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Collection
Language
Years
Year
DDC
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  • 1
  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Call number: M 18.91571
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Series Statement: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: Z 06.0500
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: 30 cm
    ISSN: 1824-7741
    Former Title: Vorgänger Geologisch-paläontologische Mitteilungen, Innsbruck
    Language: German , English
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Call number: M 15.89146
    Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S., , Ill.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 5
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Leiden : Nijhoff ; 1.2009 -
    Call number: IASS 17.92082
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    ISSN: 1876-8814
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 6
    Call number: PIK N 453-17-91096
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 50 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Language: German
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 7
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Bände (Loseblattsammlung)
    ISBN: 9783963144509 , 3963144505
    Subsequent Title: Fortsetzung von EnEV und Energieausweise ...
    Language: German
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 8
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : Penguin Books
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    ISBN: 9780141985206
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 10
    Call number: (DE-599)GBV03709842X
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: German
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 11
    Call number: AWI G6-19-92375
    In: Berichte / Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Nr. 9
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 278 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0175-9302
    Series Statement: Berichte / Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften 9
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 12
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    München : Altop Verlag ; 2007 -
    Call number: Z 19.92410
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: 30 cm
    ISSN: 1865-4266
    Former Title: Vorg. Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften in Deutschland
    Language: German
    Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 13
    Call number: IASS 22.95033
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 378 S , 225 mm x 135 mm
    ISBN: 3899421876 , 978-3-89942-187-3
    Series Statement: Edition panta rei
    Language: German
    Note: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 14
    Call number: S 90.0066(162,1)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch / A
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 261 Seiten , Ill., 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) und 1 Tafel-Beil. ([2] S.)
    ISBN: 9783510968534
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch 162
    Classification:
    Engineering Geophysics
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 15
    Call number: 3/S 07.0034(2017)
    In: Annual report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 51 Seiten
    ISSN: 1865-6439 , 1865-6447
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Parallel Title: Annual report ... / Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434-2
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 218 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,2
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 17
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 121 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,1
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
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    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 18
    Call number: IASS 15.89494
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Edition: Stand: Oktober 2010
    ISBN: 9783768501828
    Language: German
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 19
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Call number: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wien : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 22.1910/25(1925),3; 23.1914/31(1929/31),2-3; 24.1927,1-2; 25.1939,1; 26.1948,1; 27.1971-Band 76 (2022)
    Call number: S 91.1179
    ISSN: 0375-5797 , 0378-0864
    Parallel Title: 35=2 von European Conodont Symposium (ZDB) Guidebook, abstracts / European Conodont Symposium
    Parallel Title: 41=2 von Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera (ZDB) Proceedings / Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Geologische Bundesanstalt
    Parallel Title: 39=3 von International Nannoplankton Association Proceedings of the ... International Nannoplankton Association conference
    Parallel Title: 60=11 von Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften. Fachsektion GeoTop Internationale Jahrestagung der Fachsektion GeoTop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften
    Former Title: Vorg. Geologische Reichsanstalt Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien
    Subsequent Title: Fortgesetzt durch Abhandlungen
    Language: German
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2023-03-29
    Description: Umweltschutz und Pandemie-Schutz haben als Handlungsfelder urbaner Politik scheinbar wenig miteinander zu tun. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass die Folgen der Pandemie große Potenziale für erfolgreichen urbanen Umweltschutz bergen und umgekehrt, dass dieser die Resilienz der Städte fördert.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2023-05-24
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Die Grundstoffindustrie ist ein wichtiger Pfeiler des Wohlstands in Deutschland, sie garantiert Wertschöpfung und sorgt für über 550.000 hochwertige Arbeitsplätze. Um diese für die deutsche Wirtschaft wichtigen Branchen zu erhalten, müssen jetzt die Schlüsseltechnologien für eine CO2-arme Grundstoffproduktion entwickelt und für den großtechnischen Einsatz skaliert werden. Die vorliegende Analyse ist als Ergänzung zu der Studie "Klimaneutrale Industrie: Schlüsseltechnologien und Politikoptionen für Stahl, Chemie und Zement" gedacht. Die 13 in der erwähnten Studie vorgestellten Schlüsseltechnologien werden hier für die technisch interessierten Leserinnen und Leser eingehender beschrieben und diskutiert. Diese Publikation dient als Aufschlag für eine Diskussion über Technologieoptionen und Strategien für eine klimaneutrale Industrie. Alle Daten und Annahmen in dieser Analyse wurden mit Unternehmen und Branchenverbänden intensiv besprochen. Die quantitativen Aussagen sind trotzdem als vorläufig zu betrachten, da sich viele Technologien noch in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase befinden und Abschätzungen über Kosten mit großen Unsicherheiten verbunden sind.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Die Grundstoffindustrie ist ein Pfeiler des Wohlstands in Deutschland, sie garantiert Wertschöpfung und sorgt für über 550.000 hochwertige Arbeitsplätze. Im Ausland steht Made in Germany für höchste Qualität und Innovationsdynamik. Aber: Trotz Effizienz­steigerungen sind die Emissionen der Industrie in den letzten Jahren nicht gefallen und durch die nationalen und internationalen Klimaschutzziele steigt der Druck. Die zentrale Frage lautet daher: Wie kann die Grundstoffindustrie in Deutschland bis spätestens 2050 klimaneutral werden - und gleichzeitig ihre starke Stellung im internationalen Wettbewerbs­umfeld behalten? Agora Energiewende und das Wuppertal Institut haben im Rahmen dieses Projekts in zahlreichen Workshops mit Industrie, Verbänden, Gewerkschaften, Ministerien und der Zivilgesellschaft die Zukunft für eine klimaneutrale Industrie diskutiert und einen Lösungsraum aus technologischen Optionen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen skizziert. In den Workshops wurde deutlich: Die Industrie steht in den Startlöchern, die Herausforderung Klimaschutz offensiv anzugehen. Die fehlenden Rahmenbedingungen und der bisher unzureichende Gestaltungswille der Politik, innovative Instrumente umzusetzen, hindern sie jedoch voranzugehen. Es ist höchste Zeit, dass sich das ändert. Denn jede neue Industrieanlage muss klimasicher sein - schließlich hat sie eine Laufzeit bis weit über das Jahr 2050 hinaus. Diese Publikation soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, richtungssicher investieren zu können.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Since 1991, induced earthquakes have been observed and linked to gas production in the Groningen field. Recorded waveforms are complex, resulting partly from a Zechstein salt layer overlying the reservoir and partly from free‐surface reverberations, internal multiples, interface conversions, guided waves, and waves diving below the reservoir. Therefore, picking of polarities or amplitudes for use in moment tensor inversion is problematic, whereas phase identification may be circumvented employing full waveform techniques. Although moment tensors have become a basic tool to analyze earthquake sources, their uncertainties are rarely reported. We introduce a method for probabilistic moment tensor estimation and demonstrate its use on the basis of a single event within the Groningen field, concentrating on detailed tests of input data and inversion parameters to derive rules of good practice for moment tensor estimation of events recorded in the Groningen field. In addition to the moment tensor, event locations are provided. Hypocenters estimated simultaneously with moment tensors are often less sensitive to uncertainties in crustal structure, which is pertinent for the application to the Groningen field, because the task of relating earthquakes to specific faults hitherto suffers from a limited resolution of earthquake locations. Because of the probabilistic approach, parameter trade‐offs, uncertainties, and ambiguities are mapped. In addition, the implemented bootstrap method implicitly accounts for modeling errors affecting every station and phase differently. A local 1D velocity model extracted from a full 3D velocity model yields more consistent results than other models applied previously. For all velocity models and combinations of input data tested, a shift in location of 1 km to the south is observed for the test event compared to the public catalog. A full moment tensor computed employing the local 1D velocity model features negative isotropic components and may be interpreted as normal fault and collapse at reservoir level.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2023-01-24
    Description: The Mushgai-Khudag alkaline‑carbonatite complex, located in southern Mongolia within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), comprises a broad range of volcanic and subvolcanic alkaline silicate rocks (melanephelinite-trachyte and shonkinite-alkaline syenite, respectively). Magnetite-apatite rocks, carbonatites, and fluorite mineralization are also manifested in this area. The complex formed between 145 and 133 Ma and is contemporaneous with late Mesozoic alkaline–carbonatite magmatism within the CAOB. Major and trace element characteristics of silicate rocks in the Mushgai-Khudag complex imply that these rocks were formed by the fractional crystallization of alkaline ultramafic parental magma. Magnetite-apatite rocks may be a product of silicate-Ca-Fe-P liquid immiscibility that took place during the alkaline syenite crystallization stage. The Mushgai-Khudag rocks have variable and moderately radiogenic Sr(87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70532–0.70614), Nd(t) = −1.23 to 1.25) isotopic compositions. LILE/HFSE values and Sr-Nd isotope compositions indicate that the parental melts of Mushgai-Khudag were derived from a lithospheric mantle source that was affected by a metasomatic agent in the form a mixture of subducted oceanic crust and its sedimentary components. The 18OSMOW and 18CPDB values for calcites in carbonatites range from 16.8‰ to 19.2‰ and from −3.9‰ to 2.0‰, respectively. C-O covariations in calcites of the Mushgai-Khudag carbonatites can be explained by the slight host limestone assimilation.
    Language: English
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Publication Date: 2023-01-28
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) was formed in the Mid-Cenozoic, about 18 Myr ago, as a result of the breakaway of the Arabian plate from the African plate. Higher resolution information about the sub-Moho structure is still sparse in this region. Here we study seismic discontinuities in the mantle lithosphere in the region of the DST using a modified version of the P- and S-receiver function method. We use open data from permanent and temporary seismic stations. The results are displayed in a number of depth profiles through the study area. The Moho is observed on both sides of the transform at nearly 40 km depth by S-to-p and in P-to-s converted signals. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) on the eastern side of the DST is observed near 180–200 km depth, which is according to our knowledge the first LAB observation at that depth in this region. This observation could lead to the conclusion that the thickness of the Arabian lithosphere east of the DST is likely cratonic. In addition, we observe in the entire area a negative velocity gradient (NVG) at 60–80 km depth, which was previously interpreted as LAB.
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    IUGG Secretariat, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: These short, informal newsletters, issued every month on approximately the first day of the month, are intended to keep IUGG Member National Committees informed about the activities of the IUGG Associations and actions of the IUGG Secretariat. Special issues are sometimes distributed mid-month as deemed appropriate. The content usually includes a synopsis of scientific meetings during the following three months in order to illustrate the disciplinary and geographical diversity of IUGG interests. E-Journals may be forwarded to those who will benefit from the information.
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2023-02-03
    Description: A seismic network was installed in Helsinki, Finland to monitor the response to an ∼6‐kilometer‐deep geothermal stimulation experiment in 2018. We present initial results of multiple induced earthquake seismogram and ambient wavefield analyses. The used data are from parts of the borehole network deployed by the operating St1 Deep Heat Company, from surface broadband sensors and 100 geophones installed by the Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki, and from Finnish National Seismic Network stations. Records collected in the urban environment contain many signals associated with anthropogenic activity. This results in time‐ and frequency‐dependent variations of the signal‐to‐noise ratio of earthquake records from a 260‐meter‐deep borehole sensor compared to the combined signals of 24 collocated surface array sensors. Manual relocations of ∼500 events indicate three distinct zones of induced earthquake activity that are consistent with the three clusters of seismicity identified by the company. The fault‐plane solutions of 14 selected ML 0.6–1.8 events indicate a dominant reverse‐faulting style, and the associated SH radiation patterns appear to control the first‐order features of the macroseismic report distribution. Beamforming of earthquake data from six arrays suggests heterogeneous medium properties, in particular between the injection site and two arrays to the west and southwest. Ambient‐noise cross‐correlation functions reconstruct regional surface‐wave propagation and path‐dependent body‐wave propagation. A 1D inversion of the weakly dispersive surface waves reveals average shear‐wave velocities around 3.3km/s below 20 m depth. Consistent features observed in relative velocity change time series and in temporal variations of a proxy for wavefield partitioning likely reflect the medium response to the stimulation. The resolution properties of the obtained data can inform future monitoring strategies and network designs around natural laboratories.
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2023-03-01
    Description: In recent years, urban and rural flash floods in Europe and abroad have gained considerable attention because of their sudden occurrence, severe material damages and even danger to life of inhabitants. This contribution addresses questions about possibly changing environmental conditions which might have altered the occurrence frequencies of such events and their consequences. We analyze the following major fields of environmental changes. Altered high intensity rain storm conditions, as a consequence of regional warming; Possibly altered runoff generation conditions in response to high intensity rainfall events; Possibly altered runoff concentration conditions in response to the usage and management of the landscape, such as agricultural, forest practices or rural roads; Effects of engineering measures in the catchment, such as retention basins, check dams, culverts, or river and geomorphological engineering measures. We take the flash-flood in Braunsbach, SW-Germany, as an example, where a particularly concise flash flood event occurred at the end of May 2016. This extreme cascading natural event led to immense damage in this particular village. The event is retrospectively analyzed with regard to meteorology, hydrology, geomorphology and damage to obtain a quantitative assessment of the processes and their development. The results show that it was a very rare rainfall event with extreme intensities, which in combination with catchment properties and altered environmental conditions led to extreme runoff, extreme debris flow and immense damages. Due to the complex and interacting processes, no single flood cause can be identified, since only the interplay of those led to such an event. We have shown that environmental changes are important, but—at least for this case study—even natural weather and hydrologic conditions would still have resulted in an extreme flash flood event.
