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  • Structure-Activity Relationship  (22)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (28)
  • 1980-1984  (28)
  • 1980  (28)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (28)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (28)
Year
  • 1
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    Bioactive conformation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: evidence from a conformationally constrained analog (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Three-dimensional molecular modeling and drug design (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: A discussion of drug-receptor theory is used to show that the three-dimensional structure, or shape, of molecules is important for biological activity. The computer-assisted molecular modeling system at Merck is described, and it is shown that this system is useful for generating and storing molecular structures, determining preferred conformation, comparing molecular shapes, and computing molecular properties. Applications of the system to the study of anti-inflammatory drugs, somatostatin-like compounds, and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors are summarized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gund, P -- Andose, J D -- Rhodes, J B -- Smith, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1425-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6104357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; Binding Sites ; Computers ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; *Models, Molecular ; *Models, Structural ; *Molecular Conformation ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of anglerfish and mammalian insulin mRNA's from cloned cDNA's (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-19
    Description: Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobart, P M -- Shen, L P -- Crawford, R -- Pictet, R L -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 19;210(4476):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Fishes/*genetics ; Insulin/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proinsulin/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Vesicle targeting: timed release and specificity for leukocytes in mice by subcutaneous injection (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: When unilamellar vesicles were administered subcutaneously in mice, the half-time for the destruction of the vesicles varied from 12 to 600 hours, depending on their composition. The vesicles tested consisted of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and certain sugar and amino-sugar derivatives of cholesterol. Vesicle with amino-sugar derivatives showed the greatest longevity and became localized with high specificity in aggregates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A substantial delay between the time that the vesicles broke open and the time that labels contained in the vesicles were excreted suggests that the vesicles undergo endocytosis before destruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mauk, M R -- Gamble, R C -- Baldeschwieler, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives ; Endocytosis ; Liposomes/*therapeutic use ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mice ; Neutrophils/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Regression of tumors in guinea pigs after treatment with synthetic muramyl dipeptides and trehalose dimycolate (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: A high incidence of tumor regression was observed in guinea pigs bearing transplantable, line-10 hepatocellular carcinomas when synthetic muramyl dipeptides combined with trehalose dimycolate in oil-in-water emulsions were injected directly into the tumors. These compounds are promising candidates to replace viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin in cancer immunotherapy in humans and animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaughlin, C A -- Schwartzman, S M -- Horner, B L -- Jones, G H -- Moffatt, J G -- Nestor, J J Jr -- Tegg, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):415-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cord Factors/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Emulsions ; Glycolipids/*therapeutic use ; Glycopeptides/*therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*therapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Stereospecific nicotine receptors on rat brain membranes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: A stereospecific binding site for nicotine has been detected on rat brain membranes. Competition studies with cholinergic agonists suggest that this site is a nicotinic cholinergic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romano, C -- Goldstein, A -- DA-1938/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-7063/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Ala-Gly- and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin: bovine storage forms of arginine vasopressin with natriuretic activity (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: Extracts of fresh-frozen bovine neurohypophysis were purified by chromatographic techniques to isolate and characterize the components that produce natriuresis in nondiuretic dogs. Two compounds with natiuretic properties similar to those of synthetic arginine vasopressin accounted for most of the natriuretic activity and appeared to be the prevalent vasopressin-like molecules in the extract. These peptides were Ala-Gly-[Arg8]-vasopressin and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin; the natriuretic potency of each appeared to be similar to synthetic arginine vasopressin and could be observed with doses in the range of 50 picomoles. In the dog the most conspicuous difference between synthetic arginine vasopressin and the new vasopressin peptides was the smaller pressor responses to natriuretic doses of the new compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gitelman, H J -- Klapper, D G -- Alderman, F R -- Blythe, W B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):893-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Biological Assay ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Male ; Natriuresis/*drug effects ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/*metabolism ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulate hematopoietic colony formation in vitro (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulated mouse bone marrow cells to form myeloid colonies in agar cultures without added colony-stimulating factors. The colony-stimulating ability of various phorbol esters correlated well with their ability to promote skin tumors in vivo. These results suggest that phorbol esters mimic the action of specific colony-stimulating factors that regulate growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, R K -- Hamilton, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; *Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Monocytes/physiology ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phorbols/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Asymmetry of the acetylcholine channel revealed by quaternary anesthetics (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Tissue-cultured rat myoballs were examined electrophysiologically with a suction pipette, which was used for voltage clamping and internal perfusion. The lidocaine derivative QX-314 caused a time- and membrane potentia-dependent block of acetylcholine-induced current only when applied from the extracellular membrane surface. The same compounds caused a use-dependent block of the sodium channel only from the intracellular membrane surface. These experiments demonstrate a fundamental asymmetry of the acetylcholine receptor-channel complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horn, R -- Brodwick, M S -- Dickey, W D -- CA-19017/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-12961/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-13778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Ion Channels/drug effects ; Lidocaine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins ; Motor Endplate/*ultrastructure ; Neuromuscular Junction/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; *Receptors, Cholinergic ; Sodium/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 10
