ALBERT

Anmerkung: Contents: 1 General Introduction. - 1.1 The Climate System. - 1.2 The Atmosphere. - 1.3 Energy Budget and Atmospheric Composition. - 1.4 The Water Cycle. - 1.5 Aerosols and Climate Change. - 1.6 Outline of this Textbook. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles. - 2 Atmospheric Aerosols. - 2.1 Definitions. - 2.2 Sources of Aerosols and Aerosol Precursors. - 2.2.1 Marine Aerosols. - 2.2.2 Desert Dust. - 2.2.3 Volcanic Aerosols. - 2.2.4 Biogenic Aerosols. - 2.2.5 Biomass Burning Aerosols. - 2.2.6 Aerosols from Fossil Fuel Combustion. - 2.3 Spatial and Temporal Aerosol Distributions. - 2.4 Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions. - 2.5 Climate Effects of Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 3 Physical, Chemical and Optical Aerosol Properties. - 3.1 Fine, Accumulation and Coarse Modes. - 3.2 Size Distribution. - 3.3 Chemical Composition. - 3.3.1 Aerosol Mixture. - 3.3.2 Inorganic Aerosols. - 3.3.3 Black Carbon Aerosols. - 3.3.4 Organic Aerosols. - 3.3.5 Geographic Distribution of Aerosol Chemical Composition. - 3.4 Refractive Index. - 3.5 Deliquescence, Efflorescence and Hysteresis. - 3.6 Definition of Aerosol Optical Properties. - 3.6.1 Absorption and Scattering Cross Sections. - 3.6.2 Phase Function. - 3.6.3 Upscatter Fractions. - 3.7 Calculation of Aerosol Optical Properties. - 3.7.1 Mie Theory. - 3. 7.2 Extinction, Scattering and Absorption. - 3.7.3 Optical Depth and Angström Coefficient. - 3.8 Optical Properties of Nonspherical Aerosols. - 3.9 Aerosols and Atmospheric Visibility. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 4 Aerosol Modelling. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Emissions. - 4.2.1 Generalities. - 4.2.2 Fossil Fuels, Biofuels, and Other Anthropogenic Sources. - 4.2.3 Vegetation Fires. - 4.2.4 Sea Spray. - 4.2.5 Desert Dust. - 4.2.6 Dimethylsulphide. - 4.2.7 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds. - 4.2.8 Volcanoes. - 4.2.9 Resuspension. - 4.3 Atmospheric Processes. - 4.3.1 Nucleation. - 4.3.2 Condensation of Semi-Volatile Compounds. - 4.3.3 Coagulation. - 4.3.4 In-Cloud Aerosol Production. - 4.3.5 Wet Deposition. - 4.3.6 Dry Deposition. - 4.3.7 Sedimentation. - 4.3.8 Aerosol Transport. - 4.4 Modelling Approaches. - 4.4.1 Bulk Approach. - 4.4.2 Sectional Approach. - 4.4.3 Modal Approach. - 4.5 Example: The Sulphur Budget. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 5 Interactions of Radiation with Matter and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. - 5.2.1 Generalities. - 5.2.2 Definitions. - 5.3 Interactions of Radiation with Matter. - 5.3.1 Matter, Energy and Spectral Lines. - 5.3.2 Intensity of Spectral Lines. - 5.3.3 Spectral Line Profiles. - 5.3.4 Processes of lnteractions of Radiation with Matter. - 5.4 Modelling of the Interaction Processes. - 5.4.1 Molecular Absorption Coefficient. - 5.4.2 Scattering Phase Function. - 5.4.3 Molecular Scattering. - 5.4.4 Absorption and Scattering by Aerosols. - 5.4.5 Thermal Emission. - 5.5 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. - 5.5.1 Equation of Radiative Transfer. - 5.5.2 Extinction Only. - 5.5.3 Scattering Medium. - 5.5.4 Plane-Parallel Atmosphere. - 5.5.5 Resolution of the Equation of Radiative Transfer. - 5.6 Absorption Bands, Energy, and Actinic Fluxes. - 5.6.1 Main Molecular Absorption Bands in the Atmosphere. - 5.6.2 Radiative Flux. - 5.6.3 Two-Flux Method. - 5.6.4 Stefan-Boltzmann Law. - 5.6.5 Radiative Budget. - 5.6.6 Actinic Fluxes. - 5.6.7 Polarization of Radiation. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 6 In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements of Aerosols. - 6.1 Introduction to Aerosol Remote Sensing. - 6.2 Passive Remote Sensing: Measurement of the Extinction. - 6.2.1 General Principles. - 6.2.2 Ground-Based Photometry. - 6.2.3 Spaceborne Occultation Measurements. - 6.2.4 Retrieval of Aerosol Size Distribution. - 6.3 Passive Remote Sensing: Measurement of the Scattering. - 6.3.1 General Principles. - 6.3.2 Ground-Based Measurement of Scattered Radiation. - 6.3.3 Spaceborne Measurements of Scattered Radiation. - 6.4 Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.4.1 General Principles. - 6.4.2 Spaceborne Nadir Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.4.3 Spaceborne Limb Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.5 Active Remote Sensing: Lidar. - 6.5.1 General Principles. - 6.5.2 The Lidar Equation. - 6.5.3 Raman Lidar. - 6.6 In Situ Aerosol Measurements. - 6.6.1 Measurement of Aerosol Concentrations. - 6.6.2 Measurement of Aerosol Chemical Composition. - 6.6.3 Measurement of Aerosol Scattering. - 6.6.4 Measurement of Aerosol Absorption. - 6.7 Conclusions. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 7 Aerosol Data Assimilation. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Basic Principles of Data Assimilation. - 7.3 Applications of Data Assimilation for Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 8 Aerosol-Radiation Interactions. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Atmospheric Radiative Effects Due to Aerosols. - 8.2.1 Simplified Equation for Scattering Aerosols. - 8.2.2 Simplified Equation for Absorbing Aerosols. - 8.2.3 Radiative Transfer Calculations. - 8.2.4 Global Estimates and Sources of Uncertainty. - 8.3 Rapid Adjustments to Aerosol-Radiation Interactions. - 8.4 Radiative Impact of Aerosols on Surface Snow and Ice. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 9 Aerosol-Cloud lnteractions. - 39.1 Introduction. - 9 .1.1 Cloud Formation. - 9 .1.2 Cloud Distribution. - 9 .1.3 Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. - 9.2 Aerosol Effects on Liquid Clouds. - 9 .2.1 Saturation Pressure of Water Vapour. - 9.2.2 Kelvin Effect. - 9.2.3 Raoult's Law. - . - 9.2.4 Köhler Theory. - 9.2.5 Extensions to the Köhler Theory. - 9.2.6 CCN and Supersaturation in the Cloud. - 9.2.7 Dynamical and Radiative Effects in Clouds. - 9.2.8 Principle of the Cloud Albedo Effect. - 9.2.9 Observations of the Cloud Albedo Effect. - 9.2.10 Adjustments in Liquid Water Clouds. - 9.2.11 Rapid Adjustments Occurring in Liquid Clouds. - 9.3 Aerosols Effects on Mixed-Phased and Ice Clouds. - 9.3.1 Elements of Microphysics of Ice Clouds. - 9.3.2 Impact of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Ice Clouds. - 9.4 Forcing Due to Aerosol-Cloud lnteractions. - 9.5 Aerosols, Contrails and Aviation-Induced Cloudiness. - 9.5.1 Formation of Condensation Trails. - 9.5.2 Estimate of the Climate Impact of Contrails. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 10 Climate Response to Aerosol Forcings. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Radiative Forcing, Feedbacks and Climate Response. - 10.2.1 Radiative Forcing. - 10.2.2 Climate Feedbacks. - 10.2.3 Rapid Adjustments and Effective Radiative Forcing. - 10.2.4 Climate Response and Climate Efficacy. - 10.3 Climate Response to Aerosol Forcings. - 10.3.1 Equilibrium Response. - 10.3.2 Past Emissions. - 10.3.3 Detection and Attribution of Aerosol Impacts. - 10.3.4 Future Emissions Scenarios. - 10.4 Nuclear Winter. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 11 Biogeochemical Effects and Climate Feedbacks of Aerosols. - 11 .1 Introduction. - 11.2 Impact of Aerosols on Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 11.2.1 Diffuse Radiation and Primary Productivity. - 11.2.2 Aerosols as a Source of Nutrients. - 11.2.3 Acidification of Precipitation. - 11.3 Impact of Aerosols on Marine Ecosystems. - 11.4 Aerosols-Atmospheric Chemistry Interactions. - 11.4.1 Interactions with Tropospheric Chemistry. - 11.4.2 Impact of Stratospheric Aerosols on the Ozone Layer and Ultravialet Radiation. - 11.5 Climate Feedbacks Involving Marine Aerosols. - 11.5.1 Sulphate Aerosols from DMS Emissions. - 11.5.2 Marine Aerosols. - 11.5.3 Other Aerosols of Maritime Origin. - 11.6 Climate Feedbacks Involving Continental Aerosols. - 11.6.1 Secondary Organic Aerosols. - 11.6.2 Primary Aerosols of Biogenic Origin. - 11.6.3 Aerosols from Vegetation Fires. - 11.6.4 Desert Dust. - 11.7 Climate Feedbacks Involving Stratospheric Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 12 Strato

Anmerkung: Contents: 1. Introduction. - (1) The purposes of the long-term plan report. - (2) The background and particulars of this report. - (3) Contents of this report. - 2.Changes in the Arctic environment to date and in the near future. - 3. History of Arctic environmental research. - 4. Abstracts of all themes. - (1) Elucidation of abrupt environmental change in the Arctic associated with the on-going global warming. - Theme 1: Arctic amplification of global warming. - Theme 2: Mechanisms and influence of sea ice decline. - Theme 3: Biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem changes. - Theme 4: Ice sheet, glaciers, permafrost, snowfall, snow cover and hydrological cycle. - Theme 5: Interactions between the Arctic and the entire earth. - Theme 6: Predicting future environmental conditions of the Arctic based on paleoenvironmental records. - Theme 7: Effects of the Arctic environment on human society. - (2) Elucidation of environmental change concerning biodiversity. - Theme 8: Effects on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. - Theme 9: Influence on marine ecosystem and biodiversity. - (3) Broad and important subjects on the Arctic environment. - Theme 10: Geospace environment. - Theme 11: Interaction of surface environment change with solid earth. - Theme 12: Basic understanding on formation and transition process of permafrost. - (4) Development of methods enabling breakthroughs in environmental research. - Theme A: Sustainable seamless monitoring. - Theme B: Earth system-modeling for inter-disciplinary research. - Theme C: Data assimilation to connect monitoring and modeling. - 5. Improvement of research foundation. - Authors and reviewers.

