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  • Artikel  (78)
  • Rats  (77)
  • Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (78)
  • 1915-1919
  • 1992  (78)
  • Science. 257(5075): 1330; author reply 1331.  (2)
  • Science. 255(5042): 289.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5042): 339-42.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5043): 434-40.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5043): 462-4.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5043): 470-2.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5045): 721-3.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5045): 730-3.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5045): 733-6.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5046): 850-3.  (1)
  • Science. 255(5047): 996-8.  (1)
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  • Science. 256(5054): 225-8.  (1)
  • Science. 256(5054): 234-7.  (1)
  • Science. 256(5055): 367-70.  (1)
  • Science. 256(5055): 373-7.  (1)
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  • Artikel  (78)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (78)
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  • 1
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    High probability opening of NMDA receptor channels by L-glutamate (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-24
    Beschreibung: Synaptic plasticity can be triggered by calcium flux into neurons through synaptically activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels. The amplitude and time course of the resulting intracellular calcium transient depend on the number of open NMDA receptor channels and the kinetics of their activation. Short applications of L-glutamate to outside-out patches from hippocampal neurons in the presence and absence of MK-801 revealed that about 30 percent of L-glutamate-bound channels are open at the peak of the current. This high probability of opening suggests that very few channels are required to guarantee a large, localized postsynaptic calcium transient.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jahr, C E -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute L474, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Glutamates/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Syntaxin: a synaptic protein implicated in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-10
    Beschreibung: Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Two 35-kilodalton proteins (p35 or syntaxins) were identified that interact with the synaptic vesicle protein p65 (synaptotagmin). The p35 proteins are expressed only in the nervous system, are 84 percent identical, include carboxyl-terminal membrane anchors, and are concentrated on the plasma membrane at synaptic sites. An antibody to p35 immunoprecipitated solubilized N-type calcium channels. The p35 proteins may function in docking synaptic vesicles near calcium channels at presynaptic active zones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bennett, M K -- Calakos, N -- Scheller, R H -- 2T32G07365/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 10;257(5067):255-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1321498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, Surface ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunoblotting ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology ; Synaptotagmin I ; Synaptotagmins ; Syntaxin 1
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Requirement for the adenovirus type 9 E4 region in production of mammary tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-07
    Beschreibung: Oncogenic viruses demonstrating a strict tropism for the mammary gland provide special opportunities to study the susceptibility of this tissue to neoplasia. In rats, human adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) elicits mammary fibroadenomas that are similar to common breast tumors in women, as well as phyllodes-like tumors and mammary sarcomas. By constructing recombinant adenoviruses between Ad9 and Ad26 (a related nontumorigenic virus), it was shown that the Ad9 E4 region was absolutely required to produce these mammary tumors. This indicates that an adenovirus gene located outside the classic transforming region (E1) can significantly influence the in vivo oncogenicity of an adenovirus. Consistent with a direct role in mammary gland oncogenesis, the Ad9 E4 region also exhibited transforming properties in vitro. Therefore, the Ad9 E4 region is a viral oncogene specifically involved in mammary gland tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Javier, R -- Raska, K Jr -- Shenk, T -- CA 21196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 41086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA09528/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1267-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoviridae/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred WF ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Exaggerated carcinogenicity of chemicals (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 19;256(5064):1609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1609271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; *Carcinogenicity Tests ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Rats ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Repression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene by the Wilms tumor suppressor WT1 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-31
    Beschreibung: The Wilms tumor suppressor gene wt1 encodes a zinc finger DNA binding protein, WT1, that functions as a transcriptional repressor. The fetal mitogen insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is overexpressed in Wilms tumors and may have autocrine effects in tumor progression. The major fetal IGF-II promoter was defined in transient transfection assays as a region spanning from nucleotides -295 to +135, relative to the transcription start site. WT1 bound to multiple sites in this region and functioned as a potent repressor of IGF-II transcription in vivo. Maximal repression was dependent on the presence of WT1 binding sites on each side of the transcriptional initiation site. These findings provide a molecular basis for overexpression of IGF-II in Wilms tumors and suggest that WT1 negatively regulates blastemal cell proliferation by limiting the production of a fetal growth factor in the developing vertebrate kidney.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drummond, I A -- Madden, S L -- Rohwer-Nutter, P -- Bell, G I -- Sukhatme, V P -- Rauscher, F J 3rd -- CA 10817/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 52009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):674-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1323141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Blotting, Northern ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/*physiology ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/*genetics ; Kidney/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection ; WT1 Proteins ; Wilms Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Cholecystokinin antianalgesia: safety cues abolish morphine analgesia (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-08
    Beschreibung: Environmental stimuli that signal the occurrence of aversive or dangerous events activate endogenous opiate analgesia systems. Signals for safety (the nonoccurrence of aversive events) produce the opposite and inhibit environmentally produced analgesia. Stimuli that signal safety are now shown to abolish the analgesic effect of morphine, even when morphine is applied directly to spinal cord. Further, this antiopiate effect occurs because the environmental stimulus leads to release of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin in the spinal cord. This process may contribute to the regulation of pain and the development of opiate tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiertelak, E P -- Maier, S F -- Watkins, L R -- 5T32MH14617-15/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):830-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Analgesia ; Animals ; Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/*pharmacology ; Injections, Spinal ; Morphine/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Pain/physiopathology ; *Phenylurea Compounds ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Safety ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Chondroitin sulfate as a regulator of neuronal patterning in the retina (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-07
    Beschreibung: Highly sulfated proteoglycans are correlated with axon boundaries in the developing central nervous system which suggests that these molecules affect neural pattern formation. In the developing mammalian retina, gradual regression of chondroitin sulfate may help control the onset of ganglion cell differentiation and initial direction of their axons. Changes induced by the removal of chondroitin sulfate from intact retinas in culture confirm the function of chondroitin sulfate in retinal histogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brittis, P A -- Canning, D R -- Silver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1738848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Lyases/pharmacology ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/pharmacology ; Chondroitin Sulfates/analysis/*physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Retina/chemistry/cytology/*embryology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Tubulin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Activity-dependent decrease in NMDA receptor responses during development of the visual cortex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-11-06
    Beschreibung: Plasticity of the developing visual system has been regarded as the best model for changes of neuronal connections under the influence of the environment. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are crucial for experience-dependent synaptic modifications that occur in the developing visual cortex. NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in layer IV neurons of the visual cortex lasted longer in young rats than in adult rats, and the duration of the EPSCs became progressively shorter, in parallel with the developmental reduction in synaptic plasticity. This decrease in NMDA receptor-mediated EPSC duration is delayed when the animals are reared in the dark, a condition that prolongs developmental plasticity, and is prevented by treatment with tetrodotoxin, a procedure that inhibits neural activity. Application of L-glutamate to outside-out patches excised from layer IV neurons of young, but not of adult, rats activated prolonged bursts of NMDA channel openings. A modification of the NMDA receptor gating properties may therefore account for the age-dependent decline of visual cortical plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carmignoto, G -- Vicini, S -- P01 NS 28130-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 6;258(5084):1007-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉FIDIA Georgetown Institute for the Neurosciences, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Visual Cortex/*growth & development/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-12-11
