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  • Books  (6,152)
  • English  (6,152)
  • 2005-2009  (1,418)
  • 1980-1984  (2,127)
  • 1965-1969  (1,490)
  • 1960-1964  (1,115)
  • 1930-1934  (14)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The model-based archaeology of socionatural systems (2007)
    Santa Fe, NM : School for Advanced Research Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 18.91705
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 290 S., [8] Bl , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt , 26 cm
    Edition: 1. ed
    ISBN: 1930618875 (pa) , 9781930618879 (pa)
    Series Statement: A School Of Advanced Research Resident Scholar Book
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9781930618879.pdf
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Martian gullies and their earth analogues (2006)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(467)
    In: Geological Society Special Publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Gullies on Mars resemble terrestrial gullies involved in the transport of abundant material down steep slopes by liquid water. However, liquid water should not be stable at the Martian surface. The articles in this volume present the two main opposing theories for Martian gully formation: climate-driven melting of surficial water-ice deposits and seasonal dry-ice sublimation. The evidence presented ranges from remote-sensing observations, to experimental simulations, to comparison with Earth analogues. The opposing hypotheses imply either that Mars has been unusually wet in the last few million years or that it has remained a cold dry desert – both with profound implications for understanding the water budget of Mars and its habitability. The debate questions the limits of remote-sensing data and how we interpret active processes on extra-terrestrial planetary surfaces, even beyond those on Mars, as summarized by the review paper at the beginning of the book.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 434 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 978-1-78620-360-1
    Series Statement: Geological Society Special Publication 467
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/467/1
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Friction : an ethnography of global connection (2005)
    Princeton [u.a.] : Princeton Univ. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 18.91773
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 321 S. , Ill
    ISBN: 0691120641 (alk. paper) , 9780691120645 (alk. paper) , 069112065X (pbk.) , 9780691120652 (pbk.)
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin051/2004043422.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0654/2004043422-d.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0654/2004043422-t.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0734/2004043422-b.html
    URL: https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/CH0018BD1CF2836C9E094C1257846002A2DD0.pdf
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    The effectiveness and influences of the navigation ice booms on the St. Marys River (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/4
    In: CRREL Report, 84-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice problems developed in the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, portion of the St. Marys River because of winter navigation. Passing ships and natural influences moved ice from Soo Harbor into Little Rapids Cut in sufficient quantities to jam, cause high water in the harbor, and prevent further ship passage. After physical model and engineering studies, two ice booms with a total span of 1375 ft (419 m) with a 250-ft (76-m) navigation opening between were installed at the head of Little Rapids Cut in 1975. A modest field study program on the booms was conducted for the ensuring four winters to determine ice and boom interaction and the effects of ship passages on the system. Forces on some anchors were recorded and supplemental data were taken by local personnel. Several reports have been written about the booms' early operations. This paper presents four-year summary of the main effects of the booms on ice and ship interaction and vice versa. Throughout the four winter seasons, the small quantities of ice lost over and between the booms were manageable. Ships usually passed through the boom without influencing the boom force levels, but at time they brought about large changes. One boom needed strengthening, and artificial islands were added for upstream ice stability. Coast Guard icebreakers were also a necessary part of winter navigation in this area.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-4
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA139908
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9281
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Force distribution in a fragmented ice cover (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/7
    In: CRREL Report, 84-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments were conducted in CRREL's refrigerated flume facility to examine the two-dimensional force distribution of a floating, fragmented ice cover restrained by a boom in a simulated river channel. To determine the force distribution, a vertically walled channel, instrumented for measuring normal and tangential forces, and an instrumented restraining boom were installed in a 40.0- by 1.3-m flume. Two sizes of polyethylene blocks and two similar sizes of fresh-water ice blocks were tested using water velocities ranging from 10 to 30 cm/s. The forces measured at the instrumented boom leveled off with increasing cover length. The contribution of the increasing shear forces developed along theshorelines to this leveling off in the data was clearly evident. The shear coefficients of the polyethylene blocks averaged 0.43, and the freshwater ice averaged 0.044. The normal force measured along the instrumented shoreline could not be related simply by a K coefficient to the longitudinal force; another expression was required, with a term being a function of the cover thickness and independent of the undercover shear stress or cover length. By adding this term, good agreement was then found between the measured and predicted values of the boom forces and the shoreline normal and shear forces