Anmerkung: Contents: CHAPTER 1 Introduction ; CHAPTER 2 A Classical Monetary Model ; CHAPTER 3 The Basic New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 4 Monetary Policy Design in the Basic New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 5 Monetary Policy Tradeoffs: Discretion versus Commitment ; CHAPTER 6 A Model with Sticky Wages and Prices ; CHAPTER 7 Unemployment in the New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 8 Monetary Policy in the Open Economy ; CHAPTER 9 Lessons, Extensions, and New Directions ; Index

Anmerkung: I. Single Degree of Freedom Systems 1. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods 2. Free Vibration 3. Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations 4. Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitations 5. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 6. Earthquake Response of Linear Systems 7. Earthquake Response of Inelastic Systems 8. Generalized Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems II. Multi Degree of Freedom Systems 9. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods 10. Free Vibration 11. Damping in Structures 12. Dynamic Analysis and Response of Linear Systems 13. Earthquake Analysis of Linear Systems 14. Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Linear Systems 15. Reduction of Degrees of Freedom 16. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 17. Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity 18. Introduction to the Finite Element Method III. Earthquake Response, Design, and Evaluation of Multistory Buildings 19. Earthquake Response of Linearly Elastic Buildings 20. Earthquake Analysis and Response of Inelastic Buildings 21. Earthquake Dynamics of Base-Isolated Buildings 22. Structural Dynamics in Building Codes 23. Structural Dynamics in Building Evaluation Guidelines

Anmerkung: CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS PREFACE FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF POLAR EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS PREFACE FROM THE INTERACT STATION MANAGERS’ FORUM ABOUT INTERACT ABOUT APECS INTERACT STATIONS INTRODUCTION 1. Getting started – Outlining your field project 1.1 Scientific rationale and objectives 1.2 Methods and data requirements 1.3 What scientific equipment will you need? 1.4 Study site(s) 1.5 Risk assessment 1.5.1 Risk identification 1.5.2 Risk assessment 1.5.3 Risk mitigation 1.5.4 Contingency plans 1.6 Time schedules 1.6.1 Logistical organisation 1.6.2 Fieldwork activities 1.7 Project budget 1.8 Data and sample management 1.8.1 Data management plan 1.8.2 Sample labelling 1.8.3 Field instrumentation 1.9 Environmental compliance 1.10 Output Chapter resources 2. Further planning – Practicalities and legal issues 2.1 Applying for access to the station 2.2 Transport to the station and conditions for visiting 2.2.1 Access to the station 2.2.2 Conditions for visiting 2.3 Visas and permits required by national authorities 2.3.1 Visas 2.3.2 Permits 2.4 Working with local communities 2.5 Equipment transport 2.6 Checklists and equipment 2.6.1 Checklists 2.6.2 Personal clothing 2.7 Import and export regulations 2.7.1 Import and export permits 2.7.2 Transporting hazardous goods 2.7.3 Handling cooled and frozen materials 2.8 Insurance 2.9 Check-ups and chronical illness 2.10 Training activities 2.11 Financial and other administrative issues 2.12 Final checks before leaving Chapter resources 3. Safety 3.1 General safety guidelines 3.2 Safety barriers 3.2.1 Knowledge, experience, and skills 3.2.2 Attitude and culture 3.2.3 Judgement and leadership 3.2.4 Trip plan 3.3 Education and training 3.4 Health and first aid 3.4.1 Medicine and chronic illness 3.4.2 First aid 3.5 Transport 3.5.1 Aircraft 3.5.2 Boats 3.5.3 Snowmobiles 3.5.4 Vehicles (Automobiles and ATV’s) 3.6 Risks at the station 3.6.1 Fire 3.6.2 In the kitchen 3.6.3 Electricity 3.6.4 Hygiene 3.6.5 Laboratory work and chemicals 3.6.6 Workshops and equipment use 3.7 Risks in the field and at the camp 3.7.1 Field camps 3.7.2 Cooking and water treatment 3.7.3 Firearms 3.7.4 Extreme activities 3.8 Natural hazards 3.8.1 Weather change 3.8.2 Glacier fieldwork 3.8.3 Snow avalanches and cornice falls 3.8.4 Steep terrain: Rock avalanches, rock falls, and mud slides 3.8.5 Sea-ice or frozen lakes and rivers 3.8.6 River crossings 3.8.7 Wildlife 3.9 Means of communication 3.9.1 Fieldwork plans and sign in/out boards 3.9.2 Routine calls 3.9.3 Non-routine calls 3.9.4 Emergency calls 3.10 Safety equipment 3.10.1 Communication equipment 3.10.2 Navigation equipment 3.10.3 Clothing 3.10.4 Field camp equipment 3.10.5 Specific safety equipment 3.11 Emergency preparedness Chapter resources 4. Arrival at the station and your time in the field 4.1 Getting to know your team 4.2 Arrival at the station 4.3 Working at field sites 4.4 In case something does not go according to plan 4.4.1 Handling delays 4.4.2 Handling conflicts 4.4.3 Harassment and discrimination 4.5 Environmental considerations 4.5.1 Pollution prevention 4.5.2 Waste management 4.5.3 Reducing energy use 4.5.4 Respect protected areas, fauna, and flora 4.6 Working with local communities 4.7 Communication with the outside world 4.8 Leaving the field Chapter resources 5. After fieldwork 5.1 Reporting to the station, funders, and local communities 5.2 Data preservation, backup, and submission APPENDICES Appendix A: Checklists Appendix B: Equipment lists Appendix C: Health risks

Anmerkung: Introduction: networks and human behavior -- Power and influence: central positions in networks -- Diffusion and contagion -- Too connected to fail: financial networks -- Homophily: houses divided -- Immobility and inequality: network feedback and poverty traps -- The wisdom and folly of the crowd -- The influence of our friends and our local network structures -- Globalization: our changing networks.

Anmerkung: Introduction : a focus on migrant inclusion and the politics of immigration and asylum in EuropeThe nation-state and NGOo political activity -- Domestic opportunities and constraints -- Cooperation along two dimensions : public visibility and intensity of commitment -- Asymmetries within the movement : the provision and receipt of less publicly visible movement "goods" -- Cooperation within the state : publicly visible campaigns and common projects -- Cooperation beyond the state : transnational activism in the public realm -- NGOs as multilevel actors : toward a more complete understanding..

Anmerkung: Beiträge großteils deutsch, teilweise englisch

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction: Analyzing Qualitative Data with Software ; Getting to Know the Interface of MAXQDA ; Setting Up a Project and Importing Data ; Transcribing Audio and Video Recordings ; Exploring the Data ; Coding Text and PDF Files ; Coding Video Data, Audio Data, and Images ; Building a Coding Frame ; Working with Coded Segments and Memos ; Adding Variables and Quantifying Codes ; Working with Paraphrases and Summaries, Creating Case Overviews ; Comparing Cases and Groups, Discovering Interrelations, and Using Visualizations ; Analyzing Mixed Methods Data ; Working with Bibliographic Information and Creating Literature Reviews ; Analyzing Focus Group Data ; Analyzing (Online) Survey Data with Closed and Open-Ended Questions ; MAXMaps: Creating Infographics and Concept Maps ; Collaborating in Teams ; Analyzing Intercoder Agreement ; Documenting and Archiving the Research Process

Anmerkung: Contents: 1 Religion: It's a market ; 2 What determines religiousness ; 3 Religion and economic growth ; 4 Islam and economic growth ; 5 State religion ; 6 Religious clubs, terrorist organizations, and Tibetan Buddhism ; 7 When saints come marching in ; 8 The wealth of religions

Anmerkung: CONTENTS PREFACE 1 IASC Internal Development IASC Organization IASC Council IASC Executive Committee Secretariat ISIRA IASC Medal 2019 2 IASC Working Groups Cross-cutting Activities Launching of MOSAiC, an IASC Flagship Initiative Atmosphere Working Group (AWG) Cryosphere Working Group (CWG) Marine Working Group (MWG) Social and Human Working Group (SHWG) Terrestrial Working Group (TWG) 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2018 POLAR2018: Where the Poles Come Together Upcoming ASSWs 4 Data and Observations#Arctic Data Committee (ADC) Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) 5 Capacity Building IASC Fellowship Program Fellows’ Voices Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction / Lisa Early, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Marie Russell, Anna Hamer Adams & Jenny Ombler -- Auckland / Guy Salmon -- Hamilton / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Jenny Ombler & Anna Hamer-Adams -- Wellington / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Anna Hamer-Adams & Jenny Ombler -- Christchurch / Guy Salmon -- Dunedin / Marie Russell, Lisa Early, Jenny Ombler & Anna Hamer-Adams -- Survey of sentiments about cities / Philippa Howden-Chapman, Anna Hamer-Adams, Ed Randal, Ralph Chapman, Guy Salmon -- What shapes our cities? / Lisa Early, Marie Russell, Geoff Fougere & Philippa Howden-Chapman.

