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  • Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
  • Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
  • English  (141)
  • Russian
  • 1
    Call number: M 93.0116
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 619 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0471014885
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 93.0152
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 622 S.
    Edition: reprinted
    ISBN: 0471813834
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 93.0114
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 399 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed., repr. with corr.
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 95.0039/1
    In: Intermetallic compounds
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxviii, 1126 S.
    ISBN: 0471942197
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: PIK M 370-92-0667 ; AWI A13-92-0307
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 217 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0471914622
    Series Statement: Research and developments in climate and climatology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Chapter 1 Climate. - 1.1 The components of climate. - 1.2 Climate modelling and climate prediction. - 1.3 Climate changes and human perception. - 1.4 Feedback mechanisms in climate. - 1.4.1 The ice-albedo feedback mechanism. - 1.4.2 The water vapour “greenhouse”. - 1.4.3 Cloud feedbacks. - 1.4.4 Combining feedback effects. - 1.5 Perturbations on the climate system. - 1.5.1 External causes of climatic change. - 1.5.2 Internal causes of climatic change. - 1.6 Range of questions for climate modelling. - Recommended reading. - Chapter 2 A history of and introduction to climate models. - 2.1 Introducing climate modelling. - 2.2 Types of climate models. - 2.2.1 Energy balance climate models. - 2.2.2 One-dimensional radiative-convective climate models. - 2.2.3 Two-dimensional climate models. - 2.2.4 General circulation climate models. - 2.3 History of climate modelling. - 2.4 Sensitivity of climate models. - 2.5 Parameterization of climatic processes. - 2.6 Simulation of the full, interacting climate system: one goal of modelling. - Chapter 3 Energy balance models. - 3.1 Balancing the planetary radiation budget. - 3.2 The structure of energy balance models. - 3.3 Parameterizing the climate system for energy balance models. - 3.4 A BASIC energy balance climate model. - 3.5 Experiments with energy balance models. - 3.5.1 Explicit modelling of the cryosphere. - 3.6 Box models — another form of energy balance model. - 3.6.1 A simple box model of the ocean-atmosphere. - 3.6.2 A coupled atmosphere, land and ocean energy balance box model. - 3.7 Energy balance models: deceptively simple models. - Recommended reading. - Chapter 4 Radiative-convective models. - 4.1 The concept of a radiative-convective climate model. - 4.2 The structure of global radiative-convective models. - 4.3 Radiation computation. - 4.3.1 Shortwave radiation. - 4.3.2 Longwave radiation. - 4.3.3 Eleat balance at the ground. - 4.4 Convective adjustment. - 4.5 Sensitivity experiments with radiative-convective models. - 4.6 Development of radiative-convective models. - 4.6.1 Cloud amount and height predicted from ‘convection’. - 4.6.2 A water vapour transport model. - 4.7 Radiation: the driver of climate. - Recommended reading. - Chapter 5 Two-dimensional models. - 5.1 Why two-dimensional models?. - 5.2 Two-dimensional statistical dynamical climate models. - 5.3 Convection, cloud cover and precipitation in two-dimensional statistical dynamical models. - 5.4 Radiation and surface characterization in two-dimensional statistical dynamical models. - 5.4.1 Radiation. - 5.4.2 Surface characterization. - 5.5 Intercomparison of a two-and a three-dimensional model. - 5.6 Other types of two-dimensional models. - 5.6.1 An upgraded energy balance model. - 5.6.2 A severely truncated spectral general circulation climate model. - 5.7 Why are some climate modellers Flatlanders?. - Recommended reading. - Chapter 6 General circulation climate models. - 6.1 The structure of general circulation climate models. - 6.2 Dynamics in general circulation climate models. - 6.2.1 Cartesian (or rectangular) grid general circulation climate models. - 6.2.2 Spectral general circulation climate models. - 6.3 Physics in general circulation climate models. - 6.3.1 Radiative transfer. - 6.3.2 Boundary layer. - 6.3.3 Surface parameterization. - 6.3.4 Convection. - 6.3.5 Large scale rainfall. - 6.4 Including ‘other’ elements in general circulation climate models. - 6.4.1 Cloud prediction. - 6.4.2 Modelling the cryosphere. - 6.5 Land surface parameterization in general circulation climate models. - 6.6 Coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation climate models. - 6.7 Future climate projects and their importance to general circulation climate models. - 6.8 Epilogue. - Recommended reading. - Appendices. - A. Glossary. - B. Climate models: examples of simple microcomputer software. - I. Daisyworld: a simple biospheric feedback climate model. - II. Modelling the climatic impact of anthropogenerated albedo change. - III. An energy balance climate model (EBM). - IV. Carbon dioxide feedback using a simple ocean model. - General Bibliography. - Index.
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 94.0201
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 471 S.
    ISBN: 0471103136
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 95.0039/2
    In: Intermetallic compounds
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxvi, 752 S.
    ISBN: 0471934542
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 94.0067
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 301 S.
    ISBN: 0471931071
    Classification:
    Sedimentology
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: 8/M 94.0456
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 355 S.
    ISBN: 0471918334
    Classification:
    B.3.1.
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: PIK N 076-01-0123
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 419 p.
    ISBN: 0471937231
    Series Statement: SCOPE 51
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: 9/M 95.0516
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiv, 526 S.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0471917397
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 96.0107
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvi, 214 S.
    ISBN: 0471953660
    Series Statement: UNESCO energy engineering series
    Classification:
    Geothermal Energy
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Call number: M 96.0164
    In: International Geological Correlation Programme IGCP
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xviii, 764 S.
    ISBN: 0471958409
    Series Statement: International Geological Correlation Programme project 158B
    Classification:
    Historical Geology
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 97.0037
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xv, 218 S.
    ISBN: 0471948691
    Classification:
    Seismology
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 95.0290
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ix, 327 S.
    ISBN: 0471920215
    Classification:
    C.1.8.
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 99.0419
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 312 S.
