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  • 1
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    The effect of forward flight on the noise and flow field of inverted profile jets (1984)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-460X
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-8568
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Droplet field visualization and characterization via digital image analysis (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper describes techniques that have been developed at JPL for visualization and measurements of droplet fields in a moving airstream. The techniques have been applied to a variety of problems which include simulation of heavy rain conditions in a wind tunnel, engine ingestion of wheel spray, analysis of fuel nozzle sprays and aerodynamic breakup of non-Newtonian liquids. The approach pursued here is direct imaging using a pulsed laser illumination source, followed by digital processing of photographic images. A laser double pulse technique has been used for determination of droplet velocities. Laser induced fluorescence has been used to enhance droplet definition in photographic images. The image processing software developed is capable of distinguishing between out-of-focus and in-focus drops, retaining only the latter for size determination.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Fundamental studies of antimisting kerosene (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Fuel Fundamentals Research Review; p 19-20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Research on antimisting fuel for suppression of postcrash aircraft fires (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recent experimental results in the field of post-crash aircraft fire suppression are reviewed, with emphasis given to antimisting kerosene fuel (AMK). Findings in three major areas of study are presented, including: rheological studies (skin friction, and heat transfer); fuel breakup processes and nozzle spray combustion; and the development of inline blenders for production of AMK at the refueling point. An interpretation of the results of the FAA/NASA Controlled Impact Demonstration of AMK fuel is also presented. It is concluded that AMK is a sound concept and offers several advantages over conventional fuels in any crash scenario involving post-crash fires.
    Keywords: PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0573
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Quantitative determination of engine water ingestion (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper describes a novel non-intrusive optical technique for determination of liquid mass flux in a droplet laden airstream. The technique was developed for quantitative determination of engine water ingestion resulting from heavy rain or wheel spray. Independent measurements of the liquid water content (LWC) of the droplet laden aircraft and of the droplet velocities were made at the simulated nacelle inlet plane for the liquid mass flux determination. The liquid water content was measured by illuminating and photographing the droplets contained within a thin slice of the flow field by means of a sheet of light from a pulsed YAG laser. A fluorescent dye introduced in the water greatly improved the droplet image definition. The droplet velocities were determined from double exposed photographs of the moving droplet field. The technique was initially applied to a steady spray generated in a wind tunnel. It was found that although the spray was initially steady, the aerodynamic breakup process was inherently unsteady. This resulted in a wide variation of the instantaneous liquid water content of the droplet laden airstream. The standard deviation of ten separate LWC measurements was 31 percent of the average. However, the liquid mass flux calculated from the average LWC and droplet velocities came within 10 percent of the known water ingestion rate.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0307
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Simulation and analysis of natural rain in a wind tunnel via digital image processing techniques (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is desired to simulate natural rain in a wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft. Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is used to photograph the droplets in the moving airstream. Digital image processing techniques are applied to these photographs for calculation of rain statistics to evaluate the performance of the nozzles. It is found that fixed hypodermic type nozzles inject too much water to simulate natural rain conditions. A modification uses two aerodynamic spinners to flex a tube in a pseudo-random fashion to distribute the water over a larger area.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0291
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Effect of flow oscillations on cavity drag and a technique for their control (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments to relate the state of the shear layer to cavity drag have been performed in a water channel using a 4" axisymmetric cavity model. Detailed flow measurements in various cavity flow oscillation phases, amplitude amplification along the flow direction, distribution of shear stress, and other momentum flux obtained by laser Doppler velocimeter are presented. Measurements show exponential dependence of cavity drag on the length of the cavity. A jump in the cavity drag coefficient is observed as the cavity flow shows a bluff body wake type behavior. Natural and forced oscillations are introduced by a sinusoidally heated thin-film strip which excites the Tollmein-Schlichting waves in the boundary layer upstream of the gap. For a large gap, self-sustained periodic oscillations are observed, while for smaller gaps, which do not oscillate naturally, periodical oscillations can be obtained by external forcing through the strip heater. The drag of the cavity can be increased by one order of magnitude in the non-oscillating case through external forcing. Also, it is possible to completely eliminate mode switching by external forcing. For the first time, it is demonstrated that amplitude of cavity flow Kelvin-Helmholtz wave is dampened or cancelled by introduction of external perturbation of natural flow frequency but different phase.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-176652 , JPL-PUB-85-72 , NAS 1.26:176652
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Continuous inline blending of antimisting kerosene (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A continuous inline blender was developed to blend polymer slurries with a stream of jet A fuel. The viscosity of the slurries ranged widely. The key element of the blender was a static mixer placed immediately downstream of the slurry injection point. A positive displacement gear pump for jet A was employed, and a progressive cavity rotary screw pump was used for slurry pumping. Turbine flow meters were employed for jet A metering while the slurry flow rate was calibrated against the pressure drop in the injection tube. While using one of the FM-9 variant slurries, a provision was made for a time delay between the addition of slurry and the addition of amine sequentially into the jet A stream.
    Keywords: PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
    Type: FAA Proceedings of Fuel Safety Workshop; p 203-217
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Heat transfer, friction, and rheological characteristics of antimisting kerosene (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments were performed to determine the skin friction and heat transfer behavior of antimisting kerosene (AMK) in pipe flows. The additive used was FM-9. Based on the results of the experiments, which identify high viscosity and viscoelasticity for AMK, it is recommended that AMK be degraded. Sufficient degradation produces behavior similar to that of jet A.
    Keywords: PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
    Type: FAA Proceedings of Fuel Safety Workshop; p 181-183
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Large-scale turbulent structures in jets and in flows over cavities and their relationship to entrainment and mixing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Large scale structures in jets and in flows over cavities were investigated experimentally to determine their role in entrainment, mixing, and noise production. The presence of these structures resulted in growth of the shear layer and entrainment. Merging of adjacent large scale structures caused the near field pressure signal in excited flows. It is believed that both the entrained fluid as well as its eventual mixing with the jet flow can be controlled by introducing pulsation in the jet flow at a frequency for which the flow is most unstable.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Workshop on Thrust Augmenting Ejectors; p 295-309
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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