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  • General Chemistry  (1.229)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • 1985-1989  (1.191)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1910-1914  (317)
  • 1986  (1.191)
  • 1914  (317)
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  • 1985-1989  (1.191)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1910-1914  (317)
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  • 1
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    Halogen lamp experiment, HALEX (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-12
    Beschreibung: The main purpose of the Halogen Lamp Experiment (HALEX) was to investigate the operation of a halogen lamp during an extended period in a microgravity environment and to prove its behavior in space. The Mirror Heating Facilities for Crystal Growth and Material Science Experiments in space relies on one or two halogen lamps as a furnace to melt the specimens. The HALEX aim is to verify: full power operation of a halogen lamp for a period of about 60 hours; achievement of about 10% of its terrestrial life span; and operation of the halogen lamp under conditions similar to furnace operation.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1985 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symposium; p 141-149
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  • 2
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    Design considerations for a gas microcontroller (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-12
    Beschreibung: Some of the design problems that are now being addressed in consideration of a microcontroller for the upcoming GAS payload are discussed. Microcontrollers will be used to run the experiments and to collect and store the data from those experiments. Some of the requirements for a microcontroller are to be small, lightweight, have low power consumption, and high reliability. Some of the solutions that were developed to meet these design requirements are discussed. At present, the experiment is still in the design stage and the final design may change from what is presented here. The search for new integrated circuits which will do all that is needed all in one package continues.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1985 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symposium; p 117-124
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  • 3
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    Evaluation and characterization of hybrid arrays (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: An Infrared Camera was built for astronomical observations and for testing arrays for satellite based work. The detectors are sensitive to mid infrared wavelengths. The camera was tested at the University of Arizona 61 and 90 inch telescopes and the NASA IRTF. These tests have demonstrated a sensitivity consistent with photon shot noise with an approximately 10% quantum efficiency for each pixel when the camera was used with a 1.6% spectral filter or when used with a Fabry-Perot having a resolving power of 2000. Initial measurements of read out noise, dark current, cross talk, and hysteresis were made. The detector chip in current use is a hybrid array manufactured by the Hughes Aircraft Company. Because part of the goal was to develop and advance technology, it was decided to work with a switched MOSFET array. This architecture is very promising, and the detector parameters will be quantified carefully.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 22 p
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  • 4
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    Evaluation of a Si:Ga direct readout array (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Preliminary results from the Hughes 58 x 62 gallium-doped silicon infrared array are presented. The device functioned predictably and repeatedly at the low temperatures for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). Power dissipation was reduced to acceptable levels while still maintaining the device speed. The infrared response was excellent and the degree of anomalous effects was compatible to conventional photoconductors.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 16 p
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  • 5
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    Development of 58 x 62 Si:Sb detector arrays (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The fabrication of antimony doped silicon (Si:Sb) detector arrays are described for use in 30 micron infrared imaging applications. The operation of the multiplexer readout circuit which will be used for this application is also described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 6 p
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  • 6
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    Preliminary test data using the MOS DRO with Si:In detector material (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The initial testing performed on the Hughes Metal Oxide Semiconductor Direct Readout (MOS DRO) with a Si:In extrinsic infrared array is described. The testing to date was of a screening nature and the results are primarily qualitative rather than quantitative. At a later date the performance optimization phase will be initiated. An encouraging result is that this response is strongly dependent on the detector temperature, to the extent that thermal transients introduced during the chip readout will affect the performance. A responsivity of 1 A/W at 2.2 microns with a bias of 15 volts, which is well below what is optimum bias, was obtained.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 12 p
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  • 7
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    Imagery with a Si:Bi 16 x 16 array (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A description of the design and performance of an imaging spectrometer intended for operation in the 7 to 14 micron wavelength range is presented. It is based upon a 16 by 16 element Si:Bi hybrid array, a circular variable filter wheel, and a microcomputer data acquisition system. The spatial-spectral photometric performances were evaluated in the laboratory as well as field tested at astronomical observatories. The performance characteristics of the system are presented as well as laboratory and astronomical images.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 14 p
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  • 8
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    A study of Si:In hybrid surface channel IRCCD devices (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Hybrid silicon Infrared Charge Coupled Devices (IRCCDs) are evaluated for use as viable astronomical detectors. A Si:In photoconductor array which is bump-bonded to a silicon multiplexer is described. A summary of the device parameters is given.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 16 p
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  • 9
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    Tests of HgCdTe-on-sapphire focal plane arrays (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The general architecture of the imaging array, some merits of HgCdTe-on-sapphire as a detector material, and the current status of the laboratory tests and the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) camera are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 9 p
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  • 10
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    Si:As BIB detector arrays (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Highlights of the results obtained on arsenic-doped silicon blocked impurity band (BIB) detectors and arrays since the invention of the BIB concept a few years ago are presented. After a brief introduction and a description of the BIB concept, data will be given on single detector performance. Then different arrays that were fabricated will be described and test data presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 43 p
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  • 11
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    Evaluation of Rockwell HgCdTe arrays for astronomical use (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The 32 x 32 HgCdTe array manufactured by Rockwell International was proven to be a highly competitive detector type for use at wavelengths shorter than 2.5 microns. The goal of a K=+16 sky survey using this array attached to the Steward Observatory Transit Telescope is clearly within reach. The detector material exhibits high quantum efficiency and low dark currents indicating that its usefulness may extend beyond its use with a CCD readout on groundbased telescopes.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 14 p
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  • 12
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    Preliminary measurements of very low dark currents in MLA/SWIR HgCdTe/DRO arrays (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: In infrared astronomy observations, one of the key detector performance parameters is the dark current which, together with the optics, establishes the fundamental limit of a space-based instrument. This technical note summarizes an effort to measure dark current performance of the MLA/Short Wave Infrared photovoltaic HgCdTe array (2.5 micron cutoff) at temperatures from 65 to 120 K. The preliminary results indicate that dark current decreased systematically to 100 K, then the value became measurement-limited at about 3.0 E-18 A/pixel, or 19 electrons/sec/pixel.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 10 p
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  • 13
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    Characterization of 2.5 microns HgCdTe detectors for low-background applications (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A program of testing aimed at the evaluation of systems that have the potential to provide the level of performance required for use in space-based instruments was undertaken and their usefulness appraised for astronomy. The results of the first phase of the program to characterize selected pixels of a HgCdTe photovoltaic array detector were reported.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 9 p
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  • 14
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    The status of the ISO Project (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), an approved and funded project of the European Space Agency (ESA), will be an astronomical satellite observatory operating at wavelengths from 3 to 200 microns. The ISO Project and its status are summarized. The overall goals are outlined, the scientific instruments are described, and the current activities are summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 5 p
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  • 15
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    Development of InSb and Si:Ga arrays for ISO camera (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) satellite will contain a 60 cm telescope. A 4 faces pyramid mirror feeds each experiment with a 3 arc minute part of the telescope field of view. The camera system is described. The arrays for the 3 to 5 and 5 to 17 micron channel are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 5 p
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  • 16
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    InSb arrays: Astronomy with a 32x32 CCD/development of a 58x62 DRO (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Experience gained in operating infrared detector arrays for high sensitivity astronomical applications at the University of Rochester are summarized. Progress made in operating the 32 x 32 InSb array with bump-bonded Silicon CCD readout is described. Astronomical work done with the 32 x 32 camera is also described. Plans for the future, including improvements for the 32 x 32 camera system as well as implementing a new generation of 58 x 62 InSb array using switched-MOSFET direct readout multiplexing system in the place of the older CCD technology is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 20 p
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  • 17
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    A progress report on bolometers operating at 0.1 K using adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Bolometers are still the detectors of choice for low background infrared observations at wavelengths longer than 200 microns. In the low background limit, bolometers become more sensitive as their operating temperature decreases, due to fundamental thermodynamic laws. The adiabatic demagnetization technique was evaluated by building a bolometer detection system operating at a wavelength of 1 millimeter for use at a ground based telescope. The system was fit checked at the telescope and is expected to take its first data in November, 1985.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 3 p
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  • 18