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-7
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a142100.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9284
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Geosimulation : automata-based modeling of urban phenomena (2005)
    Chichester : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK T 060-18-91853
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIII, 287 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Edition: Reprinted
    ISBN: 0470843497 , 9780470843499
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/wiley041/2004004938.html
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1. Introduction to urban Geosimulation ; 2. Formalizing Geosimulation with Geographic Automata Systems (GAS) ; 3. System Theory, Geography, and Urban Modelling ; 4. Modelling urban land usage with cellular automata ; 5. Modelling Urban Dynamics with Multi-Agent Systems ; 6. Finale: Epistemology of Geosimulation
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ice forces on rigid, vertical, cylindrical structures (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/33
    In: CRREL Report, 84-33
    Description / Table of Contents: A small-scale experimental study was conducted to characterize the magnitude and nature of ice forces during continuous crushing of ice against a rigid, vertical, cylindrical structure. The diameter of the structure was varied from 50 to 500 mm, the relative velocity from 10 to 210 mm/s, and the ice thickness from 50 to 80 mm. The ice tended to fail repetitively, with the frequency of failure termed the characteristic frequency. The characteristic frequency varied linearly with velocity and to a small extent with structure diameter. The size of the damage zone was 10 to 50% of the ice thickness, with an average value of 30%. The maximum and mean normalized ice forces were strongly dependent on the aspect ratio (structure diameter/ice thickness). The forces increased significantly with decreasing aspect ratio, but were constant for large aspect ratios. The maximum normalized forces appeared to be independent of strain rate. The effect of velocity on the normalized ice forces depended on structure diameter. The mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice crushing depended on both aspect ratio and ice-structure relative velocity. The energy required to crush the ice for the one failure cycle was obtained from the ice force records for each test, and was compared to the energy calculated from an idealized sawtooth shape for the force record, the maximum force, velocity and characteristic frequency data. Originator - supplied keywords included: Cold regions, Cold regions construction, Cylindrical test structures, Ice, Ice crushing, Ice forces, and Test facilities.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-33
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9351
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Test objectives Experimental setup and procedures Facilities Test fixture Data acquisiton system Ice sheets Measurement of ice properties Daily test summary Experimental results and discussion Observations Ice force records Frequency of ice force variations Discussion Maximum crushing forces Mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice in crushing Failure energy of ice Ratio of maximum force to mean force Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Data for continuous crushing tests
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Case studies and theory development in the social sciences (2005)
    Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 19.91995
    Description / Table of Contents: Winner of the 2006 Giovanni Sartori Book Award, given by the American Political Science Association's Qualitative Methods Section. The use of case studies to build and test theories in political science and the other social sciences has increased in recent years. Many scholars have argued that the social sciences rely too heavily on quantitative research and formal models and thus have attempted to develop and refine rigorous methods for using case studies. This text presents a comprehensive analysis of research methods using case studies and examines the place of case studies in social science methodology. It argues that case studies, statistical methods, and formal models are complementary rather than competitive. The book explains how to design case study research that will produce results useful to policymakers and it emphasizes the importance of developing policy-relevant theories. It offers three major contributions to case study methodology: an emphasis on the importance of within-case analysis, a detailed discussion of process tracing, and development of the concept of typological theories. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences will be particularly useful to graduate students and scholars in social science methodology and the philosophy of science, as well as to those designing new research projects, and will contribute greatly to the broader debate about scientific methods.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xv, 331 Seiten , 24cm
    ISBN: 0262072572 , 9780262072571 , 0262572222 , 9780262572224
    Series Statement: BCSIA studies in international security
    URL: http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/31F9RZ2B9XL._SL500_AA300_.jpg
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Record of activities (past and ongoing) April 1983-October 1984 ; II. Planned activities October 1984-October 1985 (1984)
    Bremerhaven : Federal Republic of Germany, National Commitee on Antarctic Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-6
    In: Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 6
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 38 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 6
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Record of activities (past and ongoing) April 1980-October 1981 ; II. Planned activities October 1981-October 1982 (1981)
    Bremerhaven : Federal Republic of Germany, National Commitee on Antarctic Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-3
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 3
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 3
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.