    Language: English
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IUGG Secretariat, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  IUGG Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2023-03-01
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Diffusive transport and sorption processes of uranium in the Swiss Opalinus Clay were investigated as a function of partial pressure of carbon dioxide , varying mineralogy in the facies and associated changes in porewater composition. Simulations were conducted in one-dimensional diffusion models on the 100 m-scale for a time of one million years using a bottom-up approach based on mechanistic surface complexation models as well as cation exchange to quantify sorption. Speciation calculations have shown, uranium is mainly present as U(VI) and must therefore be considered as mobile for in-situ conditions. Uranium migrated up to 26 m in both, the sandy and the carbonate-rich facies, whereas in the shaly facies 16 m was the maximum. The main species was the anionic complex . Hence, anion exclusion was taken into account and further reduced the migration distances by 30 %. The concentrations of calcium and carbonates reflected by the set determine speciation and activity of uranium and consequently the sorption behaviour. Our simulation results allow for the first time to prioritize on the far-field scale the governing parameters for diffusion and sorption of uranium and hence outline the sensitivity of the system. Sorption processes are controlled in descending priority by the carbonate and calcium concentrations, pH, pe and the clay mineral content. Therefore, the variation in porewater composition resulting from the heterogeneity of the facies in the Opalinus Clay formation needs to be considered in the assessment of uranium migration in the far field of a potential repository.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: The Arctic region is especially impacted by global warming as temperatures in high latitude regions have increased and are predicted to further rise at levels above the global average. This is crucial to Arctic soils and the shallow shelves of the Arctic Ocean as they are underlain by permafrost. Perennially frozen ground is a habitat for a large number and great diversity of viable microorganisms, which can remain active even under freezing conditions. Warming and thawing of permafrost makes trapped soil organic carbon more accessible to microorganisms. They can transform it to the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. On the other hand, it is assumed that thawing of the frozen ground stimulates microbial activity and carbon turnover. This can lead to a positive feedback loop of warming and greenhouse gas release. Submarine permafrost covers most areas of the Siberian Arctic Shelf and contains a large though unquantified carbon pool. However, submarine permafrost is not only affected by changes in the thermal regime but by drastic changes in the geochemical composition as it formed under terrestrial conditions and was inundated by Holocene sea level rise and coastal erosion. Seawater infiltration into permafrost sediments resulted in an increase of the pore water salinity and, thus, in thawing of permafrost in the upper sediment layers even at subzero temperatures. The permafrost below, which was not affected by seawater, remained ice-bonded, but warmed through seawater heat fluxes. The objective of this thesis was to study microbial communities in submarine permafrost with a focus on their response to seawater influence and long-term warming using a combined approach of molecular biological and physicochemical analyses. The microbial abundance, community composition and structure as well as the diversity were investigated in drill cores from two locations in the Laptev Sea, which were subjected to submarine conditions for centuries to millennia. The microbial abundance was measured through total cell counts and copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene and of functional genes. The latter comprised genes which are indicative for methane production (mcrA) and sulfate reduction (dsrB). The microbial community was characterized by high-throughput-sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Physicochemical analyses included the determination of the pore water geochemical and stable isotopic composition, which were used to describe the degree of seawater influence. One major outcome of the thesis is that the submarine permafrost stratified into different so-called pore water units centuries as well as millennia after inundation: (i) sediments that were mixed with seafloor sediments, (ii) sediments that were infiltrated with seawater, and (iii) sediments that were unaffected by seawater. This stratification was reflected in the submarine permafrost microbial community composition only millennia after inundation but not on time-scales of centuries. Changes in the community composition as well as abundance were used as a measure for microbial activity and the microbial response to changing thermal and geochemical conditions. The results were discussed in the context of permafrost temperature, pore water composition, paleo-climatic proxies and sediment age. The combination of permafrost warming and increasing salinity as well as permafrost warming alone resulted in a disturbance of the microbial communities at least on time-scales of centuries. This was expressed by a loss of microbial abundance and bacterial diversity. At the same time, the bacterial community of seawater unaffected but warmed permafrost was mainly determined by environmental and climatic conditions at the time of sediment deposition. A stimulating effect of warming was observed only in seawater unaffected permafrost after millennia-scale inundation, visible through increased microbial abundance and reduced amounts of substrate. Despite submarine exposure for centuries to millennia, the community of bacteria in submarine permafrost still generally resembled the community of terrestrial permafrost. It was dominated by phyla like Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria, which can be active under freezing conditions. Moreover, the archaeal communities of both study sites were found to harbor high abundances of marine and terrestrial anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea (ANME). Results also suggested ANME populations to be active under in situ conditions at subzero temperatures. Modeling showed that potential anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) could mitigate the release of almost all stored or microbially produced methane from thawing submarine permafrost. Based on the findings presented in this thesis, permafrost warming and thawing under submarine conditions as well as permafrost warming without thaw are supposed to have marginal effects on the microbial abundance and community composition, and therefore likely also on carbon mobilization and the formation of methane. Thawing under submarine conditions even stimulates AOM and thus mitigates the release of methane.
    Description: Die globale Erwärmung beeinträchtigt die Arktische Region besonders stark. Im Vergleich zum globalen Mittel sind die Temperaturen in den hohen Breitengraden am stärksten gestiegen und werden voraussichtlich auch weiterhin am stärksten ansteigen. Das ist äußerst kritisch, da arktische Böden und die flachen Schelfgebiete des Arktischen Ozeans von Permafrost geprägt sind. Dieser mehrjährig gefrorene Boden ist ein Habitat für eine große Anzahl und Diversität von Mikroorganismen, die lebensfähig sind und auch unter gefrorenen Bedingungen aktiv sein können. Einerseits machen eine Erwärmung und das Tauen des Permafrosts gespeicherten organischen Kohlenstoff zugänglicher für die Mikroorganismen. Diese können den Kohlenstoff in die Treibhausgase Kohlenstoffdioxid, Methan und Distickstoffoxid umwandeln. Andererseits stimuliert das Tauen des gefrorenen Bodens die mikrobielle Aktivität und den Kohlenstoffumsatz. Das kann zu einem sich verstärkenden Rückkopplungsprozess aus Erwärmung und Freisetzung von Treibhausgasen führen. Submariner Permafrost umfasst den größten Teil des Ostsibirischen Arktisschelfs und enthält ein großes, wenn auch nicht quantifiziertes Kohlenstoffreservoir. Der submarine Permafrost wird jedoch nicht nur durch Veränderungen des Wärmehaushalts beeinflusst, sondern auch durch drastische Veränderungen in der geochemischen Zusammensetzung. Durch den holozänen Meeresspiegelanstieg und durch Küstenerosion wurde der unter terrestrischen Bedingungen gebildete Permafrost überflutet. Ein Eindringen von Meerwasser führte in den Permafrostsedimenten zu einem Anstieg der Porenwasser-Salinität und dadurch zum Tauen des Permafrosts in den oberen Schichten, sogar bei Temperaturen unter 0 °C. Tiefer liegende Permafrostsedimente, die (noch) nicht vom Meerwasser beeinflusst wurden, blieben eis-gebunden, aber begannen sich durch den Wärmestrom des Meerwassers zu erwärmen. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, die mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften in submarinem Permafrost zu untersuchen. Der Fokus lag dabei auf der Reaktion der Gemeinschaften auf den Einfluss des Meerwassers und die Langzeiterwärmung. Die Arbeit nutzt dafür einen kombinierten Ansatz aus molekularbiologischen und physikochemischen Analysen. Die mikrobielle Abundanz, Gemeinschaftszusammensetzung und -struktur sowie die Diversität wurden in Sedimentbohrkernen zweier Standorte in der Laptew See untersucht, welche seit Jahrhunderten bis Jahrtausenden submarinen Bedingungen ausgesetzt waren. Die mikrobielle Abundanz wurde mit Hilfe von Zellzahlen und Kopienzahlen des 16S rRNA Gens sowie funktioneller Gene bestimmt, die kennzeichnend für die Methanproduktion (mcrA) und Sulfatreduktion (dsrB) sind. Die mikrobielle Gemeinschaft wurde mit Hilfe der Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung des 16S rRNA Gens charakterisiert. Physikochemische Analysen beinhalteten die Untersuchung der geochemischen Zusammensetzung der Porenwassers und der stabilen Wasserisotopen. Beide Zusammensetzungen wurden genutzt, um den Grad des Meerwassereinflusses auf die Permafrostsedimente zu beschreiben. Ein Hauptergebnis der Arbeit ist, dass sich submariner Permafrost sowohl nach Jahrhunderten als auch nach Jahrtausenden der Überflutung in verschiedene Schichten, sogenannte Porenwassereinheiten, unterteilen lässt: (i) Sedimente, die sich mit dem Meeresboden vermischt haben, (ii) Sedimente, die vom Meerwasser infiltriert wurden und (iii) Sedimente, die vom Meerwasser unbeeinflusst sind. Diese Schichtenbildung spiegelt sich erst nach jahrtausendelanger Überflutung auch in der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaftszusammensetzung wider, nicht jedoch nach Jahrhunderten. Änderungen sowohl in der Gemeinschaftszusammensetzung als auch in der Abundanz wurden als Maß für mikrobielle Aktivität und die mikrobielle Reaktion auf die sich ändernden thermischen und geochemischen Bedingungen genutzt. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Kontext von Permafrosttemperatur, Porenwasserzusammensetzung, paleoklimatischen Proxys und dem Sedimentalter diskutiert. Die Kombination aus Permafrosterwärmung und steigender Salinität, sowie die Permafrosterwärmung allein, resultierten auf Zeitskalen von Jahrhunderten in einer Störung der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft. Dies drückte sich durch einen Verlust der mikrobiellen Abundanz und der bakteriellen Diversität aus. Gleichzeitig wurde die bakterielle Gemeinschaft im vom Meerwasser unbeeinflussten, aber erwärmten Permafrost hauptsächlich durch die Umweltbedingungen und das Klima zur Zeit der Sedimentablagerung geprägt. Ein stimulierender Einfluss der Erwärmung konnte im vom Meerwasser unbeeinflussten Permafrost erst nach jahrtausendelanger Überflutung beobachtet werden. Dies wurde durch einen Anstieg in der mikrobiellen Abundanz und einer Abnahme der organischen Substrate sichtbar. Obwohl die bakteriellen Gemeinschaften des Permafrostes submarinen Bedingungen für Jahrhunderte bis Jahrtausende ausgesetzt waren, unterschieden sie sich kaum von den Gemeinschaften im terrestrischen Permafrost. Die Gemeinschaft des submarinen Permafrosts wurde von Phyla wie Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes und Proteobacteria dominiert, welche auch unter gefrorenen Bedingungen aktiv sein können. Darüber hinaus enthielten die archaellen Gemeinschaften an beiden Standorten eine hohe Anzahl von marinen und terrestrischen anaerob methan-oxidierenden Archaeen (ANME), bei denen eine Aktivität unter in situ Bedingungen bei Minusgraden angenommen wird. Eine Modellierung zeigte, dass die anaerobe Oxidation von Methan (AOM) potenziell fast die gesamte Menge des gespeicherten und mikrobiell produzierten Methans in tauendem submarinem Permafrost reduzieren könnte. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit deuten darauf hin, dass das Tauen von Permafrost unter submarinen Bedingungen sowie eine Erwärmung ohne Tauen marginale Effekte auf die Abundanz und Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften und somit wahrscheinlich auch auf die Mobilisierung von Kohlenstoff in Form von Methan hat. Das Tauen unter submarinen Bedingungen stimuliert sogar AOM und reduziert somit den Ausstoß von Methan.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2023-11-06
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) is located at the middle of a long labyrinth of galleries which originally have been established for the commercial extraction of gypsum. Exceptional temperature and humidity stability, the absence of water and human perturbations, distance from the ocean and easy access, were some of the motivations for initially choosing this site for instrumentation and Earth tide research. Instruments to measure the micro deformations produced by the tidal forces have been developed and tested in the Laboratory for more than 30 years. Ground deformations and earthquakes are or have been recorded continuously by means of spring gravimeters, vertical and horizontal pendulums, long base water tube tiltmeters, vertical and horizontal strain meters, short period and broad band seismometers. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure), as well as radon gas emissions, are also continuously monitored in various locations within the mine. In 2000, the Minister of Research of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg decided to establish a new International Reference Station for Intercomparisons of Absolute Gravimeters (ISIAG). The instrumentation to support the project includes a superconducting gravimeter OSG-CT040, an absolute gravimeter FG5X-216, and other ancillary equipment necessary to support research. In January 2002, a first superconducting gravimeter was installed. The instrument was then stopped in March 2003 due to an abnormally large instrumental drift. In December 2003, it was replaced by a brand-new gravimeter with the same name and which continuously operates since that date. Absolute gravity measurements have been performed on a regular time base to calibrate the superconducting gravimeter and to estimate its instrumental drift. Since 2003, the WULG hosted three European Comparisons and one International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters. It was the first international comparison outside the walls of the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) in Sèvres (France) where it had traditionally been organized for 30 years.
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2023-09-20
    Description: Suliniut una oktobari 2015-imi isumassarsiamit ingasattumit aallartippoq : nunat tamalaat akornanni, suliat assigiinngitsut tunngavigalugit nalinginnaanngitsumillu ilisimatusarnermi ujartuilluni suliniummut aningaasaliiffigineqarnissamut qinnuteqaasiorit nassiullugulu… akunnerit 48-t tulliuttut iluani. Tassa, iluatsippoq. Inuusuttualuit ilisimatusartut piumassusilerujussuit Canadameersut Europameersullu suleqatigiillutik eqqumiitsuliorneq ilisimatusarnerlu ataatsimoorlutik ataqatigiissippaat titartakkanillu arlalinnik nunamut qeriuaannartumut tunngasunik suliaqarlutik. Suliniummi anguniarneqarpoq Issittumi ilisimatuussutsikkut ilisimatusarnerup ingerlanneqartup saqqummiunnissaa nassuiaannissaalu, tassani pingaartinneqarpoq asimi suliaqarneq avatangiisillu allanngoriartupiloornerat. Atuartorineqarusuttut tassaapput meeqqat, inuusuit, angajoqqaat ilinniartitsisullu, nuna qeriuaannartoq pillugu ilisimatusarnerup nuannersumik tamanullu paasiuminartunngortinnissaa anguniarlugu. Tassami imaakkami : nuna qeriuaannartoq nunarsuup avannarpasissortaani 20 mio. km2-isut annertutigivoq, nunarujussuaq. Silallu kissakkiartornerani, nuna qeriuaannartoq aakkiartulerpoq illut, aqquserngit mittarfiillu qajannarsipput. Siornatigut nunap qerisimasup aakkiartupiloornerata kinguneranik naasut uumasullu uumaffii akornusersorneqartarput, erngup pitsaassusia tatsinilu uumassusillit sunnerneqartarput aamma silaannarmut CO2 gassit silaannarmik kissakkiartortitsisartut aniatinneqartarput, silap pissusiata allanngoriartorneranut annertusaataasumik. Taamaattumik nuna qeriuaannartoq aamma silap pissusiata allanngoriartorneranut qanoq qisuariarnersoq tamatta ilisimasariaqarparput. Suliniutip aallartisarnerani International Permafrost Association tapersiisuuvoq, kingornalu aningaasaliisut allat aamma ilanngupput. Tassunga killippugut, maannakkut, isumassarsisoqareerneranit ukiut marluk qaangiuttut. Maanna atuarnialikkat tassaavoq eqqumiitsuliortut ilisimatuullu isumassarsiaminnik paarlaasseqatigiittarnerisa kingunerat. Aallaqqaammut qinnuteqaqqusigatta eqqumiitsuliortunit qinnuteqaatit 49-t nunanit 16-init tigusimavavut. Nalilersuilluariarluta eqqumiitsuliortut marluk suliniummi uani sulisussatut qinerpavut : Noémie Ross Canada-meersoq, aamma Heta Nääs Finland-imeersoq Ilisimatuunit immersorneqarlutik Noémie aamma Heta alutornarluinnartunik titartaapput, taakkulu nunani qeriuaannartuni avatangiisit qisuariarnerisa ilaannik nassuiaapput, qanoq taakku inunnut uumasunullu sunniuteqarnersut, qanorlu ilisimatuut allannguutit taakku paasilluarniarlugit iliuuseqarnersut, taama inuit nutaaliaasumik naleqqussarnissaannut ikiorniarlugit. Tamassi kissaappassi mappersagannguaq atuarussiuk nuannisarumaartusi, suliniummullu tapersersuisut tamaasa qutsavigaagut.