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    Low-background InSb array development (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Photovoltaic indium antimonide (PV InSb) detector technology has matured over the past several years to enable a wide variety of applications to use this high-performance detector material to advantage. The operating conditions for most of the applications to date for back-side illuminated PV InSb arrays have encompassed focal plane temperatures ranging from 40 to approximately 95 K, with the majority in the narrower range between 60 and 80 K. Background flux conditions have ranged from 10 to the 10th power ph/sq cm/sec to 10 to the 16th power ph/sq cm/sec, most typically between 10 to the 12th power and 10 to the 14th power ph/sq cm/sec. Appropriately, the array parameters were optimized for maximum performance over these temperature and background ranges. The key parameters which were peaked in this process were the resistance-area product of the detectors and their quantum efficiency. The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) Infrared Array Camera requirements, however, present very low temperature and background operating conditions, plus the need for very high signal to noise ratios. Preliminary analysis indicates that back-side illuminated PV InSb arrays can be optimized for operation under these conditions, and some performance projections will be presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 12 p
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  • 19
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    Characterization of NTD germanium and ion-implanted Si bolometers at 0.3K and 0.1K (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Bolometer elements were built and tested using NTD germanium and ion-implanted Si thermometer elements. The thermal links were made using aluminum wires and NbC(x)N(y) coated carbon fibers. The temperature dependence of the detector resistance, lead thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were measured. The dependence of the detector resistance on applied electric field was also measured. This, combined with the current-voltage curve for the detector, allowed the calculation of the detector responsivity. Known amounts of energy were deposited into the detector by allowing X-rays from the decay of Fe-55 to be thermalized in the detector. In the best-measured case, the predicted pulse height/measured height was 1.04 + or - .05. The noise at frequencies above 25 Hz in the NTD Ge was near that predicted by thermodynamics. The noise below 25 Hz has a 1/f character and may be in the carbon fiber/bolometer junction. The implanted detectors show some 1/f noise which depends on the total thermometer volume. Comparison between noise measurements and theory will be presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 13 p
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  • 20
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    Status of NTD Ge bolometer material and devices (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The first IR Detector Technology Workshop took place at NASA Ames Research Center on July 12 and 13, 1983. The conclusions presented at that meeting are still valid. More was learned about the physics of hopping conduction at very low temperatures which will be important for bolometer design and operation at ever decreasing temperatures. Resistivity measurements were extended down to 50 mK. At such low temperatures, precise knowledge of the neutron capture cross sections sigma (sub n) of the various Ge isotopes is critical if one is to make an accurate prediction of the dopant concentrations and compensation, and therefore resistivity, that will result from a given irradiation. An empirical approach for obtaining the desired resistivity material is described and the process of conducting a set of experiments which will improve the knowledge of the effective sigma (sub n) values for a given location in a particular reactor is discussed. A wider range of NTD Ge samples is now available. Noise measurements on bolometers with ion implanted contacts show the no 1/f noise component appears down to 1 Hz and probably lower.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 13 p
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  • 21
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    Ge:Be infrared photoconductors (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Ge:Be photoconductors were optimized for the 30 to 50 micron wavelength range. Crystal growth of detector quality material requires good control of both the Be and residual impurity doping. Detective quantum efficiencies of n sub d = 46% at 5 A/W were achieved at a photon background of 10 to the 8th power p/s. The responsivity of Ge:Be detectors can be strongly temperature-dependent when the residual shallow levels in the material are closely compensated. Transient responses on the order of approximately 1 second were observed in some materials. The role of residual shallow impurities on the performance of photoconductors doped with semi-deep and deep impurities is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 13 p
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  • 22
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    Detector systems for ISO's photometer ISOPHOT (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: One of the four focal plane instruments of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) is ISOPHOT, a photopolarimeter for the wavelength region 3 to 200 microns. Each experiment occupies a quadrant of the focal plane. The telescope beam is directed into each experiment by means of a pyramid mirror and by tilting the satellite. The diameter of the unvignetted field of view is 3 arcmin or 7.85 mm in the focal plane (1 mm = 23 arcsec). The temperatures provided are 3 K for cooling the detector systems and 8 K for the experiment structure. Available detectors are described along with the current status of the experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 11 p
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  • 23
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    Progress in the development of integrating JFET amplifiers (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A new approach to infrared detector readout has appeared with the development of integrating JFET amplifiers. This brief progress report includes results on the operation of commercially available devices at a temperature of 40 K, on their sensitivity and on an effort to develop a new JFET with properties optimized for cryogenic applications. Even with presently available devices it will be shown that for applications such as the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), the most strigent sensitivity requirements of noise currents as low as 1 electron/sec in less than 100 seconds of integration can be met.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 9 p
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  • 24
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    Dark current measurement in photoconductors (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) is envisioned as a next generation space observatory for observations between 2 and 700 microns. In order to address many of the important scientific questions in areas such as cosmology, star formation, and galaxy evolution, infrared detectors of unparalleled sensitivity will be required. Dark current measurements are described for a number of different discrete photoconductive detectors that may be of importance at the very low backgrounds expected with SIRTF.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 11 p
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  • 25
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    Detector requirements for space infrared astronomy (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Requirements for background-limited (BLIP) detectors are discussed in terms of number of photons falling on each pixel, dark current, high detective quantum efficiencies, large numbers of pixels, and array size.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the Second Infrared Detector Technology Workshop; 4 p
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  • 26
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    Comparison of various techniques for calibration of AIS data (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) samples a region which is strongly influenced by decreasing solar irradiance at longer wavelengths and strong atmospheric absorptions. Four techniques, the Log Residual, the Least Upper Bound Residual, the Flat Field Correction and calibration using field reflectance measurements were investigated as a means for removing these two features. Of the four techniques field reflectance calibration proved to be superior in terms of noise and normalization. Of the other three techniques, the Log Residual was superior when applied to areas which did not contain one dominant cover type. In heavily vegetated areas, the Log Residual proved to be ineffective. After removing anomalously bright data values, the Least Upper Bound Residual proved to be almost as effective as the Log Residual in sparsely vegetated areas and much more effective in heavily vegetated areas. Of all the techniques, the Flat Field Correction was the noisest.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: JPL Proceedings of the Second Airborn Imaging Spectrometer Data Analysis Workshop; p 21-30
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  • 27
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    Radiometric calibration of the airborne imaging spectrometer (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Several laboratory calibration tests were developed for the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS). The goals of these tests are to adjust the physical alignment of the detector within the optical system and set the spectral endpoints, and produce a calibration file of multipliers which equalizes the relative responses of each of the detector elements in the entire two-dimensional array. Tests are also performed as part of an ongoing effort to provide absolute radiometric calibration. The tests are described and the merits and limitations of each are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Proceedings of the Second Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Data Analysis Workshop; p 17-20
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  • 28
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    Application of computer image enhancement techniques to shuttle hand-held photography (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: With the advent of frequent Space Transportation System Shuttle missions, photography from hyperaltitudes stands to become an accessible and convenient resource for scientists and environmental managers. As satellite products (such as LANDSAT) continue to spiral in costs, all but the most affluent consumer is finding Earth imagery from space to be more and more unavailable. Therefore, the potential for Shuttle photography to serve a wide variety of users is increasing. However, despite the popularity of photos from space as public relations tools and report illustrations, little work has been performed to prove their scientific worth beyond that as basic mapping bases. It is the hypothesis of this project that hand-held Earth photography from the Space Shuttle has potentially high scientific merit and that primary data can be extracted. In effect, Shuttle photography should be considered a major remote sensing information resource.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center NASA/American Society for Engineering Educati; NASA. Johnson Space
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  • 29
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    Astronomical imaging by filtered weighted-shift-and-add technique (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The weighted-shift-and-add speckle imaging technique is analyzed using simple assumptions. The end product is shown to be a convolution of the object with a typical point-spread function (psf) that is similar in shape to the telescope psf and depends marginally on the speckle psf. A filter can be applied to each data frame before locating the maxima, either to identify the speckle locations (matched filter) or to estimate the instantaneous atmospheric psf (Wiener filter). Preliminary results show the power of the technique when applied to photon-limited data and to extended objects.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America, Journal, A: Optics and Image Science (ISSN 0740-3232); 3; 2069-207
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    Balloon-borne cryogenic spectrometer for measurement of lower stratospheric trace constituents (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A liquid-nitrogen cooled, multidetector Fourier transform spectrometer has been constructed to measure minor stratospheric constituents via high resolution, earth-limb emission spectroscopy from a balloon-borne platform. Cryogenic cooling, combined with the use of extrinsic silicon photoconductor detectors cooled to liquid-helium temperature, allows the detection of weak emission features of gaseous species. The spectrometer has two basic scan modes: the first mode records the continuous spectrum from 650-2100/cm with 0.2/cm resolution; the second simultaneously records four preselected narrow intervals (about 175/cm bandpass each) with 0.02/cm resolution, unapodized. Filtering of the interferogram signal is done by real-time, digital signal processing. The most important feature of this flat mirror Michelson system, with respect to remote balloon-borne operation, is the dynamic alignment system which maintains the relative parallelism of the two flat reflectors of the interferometer. Species identified to date in data obtained during a Nov. 6, 1984, flight include: CO2, O3, H2O, CH4, HNO3, N2O, NO2, NO, CCl3F (Freon-11) and CF2Cl2 (Freon-12).