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  • 11
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing) April 1981-October 1982 ; II. Planned activities October 1982-October 1983 (1982)
    Bremerhaven : Federal Republic of Germany, National Commitee on Antarctic Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-4
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 4
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 24 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 4
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.
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  • 12
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Directions for magnetic measurements (1930)
    Washington : U.S. Government Printing Office
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP S 2672
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 130 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Second edition
    Series Statement: U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey Serial No. 166
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    An integrated study of the structure and thermomechanical properties of the European lithosphere (2009)
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 19.92455
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 178 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9789090240619
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Global glacier changes : facts and figures (2008)
    Zürich : World Glacier Monitoring Service
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92411
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 88 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9789280728989
    URL: http://www.grid.unep.ch/glaciers/pdfs/glaciers.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword by UNEP Foreword by WGMS Summary 1 Introduction 2 Glaciers and climate 3 Global distribution of glaciers and ice caps 4 Glacier fluctuation series 5 Global glacier changes 6 Regional glacier changes 6.1 New Guinea 6.2 Africa 6.3 New Zealand 6.4 Scandinavia 6.5 Central Europe 6.6 South America 6.7 Northern Asia 6.8 Antarctica 6.9 Central Asia 6.10 North America 6.11 Arctic Islands 7 Conclusions References Appendix 1 - National Correspondents of the WGMS Appendix 2 - Meta-data on available fluctuation data
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  • 15
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Radar detection of ice wedges in Alaska (1982)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/43
    In: CRREL Report, 82-43
    Description / Table of Contents: The radar signatures of ice wedges and wedge-like structures have been investigated for a variety of soil conditions. The radar used for this study emitted short sinusoidal pulses of about 10-ns duration with an approximate center frequency of 150 MHz. Most of the ice wedges existed at depths of about 1 m in a variety of silty and sandy soils with both frozen and thawed active layers. The position of the wedges was usually identified from corresponding surface features. An artificial ice wedge in coarse-grained alluvium was also profiled as well as wedge-like structures of fine silt in a coarse-grained glacial outwash. All wedges and wedge-like structures produced a hyperbolic reflection profile except when an active layer of thawed, saturated silt was present which eliminated returns from the wedges. The peaks of the hyper-bolas were sometimes masked by reflections from the permafrost table or other material interfaces, and multiple hyperbolas occurred at some sites. The dielectric constant of the host medium was often calculated from the linear portions of the hyperbolas and the results were verified by laboratory time domain reflectometry measurements per-formed on field samples. In some cases, hyperbolic profiles originated at several meters depth suggesting that deep ice wedges could be detected in areas of cold permafrost.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-43
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a124571.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9324
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Equipment used Radar TDR Definitions Massive ice Results Artificial wedge: Norwich, Vermont Ice wedges in sand: Fish Creek, Alaska Ice wedges: Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Ice wedges under thawed fine-grained soils: North Slope, Alaska Wedge-like soil structures: Ft. Greely, Alaska TDR measurements Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Brief discussion of dispersion
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Radar profiling of buried reflectors and the groundwater table (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/11
    In: CRREL Report, 83-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of ground radar performance over thawed and seasonally frozen silts, and sands and gravels containing artificial and natural reflectors were carried out in Alaska. The radar emitted 5-10 ns pulses, the center frequency of which was approximately 150 MHz. The artificial reflectors were metal sheets and discs and the natural reflectors were the groundwater table and interfaces between frozen and thawed material. The water table was profiled at three sites where the subsurface material was coarse-grained alluvium. Dielectric constants of 16 to 18 were measured for the thawed silts, 6 to 7 for the frozen silts and 3 to 9 for the sands and gravels. Signal penetration in the thawed high moisture content silts may be achieved only by use of a lower frequency radar, whereas in the sands and gravels greater depths may be detected with more sophisticated signal processing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-11
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA130225
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9337
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    A comparison of sea ice model results using three different wind forcing fields (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/17
    In: CRREL Report, 83-17