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction Partha Dasgupta and Peter Raven ; Prologue. Extinction: what it means to us Martin Rees ; 1. Extinction in deep time: lessons from the past? Neil Shubin ; 2. Biodiversity and global change: from creator to victim Timothy Lenton ; 3. The state of the world's biodiversity Stuart Pimm and Peter Raven ; 4. Extinction threats to life in the ocean and opportunities for their amelioration Jenna Sullivan, Vanessa Constant and Jane Lubchenco ; 5. Out of the soil: soil (dark matter biodiversity) and societal 'collapses' from Mesoamerica to the Mesopotamia and beyond Timothy Beach, Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach and Nicholas Dunning ; 6. The Green Revolution and crop biodiversity Prabhu Pingali ; 7. Population: the current state and future prospects John Bongaarts ; 8. Game over? Drivers of biological extinction in Africa Calestous Juma ; 9. Why we're in the sixth great extinction and what it means to humanity Partha Dasgupta and Paul Ehrlich ; 10. The consequences of biodiversity loss for human well-being Charles Perrings and Ann Kinzig ; 11. Terra incognita: in search of the disconnect Mathis Wackernagel ; 12. How do we stem biodiversity loss? Gretchen Daily and Stephen Polasky ; 13. Can smart villages help to stem biodiversity loss? Brian Heap, John Holmes and Bernie Jones ; 14. The new design condition: planetary urbanism + resource scarcity + climate change John Hoal.

Anmerkung: Contents: Empire of law --Coding land --Cloning legal persons --Minting debt --Enclosing nature's code --A code for the globe --The masters of the code --A new code? --Capital rules by law.

Anmerkung: Contents: Every country for itself? -- What slippery slope? -- The anatomy of globalism -- The West's globalist history -- Free trade and its discontents -- The mirage of sovereignty -- Citizens of nowhere, unite! -- A globalism for the people.

Anmerkung: Table of Contents Introductory perspectives Chapter 1: Introduction: Cold War science in the North American Arctic / by Stephen Bocking, Daniel Heidt Strategic science Chapter 2: Ice and the depths of the ocean: probing Greenland's Melville Bay during the Cold War / by Mark Nuttall Chapter 3: Leadership, cultures, the Cold War and the establishment of Arctic scientific stations: situating the Joint Arctic Weather Stations (JAWS) / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Daniel Heidt Chapter 4: Frontier footage: science and colonial attitudes on film in Northern Canada, 1948–1954 / by Matthew S. Wiseman Chapter 5: Portraying America's last frontier: Alaska in the media during the Second World War and the Cold War / by Victoria Herrmann Chapter 6: Making “Man in the Arctic”: academic and military entanglements, 1944–49 / by Matthew Farish Cold War economies Chapter 7: Arctic pipelines and permafrost science: North American rivalries in the shadow of the Cold War, 1968–1982 / by Robert Page Chapter 8: Cold oil: linking strategic and resource science in the Canadian Arctic / by Stephen Bocking Chapter 9: Icebergs in Iowa: Saudi dreams, Antarctic hydrologics and the production of Cold War environmental knowledge / by Rafico Ruiz Chapter 10: Science and Indigenous knowledge in land claims settlements: negotiating the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, 1977–1978 / by Andrew Stuhl Science crossing borders Chapter 11: Knowledge base: polar explorers and the integration of science, security, and US foreign policy in Greenland, from the Great War to the Cold War / by Dawn Alexandrea Berry Chapter 12: Institutions and the changing nature of Arctic research during the early Cold War / by Lize-Marié van der Watt, Peder Roberts, Julia Lajus Chapter 13: Rockets over Thule? American hegemony, ionosphere research and the politics of rockets in the wake of the 1968 Thule B-52 accident / by Henrik Knudsen Chapter 14: Applied science and practical cooperation: Operation Morning Light and the recovery of cosmos 954 in the Northwest Territories, 1978 / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Ryan Dean Chapter 15: Melting the ice curtain: indigeneity and the Alaska Siberia Medical Research Program, 1982–1988 / by Tess Lanzarotta Epilogue: global Cold War—the Antarctic and the Arctic Chapter 16: Antarctic science and the Cold War / by Adrian Howkins

Anmerkung: CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction: German Histories and Pacific Histories / Ulrike Strasser, Frank Biess, and Hartmut Berghoff Part I. Missionaries, Explorers, and Knowledge Transfer 1. German Apothecaries and Botanists in Early Modern Indonesia, the Philippines, and Japan / Raquel A. G. Reyes 2. A Bohemian Mapmaker in Manila: Travels, Transfers, and Traces between the Pacific Ocean and Germans Lands / Ulrike Strasser 3. German Naturalists in the Pacific around 1800: Entanglement, Autonomy, and a Transnational Culture of Expertise / Andreas W. Daum 4. Georg Wilhelm Steller and Carl Heinrich Merck: German Scientists in Russian Service as Explorers in the North Pacific in the Eighteenth Century / Kristina Küntzel-Witt 5. Johann Reinhold Forster and the Ship Resolution as a Space of Knowledge Production / Anne Mariss 6. Engineering Empire: German Influence on Chinese Industrialization, 1880-1925 / Shellen Wu Part II. Expansion, Entanglements, and Colonialism in the Long Nineteenth Century 7. Expanding the Frontier(s): The Spreckels Family and the German-American Penetration of the Pacific, 1 870-1920 / Uwe Spiekermann 8. Work and Non-work in the "Paradise of the South Sea": Samoa, ca. 1890-1914 195 / Jürgen Schmidt 9. German Women in the South Sea Colonies, 1884-1919 / Livia Rivotti 10. Sacrifice, Heroism, Professionalization, and Empowerment: Colonial New Guinea in the Lives of German Religious Women, 1899-1919 / Katharina Stornig 11. Rape, Indenture, and the Colonial Courts in German New Guinea / Emma Thomas 12. The Trans-Pacific "Ghadar" Movement: The Role of the Pacific in the Indo-German Plot to Overthrow the British Empire during World War I / Douglas T. McGetchin 13. The Vava'u Germans: History and Identity Construction of a Transcultural Community with Tongan and Pomeranian Roots / Reinhard Wendt Epilogue German Histories and Pacific Histories: New Directions / Matt Matsuda Index

Anmerkung: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019 , 1. Introduction 1.1. Research Objectives 1.2. Outline and Structure of the Thesis 2. Theoretical Background 2.1. Introduction 2.2. SAR Imaging 2.2.1. SAR Image Distortions 2.2.2. SAR Imaging Modes 2.2.3. SAR Missions 2.3. SAR Interferometry 2.3.1. InSAR Workflow 2.3.2. InSAR Decorrelation 2.3.3. Errors in InSAR 2.3.4. Examples of Interferograms 2.3.5. Decomposition of Line-of-Sight Measurements 2.4. Multi Temporal InSAR 2.4.1. Scattering Mechanisms in SAR Images 2.4.2. Interferogram Stacking 2.4.3. Persistent Scatterer InSAR 2.4.4. Small Baseline InSAR 2.5. Analysis of Displacement Time Series 2.5.1. Continuous Wavelet Transform 2.5.2. Cross Wavelet Transform 2.5.3. Application of CWT and XWT to InSAR Time Series 3. Methodological Contribution 37 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Challenges in Large-scale InSAR 3.3. Proposed Method 3.3.1. Interferogram Formation 3.3.2. Adaptive Correction of Interferograms 3.3.3. Estimating the Displacement Rate 3.3.4. Estimating the Time Series of Displacement 4. InSAR Monitoring of Localized Landslide in Taihape, New Zealand 4.1. Abstract 4.2. Introduction 4.3. Study Area 4.4. Methods 4.4.1. InSAR Measurement 4.4.2. Ancillary Data 4.4.3. Cause-Effect Analysis 4.5. Results 4.5.1. Small-baseline Interferograms 4.5.2. Time-series Results 4.6. Discussion 4.6.1. Suitability of InSAR Measurements for Monitoring the Taihape Landslide 4.6.2. Interpretation of InSAR Results 4.6.3. Comparison with Ground Truth 4.6.4. Comparison with Rainfall and Groundwater Level 4.7. Conclusion 4.8. Acknowledgments 4.9. Supplementary Materials 5. InSAR Measurement of Regional Land Subsidence in Tehran, Iran 5.1. Abstract 5.2. Introduction 5.3. Study Area and Problem Description 5.4. Datasets 5.4.1. SAR Data 5.4.2. Leveling 5.4.3. Groundwater Level 5.5. Methods 5.5.1. Multi-temporal InSAR Analysis 5.5.2. Merging InSAR Time Series 5.5.3. Cause-Effect Analysis 5.6. Results 5.6.1. Southwest of Tehran 5.6.2. IKA Airport 5.6.3. Varamin County 5.6.4. Time Series of Displacement 5.6.5. Accuracy, Precision and Consistency Assessments 5.7. Discussion 5.7.1. Structural Control of the Displacement 5.7.2. Comparison with Groundwater 5.7.3. Elastic vs. Inelastic Compaction 5.8. Conclusion 5.9. Acknowledgments 5.10. Supplementary materials 5.10.1. Significance of Tropospheric Delay 5.10.2. Decomposition of LOS Measurement 5.10.3. Under/Overestimation of Displacement Rates 6. Sentinel-1 InSAR Measurement of Anthropogenic Deformation in Germany 6.1. Summary 6.2. Introduction 6.3. Sentinel-1 InSAR Processing 6.4. Large-scale Sentinel-1 Processing 6.5. Anthropogenic Ground Motion in Berlin 6.6. Mining-induced Deformation in Leipzig 6.7. Conclusions and Prospect 6.8. Acknowledgements 7. Subsequent Work: Measurement of Localized Deformations over Extensive Areas 7.1. Introduction 7.2. SAR Datasets 7.3. Sentinel-1 Interferograms 7.4. Corrected Interferograms 7.5. Displacement Maps and Time Series 7.6. Discussion 7.7. Conclusion 8. Cooperation Works 8.1. Quantifying Land Subsidence in the Rafsanjan Plain, Iran Using InSAR Measurements 8.1.1. Abstract 8.1.2. Author Contribution 8.2. Characterizing Post-construction Settlement of Masjed-Soleyman Dam Using TerraSAR-X SpotLight InSAR 8.2.1. Abstract 8.2.2. Author Contribution 8.3. InSAR Observation of the 18 August 2014 Mormori (Iran) Earthquake 8.3.1. Author Contribution 9. Summary and Future Work 9.1. Future works , Zusammenfassung in Englisch und Deutsch Seite 3-6