    ISBN: 0471969885
    Classification:
    Historical Geology
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: O 6664
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 231 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 0471909157
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 92.0598
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvii, 420 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 047192766X
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Call number: PIK B 020-18-91415
    Description / Table of Contents: enth.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 307 Seiten , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Edition: Reprinted
    ISBN: 0471953113
    Series Statement: Series in financial economics and quantitative analysis
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Introduction ; The Classical Maximum Entropy Formalism: A Review ; PURE INVERSE PROBLEMS ; Basic Maximum Entropy Principle: Formulation and Extensions ; Formulation and Solution of Pure Inverse Problems ; Generalized Pure Inverse Problems ; LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS WITH NOISE ; Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) and Cross-Entropy (GCE) Formulations ; Finite Sample Extensions of GME-GCE ; GENERAL LINEAR MODEL APPLICATIONS OF GME-GCE ; GME-GCE Solutions to Ill-conditioned Problems ; General Linear Statistical Model with a Non-scalar Identity Covariance Matrix Statistical Model Selection ; A SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC STATISTICAL RELATIONS ; Sets of Linear Statistical Models ; Simultaneous Equations Statistical Model ; LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS ; Estimation and Inference of Dynamic Linear Inverse Problems ; Linear and Non-linear Dynamic Systems with Control ; DISCRETE CHOICE-CENSORED PROBLEMS ; Recovering Information from Multinomial Response Data ; Recovering Information from Censored Response Data ; COMPUTATIONAL NOTES ; Computing GME-GCE Solutions ; Epilogue
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  • 20
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 21.94607
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXII, 437 Seiten , graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0471876453 ((hbk.)) , 0471876844 ((pbk.))
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 97.0019
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 331 S.
    ISBN: 0471961345
    Classification:
    C.1.8.
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: AWI S2-18-91482
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 942 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780470510247
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Getting Started. - 2 Essentials of the R Language. - 3 Data Input. - 4 Dataframes. - 5 Graphics. - 6 Tables. - 7 Mathematics. - 8 Classical Tests. - 9 Statistical Modelling. - 10 Regression. - 11 Analysis of Variance. - 12 Analysis of Covariance. - 13 Generalized Linear Models. - 14 Count Data. - 15 Count Data in Tables. - 16 Proportion Data. - 17 Binary Response Variables. - 18 Generalized Additive Models. - 19 Mixed-Effects Models. - 20 Non-linear Regression. - 21 Tree Models. - 22 Time Series Analysis. - 23 Multivariate Statistics. - 24 Spatial Statistics. - 25 Survival Analysis. - 26 Simulation Models. - 27 Changing the Look of Graphics. - References and Further Reading. - Index.
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  • 23
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    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 98.0415 ; M 98.0543
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 342 S.
    ISBN: 0471955175
    Series Statement: Wiley series in materials, modelling and computing
    Classification:
    Petrophysics
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 92.0664
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 276 S.
    ISBN: 0471927457
    Classification:
    Geochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 01.0423
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 322 S.
    ISBN: 0471899771
    Classification:
    Oceanology
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: G 8545
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 242 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0471103772
    Series Statement: Texts in earth sciences
    Uniform Title: Zozan undo
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 02.0553
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 141 S.
    Series Statement: Journal of international development 14, 1 : special issue
    Classification:
    E.8.
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Monograph available for loan
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 92.0565
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 284 S.
    ISBN: 0471930830
    Series Statement: Pure and applied mathematics
    Classification:
    C.1.8.
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Monograph available for loan
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: 8/M 00.0408 ; PIK N 454-00-0025
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 382 S.
    ISBN: 0471952486
    Classification:
    B.3.5.
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 01.0424
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    ISBN: 0471973491
    Classification:
    Geography and Geomorphology
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Call number: M 01.0422
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 325 S.
    ISBN: 0471985732
    Series Statement: British Geomorphological Research Group symposia series
    Classification:
    Sedimentology
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismology ; earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Earthquake rupture is a process of remarkable complexity. Over the past few decades, scientists have become aware of its high variability on all scales as well as its wide dynamic range. At the same time, a thorough understanding of the seismic source process is a key element of reliable earthquake ground motion prediction. The present book contains a comprehensive collection of contributions originating from the 2012 ECGS Workshop Earthquake Source Physics on Various Scales, held in Luxembourg. The seventeen articles in this volume cover theoretical and observational aspects of the earthquake source process, ranging from tiny, laboratory-generated M -6 events to the source complexity and radiated energy of the world’s greatest earthquakes. Among other aspects, the papers provide new insights into the relationship of earthquake recurrence time with fault frictional parameters, how the results of lab-based friction experiments relate to observational source studies, and how geometrical source complexity can be quantified. In particular, several papers are devoted to the question whether small and large earthquakes scale self-similarly or if they show differences in their dynamic source characteristics, which is one of the most hotly debated aspects of modern seismology. The volume provides an integrated view of the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the earthquake source process on all scales and will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in these phenomena.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808675
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fault zone ; earthquake processes
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent theoretical developments, acquisitions of large seismic and other data sets, detailed geological studies and novel laboratory experiments offer new opportunities for advancing the understanding of fault zone and earthquake processes. The present and a previous volume provide broad state-of-the-art perspectives on earthquakes and crustal fault zones. Subjects discussed in this volume include imaging of fault zones and the crust, microstructural analyses of fault zone rocks, long paleoseismic record, inferences on stress, stress drops and fault geometries, properties of dynamic ruptures, generation and healing of rock damage, temporal changes of attenuation, postseismic deformation and scaling of earthquake source properties. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 379 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809238
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Keywords: climate change ; gravity change ; isostasy ; tectonics ; volcanism ; deformation ; geodynamic process
    Description / Table of Contents: During the last decades, the monitoring and modelling of various geodynamic processes have gained ever increasing importance. In particular, temporal variations of the deformation and gravity fields recorded by new types of geodetic measuring techniques and reflecting isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior as well as climatologically induced changes on its surface have opened new avenues. The present volume succeeds a similar topical volume published in 2007 and reflects the most recent developments in these fields of research. Part of the papers in this book were presented at the second workshop on 'Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change' that took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during March 27-30, 2007. It was jointly organized and supported by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the Spanish Council for Scientific Research and the Cabildo Insular de Lanzarote. The workshop also served as the second meeting of the members of the IAG Working Group ICCT2 on 'Dynamic Theories of Deformation and Gravity Fields'.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034601474
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Description / Table of Contents: A Complutense International Seminar on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" was organised and held in Madrid at the Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in September 2006. Scientists from both fields, Mathematics and Earth Sciences, took part in this International Seminar, addressing scientific problems related to our planet from clearly complementary approaches, seeking to gain and learn from this dual approach and proposing a closer collaboration in the near future. This volume is the second one of a Topical Issue on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" and contains papers addressing different topics as analysis of InSAR time series, fuzzy classification for remote sensing, modelling gravitational instabilities, geodynamical evolution of the Alboran Sea, statistical warning systems for volcanic hazards, analysis of solutions for the hydrological cycle, study of the ice flow, magma intrusion in elastic layered media, river channel formation, Hartley transform filters for continuous GPS, and deformation modeling.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764399634