    Description / Table of Contents: A sea ice model was applied to the East Greenland Sea to examine a 60-day ice advance period beginning 1 October 1979. This investigation compares model results using driving geostrophic wind fields derived from three sources. Winds calculated from sea-level pressures obtained from the National Weather Service's operational analysis system resulted in strong velocities concentrated in a narrow band adjacent to the Greenland coast, with moderate velocities elsewhere. The model showed excessive ice transport and thickness build-ups in the coastal region. The extreme pressure gradient parallel to the coast resulted partially from a pressure reduction procedure that was applied to the terrain-following sigma coordinate system to obtain sea-level pressures. Additional sea-level pressure fields were obtained from an independent optimal interpolation analysis that merged FGGE buoys drifting in the Arctic basin with high latitude land stations and from manual digitization of the NWS hand-analyzed Northern Hemisphere Surface Charts. Modeling results using winds from both of these fields agreed favorably.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-17
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA134462
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9339
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 18
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    Series available for loan
    Sensitivity of plant communities and soil flora to seawater spills, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/24
    In: CRREL Report, 83-24
    Description / Table of Contents: Secondary recovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, will involve transporting large quantities of seawater in elevated pipelines across tundra for injection into oil-bearing rock strata. The possibility of a pipeline rupture raises questions concerning the effects of seawater on tundra vegetation and soils. To evaluate the relative sensitivities of different plant communities to seawater, eight sites representing the range of vegetation types along the pipeline route were treated with single, saturating applications of seawater during the summer of 1980. Within a month of the treatment 30 of 37 taxa of shrubs and forbs in the experimental plots developed clear symptoms of stress, while none of the 14 graminoid taxa showed apparent adverse affects. Live vascular plant cover was thus reduced by 89 and 91% in the two dry sites and by 54, 74 and 83% in the three moist sites, respectively. Live(green) bryophyte cover was markedly reduced in the moist experimental sites in 1981. Bryophytes in all but one of the wet-site experimental plots were apparently unaffected by the seawater treatment. Two species of foliose lichens treated with seawater showed marked deterioration in 1981. All other lichen taxa were apparently unaffected by the seawater treatment. The absorption and retention of salts by the soil is inversely related to the soil moisture regime. In the wet sites, conductivities approached prespill levels within about 30 days. In such sites, spills at the experimental volumes are quickly diluted and the salts flushed from the soil. In the dry sites, on the other hand, salts are retained in the soil, apparently concentrating at or near the seasonal thaw line.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-24
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA136619
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9299
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Site selection and preparation Prespill assessment Seawater application Postspill assessment Enzyme assay and analysis of soil flora Results and discussion Soil-solution conductivities Vascular plant response Cryptogam response Site factors and plant response Soil flora and extracellular soil enzymes Limitations of this study Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Plant taxa included in this study
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  • 19
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    Series available for loan
    Erosion of perennially frozen streambanks (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/29
    In: CRREL Report, 83-29
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review indicated that the effects or permafrost on streambank erodibility and stability are not yet understood because systematic and quantitative measurements are seriously lacking. Consequently, general controversy exists as to whether perennially frozen ground inhibits lateral erosion and bankline recession, or whether it increases bank recession rates. Perennially frozen streambanks erode because of modification of the bank's thermal regime by exposure to air and water, and because of various erosional processes. Factors that determine rates and locations of erosion include physical, thermal and structural properties of bank sediments, stream hydraulics and climate. Thermal and physical modification of streambanks may also induce accelerated erosion within permafrost terrain removed from the immediate river environment. Bankline or bluffline recession rates are highly variable, ranging from less than 1 m/year to over 30 m/year and, exceptionally, to over 60 m/year. Long-term observations of the physical and thermal erosion processes and systematic ground surveys and measurements of bankline-bluffline recession rates are needed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-29
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA138410
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9290
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    The role of meteorological services in economic development in Africa : Proceedings of the ECA seminar, Ibadan (Nigeria), 23-28 September 1968. (1969)
    Geneva : Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: MOP 41371 / Mitte
    In: WMO / World Meteorological Organization
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: X, 145 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    The algal genus Lithothamnium and its fossil representatives (1962)
    Golden : Colorado School of Mines
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    Call number: Z 92.0189(57)
    In: Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 111 Seiten , 445 Seiten , 71 Seiten , 171 Seiten , Illustrationen, 1 Karte
    Series Statement: Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines 57, 1-4
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Shoreline erosion processes : Orwell Lake, Minnesota (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/32
    In: CRREL Report, 84-32