    Beschreibung: Angiogenic factors produced by monocytes-macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by persistent angiogenesis. The possibility was tested that interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is a cytokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes and neutrophils, is also angiogenic. Human recombinant IL-8 was potently angiogenic when implanted in the rat cornea and induced proliferation and chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Angiogenic activity present in the conditioned media of inflamed human rheumatoid synovial tissue macrophages or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood monocytes was equally blocked by antibodies to either IL-8 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. An IL-8 antisense oligonucleotide specifically blocked the production of monocyte-induced angiogenic activity. These data suggest a function for macrophage-derived IL-8 in angiogenesis-dependent disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, tumor growth, and wound repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, A E -- Polverini, P J -- Kunkel, S L -- Harlow, L A -- DiPietro, L A -- Elner, V M -- Elner, S G -- Strieter, R M -- AR30692/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR41492/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL39926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/*drug effects ; Cornea/*drug effects/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/*physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/genetics/*pharmacology ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/physiology ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Synovial Fluid/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Umbilical Veins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Dendritic spines: convergence of theory and experiment (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, C -- Zador, A -- Brown, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):973-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/physiology/ultrastructure ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Flow-dependent cytosolic acidification of vascular endothelial cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-23
    Beschreibung: Hemodynamic shear stress affects endothelial cell structure and function, but little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms involved in these processes. The effect of laminar shear stress on cytosolic pH (pHi) was examined in rat aortic endothelial cells cultured in glass capillary tubes. Shear stress forces led to a rapid decrease in pHi (maximal effect 0.09 pH unit at 13.4 dynes per square centimeter). Removal of specific ions or addition of exchange inhibitors suggests that in vascular endothelial cells shear stress forces activate both an alkali extruder, sodium ion-independent chloride-bicarbonate ion exchange, and an acid extruder, sodium-hydrogen ion exchange; the net effect in physiologic buffer with the bicarbonate ion is a decrease in pHi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ziegelstein, R C -- Cheng, L -- Capogrossi, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):656-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1329207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters ; Cytosol/*physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    The time course of glutamate in the synaptic cleft (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-11-27
    Beschreibung: The peak concentration and rate of clearance of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft are important determinants of synaptic function, yet the neurotransmitter concentration time course is unknown at synapses in the brain. The time course of free glutamate in the cleft was estimated by kinetic analysis of the displacement of a rapidly dissociating competitive antagonist from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors during synaptic transmission. Glutamate peaked at 1.1 millimolar and decayed with a time constant of 1.2 milliseconds at cultured hippocampal synapses. This time course implies that transmitter saturates postsynaptic NMDA receptors. However, glutamate dissociates much more rapidly from alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Thus, the time course of free glutamate predicts that dissociation contributes to the decay of the AMPA receptor-mediated postsynaptic current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clements, J D -- Lester, R A -- Tong, G -- Jahr, C E -- Westbrook, G L -- MH46613/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS26494/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Aminoadipic Acid/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects/physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Antisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-11-27
    Beschreibung: Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop. Binding of either a T10 PNA or a mixed sequence 15-mer PNA to the transcribed strand of a G-free transcription cassette caused 90 to 100 percent site-specific termination of pol II transcription elongation. When a T10 PNA was bound on the nontranscribed strand, site-specific inhibition never exceeded 50 percent. Binding of PNAs to RNA resulted in site-specific termination of both reverse transcription and in vitro translation, precisely at the position of the PNA.RNA heteroduplex. Nuclear microinjection of cells constitutively expressing SV40 large T antigen (T Ag) with either a 15-mer or 20-mer PNA targeted to the T Ag messenger RNA suppressed T Ag expression. This effect was specific in that there was no reduction in beta-galactosidase expression from a coinjected expression vector and no inhibition of T Ag expression after microinjection of a 10-mer PNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanvey, J C -- Peffer, N J -- Bisi, J E -- Thomson, S A -- Cadilla, R -- Josey, J A -- Ricca, D J -- Hassman, C F -- Bonham, M A -- Au, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1481-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Glaxo Inc. Research Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII/antagonists & inhibitors ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Plasmids ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Reversal of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats: intrahypothalamic injection of vasopressin mRNA (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-21
    Beschreibung: Messenger RNAs occur within the axons of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons known to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin. In Brattleboro rats, which have a genetic mutation that renders them incapable of vasopressin expression and secretion and thus causes diabetes insipidus, injection into the hypothalamus of purified mRNAs from normal rat hypothalami or of synthetic copies of the vasopressin mRNA leads to selective uptake, retrograde transport, and expression of vasopressin exclusively in the magnocellular neurons. Temporary reversal of their diabetes insipidus (for up to 5 days) can be observed within hours of the injection. Intra-axonal mRNAs may represent an additional category of chemical signals for neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jirikowski, G F -- Sanna, P P -- Maciejewski-Lenoir, D -- Bloom, F E -- MH 47680/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 22347-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 21;255(5047):996-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*genetics/metabolism ; Diabetes Insipidus/*therapy ; Hypothalamus ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Brattleboro ; Water-Electrolyte Balance
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Nitric oxide and arginine-evoked insulin secretion (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-11-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vincent, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 20;258(5086):1376-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1455235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arginine/*pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/secretion ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Rats ; Secretory Rate/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    MacroH2A, a core histone containing a large nonhistone region (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-04
    Beschreibung: A histone, macroH2A, nearly three times the size of conventional H2A histone, was found in rat liver nucleosomes. Its N-terminal third is 64 percent identical to a full-length mouse H2A. However, it also contains a large nonhistone region. This region has a segment that resembles a leucine zipper, a structure known to be involved in dimerization of some transcription factors. Nucleosomes containing macroH2A may have novel functions, possibly involving interactions with other nuclear proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pehrson, J R -- Fried, V A -- CA 06927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 24019/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 05539/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1398-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/chemistry ; Histones/*chemistry/genetics ; Leucine Zippers ; Liver/*ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Synaptotagmin: a calcium sensor on the synaptic vesicle surface (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-15
    Beschreibung: Neurons release neurotransmitters by calcium-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. However, the molecular steps transducing the calcium signal into membrane fusion are still an enigma. It is reported here that synaptotagmin, a highly conserved synaptic vesicle protein, binds calcium at physiological concentrations in a complex with negatively charged phospholipids. This binding is specific for calcium and involves the cytoplasmic domain of synaptotagmin. Calcium binding is dependent on the intact oligomeric structure of synaptotagmin (it is abolished by proteolytic cleavage at a single site). These results suggest that synaptotagmin acts as a cooperative calcium receptor in exocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brose, N -- Petrenko, A G -- Sudhof, T C -- Jahn, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):1021-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Dansyl Compounds/metabolism ; Energy Transfer ; Exocytosis ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Rats ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Calcium-dependent transmitter secretion reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes: requirement for synaptophysin (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-31
    Beschreibung: Calcium-dependent glutamate secretion was reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes by injecting the oocyte with total rat cerebellar messenger RNA (mRNA). Co-injection of total mRNA with antisense oligonucleotides to synaptophysin message decreased the expression of synaptophysin in the oocyte and reduced the calcium-dependent secretion. A similar effect on secretion was observed for oocytes injected with total mRNA together with an antibody to rat synaptophysin. These results indicate that synaptophysin is necessary for transmitter secretion and that the oocyte expression system may be useful for dissecting the molecular events associated with the secretory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alder, J -- Lu, B -- Valtorta, F -- Greengard, P -- Poo, M M -- MH 39327/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 22764/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):657-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1353905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cerebellum/chemistry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression ; Glutamates/*secretion ; Glutamic Acid ; Kinetics ; Liver/chemistry ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oocytes/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Synaptophysin/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Gz-mediated hormonal inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-17
    Beschreibung: Hormones inhibit synthesis of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in most cells via receptors coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Mutationally activated alpha subunits of Gi2 (alpha i2) constitutively inhibit cAMP accumulation when transfected into cells. Cells have now been transfected with mutant alpha subunits of four other G proteins--Gz, a PTX-insensitive G protein of unknown function, and Gi1, Gi3, and G(o), which are PTX-sensitive. Mutant alpha z, alpha i1, and alpha i3 inhibited cAMP accumulation but alpha o did not. Moreover, expression of wild-type alpha z produced cells in which PTX did not block hormonal inhibition of cAMP accumulation. Thus, Gz can trigger an effector pathway in response to hormone receptors that ordinarily interact with PTX-sensitive Gi proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, Y H -- Conklin, B R -- Bourne, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 17;255(5042):339-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1347957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brimonidine Tartrate ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*biosynthesis ; Dinoprostone/pharmacology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology ; Hormones/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysophospholipids/pharmacology ; Pertussis Toxin ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Transfection ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    An amino acid mutation in a potassium channel that prevents inhibition by protein kinase C (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-03-27