    Description: Dette projekt startede med en vild idé i oktober 2015 : Skriv en ansøgning om finansiering af et internationalt, tværfagligt og utraditionelt videnskabeligt outreach-projekt... inden for de næste 48 timer. Og det virkede. En gruppe stærkt motiverede unge forskere fra Canada og Europa gik sammen for at kombinere kunst og videnskab og lave en række tegneserier om permafrost (frossen jord). Formålet med projektet er at præsentere og forklare videnskabelig forskning, udført på tværs af det arktiske område, med vægt på feltarbejde og det arktiske miljø i hurtig forandring. Målgruppen er børn, unge, forældre og lærere, og det overordnede mål er at gøre videnskab om permafrost sjovere og mere tilgængelig for offentligheden. For tænk engang : permafrost repræsenterer et område på mere end tyve millioner km2 på den nordlige halvkugle, et enormt område. Eftersom klimaet bliver varmere, tør permafrosten og bliver et ustabilt underlag for huse, veje og lufthavne. Denne hurtige optøning af den tidligere frosne jord, ændrer også planters og dyrs habitater, påvirker vandkvaliteten og søernes økologi samt frigiver kulstof til atmosfæren som drivhusgasser, hvilket gør klimaforandringerne endnu stærkere. Derfor vedrører permafrost og dens reaktion på klimaforandringer os alle. Projektet modtog fra starten støtte fra ”International Permafrost Association” (IPA) som en målrettet ‘Action Group’, og siden da er flere andre sponsorer kommet med i projektet. Her er vi nu to år efter denne første ide. Det, du nu skal til at læse, er resultatet af en udveksling af ideer mellem kunstnere og forskere. Vi opfordrede kunstnere til at deltage og modtog 49 ansøgninger fra kunstnere i 16 lande. Ud af alle ansøgerne valgte vi to kunstnere til projektet : Noémie Ross fra Canada og Heta Nääs fra Finland. Med input fra forskere, skabte Noémie og Heta fantastiske tegneserier, der forklarer nogle af de ændringer, der sker i miljøet i permafrostområder, hvordan de påvirker mennesker og dyreliv, og hvad forskere gør for bedre at forstå disse ændringer for at hjælpe folk med at finde innovative måder at tilpasse sig på. Vi ønsker alle masser af sjov med dette hæfte, og vi vil gerne takke alle dem, der støttede projektet.
    Description: This project started in October 2015 with a crazy idea : prepare and submit a funding application for an international, multidisciplinary and non-traditional scientific outreach project… within the next 48 hours. Well, it worked out. A group of highly motivated young researchers from Canada and Europe united to combine arts and science and produce a series of outreach comic strips about permafrost (frozen ground). The aim of the project is to present and explain scientific research conducted across the circumpolar Arctic, placing emphasis on field work and the rapidly changing northern environment. The target audience is kids, youth, parents and teachers, with the general goal of making permafrost science more fun and accessible to the public. Because guess what : permafrost represents an area of more than twenty million km2 in the Northern Hemisphere, a huge area. As the climate warms, permafrost thaws and becomes unstable for houses, roads and airports. This rapid thawing of previously frozen ground also disrupts plant and animal habitats, impacts water quality and the ecology of lakes, and releases carbon into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, making climate change even stronger. Hence permafrost and its response to climate change concerns us all. The project received initial support from the International Permafrost Association (IPA) as a targeted ‘Action Group’, and since then several other sponsors have joined the project. Here we are, now, two years after this first idea. What you are about to read is the result of an iterative process of exchanging ideas between artists and scientists. We first made an application call and received 49 applications from artists in 16 countries. Through a formal review process, we then selected two artists to work on this project: Noémie Ross from Canada, and Heta Nääs from Finland. With input from scientists, Noémie and Heta created fantastic cartoons that explain some of the changes happening to the environment in permafrost areas, how they affect people and wildlife, and what scientists are doing to better understand these changes to help people find innovative ways to adapt. We wish everyone plenty of fun reading this booklet and we would like to thank all those who supported this project.
    Language: Kalatdlisut
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: The Global Positioning System (GPS) permanent stations at the equatorial and southern sub-tropical hydrobelts of South America undergo the highest seasonality on the Earth due to hydrological loadings. Fortunately, there are products that account for such variations, although some of them have not been properly evaluated. For instance, global solutions of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are band-limited to lower frequencies; therefore, comparisons with GPS data must account for such spectral inconsistencies. It is proposed to spatially average 39 GPS sites by applying Gaussian smoothing, which allows comparisons with long-wavelength part of GRACE solutions by Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungszentrum, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Comparisons are also carried out with loadings from Noah-driven Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and GRACE mass concentration (mascon) solution by Goddard Space Flight Center. Results show that CSR best reduces the variances of the radial displacements considering both spatially filtered (70%) and unfiltered (53%) GPS data covering the period from Jan 2010 to Dec 2015. However, GLDAS-Noah underestimates the amplitudes of vertical loadings, which might be due to unmodeled inland water and groundwater storages. While acknowledging that a denser distribution of GPS stations is needed, the findings still shed light on the quality of the global hydrological loading products based on GRACE and GLDAS datasets, which might be of interest to the respective science teams.
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: Ground motion models (GMM) have been employed in several domains, from traditional seismic hazard and risk analysis to more recent shakemaps and rapid loss assessment. In this framework, eGSIM is a Python package and web application intended to help engineers and seismologist in understanding how different models compare for specific earthquake scenarios and how well they fit to observed ground motion data, producing results as visual plot or tabular data in standard, accessible and convenient formats (CSV, HDF, JSON and several image formats). Based on OpenQuake, a popular open-source Python library for seismic hazard and risk analysis, eGSIM incorporates and makes available in two user-friendly interfaces hundreds of published GMMs implemented and tested in OpenQuake: an online graphical user interface (GUI) accessible at https://egsim.gfz-potsdam.de, ideal for comparisons that can be visualized or downloaded as images, and a web application programming interface (web API), implemented along the lines of popular seismological web services (FDSN), more suited for comparisons that may be automatized in scheduled jobs, or need to be integrated into custom code and further processed in the user's own workflows. By incorporating databases in form of so-called flatfiles (ESM) and regionalizations derived from seismic hazard models (SHARE, ESHM20), eGSIM allows users to seamlessly select data for comparison and models for comparison based on regions of interest. It also features management scripts to smoothly incorporate new flatfiles or regionalizations from future research projects.Moreover, via the generation of flatfile templates based on a custom selection of GMMs, and the possibility to upload user-defined flatfiles, eGSIM facilitates the non-trivial task of compiling data for model comparison, and can be used to analyze ground motions from any data set recorded anywhere in the world, including rapid analysis of earthquake records following large events.
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-01-04
    Description: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Disaster Risk Management (DRM), and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) involve a variety of stakeholders with different backgrounds, organizational frameworks, divergent concerns, and sometimes competing agendas. This requires forums where such groups can meet in order to enhance understanding, reconcile different views, and potentially assist each other in meeting their respective goals. One means of establishing such an exchange involves serious games. During the ESPREssO (Enhancing Synergies for disaster Prevention in the European Union) project, three such games, referred to as RAMSETE (Risk Assessment Model Simulation for Emergency Training Exercise), were developed. They were based on table-top, role-playing, scenario-based exercises, and their purpose was for stakeholder information elicitation about policy issues related to DRR, DRM, and CCA. Participants in the exercises were assigned roles where they interacted and negotiated in order to deal with the presented scenarios. The scenarios were primarily concerned with selecting an optimal set of policies to deal best with the issue in question. The games, while sometimes including an operational element, were meant to examine the motivations behind the decisions made, rather than to test or to train in response protocols. The participants in general found the games to be useful for framing discussions about complex issues, while their problem-solving character was appreciated and enjoyed. Such games allow stakeholders to openly discuss and challenge ideas, policies, and processes in a manner they would not normally do in their daily activities, with other professionals who they would not necessarily be in frequent contact with.
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-01-04
    Description: The ESPREssO Project set out to propose ways to inform more coherent national and European approaches on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). A critical step in this process is the identification of existing barriers to effective collaboration, finding new areas of common ground, and ways to enhance co-operation with regards to CCA and DRR policymaking in Europe. This is particularly important considering the potential relationships between CCA and DRR activities at the regional, national, European and global levels. Serious games have emerged as a valuable tool to communicate information and catalyse discussion in many policy arenas. The games have the power to inform, mainly by exposing strengths and weaknesses of a system but not necessarily create policy choices. This paper presents the development process and rationale behind creation of RAMSETE I, a serious game developed by and for the ESPREssO Project to elicit information from its stakeholders in aiming to inform synergies between CCA and DRR sectors. The results assess its application as a device to frame discussions during an international Think Tank workshop. The serious game focused on three particular aspects of CCA and DRR policy interactions: (1) separation of administrative responsibilities and the use of different terminology, (2) the ongoing competition for funding and political will as well as (3) difficulties regarding the top-down implementation of policies. The rules and design process are presented briefly, before going in-depth into the information gleaned during its application in the workshop.
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Methane is an important greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. Natural environments and restored wetlands contribute a large proportion to the global methane budget. Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) and methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), the biogenic producers and consumers of methane, play key roles in the methane cycle in those environments. A large number of studies revealed the distribution, diversity and composition of these microorganisms in individual habitats. However, uncertainties exist in predicting the response and feedback of methane-cycling microorganisms to future climate changes and related environmental changes due to the limited spatial scales considered so far, and due to a poor recognition of the biogeography of these important microorganisms combining global and local scales. With the aim of improving our understanding about whether and how methane-cycling microbial communities will be affected by a series of dynamic environmental factors in response to climate change, this PhD thesis investigates the biogeographic patterns of methane-cycling communities, and the driving factors which define these patterns at different spatial scales. At the global scale, a meta-analysis was performed by implementing 94 globally distributed public datasets together with environmental data from various natural environments including soils, lake sediments, estuaries, marine sediments, hydrothermal sediments and mud volcanos. In combination with a global biogeographic map of methanogenic archaea from multiple natural environments, this thesis revealed that biogeographic patterns of methanogens exist. The terrestrial habitats showed higher alpha diversities than marine environments. Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta (Methanothrix) are the most frequently detected taxa in marine habitats, while Methanoregula prevails in terrestrial habitats. Estuary ecosystems, the transition zones between marine and terrestrial/limnic ecosystems, have the highest methanogenic richness but comparably low methane emission rates. At the local scale, this study compared two rewetted fens with known high methane emissions in northeastern Germany, a coastal brackish fen (Hütelmoor) and a freshwater riparian fen (Polder Zarnekow). Consistent with different geochemical conditions and land-use history, the two rewetted fens exhibit dissimilar methanogenic and, especially, methanotrophic community compositions. The methanotrophic community was generally under-represented among the prokaryotic communities and both fens show similarly low ratios of methanotrophic to methanogenic abundances. Since few studies have characterized methane-cycling microorganisms in rewetted fens, this study provides first evidence that the rapid and well re-established methanogenic community in combination with the low and incomplete re-establishment of the methanotrophic community after rewetting contributes to elevated sustained methane fluxes following rewetting. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that dispersal limitation only slightly regulates the biogeographic distribution patterns of methanogenic microorganisms in natural environments and restored wetlands. Instead, their existence, adaption and establishment are more associated with the selective pressures under different environmental conditions. Salinity, pH and temperature are identified as the most important factors in shaping microbial community structure at different spatial scales (global versus terrestrial environments). Predicted changes in climate, such as increasing temperature, changes in precipitation patterns and increasing frequency of flooding events, are likely to induce a series of environmental alterations, which will either directly or indirectly affect the driving environmental forces of methanogenic communities, leading to changes in their community composition and thus potentially also in methane emission patterns in the future.…
    Description: Methan ist ein wichtiges Treibhausgas, das zum globalen Klimawandel beiträgt. Bedeutend für das globale Methanbudget sind unter anderem natürliche und wiedervernäßte Moore. Methanogene Archaeen (Methanogene) und Methan-oxidierende Bakterien (Methanotrophe) sind die biogenen Produzenten und Konsumenten von Methan. Daher nehmen sie global, und speziell in Mooren, eine Schlüsselrolle für das Methanbudget ein. Eine Vielzahl von Studien hat die Verteilung, Vielfalt und Zusammensetzung dieser Mikroorganismen in einzelnen Lebensräumen untersucht. Es bestehen jedoch Unsicherheiten in der Vorhersage, wie sie auf den globalen Wandel und auf die damit verbundenen Umweltveränderungen reagieren werden. Diese Unsicherheiten basieren unter anderem auf bislang fehlenden biogeographischen Untersuchungen, die globale und lokale Skalen kombinieren, und auf einem unzureichenden Verständnis dazu, ob und welche Umweltfaktoren speziell methanogene Gemeinschaften beeinflussen. Zudem gibt es trotz der Bedeutung von Projekten zur Moorwiedervernässung für das regionale und globale Treibhausgasbudget nahezu keine Untersuchungen zur Zusammensetzung und Verbreitung von methanogenen und methanotrophen Gemeinschaften in degradierten wiedervernäßten, eutrophen Niedermooren. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, unser Verständnis zur Reaktion der am Methanbudget beteiligten mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften auf den globalen Wandel und auf die damit einhergehenden Umweltänderungen zu verbessern. Die Arbeit untersucht daher zum einen die biogeographischen Muster methanogener Gemeinschaften und die ihnen zugrunde liegenden Umweltfaktoren auf verschiedenen räumlichen Skalen. Auf globaler Ebene wurde eine Meta-Analyse durchgeführt, die auf 94 global verteilten, öffentlichen Sequenzdatensätzen sowie den dazugehörigen Umweltdaten aus verschiedenen natürlichen Ökosystemen basiert. Hierzu gehören Böden, Seesedimente, Ästuare, marine Sedimente, hydrothermale Sedimente und Schlammvulkane. In Kombination mit einer globalen biogeographischen Karte zur Verbreitung methanogener Archaeen konnte diese Arbeit zeigen, dass biogeographische Muster von Methanogenen existieren. Terrestrische Ökosysteme zeigen zudem eine höhere Diversität als marine Ökosysteme. Ästuare, Übergangszonen zwischen marinen und terrestrischen/ limnischen Ökosystemen, weisen die größte methanogene Diversität bei jedoch vergleichsweise geringen Methanemissionen auf. Methanoculleus und Methanosaeta (Methanothrix) sind die am häufigsten nachgewiesenen Taxa in marinen Lebensräumen, während Methanoregula in terrestrischen Ökosystemen dominiert. Auf lokaler Ebene wurden in dieser Arbeit zwei wiedervernässte, eutrophe Niedermoore im Nordosten Deutschlands verglichen, das von der Ostsee beeinflusste „Hütelmoor“ und das Durchströmungsmoor „Polder Zarnekow“. Beide Moore sind durch hohe Methanemissionen infolge der Wiedervernässung charakterisiert. Einhergehend mit unterschiedlichen geochemischen Bedingungen und unterschiedlicher Nutzungshistorie weisen diese beiden wiedervernässten Standorte in ihrer Zusammensetzung unterschiedliche methanogene und methanotrophe Gemeinschaften auf lokaler Ebene auf. Zudem ist die Gruppe der Methanotrophen innerhalb der prokaryotischen Gemeinschaften jeweils unterrepräsentiert und beide Moore zeigen ein vergleichbar niedriges Verhältnis von Methanotrophen im Vergleich zu Methanogenen. Diese Arbeit liefert erste Hinweise darauf, dass die schnelle und erfolgreiche Wiederbesiedlung durch Methanogene in Kombination mit einer offenbar schlecht etablierten methanotrophen Gemeinschaft zu den erhöhten Methanflüssen in beiden Mooren nach Wiedervernässung beiträgt. Abschließend zeigt diese Arbeit, dass eine eingeschränkte Migration („dispersal limitation“) die biogeographischen Verteilungsmuster von Methanogenen in natürlichen Ökosystemen kaum beeinflusst. Stattdessen werden Vorkommen und Anpassung von methanogenen Gemeinschaften vor allem durch den selektiven Druck verschiedener Umweltbedingungen reguliert. Die Umweltparameter Salzgehalt, pH-Wert und Temperatur wurden dabei als wichtigste Faktoren identifiziert, die die Verbreitung methanogener Gemeinschaften global bzw. speziell in terrestrischen Standorten beeinflussen. Es ist daher wahrscheinlich, dass prognostizierte Klimaveränderungen wie steigende Temperatur, Änderungen der Niederschlagsmuster und zunehmende Häufigkeit von Überschwemmungsereignissen zu Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung methanogener Gemeinschaften führen, die möglicherweise auch die Methanemissionsmuster beeinflussen werden.…
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Description: The Carpentaria province (McArthur basin and Mount Isa inlier) in northern Australia is one of the most important districts for clastic-dominated (CD-type) massive sulfide deposits. The George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, located in this province, is hosted by the carbonaceous Urquhart Shale Formation (ca. 1654 Ma) in a region that has an active history of metamorphism and tectonism. In this study, paragenetically constrained pyrite in samples from the George Fisher deposit and unmineralized Urquhart Shale have been analyzed in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of sulfur isotopes (δ34S values). Samples were taken from four drill cores through the main orebodies at George Fisher and one drill core through correlative, unmineralized Urquhart Shale (Shovel Flats area). Five generations of pyrite were identified at George Fisher and record a protracted history of sulfate reduction under diagenetic and subsequent hydrothermal conditions: (1) fine-grained, subhedral-spheroidal pyrite (Py-0), (2) coarse-grained, anhedral pyrite (Py-1) associated with ore-stage 1 sphalerite and galena, (3) coarse-grained, euhedral pyrite (Py-2) associated with ore-stage 2 sphalerite, galena, and pyrrhotite, (4) massive subhedral to euhedral pyrite (Py-3) associated with ore-stage 3 chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, and sphalerite, and (5) coarse-grained euhedral pyrite (Py-euh), which occurs only in unmineralized rocks. In the unmineralized Shovel Flats drill core, only Py-0 and Py-euh are present. Whereas pre-ore pyrite (Py-0) preserves negative δ34S values (–8.1 to 11.8‰), the ore-stage pyrites (Py-1, Py-2, and Py-3) have higher δ34S values (7.8–33.3, 1.9–12.7, and 23.4–28.2‰, respectively). The highest δ34S values (7.2–33.9‰) are preserved in Py-euh. In combination with petrographic observations, the δ34S values of pyrite provide evidence of three different processes responsible for the reduction of sulfate at George Fisher. Reduced sulfur in fine-grained pyrite (Py-0) formed via microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) under open-system conditions prior to the first generation of hydrothermal pyrite (Py-1) in ore-stage 1, which most likely formed via thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). During deformation, previously formed sulfide phases were then recycled and replaced during a second hydrothermal event (ore-stage 2), resulting in intermediate sulfur isotope values. Another syndeformational hydrothermal Cu event, involving a sulfate-bearing fluid, formed ore-stage 3 via TSR. This study demonstrates that the fine-grained pyrite formed pre-ore under conditions open to sulfate and outlines the role of multiple stages of sulfide formation in producing high-grade Zn-Pb-Ag orebodies in the Mount Isa inlier.
