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  • Angiosperms  (46)
  • Triticum aestivum  (26)
  • Springer  (72)
  • Cell Press
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1985-1989  (72)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1985  (72)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (72)
  • Cell Press
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
Years
  • 1985-1989  (72)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizosphere bacteria ; Nitrogenase activity ; Triticum aestivum ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat seedlings were inoculated with rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria and grown gnotobiotically for 15 days. The growth medium consisted of semisolid agar with or without plant nutrients. The bacteria, isolated from roots of field-grown wheat, were three unidentified Gram-negative rods (A1, A2, E1), one Enterobacter agglomerans (C1) and two Bacillus polymyxa (B1, B2). A strain of Azospirillum brasilense (USA 10) was included for comparison. Nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) was tested on intact plants after 8 and 15 days of growth. In semisolid agar without plant nutrients, five isolates showed ARA of 0.01–0.9 nmol C2H4 plant−1 h−1, while the two strains of B. polymyxa had higher ARA of 3.3–10.6 nmol C2H4 plant−1 h−1. Plant development was not affected by inoculation with bacteria, except that inoculation with B. polymyxa resulted in shorter shoots and lower root weight. Transmission electronmicroscopy of roots revealed different degrees of infection. A. brasilense, A1 and A2, occurred mainly in the mucilage on the root surface and between outer epidermal cells (low infectivity). B. polymyxa strains and E1 were found in and between epidermal cells (intermediate infectivity) while E. agglomerans invaded the cortex and was occasionally found within the stele (high infectivity).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal localization of structural genes and regulators in wheat by 2D electrophoresis of ditelosomic lines (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; 2D electrophoresis ; Gene localization ; Homoeologous genes ; Genetic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Among the 782 spots observed in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of denatured proteins from etiolated wheat shoots, 185 were found to be variable between the euploid and 26 ditelosomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’. Thirty-five structural genes were located on 17 chromosome arms. Numerous intensity changes showing alterations in protein levels were observed and led to the following statements: 1) regulators are frequently found and can be assigned for a same polypeptide to various chromosome arms; 2) for most polypeptides homoeologous arms do not manifest similar effects; 3) nevertheless, when affecting the same polypeptide, homoeologous arms display in most cases identical regulatory effects; 4) gene dosage compensation is observed in only one out of four homoeoallelic situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278250
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Intrachromosomal mapping of the nucleolar organiser region relative to three marker loci on chromosome 1B of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Intrachromosomal mapping ; Nucleolar organiser region ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction enzyme digestion of the ribosomal RNA genes of the nucleolar organisers of wheat has revealed fragment length polymorphisms for the nucleolar organiser on chromosome 1B and the nucleolar organiser on 6B. Variation between genotypes for these regions has also been demonstrated. This variation has been exploited to determine the recombination frequency between the physically defined nucleolar organiser on 1B (designatedNor1) and other markers; two loci,Glu-B1 andGli-B1 which code for endosperm storage proteins andRf3, a locus restoring fertility to male sterility conditioned byT. timopheevi cytoplasm.Gli-B1 andRf3 were located on the short-arm satellite but recombine with the nucleolar organiser giving a gene order ofNor1 — Rf3 — Gli-B1. Glu-B1 is located on the long arm of 1B but shows relatively little recombination withNor1, which is, in physical distance, distal on the short arm. This illustrates the discrepancy between map distance and physical distance on wheat chromosomes due to the distal localisation of chiasmata. The recombination betweenNor1 andRf3 indicates that, contrary to previous suggestions, fertility restoration is not a property of the nucleolar organiser but of a separate locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662440
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Comparative genetic analyses of metric traits using diallel and factorial mating designs in bread wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Line × tester analysis ; Triticum aestivum ; Gene action ; Combining ability ; Mating designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For studying the inheritance of metric traits, diallel cross and factorial mating designs are commonly used. Since factorial mating design is less restrictive in crossing plans, the genetic information drawn from it was compared with that from a diallel cross. The comparison was made using graphical, genetic components and combining ability analyses for grain yield, grain weight and spike length in a field experiment of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analyses were made on a nine parent diallel cross and a 4 ♀ × 5 ♂ factorial mating design which was sampled from the diallel cross. In general, there was a high degree of agreement between the results obtained from factorial mating design and diallel cross analyses showing thereby that the former provides almost equivalent genetic information to the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662454
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 583-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins ; Glutenins ; Gliadins ; Genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Total endosperm proteins extracted from both several common wheat cultivars and some intervarietal substitution lines derived from them were fractionated according to their molecular weight in a high resolution one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The four donor cultivars and the recipient one — ‘Chinese Spring’, possessed differentially migrating protein bands in the fractions of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins and gliadins. Several of these bands were identified for the first time in this study. By utilizing intervarietal substitution lines the control of the HMW glutenins and gliadins by chromosomes of homoeologous group 1 was either reaffirmed or, for the new bands, established. Several HMW gliadin subunits showed a considerable variation in their staining intensity in the intervarietal substitution lines indicating that their expression was dependent on the genetic background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251108
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  • 6
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    Factors affecting the induction of pollen plants of intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum X Triticum-Agropyron (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 294-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anther culture ; Pollen callus (plantlet) ; Induction frequency ; Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron glaucum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experimental results showed that the use of potato extract as a basic component of culture medium had a promoting effect on producing calli in anther culture of the intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Triticum-Agropyron (intermediate type). The induction frequencies of pollen callus on the Potato-II medium containing potato extract as the main component was much higher than that found on N6 and W5 media. The induction frequencies of pollen callus and green plantlets in four intergeneric hybrid material inoculated at the late-uninucleate pollen stage were all higher than those inoculated at the mid-uninucleate stage. Appropriate increases in culture temperature significantly increased pollen callus induction frequencies of the intergeneric hybrids. The genotype and physiological state of anther donor plants also influenced pollen callus and green plantlet induction frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304914
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  • 7
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    Structural homology of endosperm high molecular weight glutenin subunits of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 634-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hexaploid wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Glutenins ; Electrophoresis ; Amino acid analysis ; Peptide mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several high molecular weight endosperm glutenin subunits, coded by genes located on chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., were isolated from excised gel segments and subjected to amino acid analysis and peptide mapping; the latter was carried out following a limited digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus — V8 protease. Generally, all high molecular weight glutenins had a similar amino acid composition but several significant differences were observed in some of them. Both analyses revealed that the structural similarity among the various subunits was related to the homology of the genes coding them: subunits coded by homoalleles, i.e., different alleles of the same gene, were most similar; those coded by homoeoalleles, i.e., alleles of homoeologous genes, were less similar; whereas subunits coded either by alleles of different genes of the same gene cluster, or by nonhomoeoalleles of homoeologous clusters, were the least similar. Several small peptides derived from protease digestion of various subunits had a higher than expected staining intensity indicating that small peptide repeats may be interspersed within the glutenin subunits. The evolutionary course of the high molecular weight glutenins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252289
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  • 8
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    Nucleolus organizer competition in Triticum aestivum — Aegilops umbellulata chromosome addition lines (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 278-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nucleolar competition ; Amphiplasty ; Ag-NORs ; Addition lines ; Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops umbellulata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleolar organizer activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) and Aegilops umbellulata (UU) chromosomes have been analyzed in the complete set of the chromosome addition lines by using a highly reproducible silver-staining procedure. Chromosomes 1U and 5U produce the partial inactivation of wheat nucleolar organizer chromosomes 6B, 1B and 5D. The chromosomes D and G from Ae. umbellulata, which are not SAT-chromosomes, seem to specifically influence the activity of wheat NORs. The predominant status of the U genome with respect to nucleolar competition in the Triticeae is confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252067
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  • 9
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    Relationships between five species ofLolium (Poaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae =Gramineae ; Lolium ; Morphology ; protein electrophoresis ; numerical methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological analysis and electrophoresis of seed proteins of fiveLolium species disclosed that they form two distinct groups corresponding to those recognized from compatibility data.Lolium temulentum andL. remotum of the self-pollinated group were shown to be distinct but closely related species. Morphological intergradation and high similarities between protein profiles ofL. perenne, L. multiflorum andL. rigidum (cross-pollinated species) suggest little genetic differentiation between these taxa. This implies that treatment at the infraspecific level might better accomodate the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985922
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  • 10
