi Margin, and whether deep-seated thrust faults provide a pathway for thermogenic gas to migrate up from sources at depth. Using 2D models based on seismic data from the region we investigated the role of thrust faults in facilitating fluid migration and contributing to the formation of concentrated gas hydrates. By altering permeability properties of the fault zones in these transient state models we can determine whether faults are required to act as fluid flow pathways. In this study we focus on two study sites offshore southern Wairarapa, using realistic yet simplified fault geometries derived from 2D seismic lines. The results of these models allow us to start to disentangle the complex relationship between fault zone structure, permeability, geometry, fluid migration and gas hydrate formation. Based on the model outputs we propose that faults act as primary pathways facilitating fluid migration and are critical in the formation of concentrated gas hydrate deposits.
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    Aquatic biosecurity remains a damp squib (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
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  • 49
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    Deepening of Future Aleutian Low in Ensemble Global Warming Simulations with the Kiel Climate Model (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: We project changes of the Aleutian Low (AL) under global warming using ensemble simulations with a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model, the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). In the global warming simulations, the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increases by 1% per year from the preindustrial level of 286.2 ppm to a quadruple value in 140 years. Results from the 40 members of an ensemble simulation show an intensification of the AL such that ensemble mean North Pacific Index (NPI) is decreased by 2.71 hPa. It is also accompanied with an expansion of the AL to north. While the effect of weakened land-ocean thermal contrast and SST warming in the eastern tropical Pacific on the AL strength are relatively weak and marginally significant, sea ice loss in the marginal seas of the North Pacific, such as the Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk, increases the surface air temperature and makes pressure lower over the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands. Especially, sea ice loss in the Okhotsk Sea drives the SLP change around the Aleutian Islands and contributes to the strengthening of the AL.
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    Intracellular pH regulation in mantle epithelial cells of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Shell formation and repair occurs under the control of mantle epithelial cells in bivalve molluscs. However, limited information is available on the precise acid–base regulatory machinery present within these cells, which are fundamental to calcification. Here, we isolate mantle epithelial cells from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and utilise live cell imaging in combination with the fluorescent dye, BCECF-AM to study intracellular pH (pHi) regulation. To elucidate the involvement of various ion transport mechanisms, modified seawater solutions (low sodium, low bicarbonate) and specific inhibitors for acid–base proteins were used. Diminished pH recovery in the absence of Na+ and under inhibition of sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) implicate the involvement of a sodium dependent cellular proton extrusion mechanism. In addition, pH recovery was reduced under inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. These data provide the foundation for a better understanding of acid–base regulation underlying the physiology of calcification in bivalves.
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    Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms Are Predictors of Microbiome Diversity in Distinct Host Groups (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Biodiversity is generally believed to be a main determinant of ecosystem functioning. This principle also applies to the microbiome and could consequently contribute to host health. According to ecological theory, communities are shaped by top predators whose direct and indirect interactions with community members cause stability and diversity. Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are a neglected group of predatory bacteria that feed on Gram-negative bacteria and can thereby influence microbiome composition. We asked whether BALOs can predict biodiversity levels in microbiomes from distinct host groups and environments. We demonstrate that genetic signatures of BALOs are commonly found within the 16S rRNA reads from diverse host taxa. In many cases, their presence, abundance, and especially richness are positively correlated with overall microbiome diversity. Our findings suggest that BALOs can act as drivers of microbial alpha-diversity and should therefore be considered candidates for the restoration of microbiomes and the prevention of dysbiosis.
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    Discovery of numerous pingos and comet-shaped depressions offshore southwestern Taiwan (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: High-resolution bathymetry collected with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the flanks of three ridges of the accretionary prism offshore southwestern (SW) Taiwan revealed more than 650 elongated depressions in water depths ranging from 1155 to 1420 m. The depressions are between 12 and 129 m long, 5 to 70 m wide, and up 9 m deep at their center and shallowing downslope to about 1-m depth. Due to their shape in downslope cross section, they are termed comet-shaped depressions (CSD). The CSD occur in patches of more than 100 with densities of 53 to 98 CSD/km2. In addition, seven topographic mounds were mapped and interpreted as pingos, which remotely operate vehicle (ROV) observations and sampling show to be covered with authigenic carbonate. These features overlie areas where multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) profiles show bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) and dipping strata extending from below the BSR to near the seafloor. We consider comet-shaped depression, a new type of pockmark, forms on a sloping seafloor where fluids expulsion occurred. We also suggest that the two types of distinctive geomorphic features are attributed to fluid venting which occurs at different rates, with the mounds developing slowly over time, but the CSD forming in discrete events perhaps associated with large earthquakes.
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    Genome analysis of the marine bacterium Kiloniella laminariae and first insights into comparative genomics with related Kiloniella species (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Kiloniella laminariae is a true marine bacterium and the first member of the family and order, the Kiloniellaceae and Kiloniellales. K. laminariae LD81T (= DSM 19542T) was isolated from the marine macroalga Saccharina latissima and is a mesophilic, typical marine chemoheterotrophic aerobic bacterium with antifungal activity. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the similarity of K. laminariae LD81T not only with three validly described species of the genus Kiloniella, but also with undescribed isolates and clone sequences from marine samples in the range of 93.6–96.7%. We report on the analysis of the draft genome of this alphaproteobacterium and describe some selected features. The 4.4 Mb genome has a G + C content of 51.4%, contains 4213 coding sequences including 51 RNA genes as well as 4162 protein-coding genes, and is a part of the Genomic Encyclopaedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) project. The genome provides insights into a number of metabolic properties, such as carbon and sulfur metabolism, and indicates the potential for denitrification and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Comparative genome analysis was performed with K. laminariae LD81T and the animal-associated species Kiloniella majae M56.1T from a spider crab, Kiloniella spongiae MEBiC09566T from a sponge as well as Kiloniella litopenai P1-1 from a white shrimp, which all inhabit quite different marine habitats. The analysis revealed that the K. laminariae LD81T contains 1397 unique genes, more than twice the amount of the other species. Unique among others is a mixed PKS/NRPS biosynthetic gene cluster with similarity to the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of syringomycin.