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    Angiotoxicity of oxygenated sterols and possible precursors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Cell death, inflammation, and repair in rabbits' aortas and pulmonary arteries were observed at 3-, 7-, and 10-day periods after the intravenous injection of oxygenated sterols. Thus, oxygenated sterols, not cholesterol, may play the primary role in arterial wall injury and lesion development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, H -- Werthessen, N T -- Subramanyam, V -- LeQuesne, P W -- Soloway, A H -- Kanisawa, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):651-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/drug effects ; Blood Vessels/*drug effects/pathology ; Cholesterol/*analogs & derivatives/toxicity ; Epoxy Compounds/*toxicity ; Ethers, Cyclic/*toxicity ; Female ; Hydroxycholesterols/toxicity ; Lanosterol/analogs & derivatives/toxicity ; Male ; Necrosis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pulmonary Artery/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Evolution of the hemoglobin S and C genes in world populations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-18
    Description: A polymorphic HpaI endonuclease recognition site on the 3' side of the beta-globin gene was used to analyze the evolution of the beta-globin gene mutants S and C. Study of the world wide distribution of the normal and variant HpaI sites showed that the mutation which resulted in the variant 13.0-kilobase fragment arose in a localized region in West Africa. It predated the hemoglobin S and C mutations, both of which arose separately from a chromosome with the variant 13.0-kilobase HpaI site. In contrast, the sickle genes in other parts of Africa and in Asia are associated with the normal 7.6-kilobase HpaI fragment, indicating that the sickle mutations in these other areas arose separately from that in West Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kan, Y W -- Dozy, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Genes ; Genetics, Medical ; Geography ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobin C/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/*genetics ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Effect of interferon-alpha 1 from E. coli on some cell functions (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Interferon-alpha 1 from Escherichia coli transformed with a hybrid plasmid containing a human leukocyte complementary DNA insert, induces resistance to virus in appropriate target cells. It also shares the following properties with natural leukocyte interferon (IFN). (i) It enhances natural killing activity of human lymphocytes, (ii) it enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, (iii) it suppresses antigen- and mitogen-induced leukocyte migration inhibition, (iv) it inhibits growth of IFN-sensitive Burkitt lymphoma cells. Since these activities are exhibited by a cloned protein species, they are due to IFN itself and not to other human proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masucci, M G -- Szigeti, R -- Klein, E -- Klein, G -- Gruest, J -- Montagnier, L -- Taira, H -- Hall, A -- Nagata, S -- Weissmann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1431-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Migration Inhibition ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Interferons/genetics/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    At least three human type alpha interferons: structure of alpha 2 (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The sequence of a human leukocyte-derived complementary DNA (cDNA), Hif-2h, which directs the formation in Escherichia coli of a polypeptide, IFN-alpha 1, with interferon (IFN) activity has been described. A second IFN cDNA, Hif-SN206, which also elicits synthesis of a biologically active IFN, IFN-alpha 2, is described in this article. Whereas IFN-alpha 2 is twice as active on human as on bovine cells, IFN-alpha 1 is 10 to 20 times more active on bovine than on human cells. As deduced from the cDNA's, the messenger RNA's for the two IFN's differ in length and in 20 percent of the nucleotides; the mature IFN polypeptides differ in 17 percent of the amino acids. Both IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2 differ from the lymphoblastoid IFN described by others. Therefore, at least three different IFN-alpha genes are expressed in man; studies on genomic DNA reveal the presence of at least eight IFN-related genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streuli, M -- Nagata, S -- Weissmann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1343-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; *Interferons/genetics ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 14
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    DNA methylation and gene function (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: In most higher organisms, DNA is modified after synthesis by the enzymatic conversion of many cytosine residues to 5-methylcytosine. For several years, control of gene activity by DNA methylation has been recognized as a logically attractive possibility, but experimental support has proved elusive. However, there is now reason to believe, from recent studies, that DNA methylation is a key element in the hierarchy of control mechanisms that govern vertebrate gene function and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Razin, A -- Riggs, A D -- GM20483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM25825/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):604-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA/*physiology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/ultrastructure ; Protein Binding ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 15