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    Development of endosperm inScrophularia himalensis with a discussion on the variation in the endosperm of the tribeScrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Scrophularieae ; Scrophularia himalensis ; Endosperm ; endosperm haustoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scrophularia himalensis has anab initio cellular endosperm. A transverse division separates a micropylar chamber from a chalazal chamber. The second division is vertical in both, the third is also vertical but at right angles to the second and restricted to the micropylar chamber just as the fourth transverse division. The four-celled micropylar haustorium is branched, highly aggressive, and persists for a long time during seed development. The bicelled chalazal haustorium is non-aggressive and is relatively short-lived. The endosperm proper is ruminate. Variation in the early ontogeny of the endosperm and the structure of endosperm haustoria in the tribeScrophularieae are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985923
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  • 11
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    Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Bambusoideae ; Bambusa ; Dendrocalamus ; Pseudostachyum ; Melocalamus ; Melocanna ; Ochlandra ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985926
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  • 12
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    Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae): Die mittel- bis kleinblütigen, drüsenhaarigen Arten (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 215-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Rhinanthoideae ; Euphrasia ; E. hirtella ; E. drosocalyx ; Infraspecific classification ; chorology of the Alpine Flora ; Flora of Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A more precise taxonomic concept ofE. hirtella and its infraspecific synonymy is presented. Its diploid nature (2n = 22) is confirmed. Within the European area ofE. hirtella five different races may be recognised: “typical”, “brandisii”, “capitulata”, “Rofan” and “Bretagne”. Taxonomic rank is not yet attributed to these races. The heterogeneous taxonomic assembly “E. drosocalyx” is disentangled. The type refers to products of hybrid introgression ofE. rostkoviana-characters (long glandular hairs) intoE. minima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985925
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  • 13
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    Enzymatic variability in the cattail (Typha angustifolia andT. latifolia, Typhaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Typhaceae ; Sparganiaceae ; Typha ; Esterases ; ADH ; GDH disc electrophoresis ; speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The enzymatic spectra ofTypha angustifolia, T. latifolia and their hybrids were examined by disc electrophoresis for three enzymatic systems: esterases, alcohol deshydrogenase, and glutamate deshydrogenase. The intermediate position of the hybrids is confirmed. The study of alcohol deshydrogenase reveales the existence of an intraspecific variability inT. angustifolia between individuals from the Massif Armoricain in France and Dellys in Algeria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985927
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  • 14
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    Variable self-compatability inNeolloydia intertexta (Cactaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 287-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Neolloydia intertexta ; Self-compatability ; pollination ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Self and outcross pollination treatments were applied toNeolloydia intertexta. Two distinct patterns of seed production were found, and are correlated with self-pollinated outcrossed treatments. The outcrossed result resembles the field exposed crop. The untouched controls produce a similar pattern to the actively selfed group. The self treatments produce substantially less seed than the outcrosses; thus, self-compatability is incomplete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985929
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  • 15
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    Heteromerikarpie und Fruchtpolymorphismus beiMicroparacaryum, gen. nov., (Boraginaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 291-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Microparacaryum gen. nov. ; Paracaryum ; Mattiastrum ; Taxonomy ; distribution maps ; heteromericarpy ; fruit polymorphism ; Flora of Western Asia (Turkey, U.S.S.R., Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microparacaryum (M. Pop. exH. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech is described as a new genus of theBoraginaceae-Cynoglosseae. It comprises the annual species hitherto included inParacaryum (DC.)Boiss. andMattiastrum (Boiss.)Brand. Distribution maps are given for all 3 genera.Microparacaryum consists of two species,M. salsum (Boiss.)Hilger & Podlech (M. s.) andM. intermedium (Fresen.)Hilger & Podlech (M. i.). ParticularlyM. i. is a very variable species, and most of the species formerly recognized belong here. Scattered all over the range of the genus, plants occur with nutlets exhibiting flat or incurved marginal wings, often in mixed populations. This fruit polymorphism is taxonomically treated by recognizing “formae”. In addition, the following new infraspecific taxa and combinations are described:M. i. var.intermedium formaparacaryoides Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum (H. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech,M. s. formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985930
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  • 16
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    Rumex bithynicus Rech. f., eine neue Art und ihre Hybriden aus der nordwestlichen Türkei (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Polygonaceae ; Rumex ; New species ; hybrids ; Turkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rumex bithynicus sp. n. (sect.Rumex) with two new hybrids from NW Turkey is close toR. alveolatus (from NE Iran, Afghanistan, NW Pakistan and Turkmenistan).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985932
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  • 17
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    Pollen ultrastructure and systematic affinities ofAnaxagorea (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 253-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; “Fusaea subfamily” ; Anaxagorea ; Meiocarpidium ; Palynology ; pollen ultrastructure ; intine extrusion ; systematic and phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract LM, SEM and TEM observations document similar palynological features for paleo- and neotropical species ofAnaxagorea. Pollen grains are solitary, heteropolar, ellipsoidal to globose, and broadly sulcate. The exine consists of a smooth and microperforated tectum, a granular to “protocolumellar” infratectal layer, and sometimes an initial, not foliated basal layer. The intine is stratified and tends to extrude with its considerably swelling alveolarfibrillar outer layer through the aperture, already inside the unopened pollen sacs. This appears as a new and irreversible harmomegathic mechanism, limited toAnaxagorea, Meiocarpidium and possibly otherAnnonaceae. These palynological data are discussed and coordinated with those from gross-morphological, anatomical, karyological, phytochemical and other studies. All this offers convincing proof for the sometimes questioned systematic and phylogenetic coherence of the widely disjunct S. & C. American and SE. Asian members ofAnaxagorea. Furthermore, a broad comparison with otherAnnonaceae genera demonstrates somewhat closer links ofAnaxagorea with several small and relictual African genera, i.e.Meiocarpidium andPolyceratocarpus, but alsoLettowianthus andPiptostigma;Cleistopholis andAmbavia are more isolated. These genera which exhibit many “primitive” features are provisionally arranged under “tribe I” of the so-called “Fusaea subfamily”. There are loose affinities with “tribe II”, an assembly of more advanced and widespread, often proliferating generic groups, including the S. AsianCananga, the pantropicalXylopia (withPseudannona from Mauritius), a possible link toAnaxagorea and “tribe I”, and the S. AsianGoniothalamus (with the AustralasianRichella s. str. and the W. AfricanNeostenanthera andBoutiquea); the neotropicalFusaea andDuckeanthus apparently are more remote. Because of relationships to several otherAnnonaceae groups and difficulties with its circumscription and definition, the maintainance of the “Fusaea subfamily” as a whole appears questionable.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985928
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  • 18
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    Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae):E. alpina undE. christii (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Rhinanthoideae ; Euphrasia ; E. alpina ; E. christii ; E. cisalpina ; Chorology and history of the Alpine flora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomic affinities, circumsciription and racial differentiation ofE. alpina and its infraspecific synonymy are considered. Its diploid nature is confirmed. The yellow-floweringE. christii is also diploid (2n = 22, first account). A detailed comparison withE. alpina (Figs. 1–2) suggests the rank of subspecies only, and gives no hints as to its suggested hybrid origin. The distribution of the two taxa is documented in maps (Figs. 3–5).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984151
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  • 19
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    DasFestuca vivipara-Problem in den Alpen (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 19-45 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Festuca vivipara ; F. ovina subsp.supina ; Chromosome numbers ; external morphology ; anatomy ; ecology ; distribution ; phylogeny ; Flora of the Central and Eastern Alps ; of Austria ; Slovenia ; N. Italy ; Switzerland ; and Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The differences betweenFestuca vivipara (tetraploid) andF. ovina subsp.supina (diploid), two often confused taxa, are demonstrated in regard to morphology, leaf anatomy, ecology and distribution. New maps illustrate the distribution ofF. vivipara in the Alps and the Northern Hemisphere. The development of different polyploidy levels withinF. vivipara as a consequence of occasional sexual processes is discussed. (English Summary on p. 39.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984152
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  • 20
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    Pollen morphology inLinum sect.Macrantholinum (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum ; sect.Macrantholium ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen of the two distylous species which make upLinum sect.Macrantholinum differs from that of other distylous species in the genus in being multiporate and in having much more modest differences in exine sculpturing between grains from long- and short-styled plants. Pollen morphology does not help in relating the two species to others in the genus but does support their retention in a separate section.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984154
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  • 21
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    Karyotaxonomic analysis of the genusBunium (Umbelliferae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 71-88 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) ; Bunium ; Chromosome numbers ; karyotypes ; karyosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for 23 species of the genusBunium, distributed mainly in Middle Asia and Transcaucausia. The great diversity of basic chromosome numbers is unusual for a genus ofUmbelliferae: x = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, and 6. This series obviously has to be interpreted as descending dysploidy. Infraspecific aneuploidy was found in three species, but there are no B-chromosomes or polyploidy. The karyotypes of 18 species are described, using two morphometric chromosome parameters, centromere position and relative length (Table 2), and illustrated (Figs. 2–4). Species vary greatly in their karyotype asymmetry (20.4–45.9%). Chromosome numbers and structures appear to be useful in the karyotaxonomical and biogeographical analysis of the genus.