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    Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water coral mounds off Brazil (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Cold-water corals (CWC), dominantly Desmophyllum pertusum (previously Lophelia pertusa), and their mounds have been in the focus of marine research during the last two decades; however, little is known about the mound-forming capacity of other CWC species. Here, we present new 230Th/U age constraints of the relatively rarely studied framework-building CWC Solenosmilia variabilis from a mound structure off the Brazilian margin combined with computed tomography (CT) acquisition. Our results show that S. variabilis can also contribute to mound formation, but reveal coral-free intervals of hemipelagic sediment deposits, which is in contrast to most of the previously studied CWC mound structures. We demonstrate that S. variabilis only occurs in short episodes of 〈 4 kyr characterized by a coral content of up to 31 vol%. In particular, it is possible to identify distinct clusters of enhanced aggradation rates (AR) between 54 and 80 cm ka−1. The determined AR are close to the maximal growth rates of individual S. variabilis specimens, but are still up to one order of magnitude smaller than the AR of D. pertusum mounds. Periods of enhanced S. variabilis AR predominantly fall into glacial periods and glacial terminations that were characterized by a 60–90 m lower sea level. The formation of nearby D. pertusum mounds is also associated with the last glacial termination. We suggest that the short-term periods of coral growth and mound formation benefited from enhanced organic matter supply, either from the adjacent exposed shelf and coast and/or from enhanced sea-surface productivity. This organic matter became concentrated on a deeper water-mass boundary between South Atlantic Central Water and the Antarctic Intermediate Water and may have been distributed by a stronger hydrodynamic regime. Finally, periods of enhanced coral mound formation can also be linked to advection of nutrient-rich intermediate water masses that in turn might have (directly or indirectly) further facilitated coral growth and mound formation.
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    The Tsunami Inundation Hazard of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean Sea): A Submarine Landslide and Earthquake Tsunami Scenario Study (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The tsunami hazard for the Maltese Islands is poorly defined, and historic records are available for only two recent events. Most of the population and touristic infrastructure of the archipelago is concentrated along the eastern low-lying coastline, which is exposed to tsunamis from near-field and far-field sources. In this study we present a scenario-based tsunami inundation study to assess the impact of potential significant cases. We simulated four scenarios—two submarine landslide sources (outer Malta Plateau slide and Gela Basin slide) and two earthquake sources mimicking events comparable to the 365 A.D. western Hellenic Arc event and the 1693 south-east of Sicily event. We find that all scenarios cause inundation in densely populated low-lying bays or rias of Mellieha Bay, Xemxija, Salini, Gzira, Msida, Marsaskala, St Thomas Bay, Marsaxlokk and Birzebbuga. The largest inundation extents and flow depths (〉 10 m) are produced by the two landslide sources and the western Hellenic Arc earthquake. Of interest is the role of the Malta Escarpment and Sicily in amplifying and reflecting tsunami waves, and in generating consistent hot spots along the eastern coastline of Malta.
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    Steam and Flame Applications as Novel Methods of Population Control for Invasive Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Control strategies for established populations of invasive alien species can be costly and complex endeavours, which are frequently unsuccessful. Therefore, rapid-reaction techniques that are capable of maximising efficacy whilst minimising environmental damage are urgently required. The Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774), and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771), are invaders capable of adversely affecting the functioning and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems. Despite efforts to implement substantial population-control measures, both species continue to spread and persist within freshwater environments. As bivalve beds often become exposed during low-water conditions, this study examined the efficacy of steam-spray (≥100 °C, 350 kPa) and open-flame burn treatments (~1000 °C) to kill exposed individuals. Direct steam exposure lasting for 5 min caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea buried at a depth of 3 cm. Further, combined rake and thermal shock treatments, whereby the substrate is disturbed between each application of either a steam or open flame, caused 100% mortality of C. fluminea specimens residing within a 4-cm deep substrate patch, following three consecutive treatment applications. However, deeper 8-cm patches and water-saturated substrate reduced maximum bivalve species mortality rates to 77% and 70%, respectively. Finally, 100% of D. polymorpha specimens were killed following exposure to steam and open-flame treatments lasting for 30 s and 5 s, respectively. Overall, our results confirm the efficacy of thermal shock treatments as a potential tool for substantial control of low-water-exposed bivalves. Although promising, our results require validation through upscaling to field application, with consideration of other substrate types, increased substrate depth, greater bivalve densities, non-target and long-term treatment effects.