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371425
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371432
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  • 38
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: excavation ; oil production ; pore space ; rock damage ; well production
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. The coupling of fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks results in significant complexity of the mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. The volume results from the 5th Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, which was held in Potsdam, Germany in September 2004. Part I of the topical volume mainly contains contributions investigating the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behavior in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II contains contributions discussing fluid flow and transport in rocks as observed on the laboratory scale and in boreholes. The evolution of rock damage pertinent to the stability of underground excavations is studied and scaling relations of elastic properties and seismic events are discussed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764379933
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geochemics ; geodesy ; geophysics ; seismicity ; volcanic activity
    Description / Table of Contents: The topics included in this issue deal with many aspects of volcanic and seismic activity, two of the natural hazards of geological origin that have the greatest impact and pose the predominant risk to society. This book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. The papers address geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects caused by seismic and volcanic activity; monitoring of volcanic and seismic processes using space and terrestrial techniques; complementarity of these techniques; theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes; inverse problem; interpretation of observations; hazards; seismicity patterns and application.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370442
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismicity ; mines ; rockbursts ; seismic phenomena
    Pages: Online-Ressource (398 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764322731
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  • 41
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; hydroacoustics ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. A global hydroacoustic monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to the development of effective monitoring methods to verify compliance with the CTBT. The aim of this volume on Hydroacoustic Monitoring of the CTBT is to summarize the research being conducted in this field and to provide basic references for future research. Much of the new research emphasizes major advances in understanding the coupling of ocean acoustic waves with elastic waves in the solid Earth. Topics covered include source excitation, detection and classification of events generating hydroacoustic signals, discrimination between underwater explosions and naturally occurring events, as well as topics in coupling of acoustic to seismic wavefields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 205 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365387
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: civil engineering ; engineering seismology ; geodynamics ; mining ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Induced seismic events are of high scientific and economic significance. They are the result of human activities interacting with regional and local tectonics, changing the local crustal stress state by mining, extraction of rock masses, injection of fluids into the rock massif, and by changing the surface loading and pore pressure state near large reservoirs. Within Europe the study of induced seismic events has a long tradition and international scientific organizations have actively stimulated the co-operation in this field. During its General Assembly in September 1994, the European Seismological Society organized the symposium "Induced Seismic Events". The focus of this symposium was concentrated on induced events in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the former Soviet Union. The major contributions to the symposium, and also some Chinese, Canadian, and South African results are presented here. Case studies as well as data analyses and methodological studies are included. Seismologists and specialists working in the field of geohazard prevention will find much information in this volume that is pertinent to their work.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (227 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764354541
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; surface waves ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 243 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365516
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  • 44
    Keywords: earthquake ; volcanic processes ; early warning ; terrestrial fluids ; volcano
    Description / Table of Contents: Terrestrial fluids, earthquakes and volcanoes: The Hiroshi Wakita volume III is a special publication to honor Professor Hiroshi Wakita for his scientific contribution to science, which has been closely linked with one of the major objectives of this 2008 International Year for the Earth Planet. Reducing natural risks in active tectonic and volcanic environments by searching and detecting early warning hydrological and geochemical signatures related to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has been a major life research goal for Hiroshi Wakita. This third special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics consists of 9 original papers written by researchers from Taiwan, Italy, Turkey, Iceland, USA, Sweden, India and Spain dealing with various aspects of the role of terrestrial fluids in earthquake and volcanic processes. It also includes a list of Hiroshi Wakita’s scientific publications. This volume III will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the role of terrestrial fluids in earthquakes and volcanic activity.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 180 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764387372
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  • 45
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fault surfaces ; fault zones
    Description / Table of Contents: Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (381 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034601375
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismicity ; geodynamics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains 18 papers from 8 countries dealing with different aspects of triggered and induced seismicity. In situ observations of the phenomenon include examples of seismicity due to reservoirs, hard-rock mines, coal mines, mine collapses, brine production caverns, fluid injections, and geothermal hot-dry-rock projects. High-frequency acoustic emission studies from laboratory experiments and hard-rock mines have also been reported. Besides providing case studies of previously unavailable observations of seismicity, the present volume contains investigations of the causes and source mechanism of seismic events, determination of source parameters, seismic hazard as related to the design of support systems for underground openings and procedures for closure of brine production caverns, and the use of seismic and non-destructive techniques in assessing rock damage, measuring dynamic elastic moduli and detecting discontinuities. This collection of papers provides an excellent indication of the state of the art, recent developments and outstanding challenges facing scientists and engineers in understanding the causes and alleviating the effects of induced seismicity.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (343 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764358785
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismotectonics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764327095
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  • 48
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Earthquakes in shallow subduction zones account for the greatest part of seismic energy release in the Earth and often cause significant damage; in some cases they are accompanied by devastating tsunamis. Understanding the physics of seismogenic and tsunamigenic processes in such zones continues to be a challenging focus of ongoing research. The seismologic and geodetic work reported in this volume highlights the recent advances made toward quantifying and understandig the role of shallow plate coupling in the earthquake generation process. The relation between regional seismotectonics, features in the downgoing plate, and the slip distribution in earthquakes are examined for recent and great historical events. In addition to papers reporting new results, review articles on tsunami and tsunamigenic earthquakes and depth dependent plate interface properties are presented. These observational results, along with complementary laboratory and theoretical studies, can assist in assessing the seismic potential of a given region.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764361464
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  • 49
    Keywords: earthquake ; volcanic processes ; early warning ; terrestrial fluids ; volcano
    Description / Table of Contents: The Hiroshi Wakita Volume I is a collection of original papers regarding the role of terrestrial fluids in earthquake and volcanic processes. The importance of monitoring volcanic gases for studying volcanic eruptions is widely recognized by the scientific community. On the other hand, the usefulness of hydrologic and geochemical monitoring in earthquake studies, especially in earthquake prediction, has been controversial. This Pure and Applied Geophysics volume provides the results of some of the most recent studies on terrestrial fluids involved in both processes. The volume honors Hiroshi Wakita for his scientific contributions. Volume II will be published later in 2006. Both volumes should be useful to researchers and graduate students in the field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764375805