Anmerkung: Contents 1 Introduction References Part I Molecular Stress Physiology 2 General Themes of Molecular Stress Physiology 2.1 Definitions and Concepts 2.1.1 Stress 2.1.2 Quantification of Stress 2.1.3 Escape–Resistance–Avoidance–Tolerance 2.1.4 Stress Responses–Acclimation–Adaptation 2.1.5 Filters Determining Species Distribution 2.2 Activation of Stress Tolerance and Avoidance Mechanisms 2.2.1 Stress Sensing and Signal Transduction 2.2.2 Transcriptional Control 2.2.3 Oxidative Stress 2.2.4 Long-Distance Stress Signalling 2.2.5 The Model System Arabidopsis thaliana 2.3 Stress and Growth Regulation 2.4 Molecular Basis of Escape and Anticipation of Stress 2.4.1 Circadian Rhythms 2.4.2 Anticipation of Seasonal Changes in Environmental Conditions 2.4.3 Developmental Switches Triggered by Favourable Conditions 2.4.4 Trans-Generational Stress Memory Summary References 3 Light 3.1 The Dual Significance of Light 3.2 Visible Light 3.2.1 Avoidance of Light Stress and Permanent or Dynamic Acclimation 3.2.2 Overexcitation and Damage to Photosynthetic Membranes. 3.2.3 Flexible Acclimation to Changes in Light Intensity 3.2.4 Continuous Light 3.2.5 Light Triggers Plant Adaptation and Acclimation to the Environment 3.3 UV-B Radiation 3.3.1 Ranges of Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Activity 3.3.2 Ultraviolet-B Damage and Repair Mechanisms 3.3.3 Avoidance of Ultraviolet-B-Induced Stress 3.3.4 Ultraviolet-B Perception and Signalling 3.3.5 Crosstalk Between Ultraviolet-B and Visible Light Responses Summary References 4 Temperature 4.1 The Temperature Challenge 4.1.1 Temperature Dependence of Life 4.1.2 Plants as Poikilothermic Organisms 4.1.3 Variations in Temperature Range 4.1.4 Strategies to Cope with Temperature Fluctuations and Temperature Extremes 4.2 Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance 4.2.1 Adjustment of Membrane Fluidity 4.2.2 Prevention of Photoinhibition 4.2.3 Cryoprotective Proteins 4.2.4 Control of Ice Formation 4.2.5 Signalling Networks Involved in Cold Acclimation 4.2.6 Freezing Avoidance and Freezing Tolerance in Tropical High Mountain Plants 4.3 Heat Stress 4.3.1 Heat Stress Avoidance 4.3.2 Acquired Thermotolerance 4.3.3 The Heat Shock Response 4.4 Temperature Sensing 4.4.1 Sensing of Extreme Temperatures 4.4.2 Sensing of Ambient Temperature Changes Summary References 5 Oxygen Deficiency 5.1 Conditions of Flooded Soil 5.2 Hypoxia-Induced Damage: Energy Metabolism of Plants Under Oxygen Deficiency 5.3 Natural Variation in the Ability to Endure Inundation by Water 5.4 Adaptations to Flooding-Prone Habitats 5.4.1 Anatomical–Morphological Adaptations and Modifications 5.4.2 Biochemical Modifications 5.5 Sensing of Flooding and Ensuing Signal Transduction 5.5.1 Ethylene Signal Transduction 5.5.2 Oxygen Sensing 5.6 Regulation of Avoidance and Tolerance Strategies Summary References 6 Water Deficiency (Drought) 6.1 The Properties of Water 6.2 Water Acquisition and Movement: Cellular Aspects 6.2.1 The Water Potential 6.2.2 Facilitation of Intercellular and Intracellular Water Flow: Aquaporins 6.3 Drought Stress Responses: Avoidance and Tolerance 6.3.1 Control of the Osmotic Potential 6.3.2 Protective Proteins 6.3.3 Regulation of the Stomatal Aperture 6.4 Acclimation of Growth 6.4.1 Inhibition of Shoot Growth 6.4.2 Stimulation of Root Growth 6.5 Sensing of Water Status and Signal Transduction 6.5.1 Sensing of Water Status 6.5.2 ABA Signal Transduction 6.5.3 ABA-Independent Signalling 6.6 Photosynthesis Variants with Improved Water Use Efficiency 6.6.1 C4 Photosynthesis 6.6.2 Evolution of C 4 Photosynthesis 6.6.3 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 6.6.4 Evolution of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Photosynthesis Summary References 7 Adverse Soil Mineral Availability 7.1 Mineral Nutrients 7.2 The Mineral Nutrition Challenge 7.2.1 Elements in the Soil 7.2.2 Element Toxicity 7.3 Nutrient Acquisition and Responses to Nutrient Scarcity 7.3.1 Modulation of Nutrient Availability 7.3.2 Cellular Ion Transport Mechanisms 7.3.3 Modulation of Nutrient Uptake in Response to Deficiency 7.3.4 Intracellular Transport and Cellular Aspects of Long-Distance Transport 7.3.5 Plasticity of Root Architecture and Responses to Nutrient Deficiency 7.3.6 Sensing of Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Status . 7.4 Nutrient Acquisition Symbioses 7.4.1 Mycorrhizae 7.4.2 Nitrogen Fixation 7.4.3 The Common Sym Pathway 7.5 Responses to Element Toxicity and Tolerance Mechanisms 7.5.1 Essential Metal Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.2 Metal Hyperaccumulators as Models for Adaptation to Extreme Environments 7.5.3 Sodium Toxicity 7.5.4 Aluminium Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.5 Non-Essential Toxic Metals Summary References 8 Biotic Stress 8.1 Plant Disease Caused by Pathogens 8.1.1 Types of Pathogens: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Oomycetes and Nematodes 8.1.2 Pathogenicity Mechanisms 8.2 Plant Defences Against Microbial Pathogens and Viruses 8.2.1 Preformed Defences Against Bacteria, Fungi and Oomycetes 8.2.2 Inducible Local Defences 8.2.3 Inducible Systemic Resistance 8.2.4 Defence Against Viruses via Gene Silencing 8.3 Herbivory 8.3.1 Constitutive Defences 8.3.2 Inducible Defences Against Herbivores 8.3.3 How Plant–Herbivore Interactions Drive Genetic Diversity 8.4 Parasitic Plants 8.5 Allelopathy Summary References Part II Physiological and Biophysical Plant Ecology 9 Thermal Balance of Plants and Plant Communities 9.1 Energy Balance of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 9.2 Microclimate Near the Ground Surface 9.2.1 Daily Changes in Temperature Near the Ground 9.2.2 Modification of Environmental Radiation and Temperature by Abiotic Factors 9.2.3 Modification of the Radiation Budget and Temperature by Biotic Factors 9.3 Energy Balance of Leaves 9.4 Acclimation and Adaptation to Temperature Extremes 9.4.1 Acclimation and Adaptation to High Temperatures 9.4.2 Acclimation and Adaptation to Low Temperatures Summary References 10 Water Relations 10.1 Water as an Environmental Factor 10.1.1 Water Use by Plants and Animals 10.1.2 Availability of Water on Earth 10.1.3 Drivers of Water Flow Between the Soil and the Atmosphere 10.2 Water Transport from the Soil to the Plant 10.2.1 Water Uptake 10.2.2 Xylem Water Transport 10.2.3 Phloem Water Transport 10.3 Transpiration 10.3.1 Stomatal Responses to Plant-Internal Factors 10.3.2 Stomatal Responses to Environmental Factors Summary References 11 Nutrient Relations 11.1 Availability of Soil Nutrients and Ion Use 11.1.1 Plant Nutrients 11.1.2 Availability of Nutrients in Soil 11.1.3 General Aspects of Plant Nutrition 11.1.4 Nutrient Deficiency and Excess 11.2 Nitrogen Nutrition 11.2.1 Nitrogen in Plant Metabolism 11.2.2 Nitrogen Uptake and Nutrition 11.2.3 Nitrogen Requirements for Growth 11.2.4 Nitrogen Storage 11.2.5 Insectivorous Plants 11.2.6 Nitrogen Deficiency and Excess 11.3 Sulphur Nutrition 11.3.1 Sulphur in Plant Metabolism 11.3.2 Sulphur Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.3.3 Indicators of Sulphur Deficiency and Excess 11.4 Phosphate Nutrition 11.4.1 Phosphorus in Plant Metabolism 11.4.2 Phosphate Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.4.3 Indicators of Phosphorus Deficiency and Excess 11.5 Alkaline Cation Nutrition 11.5.1 Magnesium 11.5.2 Calcium 11.5.3 Potassium Summary References 12 Carbon Relations 12.1 Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake: Physiological and Physical Basis 12.1.1 Photosynthesis as a Diffusion Process 12.1.2 Evolution of C 3, C4 and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Species 12.2 Photosynthesis Models and Calculation of 13C/12C Fluxes (Contribution by A. Arneth) 12.2.1 RubisCO-Limited or RuBP-Saturated Rate (Av) 12.2.2 RuBP Regeneration–Dependent and Electron Transport–Limiting Rate (Aj) 12.2.3 Supply of CO 2 Through Stomata 12.2.4 13C/12C Discrimination 12.3 Specific Leaf Area, Nitrogen Concentrations and Photosynthetic Capacity 12.3.1 Specific Leaf Area 12.3.2 Maximum Rates of CO2 Assimilation 12.4 Response of Photosynthesis to Environmental Variables 12.4.1 Light Response of CO 2 Assimilation 12.4.2 Temperature Response of CO2 Assimilation 12.4.3 Relative Air Humidi