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    Soft X-ray photoemission with the SSX-100 spectrometer (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Photoemission and SEXAFS experiments were conducted using a double crystal monochromator at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Photoelectrons were detected using a Surface Science Laboratories SSX-100 electron analyzer, which employs a magnetic/electrostatic lens, hemispherical geometry, and a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. In the kinetic energy range of interest (1000-2000 eV), a significant improvement in count rate was observed over a single channel cylindrical mirror analyzer system. Ten second scans of the KLL silicon Auger peak manifold were recorded at a large number of photon energies for subsequent determination of SEXAFS spectra.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A - Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment (ISSN 0168-9002); A246; 806-809
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  • 32
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    On the energy resolution obtained with a multistep proportional counter (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results of laboratory experiments with a standard multiwire imaging proportional counter (MWPC), modified to include a parallel grid preamplification stage are presented. Both argon and xenon were used as the primary absorbing gas in conjunction with a number of quench gases. It is found that extremely good energy resolution is obtained from the preamplification stage, almost independent of the ionization potential of the quench gas and over a broad range of gains. Furthermore, regardless of absorbing gas or quench agent, there was no difficulty in transferring a portion of this preamplified charge to the MWPC section for multistep mode operation. Finally, even for overall system gains greater than 10,000, the energy resolution from the second stage is found to be significantly improved, as long as the preamplification stage is operating. These results should have wide application and are of special interest for X-ray astronomy.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A - Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment (ISSN 0168-9002); A248; 550-556
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  • 33
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    Direct measurement of skin friction with a new instrument (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The design and performance of a small belt-type skin-friction gage to measure wall shear-stress coefficients in wind-tunnel testing are described, summarizing the report of Vakili and Wu (1982). The sensor employs a flexible belt of variable surface characteristics; this belt, wrapped tightly around two cylinders mounted on frictionless flexures, is equipped with strain gages to estimate the deflection of the belt by the flow. An alternative approach uses IR illumination, optical fibers, and a photosensitive transistor, permitting direct measurement of the belt deflection. Drawings, diagrams, and graphs of sample data are provided.
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    Droplet field visualization and characterization via digital image analysis (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper describes techniques that have been developed at JPL for visualization and measurements of droplet fields in a moving airstream. The techniques have been applied to a variety of problems which include simulation of heavy rain conditions in a wind tunnel, engine ingestion of wheel spray, analysis of fuel nozzle sprays and aerodynamic breakup of non-Newtonian liquids. The approach pursued here is direct imaging using a pulsed laser illumination source, followed by digital processing of photographic images. A laser double pulse technique has been used for determination of droplet velocities. Laser induced fluorescence has been used to enhance droplet definition in photographic images. The image processing software developed is capable of distinguishing between out-of-focus and in-focus drops, retaining only the latter for size determination.
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  • 35
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    Electrooptic phase modulation gas correlation spectroscopy - A laboratory demonstration (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A new gas-correlation spectroscopy technique is described which uses electrooptic phase modulation (EOPM) of atmospheric emission spectra together with a reference cell to selectively detect radiatively active gases. Laboratory results demonstrate that the EOPM gas-correlation technique is a sensitive approach to species abundance measurements, and support the feasibility of an instrument for measurement of winds in the stratosphere and mesosphere using an EOPM. Through the measurement of wind-induced Doppler shifts in the spectra of atmospheric species, this instrument offers a means of monitoring the wind field in the 20-100 km altitude range from a satellite.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 2860-286
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  • 36
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    Use of hot-wire anemometry for turbulence measurements in shock induced flows (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A research program is currently being conducted with the aim to investigate the operating environment of future gas turbines. The present paper provides a description of the experimental methods which have been employed in performing turbulence intensity measurements in shock-induced flows. In a discussion of the instrumentation, attention is given to the employed low pressure shock tube, the hot-wire probe, the anemometer, the test facility, the experimental setup, the Kistler pressure transducer, and silicon piezoresistive gages. Aspects of instrumentation calibration are considered along with data corrections, experimental data, and data processing.
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  • 37
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    Stressed Ge:Ga infrared detectors - Performance and operational parameters (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A stressed Ge:Ga infrared detector was tested in various operating conditions. Background-limited performance was demonstrated at photon backgrounds down to less than 10 to the 8th photon/s sq cm. The optimal operational parameters were determined.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 1698-170
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    Integrated development facility for the calibration of low-energy charged particle flight instrumentation (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The design of a low-energy ion facility for development and calibration of thermal ion instrumentation is examined. A directly heated cathode provides the electrons used to produce ions by impact ionization and an applied magnetic field increases the path length followed by the electrons. The electrostatic and variable geometry magnetic mirror configuration in the ion source is studied. The procedures for the charge neutralization of the beam and the configuration and function of the 1.4-m drift tube are analyzed. A microcomputer is utilized to control and monitor the beam energy and composition, and the mass- and angle-dependent response of the instrument under testing. The facility produces a high-quality ion beam with an adjustable range of energies up to 150 eV; the angular divergence and uniformity of the beam is obtained from two independent retarding potential analyzers. The procedures for calibrating the instrument being developed are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 57; 572-582
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  • 39
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    Use of a raster framebuffer in vision research (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: For the study of human and animal vision, the video framebuffer is the only technology that is capable of displaying two-dimensional images with precise control of contrast, luminance, and display timing. The video framebuffer also allows precise control of color. However, this device is not designed for precise psychophysical displays, and techniques must be developed to use them in this role. In order to be concrete, an RDS-3000 raster display system (Adage, 1982) is used which is hosted by a PDP-11/73 under the Venix operating system. The principles generalize to other machines. Where it clarifies the issues, the syntax of the software routines involved is shown.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers (ISSN 0743-3838); 18; 6, 19
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  • 40
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    Ramp-integration technique for capacitance-type blade-tip clearance measurement (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The analysis of a proposed new technique for capacitance type blade tip clearance measurement is presented. The capacitance between the blade tip and a mounted capacitance electrode within a guard ring forms one of the feedback elements of a high speed operational amplifier. The differential equation governing the operational amplifier circuit is formulated and solved for two types of inputs to the amplifier - a constant voltage and a ramp. The resultant solution shows an output that contains a term that is proportional to the derivative of the product of the input voltage and the time constant of the feedback network. The blade tip clearance capacitance is obtained by subtracting the output of a balancing reference channel followed by integration. The proposed sampled data algorithm corrects for environmental effects and varying rotor speeds on-line, making the system suitable for turbine instrumentation. System requirements, block diagrams, and a typical application are included.
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  • 41
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    Crash response data system for the controlled impact demonstration (CID) of a full scale transport aircraft (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: NASA Langley's Crash Response Data System (CRDS) which is designed to acquire aircraft structural and anthropomorphic dummy responses during the full-scale transport CID test is described. Included in the discussion are the system design approach, details on key instrumentation subsystems and operations, overall instrumentation crash performance, and data recovery results. Two autonomous high-environment digital flight instrumentation systems, DAS 1 and DAS 2, were employed to obtain research data from various strain gage, accelerometer, and tensiometric sensors installed in the B-720 test aircraft. The CRDS successfully acquired 343 out of 352 measurements of dynamic crash data.