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    Evolutionary trends in the androecium of theOrchidaceae (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 119-134 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Androecium morphology ; pollination ; evolutionary trends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of the androecium in theOrchidaceae shows three major trends. There is a progressive trend in the degree of fusion of the filament(s) and staminode(s) to the gynoecium. Secondly, there is a reduction in the number of fertile anthers. Finally, there is a progressive change in the position of the base of the anther relative to the apex of the stigma; in the more primitive orchids the apex of the stigma is always higher than the base of the anther (this position is reversed in the higher orchids). All three trends reflect variation in the evolution of pollen dispersal and pollen reception mechanisms in theOrchidaceae. Trends in the evolution of the orchid anther(s) tend to parallel trends in the evolution of their pollinaria.
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    Relationships between three species ofFestuca sect.Bovinae (Poaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 135-140 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae =Gramineae ; Festuca sect. ; Bovinae ; Seed protein electrophoresis ; morphology ; numerical analysis ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed protein electrophoresis confirms the existence of polymorphism among hexaploid populations ofFestuca arundinacea. Both protein and morphological results suggest thatF. pratensis andF. arundinacea should retain independent specific status. High protein homology of these two species withF. gigantea points towards phylogenetic links between these taxa.
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    Eine neue Untergattung vonGymnocalycium (Cactaceae): SubgenusPirisemineum (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 149-153 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Gymnocalycium subgen ; Pirisemineum ; subgen. nov. ; Flora of Bolivia ; Argentina and Paraguay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new subgenus ofGymnoalycium is described; its distribution and position within the genus are briefly discussed.
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    Scanning electron microscopy of pollen grains of some species of the genusArum (Araceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 211-216 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Araceae ; Arum spp. div. ; Pollen ; scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary report is given on the pollen morphology of eight species of the genusArum examined by scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are spheroidal and their sporoderm sculpture possesses spines. The species vary mainly in number, shape and distribution of the spines on the pollen surface and these characters can be used to differentiate them.
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    Distinctions betweenHordeum bulbosum andH. murinum s.l. in seed and herbarium collections (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 205-210 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Hordeum bulbosum ; H. murinum ; Seed collections ; lodicule characters ; spikelet morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is sometimes necessary to identify eitherH. bulbosum orH. murinum on the basis of the inflorescence or “seeds” alone. The majority of taxonomic keys use the presence of swollen basal culms for the former against the annual habit for the latter. Confusion is due to similarities in inflorescences and spikelet morphology. Lodicules which always persist and are present beside the fruit in a mature caryopsis, and other characters such as the awns of the lemmas of the lateral spikelets enable conclusive distinction.
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    Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of central Chile II. effect of temperature on visitation rates and pollination possibilities (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 187-203 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Pollination ecology ; visitation rates ; pollination along altitudinal gradient ; Flora of Chile, of the Andes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Visitation rates and mean numbers of visits per flower per day are determined at three altitudinal levels (2 200–3 600 m) in the high Andes of central Chile from quantified observations of flowers visitors to a total of 134 species of plants, studied over three flowering seasons. Significant altitudinal decreases in the mean no. visits/flower/minute and per day were recorded, with Level III flowers, on the average, being pollinated only about 1/2 as frequently and to as low as 1/4 as frequently in certain months, as Level I flowers. Visitation rates are generally highest in early and mid-summer at all altitudes. — The lower visitation rates at the higher elevations are due to lower insect abundance relative to plant resources and lower levels of activity for the insects present, stemming from the generally lower ambient temperatures. Seasonal differences in visitation rates may also be related to differences in insect abundance levels. The total probability of ovule pollination cannot be estimated directly from the pollination rates, because stigmas are probably receptive for longer periods at the higher elevations. When differences in the duration of stigma receptivity are estimated from differences in flower lifelength, the probability of pollination in Level III is not very different from that expected in Level I. However, for some months, the deficit in Level III may still be substantial. — These results underline the inherent dangers of predicting pollination possibilities directly from pollination rates. They also suggest that the impoverished pollination conditions assumed in hypotheses predicting higher amounts of self-compatibility at high altitudes might not be justified for all high temperate mountains.
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    Further flavonoid studies onAttalea species and some related cocosoid palms (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 233-239 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Palmae ; Arecaceae ; Cocosoideae ; Attalea ; Scheelea ; Orbignya ; Flavones ; flavonols ; flavone C-glycosides ; flavonoid sulphates ; chemosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a flavonoid survey of direct and hydrolysed leaf extracts of sixteenAttalea, sevenScheelea and fourOrbignya species free tricin, tricin 7-glycosides, tricin 5-glucoside and flavone C-glycosides were the most frequent constituents; present in 100, 89, 70, and 81% of species, respectively. Luteolin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were each found in only 15% of the sample. The present results confirm the findings of a previous survey thatAttalea, Scheelea andOrbignya are chemically heterogeneous with as much variation between species as between genera. Furthermore, threeAttalea species,A. allenii, A. guaranitica andA. victoriana showed some infraspecific variation. On the other hand all three accessions ofA. ferruginea and six ofA. geraensis examined gave identical flavonoid profiles. The results support the view thatA. geraensis andA. guaranitica are closely related but do not support the suggested close relationship based on morphology betweenA. oleifera, A. burretiana andA. piassabossu.