    Beschreibung: A slowly activating, voltage-dependent potassium channel protein cloned from rat kidney was expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Two activators of protein kinase C, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-rac-glycerol and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, inhibited the current. This inhibition was blocked by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Inhibition of the current was not seen in channels in which Ser103 was replaced by Ala, although other properties of the current were unchanged. These results indicate that inhibition of the potassium current results from direct phosphorylation of the channel subunit protein at Ser103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busch, A E -- Varnum, M D -- North, R A -- Adelman, J P -- DA03160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS28504/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 27;255(5052):1705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Diglycerides/pharmacology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Do antidepressants promote tumors? (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):22-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amitriptyline/*toxicity ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Carcinogens/*toxicity ; Female ; Fluoxetine/*toxicity ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Rats ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Trypsin-sensitive, rapid inactivation of a calcium-activated potassium channel (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-18
    Beschreibung: Most calcium-activated potassium channels couple changes in intracellular calcium to membrane excitability by conducting a current with a probability that depends directly on submembrane calcium concentration. In rat adrenal chromaffin cells, however, a large conductance, voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) undergoes rapid inactivation, suggesting that this channel has a physiological role different than that of other BK channels. The inactivation of the BK channel, like that of the voltage-gated Shaker B potassium channel, is removed by trypsin digestion and channels are blocked by the Shaker B amino-terminal inactivating domain. Thus, this BK channel shares functional and possibly structural homologies with other inactivating voltage-gated potassium channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solaro, C R -- Lingle, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1694-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Glands/physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chromaffin System/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Trypsin/*pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    Mutation of the POU-specific domain of Pit-1 and hypopituitarism without pituitary hypoplasia (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-08-21
    Beschreibung: A point mutation in the POU-specific portion of the human gene that encodes the tissue-specific POU-domain transcription factor, Pit-1, results in hypopituitarism, with deficiencies of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. In two unrelated Dutch families, a mutation in Pit-1 that altered an alanine in the first putative alpha helix of the POU-specific domain to proline was observed. This mutation generated a protein capable of binding to DNA response elements but unable to effectively activate its known target genes, growth hormone and prolactin. The phenotype of the affected individuals suggests that the mutant Pit-1 protein is competent to initiate other programs of gene activation required for normal proliferation of somatotrope, lactotrope, and thyrotrope cell types. Thus, a mutation in the POU-specific domain of Pit-1 has a selective effect on a subset of Pit-1 target genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfaffle, R W -- DiMattia, G E -- Parks, J S -- Brown, M R -- Wit, J M -- Jansen, M -- Van der Nat, H -- Van den Brande, J L -- Rosenfeld, M G -- Ingraham, H A -- HD24960/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD2697/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NIDDK 18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1118-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1509263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/deficiency ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*pathology ; Pituitary Hormones/*deficiency ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prolactin/deficiency ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Thyrotropin/deficiency ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Calcium-permeable AMPA-kainate receptors in fusiform cerebellar glial cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-12
    Beschreibung: Glutamate-operated ion channels (GluR channels) of the L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-kainate subtype are found in both neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system. These channels are assembled from the GluR-A, -B, -C, and -D subunits; channels containing a GluR-B subunit show an outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation and low calcium permeability, whereas channels lacking the GluR-B subunit are characterized by a doubly rectifying current-voltage relation and high calcium permeability. Most cell types in the central nervous system coexpress several subunits, including GluR-B. However, Bergmann glia in rat cerebellum do not express GluR-B subunit genes. In a subset of cultured cerebellar glial cells, likely derived from Bergmann glial cells. GluR channels exhibit doubly rectifying current-voltage relations and high calcium permeability, whereas GluR channels of cerebellar neurons have low calcium permeability. Thus, differential expression of the GluR-B subunit gene in neurons and glia is one mechanism by which functional properties of native GluR channels are regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnashev, N -- Khodorova, A -- Jonas, P -- Helm, P J -- Wisden, W -- Monyer, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 12;256(5063):1566-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Medizinische Forschung, Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Glutamates/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating ; Neuroglia/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    Control by asparagine residues of calcium permeability and magnesium blockade in the NMDA receptor (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-04
    Beschreibung: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor forms a cation-selective channel with a high calcium permeability and sensitivity to channel block by extracellular magnesium. These properties, which are believed to be important for the induction of long-term changes in synaptic strength, are imparted by asparagine residues in a putative channel-forming segment of the protein, transmembrane 2 (TM2). In the NR1 subunit, replacement of this asparagine by a glutamine residue decreases calcium permeability of the channel and slightly reduces magnesium block. The same substitution in NR2 subunits strongly reduces magnesium block and increases the magnesium permeability but barely affects calcium permeability. These asparagines are in a position homologous to the site in the TM2 region (Q/R site) of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors that is occupied by either glutamine (Q) or arginine (R) and that controls divalent cation permeability of the AMPA receptor channel. Hence AMPA and NMDA receptor channels contain common structural motifs in their TM2 segments that are responsible for some of their ion selectivity and conductance properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnashev, N -- Schoepfer, R -- Monyer, H -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Gunther, W -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1415-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Max-Planck-Institut fur Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1382314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Asparagine/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Electric Conductivity ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Ion Channels/chemistry/*physiology ; Magnesium/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Permeability ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-17
    Beschreibung: Nitric oxide (NO) is a cytotoxic agent of macrophages, a messenger molecule of neurons, and a vasodilator produced by endothelial cells. NO synthase, the synthetic enzyme for NO, was localized to rat penile neurons innervating the corpora cavernosa and to neuronal plexuses in the adventitial layer of penile arteries. Small doses of NO synthase inhibitors abolished electrophysiologically induced penile erections. These results establish NO as a physiologic mediator of erectile function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnett, A L -- Lowenstein, C J -- Bredt, D S -- Chang, T S -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DK-19300/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Nerve Fibers/metabolism ; *Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine ; Penile Erection/drug effects/*physiology ; Penis/metabolism ; Rats ; Urethra/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    Alzheimer's debate boils over (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer Disease/*etiology/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced/pathology ; Neurons/drug effects/pathology ; Rats ; Research/standards
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    Specific binding of chromosomal protein HMG1 to DNA damaged by the anticancer drug cisplatin (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-04-10
    Beschreibung: The mechanism of action of the anticancer compound cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) involves covalent binding to DNA. In an effort to understand the tumor-specific cytotoxicity of such DNA damage, the interactions of these lesions with cellular proteins have been studied. One such protein has been identified as the high-mobility group protein HMG1. Recombinant rat HMG1 binds specifically (dissociation constant 3.7 +/- 2.0 x 10(-7) molar) to DNA containing cisplatin d(GpG) or d(ApG) intrastrand cross-links, which unwind and bend DNA in a specific manner, but not to DNA modified by therapeutically inactive platinum analogs. These results suggest how HMG1 might bind to altered DNA structures and may be helpful in designing new antitumor drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pil, P M -- Lippard, S J -- CA34992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):234-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cisplatin/*pharmacology ; *DNA Damage ; DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; High Mobility Group Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-04-10