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  • 42
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    A miniature remote deadweight calibrator (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A miniature, computer-controlled, deadweight calibrator was developed to remotely calibrate a force transducer mounted in a cryogenic chamber. This simple mechanism allows automatic loading and unloading of deadweights placed onto a skin friction balance during calibrations. Equipment for the calibrator includes a specially designed set of five interlocking 200-milligram weights, a motorized lifting platform, and a controller box taking commands from a microcomputer on an IEEE interface. The computer is also used to record and reduce the calibration data and control other calibration parameters. The full-scale load for this device is 1,000 milligrams; however, the concept can be extended to accommodate other calibration ranges.
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    An electronic scanner of pressure for wind tunnel models (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: An electronic scanner of pressure (ESOP) has been developed by NASA Ames Research Center for installation in wind tunnel models. An ESOP system consists of up to 20 pressure modules (PMs), each with 48 pressure transducers and a heater, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter module, a microprocessor, a data controller, a monitor unit, a control and processing unit, and a heater controller. The PMs and the A/D converter module are sized to be installed in the models tested in the Ames Aerodynamics Division wind tunnels. A unique feature of the pressure module is the lack of moving parts such as a pneumatic switch used in other systems for in situ calibrations. This paper describes the ESOP system and the results of the initial testing of the system. The initial results indicate the system meets the original design goal of 0.15 percent accuracy.
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    Multichannel Fabry-Perot spectrometer for infrared astronomy (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A multichannel design which makes use of the radiation normally rejected in a Fabry-Perot spectrometer is described, with application to infrared astronomy. The present optical design minimizes the diameters of the etalon and optics. The use of spherical mirrors ensures that no radiation is lost through the entrance aperture, and the beams can be completely collimated at the etalon. Laboratory studies demonstrate that the ability to employ eight channels increases by a factor of four the flux integrated during a given time period compared with that of a single-channel instrument. The spectrometer is nondispersive, and the source can be imaged at each of several output spectral positions.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 4520-452
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    Real-time computer-generated hologram by means of liquid-crystal television spatial light modulator (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The usefulness of an inexpensive liquid-crystal television) (LCTV) as a spatial light modulator for coherent-optical processing in the writing and reconstruction of a single computer-generated hologram has been demonstrated. The thickness nonuniformities of the LCTV screen were examined in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the phase distortions were successfully removed using a technique in which the LCTV screen was submerged in a liquid gate filled with an index-matching nonconductive mineral oil with refractive index of about 1.45.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optics Letters (ISSN 0146-9592); 11; 748-750
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  • 46
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    The GSFC/Wisconsin X-ray spectroscopy investigation for AXAF (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A novel device is described which combines the high quantum efficiency of a photoelectric detector with the high energy resolution of a dispersive spectrometer in a system that operates simultaneously over the whole AXAF bandpass. It is basically an X-ray calorimeter, in which the temperature rise of an X-ray absorber following the deposition of energy from a single X-ray photon can be measured to an accuracy expected to be of order one part in 1000 at 6 keV.
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  • 47
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    A fluorescent gated proportional counter for X-ray astronomy (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The development of a position-sensitive proportional counter having a large drift volume is reported. It incorporates a fluorescent gating technique which results in a large improvement in background rejection over conventional proportional counters, and in addition offers the benefit of enhanced energy resolution (predicted to be about 3 percent at 40 keV) above the K shell of Xe.
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  • 48
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    Development of a multistep detector for X-ray astronomy (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The addition of a preamplification region is shown to dramatically improve the performance of a standard multiwire proportional counter (MWPC). This improvement is a direct consequence of effecting a large degree of preamplification in a perfectly uniform electric field and then transferring a well defined portion of this charge to a MWPC running at a modest gain. In this way, very large overall gas gains can be achieved without compromising energy resolution. The resulting device is known as a multistep detector.
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    Fiber-optic interferometer using frequency-modulated laser diodes (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper describes an electrically passive fiber-optic interferometer which uses dual frequency-modulated laser diodes. Experimental results show that this type of interferometer can attain a displacement range of 100 micron with subnanometer resolution. This technique can serve as the basis for a number of high-precision fiber-optic sensors.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 3469-347
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    Analysis of far-infrared emission Fourier transform spectra (1986)
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    Beschreibung: An analysis method that uses the nonlinear least-squares fit technique has been developed for emission spectra obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer. This method is used for the analysis of submillimeter-region atmospheric emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne FT spectrometer that was carried out as a correlative measurement for the Limb IR Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) satellite experiment. The retrieved mixing ratios of H2O and O3 in the stratosphere from four spectral intervals have standard deviations of about 10 percent, and the average values agree to within 10 percent of corresponding results from the LIMS satellite experiment which used a broadband emission radiometer in the IR region.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 3490-350
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    The laser interferometer skin-friction meter - A numerical and experimental study (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Limits to the applicability of thin-film lubrication theory are established. The following two problems are considered: (1) the response of the oil film to a time-varying skin friction such as is encountered in turbulent boundary layers, and (2) a 'surface-wave instability' encountered at high skin-friction levels. Results corresponding to the first problem reveal that the laser interferometer skin-friction meter may, in principle, be applied to the measurement of instantaneous skin friction. In addressing the second problem, it is shown that the observed surface waves are not the result of a hydrodynamic instability.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Physics E - Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0022-3735); 19; 744-751
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    Large aperture interferometer with phase-conjugate self-reference beam (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A large aperture self-referencing interferometer consisting of a Twyman-Green interferometer using a self-pumped phase conjugator in series with test section optics is described and experimentally demonstrated. This interferometer provides twice the fringe shift of a Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer for a given optical phase change induced within the test section. It also provides greater irradiance in the reference beam than does a similar series setup utilizing a M-Z interferometer incorporating a local reference beam. Whereas the ordinary interferometer records instantaneous conditions, the new one records overage conditions if a BaTiO3 crystal is used as the phase conjugator.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 3167-317
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    Feasibility of mapping solution properties during the growth of protein crystals (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper summarizes the feasibility of using optical techniques for mapping the convection, temperature, and solute concentration in the solution around a growing protein crystal. Convection can be mapped by a variety of techniques which measure either refractive index differences, displacements, velocity, or solute optical absorption. For protein crystal growth, however, ordinary schlieren and interferometric techniques are marginally sensitive and most displacement marking techniques unsuitable; therefore, phase-concentration by the absorption-interferometric technique appears to be quite feasible for protein solutions because of their low dn/dC. Finally, the monitoring of protein crystal growth rates appears to be feasible by double-exposure holography or birefringence.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 76; 656-662
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    Measurements with an airborne, autotracking, external-head sunphotometer (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Design and performance features and sample results from use of a NASA airborne tracking sunphotometer (ATS) are described. The ATS was devised to obtain continuous vertical profiles of the optical depth and transmissivity, first from a CV-990 aircraft and then from a modified DC-8 aircraft. Sample results are presented from a 1985 flight as part of the SAGE-II calibration mission, which featured detectors frequencies of 380, 450, 600, 860, 940, and 1020 microns and covered flight altitudes from ground to 10 km.