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    Chemotaxonomical investigations of the generaBlackstonia andCentaurium (Gentianaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 253-286 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Gentianaceae ; Centaurium ; Blackstonia ; Secoiridoid glucosides ; xanthories ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanolic extracts from aerial parts and capsules of plants of 5 populations ofBlackstonia perfoliata and 99 populations of nine European and two AmericanCentaurium species (Gentianaceae) have been screened by means of TLC for the secoiridoid glucosides: sweroside, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and the m-hydroxybenzoyl esters of sweroside, namely centapicrin, desacetylcentapicrin, decentapicrin A and B as well as for the xanthones: 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5,6,7-tetramethoxyxanthone and xanthone-β-mono-glucosides. The taxonomical significance of the results is discussed. On the basis of chemotaxonomical evidence twoCentaurium species,C. pulchellum andC. tenuiflorum, are placed in sect.Parviflora instead of sect.Centaurium subsect.Parviflora.
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    Pollenfertility and seed formation in theOrnithogalum umbellatum/angustifolium complex (Liliaceae/Scilloideae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 287-297 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Hyacinthaceae ; Scilloideae ; Ornithogalum ; O. umbellatum ; O. angustifolium ; Polyploid complex ; pollen shape ; pollen fertility ; seed formation ; seedlings ; weather circumstances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pollen fertility and seed formation of six species of theOrnithogalum umbellatum/angustifolium complex and of seven related species were studied. Four types of pollen grains could be recognized. The pollen fertility varied greatly in this complex and is not related to the ploidy level. The seed formation ofO. umbellatum showed an adaptation to a subcontinental-Mediterranean climate, that ofO. angustifolium to an Atlantic climate. In both cases raindrops seem to be important for pollination, in view of the absence of insect pollinators. After open pollination 113 seedlings were obtained in four species. Their chromosome numbers were determined. Nearly all the cultivated seedlings were aneuploid, which points to a positive selection of euploids in nature, because aneuploid individuals are rare in the wild.
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    Comparative fecundity of morphs in a mixed monoclinous-andromonoecious population ofWurmbea dioica subsp.alba (Liliaceae) in Western Australia (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 299-302 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Wurmbea ; Monocliny ; andromonoecy ; morph ratios ; seed set ; ovule production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A population ofWurmbea dioica subsp.alba in Western Australia contained monoclinous and andromonoecious individuals in roughly equal proportions. The average number of flowers per inflorescence for the former was 2.6 and for the latter 2.9, with its terminal flower staminate. Ovule number and seed production per perfect flower of both morphs decreased progressively from lower to upper flowers in the inflorescence. Two-flowered monoclinous individuals had a greater percentage of ovules maturing to seed than did threeflowered ones, but seed production of the latter exceeded that of the former. No differences in percent seed set or in seed production were noted for similar individuals of andromonoecious individuals. Although monoclinous and andromonoecious plants apparently contributed equally to the pollen pool, seed production of the former exceeded that of the latter. Thus, the energetic costs of monocliny exceed those of andromonoecy in this population.
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    Exkret-Flavonoide bei Höheren Pflanzen arider Gebiete (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 83-88 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Epicuticular layer ; leaf resins ; flavonoid aglycones ; distribution ; arid habitat ; ecological functions ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Flavonoids generally occur in higher plants as water-soluble glycosides. However, lipophilic flavonoid aglycones can be excreted by glandular trichomes or extruded through the cuticle. They are accumulated on the plant surface as constituents of leaf resins or thin epicuticular layers. External flavonoid aglycones are found in various families throughout the higher plants, but appear to be most abundant in theAsteraceae. They occur relatively frequently in plants of (semi-)arid habitats. It is advantageous for chemotaxonomic studies that the structural diversity of exudate flavonoids is normally greater than that of the tissue glycosides in these plants.
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    Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexAntennaria neodioica (Asteraceae: Inuleae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 143-163 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Compositae ; Inuleae ; Antennaria ; Polyploidy ; compilospecies ; agamospermy ; dioecy ; agamic complex ; phenetics ; numerical taxonomy ; interspecific hybrids ; morphology ; origins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract TheAntennaria neodioica polyploid agamic complex is a polymorphic species occurring across North America mainly north of the terminal margin of the Wisconsin glacier. This taxonomically difficult group has recently been treated as consisting of the four subspeciesA. neodioica subsp.canadensis, subsp.howellii, subsp.neodioica, and subsp.petaloidea. TheA. neodioica agamic complex has been considered of hybrid origin with several sexual diploid species constituting its parentage. Crosses were made among five sexual diploid species ofAntennaria, morphologically similar toA. neodioica s.l., in an attempt to discover its origins. Representative specimens of the five diploid species,A. neodioica s. l., and the synthetic interspecific F1 hybrids were subjected to various analyses including PCA, cluster (UPGMA), and discriminant analyses. Results suggest that theA. neodioica complex is of multiple hybrid origin involving the four diploid speciesA. neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, andA. virginica. BecauseA. neodioica is the result of diverse origin it is more desirable to consider the agamic complex as a separate, distinct species from its sexual diploid relatives. Several morphological characters in the diploid species were determined to be polygenically inherited.
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    Ultrastruktur und systematische Bedeutung des Pollens beiBocageopsis, Ephedranthus, Malmea undUnonopsis (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 165-177 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Bocageopsis ; Ephedranthus ; Malmea ; Unonopsis ; Pollen ultrastructure ; exine differentiation ; non-columellate and columellate exine ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The four genera investigated show solitary sulcate pollen grains. The structure and sculpture of the sporoderm is very similar inBocageopsis andUnonopsis, and supports the close relationship of both genera; their flower morphology also is very similar. In contrast, the sporoderm ofEphedranthus, and especially that ofMalmea, is different in some characters and suggests more remote relationships; this is also confirmed by differences in flower morphology. Within this group of genera a distinct exine progression can be recognized from non-columellate (Malmea) to granular (Unonopsis guatterioides), further to somewhat irregularly (Bocageopsis, someUnonopsis species), and finally to very regularly columellate (Ephedranthus). The sculpture of the tectum varies from a reticulum with large lumina (Malmea) to one with small performations (Ephedranthus). Within theAnnonaceae the genusMalmea is among the most primitive in respect to pollen structure. The sulcus of the four genera is very large and runs over 1/3 of the pollen grain. It is characterized by a reduction of the exine and a bulgy thickening of the intine.
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    A new pollen type, C-banded and fluorochrome counterstained chromosomes, and evolution inGuatteria and related genera (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 119-141 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Guatteria ; Guatteriopsis ; Guatteriella ; Heteropetalum ; Pollen ultrastructure ; chromosome analysis ; Giemsa C-banding ; sequential fluorochrome staining ; leaf surface micromorphology ; evolution in primitive angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Guatteria, Guatteriopsis, Guatteriella andHeteropetalum share the same conspicuous pollen type which is new for theSpermatophyta. It is zonoaperturate with a folded aperture region and an extremely reduced exine. First chromosome counts and karyotype analyses forGuatteriopsis (4 species investigated) andGuatteriella (1 species) are identical with those ofGuatteria (19 species seen): 2n = 28. The genome is characterized by diploidization and partly telocentric chromosomes. Sequentially Giemsa C- and fluorochrome banded chromosomes and interphase nuclei are described. The cuticular folding pattern is distinct forHeteropetalum only. Growth forms and ecology are reported for many species. The evolutionary pattern of theGuatteria group is discussed and compared with other genera and families.
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    Crossing and selfing experiments in theOrnithogalum umbellatum/augustifolium complex (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 179-190 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Scilloideae ; Hyacinthaceae ; Ornithogalum ; O. umbellatum ; O. angustifolium ; Polyploid complex ; self-pollination ; bulbil vs. seed production ; crossing experiments ; fertility relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fertility relationships ofOrnithogalum umbellatum, O. angustifolium and 9 related taxa were studied.O. umbellatum andO. angustifolium, which are not interfertile, are both recognized as a comparium. Pollination of five species belonging to theO. umbellatum/angustifolium polyploid complex, i.e.O. umbellatum, O. angustifolium, O. baeticum, O. monticolum andO. algeriense, resulted in a moderate seed set. However, the seeds obtained after these interspecific crosses did not germinate. Six related species, i.e.O. exscapum, O. nivale, O. comosum, O. collinum, O. gussonei andO. woronowii showed a very low seed set after being crossed. One exception occurs:O. nivale ×O. exscapum. The seed set was also low after the complex species had been crossed with some related species, but there was one exception: both reciprocal crosses betweenO. monticolum andO. woronowii yielded some viable seeds. No other interspecific crosses gave rise to viable seeds. Bulbil-producing species have a lower seed set after self-pollination than species which do not produce bulbils.