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  • 50
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: climate ; weather ; meteorology
    Description / Table of Contents: Weather and climate are of concern to virtually all countries worldwide. For many countries the economy depends largely on agriculture, which is significantly affected by variations in weather and climate. This volume contains many original findings on weather and climate related to atmospheric and oceanic processes through mathematical modeling, numerical simulations, and field experiments and it will be useful as a reading material in graduate level courses dealing with weather, climate, boundary layer and air quality. The scientific community at large, especially younger scientists, will find this book a useful addition to their personal and institutional libraries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764372972
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  • 51
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: excavation ; oil production ; pore space ; rock damage ; well production
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. This may result in transient or permanent changes of pore pressures and effective pressures causing rock strength to vary in space and time. Fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks are coupled, producing significant complexity of mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. For example, the depletion of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs leading to compaction may have adverse effects on well production. Solution/precipitation processes modify porosity and affect permeability of aquifers and reservoir rocks. Fracture damage from underground excavation will critically influence the long-term stability and performance of waste storage. Part I of this topical volume covers mainly the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behaviour in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II, to be published later in 2006, will include studies investigating the coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764377113
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; estimation ; identification ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents summaries of recent research results on the related subjects of source processes and explosion yield estimation, which are important elements of any treaty verification system. The term Source Processes, in the context of nuclear test monitoring, refers to a wide range of research topics. In a narrow definition, it describes the complex physical phenomena that are directly associated with a nuclear explosion, and the catastrophic deformation and transformation of the material surrounding the explosion. In a broader sense, it includes a host of topics related to the inference of explosion phenomena from seismic and other signals. A further widening of the definition includes the study and characterization of source processes of events other than nuclear, such as earthquakes and, in particular, mining explosions. This latter research is especially important relative to the question of identifying and discriminating nuclear explosions from other seismic events. Explosion Yield Estimation deals with the corresponding inverse problem of inferring explosion source characteristics through analyses of the various types of seismic signals produced by the explosion. This is a complex technical task which has been the focus of some of the most contentious treaty monitoring debates. The current compilation of eight articles on Source Processes and six articles on Explosion Yield Estimation gives a good representation of state-of-the-art research currently being conducted in the broad area of seismic source characterization in the context of nuclear test monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365523
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Keywords: DEKORP ; seismic interpretation ; seismic signal srocessing ; seismic structure
    Description / Table of Contents: DEKORP, the German continental reflection seismic program, was the major focus of deep seismic research in Germany in the 1980s and 1990s. The seismic sections provided fundamental new insight into deep geological structure of the European continent and the dynamics of continental formation. They formed the basis for worldwide comparative studies of orogenic structure. The complicated signature of the reflections from the deep crust indicated that new processing and interpretation techniques must be considered to better image the crystalline crust. Results of these efforts, including pre-stack migration, 3-D imaging, shear waves and seismic anisotropy, are presented in this special volume. In part, the articles open the perspective to new and future research. In part, they document research activity triggered by technical and interpretational questions raised by DEKORP field work and profiling results. Many of the presented methods can find immediate application in industrial seismic prospecting.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764362102
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  • 54
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fog ; clouds ; forecasting
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics utilizes new information not previously accessible for fog related research. It focuses on surface and remote sensing observations of fog, various numerical model applications using new parameterizations, fog climatology, and new statistical methods. The results presented in this special issue come from research efforts in North America and Europe, mainly from the Canadian Fog Remote Sensing And Modeling (FRAM) and European COST-722 fog/visibility related projects. Students, postgraduates, and researchers, interested in cloud physics, physical meteorology, aviation meteorology, climate, weather forecasting, and in other adjacent disciplines, can use this book as a basis for future developments in fog research. It is hoped that this book will lead to new scientific challenges in fog related research, teaching, and applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764384180
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; seismology ; seismotectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: A workshop on Induced Seismicity was organized during the 27th General Assembly of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior (IASPEI) in Wellington, New Zealand during January 10-21, 1994. This volume presents a collection of 16 papers accepted for publication which accrued from this workshop. The first three papers address mining activity related to induced seismicity. The fourth paper deals with water injection induced seismic activity, while the remaining 12 papers treat several aspects of water reservoir induced earthquakes. Globally, the Koyna dam creating Shivajisagar Lake in Maharashtra, India, continues to be the most significant site of reservoir-induced earthquakes. With the increase in the number of cases of induced seismicity, there is a growing concern among planners, engineers, geophysicists and geologists to understand the environment conducive to this phenomenon. While the changes in pore-fluid pressure have been identified as the key factor in inducing earthquakes, the phenomenon itself is still poorly understood. This reality thus makes the study of the induced seismicity very important and this volume timely.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 217 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764352370
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  • 56
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fluid mechanics ; rock mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764302535
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  • 57
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369156
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismicity
    Description / Table of Contents: The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment. Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370428
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  • 59
    Keywords: earthquake physics ; dynamic rapture ; earthquake generation ; microscopic simulation ; scaling physics ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. The book is divided into two parts: The present volume - Part I - focuses on microscopic simulation, scaling physics, dynamic rapture and wave propagation, earthquake generation, cycle and seismic pattern. Topics covered range from numerical developments, rupture and gouge studies of the particle model, Liquefied Cracks and Rayleigh Wave Physics, studies of catastrophic failure and critical sensitivity, numerical and theoretical studies of crack propagation, developments in finite difference methods for modeling faults, long time scale simulation of interacting fault systems, modeling of crustal deformation, through to mantle convection.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764379919
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  • 60
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geodynamics ; geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Geodynamics concerns the dynamics of the earth's global motion, of the earth's interior motion and its interaction with surface features, together with the mechanical processes in the deformation and rupture of geological structures. Its final object is to determine the driving mechanism of these motions. It is highly interdisciplinary. In providing the basic geological, geophysical infromation required for a comprehensive mechanical analysis, there are also many mechanical problems involved, which means the problem is coupled intricately with geophysics, rock mechanics, seismology, structural geology, etc. This is Part II of the Proceedings of an IUTAM/IASPEI Symposium on Mechanics Problems in Geodynamics held in Beijing, September 1994. It discusses different aspects of mechanics problems in geodynamics involving the earth's rotation, tectonic analyses of various parts of the world, mineral physics and flow in the mantle, seismic source studies and wave propagation and application of the DDA method in tectonic analysis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764354121