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    FTIR characterization of advanced materials (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper surveys the application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the characterization of advanced materials. FTIR sampling techniques including internal and external reflectance and photoacoustic spectroscopy are discussed. Representative examples from the literature of the analysis of resins, fibers, prepregs and composites are reviewed. A discussion of several promising specialized FTIR techniques is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: SAMPE Quarterly (ISSN 0036-0821); 17; 32-38
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    Ultrasonic level sensors for liquids under high pressure (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: An ultrasonic level sensor of novel design continuously measures the level of a liquid subjected to a high pressure (up to about 40 MPa), as is sometimes required for the effective transfer of the liquid. The sensor operates as a composite resonator fabricated from a standard high-pressure plug. A flat-bottom hole is machined into the plug along its center line. An ultrasonic transducer is bonded rigidly to the interior surface of the bottom wall, while the exterior surface is in contact with the liquid. Although the bottom wall is designed to satisfy the pressure code, it is still sufficiently thin to permit ready excitation of the axisymmetric plate modes of vibration. The liquid level is measured by a conventional pulse-echo technique. A prototype sensor was tested successfully in a 2300-l water vessel at pressures up to about 37 MPa. A spectral analysis of the transmitted pulse reveals that the flexural, extensional, thickness-shear, and radial plate modes are excited into vibration, but none of these appears to be significantly affected by the pressurization of the liquid.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 57; 2318-232
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    Solid-state radio frequency oscillator for optogalvanic spectroscopy - Detection of nitric oxide using the 2-0 overtone transition (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A compact, solid-state radio-frequency oscillator of low-power consumption is described, which allows quantitative measurement of the optogalvanic effect in low-pressure gas discharges. The oscillator has been used to record a portion of the 2-0 overtone band of nitric oxide at a pressure of about 1 Torr using a tunable color-center laser operating at 2.65 microns.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 57; 2242-224
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    Lens collimation and testing using a Twyman-Green interferometer with a self-pumped phase-conjugating mirror (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Ordinarily Twyman-Green interferometers are employed testing optical elements. In a modification of the basic configuration, the ordinary mirror in the test arm is replaced with a self-pumped phase-conjugating mirror using a barium titanate crystal. It is shown that, with a redefinition of components, the new configuration permits retention and improvement of the optical element testing function while simultaneously serving as a sensitive test for collimation. The optical path difference resulting from the double pass in the original Twyman-Green interferometer approximately equals that of the single pass and phase conjugation in the modification.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 473
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  • 59
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    High-resolution observations of low contrast phenomena from an advanced geosynchronous platform (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Present technology allows radiometric monitoring of the earth, ocean and atmosphere from a geosynchronous platform with good spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. The proposed system could provide a capability for multispectral remote sensing with a 50 m nadir spatial resolution in the visible bands, 250 m in the 4 micron band and 1 km in the 11 micron thermal infrared band. The diffraction limited telescope has a 1 m aperture, a 10 m focal length (with a shorter focal length in the infrared) and linear and area arrays of detectors. The diffraction limited resolution applies to scenes of any brightness but for a dark low contrast scenes, the good signal to noise ratio of the system contribute to the observation capability. The capabilities of the AGP system are assessed for quantitative observations of ocean scenes. Instrument and ground system configuration are presented and projected sensor capabilities are analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2517-252
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  • 60
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    The necessity for a new parameterization of an empirical model for wind/ocean scatterometry (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Difficulties related to the paucity of weather observation data regarding oceans were potentially alleviated for three summer months in 1978 when NASA's Seasat telemetered data from three wind-measuring instruments. The present study is concerned with one of these instruments, the Seasat A Scatterometer System (SASS). Attention is given to an internal consistency check of the SASS 1 model, comparisons of SASS 1 and other model-predicted winds with in situ winds, and a brief summary of the principal findings. It is found that a new wind retrieval system is required if SASS wind data are to be globally applicable and, at the same time, are to meet the required performance specifications. The sum-of-squares (SOS) technique for inverting SASS NRCS (normalized radar cross section) measurements results in the discarding of valuable data in low-speed areas and for higher incidence angles.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2273-228
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  • 61
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    Cryogenic tunnel measurement of total temperature and pressure (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A newly developed, 3-mm-diam, dual hot-wire aspirating probe was used to measure the time-resolved stagnation temperature and pressure in a transonic cryogenic wind tunnel. Measurements were taken in the freestream of the settling chamber and test section. Data were also obtained in the unsteady wake shed from an airfoil oscillating at 5 Hz. The investigation revealed the presence of large fluctuations in the settling chamber occuring at the blade passing frequency of the driving fan of the tunnel. These fluctuations decrease at the test section. The rms value of the fluctuating stagnation pressure decreased from 17.5 percent in the settling chamber to 3.7 percent in the test section. Fluctuating stagnation temperature decreased from 12.3 percent to 8.4 percent. Measurements in the wake of the oscillating airfoil showed a fluctuating stagnation temperature of as much as 42 K in rms value.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 23; 244-249
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  • 62
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    1985 Nuclear Science Symposium, 32nd, and 1985 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems, 17th, San Francisco, CA, October 23-25, 1985, Proceedings (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The present conference ranges over topics in high energy physics instrumentation, detectors, nuclear medical applications, health physics and environmental monitoring, reactor instrumentation, nuclear spacecraft instrumentation, the 'Fastbus' data acquisition system, circuits and systems for nuclear research facilities, and the development status of nuclear power systems. Specific attention is given to CCD high precision detectors, a drift chamber preamplifier, a Cerenkov ring imaging detector, novel scintillation glasses and scintillating fibers, a modular multidrift vertex detector, radial wire drift chambers, liquid argon polarimeters, a multianode photomultiplier, the reliability of planar silicon detectors, the design and manufacture of wedge and strip anodes, ultrafast triode photodetectors, photomultiplier tubes, a barium fluoride plastic scintillator, a fine grained neutron hodoscope, the stability of low leakage silicon photodiodes for crystal calorimeters, and X-ray proportional counters. Also considered are positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Geiger-Muller detectors, nuclear plant safeguards, a 32-bit Fastbus computer, an advanced light water reactor, and nuclear plant maintenance.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: (ISSN 0018-9499)
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  • 63
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    A sphere-scanning radiometer for rapid directional measurements of sky and ground radiance (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The development of the Portable Apparatus for Rapid Acquisition of Bidirectional Observations of the Land and Atmosphere (PARABOLA) and a transportable platform system is examined. The PARABOLA is a three channel rotating head radiometer which samples in 15 deg instantaneous field-of-view sectors using a sensor head, data recording unit, and an internal power pack. The composition and operation of the sensor scan, data, and power systems are described. The calibration and laboratory testing of the instrument is discussed. The field testing of a tripod-and-boom mount apparatus, a boom-equipped instrument van, and a hot-air balloon mount, in order to select the proper support device for the PARABOLA sensor head is analyzed. The design and functions of the Transportable Pickup Mount System, which is a lightweight, collapsible boom apparatus, are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 19; 1-24
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  • 64
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    Frequency domain laser velocimeter signal processor (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A new laser velocimeter signal processor is described which uses advanced digital circuitry to configure itself to maximize measurement accuracy based on the characteristics of the input signals. This processor maintains measurement independence from burst to burst and yields measurement accuracies better than 0.2 percent for signal frequencies up to 100 MHz.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 65
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    Hybrid analog/digital, large format, photon counting detectors for astronomy (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The development of a new microchannel plate photon-counting detector with an analog readout method based on a resistive anode is reported. This detector exhibits extremely high, stable electron gains of 10 to the 8th. At this gain, the spatial resolution is no longer primarily limited by the noise of the resistive anode, so that digital methods of readout, such as discrete conductors, lose their advantage. These detectors can be readily scaled to 40 mm and 70 mm formats to match plate scales of 2-m (and larger) telescopes. New, high speed digital electronics fully exploit the high spatial and time resolution made possible by gains of this level. Analysis of the theoretical performance of this detector shows that the major limitation to the spatial resolution is the proximity focus of the photocathode and the first microchannel plate. The detector has been mated to an echelle spectrograph developed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 66