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    Unveiling assumptions through interdisciplinary scrutiny: Observations from the German Priority Program on Climate Engineering (SPP 1689) (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The interdisciplinary exchange in climate engineering research offers a unique opportunity to make assumptions more explicit for such research projects. While making assumptions explicit is the standard in all disciplinary sciences, some assumptions in the context of societal challenges can only be usefully unveiled, discussed, and verified from the perspective of other research disciplines. Results from successful interdisciplinary collaborations are then more accessible and more generalizable to actors beyond the confines of the academic community. We aim to illustrate how interdisciplinary exchange helps to unveil assumptions in research endeavors and why this is important for successful interdisciplinary collaborations. We therefore follow different stages of the German Priority Program on Climate Engineering (SPP 1689), which we use as an example case of a successful interdisciplinary project. SPP 1689 focused on risks, challenges, and opportunities of Climate Engineering from the perspectives of numerous disciplines. Major results were that the initial assessments of technologies had to be sobered, the consideration of trade-offs is crucial for the potential assessment, and governance issues appeared larger than previously considered. From the reflections of SPP 1689, we conclude with three lessons learned: (1) The project profited from egalitarian organizational structures and communicative practices, preventing the predominance from single disciplines. (2) Within the project continuous efforts were undertaken to foster interdisciplinary understanding. In addition, the flexible project structure allowed for the accommodation of research needs arising as a result of these exchanges. (3) SPP 1689 offered early career researchers a platform for professional exchange on common challenges and best practices of being a part of an interdisciplinary research project.
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    Dispersal mitigates bacterial dominance over microalgal competitor in metacommunities (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Ecological theory suggests that a combination of local and regional factors regulate biodiversity and community functioning in metacommunities. The relative importance of different factors structuring communities likely changes over successional time, but to date this concept is scarcely documented. In addition, the few studies describing successional dynamics in metacommunity regulation have only focused on a single group of organisms. Here, we report results of an experimental study testing the effect size of initial local community composition and dispersal between local patches on community dynamics of benthic microalgae and their associated bacteria over community succession. Our results show that over time dispersal outweighed initial effects of community composition on microalgal evenness and biomass, microalgal β-diversity, and the ratio of bacteria to microalgae. At the end of the experiment (ca. 20 microalgae generations), dispersal significantly decreased microalgal evenness and β-diversity by promoting one regionally superior competitor. Dispersal also decreased the ratio of bacteria to microalgae, while it significantly increased microalgal biomass. These results suggest that the dispersal-mediated establishment of a dominant and superior microalgae species prevented bacteria from gaining competitive advantage over the autotrophs in these metacommunities, ultimately maintaining the provision of autotrophic biomass. Our study emphasizes the importance of time for dispersal to be a relevant community-structuring mechanism. Moreover, we highlight the need for considering multiple competitors in complex metacommunity systems to properly pinpoint the consequences of local change in dominance through dispersal for metacommunity function.
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    Hans Peter Cornelius (1888–1950): a perfect mapping geologist and scientific explorer of the Alps (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Hans Peter Cornelius was a squeamishly and accurately mapping field geologist with an eye for the finest detail as well as for the large-scale architectural structure of mountain ranges. His excellent work concerned the Rhaetian and Allgau Alps, South Tyrol, the Valais and Ticino in Switzerland and many regions in Austria. His publications on the Err-Julier Group, the Insubric Line, the Grossglockner Group, the Rax-Schneeberg Group, the alpine Grauwackenzone, and the Penninic series of the Western and Eastern Alps became particularly important.
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    Small copepods of the deep South Adriatic Pit: diversity, seasonal and multi-annual dynamics, and implications from the regional hydrography (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: In order to expand the fragmentary knowledge on the interactions between the environment and copepod distribution in the deep offshore Adriatic Sea, microcopepod assemblages were investigated during 31 cruises in the 1200-m deep central part of the South Adriatic Pit (SAP), from May 1998 to December 2009. Samples were collected in 8 depth layers, using a 53-μm mesh Nansen net equipped with a closing system. The taxonomic composition and vertical and temporal distributions of copepod abundances were analyzed, considering naupliar stages for all species combined, total calanoid copepodites, copepodite stages and adults separately for oithonids and oncaeids, and all post-naupliar stages combined of harpacticoids and mormonilloids. Corycaeid copepods are not considered in the present study. Data are presented for 41 non-calanoid copepod species, as well as for 7 undetermined morphospecies. Within the family Oncaeidae, four species new to the Adriatic Sea fauna are registered. Nauplii were generally the numerically dominant group, especially in the upper epipelagic layers, where they outnumbered all total post-naupliar stages by a factor of an average 3.5. Oncaeids were notably abundant, accounting in total post-naupliar copepods for an average proportion of 33% in the upper 50 m and 74% between 300- and 400-m depth. In the epipelagic zone, copepod abundances were enhanced by the cyclonic circulation which enriches the central part of the SAP with new primary production. A strong advection of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) influenced the post-naupliar abundances also in mesopelagic and deeper layers, by promoting the sinking of heavy water mass from the connected middle Adriatic sub-basin which enhances the trophic conditions and transports new organisms into the deeper layers of the SAP. Therefore, the variability in copepod abundances was influenced not only by the seasonal temperature fluctuations but also by the productivity conditions in the SAP which are connected to the movements of regional water masses and the resulting effects on the internal Adriatic circulation.
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    Revisiting remote drivers of the 2014 drought in South-Eastern Brazil (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: South-Eastern Brazil experienced a devastating drought associated with significant agricultural losses in austral summer 2014. The drought was linked to the development of a quasi-stationary anticyclone in the South Atlantic in early 2014 that affected local precipitation patterns over South-East Brazil. Previous studies have suggested that the unusual blocking was triggered by tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and, more recently, by convection over the Indian Ocean related to the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Further investigation of the proposed teleconnections appears crucial for anticipating future economic impacts. In this study, we use numerical experiments with an idealized atmospheric general circulation model forced with the observed 2013/2014 SST anomalies in different ocean basins to understand the dominant mechanism that initiated the 2014 South Atlantic anticyclonic anomaly. We show that a forcing with global 2013/2014 SST anomalies enhances the chance for the occurrence of positive geopotential height anomalies in the South Atlantic. However, further sensitivity experiments with SST forcings in separate ocean basins suggest that neither the Indian Ocean nor tropical Pacific SST anomalies alone have contributed significantly to the anomalous atmospheric circulation that led to the 2014 South-East Brazil drought. The model study rather points to an important role of remote forcing from the South Pacific, local South Atlantic SSTs, and internal atmospheric variability in driving the persistent blocking over the South Atlantic.