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  • 61
    Keywords: nuclear explosion monitoring ; nuclear test ban ; seismology ; acoustics
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume focuses on the most recent advances that have been achieved in relevant fields of research of nuclear test ban monitoring, including seismology, infrasound- and hydro-acoustics, as well as nuclear physics and atmospheric backtracking. This research has been presented during the special sessions on "Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring" convened during the 2007 and 2008 General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The special sessions were introduced after the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO Prepcom) had convened a scientific symposium in 2006 on "CTBT: Synergies with Science 1996-2006 and beyond" marking the tenth anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly’s adoption of the CTBT Treaty. With regard to the seismo-acoustic fields several papers provide important updates on advances made in these fields since publication of ‘Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’ (see PAGEOPH topical volumes 158-159, 2001-2002). Moreover, this topical volume expands on these publications by including radionuclide and noble gas monitoring, as well as atmospheric transport modeling. In these two areas, significant progress has been made in recent years. Two papers studying the 2006 North Korean nuclear test elucidate how progress made in the relevant fields has allowed for a good understanding on the characteristics of this underground nuclear test.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034603706
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  • 62
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: engineering ; geophysics ; mining ; monitoring technology ; seismic monitoring ; seismic tomography ; seismology ; stress re-distribution
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress re-distribution as a result of exploitation of mineral, hydrocarbon, geothermal, and water resources cannot be eliminated. The effort must be directed to a better understanding of the underlying processes for the management of the hazard and risk associated with these operations. The study of induced seismicity has continually evolved over the past couple of decades, as underlined by both the number and complexity of applied studies required to satisfy the increased economic demands, assure the safety of the workforce and equipment, and protect the environment. A considerable effort has been put into the development of passive monitoring technology, specialized products and services being available for a wide range of applications. The recording of substantial high quality seismic data has stimulated the work on theoretical and practical aspects related to these applications, involving not only seismological knowledge, but also elements of rock mechanics, and an understanding of mining, geotechnical, and petroleum engineering. Pure and Applied Geophysics has largely contributed to raising the profile of induced seismicity research and its credibility. The range of specific analyses included in the present collection of studies expresses how powerful and resourceful passive seismic monitoring has become to so many applications. Seismic data are routinely evaluated for a series of development activities specific to each application. Engineering practice is continually improved based on trials and analyses of the ground response and stress levels, confirmed through the monitoring of seismicity. We are better equipped than ever to provide management decisions based on formalized, quantitative, and thus objective assessment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034603058
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  • 63
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; crustal structure ; monitoring ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Successful monitoring of a CTBT requires that we detect and identify all nuclear explosions. Since many events of concern will be too small to be detected teleseismically, this capability requires the use of regional-distance seismograms. The complexity of regional seismograms presents many technical challenges for a monitoring program. This issue focuses on problems associated with regional wave propagation through complex media. It includes papers that investigate regional variations of elastic and anelastic properties of Eurasia, the blockage of regional phases by sedimentary basins, methods for modeling regional wave propagation and for calibrating seismic wave paths in order to extract amplitude variations and source parameters. These papers illustrate the research and development necessary for acquiring an understanding of regional wave propagation which in turn provides the foundation for operational tools used to monitor a CTBT.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365509
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  • 64
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366759
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  • 65
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; monitoring ; seismic event location
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 419 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365349
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  • 66
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: quiet daily geomagnetic field variations ; lunar variations ; ionospheric dynamo currents ; thermotidal currents
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764323387
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  • 67
    Keywords: earthquake ; volcanic processes ; early warning ; terrestrial fluids ; volcano
    Description / Table of Contents: The Hiroshi Wakita Volume II is a collection of original papers regarding the role of terrestrial fluids in earthquake and volcanic processes. The importance of monitoring volcanic gases for studying volcanic eruptions is widely recognized by the scientific community. On the other hand, the usefulness of hydrological and geochemical monitoring in earthquake studies, especially in earthquake prediction, has been controversial. This Pure and Applied Geophysics volume provides the results of recent studies on terrestrial fluids involved in both processes. The volume honors Hiroshi Wakita for his scientific contributions. It should be useful to researchers and graduate students in the field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 198 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764387198
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  • 68
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: induced seismicity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 617 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366537
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Description / Table of Contents: This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is one of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008. The volumes honor Frank Evison's interest in earthquake generation and forecasting. A biography of Frank Evison and a list of his publications is included, as well as review papers and new research papers in the field. The volume includes papers related to Frank's most abiding interest of precursory earthquake swarms. The research contributions cover a range of current forecasting methods such as the Epidemic-Type Aftershock model, the Every Earthquake a precursor According to Scale model, Pattern Informatics, Reverse Tracing of Precursors, stochastic models of elastic rebound, and methods for handling multiple precursors. The methods considered employ a variety of statistical approaches to using previous seismicity to forecast future earthquakes, including regional and global earthquake likelihood models and alarm-type forecasts. The forecast time-frames of interest range from the short time-frame associated with clustering of aftershocks to the long time-frame associated with recurrence of major earthquakes. A recurring theme is the assessment of forecasting performance, whether by likelihood scores, skill scores, error diagrams, or relative operating characteristic tests. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the earthquake preparation process and in converting that understanding into forecasts of earthquake occurrence.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034604970
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Keywords: Earthquake predition ; Ground motion prediction ; Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessments ; Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments ; Seismic risk analysis ; Seismic wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: Issues pertaining to urban risks are a pressing concern for those involved in disasters mitigation. Development of effective mitigation strategies requires sound seismic hazard information that is commonly derived through a seismic hazard assessment (SHA). The purpose of SHA is to provide a scientifically consistent estimate of seismic hazard for engineering design and other considerations. The time is ripe to move beyond the old paradigms of the traditional Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). This two-part volume advocates advanced methods for SHA that utilize up to date earthquake science and basic scientific principles to derive the seismic hazard in terms of a ground motion or related quantity and its occurrence frequency at a site, as well as the associated uncertainty. It aims to: 1) identify the issues in the current SHAs, 2) facilitate the development of a scientifically consistent approach for SHA and 3) disseminate, both in scientific and in engineering practice societies, advanced reliable tools for independent hazard estimates, like NDSHA (neo-deterministic SHA), which incorporates physically based ground motion models. It provides a fresh approach to seismic hazard analysis. Part 1 deals with the general issues of SHA methodology review and development, as well as with recent advances in earthquake science that may have relevant implications toward an improved SHA. It is addressed to seismologists, engineers and stake-holders, and aims to contribute to bridging between modern interdisciplinary research and practitioners.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034800396