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    A new species ofThottea (Aristolochiaceae) from India (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 201-204 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Aristolochiaceae ; Thottea ponmudiana sp. n. ; Th. siliquosa ; Flora of India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thottea ponmudiana sp. nova from Kerala (India) can readily be distinguished from its closest allyTh. siliquosa and all the other known species of the genus by its yellow flowers with purple eyes, deeply lobed perianth with strongly reflexed margins, uniseriate stamens united in three bundles and strongly 4-angled, green, glabrescent fruits.
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    Protein resources in wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, in Israel: Predictive method by ecology and allozyme markers (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 205-222 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Hordeum spontaneum ; cereals ; Protein content ; kernel weight ; correlation with allozyme markers and environmental parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Geographic variation in protein content of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, and the associations of protein content with ecological and allozyme markers were tested in an attempt to derive predictive guidelines for conservation and utilization in breeding programs. The study involved 195 genotypes of wild barley from 25 populations, 15 central and 10 marginal. These populations had been tested earlier for allozymic variation (Nevo & al. 1979 a, b). The results indicate that protein content varies both within, but particularly between populations. Notably, the 10 marginal populations exhibit high protein content but low kernel weight, as compared with the 15 central populations which displayed lower protein content but high kernel weight. Three variable combinations of climatic factors explain 40% of the variability in protein content among populations. Likewise, 3 variable combinations of allozyme allele frequencies explain a significant degree of spatial variance in protein content (R square = 0.63). — We conclude that natural populations of wild barley in Israel contain large amounts of yet untapped genes for protein content. These could be effectively screened and utilized for producing high protein cultivars of barley by following ecological and allozymic markers as predictive guidelines in screening natural populations of wild barley.
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    Pollination ofPlectranthus vestitus (Lamiaceae) by trap-lining hovering bees in Madagascar (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 223-236 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lamiaceae ; Plectranthus ; P. vestitus ; Pollination ; melittophily ; hovering bees ; Flora of madagascar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a primary forest on the Central Plateau of MadagascarPlectranthus vestitus (Lamiaceae) was principally pollinated by the beePachymelus limbatus (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). A species ofStylogaster (Diptera, Conopidae) acted as a co-pollinator. Flower — pollinator interactions are described. The bee performed pollination while hovering, a flower-visit lasting onlyc. 0.3 seconds. Floral features such as shape and size of the corolla tube, and the lack of a landing place suggest specialization to hovering anthophorid beepollinators. Floral biology and pollination in the genusPlectranthus are discussed.
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    Revision ofVerbesina sect.Pseudomontanoa (Asteraceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 237-262 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Verbesina ; V. breedlovei ; sp. n. ; V. cronquistii ; sp. n. ; V. olsenii ; sp. n. ; Taxonomic revision ; chromosome numbers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Verbesina sect.Pseudomontanoa is revised. The last treatment of the group byRobinson & Greenman (1899) recognized 5 species; the present treatment recognizes 12 species, 3 of which (V. breedlovei, V. cronquistii andV. olsenii) are described as new. A key to species, phyletic diagram and distribution maps are provided.
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    Variability in giant fennel (Ferula communis, Umbelliferae): Ribosomal RNA nuclear genes (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 263-274 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Umbelliferae ; Apiaceae ; Ferula communis ; rDNA variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rDNA of five accessions of the giant fennel (Ferula communis, Umbelliferae) was analyzed. The restriction map of Bam H 1, Eco R 1 and Hind III sites was established for one of them. Variation between the five accessions was observed at several levels. Three have a homogeneous repeat size, whereas the two others are heterogeneous, one presenting an additional site heterogeneity. However, the general pattern of organization is very similar and there is much greater similarity between theFerula accessions than with the pattern observed for carrot, a plant from the same family. Variation was also observed in the copy number of the rDNA repeats, which ranges from ≃ 900 to 3 500. The results demonstrate that the five accessions can be clearly differentiated by molecular analysis of their DNA although they belong to the same species or subspecies. They also demonstrate that different isolated populations of a species evolve independently, thus shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of speciation.
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    Pollen viability assessments in blackberries (Rubus subgen.Rubus) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 281-290 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rosaceae ; Rubus ; Pollen viability ; pollen germination ; seed set ; cotton blue ; TTC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen viability has been investigated in 20 blackberry species using 3 methods, (1) cotton blue, (2) TTC, and (3) germination in a sucrose solution. Significant differences were found between species. Correlations between high pollen viability and high seed set were also obtained.
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    The evolutionary breakdown of distyly inLinum tenuifolium (Linaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 291-301 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum tenuifolium ; Breeding system ; heterostyly ; self-incompatibility ; pollen production ; seed-set ; colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Distyly inLinum tenuifolium L. is associated with a high degree of self-incompatibility. Breakdown in this system has occurred without the morphological rearrangement expected as the result of cross-over within the distyly supergene. Pollen-flow in both distylous and monomorphic populations is leptokurtic. A high proportion of intra-flower pollination occurs. Pollen production per ovule is reduced in the self-compatible race. Mean seed-set is increased. Individuals of the self-compatible race produce less vegetative growth and require a shorter time to reach reproductive maturity under cultivation. Increased fecundity appears to provide the selective advantage promoting the breakdown of self-incompatibility in this species. This is achieved through a massive shift of resources toward female reproductive function in plants of the monomorphic race. Subsequent colonization by this race has led to its increased distribution in C. & S. Europe.
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    NeueSilene-Arten (Caryophyllaceae) aus dem Gebiet der Flora Iranica (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 150 (1985), S. 307-318 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllaceae ; Silene ; New Species ; Flora of Iran ; Afghanistan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 15 new species are described: Sect.Sclerocalycinae:S. farsistanica, S. stapfii. — Sect.Spergulifoliae:S. paktiensis. — Sect.Auriculatae:S. caroli-henrici, S. daënensis, S. gertraudiae, S. nizvana, S. oligophylla, S. persepolitana, S. pseudaucheriana, S. pseudonurensis, S. renzii, S. salangensis, S. sojakii. — Sect.Brachypodae:S. rasvandica. — All the new species are from Iran with exception ofS. paktiensis andS. parvanica which are from Afghanistan.
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    Interspecific differences in differentiation and dedifferentiation patterns in the genusNicotiana (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 19-29 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Nicotiana. — Habituation ; differentiation ; crown gall ; tissue culture ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differentiation on hormoneless media, habituation ability and crown gall induction inNicotiana tissue cultures have been used as physiological parameters of evolutionary differentiation between species. Some of them on hormone free media differentiated whole plantlets, others produced only shoots or roots or showed undifferentiated growth (habituation), some eventually died. Moreover, the same genotypes showed a differential behaviour as far as tumor formation byAgrobacterium tumefaciens was concerned. Particularly, the competence for crown gall transformation inNicotiana species seems negatively correlated with differentiation capacity and may be ascribed to differences in the plants capacity to synthesize growth regulators. The correlation between the results obtained and the phylogenetic position of the genotypes tested is finally discussed.