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    Miocene syn-rift evolution of the North Croatian Basin (Carpathian–Pannonian Region): new constraints from Mts. Kalnik and Požeška gora volcaniclastic record with regional implications (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Mts. Kalnik and Požeška gora volcaniclastic sequences hold valuable information concerning the Miocene syn-rift evolution of the North Croatian Basin, and the evolution of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region and the Central Paratethys. We present volcanological, high-precision geochronological, and compositional data of volcanic glass to constrain their tephrochronology, magmatic provenance, and timing of the initial Central Paratethys flooding of the North Croatian Basin. Based on CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb zircon ages (18.060 ± 0.023 Ma for Mt. Kalnik and 15.345 ± 0.020 Ma for Mt. Požeška gora) and coeval 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages (18.14 ± 0.38 Ma and 18.25 ± 0.38 Ma for Mt. Kalnik and 15.34 ± 0.32 Ma and 15.43 ± 0.32 Ma for Mt. Požeška gora), Mt. Kalnik rhyolitic massive ignimbrites and Mt. Požeška gora rhyolitic primary volcaniclastic turbidites are coeval with Carpathian–Pannonian Region Miocene post-collisional silicic volcanism, which was caused by lithospheric thinning of the Pannonian Basin. Their affiliation to Carpathian–Pannonian Region magmatic activity is supported by their subduction-related geochemical signatures. Although Mts. Kalnik and Požeška gora volcaniclastics are coeval with the Bükkalja Volcanic Field Csv-2 rhyolitic ignimbrites, North Alpine Foreland Basin, Styrian Basin, Vienna Basin, and Dinaride Lake System bentonites and volcaniclastic deposits, reliable tephrochronological interpretations based on comparison of volcanic glass geochemical composition are not possible due to a lack of data and/or methodological discrepancies. Our new high-precision geochronology data prove that the initial Middle Miocene (Badenian) marine flooding of parts of the North Croatian Basin occurred at least ~ 0.35 Ma (during the NN4 Zone) before the generally accepted ~ 15 Ma maximum flooding age at the basin scale, calibrating the timing of the onset of the widespread “mid-Langhian” Central Paratethys flooding.
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    Resolving and Parameterising the Ocean Mesoscale in Earth System Models (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Purpose of Review: Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for improved parameterisations to represent the ocean mesoscale. Recent Findings: The majority of centres participating in CMIP6 employ ocean components with resolutions of about 1 degree in their full Earth System models (eddy-parameterising models). In contrast, there are also models submitted to CMIP6 (both DECK and HighResMIP) that employ ocean components of approximately 1/4 degree and 1/10 degree (eddy-present and eddy-rich models). Evidence to date suggests that whether the ocean mesoscale is explicitly represented or parameterised affects not only the mean state of the ocean but also the climate variability and the future climate response, particularly in terms of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the Southern Ocean. Recent developments in scale-aware parameterisations of the mesoscale are being developed and will be included in future Earth System models. Summary: Although the choice of ocean resolution in Earth System models will always be limited by computational considerations, for the foreseeable future, this choice is likely to affect projections of climate variability and change as well as other aspects of the Earth System. Future Earth System models will be able to choose increased ocean resolution and/or improved parameterisation of processes to capture physical processes with greater fidelity.
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    Freshening rather than warming drives trematode transmission from periwinkles to mussels (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: In the Western Baltic Sea, climate change is happening at much faster rate than in most other seas and organisms are additionally exposed to a steep and variable salinity gradient. Climate change has previously been shown to affect parasite transmission in other marine ecosystems, yet little is known about potential effects of warming and desalination on parasite–host interactions. In laboratory experiments, we determined the combined effects of projected seawater warming and freshening on the emergence, activity, survival, and infectivity of cercariae (free-swimming infectious stage) of the trematode Himasthla elongata (Mehlis 1831), shed from its first intermediate host, the periwinkle Littorina littorea (Linnaeus 1758), in the Baltic Sea. We also assessed the susceptibility of the second intermediate host, the mussel Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758, to cercarial infections. Generally, salinity was the main driver, particularly of cercarial activity, infectivity, and mussel susceptibility to infection. At the lowest salinity (13), cercariae were 50% less active compared to the highest salinity (19). Infection success and host susceptibility followed a similar pattern, with 47% and 43% less metacercariae (encysted stage) present at salinity 13 than at salinity 19, respectively. In contrast, effects of simulated warming were found only for cercarial survival, with cercarial longevity being higher at 19 than at 23 °C. No significant interactions between temperature and salinity were found. In contrast to the literature, the results suggest that a climate change-driven freshening (partly also warming) may lead to a general decline of marine trematodes, with possible beneficial effects for the involved hosts.