    Description / Table of Contents: Orwell Lake, in west-central Minnesota, is a flood-control, water-management reservoir first impounded in 1953. Subsequent erosion of the shoreline and a lack of knowledge of slope erosion processes in this region prompted this study to identify and quantify the processes there. The processes were measured at selected sites between June 1980 and June 1983. Erosion of the banks is primarily caused by three processes: rain, frost thaw, and waves. The first two processes tend to move sediment to the base of the steep slopes, forming 4 relatively gentle surface of accumulation. Wave action then tends to move this sediment into the lake. Analysis of the data collected over three years has confirmed that wave action is the dominant erosion process, providing almost 77% of the erosion during the 1981-82 study year. During the 1981 high pool level, 2,089 Mg of sediment, mostly colluvium, was removed from the lower slopes by wave action striking the 1.62 km of eroding shoreline. More than 4,300 Mg was eroded by waves accompanying the higher pool levels of 1982., During years in which the pool level does not exceed 325.5 m in elevation, the colluvium slope builds up at the expense of the steeper slope. But during successive years with higher pool levels, the resulting thin colluvium is quickly eroded. Erosion of the primary sediment, a compact till, then occurs, forming the S typical nearly vertical banks. In winter the upland surface adjacent to the lake freezes to a depth of between 1 and 2 m, depending on the surface temperature, the mow cover, and the distance from exposed banks. In late winter soil aggregates, released by the sublimation of interstitial ice within the banks, begin to accumulate at the base of the slopes, often veneering snowbanks there. Once thaw begins, slab failure of bank sediment is followed by mudflows and earthflows. Thaw failure at Orwell Lake in the winter of 1981-82 accounted for over 20% of the erosion; in the spring of 1982, 824 Mg was eroded by this process and 746 Mg the following spring. Such slope failure is most intense along north-facing banks and considerably less intense on south-facing banks, where more effective desiccation and sublimation reduce the soil moisture content. Summer rainfall is responsible for the remaining 3% of the total erosion, amounting to 102 Mg in 1981 and 208 Mg in 1982. Because the banks are steep and relatively short, rainwash is infrequent; rainsplash is the most consistent process during the summer, but the infrequent storms during which rainwash occurscause greater total erosion. Erosion by rain has increased in each of the past three summers, largely because of increased precipitation. Infrequent massive slope failures (slumps) have occurred at the east end of the lake where a buried clay rich unit is stratigraphically and topographically positioned to favor such failures. Drought years followed by heavy spring rains probably will result in additional slope failures of this type at the east end. Unless changes are made, the banks at Orwell Lake will continue to recede. Restriction of the pool level to less than 325.5-m elevation is the least expensive solution to the problem.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 110 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-32
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a152952.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9266
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Location Purpose of study Previous work Chapter 2. Methodology Geology Overland erosion Wave erosion Frost penetration and heave Thaw failure Bank recession Ground water Soil moisture Chapter 3. Results Geology Geotechnical properties Overland erosion Wave erosion Freeze-thaw phenomena Ground water fluctuations Other slope failures Chapter 4. Discussion Overland erosion Wave erosion Thaw failure Universal soil loss equation Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions Techniques Erosion processes at Orwell lake Bank recession Literature cited Appendix A1: Average cumulative change of surface at erosion stations #2-12, 1980-81 Appendix A2: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix A3: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1 -12, 198 1-82 Appendix A4: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix AS: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1981-82 Appendix A6: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1 -1 2A, 1982 Appendix B: Dimensions of erosion sections, Orwell Lake, Minnesota Appendix C: Piezometer installation data, Orwell Lake, Minneso
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  • 23
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    A collection of extended abstracts presented at The Symposium on the Radiation Transfer in the Oceans and Remote Sensing of Ocean Properties : IAMAP Third Scientific Assembly 17-28 August 1981, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (1981)
    Boulder, Colorado : International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP), Radiation Commission
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 46646 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 221 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    A collection of extended abstracts presented at The Symposium on the Solar Constant and the Spectral Distribution of Solar Irradiance : IAMAP Third Scientific Assembly 17-28 August 1981, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (1982)
    Boulder, Colorado : International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP), Radiation Commission
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    Call number: MOP 46647 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 162 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Fifth symposium on turbulence, diffusion, and air pollution of the American Meteorological Society : March 9-13, 1981, Atlanta, Ga. (1980)
    Boston, Massachusetts : American Meteorological Society
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    Call number: MOP 46673 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 276 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Subsea permafrost in Harrison Bay, Alaska : an interpretation from seismic data (1982)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/24
    In: CRREL Report, 82-24