    Beschreibung: Nitric oxide (NO) conveys a variety of messages between cells, including signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission, and cytotoxicity. In some endothelial cells and neurons, a constitutive NO synthase is activated transiently by agonists that elevate intracellular calcium concentrations and promote the binding of calmodulin. In contrast, in macrophages, NO synthase activity appears slowly after exposure of the cells to cytokines and bacterial products, is sustained, and functions independently of calcium and calmodulin. A monospecific antibody was used to clone complementary DNA that encoded two isoforms of NO synthase from immunologically activated mouse macrophages. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm most of the amino acid sequence. Macrophage NO synthase differs extensively from cerebellar NO synthase. The macrophage enzyme is immunologically induced at the transcriptional level and closely resembles the enzyme in cytokine-treated tumor cells and inflammatory neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, Q W -- Cho, H J -- Calaycay, J -- Mumford, R A -- Swiderek, K M -- Lee, T D -- Ding, A -- Troso, T -- Nathan, C -- AI30165/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA43610/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1373522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Enzyme Induction ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Kinetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages/drug effects/*enzymology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Neutrophils/drug effects/enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    Gene therapy for CF advances (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 17;255(5042):289.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Cystic Fibrosis/*therapy ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Rats ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    High-frequency network oscillation in the hippocampus (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-15
    Beschreibung: Pyramidal cells in the CA1 hippocampal region displayed transient network oscillations (200 hertz) during behavioral immobility, consummatory behaviors, and slow-wave sleep. Simultaneous, multisite recordings revealed temporal and spatial coherence of neuronal activity during population oscillations. Participating pyramidal cells discharged at a rate lower than the frequency of the population oscillation, and their action potentials were phase locked to the negative phase of the simultaneously recorded oscillatory field potentials. In contrast, interneurons discharged at population frequency during the field oscillations. Thus, synchronous output of cooperating CA1 pyramidal cells may serve to induce synaptic enhancement in target structures of the hippocampus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buzsaki, G -- Horvath, Z -- Urioste, R -- Hetke, J -- Wise, K -- NS02383/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS27058/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):1025-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Periodicity ; Pyramidal Tracts/physiology ; Rats ; Sleep/physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Hidden messages in genetic maps (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farr, C J -- Goodfellow, P N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):49.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Department, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Conserved Sequence ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Rats ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 33
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    Roles of SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins for transcriptional enhancement by steroid receptors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-12-04
    Beschreibung: The SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins, which are required for regulated transcription of numerous yeast genes, were found also to be essential for rat glucocorticoid receptor function in yeast; the receptor failed to activate transcription in strains with mutations in the SWI1, SWI2, or SWI3 genes. Certain mutations in genes encoding components of chromatin, identified as suppressors of swi mutations, partially relieved the SWI- requirement for receptor function. Immunoprecipitation of glucocorticoid receptor derivatives from wild-type (SWI+) yeast extracts coprecipitated the SWI3 protein; such receptor-SWI3 complexes were not detected in swi1- or swi2- mutant strains, implying that a complex of multiple SWI proteins may associate with the receptor. Prior incubation of a Drosophila embryo transcription extract with the yeast SWI3-specific antibody inhibited receptor function in vitro whereas the antibody had no effect if added after initiation complex formation. Thus, positive regulation by the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo and in vitro appears to require its interaction, at an early step, with one or more SWI proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshinaga, S K -- Peterson, C L -- Herskowitz, I -- Yamamoto, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1598-604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1360703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; TATA Box ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine Transaminase/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
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    Prevention of autoimmune diabetes in the BB rat by intrathymic islet transplantation at birth (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-29
    Beschreibung: Spontaneous diabetes in the BioBreeding (BB) rat, like human type I diabetes, results from the destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T lymphocytes recognizing beta cell-specific antigens. T cell tolerance is in part mediated by interactions of maturing thymocytes with antigens expressed in the thymic microenvironment; islets were therefore implanted into the thymus of neonatal diabetes-prone BB rats to determine whether exposure of T cell precursors to beta cell antigens could influence the development of diabetes. This treatment completely prevented diabetes and insulitis in the native pancreas. The effect may be the result of specific modulation of diabetogenic T cells maturing in an islet-bearing thymus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Posselt, A M -- Barker, C F -- Friedman, A L -- Naji, A -- DK26007/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34878/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 29;256(5061):1321-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1598576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology/*prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/*prevention & control ; Immune Tolerance ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Male ; Pancreas/cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BB ; Rats, Inbred WF ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Thyroid Gland/cytology ; Transplantation, Heterotopic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 35
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    Neuronal domains in developing neocortex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-31
    Beschreibung: The mammalian neocortex consists of a mosaic of columnar units whose development is poorly understood. Optical recordings of brain slices labeled with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 revealed that the neonatal rat cortex was partitioned into distinct domains of spontaneously coactive neurons. In tangential slices, these domains were 50 to 120 micrometers in diameter; in coronal slices they spanned several cortical layers and resembled columns found in the adult cortex. In developing somatosensory cortex, domains were smaller than, and distinct from, the barrels, which represent sensory input from a single vibrissa. The neurons within each domain were coupled by gap junctions. Thus, nonsynaptic communication during cortical development defines discrete multicellular patterns that could presage adult functional architecture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuste, R -- Peinado, A -- Katz, L C -- EY07960/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH15177/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):665-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*growth & development/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fura-2 ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Rats ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Bone like plywood (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-03-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 27;255(5052):1638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Bone and Bones/*ultrastructure ; Calcium Phosphates ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 37
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    Specific acceptance of cardiac allograft after treatment with antibodies to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-28
    Beschreibung: An indefinite survival of cardiac allografts between fully incompatible mice strains was observed when monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) were simultaneously administered after the transplantation for 6 days. Mice with long-term surviving cardiac allografts accepted skin grafts from the donor-strain but rejected skin grafts from a third-party strain. Because MAbs to ICAM-1 or LFA-1 alone were insufficient for prolonged tolerance, the two MAbs probably acted synergistically to induce specific unresponsiveness. Thus, ICAM-1----LFA-1 adhesion participates in the induction of allograft rejection and MAbs may be useful as therapeutic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isobe, M -- Yagita, H -- Okumura, K -- Ihara, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1125-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1347662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Graft Survival ; Heart Transplantation/*immunology/pathology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunosuppression ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Rats ; Skin Transplantation/immunology ; Spleen/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    X-ray laser microscopy of rat sperm nuclei (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-19
    Beschreibung: The development of high brightness and short pulse width (〈 200 picoseconds) x-ray lasers now offers biologists the possibility of high-resolution imaging of specimens in an aqueous environment without the blurring effects associated with natural motions and chemical erosion. As a step toward developing the capabilities of this type of x-ray microscopy, a tantalum x-ray laser at 44.83 angstrom wavelength was used together with an x-ray zone plate lens to image both unlabeled and selectively gold-labeled dried rat sperm nuclei. The observed images show approximately 500 angstrom features, illustrate the importance of x-ray microscopy in determining chemical composition, and provide information about the uniformity of sperm chromatin organization and the extent of sperm chromatin hydration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Da Silva, L B -- Trebes, J E -- Balhorn, R -- Mrowka, S -- Anderson, E -- Attwood, D T -- Barbee, T W Jr -- Brase, J -- Corzett, M -- Gray, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):269-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; DNA/ultrastructure ; Epididymis/cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Lasers ; Male ; Microscopy/*methods ; Rats ; Spermatozoa/*ultrastructure ; X-Rays
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    Primary structure and functional expression of the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-08
    Beschreibung: Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of the action potential and therefore are important for neuronal excitability. Complementary DNA clones encoding the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel were isolated by a combination of polymerase chain reaction and library screening techniques. The deduced primary structure indicates that the beta 1 subunit is a 22,851-dalton protein that contains a single putative transmembrane domain and four potential extracellular N-linked glycosylation sites, consistent with biochemical data. Northern blot analysis reveals a 1,400-nucleotide messenger RNA in rat brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and spinal cord. Coexpression of beta 1 subunits with alpha subunits increases the size of the peak sodium current, accelerates its inactivation, and shifts the voltage dependence of inactivation to more negative membrane potentials. These results indicate that the beta 1 subunit is crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the rat brain sodium channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isom, L L -- De Jongh, K S -- Patton, D E -- Reber, B F -- Offord, J -- Charbonneau, H -- Walsh, K -- Goldin, A L -- Catterall, W A -- NS15751/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS25704/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS26729/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1375395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Brain/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Sodium Channels/*genetics/*physiology ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel beta-1 Subunit ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Inhibition of long-term potentiation by NMDA-mediated nitric oxide release (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-08-28