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    Low-background direct readout array performance (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The development and evaluation of an integrated array of antimony-doped silicon detectors is described. The spectral range of extrinsic silicon-integrated arrays useful for low-background IR astronomical applications is extended to about 31 microns with this development. The 58 x 62-element array is accessed by a direct readout multiplexer. The device is evaluated with a flexible microcomputer-based drive and readout electronics system in a low-background test dewar. Acceptance testing indicates single-pixel NEPs in the mid-10 to the -18th W/sq rt Hz range, and good global uniformity statistics.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 67
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    High speed imaging - An important industrial tool (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: High-speed photography, which is a rapid sequence of photographs that allow an event to be analyzed through the stoppage of motion or the production of slow-motion effects, is examined. In high-speed photography 16, 35, and 70 mm film and framing rates between 64-12,000 frames per second are utilized to measure such factors as angles, velocities, failure points, and deflections. The use of dual timing lamps in high-speed photography and the difficulties encountered with exposure and programming the camera and event are discussed. The application of video cameras to the recording of high-speed events is described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Technical Photography (ISSN 0040-0971); 18; 22-25
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  • 68
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    An electromagnetic/electrostatic dual cathode system for electron beam instruments (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A method of providing cathode redundancy which consists of two fixed cathodes and uses electromagnetic and/or electrostatic fields to direct the electron beam to the electron optical axis is presented, with application to the cathode system of the Scanning Electron Microscope and Particle Analyzer proposed for NASA's Mariner Mark II Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby projected for the 1990s. The symmetric double deflection system chosen has the optical property that the image of the effective electron source is formed above the magnet assembly near the apparent position of the effective source, and it makes the transverse positions of the electron sources independent of the electron beam energy. Good performance of the system is found, with the sample imaging resolution being the same as for the single-axis cathode.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    A parametric study of the beam refraction problems across laser anemometer windows (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The experimenter is often required to view flows through a window with a different index of refraction than either the medium being observed or the medium that the laser anemometer is immersed in. The refraction that occurs at the window surfaces may lead to undesirable changes in probe volume position or beam crossing angle and can lead to partial or complete beam uncrossing. This report describes the results of a parametric study of this problem using a ray tracing technique to predict these changes. The windows studied were a flat plate and a simple cylinder. For the flat-plate study: (1) surface thickness, (2) beam crossing angle, (3) bisecting line - surface normal angle, and (4) incoming beam plane surface orientation were varied. For the cylindrical window additional parameters were also varied: (1) probe volume immersion, (2) probe volume off-radial position, and (3) probe volume position out of the r-theta plane of the lens. A number of empirical correlations were deduced to aid the reader in determining the movement, uncrossing, and change in crossing angle for a particular situations.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 70
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    A faint-object grism spectrograph with multiple slits and CCD detector (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A high-efficiency spectrograph for research on faint astronomical objects has been successfully built and is in regular use on the Multiple-Mirror Telescope (MMT). It is equipped with a motorized multi-slit mechanism to allow simultaneous observations of several objects. The combination of high throughput, multiple object capability, and low-noise CCD detector has allowed routine work to be extended to objects of V magnitude 23 and fainter.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Laser anemometry measurements of natural circulation flow in a scale model PWR reactor system (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The natural circulation of a single phase fluid in a scale model of a pressurized water reactor system during a postulated grade core accident is analyzed. The fluids utilized were water and SF6. The design of the reactor model and the similitude requirements are described. Four LDA tests were conducted: water with 28 kW of heat in the simulated core, with and without the participation of simulated steam generators; water with 28 kW of heat in the simulated core, with the participation of simulated steam generators and with cold upflow of 12 lbm/min from the lower plenum; and SF6 with 0.9 kW of heat in the simulated core and without the participation of the simulated steam generators. For the water tests, the velocity of the water in the center of the core increases with vertical height and continues to increase in the upper plenum. For SF6, it is observed that the velocities are an order of magnitude higher than those of water; however, the velocity patterns are similar.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 72
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    dc electric field meter with fiber-optic readout (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The design of a dc electric field meter capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of the electric field at an arbitrary location above the ground plane is described. The meter is based on measuring induced charge on a split cylindrical electrode pair which is rotated around its axis of symmetry. Data readout is by fiber-optic cable using pulse frequency encoding. The sensing head is electrically isolated. Initial results are reported from a series of tests at General Electric's High Voltage Transmission Research Facility, Pittsfield, MA. The electric field was measured in a large test cage and under a dc test line. Measurement of field magnitude and direction around a human subject standing under the conductor was demonstrated.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 57; 2746-275
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  • 73
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    Reliability of scanning laser acoustic microscopy for detecting internal voids in structural ceramics (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The reliability of 100 MHz scanning laser acoustic microscopy (SLAM) for detecting internal voids in sintered specimens of silicon nitride and silicon carbide was evaluated. The specimens contained artificially implanted voids and were positioned at depths ranging up to 2 mm below the specimen surface. Detection probability of 0.90 at a 0.95 confidence level was determined as a function of material, void diameter, and void depth. The statistical results presented for void detectability indicate some of the strengths and limitations of SLAM as a nondestructive evaluation technique for structural ceramics.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Advanced Ceramic Materials (ISSN 0883-5551); 1; 252-258
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  • 74
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    Initializing a flicker-noise generator (1986)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The behavior of the stationary process, y(s), resulting from a particular Barnes-Jarvis (1971) flicker-noise generator filter initialization is analyzed along with that of the usual output, y(p), and the results are compared to those derived from the theory of true nonstationary flicker noise. A computer simulation and theoretical analysis indicates that though y(s) and y(p) two-sample variances are almost the same, they have significantly different time-interval errors (TIE). As time increases, up to the useful life of the generator output, more and more of the y(s) TIE is found to be due to the transient part.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (ISSN 0018-9456); IM-35; 222-224
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    Sensor technology for advanced space missions (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The capability and applications of two sensors, Spatial, High-Accuracy, Position-Encoding Sensor (SHAPES) and Fiber Optics Rotation Sensor (FORS), for advanced missions are discussed. The multiple target, 3-D position sensing capability of SHAPES meets a critical technology need for many developing applications. A major milestone of the SHAPES task was completed on schedule on May 30, 1986, by demonstrating simultaneous ranging to eight moving targets at a rate of 10 measurements per second. The range resolution to static target was shown to be 25 microns. SHAPES scheduled technology readiness will support the sensor needs of a number of early users. The next phase in the development of SHAPES is to incorporate an angular measurement CCD to provide the full 3-dimensional sensing. A flight unit design and fabrication can be complete by FY89. FORS, with its significant improvement over present technology in lifetime, performance, weight, power, and recurrent cost, will be an important technology for future space systems. Technology readiness will be demonstrated with a FORS brassboard with fully integrated IO chips by FY88. The unique capability of miniature remote sensing heads, connected to a central system, will open up new areas in control and stability of large space structures. This application requires additional study.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center NASA(DOD Control)Structures Interaction Technology, 1986; p 207-219
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    The NASA Lewis Strain Gauge Laboratory: An update (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: Efforts continue in the development and evaluation of electrical resistance strain gauges of the thin film and small diameter wire type. Results obtained early in 1986 on some Chinese gauges and Kanthal A-1 gauges mounted on a Hastelloy-X substrate are presented. More recent efforts include: (1) the determination of the uncertainty in the ability to establish gauge factor, (2) the evaluation of sputtered gauges that were fabricated at Lewis, (3) an investigation of the efficacy of dual element temperature compensated gauges when using strain gauge alloys having large thermal coefficients of resistance, and (4) an evaluation of the practical methods of stabilizing gauges whose apparent strain is dependent on cooling rate (e.g., FeCrAl gauges).