    Description / Table of Contents: Velocity data derived from petroleum industry seismic records from Harrison Bay show that high-velocity material ( or = 2 km/s) interpreted to be ice-bonded permafrost is common. In the eastern part of the bay, the depth to high velocity material increases and velocity decreases in an orderly manner with increasing distance from shore until the layer is no longer apparent. The western part of the bay is less orderly, possibly reflecting a different geological and thermal history. This western part may be an inundated section of the low coastal plain characterized by the region north of Teshekpuk Lake, and could have contained deep thaw lakes, creating low velocity zones. Along some seismic lines, the high-velocity material extends approximately 25 km offshore. Two anomalies have been found which could be associated with rapidly degrading permafrost. One is strong attenuation, which was interpreted as an indication of gas in the shallow deposits. The other is the presence of considerable seismic noise, including identifiable small seismic events. The origin of this noise has not been positively established, and it is proposed that it may indicate that some movement is occurring in the sediments due to thaw.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 65 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-24
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA121020
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9361
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Reading records Refractions Reflections Rayleigh waves Spatial resolution Anomalies Results and discussion Seismic velocity distribution Attenuation Low-level natural seismicity Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Error estimates Appendix B: Velocity profiles Appendix C: Seismic cross sections
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  • 27
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    Hydrology and climatology of the Caribou-Poker Creeks research Watershed, Alaska (1982)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/26
    In: CRREL Report, 82-26
    Description / Table of Contents: The Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed is a small (101.5-sq km) drainage basin located 48 km northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska. Elevations within the watershed range from 210 to 826 m, and approximately 28% of its area is underlain by permafrost. Climatic differences between the watershed and Fairbanks are primarily due to the higher elevation of the watershed. Generally the watershed climatic sites are warmer in winter and cooler in summer than Fairbanks. Within the watershed the greatest temperature contrasts exist in winter, when the valley-bottom sites are beneath the regional air temperature inversion, and the higher sites are above it. From May through September the total precipitation averages 270 mm, 1.47 times that received at Fairbanks. The annual precipitation is about 1.7 times that of Fairbanks. The historical precipitation record at Fairbanks indicates that summer precipitation was below the long-term normal in eight of the eleven years of watershed measurements (1969-1980); no climatic extremes occurred during this period. An analysis of annual streamflow data showed an inconsistency of baseflow recessions from year to year. The runoff-rainfall ratio for individual summer storms averaged 0.35 for Caribou Creek. Comparisons of spot discharge measurements of predominantly permafrost and non-permafrost subwatersheds showed that permafrost-dominated watersheds have a much flashier response to precipitation than non-permafrost watersheds. A comparison of the annual flow distribution of the watershed indicated that Caribou Creek has lower summer and higher winter discharges per unit area than the Chena or Salcha Rivers.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-26
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA122402
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9369
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Setting Geology and soils Vegetation Climate Air temperature Precipitation Hydrology Annual and monthly runoff Individual storms Baseflow recessions Spatial flow variability Temporal flow variability Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Station histories
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  • 28
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    Ice growth on Post Pond, 1973-1982 (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/4
    In: CRREL Report, 83-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements and analysis of seasonal ice growth and decay on Post Pond, New Hampshire, for the period 1973-1982 are presented. Observations included ice thickness measurements, examination of the various ice types contributing to the ice cover, and measurements of meteorological parameters for correlation with and modeling of the ice growth process. The overall nature of ice growth and decay (ice loss) on the Post Pond has been ascertained, the seasonal variability in the timing of freeze-up and ice-out and the duration of the ice cover have been determined, and the relationship of ice growth to freezing-degree-day (deg C) records evaluated on the basis of a Stefan conduction equation modified to deal with ice sheets covered with or free of snow. Ice growth occurs predominantly by the direct freezing of lake water, but snow ice may compose as much as 50% of the ice cover in winters with higher than average snowfall. Freeze-up leading to the establishment of a stable ice cover occurs during the 4-week period from the end of November to the end of December. Maximum seasonal ice thicknesses were from 45 to 67 cm and are generally attained during the first two weeks of March; ice-out, marking the final disappearance of ice from Post Pond, usually occurs by the third week of April. The overall rate of the ice loss is three to four times that of ice growth, and is dominated initially by melting from the top. As much as 50% of the ice may be lost in this way before the onset of any bottom melting. Final dissipation of the ice cover is usually expedited by candling resulting from preferential melting and disintegration of the ice at crystal boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-4
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA126334
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9277
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves
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  • 29
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    Marine minerals (1981)