Anmerkung: Contents Consistency and Uncertainty Analyses of Sediment Transport Monitoring in the Transboundary River: Case Study of Western Dvina (Russian Federation, Belarus and Latvia) / S. R. Chalov Global Change Impact on Ephemeral Streams Sediment Load in the Raya Graben, Northern Ethiopia / P. Billi, B. Demissie, J. Nyssen, A. Frankl, and M. Haile Longitudinal and Cross Profiles as Indicators of Morphodynamics of Small Drainage Basins (Case Study European Russia) / V. P. Bondarev Change of Erosive Activity in the Context of Change of the Climate / S. V. Budnik Numerical Modeling of Channel Deformation Taking into Account Sediment Fractions Distribution / A. I. Aleksyuk, V. V. Belikov, N. M. Borisova, and T. A. Fedorova Drivers of Sedimentary Fluxes Assessment in Alpine Catchments / V. O. Bazilova, S. R. Chalov, and A. S. Tsyplenkov Peculiarities of Ice Nucleation on Particles in Atmosphere and Soil / D. M. Frolov The Extreme Rainfall Characteristics and Terrace Greenhouse Erosion Control in Climate Change and Human Impact in Hilly and Gully Region of the Loess Plateau in China / J. E. Gao, Y. X. Zhang, X. H. Li, H. J. Li, Z. Gao, and M. J. Ji Integration of Landforms, Deposits and Paleosols Analysis for Reconstructing Holocene Debris Flow Activity in the Low Mountains of Kola Peninsula / E. V. Garankina, V. R. Belyaev, Y. R. Belyaev, A. L. Gurinov, M. M. Ivanov, N. V. Kuzmenkova, F. A. Romanenko, A. I. Rudinskaya, and E. D. Tulyakov Trees as Large-Scale Natural Phononic Crystals / Jian-Kun Huang, Yi-Fan Liu, and Ya-Guang Li Climate Change and Sediment Yield in Kamchatka, Far East of Russia / L. V. Kuksina Selenga River Runoff Projections in the XXI Century: ECOMAG-Based Simulation Results / T. D. Millionshchikova Postglacial Incision-Widening-Infill Cycles at the Borisoglebsk Upland: Correlations Between Interfluve Headwaters and Fluvial Network / Y. V. Shishkina, E. V. Garankina, V. R. Belyaev, P. V. Andreev, A. I. Bondar, V. I. Potapova, T. A. Verlova, and ILYA G. Shorkunov Geomorphometric and Geoinformation Approach to Meliorative Evaluation of the Territory / A. R. Suleymanov The Innovation Technology Based on Molecular Phylogeny of Bacillariophyceae for Water Quality Monitoring / A. E. Sverdrup and L. L. Frolova Water Balance Assessment Using Swat Model. Case Study on Russian Subcatchment of Western Dvina River / P. N. Terskii, A. A. Kuleshov, and S. R. Chalov Numerical Modeling of Channel Processes and Hydraulic Engineering Impact on the River Amur / E. Fingert, I. Krylenko, V. Belikov, P. Golovlyov, M. Samokhin, S. Borovkov, and A. Zavadskii Channel Processes Dynamics at Wet Subtropical Climate of Russian Black Sea Coast / Y. Kuznetsova, V. Golosov, and N. Ivanova Intra-storm Variability of Coefficient of Variation of Runoff and Soil Loss in Consecutive Storms at Experimental Plot Scale / M. Kiani-Harchegani, S. H. R. Sadeghi, and A. Ghahramani Study of Channel Changes in the Lena River Near Yakutsk Based on Long-Term Data, Satellite Images and Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model / E. D. Kornilova, E. A. Morozova, I. N. Krylenko, E. A. Fingert, P. P. Golovlyov, A. S. Zavadsky, and V. V. Belikov A Probabilistic Approach to Interpret Long-Term Observations of Sediment Yield in Experimental Catchments in Southern Italy / P. Porto and G. Callegari Extreme Erosion Events and Climate Change / E. V. Promakhova, L. V. Kuksina, and V. N. Golosov The Emission of Carbon Dioxide from Soils Washed-Out and Buried by Accelerated Erosion in the Chernozem Belt of the European Russia / A. Sidorchuk Gully Erosion and Thermo-erosion Modelling for the Conditions of the Modern and the Late-Glacial Periglacial Climate / A. Sidorchuk

Anmerkung: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Evolution and Progress Accomplished During Previous French-Japanese Symposiums of Oceanography / Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi 2 Challenge to Resolve Problems in the Ocean and Coastal Waters in Future Earth with Stronger Cooperation Between the Two Societies Franco-Japonaise of Oceanography / Teruhisa Komatsu Part II Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts 3 Slower Decrease in Radioactive Concentrations in Some Fish Species After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster / Hisayuki Arakawa 4 Influence of Behavioral Patterns of Several Fish Species on Their Radioactive Cesium Concentrations Revealed with a Biotelemetry System After the Nuclear Accident Caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake / Keiichi Uchida, Kohei Hasegawa, Yoshinori Miyamoto, Hisayuki Arakawa, Seiji Akiyama and Naoto Hirakawa 5 Estimate of Water Quality Change in Osaka Bay Caused by the Suspension of Marine Sediment with Mega Tsunami / Mitsuru Hayashi, Satoshi Nakada, Shunich Koshimura and Eiichi Kobayashi 6 Litter in the Mediterranean Sea / François Galgani 7 The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in France: An Example of Close Cooperation Among Researchers and Fishers to Study and Manage an Endangered Species / Patrick Prouzet, Elsa Amilhat, Catherine Boisneau, Philippe Boisneau, Eric Feunteun and Nicolas Michelet 8 Trophic Cascade in Seaweed Beds in Sanriku Coast Hit by the Huge Tsunami on 11 March 2011: Sea Urchin Fishery as a Satoumi Activity Serving for Increase in Marine Productivity and Biodiversity / Teruhisa Komatsu, Shuji Sasa, Hiroki Murata, Shuhei Sawayama, Masahiro Hamana, Minami Asada, Ryo Tsujimoto, Genki Terauchi and Tetsuo Yanagi 9 The English Channel: Becoming like the Seas Around Japan / Jean-Claude Dauvin, Jean-Philippe Pezy and Alexandrine Baffreau Part III Physical Oceanography 10 Recent Research Results and Future Project in the Antarctic Ocean by Umitaka-Maru Research Group for Physical Oceanography / Yujiro Kitade, Keishi Shimada, Shigeru Aoki and Kay I. Ohshima 11 Response of Near-Inertial Internal Waves to Various Typhoon-Tracks Around the Tango Peninsula, Japan / Keiichi Yamazaki, Yujiro Kitade, Yosuke Igeta, Yutaka Kumaki and Tatsuro Watanabe 12 A High-Resolution Unstructured Grid Finite Volume Model for Currents Around Narrow Straits of Matsushima Bay / Hidekazu Shirai, Ritsuki Kunisato, Shinya Magome, Teruhisa Hattori, Takamasa Takagi, Katsuaki Okabe, Kazufumi Takayanagi and Shigeho Kakehi 13 Observation of Near-Bottom Current on the Continental Shelf Off Sanriku / Daigo Yanagimoto, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Shinzou Fujio, Hajime Nishigaki and Miho Ishizu Part IV Innovative Research 14 Control of Pressure-Driven Microdroplet Formation and Optimum Encapsulation in Microfluidic System / Mathias Girault, Akihiro Hattori, Hyonchol Kim, Kenji Matsuura, Masao Odaka, Hideyuki Terazono and Kenji Yasuda 15 Development of a De-oiling System for Seabed Sediments / Yoshichika Ikeda, Motohiro Miki, Hisayuki Arakawa and Mitsuru Izumi 16 Development of an Optical Detection System of Fuel Oil on Seabed Sediments / Akira Matsumoto, Kazuki Toguchi, Yoshichika Ikeda and Hisayuki Arakawa 17 Retinomotor and Stress Responses of Marbled Sole Pseudopleuronectes Yokohamae Under the LEDs / Rena Shibata, Yasuyuki Uto, Kenichi Ishibashi and Takashi Yada 18 Metabolome Profiling of Growth Hormone Transgenic Coho Salmon by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / Toshiki Nakano, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Giles Yeo, Robert H. Devlin and Tomoyoshi Soga 19 Estimating the Diets of Fish Using Stomach Contents Analysis and a Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models in Sendai Bay / Hiroyuki Togashi, Yukinori Nakane, Yosuke Amano and Yutaka Kurita Part V Coastal Ecosystem and Management 20 Ecological Status of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) in France: Need for an Ecosystemic Approach / Patrick Prouzet and Nicolas Michelet 21 Challenges to Harmonize Sustainable Fishery with Environmental Conservation in the Coastal Ecosystems Under Oligotrophication / Masakazu Hori, Masahito Hirota, Franck Lagarde, Sandrine Vaz, Masami Hamaguchi, Naoaki Tezuka, Mitsutaku Makino and Ryo Kimura 22 One-Year Colonization by Zoobenthic Species on an Eco-Friendly Artificial Reef in the English Channel Intertidal Zone / Jean-Claude Dauvin and Aurélie Foveau 23 New Installations of Artificial Reefs Along the Coast of the Landes (South–West Atlantic Coast of France) / Gérard Fourneau, Florence Dufour, Aurélie Penne, Nelly Ferrou, Thomas Scourzic, Aurore Laborde and Elodie Zaccari 24 Marine Ecosystem Services: Perception of Residents from Remote Islands, Taketomi Town / Kazumi Wakita, Keiyu Kohama, Takako Masuda, Katsumi Yoshida, Taro Oishi, Zhonghua Shen, Nobuyuki Yagi, Hisahi Kurokura, Ken Furuya and Yasuwo Fukuyo 25 Quantitative Mapping of Fish Habitat: From Knowledge to Spatialised Fishery Management / Sandrine Vaz and Olivier Le Pape 26 Do Our Ocean Policies Make Any Difference in the Wellbeing of Coastal Communities? / Yves Henocque Part VI Aquaculture 27 Heterogeneity of Japanese Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Spat Collection in a Shellfish Farmed Mediterranean Lagoon / Franck Lagarde, Martin Ubertini, Serge Mortreux, Adeline Perignon, Axel Leurion, Patrik Le Gall, Claude Chiantella, Slem Meddah, Jean-Louis Guillou, Gregory Messiaen, Béatrice Bec, Cécile Roques, Delphine Bonnet, Hélène Cochet, Ismaël Bernard, Erika Gervasoni, Marion Richard, Gilles Miron, Annie Fiandrino, Stephane Pouvreau and Emmanuelle Roque D’orbcastel 28 Suitable Oyster Culture Density in Oginohama Bay, Miyagi, Japan / Yutaka Okumura, Akatsuki Nawata, Hiroshi Ito, Akio Oshino and Motoyuki Hara 29 Population Dynamics of the Manila Clam Ruditapes Philippinarum and Implications of the 2011 Tsunami Impact in Two Shallow, Semi-enclosed Bays in Northeastern Japan / Hirokazu Abe, Masami Hamaguchi, Naoto Kajihara, Yuichi Taniai, Akio Oshino, Akihiro Moriyama and Takashi Kamiyama 30 Feed and Feeding in Certification Schemes of Sustainable Aquaculture / Catherine Mariojouls, Raphaëla Le Gouvello and François Simard Part VII Short and Preliminary Communications 31 French Bluefin Tuna Longline Fishery Bycatch Programme / François Poisson, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Hervé Demarcq, Luisa Métral, Blandine Brisset, Delphine Cornella and Bertrand Wendling 32 137 Cs and Tritium Concentrations in Seawater off the Fukushima Prefecture: Results from the SOSO 5 Rivers Cruise (October 2014) / Michio Aoyama, Hervé Thébault, Y. Hamajima, Sabine Charmasson, Mireille Arnaud and Céline Duffa Correction to: Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth / Teruhisa Komatsu, Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi, Jiro Yoshida, Patrick Prouzet and Yves Henocque Author Index