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    In:  Beyond 100: The Next Century in Geodesy : Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Montreal, Canada, July 8-18, 2019 | International Association of Geodesy Symposia ; 152
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: The Earth precession-nutation model endorsed by resolutions of each the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics is composed of two theories developed independently, namely IAU2006 precession and IAU2000A nutation. The IAU2006 precession was adopted to supersede the precession part of the IAU 2000A precession-nutation model and tried to get the new precession theory dynamically consistent with the IAU2000A nutation. However, full consistency was not reached, and slight adjustments of the IAU2000A nutation amplitudes at the micro arcsecond level were required to ensure consistency. The first set of formulae for these corrections derived by Capitaine et al. (Astrophys 432(1):355–367, 2005), which was not included in IAU2006 but provided in some standards and software for computing nutations. Later, Escapa et al. showed that a few additional terms of the same order of magnitude have to be added to the 2005 expressions to get complete dynamical consistency between the official precession and nutation models. In 2018 Escapa and Capitaine made a joint review of the problem and proposed three alternative ways of nutation model and its parameters to achieve consistency to certain different extents, although no estimation of their respective effects could be worked out to illustrate the proposals. Here we present some preliminary results on the assessment of the effects of each of the three sets of corrections suggested by Escapa and Capitaine (Proceedings of the Journées, des Systémes de Référence et de la Rotation Terrestre: Furthering our Knowledge of Earth Rotation, Alicante, 2018) by testing them in conjunction with the conventional celestial pole offsets given in the IERS EOP14C04 time series.
    Language: English
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Beyond 100: The Next Century in Geodesy :Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Montreal, Canada, July 8-18, 2019 | International Association of Geodesy Symposia ; 152
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: This report focuses on some selected scientific outcomes of the activities developed by the IAU/IAG Joint Working Group on Theory of Earth rotation and validation along the term 2015–2019. It is based on its end-of-term report to the IAG Commission 3 published in the Travaux de l’IAG 2015–2019, which in its turn updates previous reports to the IAG and IAU, particularly the triennial report 2015–2018 to the IAU Commission A2, and the medium term report to the IAG Commission 3 (2015–2017). The content of the report has served as a basis for the IAG General Assembly to adopt Resolution 5 on Improvement of Earth rotation theories and models.
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Each spring many plants put on new leaves and/or open their flowers creating a “green-wave” that can be tracked using phenological data. Various phenological datasets can be used to study spring onset at continental to global scales. Here we present a novel exploratory analysis where we link two multi-decadal and high-spatial resolution datasets: temperature-based phenological indices and land surface phenological metrics derived from satellite images. Our exploratory analysis, illustrated with data for the conterminous US, focuses on identifying regions with similar spring onset, and on mapping the coherence between these phenological products. Our results show that the spring onset patterns captured by the satellite are more complex than the ones identified using temperature-based phenological indices. They also highlight areas with stable and unstable spring onsets (i.e., areas that tend to remain or change of phenoregion from year to year). Finally, our results reveal that temperature-based indices are both positively and negatively correlated with the phenological information that can be derived from satellites. This opens the door to the definition of rules to integrate multi-source phenological data. To cope with the computational challenges of analyzing big geospatial rasters, we executed our analysis on a cloud platform running Apache Spark and various of its extensions (e.g., Geotrellis, SparkMLlib). This platform performed well and allowed the execution of user-tailored analyses. Hence, we believe that our computational platform paves the path towards the efficient analysis of global vegetation phenology at very high spatial resolution and, more generally, to the analysis of the ever-increasing collections of geospatial data about our planet.
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Laboratory hydraulic fracturing tests on cubic granite specimens with a side length of 100 mm were performed under true triaxial stress conditions combined with acoustic emission monitoring. Six different injection schemes were applied to investigate the influence of the injection scheme on hydraulic performance and induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing. Three of these schemes are injection rate controlled: constant rate continuous injection (CCI), stepwise rate continuous injection (SCI), and cyclic progressive injection (CPI); the other three are pressurization rate controlled: stepwise pressurization (SP), stepwise pulse pressurization (SPP) and cyclic pulse pressurization (CPP). The test results show that the SPP scheme achieves the highest increase in injectivity among the six schemes. The CPI scheme generates the lowest induced seismicity while the improvement in injectivity is the least pronounced. The CPP scheme allows increasing injectivity and decreasing induced seismicity, and is suggested as a promising alternative injection scheme for field applications. Thin section microscopic observations of fractured specimens show that intragranular fractures splitting microcline, orthoclase and quartz grains dominate the hydraulic fractures independent of the injection scheme. The SPP scheme creates the largest fracture length, which explains the highest injectivity value among all schemes. Tests with relatively low magnitude of maximum AE amplitude correspond to short fracture length and small portions of intragranular fractures in microcline grains. Quartz grains are more fractured than microcline and orthoclase grains, and quartz chips (natural proppants) are frequently observed adjacent to hydraulic fractures. The laboratory test results show the potential for hydraulic fracture growth control in field applications by advanced fluid injection schemes, i.e. cyclic pulse pressurization of granitic rock mass.
    Language: English
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: After large earthquakes at subduction zones, the plate interface continues moving due to mostly frictional afterslip or simply afterslip processes. Below approximately 60 km depth, the seismic moment release at the plate interface is quite small indicating that the shear strength is low and stable sliding is the prevailing process. This agrees with the lack of significant interseismic locking at deeper segments (〉60 km) resulting from the inversion of geodetic data and thus low afterslip can be expected. However, inversion models that employ linear viscoelastic mantle rheology and an elastic crust result in significant afterslip at depths 〉60 km. In this paper, we present a combination of a 3D forward geomechanical model with power-law rheology that simulates postseismic relaxation with dislocation creep processes in the crust and upper mantle and an afterslip inversion. We estimate the cumulative viscoelastic relaxation and the afterslip distribution for the first six years following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile. The cumulative afterslip distribution is obtained from the inversion of the residual surface displacements between the observed displacements from the continuous GPS (cGPS) and the ones from the forward modelling. We investigate five simulations, four with different dislocation creep parameters for the crust, slab, and upper mantle and one with elastic properties for the crust and slab, and a linear viscoelastic upper mantle for comparison. Our preferred simulation considers a weak crust since it shows the best fit to the cumulative cGPS postseismic displacements, a good fit to the time-series, and, in particular, a good spatial correlation between afterslip and aftershock activity. In this simulation, most of the viscoelastic relaxation occurs in the continental lower crust beneath the volcanic arc due to dislocation creep processes. The resulting afterslip pattern from the inversion is reduced at depths 〉60 km, which correlates to the low cumulative seismic moment that is released from aftershocks at these depths. Furthermore, the cumulative afterslip moment release from this simulation corresponds to 10% of the main shock in six years, which is approximately half of the moment release that results from models with an elastic crust and linear viscosity in the upper mantle. We conclude that an integrated analysis by considering power-rheology with dislocation creep processes in the continental crust and upper mantle along with aftershock activity may be used to constrain location and magnitude postseismic relaxation processes better.
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Onsite earthquake early warning (EEW) systems exploit predictive models relating features extracted over the P-wave window to S-wave ground-motion parameters. These models are usually calibrated considering recordings from multiple stations and combining datasets from different regions under the ergodic assumption. Here, we show that the local-site conditions can play a significant role in determining the performance of onsite EEW predictive models in terms of rates of false or missed alerts. Interestingly, if partially nonergodic models are implemented, as done in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the negative impact of local-site amplifications can be mitigated. We explore the influence of site effects for onsite EEW predictive models calibrated between the peak displacement (Pd) and integral squared velocity (Iv2) measured over a 3 s P-wave window, and the acceleration response spectra (RSA) at nine different periods T (T=0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 s). We consider 58 earthquakes with magnitudes between Mw 3.7 and 6.5, belonging to the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence that have been recorded by 100 accelerometer stations at hypocentral distances lesser than 150 km. We implement a mixed-effects regression analysis to explore the variability of the ground motion in terms of RSA predicted at different sites by considering two different group levels: in the first, each station is considered separately; in the second, we consider the Eurocode 8 (EC8, 2004) soil classification. Considering a probabilistic alert decision module applied to data from two selected stations, we show that the predictive models including site effects provide more reliable alerts, reducing the false alarms from 2.6% to 0.53% and the missed alarms from 10.1% to 4.8%. The residuals analysis shows that including a site-specific random effect in the predictive model contributes to reducing the apparent aleatory variability, whereas grouping data by EC8 classification does not provide significant benefit for EEW purposes.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Ocean‐bottom seismographs (OBSs) are used to obtain seismic recordings offshore and are an increasingly important tool for investigating the globe. However, because OBS data cannot be time stamped using Global Positioning System (GPS) during deployment, correction for drift of the internal clock is required. This time drift is typically derived by synchronizing the clock before and after deployment. Linear correction is then applied using the timing deviation between GPS and the instrument’s internal clock at recovery, that is, the skew measurement. If synchronization measurements are missing, ambient noise cross‐correlation functions (CCFs) are commonly used for time correction. When investigating recordings from a small‐scale OBS network located on the Mohn’s mid‐ocean ridge, we observed a remaining drift on the skew‐corrected data. After recalculating the drift of the raw data using CCFs, we found that the skew‐based time correction was incorrect. This was also verified with the observation of teleseismic P‐wave arrivals. We describe a method to obtain properly time‐corrected data and discuss the OBS timing issues in detail. The results shown were obtained using a software package that we developed for this specific purpose and made available as open‐source software. Although we cannot explain the technical reason for the failure of skew correction, this study shows that skew corrections should not be trusted alone, and OBS timing should always be verified by either ambient noise correlations or P‐wave arrival times.