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    Infraspecific variation in C-banded karyotype and chiasma frequency inCucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 31-41 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cucurbitaceae ; Cucumis sativus L. — Giemsa C-banding ; heterochromatin ; infraspecific classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infraspecific cytogenetical variation was studied in a diverse collection of five non-cultivated and cultivatedCucumis sativus accessions. The individual chromosomes of different accessions could be identified by the C-banding pattern and chromosome measurements. About 40–50% of the genomic area are made up of heterochromatin inC. sativus. The non-cultivated accessions exhibit more heterochromatin and lower chiasma frequencies per pollen mother cell than cultivated accessions. There is infraspecific variation in C-banding pattern, karyomorphology and multinucleolate cells. The use of C-banding in infraspecific classification is discussed.
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    Gynodioecy inSaxifraga granulata L. (Saxifragaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 43-54 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Saxifragaceae ; Saxifraga granulata L. — Gynodioecy ; floral biology ; sex ratios ; inheritance of male sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of gynodioecy in two populations in northern England of the normally hermaphroditeSaxifraga granulata is reported. Female plants have aborted stamens, and smaller petals than hermaphrodites. At Staindrop, County Durham, an estimated 23% of the flowering stems were female; at Macclesfield, Cheshire, 4% were female. The inheritance of male sterility is not simple, and probably involves at least one cytoplasmic and two nuclear genes. The secondary sexual characteristics, hermaphrodite-predominant sex ratios, and complex inheritance of male sterility, are typical of gynodioecious populations.
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    Patterns of fruit and seed production inBauhinia ungulata (Leguminosae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 55-65 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Bauhinia ungulata. — Fruit production ; seed production ; position effects ; herbivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of seed and fruit production ofBauhinia ungulata, a small tree legume indigenous in tropical America, were studied in Costa Rica. Only about 8% of flowers produced fruits. The average pod had 19 ovules and about two thirds of these began seed development, with mature pods containing an average of 9.7 mature undamaged seeds. About half of the mature pods were damaged by herbivores and within these, 27% of ovules or seeds had been eaten. Among trees there was no significant variation in pod production, but the number of ovules per pod and seed production per pod varied significantly. Within infructescences most pods were retained at middle positions. Within pods, the probability of an ovule developing into a seed increased toward the distal end. The pattern of seed and fruit production in this species agrees well in general with that reported for other neotropical legumes. The abortion of seeds and fruits can be regarded as a way of controlling maternal investment, and as a response to herbivory.
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    Revision of the genusOxylobus (Asteraceae-Eupatorieae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 73-87 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Eupatorieae ; Oxylobus.—Taxonomy.—Flora of Mexico ; Central America ; Guatemala ; Columbia ; Venezuela
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A revisionary treatment ofOxylobus is rendered. Four species are recognized. All are confined to the mountainous regions of southern Mexico and Central America, except forO. glanduliferus which has disjunct populations in the highlands of north-central South America. Descriptions, illustrations, dot-maps and a key to species are presented.
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    Karyotaxonomic study of some species ofPeucedanum (Umbelliferae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 89-101 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) ; Peucedanum ; Lomatium. — Chromosome numbers ; karyotypes ; karyosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study of morphometric karyotype characters was carried out in 14 species ofPeucedanum s. lat. (Umbelliferae — Apioideae) and in one species of the related genusLomatium. The differences of the species in their karyotype characters are correlated only to a limited degree with their similarities of dissimilarities in morphological (i. a. carpological) characters, and thus with their taxonomic position. The evolution of these two sets of characters seems to have proceeded not synchronously or even in different directions in the group of platycarpousUmbelliferae united in the genusPeucedanum. Therefore, it is unlikely that morphometric chromosome characters revealed by monochrome staining can be used appropriately in the taxonomic revision of the polymorphous genusPeucedanum.
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    Modifiers of heterocarpy determine capitulum size inMicroseris hybrid D 14 (Asteraceae — Lactuceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 103-119 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Lactuceae ; Microseris. — Heterocarpy ; canalized numbers ; meristic characters ; quantitative genetics ; modifier genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The proportion of the outer, “hairy” achenes in capitula of hybrid D 14 (Microseris pygmaea × M. bigelovii) is determined by the same major gene as in its sister hybrid, B 87, as shown by marker segregation. Crossover between major gene and markers shows their genetic independence. Two modifiers segregating 9:7 influence the proportion of hairies in plants homozygous for the major gene. These same modifiers (or two genes linked with them) also determine the segregation of the number of achenes per head. Most likely, the modifiers act indirectly via a residual dependence of heterocarpy on capitulum size within strict quantitative limits set by the major gene. The identification of modifiers in a polygenic system as major genes for another character acting pleiotropically supports our contention that relatively few genes interact in plant development to determine key morphological characteristics at the organismic level.
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    Morphology, biology, and systematic relationships ofDesmaria (Loranthaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 121-130 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Loranthaceae ; Desmaria mutabilis. — Shoot dimorphism ; bud scales ; deciduousness ; heterocotyly ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Desmaria mutabilis is unique inLoranthaceae in having dimorphic shoots, the short shoots producing a terminal inflorescence. Other unusual features in the family are well differentiated bud scales and deciduousness. The normal position of mature plants on the trunks of large trees is shown to be a consequence of profuse vegetative reproduction from the epicortical roots, the predominant growth direction of the latter towards the trunk from the original site of establishment on a lateral branch, and the ability of epicortical roots to generate haustorial contacts through heavy host bark. The seedling is heterocotylar, one cotyledon being phanerocotylar, the other cryptocotylar and functioning as a haustorial organ in the endosperm. It is suggested thatDesmaria is a member of the primitive complex of loranthaceous genera which includesGaiadendron.
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    A newFerulago (Apiaceae) species from Turkey (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 141-143 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Apiaceae ; Ferulago antiochia sp.n. — Flora of Turkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ferulago antiochia Saya & Miski is newly described: it is known only from the type locality in Hatay province and has affinities toF. trachycarpa Boiss. of sect.Anisotaenia.
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    Allozyme divergence and evolution in the genusLens (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 131-140 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Lens. — Systematics ; allozymes ; reproductive barriers ; domestication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusLens includes 5 taxonomic species:L. culinaris is cultivated andL. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. ervoides, andL. nigricans are wild. All the species are annual and almost exlusively selfers. The wild lentils are distributed over a large geographical area and form small disjunct populations which are composed of a small number of plants. 67Lens populations were assayed electrophoretically for 9 enzyme systems; 15 enzymic genes with 37 alleles were identified. The genetic distances (D) measured between the pairs of populations indicated a significantly greater similarity between populations belonging to the same taxonomic species. Assuming the populations represent a random sample of the variability in each of the species the genetic distances (D) between the 5 taxa were calculated. The shortest genetic distance was found betweenL. orientalis andL. culinaris. Another significant feature of the data is the apparent isolation ofL. nigricans from the other 4 species. The genetic distances between theLens species are compared to the patterns of crossability barriers between them.
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    Transmission of somaclonal variation in wheat (1985)
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    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 525-537 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; somaclonal variation ; chromosomal aberrations ; wheat breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transmission of somaclonal variation was studied in callus derived (SC1) plants of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Second (SC2), third (SC3) and fourth (SC4) generations were compared with those obtained from embryo culture (E1-E4). SC2 generation had significantly lower grain yield (−37.3%), reduced thousand kernel weight (−7.8%) and shorter height (−2.1%) than that of E2, and included 5.7% seed-sterile and 15.0% partially seed-sterile plants. SC3 generation showed reduced yield (−12.6%), lower thousand kernel weight (−4.9%) and shorter plant height (−1.9%) than E3 generation. SC4 progeny of a short height, partially sterile SC1 variant included aberrant plants: a haploid, few aneuploids, mixoploids, some showing multiploidy, spindle abnormalities, multivalents, bridges and fragments, and tillers having supernumerary spikes with branched rachis. Somaclonal variation resulted from genome instability in callus, and likely involved transposable elements.