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    Colonisation success of introduced oysters is driven by wave-related exposure (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The Pacific oyster, Magallana gigas, is an extremely successful invader with established populations in marine and estuarine habitats almost all over the world. Ecological implications of the introduction of this species to indigenous communities are well documented. However, the processes by which this species successfully establishes in a recipient community is still insufficiently understood. The early detection of the oyster at the island of Helgoland (North Sea) provided the ideal opportunity to investigate whether physical mechanisms, such as wave-exposure, influence their successful colonisation. We hypothesized that oyster colonisation benefits from wave-protected conditions. For this purpose, we evaluated colonisation success of M. gigas among wave-protected sites and wave-exposed sites along the island's pier system. The densities of M. gigas were significantly higher at wave-protected sites than at wave-exposed sites, and the frequency distributions of oyster lengths indicated better growth and higher survival rates in the harbours. This higher colonisation success at wave-protected sites may be explained by the relative retention time of water masses in the harbours, probably resulting in both reduced larval drift and lower energy demands for secretion formation (i.e. firmer binding to the substrate). The fact that the density of M. gigas can vary greatly on small spatial scales depending on exposure corroborates a multiple exposure sampling approach to monitor oyster populations in order to avoid potential overestimations of population sizes in given areas.
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    Microbial diversity of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii in response to anthropogenic activities (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Establishment of adequate conservation areas represents a challenging but crucial task in the conservation of genetic diversity and biological variability. Anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems and organisms are steadily increasing. Whether and to what extent these pressures influence marine genetic biodiversity is only starting to be revealed. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we analysed the microbial community structure of 33 individuals of the habitat-forming glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii, as well as reference seawater, sediment, and biofilm samples. We assessed how two anthropogenic impacts, i.e. habitat destruction by trawling and artificial substrate provision (moorings made of composite plastic), correspond with in situ V. pourtalesii microbiome variability. In addition, we evaluated the role of two bottom fishery closures in preserving sponge-associated microbial diversity on the Scotian Shelf, Canada. Our results illustrate that V. pourtalesii sponges collected from pristine sites within fishery closures contained distinct and taxonomically largely novel microbial communities. At the trawled site we recorded significant quantitative differences in distinct microbial phyla, such as a reduction in Nitrospinae in sponges and environmental references. Individuals of V. pourtalesii growing on the mooring were significantly enriched in Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria in comparison to sponge individuals growing on the natural seabed. Due to a concomitant enrichment of these taxa in the mooring biofilm, we propose that biofilms on artificial substrates may ‘prime’ sponge-associated microbial communities when small sponges settle on such substrates. These observations likely have relevant management implications when considering the increase of artificial substrates in the marine environment, e.g., marine litter, off-shore wind parks, and petroleum platforms.
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    Inverse response of 231Pa/230Th to variations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic intermediate water (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: This study aims to provide a more detailed understanding of the behavior of 231Pa/230Th under varying ocean circulation regimes. The North Atlantic provides a unique sedimentary setting with its ice-rafted detritus (IRD) layers deposited during glacial times. These layers have been found north of 40° N (Ruddiman Belt) and are most pronounced during Heinrich Stadials. Most of these sediments have been recovered from the deep North Atlantic basin typically below 3000 m water depth. This study reports sedimentological and sediment geochemical data from one of the few sites at intermediate depth of the open North Atlantic (core SU90-I02, 45° N 39° W, 1965 m water depth) within the Ruddiman Belt. The time periods of Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2 of this core were identified with the help of the major element composition by XRF scanning and by IRD counting. Along the core profile, the sedimentary 231Pa/230Th activity ratio has been measured as a kinematic proxy for the circulation strength. The 231Pa/230Th record shows highest values during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, above the natural production ratio of these isotopes. During Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2, when Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was most reduced, the 231Pa/230Th record shows overall lowest values below the production ratio. This behavior is contrary to classical findings of 231Pa/230Th from the northwestern Atlantic where a strong Holocene circulation is associated with low values. However, this behavior at the presented location is in agreement with results from simulations of the 231Pa/230Th-enabled Bern3D Earth system model.
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    Weakened SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean since 2000 (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: A prominent weakening in equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability, occurring around the year 2000, is investigated by means of observations, reanalysis products and the linear recharge oscillator (ReOsc) model. Compared to the time period 1982–1999, during 2000–2017 the May–June–July SST variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has decreased by more than 30%. Coupled air–sea feedbacks, namely the positive Bjerknes feedback and the negative net heat flux damping are important drivers for the equatorial Atlantic interannual SST variability. We find that the Bjerknes feedback weakened after 2000 while the net heat flux damping increased. The weakening of the Bjerknes feedback does not appear to be fully explainable by changes in the mean state of the tropical Atlantic. The increased net heat flux damping is related to an enhanced response of the latent heat flux to the SST anomalies (SSTa). Strengthened trade winds as well as warmer SSTs are suggested to increase the air–sea specific humidity difference and hence, enhancing the latent heat flux response to SSTa. A combined effect of those two processes is proposed to be responsible for the weakened SST variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The ReOsc model supports the link between reduced SST variability, weaker Bjerknes feedback and stronger net heat flux damping.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    High CO2 and warming affect microzooplankton food web dynamics in a Baltic Sea summer plankton community (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems face a multitude of environmental stressors, including warming and acidification. While warming is expected to have a pronounced effect on plankton communities, many components of the plankton seem fairly robust towards realistic end-of-century acidification conditions. However, interactions of the two stressors and the inclusion of further factors such as nutrient concentration and trophic interactions are expected to change this outcome. We investigated the effects of warming and high CO2 on a nutrient-deplete late summer plankton community from the Kiel Fjord, Baltic Sea, using a mesocosm setup crossing two temperatures with a gradient of CO2. Phytoplankton and microzooplankton (MZP) growth rates as well as biomass, taxonomic composition, and grazing rates of MZP were analysed. We observed effects of high CO2, warming, and their interactions on all measured parameters. The occurrence and direction of the effects were dependent on the phytoplankton or MZP community composition. In addition, the abundance of small-sized phytoplankton was identified as one of the most important factors in shaping the MZP community composition. Overall, our results indicate that an estuarine MZP community used to strong natural fluctuations in CO2 can still be affected by a moderate increase in CO2 if it occurs in combination with warming and during a nutrient-deplete post-bloom situation. This highlights the importance of including trophic interactions and seasonality aspects when assessing climate change effects on marine zooplankton communities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Cold-water coral reefs thriving under hypoxia (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Reefs formed by scleractinian cold-water corals represent unique biodiversity hot spots in the deep sea, preferring aphotic water depths of 200–1000 m. The distribution of the most prominent reef-building species Lophelia pertusa is controlled by various environmental factors including dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperature. Consequently, the expected ocean deoxygenation and warming triggered by human-induced global change are considered as a serious threat to cold-water coral reefs. Here, we present results on recently discovered reefs in the SE Atlantic, where L. pertusa thrives in hypoxic and rather warm waters. This sheds new light on its capability to adapt to extreme conditions, which is facilitated by high surface ocean productivity, resulting in extensive food supply. Putting our data in an Atlantic-wide perspective clearly demonstrates L. pertusa’s ability to develop population-specific adaptations, which are up to now hardly considered in assessing its present and future distributions.