    Beschreibung: Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors before tetanic stimulation blocks long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. This NMDA-mediated inhibition of LTP can be reversed by the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors L-NG-monomethyl-arginine or hemoglobin and mimicked by sodium nitroprusside. These results indicate that the timing of NO release relative to high-frequency activation of CA1 synapses may be an important determinant of LTP generation and suggest that NO may play a positive or negative modulatory role in LTP depending on prior events at the tetanized synapse and the ambient concentration of excitatory amino acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Izumi, Y -- Clifford, D B -- Zorumski, C F -- AG05681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH00964/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH45493/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1273-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Hemoglobins/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; N-Methylaspartate/*pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Rats ; Time Factors ; omega-N-Methylarginine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Carcinogenicity of butadiene (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dankovic, D A -- Stayner, L T -- Smith, R J -- Bailer, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1330; author reply 1331.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    Gating of the cardiac Ca2+ release channel: the role of Na+ current and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-14
    Beschreibung: In cardiac myocytes, calcium influx through the calcium channel is the primary pathway for triggering calcium release. Recently it has been suggested that the calcium-induced calcium release mechanism can also be activated indirectly by the sodium current, which elevates the sodium concentration under the cell membrane, thereby favoring the entry of "trigger" calcium via the sodium-calcium exchanger. To test this hypothesis, sodium current was suppressed by reducing the external sodium concentration or applying tetrodotoxin. At potentials positive to -30 millivolts, calcium release was unaffected. A small calcium release at more negative potentials could be attributed to partial activation of calcium channels, because it was unaltered by replacement of sodium with lithium and was blocked by cadmium. Thus, sodium influx or its accumulation does not initiate calcium release. In addition, sodium-calcium exchange-related calcium release at potentials positive to +80 millivolts has slower kinetics than calcium channel-induced release. Therefore, only the calcium channel gates the fast release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the range of the action potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sham, J S -- Cleemann, L -- Morad, M -- HL-07400/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-16152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):850-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1311127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cadmium/physiology ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Heart/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/*drug effects ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Rats ; Sodium/*pharmacology ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    Widespread dispersion of neuronal clones across functional regions of the cerebral cortex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-24
    Beschreibung: The cerebral cortex of the mammalian brain has expanded rapidly during the course of evolution and acquired structurally distinguishable areas devoted to separate functions. In some brain regions, topographic restrictions to cell intermixing occur during embryonic development. As a means of examining experimentally whether such restrictions occur during formation of functional subdivisions in the rat neocortex, clonally related neocortical cells were marked by retroviral-mediated transfer of a histochemical marker gene. Clonal boundaries were determined by infection of the developing brain with a library of genetically distinct viruses and amplification of single viral genomes by the polymerase chain reaction. Many clonally related neurons in the cerebral cortex became widely dispersed across functional areas of the cortex. Specification of cortical areas therefore occurs after neurogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, C -- Cepko, C L -- NS 23021/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):434-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1734520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; Clone Cells ; Genetic Vectors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/*cytology ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    Neurotransmitter release from synaptotagmin-deficient clonal variants of PC12 cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-26
    Beschreibung: Synaptotagmin (p65) is an abundant synaptic vesicle protein of neurons and contains regions similar to the regulatory domain of protein kinase C. These domains are thought to be involved in calcium-dependent interaction with membrane phospholipids during exocytosis. To assess the functional role of synaptotagmin, synaptotagmin-deficient clonal variants of PC12 cells were isolated. All of the variant cells released catecholamine and adenosine triphosphate in response to elevated intracellular concentrations of calcium, which suggests that synaptotagmin is not essential for secretion of catecholamine and adenosine triphosphate from PC12 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoji-Kasai, Y -- Yoshida, A -- Sato, K -- Hoshino, T -- Ogura, A -- Kondo, S -- Fujimoto, Y -- Kuwahara, R -- Kato, R -- Takahashi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mitsubishi Kasel Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/secretion ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium/pharmacology ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Dopamine/secretion ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*secretion ; PC12 Cells ; Prosencephalon/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Synaptotagmin I ; Synaptotagmins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 45
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    Stress-induced facilitation of classical conditioning (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-24
    Beschreibung: Stress has been shown to impair subsequent learning. To determine whether stress would impair classical conditioning, rats were exposed to inescapable, low-intensity tail shock and subsequently classically conditioned under freely moving conditions with a brief periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus and a white noise conditioned stimulus. Unexpectedly stressed rats exhibited significantly more conditioned eyeblink responses and the magnitude of their individual responses was also enhanced. These results stand in contrast to the learning deficits typically observed and suggest that stress can enhance the acquisition of discrete conditioned responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shors, T J -- Weiss, C -- Thompson, R F -- AG00093/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG05500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG05514/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):537-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Blinking ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Electromyography ; Electroshock ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
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    Initiation of deregulated growth of multipotent progenitor cells by bcr-abl in vitro (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-08
    Beschreibung: Expression of the bcr-abl oncogene in multipotent progenitor cells (MPPCs) is implicated as a key event in the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone marrow enriched for MPPCs was infected with a retrovirus that carried bcr-abl. The mixed-lineage colonies that resulted were responsive to growth factors and could differentiate. These cells later became growth factor-independent but, when injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice, were not leukemogenic. Thus, the presence of bcr-abl alone does not cause growth factor independence, although it initiates a stepwise process. This system may prove useful in the study of other oncogenes that cause leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gishizky, M L -- Witte, O N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):836-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1375394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow/drug effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*genetics ; Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-3/pharmacology ; Macrophages/cytology/drug effects ; Mast Cells/cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Stem Cell Factor ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 47
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    Modality-specific retrograde amnesia of fear (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-01
    Beschreibung: Emotional responses such as fear are rapidly acquired through classical conditioning. This report examines the neural substrate underlying memory of acquired fear. Rats were classically conditioned to fear both tone and context through the use of aversive foot shocks. Lesions were made in the hippocampus either 1, 7, 14, or 28 days after training. Contextual fear was abolished in the rats that received lesions 1 day after fear conditioning. However, rats for which the interval between learning and hippocampal lesions was longer retained significant contextual fear memory. In the same animals, lesions did not affect fear response to the tone at any time. These results indicate that fear memory is not a single process and that the hippocampus may have a time-limited role in associative fear memories evoked by polymodal (contextual) but not unimodal (tone) sensory stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, J J -- Fanselow, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1585183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amnesia, Retrograde/*etiology/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Fear/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Involvement of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in synapse elimination during cerebellar development (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-26
    Beschreibung: In many instances, the establishment of highly specific neuronal connections during development results from the rearrangement of axonal projections through the trimming of exuberant collaterals or the elimination of functional synapses or both. Although the involvement of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the glutamate receptor has been demonstrated in the shaping of axonal arbors, its participation in the process of selective stabilization of synapses remains an open issue. In this study, the effects of chronic in vivo application of D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D,L-APV), a selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor, on the synapse elimination process that takes place in the developing cerebellum of the rat have been analyzed. D,L-APV treatment prevented the regression of supernumerary climbing fiber synapses in 49 percent of the recorded Purkinje cells, while the inactive isomer L-APV was ineffective. Thus, activation of the NMDA receptor is a critical step in the regression of functional synapses during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabacchi, S -- Bailly, Y -- Delhaye-Bouchaud, N -- Mariani, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite Pierre and Marie Curie, Institut des Neurosciences, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebellum/*growth & development ; Electrophysiology ; Purkinje Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    The dispersion of neuronal clones across the cerebral cortex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kirkwood, T B -- Price, J -- Grove, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):317-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Count ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Clone Cells/*cytology ; Genetic Markers ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats ; Retroviridae