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology 1986; p 91-96
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    Monitored background radiometer (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The infrared (IR) testing of the Olympus thermal model has provided a capability to perform cost effective thermal balance testing of satellites and satellite components. A high-accuracy monitored background radiometer was developed for the measurement of absorbed radiation heat flux encountered during IR thermal vacuum testing of spacecraft. The design, development, and calibration of this radiometer is described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Fourteenth Space Simulation Conference: Testing for a Permanent Presence in Space; p 15-26
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    Comparison of medium frequency pulsed radar interferometer and correlation analysis winds, part 2 (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: In order to test whether the chosen Doppler peaks represent localized scatters in motion, as opposed to some sort of integrated composite, an attempt was made to determine the change in position of single scatterers over a series of sequential records. A four-antenna system was employed which had 1 degree of freedom in phase. Due to limitations N-S linear transmission and E-W linear reception were used. The Doppler frequency peak selection criteria were that at least two of the four power spectra should have a local peak, and that normalized phase discrepancy, should be less than 0.3. The lack of success in tracking individual scatters seems to suggest a short lifetime. If this is the case, then the present experiment is not able to resolve the difference found between the correlation analysis true velocity and the interferometer value. On the other hand, it appears that the interferometer may be of some use in tracking waves.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 20; 4 p
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    Comparison of medium frequency pulsed radar interferometer and correlation analysis winds, part 1 (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: In principle, the interferometer analysis determines the radial velocity and direction of single scatterers provided that each has a sufficiently different Doppler frequency to permit separation by spectral analysis. In fact, scatterers will not have constant radial velocity, and their Doppler frequencies as well as their directions will be modulated by their horizontal motion. Thus, there is a tradeoff between the poorer resolution but less smeared scatterers on shorter records and the higher resolution (longer) records. Three or more non-collinear scatterers are sufficient to determine the wind. It appears that the velocity found from the combined interferometer peaks agrees well with the apparent velocity from correlation methods, but the true velocity is a factor of 2 smaller. This difference might be resolved by searching for scatters showing regular movement between adjacent records.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 20; 6 p
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    Generation of attenuation corrected images from lidar data (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The interpretation of data generated by aerosol backscatter lidars is often facilitated by presentation of RHI and PPI images. These pictures are especially useful in studies of atmospheric boundary layer structure where convective elements, stratifications and aerosol laden plumes can be easily delineated. Procedures used at the University of Wisconsin to generate lidar images on a color enhanced raster scan display are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 4 p
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    Capacitor-type micrometeoroid detectors (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor micrometeroid detector consists of a thin dielectric capacitor fabricated on a silicon wafer. In operation, the device is charged to a voltage level sufficiently near breakdown that micrometeoroid impacts will cause dielectric deformation or heating and subsequent arc-over at the point of impact. Each detector is capable of recording multiple impacts because of the self-healing characteristics of the device. Support instrumentation requirements consist of a voltage source and pulse counters that monitor the pulse of recharging current following every impact. An investigation has been conducted in which 0.5 to 5 micron diameter carbonized iron spheres traveling at velocities of 4 to 10 Km/sec were impacted on to detectors with either a dielectric thickness of 0.4 or 1.0 micron. This study demonstrated that an ion microprobe tuned to sufficiently high resolution can detect Fe remaining on the detector after the impact. Furthermore, it is also possible to resolve Fe ion images free of mass interferences from Si, for example, giving its spatial distribution after impact. Specifically this technique has shown that significant amounts of impacting particles remain in the crater and near it which can be analyzed for isotopic content. Further testing and calibration could lead to quantitive analysis. This study has shown that the capacitor type micrometeroid detector is capable of not only time and flux measurements but can also be used for isotopic analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Trajectory Determinations and Collection of Micrometeoroids on the Space Station; p 94-96
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    A new instrument to measure charged and neutral cometary dust particles at low and high impact velocities (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A new class of dust particle detector, the PVDF dust detector, was designed for space missions such as the Halley Comet missions where the particle impact velocity is very high. It is demonstrated that this same PVDF detector (operating in a different mode) also has the capability of detecting dust particles having low velocity (approx. 100 m/s). This low velocity detection capability is extremely important in terms of planned missions requiring measurement of low velocity dust particles such as comet rendezvous missions. An additional detecting element (charge induction cylinder) was also developed which, when combined with a PVDF detector, yields a system which will measure the charge (magnitude and sign) carried by a cometary particle as well as the particle velocity and mass for impact velocities in the range 100 to 500 m/s. Since the cylinder-PVDF detector system has a relatively small geometry factors, an array of PVDF detectors was included having a total sensing area of 0.1 sq m for measurements in regions of space where the dust flux is expected to be low. The characteristics of the detectors in this array have been chosen to provide optimum mass sensitivity for both low-velocity cometary dust as well as high-velocity asteroid associated and interplanetary dust.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Trajectory Determinations and Collection of Micrometeoroids on the Space Station; p 54-55
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  • 83
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    Impact dynamics instrumentation (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: One of the tasks specified in the NASA Langley controlled impact demonstration (CID) work package was to furnish dynamic instrumentation sensors. The types of instrumentation sensors required were accelerometers for aircraft structural loads measurements, seat belt load cells to measure anthropomorphic dummy responses to the aircraft impact, and strain gage bending bridges to measure the aircraft fuselage and wing bending during impact. The objective in the selection of dynamic instrumentation for the CID was to provide 352 of the highest quality transducers and remain within budget allocation. The transducers that were selected for the CID evaluation process were each subjected to rigorous laboratory acceptance tests and to aircraft fuselage section drop tests at the LaRC Impact Dynamics Research Facility. Data compiled from this series of tests showed the selected transducers to be best suited for the CID mission requirement. The transducers installation technique on the airframe proved successful. The transducer quality assurance was guaranteed through rigorous acceptance testing. Data acquired was 97.0%.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Full-Scale Transport Controlled Impact Demonstration; p 289-301
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  • 84
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    NASA experiments on the B-720 structure and seats (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Two experiments onboard a remotely piloted transport aircraft that was crashed on landing are discussed. The structural experiment deals with the location and distribution of the instrumentation throughout the airplane structure. In the seat experiment, the development and testing of an energy absorbing seat are discussed. The objective of the structural experiment was to obtain a data base of structural crash loads for use in the advancement of crashworthy technology of materials (such as composites) in structural design and for use in the comparison between computer and experimental results. The objective of the seat experiment was to compare the performance of an energy absorbing transport seat and a standard seat when subjected to similar crash pulses. Details are given on the location of instrumentation, on the dynamic seat test pulse and headward acceleration limits.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Full-Scale Transport Controlled Impact Demonstration; p 29-47
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  • 85
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    Automated calibration of a flight particle spectrometer (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A system for calibrating both electron and ion imaging particle spectrometers was devised to calibrate flight instruments in a large vacuum facility in the Space Science Laboratory at the Marshall Space Flight Center. An IBM-compatible computer was used to control, via an IEEE 488 buss protocol, a two-axis gimbled table, constructed to fit inside the tank. Test settings of various diagnostic voltages were also acquired via the buss. These spectrometers constructed by the author at UCSD were calibrated in an automatic procedure programmed on the small computer. Data was up-loaded to the SSL VAX where a program was developed to plot the results.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Research Reports: 1985 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 18 p
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  • 86
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    The TIMS investigator's guide (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) is a NASA aircraft scanner providing six-channel spectral capability in the thermal infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Operating in the thermal infrared atmospheric window region (8 to 12 microns) with a sensitivity of approximately 0.1 C, TIMS may be used whenever an accurate measurement of spectral radiance or brightness temperature is needed. The purpose of the TIMS Investigator's Guide is to provide in one location, enough information about TIMS that potential investigators can decide whether or not it would provide measurements useful in their research program and to provide a new user of TIMS data sufficient information to begin analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The TIMS Data User's Workshop; p 8
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  • 87
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    The TIMS instrument (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The scan head and spectrometer of the Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) are mounted in the unpressurized tail cone of a NASA/NSTL Learjet and operated through a hole cut through the skin. Design criteria are discussed. The digitized field of view is described. The functions of the scan head and spectrometer are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: JPL, California Inst. of Technology The TIMS Data User's Workshop; p 5-7
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  • 88
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    Automated calibration of a flight particle spectrometer (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: An automatic calibration system was designed for use in the vacuum facility at the Space Science Laboratory of the Marshall Space Flight Center. That system was developed and used in the intervening winter to calibrate the ion spectrometer that eventually flew in May 1986 aboard the NASA project, CRIT 1. During this summer, it is planned to implement the calibration of both an ion and electron spectrometer of a new design whose basic elements were conceived during the winter of 1985 to 1986. This spectrometer was completed in the summer and successfully mounted in the vacuum tank for calibration. However, the source gate valve malfunctioned, and, at the end of the summer, it still needed a replacement. During the inevitable delays in the experimental research, the numerical model of the Critical Velocity effect was completed and these results were presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Research Reports: 1986 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 12 p