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: In December 2018, at the conclusion of its second implementation phase, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation released its first version of a map outlining the spatial distribution of seismic hazard at a global scale. The map is the result of an extensive, joint effort combining the results obtained from a collection of probabilistic seismic hazard models, called the GEM Mosaic. Together, the map and the underlying database of models provide an up-to-date view of the earthquake threat globally. In addition, using the Mosaic, a synopsis of the current state-of-practice in modeling probabilistic seismic hazard at national and regional scales is possible. The process adopted for the compilation of the Mosaic adhered to the maximum extent possible to GEM’s principles of collaboration, inclusiveness, transparency, and reproducibility. For each region, priority was given to seismic hazard models either developed by well-recognized national agencies or by large collaborative projects involving local scientists. The version of the GEM Mosaic presented herein contains 30 probabilistic seismic hazard models, 14 of which represent national or sub-national models; the remainder are regional-scale models. We discuss the general qualities of these models, the underlying framework of the database, and the outlook for the Mosaic’s utility and its future versions.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Ground response analyses (GRA) model the vertical propagations of SH waves through flat-layered media (1DSH) and are widely carried out to evaluate local site effects in practice. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique is a cost-effective approach to extract certain site-specific information, e.g., site fundamental frequency (f0), but HVSR values cannot be directly used to approximate the levels of S-wave amplifications. Motivated by the work of Kawase et al. (2019), we propose a procedure to correct earthquake HVSR amplitudes for direct amplification estimations. The empirical correction compensates HVSR by generic vertical amplification spectra categorized by the vertical fundamental frequency (f0v) via k-means clustering. In this investigation, we evaluate the effectiveness of the corrected HVSR in approximating observed linear amplifications in comparison with 1DSH modellings. We select a total of 90 KiK-net (Kiban Kyoshin network) surface-downhole sites which are found to have no velocity contrasts below their boreholes and thus of which surface-to-borehole spectral ratios (SBSRs) can be taken as their empirical transfer functions (ETFs). 1DSH-based theoretical transfer functions (TTFs) are computed in the linear domain considering uncertainties in VS profiles through randomizations. Five goodness-of-fit metrics are adopted to gauge the closeness between observed (ETF) and predicted (i.e., TTF and corrected HVSR) amplifications in both amplitude and spectral shape over frequencies from f0 to 25 Hz. We find that the empirical correction to HVSR is highly effective and achieves a “good match” in both spectral shape and amplitude at the majority of the 90 KiK-net sites, as opposed to less than one-third for the 1DSH modelling. In addition, the empirical correction does not require a velocity model, which GRAs require, and thus has great potentials in seismic hazard assessments.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: We apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source spectra from propagation and site effects and, in turn, to estimate the source parameters of small‐to‐moderate earthquakes that occurred in central Italy. The data set is composed of about 400,000 waveforms relevant to 4111 earthquakes in the moment magnitude range 1.5–6.5, recorded by a high‐density network of stations installed in the study area. We first investigate the reliability of the source parameters for small magnitudes through numerical simulations. We generate synthetic spectra for different source scaling models and near‐surface attenuation effects, considering the source–station geometry and the data availability of the central Italy data set. Our analysis with synthetics shows that the spectral decomposition is effective in isolating the source contributions from other factors. Moreover, the analysis of the residual distributions suggests that moment magnitude 1.8 is the lower bound for the retrieval of reliable Brune’s source parameters, although we observe an increase of residual’s variability below magnitude 3, and the estimated source parameters could be biased below magnitude 2.3. Remarkably, the assessment of the stress drop Δσ for small events is strongly hampered by site‐specific attenuation near the surface. In view of the results with synthetics, we analyze the source parameters of earthquakes recorded in central Italy. The corner frequency versus seismic moment relationship describes a source scaling in which Δσ increases with increasing moment magnitude Mw⁠, the mean Δσ varying from 0.1 MPa for Mw〈2 to 7.9 MPa for Mw〉5⁠. In particular, Δσ increases mainly for Mw in the ranges 2.5–3 and 4.5–5.2. The corner frequencies estimated from the apparent source spectra do not show any dependence on hypocentral distance and magnitude, confirming that uncorrected anelastic attenuation effects do not significantly bias the results.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: During the past 150 yr, the city of Almaty (formerly Verny) in Kazakhstan has suffered significant damage due to several large earthquakes. The 9 June 1887 Mw 7.3 Verny earthquake occurred at a time when the city mainly consisted of adobe buildings with a population of 30,000, with it being nearly totally destroyed with 300 deaths. The 3 January 1911 Mw 7.8 Kemin earthquake caused 390 deaths, with 44 in Verny itself. Remarkably, this earthquake, which occurred around 40 km from Verny, caused significant soil deformation and ground failure in the city. A crucial step toward preparing for future events, mitigating against earthquake risk, and defining optimal engineering designs, involves undertaking site response studies. With regard to this, we investigate the possibility that the extreme ground failure observed after the 1911 Kemin earthquake could have been enhanced by the presence of a shallow frozen ground layer that may have inhibited the drainage of pore pressure excess through the surface, therefore inducing liquefaction at depth. We make use of information collected regarding the soil conditions around the city at the time of the earthquakes, the results from seismic noise analysis, borehole data, and surface temperature data. From these datasets, we estimated the necessary parameters for evaluating the dynamic properties of the soil in this area. We successively characterize the corresponding sediment layers at the sites of the observed liquefaction. Although the estimated soil parameters are not optimally constrained, the dynamic analysis, carried out using selected strong‐motion recordings that are expected to be compatible with the two considered events, indicated that the extensive ground failure that occurred during the Kemin event could be due to the presence of a superficial frozen soil layer. Our results indicate that for this region, possible seasonal effects should, therefore, be considered when undertaking site effect studies.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: In this study, we investigate the dependencies between ground-motion intensity measures (GMIM) and earthquake magnitudes (M), in order to evaluate the dynamic stress parameter (Δσ) magnitude scaling. To achieve this, two types of datasets are used: a large subset ofthe NGA-West 2 (next generation attenuation) dataset including 1700 records from 426 sites and 271 earthquakes. The other datasets are generated through the stochastic method (Boore 2003)assuming various magnitude dependencies (constant and variable) of the stress parameter with magnitude. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are used to derive datadriven ground-motion prediction models (Ameur et al. 2018). Stiff soil (Vs30 〉 500 m/s) data are selected and the ground-motion models are depending on two input parameters: the moment magnitude (Mw)and thehypocentral distance (Rhyp). Following Molkenthin et al. (2014), we assume that Δσ is the dominating controlling factor of GMIM for stiff site conditions at Rhyp = 30 km, at the frequency (f) = 3.33 Hz for moderate earthquakes in the magnitude range Mw = [4.5–6.5]. This study confirms that the relations between magnitude and stress parameter control the scaling of ground motions. We show that the magnitude-dependent stress drops better fit the latest generation of NGA-West 2 datasets and empirical ground-motion equations. We finally calibrate a relation between dynamic stress parameter and earthquake magnitude in the magnitude range Mw =[4.5–6.5].
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This article explores the implementation of the Natural Resources Canada’s Fifth Generation national seismic hazard model as developed for the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), within the OpenQuake-engine. It also describes the reconciliation of the differences in hazard estimates relative to the published NBCC values, calculated using GSCFRISK. Source and ground-motion input models developed for the GSCFRISK software were translated to the OpenQuake-engine format for the hazard comparison. In order to successfully undertake this process, several adjustments to the OpenQuake code were needed to mimic the behavior of GSCFRISK. This required the development of new functions for earthquake-rupture scaling and ground-motion interpolation. Hazard values estimated using the OpenQuake-engine are generally in good agreement with the 2015 NBCC national-scale hazard values, with differences less than 2%–3% typically achieved. Where larger differences arise, they can be rationalized in terms of differences between the behaviors of the two software engines with respect to earthquake-rupture length uncertainty and maximum ground-motion integration distance.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: The geometry and evolution of fluvial systems are thought to be related to surface uplift. In eastern Tibet, rivers exhibit peculiar drainage patterns but how these patterns were established and their connection with the plateau uplift are still under debate. Here, we use detrital zircon U-Pb dating, bedrock (U-Th)/He thermochronometry, topographic analysis and numerical modeling to explore the paleo-drainage pattern of the Dadu and Anning Rivers, eastern Tibet. Our detrital data indicate that the Pliocene sources of sediments to the Anning River are different from the modern ones and they include a source similar to that of the modern Dadu River, implying a paleo-connection between the Dadu and the Anning Rivers and a subsequent cutoff of this connection after the deposition of the Pliocene sediments. Bedrock thermochronometric data along the Dadu River reveal rapid cooling at ∼10 Ma and a possible enhanced cooling at ∼2 Ma, which we interpret as a response to the regional plateau uplift in eastern Tibet and to the Dadu-Anning capture, respectively. Combined with topographic analysis and numerical modeling, our results indicate an Early Pleistocene capture between the Dadu and Anning Rivers, resulting in the changes in the sediment sources of the Anning River, enhanced incision of the Dadu, and the transience of the Dadu River profile. The Dadu-Anning capture is related to the motion along the active sinistral strike-slip Daliangshan fault that locally disrupts the river network. This event does not date the plateau uplift; rather, it indicates how river reorganization can effectively enhance river incision and affect landscape development independently from regional-scale uplift.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: The steady increase of ground-motion data not only allows new possibilities but also comes with new challenges in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs). Data classification techniques (e.g., cluster analysis) do not only produce deterministic classifications but also probabilistic classifications (e.g., probabilities for each datum to belong to a given class or cluster). One challenge is the integration of such continuous classification in regressions for GMM development such as the widely used mixed-effects model. We address this issue by introducing an extension of the mixed-effects model to incorporate data weighting. The parameter estimation of the mixed-effects model, that is, fixed-effects coefficients of the GMMs and the random-effects variances, are based on the weighted likelihood function, which also provides analytic uncertainty estimates. The data weighting permits for earthquake classification beyond the classical, expert-driven, binary classification based, for example, on event depth, distance to trench, style of faulting, and fault dip angle. We apply Angular Classification with Expectation–maximization, an algorithm to identify clusters of nodal planes from focal mechanisms to differentiate between, for example, interface- and intraslab-type events. Classification is continuous, that is, no event belongs completely to one class, which is taken into account in the ground-motionmodeling. The theoretical framework described in this article allows for a fully automatic calibration of ground-motionmodels using large databases with automated classification and processing of earthquake and ground-motion data. As an example, we developed a GMM on the basis of the GMM by Montalva et al. (2017) with data from the strong-motion flat file of Bastías and Montalva (2016) with ∼2400 records from 319 events in the Chilean subduction zone. Our GMMwith the data-driven classification is comparable to the expert-classification-based model. Furthermore, the model shows temporal variations of the between-event residuals before and after large earthquakes in the region.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: Point cloud datasets provided by LiDAR have become an integral part in many research fields including archaeology, forestry, and ecology. Facilitated by technological advances, the volume of these datasets has steadily increased, with modern airborne laser scanning surveys now providing high-resolution, (super-)national scale, multi-terabyte point clouds. However, their wider scientific exploitation is hindered by the scarcity of open source software tools capable of handling the challenges of accessing, processing, and extracting meaningful information from massive datasets, as well as by the domain-specificity of existing tools. Here we present Laserchicken, a user-extendable, cross-platform Python tool for extracting statistical properties of flexibly defined subsets of point cloud data, aimed at enabling efficient, scalable, distributed processing of multi-terabyte datasets. We demonstrate Laserchicken’s ability to unlock these transformative new resources, e.g. in macroecology and species distribution modelling, where it is used to characterize the 3D vegetation structure at high resolution ( m) across whole countries or regions. We further discuss its potential as a domain agnostic, flexible tool that can also facilitate novel applications in other research fields.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Observations of rift and rifted margin architecture suggest that significant spatial and temporal structural heterogeneity develops during the multiphase evolution of continental rifting. Inheritance is often invoked to explain this heterogeneity, such as pre‐existing anisotropies in rock composition, rheology, and deformation. Here, we use high‐resolution 3D thermal‐mechanical numerical models of continental extension to demonstrate that rift‐parallel heterogeneity may develop solely through fault network evolution during the transition from distributed to localized deformation. In our models, the initial phase of distributed normal faulting is seeded through randomized initial strength perturbations in an otherwise laterally homogeneous lithosphere extending at a constant rate. Continued extension localizes deformation onto lithosphere‐scale faults, which are laterally offset by 10’s of km and discontinuous along‐strike. These results demonstrate that rift‐ and margin‐parallel heterogeneity of large‐scale fault patterns may in‐part be a natural byproduct of fault network coalescence.
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Over the past few decades, azimuthal seismic anisotropy measurements have been widely used proxy to study past and present‐day deformation of the lithosphere and to characterize convection in the mantle. Beneath continental regions, distinguishing between shallow and deep sources of anisotropy remains difficult due to poor depth constraints of measurements and a lack of regional‐scale geodynamic modeling. Here, we constrain the sources of seismic anisotropy beneath Madagascar where a complex pattern cannot be explained by a single process such as absolute plate motion, global mantle flow, or geology. We test the hypotheses that either Edge‐Driven Convection (EDC) or mantle flow derived from mantle wind interactions with lithospheric topography is the dominant source of anisotropy beneath Madagascar. We, therefore, simulate two sets of mantle convection models using regional‐scale 3‐D computational modeling. We then calculate Lattice Preferred Orientation that develops along pathlines of the mantle flow models and use them to calculate synthetic splitting parameters. Comparison of predicted with observed seismic anisotropy shows a good fit in northern and southern Madagascar for the EDC model, but the mantle wind case only fits well in northern Madagascar. This result suggests the dominant control of the measured anisotropy may be from EDC, but the role of localized fossil anisotropy in narrow shear zones cannot be ruled out in southern Madagascar. Our results suggest that the asthenosphere beneath northern and southern Madagascar is dominated by dislocation creep. Dislocation creep rheology may be dominant in the upper asthenosphere beneath other regions of continental lithosphere.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Description: Understanding fracturing processes and the hydromechanical relation to induced seismicity is a key question for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Commonly massive fluid injection, predominately causing hydroshearing, are used in large-scale EGS but also hydraulic fracturing approaches were discussed. To evaluate the applicability of hydraulic fracturing techniques in EGS, six in situ, multistage hydraulic fracturing experiments with three different injection schemes were performed under controlled conditions in crystalline rock at the A¨ spo¨ Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden). During the experiments the near-field ground motion was continuously recorded by 11 piezoelectric borehole sensors with a sampling rate of 1 MHz. The sensor network covered a volume of 30×30×30 m around a horizontal, 28-m-long injection borehole at a depth of 410 m. To extract and characterize massive, induced, high-frequency acoustic emission (AE) activity from continuous recordings, a semi-automated workflow was developed relying on full waveform based detection, classification and location procedures. The approach extended the AE catalogue from 196 triggered events in previous studies to more than 19 600 located AEs. The enhanced catalogue, for the first time, allows a detailed analysis of induced seismicity during single hydraulic fracturing experiments, including the individual fracturing stages and the comparison between injection schemes. Beside the detailed study of the spatio-temporal patterns, event clusters and the growth of seismic clouds, we estimate relative magnitudes and b-values of AEs for conventional, cyclic progressive and dynamic pulse injection schemes, the latter two being fatigue hydraulic fracturing techniques. While the conventional fracturing leads to AE patterns clustered in planar regions, indicating the generation of a single main fracture plane, the cyclic progressive injection scheme results in a more diffuse, cloud-like AE distribution, indicating the activation of a more complex fracture network. For a given amount of hydraulic energy (pressure multiplied by injected volume) pumped into the system, the cyclic progressive scheme is characterized by a lower rate of seismicity, lower maximum magnitudes and significantly larger b-values, implying an increased number of small events relative to the large ones. To our knowledge, this is the first direct comparison of high resolution seismicity in a mine-scale experiment induced by different hydraulic fracturing schemes.
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  • 63
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    Arc Humanities Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: “The noble Cavendishes were one of the most influential families in the politics and culture of early modern England and beyond. A Companion to the Cavendishes offers a comprehensive account of the Cavendish family's creative output and cultural significance in the seventeenth century. It discusses the writings of individuals including William and Margaret Cavendish, and William's daughters Jane and Elizabeth; family members' work and patronage in other media such as music, architecture, and the visual arts; their participation in contemporary developments in politics, philosophy, and horsemanship; and the networks in which they moved both in England and in continental Europe. It also covers the work of less well-known family members such as the poet and biographer George Cavendish and the composer Michael Cavendish. This volume combines path-breaking scholarship with discussion of existing research, making it an invaluable resource for all those interested in this fascinating and diverse group of men and women.”