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    Biological Activities of Two Major Copaiba Diterpenoids and Their Semi-synthetic Derivatives (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Salinity Blases and the Variablity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in GFDL-CM3 (2020)
    Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the Meridional Freshwater Transport (Mov) at 24°N, 11°S, and 30°S, simulated with the GFDL-CM3 model under the historical (1860–2005) and RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios (2006–2100) are examined. The results are compared with the climatology and observations in the search for salinity biases that would compromise the accuracy of the state of the future climate predicted by this model. The AMOC wavelet analysis shows a predominant decadal variability at 24°N, whereas the annual signal is more prominent in the South Atlantic. The Mov magnitude varies considerably among the latitudes: increasing at 24°N, rather stable at 11°S and decreasing at 30°S. Such a pattern is followed by an AMOC weakening regardless of the latitude until the end of the 21st century, indicating that a reduction in Mov in the southern South Atlantic and an increase in the North Atlantic are potential drivers of the AMOC destabilization. Both model and observations agree on the stability of the circulation, even though the model projects a stronger AMOC than the latter. Besides the AMOC weakening, a shoaling of its upper limb is also observed. Salinity biases were found mostly in the South Atlantic in the upper 1000 m of the water column, with the model results significantly deviating from the observations and climatology in the mid-Atlantic, especially at 30°S. Possible causes for the abovementioned results, including potential drivers for salinity biases are discussed.
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    Walker Circulation controls ENSO Atmospheric Feedbacks in Uncoupled and Coupled Climate Model Simulations (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Many climate models strongly underestimate the two most important atmospheric feedbacks operating in El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the positive (amplifying) zonal surface wind feedback and negative (damping) surface-heat flux feedback (hereafter ENSO atmospheric feedbacks, EAF), hampering realistic representation of ENSO dynamics in these models. Here we show that the atmospheric components of climate models participating in the 5th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) when forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SST), already underestimate EAF on average by 23%, but less than their coupled counterparts (on average by 54%). There is a pronounced tendency of atmosphere models to simulate stronger EAF, when they exhibit a stronger mean deep convection and enhanced cloud cover over the western equatorial Pacific (WEP), indicative of a stronger rising branch of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC). Further, differences in the mean deep convection over the WEP between the coupled and uncoupled models explain a large part of the differences in EAF, with the deep convection in the coupled models strongly depending on the equatorial Pacific SST bias. Experiments with a single atmosphere model support the relation between the equatorial Pacific atmospheric mean state, the SST bias and the EAF. An implemented cold SST bias in the observed SST forcing weakens deep convection and reduces cloud cover in the rising branch of the PWC, causing weaker EAF. A warm SST bias has the opposite effect. Our results elucidate how biases in the mean state of the PWC and equatorial SST hamper a realistic simulation of the EAF.
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    The effects of electrical heating and additives on the microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-22
    Print ISSN: 1007-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0607
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Solvent Effects on Skin Penetration and Spatial Distribution of the Hydrophilic Nitroxide Spin Probe PCA Investigated by EPR (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-17
    Description: Oxidative stress occurs in extrinsic skin aging processes and diseases when the enhanced production of free radicals exceeds the homeostatic antioxidant capacity of the skin. The spin probe, 3-(carboxy)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl (PCA), is frequently used to study the cutaneous radical production by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This approach requires delivering PCA into the skin, yet solvent effects on the skin penetration and spatial distribution of PCA have not been thoroughly investigated. Three solvents of ethanol, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ethanol-PBS (1:1) were studied. For both human and porcine skin ex vivo, the amount of PCA in the stratum corneum (SC) was the lowest when using ethanol and very similar for PBS and ethanol-PBS. The highest amount of PCA in the viable skin layers was detected for ethanol-PBS, yet it only took up less than 5% of the total amount. The majority of PCA was localized in the SC, among which PCA with high mobility was predominantly distributed in the hydrophilic microenvironment of corneocytes and PCA with lower mobility was mainly in the less hydrophilic microenvironment of intercellular skin lipids. A higher ethanol concentration in the solvent could improve the distribution of PCA in the hydrophilic microenvironments of the SC. The results suggest that ethanol-PBS (1:1) is best-suited for delivering most PCA deep into the skin. This work enhances the understanding of solvent effects on the skin penetration and distribution of PCA and supports the utilization of PCA in studying cutaneous radical production.