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  • 89
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    Development of passive radiation detectors of improved sensitivity (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The future development of a solid track high energy particle detector is discussed. The goal is to improve the sensitivity and lower the threshold of the detector. One most widely used material for such purpose is a plastic commercially known as CR-39. A scheme is presented which involves changing the formula of the monomer, diethylene glycol-bis-allyl carbonate. This is to be accomplished by substituting some heteroatoms for H and substituting sulfur atoms for oxygen in the ether linkages. Use of a new plasticizer to make the etched surface clearer than what has been accomplished as of today is suggested. Possible improvement in acquiring better tracks and increasing the ratio of V sub T/V sub B was planned. This is to be accomplished by changing the composition of the etchants, etching time, and etching temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Research Reports: 1986 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 20 p
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  • 90
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    Quantitative Schlieren analysis applied to holograms of crystals grown on Spacelab 3 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: In order to extract additional information about crystals grown in the microgravity environment of Spacelab, a quantitative schlieren analysis technique was developed for use in a Holography Ground System of the Fluid Experiment System. Utilizing the Unidex position controller, it was possible to measure deviation angles produced by refractive index gradients of 0.5 milliradians. Additionally, refractive index gradient maps for any recorded time during the crystal growth were drawn and used to create solute concentration maps for the environment around the crystal. The technique was applied to flight holograms of Cell 204 of the Fluid Experiment System that were recorded during the Spacelab 3 mission on STS 51B. A triglycine sulfate crystal was grown under isothermal conditions in the cell and the data gathered with the quantitative schlieren analysis technique is consistent with a diffusion limited growth process.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Research Reports: 1986 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 25 p
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  • 91
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    Evaluation of the infrared test method for the olympus thermal balance tests (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The performance of the infrared (IR) rig used for the thermal balance testing of the Olympus S/C thermal model is discussed. Included in this evaluation are the rig effects themselves, the IRFLUX computer code used to predict the radiation inputs, the Monitored Background Radiometers (MBR's) developed to measure the absorbed radiation flux intensity, the Uniform Temperature Reference (UTR) based temperature measurement system and the data acquisition system. A preliminary set of verification tests were performed on a 1 m x 1 m zone to assess the performance of the IR lamps, calrods, MBR's and aluminized baffles. The results were used, in part, to obtain some empirical data required for the IRFLUX code. This data included lamp and calrod characteristics, the absorptance function for various surface types, and the baffle reflectivities.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Fourteenth Space Simulation Conference: Testing for a Permanent Presence in Space; p 312
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  • 92
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    The chemical shock tube as a tool for studying high-temperature chemical kinetics (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: Although the combustion of hydrocarbons is our primary source of energy today, the chemical reactions, or pathway, by which even the simplest hydro-carbon reacts with atmospheric oxygen to form CO2 and water may not always be known. Furthermore, even when the reaction pathway is known, the reaction rates are always under discussion. The shock tube has been an important and unique tool for building a data base of reaction rates important in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. The ability of a shock wave to bring the gas sample to reaction conditions rapidly and homogeneously makes shock-tube studies of reaction kinetics extremely attractive. In addition to the control and uniformity of reaction conditions achieved with shock-wave methods, shock compression can produce gas temperatures far in excess of those in conventional reactors. Argon can be heated to well over 10 000 K, and temperatures around 5000 K are easily obtained with conventional shock-tube techniques. Experiments have proven the validity of shock-wave theory; thus, reaction temperatures and pressures can be calculated from a measurement of the incident shock velocity. A description is given of the chemical shock tube and auxiliary equipment and of two examples of kinetic experiments conducted in a shock tube.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA-Chinese Aeronautical Establishment (CAE) Symposium; p 207-224
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  • 93
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    Atmospheric correction of TIMS data (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) is a unique sensor for two reasons, it is multispectral in the thermal-infrared and it has on board, active calibration sources. The existence of the calibration permits the recorded DNs to be converted unambiguously to absolute energy units. However, to relate the data to energy originating from a target on the ground it is necessary to remove the atmospheric contribution to the signal, specifically its transmittance and emittance. These can be obtained fairly easily by use of the atmospheric model provided by LOWTRAN-6 and the data from the U.S. Weather Service network of bidaily radiosondes. Using these data with the TIMS responsivity curves an equation can be obtained which permits the unambiguous correction of the TIMS data for the atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: JPL, California Inst. of Technology The TIMS Data User's Workshop; p 11
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  • 94
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    Active-passive airborne ocean color measurement. I - Instrumentation (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The instrumentation used in a multichannel lidar fluorosensor spectrometer functioning concurrently as a passive spectroradiometer for measuring upwelling ocean color radiance is discussed. The instrument calibration techniques are addressed, including the absolute passive calibration technique, the importance of relative channel-to-channel calibration for accurate ocean color measurement, and active mode calibration techniques using passive calibration transfer methods. Ground and flight test results from the dual-mode active-passive ocean color sensor are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 39-47
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  • 95
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    Raman Doppler velocimetry - A unified approach for measuring molecular flow velocity, temperature, and pressure (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Molecular flow velocity (one component), translational temperature, and static pressure of N2 are measured in a supersonic wind tunnel using inverse Raman spectroscopy. For velocity, the technique employs the large Doppler shift exhibited by the molecules when the pump and probe laser beams are counterpropagating (backward scattering). A retrometer system is employed to yield an optical configuration insensitive to mechanical vibration, which has the additional advantage of simultaneously obtaining both the forward and backward scattered spectra. The forward and backward line breadths and their relative Doppler shift can be used to determine the static pressure, translational temperature, and molecular flow velocity. A demonstration of the technique was performed in a continuous airflow supersonic wind tunnel in which data were obtained under the following conditions: (1) free-stream operation at five set Mach number levels over the 2.50-4.63 range; (2) free-stream operation over a range of Reynolds number (at a fixed Mach number) to vary systematically the static pressure; and (3) operation in the flow field of a simple aerodynamic model to assess beam steering effects in traversing the attached shock layer.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 14-21
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  • 96
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    Laser heterodyne spectrometer for helioseismology (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The technique of laser heterodyne spectroscopy has been applied to the measurement of solar oscillations. Coherent mixing of solar radiation with the output of a frequency-stabilized CO2 laser permits the measurement of fully resolved profiles of solar absorption lines with high spectral purity and excellent frequency stability. This technique has been used to measure OH pure rotation lines in the infrared solar spectrum. Power spectra of these line frequency measurements show the well-known 5-min oscillations as well as significant velocity power at shorter periods.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 25; 58-62
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  • 97
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    Wavelength-division multiplexed digital optical position transducer (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A novel concept for a digital optical position tranducer is presented. This compact and rugged device is electrically passive and requires only a dual-fiber optical link. Wavelength division of a broad-spectrum semiconductor light source is employed to multiplex the channels of a 10-bit digital position encoder. A preliminary design was evaluated and found to have a 10-dB on-off contrast ratio and a 12-dB insertion loss.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optics Letters (ISSN 0146-9592); 11; 1-3
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  • 98
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    Measurement of the thermal conductivity of composites using heat flow sensors (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A thermal conductivity measuring apparatus that uses heat flow sensors to measure the heat flux through samples was constructed of inexpensive materials. This device was used to measure the thermal conductivity (k) of two composites used in the space program that consist of fibrous or granular components embedded in a resin matrix. The k-values that were determined ranged from 0.035 to 0.059 Btu/h sq ft-F/ft (-163 to 553 F) and 0.029 to 0.035 Btu/h-sq ft-F/ft (77 to 212 F). Thermal conductivity values of the composites conformed to the rule of mixture. The accuracy of the system was found to be comparable to the guarded hotplate and it requires neither a skilled operator nor extensive maintenance.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Polymer Composites (ISSN 0272-8397); 7; 426-430
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  • 99
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    Instrumentation for remote sensing from space (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The design options available for satellite-based remote sensing are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the process of fitting the instrumental capabilities to the scientific goals of a particular program, to the payload capacity of the launch vehicle, and to the operational envelope of the satellite. Various materials and instrument configurations are inventoried for imaging systems for, e.g., detecting and mapping particles, X-rays, visible and IR radiation. Numerous examples of instruments on Voyager, Mariner and Landsat satellites are cited, along with the discoveries which they permitted.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 100
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    Strainmeters and tiltmeters (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The techniques and instrument designs developed for continuously recording tiltmeters and strainmeters are reviewed. Consideration is given to short-base and long-base tiltmeters as well as to rod, wire, laser and borehole hydraulic strainmeters. Since a good design is difficult to achieve, it is necessary to select the goals an instrument must meet and be prepared to compromise on others. The importance of comparison tests is demonstrated, and it is concluded that good results cannot be gotten at low cost or without careful attention to details.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 24; 579-624
    Format: text
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