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: atmosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 474 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034858250
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: The special issue contains contributions presented at the international workshop Seismic waves in laterally inhomogeneous media IV, which was held at the Castle of Trest, Czech Republic, May 22-27, 1995. The workshop, which was attended by about 100 seismologists from more than 10 countries, was devoted mainly to the current state of theoretical and computational means of study of seismic wave propagation in complex structures. The special issue can be of interest for theoretical, global and explorational seismologists. The first part contains papers dealing with the study and the use of various methods of solving forward and inverse problems in complicated structures. Among other methods, discrete-wave number method, the finite-difference method, the edge-wave supperposition method and the ray method are studied and used. Most papers contained in the second part are related to the ray method. The most important topics are two-point ray tracing, grid calculations of travel times and amplitudes and seismic wave propagation in anisotropic media.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034890496
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: ionosphere
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 377 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034865326
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fractals ; geophysics ; geology
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 314 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034863896
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: airbone and satellite technologies ; geoinformation methods ; object-based image analysis ; remote sensing or observational platforms ; spatial interpolation and modelling ; statistical and geostatistical inference
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume covers a wide range of multidisciplinary topics, the common theme of which is processing of remotely-acquired spatial data using geo information methods. Satellite or airborne technologies and geo information itself provide powerful tools for solving numerous scientific problems in the geosciences, as they utilize geophysical principles and offer geophysicists new data and methods. Accordingly, this topical volume focuses on six key topics, presenting research applications of satellite or airborne technologies in geodynamics, geomorphology, meteorology and climatology, hydrology and limnology, oceanography and cartography. These applications make use of numerous remote sensing or observational platforms, including: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), Rapid Eye, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Landsat-7, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), as well as several altimetric and gravimetric satellite missions. The remotely-sensed data are processed using various geo information techniques, e.g. spatial interpolation and modeling, object-based image analysis, statistical and geo statistical inference and visualization. The volume addresses the interests of scientists and practitioners whose work is related to processing remote sensing data using geoinformation methods. Postgraduate students of geography, geodesy, cartography and geophysics – as well as students of the broader geosciences – will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it brings together numerous satellite and airborne technologies with geospatial processing methods, presents case studies and examines most applications in the context of basic geophysical principles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (309 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808491
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: Fukushima power plant accident ; acoustic and infrasonic analysis ; analysis of radionuclear releases ; nuclear test ban monitoring ; seismic monitoring and atmospheric backtracking
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a follow-up of PAGEOPH Topical Volume 167 (2010) and again reports on the latest advances in science and technology that have been achieved to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). This progress in the development and testing of new sensor technologies and analysis methodologies in all relevant scientific disciplines improves the detection, location and characterization of CTBT-relevant events. In particular the latter poses a challenge for smaller events, where natural or manmade but CTBT-irrelevant sources can generate false positive events. Being able to effectively identify these events while maintaining a minimum risk of missing a nuclear explosion is the overall challenge. The 29 papers in this volume can be structured into 16 waveform studies, eight contributions in the field of radionuclide monitoring and related atmospheric backtracking, and five papers related to on-site inspection or overhead detection of relevant events, with many of these originally presented at a special session on “Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring” at the most recent annual General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The volume addresses the interests of scientists and practitioners whose work is related to the CTBT relevant applications and technologies in the fields of seismology, hydro-acoustics, infra-sound, meteorology and nuclear physics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 442 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808187
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; seismology
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 191 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034863636
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: This is volume I of the two-volume special issue Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves which will contain total 17 invited review papers and about 30 c- tributed papers. The scope and contents of the special issue are described in the following Introduction. This volume includes 21 contributed papers arranged in the following order: Scattering theory and modeling including the scattering attenuation and its separation from the intrinsic attenuation; numerical method and simulation; field observation including coda Q and surface wave Q measurement; inversion; laboratory attenuation measurement of rock samples.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 447 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034877220
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: multihazard simulations ; Tsunami
    Description / Table of Contents: This issue contains 16 papers, presenting work on tsunami hazards, earthquakes, and related computational infrastructure. The integration of multihazard simulations and remotely sensed observations is providing enormous benefits to earthquake and tsunami research. Earthquakes cause damage, but also generate tsunamis, which create additional damage. Remotely sensed observations coupled with geologic field measurements and simulations contribute to our understanding of earthquake processes, which is necessary for mitigating loss of life and property from these damaging events. This book focuses on assimilation of remotely sensed observations to advance multihazards simulation. This capability provides a powerful virtual laboratory to probe earthquake behavior and the earthquake cycle. Hence, it offers a new opportunity to gain understanding of the earthquake nucleation process, precursory phenomena, and space-time seismicity patterns needed for breakthrough advances in earthquake forecasting and hazard quantification.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809443
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: dynamic systems ; fractals
    Description / Table of Contents: Chaotic dynamic systems and non-linear processes, together with the resulting fractals and multifractals, are fundamental for analyzing data and understanding processes in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Many processes and phenomena, poorly recognized only a few years ago, now can be studied and understood with the help of conceptual models from the fields of fractals and dynamics systems. This represents a bold step towards understanding how planet Earth works. The twenty-one papers presented in this volume reflect the state of fundamental and applied research on fractals and dynamic systems in Geoscience, from magma dynamics to geomorphology, from seismology to space science. The volume is of interest to scientists using fractals, multifractals, non-linear dynamics and chaos theory for analyzing complex datasets, as those arising from geological and geophysical processes. Postgraduate students and students in various fields of geoscience as well as physics and applied mathematics will also find the book to be a valuable resource for a clear view of the leading-edge research on fractals and dynamic systems in Geoscience.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 302 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809351
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  • 81
    Keywords: climate ; gravity ; isostasy ; tectonics ; volcanism
    Description / Table of Contents: During the last decades, measurements of various geodynamic processes have gained ever increasing importance. Temporal variations of the deformation and gravity fields monitored by geodetic measuring techniques reflect isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior. Recordings of hydrologic or oceanographic phenomena allow conclusions on surface processes. This volume reflects the major developments during recent years in these areas of research. Most of the papers in this book were presented at the workshop on "Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change", which took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during March 1-4, 2005. It was jointly organized and supported by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the Spanish Council for Scientific Research and the Cabildo Insular de Lanzarote. The workshop also served as the first meeting of the members of the IAG Working Group ICCT2 on "Dynamic Theories of Deformation and Gravity Fields".