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Alternative forms of Max as enhancers or suppressors of Myc-ras cotransformation (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-04-17
    Beschreibung: Max is a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein capable of forming sequence-specific DNA binding complexes with Myc proteins. An alternatively spliced messenger RNA has been identified that encodes a form of Max truncated at the COOH-terminus. This delta Max protein retained the ability to bind to the CACGTG motif in a complex with c-Myc but lacks the nuclear localization signal and the putative regulatory domain of Max. When tested in a myc-ras cotransformation assay in rat embryo fibroblasts, Max suppressed, whereas delta Max enhanced, transformation. Thus, the max gene may encode both a negative and a positive regulator of c-Myc function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makela, T P -- Koskinen, P J -- Vastrik, I -- Alitalo, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):373-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects/genetics ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; *Genes, myc ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Predisposition to renal cell carcinoma due to alteration of a cancer susceptibility gene (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-03-27
    Beschreibung: A single germ line gene mutation at a tumor susceptibility locus in a rodent model of hereditary human renal cancer caused a 70-fold increase in susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis. A carcinogen that targeted both renal epithelial and mesenchymal cells caused an increase in tumors of epithelial origin in susceptible animals; the number of carcinogen-induced mesenchymal tumors was unaffected by the presence of the mutation at the susceptibility locus. Thus, this mutation defines a genetic locus for susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumors and modulation of carcinogen susceptibility by this locus exhibits cell-type specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, C -- Goldsworthy, T L -- Wolf, D C -- Everitt, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 27;255(5052):1693-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*genetics/pathology ; Dimethylnitrosamine ; Disease Models, Animal ; Kidney Cortex/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Mutant Strains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Burst firing in dopamine neurons induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate: role of electrogenic sodium pump (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-23
    Beschreibung: Dopamine-containing neurons of the mammalian midbrain are required for normal behavior and movements. In vivo they fire action potentials in bursts, but in vitro they discharge regularly spaced action potentials. Burst firing in vitro has now been shown to be robustly induced by the glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) although not by the non-NMDA agonists kainate or quisqualate. The hyperpolarization between bursts of action potentials results from electrogenic sodium ion extrusion by a ouabain-sensitive pump. This mechanism of burst generation in mammalian neurons may be important in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, S W -- Seutin, V -- North, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):665-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1329209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; N-Methylaspartate/*pharmacology ; Neurons/*drug effects/physiology ; Quisqualic Acid/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sodium/physiology ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A strategy for delivering peptides into the central nervous system by sequential metabolism (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-18
    Beschreibung: Most peptides do not enter the central nervous system because of their hydrophilic character and the presence of peptidolytic enzymes in the lipoidal blood-brain barrier. To achieve brain delivery of a peptide conjugate, an opioid peptide (enkephalin) was placed in a molecular environment that disguises its peptide nature and provides biolabile, lipophilic functions to penetrate the blood-brain barrier by passive transport. The strategy also incorporates a 1,4-dihydrotrigonellinate targetor that undergoes an enzymatically mediated oxidation to a hydrophilic, membrane-impermeable trigonellinate salt. The polar targetorpeptide conjugate that is trapped behind the lipoidal blood-brain barrier is deposited in the central nervous system. Analgesia was observed with "packaged" enkephalin but not with the unmodified peptide or lipophilic peptide precursors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodor, N -- Prokai, L -- Wu, W M -- Farag, H -- Jonalagadda, S -- Kawamura, M -- Simpkins, J -- 1 PO AG10485/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1698-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminopeptidases/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/*physiology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADP/metabolism ; Peptides/*administration & dosage/chemistry/metabolism ; Prodrugs/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Solubility
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Carcinogenicity of butadiene (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rall, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1330; author reply 1331.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 55
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    Formation and activation of a cyclin E-cdk2 complex during the G1 phase of the human cell cycle (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-09-18
    Beschreibung: Human cyclin E, originally identified on the basis of its ability to function as a G1 cyclin in budding yeast, associated with a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase in human cells. The cyclin E-associated kinase activity peaked during G1, before the appearance of cyclin A, and was diminished during exit from the cell cycle after differentiation or serum withdrawal. The major cyclin E-associated kinase in human cells was Cdk2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). The abundance of the cyclin E protein and the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex was maximal in G1 cells. These results provide further evidence that in all eukaryotes assembly of a cyclin-Cdk complex is an important step in the biochemical pathway that controls cell proliferation during G1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koff, A -- Giordano, A -- Desai, D -- Yamashita, K -- Harper, J W -- Elledge, S -- Nishimoto, T -- Morgan, D O -- Franza, B R -- Roberts, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1689-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1388288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins/*metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; G1 Phase/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 56
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    Localization of targets for anti-ulcer drugs in cells of the immune system (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-12-04
    Beschreibung: The gastric mucosa consists of the epithelium, which lines the lumen, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. The targets of drugs used to treat stomach and duodenal ulcers are thought to be the acid-secreting parietal cells of the epithelium. However, immune cells in the lamina propria are the only cells that showed detectable messenger RNAs for histamine, muscarinic, gastrin, and dopamine receptors by in situ hybridization histochemistry. None of the epithelial cells expressed any of these messenger RNAs. Thus, the targets of antiulcer drugs seem to be cells of the immune system in the gut and not parietal cells, as generally believed. This conclusion may revise the thinking about ulcer formation and may shed light on the etiology of such chronic small intestinal diseases as Crohn's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mezey, E -- Palkovits, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/*pharmacology ; Duodenum/cytology/*drug effects/immunology ; Gastric Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestinal Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; Macrophages/drug effects/immunology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Stomach/cytology/*drug effects/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-22
    Beschreibung: The N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and unique voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium and is modulated by glycine. Molecular cloning identified three complementary DNA species of rat brain, encoding NMDA receptor subunits NMDAR2A (NR2A), NR2B, and NR2C, which are 55 to 70% identical in sequence. These are structurally related, with less than 20% sequence identity, to other excitatory amino acid receptor subunits, including the NMDA receptor subunit NMDAR1 (NR1). Upon expression in cultured cells, the new subunits yielded prominent, typical glutamate- and NMDA-activated currents only when they were in heteromeric configurations with NR1. NR1-NR2A and NR1-NR2C channels differed in gating behavior and magnesium sensitivity. Such heteromeric NMDA receptor subtypes may exist in neurons, since NR1 messenger RNA is synthesized throughout the mature rat brain, while NR2 messenger RNA show a differential distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monyer, H -- Sprengel, R -- Schoepfer, R -- Herb, A -- Higuchi, M -- Lomeli, H -- Burnashev, N -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1217-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1350383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/drug effects/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 58
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    Participation in normal immune responses of a metastasis-inducing splice variant of CD44 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-31
    Beschreibung: A variant of the glycoprotein CD44 (CD44v) that shares sequences with variants causally involved in metastasis formation is transiently expressed on B and T lymphocytes and macrophages after antigenic stimulation and in the postnatal period. Antibodies to the variant hinder in vivo activation of both B and T cells. The observation that a protein domain that is expressed on CD44 and required for the lymphatic spread of tumor cells can catalyze an essential step in the process of lymphocyte activation supports the idea that metastasizing tumor cells mimic lymphocyte behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arch, R -- Wirth, K -- Hofmann, M -- Ponta, H -- Matzku, S -- Herrlich, P -- Zoller, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):682-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Institut fur Radiologie und Pathophysiologie, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; DNA/chemistry ; *Genetic Variation ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 59
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    SV2, a brain synaptic vesicle protein homologous to bacterial transporters (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-08-28