    Print ISSN: 1085-9195
    Electronic ISSN: 1559-0283
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The business analysis on the home-bias of E-commerce consumer behavior (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1389-5753
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9362
    Topics: Economics
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    Review of Rare Earth Elements as Fertilizers and Feed Additives: A Knowledge Gap Analysis (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-03
    Description: Rare earth elements (REEs) are key constituents of modern technology and play important roles in various chemical and industrial applications. They also are increasingly used in agricultural and zootechnical applications, such as fertilizers and feed additives. Early applications of REEs in agriculture have originated in China over the past several decades with the objective of increasing crop productivity and improving livestock yield (e.g., egg production or piglet growth). Outside China, REE agricultural or zootechnical uses are not currently practiced. A number of peer-reviewed manuscripts have evaluated the adverse and the positive effects of some light REEs (lanthanum and cerium salts) or REE mixtures both in plant growth and in livestock yield. This information was never systematically evaluated from the growing body of scientific literature. The present review was designed to evaluate the available evidence for adverse and/or positive effects of REE exposures in plant and animal biota and the cellular/molecular evidence for the REE-associated effects. The overall information points to shifts from toxic to favorable effects in plant systems at lower REE concentrations (possibly suggesting hormesis). The available evidence for REE use as feed additives may suggest positive outcomes at certain doses but requires further investigations before extending this use for zootechnical purposes.
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    Spanning attack: reinforce black-box attacks with unlabeled data (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Print ISSN: 0885-6125
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0565
    Topics: Computer Science
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    Progress in the R ecosystem for representing and handling spatial data (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Twenty years have passed since Bivand and Gebhardt (J Geogr Syst 2(3):307–317, 2000. 10.1007/PL00011460) indicated that there was a good match between the then nascent open-source R programming language and environment and the needs of researchers analysing spatial data. Recalling the development of classes for spatial data presented in book form in Bivand et al. (Applied spatial data analysis with R. Springer, New York, 2008, Applied spatial data analysis with R, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, 2013), it is important to present the progress now occurring in representation of spatial data, and possible consequences for spatial data handling and the statistical analysis of spatial data. Beyond this, it is imperative to discuss the relationships between R-spatial software and the larger open-source geospatial software community on whose work R packages crucially depend.
    Print ISSN: 1435-5930
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-5949
    Topics: Geography
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    Opening practice: supporting reproducibility and critical spatial data science (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-08
    Description: This paper reflects on a number of trends towards a more open and reproducible approach to geographic and spatial data science over recent years. In particular, it considers trends towards Big Data, and the impacts this is having on spatial data analysis and modelling. It identifies a turn in academia towards coding as a core analytic tool, and away from proprietary software tools offering ‘black boxes’ where the internal workings of the analysis are not revealed. It is argued that this closed form software is problematic and considers a number of ways in which issues identified in spatial data analysis (such as the MAUP) could be overlooked when working with closed tools, leading to problems of interpretation and possibly inappropriate actions and policies based on these. In addition, this paper considers the role that reproducible and open spatial science may play in such an approach, taking into account the issues raised. It highlights the dangers of failing to account for the geographical properties of data, now that all data are spatial (they are collected somewhere), the problems of a desire for $$n$$ n  = all observations in data science and it identifies the need for a critical approach. This is one in which openness, transparency, sharing and reproducibility provide a mantra for defensible and robust spatial data science.
    Print ISSN: 1435-5930
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-5949
    Topics: Geography
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    Appropriate search techniques to estimate Weibull function parameters in a Pinus spp. plantation (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1007-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0607
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Observation of Anomalously Strong Penetration of Terahertz Electric Field Through Terahertz-Opaque Gold Films Into a GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-26
    Description: We observe an anomalously high electric field of terahertz (THz) radiation acting on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) placed beneath a thin gold film, which, however, is supposed to be opaque at THz frequencies. We show that the anomalously strong penetration of the THz electric field through a very high conductive gold film emerges if two conditions are fulfilled simultaneously: (i) the film’s thickness is less than the skin depth and (ii) the THz electric field is measured beneath the film at distances substantially smaller than the radiation wavelength. We demonstrate that under these conditions, the strength of the field acting on a 2DEG is almost the same as it would be in the absence of the gold film. The effect is detected for macroscopically homogeneous perforation-free gold films illuminated by THz laser radiation with a spot smaller than the film area. This eliminates the near field of the edge diffraction as a possible cause of the anomalous penetration. The microscopic origin of the effect remains unexplained in its details, yet. The observed effect can be used for the development of THz devices based on two-dimensional materials requiring robust highly conducting top gates placed at less than nanometer distance from the electron gas location.
    Print ISSN: 1866-6892
    Electronic ISSN: 1866-6906
    Topics: Physics
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    An effective approach for the dual-resource flexible job shop scheduling problem considering loading and unloading (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Many manufacturing systems need more than one type of resource to co-work with. Commonly studied flexible job shop scheduling problems merely consider the main resource such as machines and ignore the impact of other types of resource. As a result, scheduling solutions may not put into practice. This paper therefore studies the dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem when loading and unloading time (DRFJSP-LU) of the fixtures is considered. It formulates a multi-objective mathematical model to jointly minimize the makespan and the total setup time. Considering the influence of resource requirement similarity among different operations, we propose a similarity-based scheduling algorithm for setup-time reduction (SSA4STR) and then an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize the DRFJSP-LU. Experimental results show that the SSA4STR can effectively reduce the loading and unloading time of fixtures while ensuring a level of makespan. The experiments also verify that the scheduling solution with multiple resources has a greater guiding effect on production than the scheduling result with a single resource.