    Keywords: literary culture; aristocratic life; women’s writing; closet drama; iconography ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Brill | Brill | Rodopi
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Tizian Zumthurm uses the extraordinary hospital of an extraordinary man to produce novel insights into the ordinary practice of biomedicine in colonial Central Africa. His investigation of therapeutic routines in surgery, maternity care, psychiatry, and the treatment of dysentery and leprosy reveals the inco-herent nature of biomedicine – and not just in Africa. Reading rich archival sources against and along the grain, the author combines concepts that appeal to those interested in the history of medicine and colonialism. Through the micro-cosm of the hospital, Zumthurm brings to light the social worlds of Gabonese patients as well as European staff. By refusing to easily categorize colonial medi-cal encounters, the book challenges our understanding of biomedicine as solely domineering or interactive. Readership: People interested in the history of medicine, especially in the colonies. Practitioners of Global Health. Students of Medical History. Historians of Africa. People interested in the work of Albert Schweitzer.
    Keywords: History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    University of Michigan Press | U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The interplay between the external world (ching) and the poet’s inner world (ch’ing) lies at the heart of Chinese poetry, and understanding the interaction of the two is crucial to understanding this work from within its own tradition. Closely coordinating her discussions of poetry and criticism so that practice and theory become mutually enriching and illuminating, Sun offers sensitive and original readings of poems and a wealth of insights into Chinese poetics.
    Description: The interplay between the external world (ching) and the poet’s inner world (ch’ing) lies at the heart of Chinese poetry, and understanding the interaction of the two is crucial to understanding this work from within its own tradition. Closely coordinating her discussions of poetry and criticism so that practice and theory become mutually enriching and illuminating, Sun offers sensitive and original readings of poems and a wealth of insights into Chinese poetics.
    Keywords: Society and social sciences ; Poetry ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DC Poetry
    Language: Chinese , English
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Overlooking Lago di Orta in the foothills of the Northern Italian Alps, the Renaissance-era Sacro Monte di Orta (a UNESCO World Heritage site) is spectacle and hagiography, theme park and treatise. Sacro Monte di Orta is a sacred mountain complex that extolls the life of St. Francis of Assisi through fresco, statuary, and built environment. Descending from the vision of the 16th-century Archbishop Carlo Borromeo, the design and execution of the chapels express the Catholic Church’s desire to define, or, perhaps redefine itself for a transforming Christian diaspora. And in the struggle to provide a spiritual and geographical front against the spread of Protestantism into the Italian peninsula, the Catholic Church mustered the most powerful weapon it had: the widely popular native Italian saint, Francis of Assisi.Sacred Views of Saint Francis: The Sacro Monte di Orta examines this important pilgrimage site where Francis is embraced as a ne plus ultra saint. The book delves into a pivotal moment in the life of the Catholic Church as revealed through the artistic program of the Sacro Monte’s twenty-one chapels, providing a nuanced understanding of the role the site played in the Counter-Reformation.The Sacro Monte di Orta was, in its way, a new hagiographical text vital to post-Tridentine Italy. Sacred Views provides research and analysis of this popular, yet critically neglected Franciscan devotional site. Sacred Views is the first significant scholarly work on the Sacro Monte di Orta in English and one of the very few full-length treatments in any language. It includes a catalogue of artists, over one hundred photographs, maps, short essays on each chapel, and longer essays that examine some of the most significant chapels in greater detail.
    Keywords: Catholicism ; Saint Francis ; pilgrimage ; sacred architecture ; religious sculpture ; hagiography ; Christianity ; monasticism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCR Christian worship, rites & ceremonies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCX Christian institutions & organizations::HRCX8 Christian communities & monasticism ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AM Architecture::AMN Religious buildings ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVJ Prayers and liturgical material::QRVJ1 Worship, rites, ceremonies and rituals ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVS Religious institutions and organizations::QRVS5 Religious communities and monasticism ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMN Architecture: religious buildings
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht die Autorin die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzrechts zu einem Datenhandelsrecht. Sie stellt dar, wie Personendaten bereits heute gehandelt werden können und wo sich Problemfelder insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund von Big Data ergeben. Außerdem veranschaulicht sie bestehende Reformvorschläge, wie z. B. die Einführung eines sogenannten „Dateneigentums“, und misst dies an einer vertieften Analyse des Interessendreiecks beim Datenhandel. Aus der Einordnung in eine Gesamtanalyse lassen sich wichtige Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten.
    Keywords: IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Civil Law ; Public Law ; Big Data ; Persönlichkeitsrecht ; Datenverarbeitung ; Datenhandelsrecht ; Immaterialgüterrecht ; Open Access ; Entertainment & media law ; Systems of law: civil codes / civil law ; Private or civil law: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law
    Language: German
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    Schöningh and Fink Social Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Igor’ Stravinskijs Sacre du printemps gilt als Meilenstein der Musik- und Tanzgeschichte. Gleichwohl hat die Wissenschaft einen Schlüsselaspekt zum Verständnis des Werkes bislang übersehen: die ‚Theaterreform um 1900‘. Leila Zickgraf zeigt erstmals, dass Stravinskij mit dem Sacre sein höchst eigenes ‚Theater der Zukunft‘ verwirklichte – gemeinsam mit dem Choreografen Vaclav Nižinskij und inspiriert von Georg Fuchs sowie Edward Gordon Craig. Durch die Rhythmen seiner Komposition versetzte er nämlich Tänzer wie Publikum in einen körperlich erfahrbaren Rausch, wodurch er die Zuschauer ins Bühnengeschehen integrierte. Die Ballets Russes nahmen damals – 1913 – eine mechanistische Ästhetik vorweg, die in Musik, Tanz und Theater merklich erst in den 1920er Jahren in Erscheinung treten sollte. Mit seiner interdisziplinären Ausrichtung zwischen Tanz-, Kultur-, Theater- und Musikwissenschaft sowie seiner umfassenden, auch russischsprachigen Quellenerschließung leistet das Buch einen wichtigen Forschungsbeitrag zu einem nicht wenig untersuchten, aber – wie sich zeigt – in zentralen Aspekten noch immer ungenügend ausgeleuchteten Meisterwerk.
    Keywords: Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies
    Language: German
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    Open Humanities Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Can computers be creative? Is algorithmic art just a form of Candy Crush? Cutting through the smoke and mirrors surrounding computation, robotics and artificial intelligence, Joanna Zylinska argues that, to understand the promise of AI for the creative fields, we must not confine ourselves solely to the realm of aesthetics. Instead, we need to address the role and position of the human in the current technical setup – including the associated issues of labour, robotisation and, last but not least, extinction. Offering a critique of the socio-political underpinnings of AI, AI Art: Machine Visions and Warped Dreams raises poignant questions about the conditions of art making and creativity today. The book critically examines artworks that use AI, be it in the form of visual style transfer, algorithmic experiment or critical commentary. It also engages with their predecessors, including robotic art and net art. AI Art includes a project from Zylinska’s own art practice titled ‘View from the Window’, which explores human and nonhuman forms of intelligence, perception and action. The book closes with speculation on future art – and on art’s future.
    Keywords: computers ; algorithmic art ; AI ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics
    Language: English
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    University of California Press | University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: High-Tech Trash analyzes creative strategies in glitch, noise, and error to chart the development of an aesthetic paradigm rooted in failure. Carolyn L. Kane explores how technologically influenced creative practices, primarily from the second half of the twentieth and first quarter of the twenty-first centuries, critically offset a broader culture of pervasive risk and discontent. In so doing, she questions how we continue onward, striving to do better and acquire more, despite inevitable disappointment. High-Tech Trash speaks to a paradox in contemporary society in which failure is disavowed yet necessary for technological innovation.  “Leonard Cohen sang ‘There’s a crack in everything…that’s how the light gets in.’ Here, Carolyn Kane teaches us how to see that light, one crack at a time.” FRED TURNER, author of The Democratic Surround: Multimedia and American Liberalism from World War II to the Psychedelic Sixties  “Kane profiles art practices and media discourses that exploit and celebrate, rather than filter or suppress, all kinds of errors and noises. A welcome intervention in a number of discursive fields.” PETER KRAPP, author of Noise Channels: Glitch and Error in Digital Culture  “An original work of scholarship that addresses some of the most pervasive phenomena and foundational questions in the contemporary media environment.” ROBERT HARIMAN, coauthor of The Public Image: Photography and Civic Spectatorship  CAROLYN L. KANE is Associate Professor of Communication at Ryerson University and author of Chromatic Algorithms: Synthetic Color, Computer Art, and Aesthetics after Code.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Media Studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "Making Sense of World History is a comprehensive and accessible textbook that helps students understand the key themes of world history within a chronological framework stretching from ancient times to the present day. To lend coherence to its narrative, the book employs a set of organizing devices that connect times, places, and/or themes. This narrative is supported by: Flowcharts that show how phenomena within diverse broad themes interact in generating key processes and events in world history. A discussion of the common challenges faced by different types of agent, including rulers, merchants, farmers, and parents, and a comparison of how these challenges were addressed in different times and places. An exhaustive and balanced treatment of themes such as culture, politics, and economy, with an emphasis on interaction. Explicit attention to skill acquisition in organizing information, cultural sensitivity, comparison, visual literacy, integration, interrogating primary sources, and critical thinking. A focus on historical “episodes” that are carefully related to each other. Through the use of such devices, the book shows the cumulative effect of thematic interactions through time, communicates the many ways in which societies have influenced each other through history, and allows us to compare and contrast how they have reacted to similar challenges. They also allow the reader to transcend historical controversies and can be used to stimulate class discussions and guide student assignments. With a unified authorial voice and offering a narrative from the ancient to the present, this is the go-to textbook for World History courses and students. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003013518, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."
    Keywords: general & world history ; social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: In the course of the Josephinian reforms, monasteries were dissolved and church property was fundamentally transformed. At that time, Bukovina was still a young province of the Habsburg Empire. The Orthodox Church dominated denominationally. As early as 1783, a Greek-Oriental religious fund was created based on the church property. This institution was fundamentally different from Catholic funds, since it was regionally anchored from the start. As the largest landowner of Bukovina, this institution developed into a factor that shaped the region and society significantly until it was dissolved in 1949. The analysis of the Bukovinian Religious Fund in its importance for the design, development and nationalization of the region as part of the Habsburg monarchy as well as Greater Romania is the subject of the monograph. It offers a surprisingly new insight into a neglected research field, far beyond the region.
    Keywords: Religion ; Christian Church ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRC Christianity::HRCC Christian Churches & denominations
    Language: German
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: This book examines how Indigenous Peoples around the world are demanding greater data sovereignty, and challenging the ways in which governments have historically used Indigenous data to develop policies and programs. In the digital age, governments are increasingly dependent on data and data analytics to inform their policies and decision-making. However, Indigenous Peoples have often been the unwilling targets of policy interventions and have had little say over the collection, use and application of data about them, their lands and cultures. At the heart of Indigenous Peoples’ demands for change are the enduring aspirations of self-determination over their institutions, resources, knowledge and information systems. With contributors from Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, North and South America and Europe, this book offers a rich account of the potential for Indigenous data sovereignty to support human flourishing and to protect against the ever-growing threats of data-related risks and harms.
    Keywords: Development studies ; Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples
    Language: English
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    mentis
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Die »Ordinary Language-Philosophie«, nach der die klassischen Probleme der theoretischen Philosophie nicht substanzieller, sondern begrifflicher Natur sind, gilt heute in weiten Teilen der analytischen Philosophie als überholt. Zu Unrecht, wie Nicole Rathgeb argumentiert. Sie verteidigt sie gegen Paul Grice, eine Reihe von zeitgenössischen Autoren und Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Experimentellen Philosophie. Dabei geht es insbesondere darum, Argumente gegen die Existenz begrifflicher Wahrheiten zu entkräften, zu zeigen, wie wir auf der Grundlage unserer Sprachkompetenz nicht-triviale Erkenntnisse gewinnen können, und dafür zu argumentieren, dass wir in der Philosophie nicht auf Umfragen oder andere empirische Studien zurückgreifen müssen.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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    University of California Press | University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2023-06-06
    Description: While migration has become a vital issue worldwide, mainstream literature on migrants’ legal adaptation and integration has focused on cases in Western-style democracies. We know relatively little about how migrants adapt in the ever-growing hybrid political regimes that are neither clearly democratic nor conventionally authoritarian. This book takes up the case of Russia—the third largest recipient of migrants worldwide—and investigates how Central Asian migrant workers produce new forms of informal governance and legal order. Migrants use the opportunities provided by a weak rule of law and a corrupt political system to navigate the repressive legal landscape and to negotiate, using informal channels, access to employment and other opportunities that are hard to obtain through the official legal framework of their host country. This lively ethnography presents new theoretical perspectives for studying legal incorporation of immigrants in similar political contexts. “Not only provides a brilliant analysis of the under-researched Russian case but also significantly adds to the existing knowledge of undocumentedness, informality, and migrant agency.” JOAQUÍN ARANGO, COMPLUTENSE UNIVERSITY OF MADRID “Rustamjon Urinboyev’s empathetic interviewing style allows him to illuminate complex social relationships, parallel legal orders, and behavioral norms. A remarkable book, rich in stories of extraordinary people, embedded in theoretical analysis.” JUDITH ALLOT, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, RESEARCH DIRECTOR OF GULAGECHOES “Ethnographically rich and theoretically ambitious, this book reveals the extralegal negotiations through which migrant workers, employers, middlemen, and streetlevel bureaucrats negotiate the Russian migration system. An original and important contribution.” MADELEINE REEVES, UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
    Keywords: Immigration ; Labor ; Law and Society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCF Labour economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAQ Law & society
    Language: English
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    Brill | Wilhelm Fink
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Robert Walser, Franz Kafka, and Theodor Fontane pursue a precarious narration in the context of the problem of order in modernity. While Fontane’s Der Stechlin attempts to put the rampant ambivalence in its place by means of an orderly narration, Walser liberates narration: in a digressive and performative process, he cross-fades contradictory patterns. Finally, Kafka demonstrates in The Burrow how all differentiation collapses and how narrative, in a paradoxical way, represents its own impossibility. Precarious narration, the book argues, is not a deficit narrative but a genuine form of narration.
    Keywords: Literary studies: fiction, novelists & prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers
    Language: German
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    Bielefeld University Press
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: Practices of comparing shape how we perceive, organize, and change the world. Supposedly innocent, practices of comparing play a decisive role in forming categories, boundaries, and hierarchies; but they can also give an impetus to question and change such structures. Like almost no other human practice, comparing pervades all social, political, economic, and cultural spheres. This volume outlines the program of a new research agenda that places comparative practices at the center of an interdisciplinary exploration. Its contributions combine case studies with overarching systematic considerations. They show what insights can be gained and which further questions arise when one makes a seemingly trivial practice - comparing - the subject of in-depth research.