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    War gases as olfactory probes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: The tear gas ethyl bromoacetate is a fruity-smelling alkylating agent that blocks the ability of the frog nose to respond to esters and a variety of other odorants, but leaves sensitivity to amines unimpaired. Lachrymators and chemical warfare agents of other functional types such as sulfides (mustard gas) and amines (nitrogen mustards) may have similarly specific actions that will enable their use as chemical probes of the sense of smell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Criswell, D W -- McClure, F L -- Schaefer, R -- Brower, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):425-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6968976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylating Agents/*pharmacology ; Amines ; Animals ; Chemical Warfare Agents/*pharmacology ; Esters ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Rana pipiens ; Smell/*drug effects/physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 16
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    Calmodulin plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in cell function is beginning to be unraveled at the molecular level as a result of recent research on calcium-binding proteins and particularly on calmodulin. These proteins interact reversibly with Ca2+ to form a protein . Ca2+ complex, whose activity is regulated by the cellular flux of Ca2+. Many of the effects of Ca2+ appear to be exerted through calmodulin-regulated enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheung, W Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):19-27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium/*physiology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Calmodulin/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Phospholipases A/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Troponin/physiology
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  • 17
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    Preferred sites of strand scission in DNA modified by andi-diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, W A -- Lo, K M -- D'Andrea, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):929-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Benzopyrenes/*pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; *DNA, Bacterial ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epoxy Compounds ; Hydrolysis ; Lac Operon ; Mutagens ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Pentobarbital: stereospecific actions of (+) and (-) isomers revealed on cultured mammalian neurons (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: Stereoisomers of the barbiturate anesthetic pentobarbital were applied to mouse spinal neurons growing in tissue culture. Intracellular recordings of neuronal membrane properties revealed that the (+) and (-) isomers caused direct changes in membrane potential and conductance on some but not all of the cells tested. The action of the (+) isomer was predominantly excitatory, whereas the (-) isomer produced predominantly inhibitory responses. The (-) isomer was considerably more effective in potentiating inhibitory responses to the transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. The results show that pentobarbital has multiple effects on neuronal excitability and demonstrate the presence of stereospecific sites of barbiturate action on central neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, L Y -- Barker, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):195-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electric Conductivity ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Spinal Cord/embryology ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Silent nucleotide substitutions and the molecular evolutionary clock (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: Half of the nucleotide substitutions during the evolutionary divergence of genes in animals, bacteria, and viruses are silent changes. These result from an inherent biochemical property of DNA and are fixed by genetic drift. Evolution may be viewed as a device for protecting DNA molecules from extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jukes, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):973-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Anesthetics as teratogens: nitrous oxide is fetotoxic, xenon is not (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Exposure of pregnant rats to the anesthetic nitrous oxide on the ninth day of gestation causes fetal resorption, skeletal anomalies, and macroscopic lesions including encephalocele, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and gastroschisis. The inert gas xenon, which has anesthetic properties similar to those of nitrous oxide, does not cause teratogenic effects under the same experimental conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, G A -- Nahrwold, M L -- Tait, A R -- Taylor-Busch, M -- Cohen, P J -- Beaudoin, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):899-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthetics/*adverse effects ; Animals ; Female ; Nitrous Oxide/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Teratogens ; Xenon/*toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    High-affinity [3H]imipramine binding in rat hypothalamus: association with uptake of serotonin but not of norepinephrine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Inhibition of the binding of [3H]imipramine and inhibition of the uptake of [3H]serotonin and [3H]norepinephrine by a series of antidepressants and other drugs were studied in the rat hypothalamus. No correlation was found between the potencies of these drugs for the inhibition of [3H]imipramine binding and the inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake. There was, however, a highly significant correlation between the potencies of these drugs for the inhibition of [3H]serotonin uptake. These results suggest that high-affinity [3H]imipramine binding might be associated with the mechanism of serotonin uptake in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, S Z -- Moret, C -- Raisman, R -- Dubocovich, M L -- Briley, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1133-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; *Carrier Proteins ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Imipramine/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Mouse globin system: a functional and evolutionary analysis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Structural and functional analysis of the mouse alpha-globin and beta-globin genes reveals that the globin genes are encoded in discontinous bits of coding information and that each gene locus is much more complex than was originally supposed. Each seems to consist of an array of several authentic genes as well as several apparently inactive pseudogenes. Comparison of the sequences of some of these genes to one another indicates that chromosomal DNA is a dynamic structure. Flanking and intervening sequences change in two ways: quickly, by duplication and extensive insertions and deletions, and slowly, by point mutation. Active coding sequences are usually limited to the slower mode of evolution. In addition to identifying fast and slow modes of evolution, it has also been possible to test the function of several signals that surround these genes and to identify those that appear to play a role in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Hansen, J N -- Konkel, D -- Leder, A -- Nishioka, Y -- Talkington, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1336-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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  • 23