    Print ISSN: 0956-5515
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-8145
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Geochemical Characteristics and Preliminary Assessment of Geochemical Threshold Values of Technology-Critical Elements in Soils Developed on Different Geological Substrata Along the Sava River Headwaters (Slovenia, Croatia) (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    Fire-induced carbon emissions from tropical mixed broad-leaved forests of the Terai–Siwalik region, central Nepal (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-21
    Print ISSN: 1007-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0607
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Spatial variability of soil chemical properties of Moso bamboo forests of China (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Print ISSN: 1007-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0607
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Open geospatial tools for humanitarian data creation, analysis, and learning through the global lens of YouthMappers (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-22
    Print ISSN: 1435-5930
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-5949
    Topics: Geography
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    Buckling Properties of a Subsea Function Chamber for Oil/Gas Processing in Deep Waters (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: Due to the complexity of installations and connections of subsea production equipment and the massive structures involved in a challenging environment, the failure of subsea production equipment could induce enormous loss to the safety and reliability of structures in addition to the cost of the oilfield development. One of the challenges that the subsea production structures face, as it moves to ultra-deep water and polar underwater equipment, is to design subsea shell structures capable of withstanding high external pressures. Hence, a subsea function chamber (SFC) has been lately proposed as a viable solution, which has a high level of safety and reliability, and a technique for the subsea production system. This paper presents a general and efficient buckling and collapse analysis strategy. In this work, the SFC is composed of cylindrical and hemispherical shaped steel material. Initial imperfection-based nonlinear buckling analysis has been carried out to investigate the buckling and risks associated with different thicknesses of the structure. Linear and nonlinear static buckling analyses have been carried out using ABAQUS software. By introducing the nonlinear properties of materials, the nonlinear numerical model of SFC is established. The effects of the thickness of different models and the number of stiffeners on the buckling modes are discussed. The wall thickness is calculated by the Donnell equation and Timoshenko’s classical method. It has been found that the classical solutions given by the Donnell and Timoshenko equations are more accurate for structures with larger lengths and diam. The thickness and number of stiffeners have a great influence on the ultimate buckling external pressure load of SFC structure
    Print ISSN: 1671-9433
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-5048
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Walls with Sustainable Backfills (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-17
    Print ISSN: 0971-9555
    Electronic ISSN: 2277-3347
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Decay rate of Larix gmelinii coarse woody debris on burned patches in the Greater Khingan Mountains (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-05
    Description: The decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) affects the energy flow and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Previous studies on CWD have focused on the input, decomposition, reserve dynamics, and CWD functions, but coarse woody debris decomposition is complex and the results from different regions vary considerably. It is not clear which factors affect decay rate (k), especially at different decomposition stages. In this study, a single-exponential decay model was used to analyze the characteristics of CWD decomposition in Larix gmelinii forests over the 33 years following a fire in the Greater Khingan Mountains. The results show that the decay rate of coarse woody debris was positively correlated to decay class. The average decomposition rate was 0.019, and 41 years and 176 years are needed for a 50% and 95% mass loss, respectively. CWD nutrient content, density, and water content could explain the variance in the decay rate (~ 42%) of the decay factors such as amount of leaching, degree of fragmentation, respiration of the debris, and biotransformation, and varied significantly between different decay classes. Using the space–time substitution method, this study arranged the coarse woody debris of different mortality times to form a 33 year chronosequence which revealed the decomposition process. It was concluded that the decay rate was mainly explained by structural component of the debris and its nitrogen and water contents. This paper quantifies the indicators affecting CWD decay to explain the decomposition process.
    Print ISSN: 1007-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-0607
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Nutrient chemistry and seasonal variation in the groundwater quality of a Riverine Island on the west coast of Kerala, India (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: This study attempted to evaluate the groundwater quality, with a special emphasis on nutrients, of a riverine coastal island near Kodungallur, Kerala. Water quality parameters were analyzed in the collected samples over pre- and post-monsoon seasons. A considerable variation in groundwater chemistry was observed in the two periods. During pre-monsoon season, many wells were contaminated with TDS, Cl, Fe, Ca and Mg in certain locations. Whereas, post-monsoon water was relatively fresh, indicating the dilution process as well as aquifer recharge by the monsoon rain and consequent regression of saline water. A higher concentration of Fe was observed in the pre-monsoon season (41%) than in the post-monsoon season (24%). Nitrate and phosphates were analyzed to assess the nutrients and the observed concentration was below their corresponding permissible limits. Results show that overexploitation of the aquifer as well as the decreased flow of the River Periyar during the pre-monsoon period increased the threat from seawater intrusion and groundwater contamination. An interesting groundwater recharge mechanism locally known as backwashing—the diversion of rainwater from rooftops to dug wells—is being practiced in the study area and has been found to be effective in raising water levels and improving water quality.
    Print ISSN: 2363-5037
    Electronic ISSN: 2363-5045
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Competition Among Trivalent Elements (Al, Eu, Fe, Gd, Nd, Tm, and Y) for Uptake in Algae and Applicability of the Biotic Ligand Model (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-21
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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    Optimal production allocation of load-following nuclear units in an electricity market in the early stages of competition (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Print ISSN: 1868-3967
    Electronic ISSN: 1868-3975
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    Land leasing in a post-land reform context: insights from Zimbabwe (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-09
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9893
    Topics: Geography
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    Allocative efficiency analysis of wheat and cotton in district Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9893
    Topics: Geography
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    The effects of inequality on total factor productivity across districts in South Africa: a spatial econometric analysis (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9893
    Topics: Geography
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-07
    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-27
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    Publication Date: 2020-05-22
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    Print ISSN: 0343-2521
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