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    The physiology of variation in the time of ear emergence among wheat varieties from different regions of the world (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 559-571 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; ear emergence ; number of leaves ; number of spikelets ; photoperiod ; vernalization ; geographical distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences in response to photoperiod and vernalization and genetic variation independent of photoperiod and vernalization (earliness per se), affecting time of ear emergence of wheat, were identified in controlled environment experiments with 33 varieties of diverse geographical origin. The results were compared with an analysis of time of ear emergence of 10409 T. aestivum accessions from the USDA Small Grain Collection grown from autumn sowings in Pendleton, Oregon, and spring sowings in Fargo, North Dakota. The effect of differences in photoperiod and vernalization sensitivity on time of ear emergence was similar to the effect of earliness per se, both under controlled environment conditions and in the field. Most of the accessions from low latitude regions reached ear emergence rapidly owing to their insensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization and earliness per se factors accelerating ear emergence. Lateness was common among accessions from Northern Europe, Afghanistan and Turkey, which was due to sensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization, and to earliness per se factors delaying ear emergence. The physiological basis of earliness per se is discussed.
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    Plant regeneration from immature inflorescence callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 153-159 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticosecale ; callus culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Callus cultures were initiated from inflorescence explants of wheat, rye and triticale on MS medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 2,4-D+5% CW or 2 mgl-1 2,4-D+0.5 mgl-1 BA. On transfer of the cultures to medium supplemented with 15% CW+0.2 mgl-1 NAA or 1 mgl-1 BA+0.1 mgl-1 IAA, shoot buds and embryoids were produced. Full fledged plantlets obtained on MS medium supplemented with NAA were transferred to the field. Cytological analysis showed the plants to be diploid. However, the regenerated plantlets were shorter, produced fewer tillers and had lower fertility compared to the control.
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    A gene for hybrid necrosis in an inbred line of rye (Secale cereale L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 207-211 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; hybrid necrosis ; intergeneric cross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An inbred line of rye (Secale cereale L.) has been found to carry a gene for hybrid necrosis. This gene was detected in crosses with a highly crossable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype which carries the gene Ne2. This appears to be the first report of a gene for hybrid necrosis being present in the rye genome.
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    Aneuploidy in semi dwarf wheat varieties (1985)
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    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 317-327 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; aneuploidy ; semi dwarfness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tall varietal impurities occurring in a number of new semi-dwarf winters wheats carrying the Norin 10 dwarfing genes Rht1 or Rht2 are causing problems at seed certification. Cytological analysis of such impurities from three varieties shows they are aneuploids and are mainly monosomic (2n=41) for chromosomes carrying semi-dwarfing genes. Because Rht1 and Rht2 act as suppressors of height, their reduced dosage as in monosomics, produces plants considerably taller than in the euploid condition.
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    Reciprocal monosomic analysis of frost resistance on chromosome 5A in wheat (1985)
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    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 367-370 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; frost resistance ; chromosome 5A ; reciprocal monosomic analysis ; allelic variation ; substitution line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary F2 monosomic analysis and the direct comparisons between aneuploid series from different varieties of wheat suggest the likelihood of allelic variation. It is impossible however, from these studies to prove unequivocally that allelic variation exists. Some effects can be due to chromosome dosage rather than allelic variation. This disadvantage was overcome by using reciprocal monosomic analysis to study the genetic control of frost resistance on chromosome 5A in wheat. Data support the previous results obtained by F2 monosomic and substitution analysis. The chromosome 5A has been shown to be the one which carries the major allelic differences that distinguish wheat varieties Chinese Spring, Rannyaya 12 and Mironovskaya 808 for frost resistance.
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    A reciprocal F1 monosomic analysis of the genetic control of time of ear emergence, number of leaves and number of spikelets in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 545-558 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; reciprocal F1 monosomics ; ear emergence ; number of leaves ; number of spikelets ; photoperiod ; vernalization ; growth rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A reciprocal F1 monosomic analysis of chromosomal differences between Spica and Bersée was carried out under controlled environment conditions. Chromosomes associated with differences in days to ear emergence, number of leaves and number of spikelets were identified. The results indicated that chromosome 2B of Spica carries a photoperiod insensitivity allele at the Ppd 2 locus. Both Spica and Bersée appear to have a vernalization insensitity allele at the Vrn 2 locus on chromosome 5B. On chromosome 3A, 4B, 4D and 6B factors were found with major effects on earliness per se, diffeences in ear emergence and number of spikelets which were independent of photoperiod and vernalization. The possibility that these factors influence growth rate is discussed.
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    The genetics of auricle colour of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A review (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 233-236 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; auricle colour ; genetics ; instability of expression ; gene penetration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Only a few publications deal with the genetics of auricle colour of wheat. They report that red pigmentation is conditioned by one dominant gene, symbolized Ra. Ra is present in Egyptian local wheat cultivars. My own research showed the great instability of this character.
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    Optimal regimes of selection for grain yield and harvest index in spring wheat (1985)
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    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 625-640 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; selection criteria ; harvest index ; grain yield ; hill plots ; genotype x environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Alternative strategies of multi-site testing of advanced lines in the northern wheat belt of New South Wales have been evaluated, using genetic parameters for large plot grain yield and hill plot harvest index estimated from dryland and irrigated trials at regional sites during 1975–1981. The average pairwise genetic correlation of large plot grain yields recorded at different sites within years was 0.45±.03, with a mean repeatability within trials of 0.56±.05. Harvest index measured in 20-grain hill plots in 1978 showe genetic correlations of 0.98±.08 with plot yield at the same site, and 0.39±0.06 with plot yield assessed at other sites in the same year. The genetic correlation between harvest index in hill plots and total biological yield in large plots at the same site was 0.84±.13, the relationship showing no evidence of curvilinearity. Selection for harvest index in hill plots is therefore expected to lead to an increase in biological yield as well as grain yield in the breeding populations studied. Quantitative genetic theory suggests that the response to selection for grain yield can be increased by approximately 40% with an initial screening using hill plot harvest index at three sites instead of one, and reallocation of resources in the first stage of large plot yield assessment to include 6–8 sites, rather than dryland and irrigated trials at a single location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035398
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    Changes in relative growth rate with plant ontogeny in spring wheat genotypes grown as isolated plants (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 833-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; growth analysis ; relative growth rate ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary For a better insight in the effect of wide spacing on the outcome of plant selection in spring wheat, the growth of free-grown individual plants was followed in time for each of 12 cultivars. As time proceeded, the cultivar differences for per-plant weight showed progressively less relation with those for seedling weight. At anthesis, the genetic correlation with seedling weight was still about 0.80, but at final harvest it was only 0.06. This contrasted with the genetic correlation between seedling weight and final biomass in closely planted mixtures which was on the average 0.77. The outcome of selection of genotypes in isolation is therefore expected to deviate substantially from that of selection in densely planted segregating populations where the differences in initial size tend to be maintained in time. The ranking of the varieties grown in isolation changed in time because of differences in relative growth rate (RGR). The genetic variance of RGR decreased much less with time than RGR itself. Late-flowering varieties showed the higher RGR so that these varieties improved their position in the ranking in isolation. Special attention is paid to the methodology of plant growth analysis in variety experiments and in estimating means and variances of RGR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035422