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764384166
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Keywords: earthquake ; lithospheric structures ; seismic motion ; volcanic sources
    Description / Table of Contents: Geophysicists use seismic signals to image structures in the Earth's interior, to understand the mechanics of earthquake and volcanic sources, and to estimate their associated hazards. Keiiti Aki developed pioneering quantitative methods for extracting useful information from various portions of observed seismograms and applied these methods to many problems in the above fields. This volume honors Aki's contributions with review papers and results from recent applications by his former students and scientific associates pertaining to topics spawned by his work. Discussed subjects include analytical and numerical techniques for calculating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves, stochastic models used in engineering seismology, earthquake and volcanic source processes, seismic tomography, properties of lithospheric structures, analysis of scattered waves, and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional geophysicists alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370114
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  • 83
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fractals ; geodynamics ; geometry ; lithosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: Concepts and methods of fractal geometry penetrate various branches of human knowledge to an increasing degree. This tendency is particularly striking in the geosciences, because many processes occurring in and on the Earth result in time dependences and spatial patterns that have a fractal character. The contributions in this volume arose from the "3rd International Symposium on Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences", held at Stara Lesna, Slovakia in June, 1997. The volume contains new ideas and applications of fractal geometry in such diverse branches of geoscience as engineering geology, the physics of the lithosphere (including faulting, seismicity, and fluid flow), and climate behavior.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764363093
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  • 84
    Keywords: geodesy ; geophysics ; seismicity
    Description / Table of Contents: This issue is addressed to researchers dealing with seismic studies as the result of an interactive process as part of macroseismic approaches and an a-priori determination of the elements if the territory is involved in the seismic risk evaluation. The significant features which distinguish the work can be identified in the use of new methods for the evaluation of the damage scenarios of historical earthquakes (the local intensity virtual distribution); the adoption of a quick procedure of 2nd level seismic microzonation, depicted on a reduced number of parameters and in situ surveys; the characterization of an innovative seismic vulnerability evaluation procedure based on the analyses of the safety reducers and social priority levels of the elements of territory. The proposed studies, carried out in Sicily and Calabria (Italy), define an operative level of approaches aimed at engineering and civil protection applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764372637
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geodesy ; geophysics ; seismology ; seismotectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Azores-Tunisia region is formed by the western part of the plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa. This plate boundary presents a complex nature due to its proximity to the pole of rotation of the African plate. This condition produces crustal extensions and normal faulting at the Azores archipelago, transcurrent motion with strike slip faulting at the center part of the Azores-Gibraltar fault and at the eastern end, from the Gulf of Cadiz to Tunisia, plate convergence with reverse faulting. In this last part, the collision of Iberia with northern Morocco produces complex phenomena with intermediate depth and deep earthquakes and an extensional regime at the Alboran sea. Recently, new evidence has been gathered in this region based on observations from geology, geodesy, mainly through GPS measurements, seismology, especially with the installation of broad-band stations, and other fields of geophysics, such as paleomagnetism and gravimetry.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370435
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  • 86
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Description / Table of Contents: A Complutense International Seminar on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" was organised and held in Madrid at the Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid September, 13th-15th, 2006. Scientists from both fields, Mathematics and Earth Sciences, took part in this International Seminar, addressing scientific problems related with our planet from clearly complementary approaches, seeking to gain and learn from this dual approach and proposing a closer collaboration in the near future. This volume is the first one of a Topical Issue on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" and contains papers addressing different topics as deformation modelling applied to natural hazards, inverse gravimetric problem to determine 3D density structure, advanced differential SAR interferometry, climate change, geomagnetic field, Earthquake statistics, meteorological studies using satellite images, climate energy balance models, study of soils properties, and multifractal data sets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 234 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764389062
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  • 87
    Keywords: data analysis ; harbor resonance ; numerical modeling ; observation ; post-tsunami survey ; sea level ; seiche ; tide gauge ; tsunami ; tsunami warning system ; waveform inversion
    Description / Table of Contents: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. While Part I focused on modelling and hazard assessment, Part II of this issue includes 14 papers covering new developments in observation and data analysis. These include new analyses of both recent and historical tsunami events, as well as state-of-the-art techniques for tsunami data analysis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034600637
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  • 88
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; data processing ; infrasound
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 10, 1996, The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Copmprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume presents certain recent research results pertaining on methods used to process data recorded by instruments of the International Monitoring System (IMS) and addressing recording infrasound signals generated by atmospheric explosions. Six papers treating data processing provide an important selection of topics expected to contribute to improving our ability to successfully monitor a CTBT. Five papers concerning infrasound include descriptions of ways in which that important research area can contribute to CTBT monitoring, the automatic processing of infrasound data, and site conditions that serve to improve the quality of infrasound data.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (283 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366766
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  • 89
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geodynamics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Variations in seismic Q are sensitive to a much greater extent than are seismic velocity variations on factors such as temperature, fluid content, and the movement of solid state defects in the earth. For that reason an understanding of Q and its variation with position in the earth and with time should provide information in earth's tectonic evolution, as well as on aspects of its internal structure. Progress in understanding Q has suffered from difficulty in obtaining reliable amplitude data at global and temporary stations. Moreover, laboratory determinations of Q, until recently, were most often made at frequencies much higher than those measured by seismologists for waves propagating through the earth. Recent advances in seismic station distribution and quality, as well as in methodology at both high and low fequencies, have greatly improved the quality of observational data available to seismologists from global stations. Concurrent advances have been made in measuring Q using laboratory samples at frequencies that pertain to the earth and in theoretical understanding of seismic wave attenuation. Papers of this volume present new information on Q in the earth from several perspectives: methodology, results from global and regional observations of both body and surface waves, laboratory measurements, and theoretical understanding. The editors believe that we have reached a new threshold in Q studies and that advances in data quality and methodology will spur increased interest in this difficult, but interesting field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764360498
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  • 90
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: mechanical properties of rocks ; natural hazards ; rock deformation and creep ; rock failure ; rock physics ; transport properties of rocks
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural hazards events such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions involve activation of coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes in rocks. The present book assembles unpublished contributions to the 7th Euro-Conference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, held in 2007 in Erice, Italy. It presents new laboratory data, theoretical and numerical rock physics models and field observations relevant to the study of natural hazards. In particular, several papers are devoted to rock failure and explore the relationship between the competing deformation micro-mechanisms. Several others investigate shear-induced anisotropy of mechanical and/or transport properties, both in large-scale geologic objects and in laboratory samples. The remaining papers treat various aspects of rock physics and their industrial applications such as geothermics and reservoir characterization.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034601214