Anmerkung: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Cardiac Development and Animal Models of Congenital Heart Defects / Robert G. Kelly 2 Normal Cardiac Anatomy and Clinical Evaluation / David J. Driscoll Part II Development of the Heart and Its Vessels 3 First and Second Heart Field / Margaret Buckingham 4 Neural Crest / Bijoy Thattaliyath and Mary Hutson 5 Inflow Tract Development / Andy Wessels 6 Epicardium and Coronary Arteries / José C. Martín-Robles and José M. Pérez-Pomares 7 Establishment of Cardiac Laterality / George C. Gabriel and Cecilia W. Lo 8 Cardiac Conduction System / Rajiv Mohan and Vincent M. Christoffels 9 Hemodynamics During Development and Postnatal Life / David Sedmera 10 Evolutionary Aspects of Cardiac Development / Bjarke Jensen and Antoon F.M. Moorman Part III Central Molecular Pathways 11 Inter- and Intracellular Signaling Pathways / Jörg Heineke 12 Cardiac Transcription Factors and Regulatory Networks / Marcel Grunert, Cornelia Dorn, and Silke Rickert-Sperling 13 Post-transcriptional Regulation by Proteins and Non-coding RNAs / Amelia E. Aranega and Diego Franco 14 Post-translational Modification / Jun Wang and Robert J. Schwartz 15 Epigenetics / Rajan Jain, Mudit Gupta, and Jonathan A. Epstein 16 Environmental Signals / George A. Porter Jr. 17 The Contractile Apparatus of the Heart / Ingo Morano 18 Technologies to Study Genetics and Molecular Pathways / Cornelia Dorn, Marcel Grunert, Ana Dopazo, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Alberto Gatto, Jésus Vázquez, Silke Rickert-Sperling, and Enrique Lara-Pezzi Part IV Atrial Septal Defect 19 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Atrial Septal Defect / David J. Driscoll 20 Human Genetics of Atrial Septal Defect / Rabia Khan and Patrick Y. Jay 21 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Atrial Septal Defect / Patrick Y. Jay, Karl R. Degenhardt, and Robert H. Anderson Part V Ventricular Septal Defect 22 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Ventricular Septal Defect / David J. Driscoll 23 Human Genetics of Ventricular Septal Defect / Katherina Bellmann, Andreas Perrot, and Silke Rickert-Sperling 24 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Ventricular Septal Defect / Lucile Houyel Part VI Atrioventricular Septal Defect 25 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Atrioventricular Septal Defect / David J. Driscoll 26 Human Genetics of Atrioventricular Septal Defect / Cheryl L. Maslen 27 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Atrioventricular Septal Defect / Andy Wessels Part VII Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 28 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return / David J. Driscoll 29 Human Genetics of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return / Robert E. Poelmann, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, Marco C. DeRuiter, and Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot 30 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return / Robert E. Poelmann, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, and Marco C. DeRuiter Part VIII Tetralogy of Fallot and Double Outlet Right Ventricle 31 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Tetralogy of Fallot and Double Outlet Right Ventricle / David J. Driscoll 32 Human Genetics of Tetralogy of Fallot and Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Cornelia Dorn, Andreas Perrot, and Silke Rickert-Sperling 33 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Tetralogy of Fallot and Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Robert G. Kelly Part IX d-Transposition of the Great Arteries 34 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of d-Transposition of the Great Arteries / David J. Driscoll 35 Human Genetics of d-Transposition of the Great Arteries / Patrice Bouvagnet and Anne Moreau de Bellaing 36 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of d-Transposition of the Great Arteries / Amy-Leigh Johnson and Simon D. Bamforth Part X Defects of Situs 37 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Defects of Situs / David J. Driscoll 38 Human Genetics of Defects of Situs / Andreas Perrot and Silke Rickert-Sperling 39 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Defects of Situs / Nikolai T. Klena, George C. Gabriel, and Cecilia W. Lo Part XI Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies 40 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies / David J. Driscoll 41 Human Genetics of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies / Matina Prapa and Siew Yen Ho 42 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies / Amy-Leigh Johnson and Simon D. Bamforth Part XII Coronary Artery Anomalies 43 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Coronary Artery Anomalies / David J. Driscoll 44 Human Genetics of Coronary Artery Anomalies / Beatriz Picazo and José M. Pérez-Pomares 45 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Coronary Artery Anomalies / Juan A. Guadix and José M. Pérez-Pomares Part XIII Truncus Arteriosus 46 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Truncus Arteriosus / David J. Driscoll 47 Human Genetics of Truncus Arteriosus / Hiroyuki Yamagishi 48 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Truncus Arteriosus / Amy-Leigh Johnson and Simon D. Bamforth Part XIV Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart 49 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart / David J. Driscoll 50 Human Genetics of Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart / Abdul-Karim Sleiman, Liane Sadder, and George Nemer 51 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart / Kamel Shibbani and George Nemer Part XV Ebstein Anomaly 52 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Ebstein Anomaly / David J. Driscoll 53 Human Genetics of Ebstein Anomaly / Gregor U. Andelfinger 54 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Ebstein Anomaly / Gregor U. Andelfinger Part XVI Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 55 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / David J. Driscoll 56 Human Genetics of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Woodrow D. Benson 57 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Florian Wünnemann and Gregor U. Andelfinger Part XVII Cardiomyopathies 58 Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Cardiomyopathies / David J. Driscoll 59 Human Genetics of Cardiomyopathies / Alexa M.C. Vermeer, Arthur A.M. Wilde, and Imke Christiaans 60 Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Cardiomyopathies / Enkhsaikhan Purevjav

Anmerkung: Introduction: heritage and climate change: the future is not the past , Narratives of change on the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site , Heritage and climate change: a fatal affair , Climate and cultural heritage: an experiment with the weather memory bank , Diverse epistemic traditions in transformative climate change research and adaptation: heritage and legacy , "We now have a name for some of the big changes happening on our bubu [country]": the role of indigenous knowledge for the management of cultural landscapes in a changing climate: a case study of the Kuku Nyungkal people from the Queensland Wet Tropics, Australia , Climate change and the changing nature of conservation , Historical chestnut cultures, climate and rural landscapes in the Apennines , Part II. Creative responses to heritage and climate change relations: processes, policies and possibilities ; Heritage and climate change: organizational conflicts and conundrums , Heritage development and community resilience: insights for the era of climate change , Strategies for coping with the wicked problem of climate change: a natural heritage perspective , Buffer mechanisms for managing diversity and world heritage in the Cape Floral Region (South Africa) , "From dust to dust": earth buildings, process and change , Relationships between climate change and built heritage: the case of dense urban cities in Hong Kong and China , Taking the middle path to the coast: how community collaboration can help save threatened sites , Conclusion: valuing the ever-changing past

Anmerkung: Contents Preface / H.-G. Herbig, M. Aretz, M.R.W. Amler & S. Hartenfels Field trip Al: The Uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the type area of Southern Belgium / J. Denayer, C. Prestianni, B. Mottequin & E. POTY Field Trip A2: The Pennsylvanian of the Ruhr Basin and Osnabruck region, western Germany - facies, stratigraphy, and tectonics of a paralic foreland basin of the Variscides / V. Wrede, G. Drozdzewski, D. Juch, A. Leipner & M. Sowiak Field Trip A3: The classical Central European Permian: Continental "Rotliegend", marine "Zechstein", and the Permian-Triassic Transition in Germany / J. Schneider, T. Wotte, B. Gaitzsch, R. Werneburg, S. Zeibig & F. Scholze Field Trip Cl: The Mississippian Kulm Basin of the Rhenish Mountains, western Germany - fauna, facies, and stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic foreland basin / H.-G. Herbig, D. Korn, M.R.W. Amler, S. Hartenfels & H. Jäger Field Trip C2: Pennsylvanian-Permian of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany / S. Voigt, T. Schindler, H. Thum & J. Fischer Field Trip C3: The Pennsylvanian-Permian of the Southern Alps (Carnic Alps/Karavanke Mts.), Austria/ Italy/Slovenia - fauna, facies and stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate- siliciclastic shallow marine platform along the northwestern Palaeotethys margin / M. Novak, H.C. Forke & H.P. Schönlaub