    Keywords: Practices ; Theory ; Comparing ; Comparison ; Historical Change ; Digital Humanities ; Society ; Cultural History ; Literature ; Literary Studies ; Political Sociology ; Sociology of Knowledge ; Bielefeld University Press ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: English
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book, the 17th in the federal election series and the ninth sponsored by the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, provides a comprehensive account of the 2019 Australian election, which resulted in the surprise victory of the Coalition under Scott Morrison. It brings together 36 contributors who analyse voter behaviour, campaign strategies, regional variations, polling, ideology, media and the new importance of memes and digital campaigning. Morrison’s victory underlined the continuing trend toward the personalisation of politics and the loss of trust in political institutions, both in Australia and across western democracies. Morrison’s Miracle is indispensable for understanding the May 2019 Coalition victory, which surprised many observers and confounded pollsters and political pundits.
    Keywords: Scott Morrison ; politics ; Australia ; federal election ; memes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::1 Geographical Qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania & other land areas::1MB Australasia::1MBF Australia ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHF Elections & referenda ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBF Australia ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHF Elections and referenda / suffrage
    Language: English
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    Oxbow Books | Oxbow Books
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Earliest Europeans explores the early origins of man in Europe through the perspective of ‘a year in the life’: how hominins in the Lower Palaeolithic coped with the year-round practical challenges of mid-latitude Europe with its distinctive temperatures, seasonality patterns, and available resources. Current research has provided increasingly robust archaeological and Quaternary Science records, but there are ongoing uncertainties as to both the earliest Europeans’ specific survival strategies and behaviours, and the character of their dispersals into Europe. In short, how sustained and ‘successful’ were the individual phases of European occupation by Lower Palaeolithic hominins and what sorts of ‘human’ where they?
    Keywords: Science ; Life Sciences ; Evolution ; History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This open access volume is the first academic book on the controversial issue of including spiritual care in integrated electronic medical records (EMR). Based on an international study group comprising researchers from Europe (The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland), the United States, Canada, and Australia, this edited collection provides an overview of different charting practices and experiences in various countries and healthcare contexts. Encompassing case studies and analyses of theological, ethical, legal, healthcare policy, and practical issues, the volume is a groundbreaking reference for future discussion, research, and strategic planning for inter- or multi-faith healthcare chaplains and other spiritual care providers involved in the new field of documenting spiritual care in EMR. Topics explored among the chapters include: Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment Charting Spiritual Care: Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Aspects Palliative Chaplain Spiritual Assessment Progress Notes Charting Spiritual Care: Ethical Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care in Digital Health: Analyses and Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care: The Emerging Role of Chaplaincy Records in Global Health Care is an essential resource for researchers in interprofessional spiritual care and healthcare chaplaincy, healthcare chaplains and other spiritual caregivers (nurses, physicians, psychologists, etc.), practical theologians and health ethicists, and church and denominational representatives.
    Keywords: Health Services Research ; Religion and Health ; Religion and Psychology ; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics ; Health Sciences ; Sociology of Religion ; Psychology of Religion and Spirituality ; healthcare chaplaincy ; spiritual care ; spirituality and health ; professionalization of spiritual care ; integration of spirituality in health care ; electronic medical records (EMR) ; pastoral confidentiality ; models of recording spiritual care ; outcome-oriented chapliancy ; digital health ; health ethics ; religion and health ; interprofessional spiritual care ; legal and theoretical perspectives ; open access ; Health systems & services ; Religious issues & debates ; Psychology ; Religion: general ; Bioethics ; Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics
    Language: English
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    punctum books
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: "The idea of the Anthropocene often generates an overwhelming sense of abjection or apathy. It occupies the imagination as a set of circumstances that counterpose individual human actors against ungraspable scales and impossible odds. There is much at stake in how we understand the implications of this planetary imagination, and how to plot paths from this present to other less troubling futures. With Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon, the editors aim at a resource helpful for this task: a catalog of ways to pluralize and radicalize our picture of the Anthropocene, to make it speak more effectively to a wider range of contemporary human societies and circumstances. Organized as a lexicon for troubled times, each entry in this book recognizes the gravity of the global forecasts that invest the present with its widespread air of crisis, urgency, and apocalyptic possibility. Each also finds value in smaller scales of analysis, capturing the magnitude of an epoch in the unique resonances afforded by a single word. The Holocene may have been the age in which we learned our letters, but we are faced now with circumstances that demand more experimental plasticity. Alternative ways of perceiving a moment can bring a halt to habitual action, opening a space for slantwise movements through the shock of the unexpected. Each small essay in this lexicon is meant to do just this, drawing from anthropology, literary studies, artistic practice, and other humanistic endeavors to open up the range of possible action by contributing some other concrete way of seeing the present. Each entry proposes a different way of conceiving this Earth from some grounded place, always in a manner that aims to provoke a different imagination of the Anthropocene as a whole. The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing every thing and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms of geographic scale and temporal duration. Pronouncing an epoch in our own name may seem the ultimate act of apex species self-aggrandizement, a picture of the world as dominated by ourselves. Can we learn new ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? This lexicon is meant as a site to imagine and explore what human beings can do differently with this time, and with its sense of peril."
    Keywords: anthropocene ; cultural studies ; climate change ; ecopolitics ; environmental humanities ; nature ; extinction ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Language: English
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    Bielefeld University Press | transcript Verlag - Bielefeld University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Community and individual experiences in the fields of art and religion are often experienced and described as "inexpressible", as immediate and at the same time, as fluctuating and fleeting. They exceed the order of space and time - and yet are conditioned by the concrete ritual dimensions of the performance and execution and the sensual (aesthetic) experience. The interdisciplinary contributions of the volume are dedicated to these experiences and their representations in various media such as Dance, music and film and especially ask about transcultural dimensions. The central example is the interface between Germany and South Asia.
    Description: Gemeinschaftliche und individuelle Erfahrungen in den Bereichen der Kunst und der Religion werden oft als »unaussprechlich« erlebt und beschrieben, als unmittelbar und gleichzeitig, als schwankend und flüchtig. Sie überschreiten die Ordnung von Raum und Zeit – und sind doch bedingt durch die konkreten rituellen Dimensionen der Auf- und Ausführungen und des sinnlichen (aisthetischen) Erlebens. Die interdisziplinären Beiträge des Bandes widmen sich diesen Erfahrungen und ihren Repräsentationen in verschiedenen Medien wie z.B. Tanz, Musik und Film und fragen besonders nach transkulturellen Dimensionen. Zentrales Beispiel ist dabei die Schnittstelle zwischen Deutschland und Südasien.
    Keywords: Religious Experience ; Media ; Dance ; Culture ; Contemporary History ; Germany ; South Asia ; Film ; Music ; Perception ; Religion ; Aesthetics ; Social Relations ; Religious Studies ; Cultural Anthropology ; Interculturalism ; Religiöse Erfahrung ; Medien ; Tanz ; Kultur ; Zeitgeschichte ; Deutschland ; Südasien ; Film ; Musik ; Wahrnehmung ; Religion ; Ästhetik ; Sozialität ; Religionswissenschaft ; Kulturanthropologie ; Interkulturalität ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general
    Language: German
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    University of Michigan Press | U of M Center For Japanese Studies
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Society and social sciences;Politics and government;Sociology
    Keywords: Society and social sciences ; Politics and government ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    University of California Press | University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations.  “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough  “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki  “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo  MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Emigration & Immigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book provides an exhaustive picture of the role that annulment conflicts play in the EU multilevel system. Based on a rich dataset of annulment actions since the 1960s and a number of in-depth case studies, it explores the political dimension of annulment litigation, which has become an increasingly relevant judicial tool in the struggle over policy content and decision-making competences. The book covers the motivations of actors to turn policy conflicts into annulment actions, the emergence of multilevel actors’ litigant configurations, the impact of actors’ constellations on success in court, as well as the impact of annulment actions on the multilevel policy conflicts they originate from.
    Keywords: Political science ; European Union ; Public policy ; Law—Europe ; Political science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: This book focuses on the coordination between family life and professional career under the condition of repeated mobilities. It analyses the division between the labour force work and the care work of couples of highly-skilled migrants settling in either Switzerland or Germany. A mutually exclusive model provides an innovative understanding of gendered hierarchies in career achievement. The male partners operate three parallel elements: an upward professional career, a family-life implying child(ren), and maintaining their availability to further unplanned relocations. The female partners can only coordinate two of these concurrently. In fact, the male partners combine the three elements by taking advantage of specific, and mostly invisible, care work that the female partner provides.
    Keywords: FAM ; Migration, immigration and emigration ; Gender studies: men and boys ; Sociology: family and relationships ; Gender studies: women and girls ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development::VF Family & health::VFV Family & relationships
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Illuminated documents have long been treated as research stepchildren. Not least because of the use of digital aids, they have increasingly come into the public eye in the past decade. The newly awakened research interest focuses on the changed performativity of certificates through the addition of decorative elements. The richly illustrated volume presents essays by researchers from eleven countries who examine illuminated certificates from different perspectives of their disciplines.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; General ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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  • 88
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    Carl Grossmann Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The decision on conditional release from prison (Art. 86 – 89 SCC) is one of the most important decisions in the Swiss criminal justice system. At stake are both the freedom of the convicted person, who is to be given a chance of reintegration by the conditional release, and the security of the general public, which must be protected against the commission of further criminal offences. Despite its significance for convicted persons and the society as a whole, the practice of conditional release is scarcely discussed in Swiss literature: What is the procedure for conditional release? How do the opinions of the parties involved in the procedure influence its outcome? How do the persons responsible for conditional release exercise the discretion left to them by the law? The clarification of these issues seems all the more important given that in recent decades the number of conditional release decisions has decreased and there are considerable cantonal differences. The focus of the dissertation is on the process of decision-making by the responsible authorities in Switzerland, in particular the implementation of the right to be heard, as well as the criteria which influence the decision on the conditional release of offenders. The research is based on a representative sample of 943 criminal files from the cantons of Berne, Fribourg, Lucerne and Vaud, which are evaluated using statistical methods (logistic regression). The results of the investigation show that the responsible authorities select only a few aspects from a large number of case characteristics that largely determine their decision-making process. The decision is strongly influenced by the residency status of the convicted person, his criminal record and the opinion of the prison authorities. The legal prognosis is therefore primarily based on static factors from the past, whereas dynamic factors which the convicted person or the involved actors could influence are more secondary. In addition, it emerges that the temporal and cantonal differences in the release rates do not relate to a differing prison population, as it most often assumed, but to a different way of implementing the law and appreciating the profile of prisoners – following a more restrictive or liberal understanding and practice of the release decision – depending on time and canton. The study shows as well that there is no uniform practice for the procedure: the use of risk assessment tools, the opinions of the prison management or the organisation of the right to be heard are extremely disparate and therefore the right of the sentenced person to an equal and fair trial is not guaranteed to the same extent everywhere. The work concludes with a legal classification of the findings as well as with criminal policy considerations and proposals for a more precise reformulation of Art. 86 SCC. These should contribute to a more harmonious and broader application across cantonal borders and therefore strengthen conditional release as an efficient instrument of crime prevention.
    Description: "Der Entscheid über die bedingte Entlassung aus dem Strafvollzug (Art. 86 – 89 StGB) ist einer der wichtigsten Entscheide in der Strafrechtspflege. Auf dem Spiel stehen sowohl die Freiheit der verurteilten Person, die durch die bedingte Entlassung eine Chance auf Wiedereingliederung erhalten soll, als auch die Sicherheit der Allgemeinheit, die vor der Begehung weiterer Straftaten geschützt werden muss. Ungeachtet ihrer kriminalpolitischen Bedeutung ist die bedingte Entlassung in der schweizerischen Literatur bisher kaum beleuchtet worden: Wie ist das Verfahren bei der bedingten Entlassung ausgestaltet? Wie beeinflussen die an der Entscheidungsfindung mitbeteiligten Akteure deren Ergebnis? Wie füllen die zum Entscheid aufgerufenen Personen den Ermessensspielraum aus, den das Gesetz ihnen offenlässt? Die Klärung dieser Fragen erscheint umso wichtiger, als die Häufigkeit der bedingten Entlassung in den letzten Dekaden abgenommen hat und erhebliche Unterschiede in der kantonalen Anwendungspraxis bestehen. Mit der Dissertation soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, diese Forschungslücke zu schliessen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen der Prozess der vollzugsbehördlichen Entscheidungsfindung, insbesondere die Umsetzung des Anspruchs auf rechtliches Gehör, sowie die Prognosekriterien, die den Entscheid über die bedingte Entlassung von Straftätern beeinflussen. Als Basis dient eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 943 Vollzugsakten aus den Kantonen Bern, Freiburg, Luzern und Waadt, die mit Hilfe von statistischen Verfahren (logistische Regression) ausgewertet werden. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Vollzugsbehörden aus einer grossen Zahl von Fall‐ und Tätermerkmalen nur wenige Aspekte auswählen, die ihr Entscheidungskalkül weitgehend bestimmen. Ihr Entscheid ist stark geprägt vom ausländerrechtlichen Status des Verurteilten, dem kriminellen Vorleben sowie der Stellungnahme der Anstaltsleitung. Für die Legalprognose kommen mithin primär statische, in der Vergangenheit liegende Faktoren zum Tragen, wogegen dynamische Faktoren, die der Verurteilte oder die am Vollzug mitbeteiligten Akteure beeinflussen und gestalten könnten, eher sekundär sind. Überdies kristallisiert sich heraus, dass die zeitlichen und kantonalen Divergenzen in den Entlassungsquoten nicht nur auf die abweichende Gefangenenpopulation zurückgeführt werden können, wie häufig vermutet wird, sondern ebenso auf je nach Zeit und Kanton ungleich hohe Anforderungen an die Legalprognose. Hinzu kommt, dass die Umsetzung des Verfahrens bei der bedingten Entlassung, die Verwendung von Instrumenten für die Risikoeinschätzung, die Stellungnahmen der Anstaltsleitung oder die Ausgestaltung des rechtlichen Gehörs, äusserst disparat ausfällt und mithin das Recht der verurteilten Person auf ein gleiches und faires Verfahren nicht überall in gleichem Umfang gewährleistet ist. Die Arbeit schliesst mit einer Einordnung der empirischen Befunde sowie mit kriminalpolitischen Überlegungen und Vorschlägen für eine präzisierende Neuformulierung von Art. 86 StGB. Diese sollen zu einer über die Sprach- und Kantonsgrenzen hinweg harmonischeren und breiteren Anwendung beitragen und die bedingte Entlassung als probates Mittel der Kriminalprävention stärken."