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  • 91
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismic interpretation ; seismic structure ; seismic zoning ; seismicity ; vrancea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 279 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9783764362638
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: This special issue contains contributions presented at the international workshop Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media V, which was held at the Castle of Zahrádky, Czech Republic, June 5 - 9, 2000. The workshop, which was attended by about 60 seismologists from 16 countries, was devoted mainly to the current state of theoretical and computational means of study of seismic wave propagation in complex structures. The special issue begins with papers dealing with the study and the application of the ray methods. Problems such as coupling of quasi-shear waves or smoothing of models for effective ray computations are dealt with. Applications of the ray methods in seismic exploration are presented. Further, directional wavefield decomposition, phase space, path integral and parabolic equation methods are discussed. Attention is also devoted to attenuation and scattering problems, and to seismic inversion problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 503 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366773
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  • 93
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismicity ; geodynamics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: The perturbation of the earth by mankind causes earthquakes in a variety of situations. This phenomenon continues to be a major concern to engineers and scientists concerned with the mitigation of the consequences of this seismicity, as well as better understanding the processes at its origin. The present volume contains twelve papers from six countries, dealing with observations of triggered and induced seismicity in four continents. The reported cases include seismicity due to hard-rock mines, coal mines, underground research facilities for nuclear waste disposal, water injections, reservoirs, acquifers and oil fields. This volume provides case studies of previously unavailable observations of this phenomenon, investigations of the cause and source mechanism of seismic events, studies of source location distributions, determinations of seismic source parameters, cases of the use of such parameters in assessing rockburst hazard in mines, and measurements of velocity an attenuation properties of rock masses. The present collection of papers provides an excellent indication of the current state of the art and new developments in this area of research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764360481
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  • 94
    Keywords: lithosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: This second special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics in honor of Keiiti Aki focuses on recent advances in quantifying and interpreting heterogeneities in lithosperic structures and earthquake behavior. The volume provides a combination of reviews, methodological studies and applications on topics related to Aki's pioneering contributions. It also includes material on Keiiti Aki and a list of his publications. The discussed subjects include research associated with dynamic earthquake rupture, studies on imaging earthquake locations and structures using P and S seismic phases, and studies associated with imaging source and structure properties using scattered coda waves. The volume will be useful to students and researchers alike, who are interested in the nature of large- and small-scale heterogeneities in the earth's lithosphere and earthquake properties.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764375799
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  • 95
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: climate ; weather ; meteorology
    Description / Table of Contents: Weather and climate are of concern to virtually all countries worldwide. For many countries the economy depends largely on agriculture, which is significantly affected by variations in weather and climate. This volume contains many original findings on weather and climate related to atmospheric and oceanic processes through mathematical modeling, numerical simulations, and field experiments and it will be useful as a reading material in graduate level courses dealing with weather, climate, boundary layer and air quality. The scientific community at large, especially younger scientists, will find this book a useful addition to their personal and institutional libraries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (324 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764372965
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  • 96
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Natural Hazards
    Description / Table of Contents: The tsunami from the 1960 Chilean earthquake affected the entire Pacific Ocean and motivated the international coordination of tsunami research and warning systems around the Pacific. However, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected the entire world, and reminded that tsunamis are not a local or regional problem but a global issue. This volume contains 15 papers, mostly presented at the 24th International Tsunami Symposium held on 14-16 July 2009 in Novosibirsk, Russia. They reflect the current state of tsunami science, including studies of recent tsunamis, tsunami statistics and warning, and modeling tsunami runup and inundation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 233 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034802338
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  • 97
    Keywords: brittle damage ; dynamics of earth materials ; earthquake fault zones ; granular mechanics ; nonlinear deformation
    Description / Table of Contents: Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. Understanding how repeated brittle deformation form the structures and how the structures affect subsequent earthquakes is a rich problem involving coupling of various processes that operate over broad space and time scales. The diverse state-of-the-art papers collected here show how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; elasticity, friction and nonlinear continuum mechanics at intermediate scales; and fracture mechanics, granular mechanics and surface physics at small scales. This volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Engineering, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in the properties of natural fault zones and the processes that occur between and during earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 302 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034802536
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  • 98
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: chemical composition of dew ; fog microphysics ; fog simulations ; remote sensing ; temporal and spatial variation of fog
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical issue of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics focuses on research related to dew and various types of fog occurring around the globe which was presented on July 25-30, 2010, at the 5th International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection, and Dew in Münster, Germany. The areas of knowledge in this field include surface in-situ and remote sensing observations of fog, dew, fog collection, applications of the various fog models (such as 1D, 2D, and 3D fog and forecasting models), microphysical parameterizations, and climatology. This volume gives a very good review of the existing knowledge and highlights the remaining difficulties in predicting and measuring fog at various scales of time and space. It also represents an important step in the direction of addressing new scientific challenges in fog and dew related research, teaching, and operational applications. Students as well as researchers, who are interested either in fog, in association with cloud physics, physical meteorology, aviation meteorology, climatology, weather forecasting and nowcasting, or in other adjacent disciplines like hydrometeorology, environment, and agriculture, will benefit from consulting and reading this topical issue. This publication was significantly supported by the Canadian National Search And Rescue (SAR) Secretariat by funding the Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling (FRAM) Project led by Dr. Ismail Gultepe since 2005.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 408 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034804561
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Keywords: analysis of GPS measurements ; elliptical model for deformation ; ground and space geodesy ; ice-mass change ; time-variable gravity fields
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the third of a series highlighting this topic of major importance for recent developments in geodynamics. Temporal variation of deformation and gravity fields recorded by geodetic measuring techniques (either from ground surface or space) and reflecting isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior as well as hydrologic, oceanographic or climatic processes, have made a basic tool for research and monitoring. Part of the papers collected in this topical volume were presented at the 3rd Workshop on “Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change” which took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during February 23-26, 2009. The book addresses researchers and graduate students in the Earth sciences, who are interested in surface and crustal processes, as well as geotechnical engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034804608
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fractals ; chaos ; geophysics ; geology
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 180 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034863896
    Language: English
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