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    Evolutionary theory under fire (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    Lactate dehydrogenases of Atlantic hagfish: physiological and evolutionary implications of a primitive heart isozyme (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and muscle of Atlantic hagfish show less functional divergence than those from other fishes and higher vertebrates. The enzyme from hagfish heart (B4) displays a higher Michaelis constant for pyruvate and lower substrate inhibition at moderate pyruvate concentrations than heart isozymes from other species. These properties support the hypothesis that the ancestral vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase was a muscle (A4)-type enzyme and also suggest a role for the B4 enzyme in the unusual physiology of hagfish cardiac tissue which functions under sustained hypoxic conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidell, B D -- Beland, K F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):769-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Fishes/genetics/*physiology ; Genes ; Isoenzymes ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Pyruvates/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    N-Formylmethionyl peptide receptors on equine leukocytes initiate secretion but not chemotaxis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: The chemotaxis of leukocytes appears to be initiated by the binding of chemotactic factors to the surface of these cells. N-Formylated peptides induce chemotaxis and lysosomal enzyme secretion of leukocytes; because these peptides are available in a purified radiolabeled form, they have been useful in the characterization of receptors for chemotactic factors. Equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes secrete lysosomal enzymes but do not exhibit chemotaxis in respone to the N-formylated peptides, even though they have a high-affinity cell surface receptor for these agents. The specificity of the equine receptor resembles the specificity of the receptor on chemotactically responsive leukocytes from other species. Equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes may thus be an excellent model for the study of the events that lead to a biological response following receptor occupancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snyderman, R -- Pike, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):493-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6248959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemotaxis ; Horses ; Kinetics ; Leukocytes/*physiology/secretion ; Oligopeptides/blood/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 26
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    Cell growth with trans fatty acids is affected by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and membrane fluidity (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Two positional isomers (9 and 11) of trans octadecenoates did not support growth on glucose of an Escherichia coli mutant that requires unsaturated fatty acids. However, the trans fatty acids provided sufficient fluidity to produce much higher cell yields when the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate was raised. The effectiveness of the trans acids rose from 0 to 1 cell per femtomole to 15 to 20 cells per femtomole as the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate was increased. The corresponding cis positional isomers supported high yields (35 to 40 cells per femtomole) independent of supplementation. The enhanced growth with adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate supplementation is not due to an increased uptake and incorporation of the trans isomers relative to the cis isomers, since the 9-trans isomer was incorporated more rapidly than the 9-cis isomer into the membrane phospholipids under all growth conditions and represented 21 +/- 2 mole percent of the acids. The finding that cells growing with trans fatty acid isomers have a higher requirement for adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate may indicate that some fatty acids can alter the metabolic regulation normally exerted by the cyclic nucleotide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsao, Y K -- Lands, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):777-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*growth & development/metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/*physiology ; Isomerism ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 27
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    Mouse immunoglobulin D: messenger RNA and genomic DNA sequences (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The molecular structure of a mouse immunoglobulin D from a plasmacytoma tumor and that of the normal mouse gene coding for immunoglobulin D are presented. The DNA sequence results indicate an unusual structure for the tumor delta chain in two respects: (i) Only two constant (C) region domains, termed C delta 1 and C delta 3 by homology considerations, are found; the two domains are separated by an unusual hinge region C delta H that lacks cysteine residues and thus cannot provide the covalent cross-links between heavy chains typically seen in immunoglobulins. The two domains and hinge are all coded on separate exons. (ii) At the carboxyl end of the delta chain there is a stretch of 26 amino acids that is coded from an exon located 2750 to 4600 base pairs downstream from the rest of the gene. Analogy with immunoglobulin M suggests that this distally coded segment C delta DC may have a membrane-binding function; however, it is only moderately hydrophobic. A fifth potential exon (C delta AC), located adjacent to the 3' (carboxyl) end of C delta 3, could code for a stretch of 49 amino acids. The tumor's expression of the delta gene may be aberrant, but the simplest interpretation would be that this tumor expresses one of the several biologically significant forms of the delta chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker, P W -- Liu, C P -- Mushinski, J F -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1353-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6968091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; *Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin D/*genetics ; Mice ; Myeloma Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    Prostaglandin A compounds as antiviral agents (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Prostaglandins of the A series strongly inhibit the production of Sendai virus in African green monkey kidney cells and are able to prevent the establishment of persistent infection ("carrier" state). This action is specific for prostaglandin A and is not due to alteration in the host cell metabolism or in the virus infectivity. The possibility that this effect is mediated by interferon is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santoro, M G -- Benedetto, A -- Carruba, G -- Garaci, E -- Jaffe, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Haplorhini ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/*drug effects ; Prostaglandins/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins A/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thromboxanes/pharmacology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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