Anmerkung: Contents: : 1: Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy, Ravi Kanbur and Henry Shue ; 2: Poor People on the Front Line: The Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty in 2030, Julie Rozenberg and Stephane Hallegatte ; 3: Governing the Commons to Promote Global Justice: Climate Change Mitigation and Rent Taxation, Michael Jakob, Ottmar Edenhofer, Ulrike Kornek, Dominic Lenzi, and Jan Minx. ; 4: Equity Implications of the COP21 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Adam Rose, Dan Wei, and Antonio Bento ; 5: Climate Change and Inequity: How to Think about Inequities in Different Dimensions, Nicole Hassoun and Anders Herlitz ; 6: Climate Change and Economic Self-Interest, Julie Nelson ; 7: Noncompliers' Duties, Anja Karnein ; 8: Divest-Invest: A Moral Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment, Alex Lenferna ; 9: Justice and Posterity, Simon Caney ; 10: Discounting and the Paradox of the Indefinitely Postponed Splurge, Matthew Rendall ; 11: The Controllability Precautionary Principle: Justification of a Climate Policy Goal under Uncertainty, Eugen Pissarskoi ; 12: The Social Cost of Carbon from Theory to Trump, Paul Kelleher ; 13: Long-term Climate Justice, John Nolt ; Appendix: Declaration on Climate Justice

Anmerkung: Contents: What Is Telecoupling? ; Telecoupling: A New Framework for Researching Land-Use Change in a Globalised World ; Explanations in Telecoupling Research ; Mapping Export-Oriented Crop Production ; Telecoupling and Consumption in Agri-Food Systems ; Toolbox: Flow Analysis—Social Metabolism in the Analysis of Telecoupling ; Trade and Land-Use Telecouplings ; Governance for Sustainability in Telecoupled Systems ; Toolbox: Operationalising Telecoupling with Network Analysis ; Environmental Justice in Telecoupling Research ; Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling ; Toolbox: Spatial Analysis and Modelling ; Urban Telecouplings ; Conservation Telecouplings ; Toolbox: Capturing and Understanding Telecoupling through Qualitative Research ; Discursive Telecouplings ; Beyond Integration: Exploring the Interdisciplinary Potential of Telecoupling Research ; Co-producing Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Telecoupled Land Systems

Anmerkung: Introduction -- Time and frequency metrology in the context of relativistic geodesy -- Chronometric geodesy: methods and applications -- Measuring the gravitational field in General Relativity: From deviation equations and the gravitational compass to relativistic clock gradiometry -- A Snapshot of J. L. Synge -- General Relativistic Gravity Gradiometry -- Reference-ellipsoid and normal gravity field in post-Newtonian geodesy -- Anholonomity in Pre and Relativistic Geodesy -- Epistemic relativity: An experimental approach to physics -- Use of geodesy and geophysics measurements to probe the gravitational interaction -- Operationalization of basic relativistic measurements -- Can spacetime curvature be used in future navigation systems? -- World-line perturbation theory -- On the applicability of the geodesic deviation equation in General Relativity -- Measurement of frame dragging with geodetic satellites based on gravity field models from CHAMP, GRACE and beyond -- Tests of General Relativity with the LARES Satellites

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction ; 1. Climate Change: What's the Big Deal? ; 2. Business as Usual: What Are the Costs? ; 3. Why Do Economists Like a Carbon Tax? ; 4. Isn't There a Better Way? (No, There Isn't) ; 5. Cap and Trade: The Other Way to Price Pollution ; 6. What To Do With $200 Billion: Give It Back ; 7. So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It? ; 8. Objections to a Carbon Tax ; 9. Enacting a Carbon Tax: How Do We Get There? ; Afterword - What Next?

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction Robert N. Stavins ---- PART I OVERVIEW AND PRINCIPLES ---- 1. Don Fullerton and Robert Stavins (1998), ‘How economists see the environment’, Nature, 395, October, 433–4 ---- 2. R. H. Coase (1960), ‘The problem of social cost’, Journal of Law and Economics, 3, October, 1–44 ---- PART II THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ---- 3. Antoine Dechezleprêtre and Misato Sato (2017), ‘The impacts of environmental regulations on competitiveness’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 11 (2), July, 183–206 ---- 4. Trudy Ann Cameron (2010), ‘Euthanizing the value of a statistical life’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4 (2), July, 161–78 ---- 5. Richard T. Carson (2012), ‘Contingent valuation: a practical alternative when prices aren’t available’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (4), Fall, 27–42 ---- 6. Catherine L. Kling, Daniel J. Phaneuf and Jinhua Zhao (2012), ‘From Exxon to BP: has some number become better than no number?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (4), Fall, 3–26 ---- 7. Jerry Hausman (2012), ‘Contingent valuation: from dubious to hopeless’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (4), Fall, 43–56 ---- PART III THE GOALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND BENEFIT–COST ANALYSIS ---- 8. Kenneth J. Arrow, Maureen L. Cropper, George C. Eads, Robert W. Hahn, Lester B. Lave, Roger G. Noll, Paul R. Portney, Milton Russell, Richard Schmalensee, V. Kerry Smith and Robert N. Stavins (1996), ‘Is there a role for benefit-cost analysis in environmental, health, and safety regulation?’ Science, 272 (5259), April, 221–2 ---- 9. Lawrence H. Goulder and Robert N. Stavins (2002), ‘An eye on the future’, Nature, 419, October, 673–4 ---- 10. K. Arrow, M. Cropper, C. Gollier, B. Groom, G. Heal, R. Newell, W. Nordhaus, R. Pindyck, W. Pizer, P. Portney, T. Sterner, R. S. J. Tol and M. Weitzman (2013), ‘Determining benefits and costs for future generations’, Science, 341 (6144), July, 349–50 ---- 11. Ted Gayer and W. Kip Viscusi (2016), ‘Resisting abuses of benefit–cost analysis’, National Affairs, 35, Spring, 59–71 ---- PART IV THE MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: COST EFFECTIVENESS AND MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS ---- 12. Richard Schmalensee and Robert N. Stavins (2017), ‘Lessons learned from three decades of experience with cap and trade’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 11 (1), Winter, 59–79 ---- 13. Richard Schmalensee and Robert N. Stavins (2013), ‘The SO2 allowance trading system: the ironic history of a grand policy experiment’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 103–22 ---- 14. Karen Fisher-Vanden and Sheila Olmstead (2013), ‘Moving pollution trading from air to water: potential, problems, and prognosis’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 147–72 ---- PART V ECONOMICS OF NATURAL RESOURCES ---- 15. Robert M. Solow (1974), ‘The economics of resources or the resources of economics’, American Economic Review, 64 (2), May, 1–14 ---- 16. Thomas Covert, Michael Greenstone and Christopher R. Knittel (2016), ‘Will we ever stop using fossil fuels?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30 (1), Winter, 117–38 ---- 17. Sheila M. Olmstead (2010), ‘The economics of managing scarce water resources’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4 (2), Summer, 179–98 ---- 18. Severin Borenstein (2012), ‘The private and public economics of renewable electricity generation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (1), Winter, 67–92 ---- PART VI GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ---- 19. Joseph E. Aldy, Alan J. Krupnick, Richard G. Newell, Ian W. H. Parry and William A. Pizer (2010), ‘Designing climate mitigation policy’, Journal of Economic Literature, 48 (4), December, 903–34 ---- 20. William Nordhaus (2007), ‘Critical assumptions in the Stern Review on climate change’, Science, 317 (5835), July, 201–2 ---- 21. Nicholas Stern and Chris Taylor (2007), ‘Climate change: risk, ethics, and the Stern Review’, Science, 317 (5835), July, 203–4 ---- 22. Richard G. Newell, William A. Pizer and Daniel Raimi (2013), ‘Carbon markets 15 years after Kyoto: lessons learned, new challenges’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 123–46 ---- 23. Daniel M. Bodansky, Seth A. Hoedl, Gilbert E. Metcalf and Robert N. Stavins (2016), ‘Facilitating linkage of climate policies through the Paris outcome’, Climate Policy, 16 (8), 956–72 ---- 24. Richard S. J. Tol (2018), ‘The economic impacts of climate change’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 12 (1), Winter, 4–25 ---- PART VII SUSTAINABILITY, THE COMMONS, AND GLOBALIZATION ---- 25. Robert M. Solow (1992), ‘Sustainability: an economist’s perspective’,National Geographic: Research and Exploration, 8, 10–21 ---- 26. Elinor Ostrom (2009), ‘A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems’, Science, 325 (5939), July, 419–22 ---- 27. Robert N. Stavins (2011), ‘The problem of the commons: still unsettled after 100 years’, American Economic Review, 101 (1), February, 81–108 ---- 28. Forest L. Reinhardt, Robert N. Stavins and Richard H. K. Vietor (2008), ‘Corporate social responsibility through an economic lens’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2 (2), Summer, 219–39 ---- 29. Michael Greenstone and B. Kelsey Jack (2018), ‘Environmental economics in developing countries: an emerging field’ ---- PART VIII BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT ---- 30. Jason F. Shogren and Laura O. Taylor (2008), ‘On behavioral-environmental economics’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2 (1), Winter, 26–44 ---- 31. Cass R. Sunstein and Lucia A. Reisch (2014), ‘Automatically green: behavioural economics and environmental protection’, Harvard Environmental Law Review, 38 (1), 127–58 ---- 32. Todd D. Gerarden, Richard G. Newell and Robert N. Stavins (2017), ‘Assessing the energy-efficiency gap’, Journal of Economic Literature, 55 (4), December, 1486–525 ---- PART IX ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY MAKING ---- 33. A. Myrick Freeman III (2002), ‘Environmental policy since Earth Day I: what have we gained?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16 (1), Winter, 125–46 ---- 34. Robert W. Hahn (2000), ‘The impact of economics on environmental policy’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 39 (3),May, 375–99

Anmerkung: Contents Preface Introduction Helgoland - Treasure trove of species Sylt - Changing tidal flats in a world heritage site Polar Regions - key areas for climate processes Plankton à la carte Plankton and the "extra portion" Forwards, but backwards into the past North Sea in the fast lane of change Vibrios like it hot Detective work in the microcosm Melting glaciers and turbid waters Thawing permafrost comes alive Arctic coasts in retreat A stroll through the underwater forest Mathematical evaluation of the tidal flat menu Let's dive in! Research scientists pay a visit Marine research goes on TV Meeting public needs: Advice and support

Anmerkung: Part I. Physical Properties of Unconventional Reservoirs: 1. Introduction; 2. Composition, fabric, elastic properties and anisotropy; 3. Strength and ductility; 4. Frictional properties; 5. Pore networks and pore fluids; 6. Flow and sorption; 7. Stress, pore pressure, fractures and faults; Part II. Stimulating Production from Unconventional Rservoirs: 8. Horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing; 9. Reservoir seismology; 10. Induced shear slip during hydraulic fracturing; 11. Geomechanics and stimulation optimization; 12. Production and depletion; Part III. Environmental Impacts and Induced Seismicity: 13. Environmental impacts and induced seismicity; 14. Managing the risk of injection-induced seismicity; References; Index.