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law ; Criminal Procedure Law ; Conditional release ; decision-making ; criminal justice system ; socio-legal studies ; resettlement ; quantitative methods ; Recht ; Strafrecht ; Strafprozessordnung ; Bedingte Entlassung ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Strafvollzug ; Rechtstatsachenforschung ; Übergangsmanagement ; quantitative Methoden ; thema EDItEUR::L Law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNF Criminal law: procedure and offences::LNFX Criminal procedure
    Language: German
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Nachhaltigkeit ist allgegenwärtig. Der Begriff erscheint in politischen Debatten, in den Medien, in Unternehmensphilosophien und im Supermarkt. In Folge erscheint der Begriff Nachhaltigkeit unscharf und beliebig. Auch in der Wissenschaft existieren unterschiedliche Konzepte und Definitionen, doch diesen gemeinsam ist die Idee von Dauerhaftigkeit, die auf die Forschungsobjekte bezogen wird. Der vorliegende Band versucht „Nachhaltigkeit“ in der Geschichte aufzuspüren. Er folgt der Frage, ob und wie Menschen in der Vergangenheit die eigenen Bedürfnisse an Ressourcen befriedigten und gleichzeitig Rücksicht auf zukünftige Generationen nahmen. Das Buch öffnet dabei ein breites Spektrum an Fallbeispielen, die von den antiken Griechen bis zu Debatten über den Schutz des Waldes im 20. Jahrhundert reichen und neben der Geschichtswissenschaft auch die Archäologie, die Literaturwissenschaft und die Ökologie einbeziehen. Der Sammelband beruht auf Vorträgen, die im Rahmen der zentralen Ringvorlesung des Sommersemesters 2018 an der Universität Göttingen gehalten wurden.
    Description: Nachhaltigkeit ist allgegenwärtig. Der Begriff erscheint in politischen Debatten, in den Medien, in Unternehmensphilosophien und im Supermarkt. In Folge erscheint der Begriff Nachhaltigkeit unscharf und beliebig. Auch in der Wissenschaft existieren unterschiedliche Konzepte und Definitionen, doch diesen gemeinsam ist die Idee von Dauerhaftigkeit, die auf die Forschungsobjekte bezogen wird. Der vorliegende Band versucht „Nachhaltigkeit“ in der Geschichte aufzuspüren. Er folgt der Frage, ob und wie Menschen in der Vergangenheit die eigenen Bedürfnisse an Ressourcen befriedigten und gleichzeitig Rücksicht auf zukünftige Generationen nahmen. Das Buch öffnet dabei ein breites Spektrum an Fallbeispielen, die von den antiken Griechen bis zu Debatten über den Schutz des Waldes im 20. Jahrhundert reichen und neben der Geschichtswissenschaft auch die Archäologie, die Literaturwissenschaft und die Ökologie einbeziehen. Der Sammelband beruht auf Vorträgen, die im Rahmen der zentralen Ringvorlesung des Sommersemesters 2018 an der Universität Göttingen gehalten wurden.
    Keywords: sustainability ; efficiency ; land use ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 90
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    University of California Press | University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: "Documenting Death is a gripping ethnographic account of the deaths of pregnant women in a hospital in a low-resource setting in Tanzania. Through an exploration of everyday ethics and care practices on a local maternity ward, anthropologist Adrienne E. Strong untangles the reasons Tanzania has achieved so little sustainable success in reducing maternal mortality rates, despite global development support. Growing administrative pressures to document good care serve to preclude good care in practice while placing frontline healthcare workers in moral and ethical peril. Maternal health emergencies expose the precarity of hospital social relations and accountability systems, which, together, continue to lead to the deaths of pregnant women. “This powerful and compelling analysis of maternal mortality in rural Tanzania is a groundbreaking addition to scholarship on Africa and its public health challenges. Adrienne E. Strong presents a rich ethnography of hospital function and dysfunction, to which the voices of patients and staff add poignant detail. The ways in which state and global health policy shape maternal health and well-being frame individual narratives in a memorable testimony.” Carolyn Sargent, Professor of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis Documenting Death is an arresting tale of life and death on a busy maternity ward in rural Tanzania. Drawing on a remarkable period of ethnographic fieldwork, Strong evocatively details the predicament of nurse midwives caught in the ‘biobureaucracy’ of global health projects and their audit trails. A significant contribution to medical anthropology and critical global health scholarship.” Margaret MacDonald, Associate Professor of Anthropology, York University"
    Keywords: Health & Fitness ; Health Care Issues ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; General ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VF Family and health::VFD Popular medicine and health ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Heidelberg University Publishing (heiUP) | heiUP
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The profession of architect underwent the decisive stages of its professionalisation during the early modern period of the Holy Roman Empire (approx. 1500-1800). As a rule, multiple training courses in the artistic, military and scientific fields prepared the architects for a broad range of professional tasks. As “Baumeister” (head architects) with building authorities, they introduced an efficient division of labour in design, planning, execution and administration, and were sometimes able to pursue remarkable careers. This volume examines the cultural, social and administrative factors that contributed to the artistic work of architects.
    Description: Der Beruf des Architekten durchlief im Heiligen Römischen Reich bereits in der Frühen Neuzeit (ca. 1500–1800) die entscheidenden Stadien seiner Professionalisierung. In der Regel bereiteten mehrfache Ausbildungen im künstlerischen, handwerklichen, militärischen und wissenschaftlichen Bereich die Architekten auf ein breites Berufsfeld vor. Als Baumeister in den Bauämtern führten sie eine effiziente Arbeitsteilung bei Entwurf, Planung, Ausführung und Verwaltung ein und konnten zuweilen bemerkenswerte Karrieren durchlaufen. In diesem Band werden die kulturellen, sozialen und administrativen Faktoren beleuchtet, die das künstlerische Schaffen der Architekten bedingten.
    Keywords: History of Architecture ; Professional History ; Early Modern Period ; Architekturgeschichte ; Berufsgeschichte ; Frühe Neuzeit ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMX History of architecture
    Language: German
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  • 92
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.
    Keywords: Structural Materials ; Metallic Materials ; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials ; Materials Engineering ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Metals and Alloys ; Ceramics ; Steel-Matrix Composite ; Austenitic Stainless Steels ; Powder Metallurgy ; Fracture Toughness ; Mechanical Modeling ; Melt Flow Behavior ; CrMnNi Steels ; Ceramic Casting ; Melt Infiltration ; Open Access ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Metals technology / metallurgy ; Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies::TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCQ Ceramic and glass technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    University of Michigan Press | The University of Michigan Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Between December 1953 and June 1954, the elite think-tank the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) joined prominent figures in International Relations, including Pennsylvania’s Robert Strausz-Hupé, Yale’s Arnold Wolfers, the Rockefeller Foundation’s William Thompson, government adviser Dorothy Fosdick, and nuclear strategist William Kaufmann. They spent seven meetings assessing approaches to world politics—from the “realist” theory of Hans Morgenthau to theories of imperialism of Karl Marx and V.I. Lenin—to discern basic elements of a theory of international relations. The study group’s materials are an indispensable window to the development of IR theory, illuminating the seeds of the theory-practice nexus in Cold War U.S. foreign policy. Historians of International Relations recently revised the standard narrative of the field’s origins, showing that IR witnessed a sharp turn to theoretical consideration of international politics beginning around 1950, and remained preoccupied with theory. Taking place in 1953–54, the CFR study group represents a vital snapshot of this shift This book situates the CFR study group in its historical and historiographical contexts, and offers a biographical analysis of the participants. It includes seven preparatory papers on diverse theoretical approaches, penned by former Berkeley political scientist George A. Lipsky, followed by the digest of discussions from the study group meetings. American Power and International Theory at the Council on Foreign Relations, 1953–54 offers new insights into the early development of IR as well as the thinking of prominent elites in the early years of the Cold War.
    Keywords: diplomacy ; politics and government ; foreign relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Schutz und Andacht im Islam befasst sich mit handschriftlichen Dokumenten in Rollenform, die zwischen dem 14. und 19. Jh. entstanden sind. Die vorgestellten Belegstücke stammen aus unterschiedlichen geographischen Kontexten: a. Städtedreieck Tabriz-Konya-Bagdad; b. persischer Kulturraum; c. Osmanisches Reich. Diese Rollen waren bei Angehörigen von Männerbünden (Sufi-Orden, Futuwwa- und Aḫī-Gruppierungen, Gilden) beliebt. Die Studie untersucht das auf diesen Dokumenten verwendete textliche und ge¬stalterische Vokabular. Neben Passagen aus dem Koran (auch vollständige Abschriften) lassen sich oft Gebete und weitere Texte frommen Inhalts feststellen. Gelegentlich finden sich Hinweise, dass die Dokumente aus heterodoxen Umfeldern stammen. Die Studie unterstreicht ausserdem den hohen kunsthistorischen Wert der vorgestellten Belegstücke, die oft für Angehörige von gesellschaftlichen Eliten angefertigt worden sind. Devotion and Protection in Islam deals with hand-written documents in the scroll format dating from the 14th–19th centuries. These documents can be attributed to various geographic contexts: a. the triangle between the cities of Tabriz, Konya and Baghdad; b. the Persianate world; c. the Ottoman Empire. These scrolls were appreciated by members of different associations ( Männerbünde; e.g. Sufi orders, Futuwwa and Aḫī groups). This study analyses the textual and ornamental vocabulary applied on the scrolls. The copied texts mostly comprise passages from the Quran and prayers. Certain features suggest that such scrolls were often produced in heterodox environments. Additionally, this study underscores the high art-historical value of these documents, particularly appreciated by members of the ruling elite.
    Keywords: Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: “Radiation in the Cold War” investigates the way that politics, science, and society dealt with radiation in Switzerland. The study examines how Switzerland prepared for a future atomic war as well as for nuclear uses in everday life. The history of radiation and radiation protection sheds light on the political culture of Cold War Switzerland that so far has only received little attention.
    Keywords: The Cold War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts
    Language: German
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: From the mid-1980s, meat consumption in Italy and the western world have stabilised and, in the face of a well-established food security, we have witnessed a changed sensitivity for ethical issues, such as animal welfare and environmental impacts of farms. Analysing the sustainability of meat and cured meats means studying in the most objective way possible different topics concerning both the consumer and the livestock production. This volume presents an interdisciplinary study to describe the “5 faces” of meat sustainability: nutrition, environmental impacts and the circular economy applied to farms and industry, food security and animal welfare, the economic aspects of supply chains and the fight against food waste.
    Keywords: meat consumption ; sustainability ; nutrition, food safety ; environmental impact ; animal welfare ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFS Globalization ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDF Food manufacturing & related industries
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Communicative efficiency can be measured with conventions. Besides linguistic means, pictures and diagrams are also an expression of such conventions. In the practice of technical editing, this refers to multimodal text types with technical language elements, photographs, technical drawings, various types of diagrams, etc. Alexander Holste uses the example of the text type specification sheet to show how an inter-disciplinary team of engineers, lawyers, business economists, etc. negotiates these conventions. The different, technically justified ideas of the text type conventions, especially with regard to the choice of multimodal means of expression, become clearly apparent. Requirement specifications are created in the context of the tendering of public contracts by public authorities. Since such contracts represent an important field of work for the companies involved, the efficient design of the specifications is highly relevant from a business management point of view. Alexander Holste, Dr. phil., studied German as well as business administration in Essen and Turin and headed the technical editorial department of a public transport company before he started teaching professional and scientific writing at the University of Duisburg-Essen in 2009, especially for engineering scientists. His research interests lie in the fields of semiotics, text linguistics, technical communication and writing didactics.
    Keywords: communication ; semiotics ; efficiency ; communicative efficiency ; semiotic efficiency ; Language-image-text types ; Language-image-text varieties ; textual design ; technical editing ; technical writing ; technical tendering, technical tenders ; text type requirement specification ; text type conventions ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies
    Language: German
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  • 98
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: How is the handling of contested “objects” from the German colonial era shaped in ethnological Museums in Germany and Cameroon? This ethnographic study connects, for the first time, approaches from ethnology, (international) law, (art) history and museology which constitute the multidisciplinary field of “return” to deal with this question. Two current return claims of things from Cameroon at ethnological museums in Munich and Berlin take centre stage: Tange/Schiffschnabel and Ngonnso’/Schalenträgerfigur. The reconstruction of the cultural biographies of the contested items documents their part as points of intersection in complex networks of relations and stakeholders from the 19th century to this day. These networks connect people and institutions in Cameroon and Germany and their diverse conceptions and claims on these things in a versatile manner. Return claims, according to the thesis, appear as a magnifying lens which discloses diverging conceptions of things and ontologies.
    Keywords: return claim ; diverging conception ; Cameroon ; Germany ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: German
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  • 99
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    Open Book Publishers
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: "This ground-breaking collection of essays examines the scope and consequences of digital vigilantism – a phenomenon emerging on a global scale, which sees digital audiences using social platforms to shape social and political life. Longstanding forms of moral scrutiny and justice seeking are disseminated through our contemporary media landscape, and researchers are increasingly recognising the significance of societal impacts effected by digital media. The authors engage with a range of cross-disciplinary perspectives in order to explore the actions of a vigilant digital audience – denunciation, shaming, doxing – and to consider the role of the press and other public figures in supporting or contesting these activities. In turn, the volume illuminates several tensions underlying these justice seeking activities – from their capacity to reproduce categorical forms of discrimination, to the diverse motivations of the wider audiences who participate in vigilant denunciations. This timely volume presents thoughtful case studies drawn both from high-profile Anglo-American contexts, and from developments in regions that have received less coverage in English-language scholarship. It is distinctive in its focus on the contested boundary between policing and entertainment, and on the various contexts in which the desire to seek retribution converges with the desire to consume entertainment. Introducing Vigilant Audiences will be of great value to researchers and students of sociology, politics, criminology, critical security studies, and media and communication. It will be of further interest to those who wish to understand recent cases of citizen-led justice seeking in their global context."
    Keywords: digital vigilantism ; digital audience ; social platform ; social life ; political life ; contemporary media landscape ; digital media ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UD Digital lifestyle ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides
    Language: English
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    University of Michigan Press | U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES
    Publication Date: 2023-02-14
    Description: Water transport is a major feature of the traditional Chinese economy because of its magnitude and comparative efficiency. Yet this feature has all too often been ignored by scholars, with the notable exception of Japanese scholars. We cannot hope to gain any real conception of how the Chinese economy worked in the past, or works now, until we have a clearer picture of the circulation of men and commodities. In this circulation, water transport has been and is of crucial importance. Transport in Transition collects and translates notable Japanese articles to throw some light on the evolution of traditional junk shipping during a key transitional phase, 1900–1940, when it was absorbing the influences of various forms of modernization and on the eve of its major organizational transformation under the direction of the Communisty Party. The articles chosen concentrate on two main themes: the institutional organization of the shipping business, and the forms of ownership and operation. They will be of value to business historians and economic sociologists generally as well as to economic historians interested in transport. Several features of the Chinese economy are sharply illuminated. Most striking is the extent of regional variation. North and central Chinese shipping are shown to have differed both in their methods of operaiton and organization. Also noteworthy is the enduring strength of some traditional features of shipping operation and business practice. An unexpected feature of this endurance was the strength of traditional shipping in the face of steady competition from all forms of modern transport and from reputdely more efficient forms of business management.
    Keywords: Society and social sciences ; Veterinary medicine: infectious diseases and therapeutics
    Language: English
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