    Beschreibung: Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) is a membrane glycoprotein specifically localized to secretory vesicles in neurons and endocrine cells. As a first step toward understanding the function of SV2 in neural secretion, a rat brain complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes SV2 was isolated and characterized. Analyses of this cDNA predict that SV2 contains 12 transmembrane domains. The NH2-terminal half of the protein shows significant amino acid sequence identity to a family of bacterial proteins that transport sugars, citrate, and drugs. Expression of the SV2 cDNA in COS cells yielded a high level of SV2-like immunoreactivity distributed in a reticular and punctate pattern, which suggests localization to intracellular membranes. Its localization to vesicles, predicted membrane topology, and sequence identity to known transporters suggest that SV2 is a synaptic vesicle-specific transporter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bajjalieh, S M -- Peterson, K -- Shinghal, R -- Scheller, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Brain/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; DNA/isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 60
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    Functional modulation of GABAA receptors by cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-31
    Beschreibung: gamma-Aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The role of protein phosphorylation in the modulation of GABAA receptor function was examined with cells transiently transfected with GABAA receptor subunits. GABAA receptors consisting of the alpha 1 and beta 1 or the alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 2 subunits were directly phosphorylated on the beta 1 subunit by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The phosphorylation decreased the amplitude of the GABA response of both receptor types and the extent of rapid desensitization of the GABAA receptor that consisted of the alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. Site-specific mutagenesis of the serine residue phosphorylated by PKA completely eliminated the PKA phosphorylation and modulation of the GABAA receptor. In primary embryonic rat neuronal cell cultures, a similar regulation of GABAA receptors by PKA was observed. These results demonstrate that the GABAA receptor is directly modulated by protein phosphorylation and suggest that neurotransmitters or neuropeptides that regulate intracellular cAMP levels may modulate the responses of neurons to GABA and consequently have profound effects on synaptic excitability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moss, S J -- Smart, T G -- Blackstone, C D -- Huganir, R L -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1323140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/physiology ; Transfection ; Zinc/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 61
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    Prevention of programmed cell death of sympathetic neurons by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-09
    Beschreibung: Approximately half of the neurons produced during embryogenesis normally die before adulthood. Although target-derived neurotrophic factors are known to be major determinants of programmed cell death--apoptosis--the molecular mechanisms by which trophic factors interfere with cell death regulation are largely unknown. Overexpression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in cultured sympathetic neurons has now been shown to prevent apoptosis normally induced by deprivation of nerve growth factor. This finding, together with the previous demonstration of bcl-2 expression in the nervous system, suggests that the Bcl-2 protein may be a major mediator of the effects of neurotrophic factors on neuronal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, I -- Martinou, I -- Tsujimoto, Y -- Martinou, J C -- CA-50551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-51864/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis/*genetics ; Cell Death/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/cytology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Rats ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*cytology ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 62
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    Association of a 59-kilodalton immunophilin with the glucocorticoid receptor complex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-29
    Beschreibung: Immunophilins, a family of proteins that exhibit rotamase (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase) activity in vitro, are expressed in many organisms and most tissues. Although some immunophilins can mediate the immunosuppressive actions of FK506, rapamycin, and cyclosporin A, the physiological role of the unligated proteins is not known. A 59-kilodalton member of the FK506- and rapamycin-binding class was found to associate in the absence of these drugs with two heat shock proteins (hsp90 and hsp70) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Together, these proteins make up the inactive GR, thus biochemically linking two families of proteins proposed to be involved in protein folding and assembly as well as two potent immunosuppressive modalities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tai, P K -- Albers, M W -- Chang, H -- Faber, L E -- Schreiber, S L -- DK41881/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD28034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 29;256(5061):1315-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1376003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Isomerases/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Heat-Shock Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Polyenes/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus/metabolism ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Submicrometer intracellular chemical optical fiber sensors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-30
    Beschreibung: A thousandfold miniaturization of immobilized optical fiber sensors, a millionfold or more sample reduction, and at least a hundredfold shorter response time, all simultaneously, were achieved by combining nanofabricated optical fiber tips with near-field photopolymerization. Specifically, pH optical fiber sensors were prepared with internal calibration, making use of the differences in both fluorescence and absorption of the acidic and basic dye species. The submicrometer sensors have excellent detection limits, as well as photostability, reversibility, and millisecond response times. Successful applications include intracellular and intraembryonic measurements. Potential applications include spatially and temporally resolved chemical analysis and kinetics inside single biological cells and their substructures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan, W -- Shi, Z Y -- Smith, S -- Birnbaum, D -- Kopelman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):778-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminum ; Animals ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian ; *Fiber Optic Technology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy/instrumentation/methods ; Miniaturization ; Optical Fibers ; Photochemistry ; Polymers ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrophotometry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
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    Reciprocal regulation of adipogenesis by Myc and C/EBP alpha (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-04-17
    Beschreibung: 3T3-L1 adipoblasts that express large amounts of c-Myc cannot terminally differentiate, raising the possibility that Myc inhibits the expression of genes that promote adipogenesis. The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP alpha) is induced during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis when cells commit to the differentiation pathway. Transfection of 3T3-L1 adipoblasts with the gene that encodes C/EBP alpha caused overt expression of the adipocyte morphology. Expression of Myc prohibited the normal induction of C/EBP alpha and prevented adipogenesis. Enforced expression of C/EBP alpha overcame the Myc-induced block to differentiation. These results provide a molecular basis for the regulation of adipogenesis and implicate Myc and C/EBP alpha as pivotal controlling elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freytag, S O -- Geddes, T J -- CA51748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Research Program, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 65
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    Oxytocin gene expression in rat uterus (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-12
    Beschreibung: The neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (OT) is the most potent uterotonic agent known and is used to induce labor. Yet, endogenous circulating OT appears not to participate in the induction of labor. As shown here, the finding of OT messenger RNA and peptide in the uterus suggests a solution for this paradox. During gestation, rat uterus OT messenger RNA increased more than 150-fold and, at term, exceeded hypothalamic OT messenger RNA by 70-fold. Thus, during parturition, OT may act primarily as a local mediator and not as a circulating hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lefebvre, D L -- Giaid, A -- Bennett, H -- Lariviere, R -- Zingg, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 12;256(5063):1553-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1598587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oxytocin/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Uterus/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Surprising new target found for anti-ulcer drugs (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-12-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1579.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/*pharmacology ; Cimetidine/pharmacology ; Duodenum ; Epithelium/drug effects/immunology ; Gastric Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Ranitidine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 67
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    Pioneering work in immune tolerance (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naji, A -- Posselt, A M -- Barker, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):727-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Rats ; Thymus Gland/*immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 68
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    Canadian chemist takes on working women (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crease, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Canada ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Sociology ; *Women, Working
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 69
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    Identification of a naturally occurring transforming variant of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-04-17
    Beschreibung: Transcription factor NF-kappa B comprises two proteins, p50 and p65, that have sequence similarity to the v-rel oncogene. In primary hematopoietic cell populations an alternatively spliced form of NF-kappa B p65 mRNA was observed that encoded a protein designated p65 delta. Expression of the p65 delta cDNA in Rat-1 fibroblasts resulted in focus formation, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, effects not obtained with expression of p65 or a p65 delta mutant that contains a disruption within the transcriptional activation domain. Thus, p65 delta, which associated weakly and interfered with DNA binding by p65, may sequester an essential limiting regulatory factor or factors required for NF-kappa B function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narayanan, R -- Klement, J F -- Ruben, S M -- Higgins, K A -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 17;256(5055):367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Genetic Variation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/*genetics ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncogene Proteins v-rel ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Reversal of the orientation of an integral protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-26