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction -- Answer -- Creating a technology -- Scientific origins -- US technology push -- Building a market -- Japanese niche markets -- German demand pull -- Making it cheap -- Chinese entrepreneurs -- Local learning -- Doing it again -- Solar as a model to follow -- Applying the model -- Accelerating innovation.

Anmerkung: Contents: Part I: Departure ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Terminology and Literature Review: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration ; 3. Theoretical Framework ; 4. Research Design: Grounded Theory Driven Multi-Level System Analysis Based on Two Cases ; 5. Methods ; Part II: Unsettling Settlements ; 6. Case Study 1: Southwestern Bangladesh - Migration as Adaptation to Rapid Onset Disasters ; 7. Case Study 2: Migration in the Marshall Islands as a Response to Sea Level Rise and related Crop Failure ; Part III: Settling Unsettlements ; 8. Conclusions: Risk Exchange through Migration ; 9 Recommendations for Adressing Climate Migration ; Part IV: Arrival ; 10. Outlook: Migration as Adaptation in this Century ; 11. Epilogue: Tales of Hope ; 12. "It takes a village to raise a child" (Acknowledgements) ; 13. Bibliography ; 14. Annex

Anmerkung: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background 1.1.1 Permafrost - terrestrial and subsea 1.1.2 Subsea permafrost distribution 1.1.3 Relevance in the context of a changing Arctic 1.1.4 Influences on subsea permafrost 1.2 Hypotheses and objectives 1.3 Thesis organization 2 Detection of subsea permafrost degradation rates 2.1 An overview of geophysical methods and studies in subsea permafrost 2.2 Geophysical objectives 2.3 Passive seismic techniques 2.3.1 H/V passive seismics 2.3.2 Passive seismic interferometry 2.4 Instrument design & marine tests on Sylt 2.5 Arctic feasibility test site around Muostakh Island 2.6 Arctic deployment for wide area detection around Muostakh Island 3 Modelling of subsea permafrost degradation processes 3.1 An overview on subsea permafrost modelling 3.2 Salt distribution- mechanisms beyond diffusional transport 3.3 Open questions in salt transport and permafrost degradation 3.4 Modelling objectives 3.5 Study sites 3.5.1 Primary study site: Cape Mamontov Klyk 3.5.2 Secondary study sites: Buor Khaya & Muostakh Island 3.6 Developing a model for subsea permafrost 3.6.1 Thermal regime of the subsurface: governing equations of conductive heat transfer 3.6.2 Model definitions: concentration and thaw depth 3.6.3 Saline effect on the state of permafrost 3.6.4 Salt transport: governing equation & parameterizations 3.6.5 Modelling approach 3.6.6 Model testing 3. 7 Results: Influence of model parameters on subsea permafrost degradation 3.8 Discussion and implications 3.8.1 Modelled inundation parameters 3.8.2 Further factors affecting subsea permafrost degradation 3.8.3 Implications 4 From local to regional scale: Amending sparsely distributed temperature records 4.1 An overview of borehole temperature reconstruction . 4.2 On the transferability of ground to air temperatures . 4.3 Reconstruction objectives 4.4 Borehole sites and climate 4.5 Borehole temperatures 4.6 Inversion method 4.6.1 Forward model 4.6.2 Optimization 4.6.3 Sensitivity analysis 4.7 Results and discussion of the reconstruction from the permafrost boreholes 4.7.1 Recoverable period 4.7.2 Optimization 4.7.3 Surface temperature reconstructions and fit 4.7.4 Inversion method's impact on character of solution & sensitivity to temperature history parameterization 4.8 Discussion of spatial differences and implications 4.8.1 Comparison to other temperature data 4.8.2 Site differences 4.8.3 Methodological considerations 4.8.4 Implications 5 Conclusion and outlook 5.1 Outlook Appendices A Modelling tests for H/V method configuration Bibliography Acknowledgements

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface ; 1. Pragmatism and the policy sciences ; 2. The Chicago School of Pragmatism ; 3. Functions of the decision process ; 4. Functionalism and policy change ; 5. The unity of knowledge and policy ; 6. The roots of misinterpretation ; 7. Conclusions – rediscovering the policy sciences.

Anmerkung: Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung List of Figures List of Tables 1. Introduction 1.1 Scientific Background 1.1.1 Arctic Climate Change 1.1.2 Permafrost Degradation 1.1.3 The Arctic Freshwater System and its Biogeochemistry 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Study Region and Methods 1.3.1 Study Area 1.3.2 Field Sampling and Measurements 1.3.3 Geochemical Analyses 1.3.4 Data Processing 1.4 Thesis Structure 1.5 Author Contributions 2. Spatial Variability of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Solutes and Suspended Sediment in Disturbed Low Arctic Coastal Watersheds 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study Site 2.4 Methods 2.4.1 Stream Monitoring 2.4.2 Mapping of Disturbances 2.4.3 Flux Estimates and Statistics 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Catchment Disturbance 2.5.2 Runoff and Hydrochemistry 2.5.3 Lateral Transport of Stream Water 2.5.4 Hydrochemical Composition and Fluxes in Nearby Streams 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Total Runoff and Water Quality 2.6.2 Water Quality Changes from Headwaters to Downstream 2.6.3 Changes in Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Composition over Time 2.6.4 Importance of Disturbances for Hydrochemistry 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 Supplementary Material 3. Terrestrial Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (cDOM) in Arctic Catchments - Characterizing Organic Matter Composition Across the Arctic 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Study Area 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Field Methods and Hydrochemistry 3.3.2 Statistical Analyses 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Meteorological Conditions and General Hydrochemistry 3.4.2 DOC and cDOM Absorption Characteristics 3.4.3 Downstream Patterns of DOC and cDOM Along Longitudinal Transects 3.4.4 Temporal Trends ofDOC and cDOM with Changing Meteorological Conditions 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Limitations of cDOM Measurements from Terrestrial Sources 3.5.2 Catchment Processes and Biogeochemical Cycling 3.5.2.1 Regional Catchment Properties 3.5.2.2 Rainfall Events 3.5.2.3 Downstream Patterns and Impact of Permafrost Disturbance 3.5.3 Nature of cDOM-DOC Across the Terrestrial Arctic 3.6 Conclusion 3.7 Supplementary Material 4. Summer Rainfall DOC, Solute and Sediment Fluxes in a Small Arctic Coastal Catchment on Herschel Island (Yukon Territory, Canada) 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study Site 4.4 Methodology 4.4.1 Weather data 4.4.2 Hydrology 4.4.3 Suspended Sediment and Hydrochemistry 4.4.4 Flux Estimates and Statistics 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Meteorological Conditions 4.5.2 Streamflow and Electrical Conductivity 4.5.3 Transport of Suspended Sediment and Organic Matter 4.5.4 Solute Transport 4.5.5 Alluvial Fan Sampling 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Hydrological Response 4.6.2 Water Quality and Fluxes 4.6.3 Rainfall Response and Flow Pathways 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Supplementary Material 5. Synthesis 5.1 Impacts of Permafrost Degradation on Stream Biogeochemistry 5.2 Controls on DOM Quality across the Arctic 5.3 Biogeochemical Fluxes from Small Coastal Catchments to the Arctic Ocean 5.4 Challenges 5.5 Outlook Acronyms Bibliography Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Anmerkung: Vectors, tensors, and fourier transforms Stress, strain, and seismic waves Reflection and transmission of plane waves Surface waves, head waves, and normal modes Waves in heterogeneous media Data transformations Synthetic seismograms Seismic migration Plane waves in anisotropic media Plane waves in anelastic media Answers to selected exercises

Anmerkung: Visualization of the seismic ambient noise spectrum / D.E. McNamara and R.I. Boaz Beamforming and polarisation analysis / M. Gal and A.M. Reading Physics of ambient noise generation by ocean waves / F. Ardhuin, L. Gualtieri and E. Stutzmann Theoretical foundations of noise interferometry / A. Fichtner and V.C. Tsai Overview of pre- and post-processing of ambient-noise correlations / M.H. Ritzwoller and L. Feng Locating velocity changes in elastic media with coda wave interferometry / R. Snieder, A. Duran and A. Obermann Applications with surface waves extracted from ambient seismic noise / N.M. Shapiro Body wave exploration / N. Nakata and K. Nishida Noise-based monitoring / C. Sens-Schonfelder and F. Brenguier Near-surface engineering / K. Hayashi

Anmerkung: Contents:1. Exact Dynamic Programming ; 2. Approximation in Value Space ; 3. Parametric Approximation ; 4. Infinite Horizon Dynamic Programming ; 5. Infinite Horizon Reinforcement Learning ; 6. Aggregation