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    Betaine status in wheat in relation to nitrogen stress and to transient salinity stress (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 85 (1985), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Catabolism ; Glycine betaine ; Salt tolerance ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Glycine betaine is readily accumulated in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Inia) shoots during periods of salinity stress. The ability of the plant to utilize betaine as a source of nitrogen remains unresolved. We, therefore, conducted solution culture experiments in a greenhouse to test the hypothesis that betaine is degraded in wheat shoots under conditions of severe nitrogen deficiency. Betaine concentrations increased in continuously salt stressed plants for only 17 days after salinity was imposed. After this period, concentrations (dry weight basis) decreased steadily until plants died 32 days later. Decreases in betaine concentration were also observed in treatments where salinity stress was removed. The rate of decrease in concentration was greatest in the N-free treatment. These decreases in betaine concentration were the result of dilution by plant growth. Betaine contents (μmol shoot−1) remained unchanged after removal of substrate nitrate. Therefore our results support the hypothesis that betaine is a stable end product of metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197795
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    Modification of the salinity response of wheat by the genome ofElytrigia elongatum (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amphiploid ; Elytrigia ; Genome ; Salinity ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Wheatgrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring wheat,Elytrigia elongatum (tall wheatgrass), and theTriticum-Elytrigia amphiploid were grown in complete nutrient culture containing, in addition, 0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl. The 3 genotypes responded quite differently to increasing salinity; the Na concentration of wheat shoots increased in direct proportion to the increase in salinity of the external medium whereas the Elytrigia response was interpreted as showing high affinity for Na at low external Na (40 mM) but comparative exclusion of Na at high salinities (120 mM). In contrast, Na levels of the amphiploid were less than those of either wheat or Elytrigia under both low and high salinities. Thus the amphiploid behaved like wheat at 40 mM NaCl but more like Elytrigia at 120 mM NaCl because Na transport to the amphiploid shoot was restricted over the whole salinity range. The K concentration of the amphiploid shoot at high salinities was significantly greater than the K concentrations of either wheat or Elytrigia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184304
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    Effects on winter wheat seedling growth by toxin-producing rhizobacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 399-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Inhibitory bacteria ; Pseudomonads ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Root-colonizing pseudomonads capable of inhibiting seedling winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth in an agar seedling bioassay also significantly inhibited wheat root growth in vermiculite; however, the inhibitory trait is quite labile in laboratory culturing. The extent of inhibition in both the agar and vermiculite medium depended on inoculum level. These pseudomonads were found to produce a toxin capable of inhibiting growth ofEscherichia coli C-la andBacillus subtilis. Field isolates that strongly inhibit growth of indicator bacteria also inhibited root growth. Toxin production by the bacteria appeared necessary for inhibition of root growth and indicator bacteria as toxin-negative (TOX−) mutants no longer inhibited either. Antibiosis towardsE. coli as well as wheat seedling root inhibition in agar was reversed by L-methionine, providing further evidence that a toxin, produced by these organisms, is involved in growth retardation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184452
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    Drought resistance of wheat plants inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dry-matter accumulation ; Glomus deserticola ; Glomus fasciculatum ; Mycorrhizae ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Drought resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by two vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi,Glomus fasciculatum 10 andGlomus deserticola 19, was evaluated. Soil columns 0.15 m diam. by 1.20 m length were used to reduce the influence of limited rooting space. With initial soil water at 0.5 MPa (0.145 kg kg−1), plants were subjected to low-level water stress throughout the experiment and severe water stress for 24 h at one (55 days after transplanting, Feekes scale 10.1) two (55 and 63 days, Feekes 10.1 and 10.2), or three (55, 63, and 70 days, Feekes 10.1, 10.1, and 10.2) periods. After each stress period, one set of plants was watered and grown to maturity without subsequent water stress. A second set of plants was harvested 1 week after stress.G. fasciculatum-inoculated plants harvested 7 days after stress at 55 days had greater leaf area and leaf, total plant, and root weight than non-VAM plants.G. deserticola-inoculated plants had greater leaf area and leaf weight than non-VAM plants. After stress at 55 and 63 days, leaf area, and leaf and total dry weight were again greater for VAM than for non-VAM plants. However, after stress at 55, 63, and 70 days, differences in aboveground biomass between VAM and non-VAM plants were not significant at P=0.05. Aboveground biomass was not affected by VAM species in plants stressed at 55 or 55 and 63 days, butG. fasciculatum-inoculated plants produced more tillers atter stress at 55 days. When grown to maturity, VAM plants which had undergone three stress periods had twice the biomass and grain yield as non-VAM plants subjected to the same stress. The three stress periods reduced number of heads and kernel numbers of weight of non-VAM plants compared to VAM plants.G. fasciculatum-inoculated plants consistently had increased root weight and rooting depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145457
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    Effect of zinc supply on growth of three species of Eucalyptus seedlings and wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbonic anhydrase ; Dry matter ; Eucalyptus maculata ; E. marginata ; E. patens ; Seedlings ; Symptoms ; Triticum aestivum ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of zinc supply on shoot and root dry weight, root length, zinc concentrations and carbonic anhydrase activity were measured in 52 day old seedlings ofEucalyptus maculata, E. marginata, E. patens and wheat grown in a zinc deficient soil in the glasshouse. Symptoms of zinc deficiency in the eucalyptus and wheat appeared within 20 to 35 days. Eucalypt seedlings had short internodes and small necrotic leaves, reduced dry weight of shoots and roots, root length and zinc concentrations in young leaves; the measurable level of leaf carbonic anhydrase activity decreased to zero. Similar responses also occurred in wheat. The level of zinc fertilizer required for normal growth of Eucalyptus seedlings is therefore likely to be similar to that used for wheat and other agricultural crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197494
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    Pressure chamber measurements using two wheat leaves (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 309-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Leaf water potential ; Pressure chamber ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The most widely used technique of leaf water potential measurements is with the Scholander pressure chamber. Representative leaf water potential values require many determinations on individual leaves and this can be time consuming in large fields or experiments with multiple treatments. This paper describes a method of obtaining a mean value more rapidly, by using two leaves in the pressure chamber at the same time, but recording the end point of each leaf separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181870
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    Influence of washing on elemental analysis of leaves of fieldgrown crop plants (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Calcium ; Copper ; Glycine max ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sorghum bicolor ; Triticum aestivum ; Zea Mays ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Information is limited on soil contamination of leaves from field-grown row crops, especially with respect to aluminum (Al) analyses. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of washing leaf samples with either deionized water or detergent solution on elemental analyses for several agronomic crop plants. The crop plants sampled were corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The crops were grown on a range of soil types, soil pH values, and tillage practices. Samples of upper leaves and lower leaves were collected separately. The samples were either not washed, washed with deionized water, or washed with detergent solution. After drying, grinding, and digesting, the samples were analyzed for Al, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). For all crop plants and conditions studied, there was no effect on measured N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, or Cu concentrations, but measured Al and Fe concentrations were influenced by washing. In general, washing had a greater effect on Al analyses than on Fe analyses. Soybean samples were most affected by washing, while wheat samples seemed to be least affected. The results reflected greater contamination of lower leaves than upper leaves. Decontamination procedures appear necessary prior to Al and Fe analyses of field-grown crop plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140668
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    Effects of rhizospheric bacteria on wheat yield under field conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 347-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Rhizospheric bacteria ; Spring wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum durum ; Yield response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five field experiments were conducted during 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the yield response of two lines of common wheat and one line of durum wheat to several rhizospheric bacteria. The two lines tested in the 1982 experiment (a common wheat and a durum wheat) showed a considerable yield response to incoulation withAzospirillum brasilense, with an average significant yield incresae of 23%. In the 1983 experiments, variable yield responses, some of which were significant, were obtained by inoculating three wheat lines (two common wheat and one durum wheat) with Azospirillum or with other rhizospheric bacteria, isolated from various Israeli wild relatives of wheat. A certain specificity between the tested wheat lines, the applied bacteria and the particular local conditions was evident. Inverse relationships were found between the maximum percentage yield increase due to inoculation with the most efficient bacteria and the yield level of the non-inoculated plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145455
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