    Beschreibung: The NH2-terminus of the signal-anchor sequence of an integral, bitopic protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane was extended both in amino acid length (from 11 to 38 amino acids) and net charge (from +4 to +8)--changes that confer on the NH2-terminus characteristics of a strong matrix-targeting signal. The protein was inserted into the outer membrane but in an inverted orientation (Ncyto-Cin). These findings suggest that, in common with other membrane systems, the orientation of a protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane can be determined by a signal that causes retention of the NH2-terminus on the cytosolic side of the membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, J M -- Shore, G C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 26;256(5065):1815-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1615327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Intracellular Membranes/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry ; Mitochondria/*ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Protein Sorting Signals/chemistry ; Rats ; Transfection ; Yeasts
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The influence of prior synaptic activity on the induction of long-term potentiation (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-07
    Beschreibung: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an extensively studied model of synaptic plasticity, in part because it is a plausible biological correlate for the Hebbian synaptic modification that forms the basis for theoretical models of neural development, learning, and memory. Although these models must incorporate algorithms that constrain synaptic weight changes, physiological evidence for such mechanisms is limited. Examination of LTP in area CA1 of the hippocampus revealed that the threshold for LTP induction was not fixed but could be strongly influenced by the recent history of synaptic activity. This effect was transient, synapse-specific, and dependent on postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. These results suggest that the threshold for LTP induction may be continually adjusted according to the recent history of NMDA receptor activation and provide a physiological mechanism by which LTP can be transiently inhibited.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Y Y -- Colino, A -- Selig, D K -- Malenka, R C -- MH00942/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH45334/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):730-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A mutant of TTX-resistant cardiac sodium channels with TTX-sensitive properties (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-05-22
    Beschreibung: The cardiac sodium channel alpha subunit (RHI) is less sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) and more sensitive to cadmium than brain and skeletal muscle (microliter) isoforms. An RHI mutant, with Tyr substituted for Cys at position 374 (as in microliter) confers three properties of TTX-sensitive channels: (i) greater sensitivity to TTX (730-fold); (ii) lower sensitivity to cadmium (28-fold); and (iii) altered additional block by toxin upon repetitive stimulation. Thus, the primary determinant of high-affinity TTX-STX binding is a critical aromatic residue at position 374, and the interaction may take place possibly through an ionized hydrogen bond. This finding requires revision of the sodium channel pore structure that has been previously suggested by homology with the potassium channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Satin, J -- Kyle, J W -- Chen, M -- Bell, P -- Cribbs, L L -- Fozzard, H A -- Rogart, R B -- HL-20592/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-37217/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 23360/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1202-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1375397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Heart/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/physiology ; *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/genetics ; Rats ; Restriction Mapping ; Saxitoxin/pharmacology ; Sodium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/*pharmacology ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
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    GnRH-induced Ca2+ oscillations and rhythmic hyperpolarizations of pituitary gonadotropes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-24
    Beschreibung: Secretion of gonadotropic hormones from pituitary gonadotropes in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for regulation of reproductive potential. Gonadotropes from male rats exhibited an unusual form of cellular excitation that resulted from periodic membrane hyperpolarization. GnRH induced an oscillatory release of intracellular Ca2+ via a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein-coupled phosphoinositide pathway and hyperpolarized the gonadotrope periodically by opening apamin-sensitive Ca(2+)-activated K+ (SK) channels. Each hyperpolarization was terminated by firing of a few action potentials that may result from removal of inactivation from voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tse, A -- Hille, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):462-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1734523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apamin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Periodicity ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/cytology/*physiology ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; Rats
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    Unraveling the structure of IL-2 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bazan, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):410-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cattle ; Crystallography ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/*chemistry/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Sequence Alignment ; Sheep ; Swine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Calcium channels coupled to glutamate release identified by omega-Aga-IVA (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-10-09
    Beschreibung: Presynaptic calcium channels are crucial elements of neuronal excitation-secretion coupling. In mammalian brain, they have been difficult to characterize because most presynaptic terminals are too small to probe with electrodes, and available pharmacological tools such as dihydropyridines and omega-conotoxin are largely ineffective. Subsecond measurements of synaptosomal glutamate release have now been used to assess presynaptic calcium channel activity in order to study the action of peptide toxins from the venom of the funnel web spider Agelenopsis aperta, which is known to inhibit dihydropyridine and omega-conotoxin-resistant neuronal calcium currents. A presynaptic calcium channel important in glutamate release is shown to be omega-Aga-IVA sensitive and omega-conotoxin resistant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, T J -- Adams, M E -- Dunlap, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):310-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1357749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agatoxins ; Animals ; Batrachotoxins/pharmacology ; Brain/physiology/ultrastructure ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/ultrastructure ; Glutamates/*secretion ; Glutamic Acid ; Kinetics ; Mollusk Venoms/pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Rats ; Spider Venoms/*pharmacology ; Synaptosomes/physiology ; omega-Agatoxin IVA ; omega-Conotoxin GVIA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Insulin secretion from pancreatic B cells caused by L-arginine-derived nitrogen oxides (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-02-07
    Beschreibung: L-arginine causes insulin release from pancreatic B cells. Data from three model systems support the hypothesis that L-arginine-derived nitrogen oxides (NOs) mediate insulin release stimulated by L-arginine in the presence of D-glucose and by the hypoglycemic drug tolbutamide. The formation of NO in pancreatic B cells was detected both chemically and by the NO-induced accumulation of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. NG-substituted L-arginine analogs inhibited the release of both insulin and NO. Protein immunoblot and histochemical analysis with antiserum to type I NO synthase suggest that the formation of NO in pancreatic B cells is catalyzed by an NADPH- (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent type I NO synthase of about 150 kilodaltons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, H H -- Warner, T D -- Ishii, K -- Sheng, H -- Murad, F -- DK 30787/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 28474/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):721-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1371193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calmodulin/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*secretion ; NADP/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine ; Nitrogen Oxides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; omega-N-Methylarginine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producer cells for treatment of experimental brain tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-06-12
    Beschreibung: Direct in situ introduction of exogenous genes into proliferating tumors could provide an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of localized tumors. Rats with a cerebral glioma were given an intratumoral stereotaxic injection of murine fibroblasts that were producing a retroviral vector in which the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HS-tk) gene had been inserted. After 5 days during which the HS-tk retroviral vectors that were produced in situ transduced the neighboring proliferating glioma cells, the rats were treated with the anti-herpes drug ganciclovir. Gliomas in the ganciclovir- and vector-treated rats regressed completely both macroscopically and microscopically. This technique exploits what was previously considered to be a disadvantage of retroviral vectors--that is, their inability to transfer genes into nondividing cells. Instead, this feature of retroviruses is used to target gene delivery to dividing tumor cells and to spare nondividing neural tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culver, K W -- Ram, Z -- Wallbridge, S -- Ishii, H -- Oldfield, E H -- Blaese, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 12;256(5063):1550-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular Immunology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Brain Neoplasms/*therapy ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glioma/*therapy ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Simplexvirus/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
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    Neurexins: synaptic cell surface proteins related to the alpha-latrotoxin receptor and laminin (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-07-03
    Beschreibung: A family of highly polymorphic neuronal cell surface proteins, the neurexins, has been identified. At least two genes for neurexins exist. Each gene uses alternative promoters and multiple variably spliced exons to potentially generate more than a 100 different neurexin transcripts. The neurexins were discovered by the identification of one member of the family as the receptor for alpha-latrotoxin. This toxin is a component of the venom from black widow spiders; it binds to presynaptic nerve terminals and triggers massive neurotransmitter release. Neurexins contain single transmembrane regions and extracellular domains with repeated sequences similar to sequences in laminin A, slit, and agrin, proteins that have been implicated in axon guidance and synaptogenesis. An antibody to neurexin I showed highly concentrated immunoreactivity at the synapse. The polymorphic structure of the neurexins, their neural localization, and their sequence similarity to proteins associated with neurogenesis suggest a function as cell recognition molecules in the nerve terminal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ushkaryov, Y A -- Petrenko, A G -- Geppert, M -- Sudhof, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):50-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Isomerases/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclosporins/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Exons ; Laminin/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; PC12 Cells ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*genetics ; *Receptors, Peptide ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Spider Venoms/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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