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
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    Call number: 11/M 19.92803
    In: Reviews in mineralogy, 6
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ix, 380 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: second printing
    ISBN: 978-0-939950-06-5
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 6
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Minerals and reactions at the atomic scale : transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
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    Call number: 11/M 19.92819
    In: Reviews in mineralogy, 27
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xv, 516 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: second printing
    ISBN: 0-939950-32-4
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 27
    URL: https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9781501509735/9781501509735-toc/9781501509735-toc.xml
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Pulse transmission through frozen silt (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/17
    In: CRREL Report, 84-17
    Description / Table of Contents: VHF-band radiowave short pulses were transmitted within the permafrost tunnel at Fox, Alaska, over distances between 2.2 and 10.5 m. The propagation medium was a frozen silt containing both disseminated and massive ice with temperatures varying from -7°C near the transmitter to probably -2 C near the center of the tunnel overburden. The short pulses underwent practically no dispersion in the coldest zones but did disperse and refract through the warmer overburden, as suggested by calculations of the effective dielectric constant. Most significantly the measured frequency content decreased as the effective dielectric constant increased. The results indicate that deep, cross-borehole pulse transmissions over distances greater than 10 m might be possible, especially when the ground is no warmer than -4°C. The information thus pined could be used for identifying major subsurface variations, including ground ice features.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-17
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a147108.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9519
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    The effects of soluble salts on the unfrozen water contents of the Lanzhou, P.R.C., silt (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/16
    In: CRREL Report, 84-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase composition curves are presented for a typical saline silt from Lanzhou, P.R.C., and compared to some silts from Alaska. The unfrozen water content of the Chinese silt is much higher than that of the Alaskan silts due to the large amount of soluble salts present in the silts from China, which are not present in silt from interior Alaska. When the salt is removed, the unfrozen water content is then similar for both the Chinese and Alaskan silt. Here we introduce a technique for correcting the unfrozen water content of partially frozen soils due to high salt concentrations. We calculate the equivalent molality of the salts in the unfrozen water at various temperatures from a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the extract from saturated paste.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-16
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a152825.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9520
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Materials Sample preparation Nuclear magnetic resonance Specific surface area Electrical conductivity Results and discussion Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content vs temperature data for Lanzhou silt
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  • 33
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    Sea ice data buoys in the Weddel Sea (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/11
    In: CRREL Report, 84-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Data obtained from two sets of data buoys either air-dropped or deployed by ship onto the Weddell Sea pack ice during the period from Dec 1978 to Nov 1980 are presented. The buoy data include position, pressure and temperature information and to date represent the most complete combined weather and pack ice drift records for the ice-covered Southern Ocean regions. The buoys tended to drift north initially and then to turn east generally between latitudes 62°S and 64°S. Buoy 1433 turned east farther south at approximately 67°S but at about the same time as buoy 0527, implying that the westerly wind belt was farther south than usual in 1979. The range of air pressures-from about 950 mb to about 1020 mb is typical of the circumpolar low pressure trough in the Southern Hemisphere. All buoys were equipped with an internal or compartment temperature sensor. The 1980 buoys also contained an external air temperature sensor in a ventilated, shielded can at 1-m height. Although differences of 10°C or more between recorded air and compartment temperatures are common, the correlation between the two measured temperatures is generally very good. The compartment temperatures are higher probably because the buoy is radiationally heated. We found that subtracting 3°C from the average daily compartment temperature yielded a good estimate of the average air temperature for any given day. This technique can be used to construct average daily air temperature records for the 1979 buoys which only contained the internal or compartment temperature sensor.
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    Pages: v, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-11
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a144953.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9504
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods and instrumentation Results Drift tracks Pressure data Temperature data Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 34
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    Supplement to Interregional Training Course on Radiochemistry : Leipzig, GDR, 17th May - 25th June 1982 ; ZfI-13 (1982)
    Leipzig : Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Central Institute for Isotope and Radiation Research
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    Call number: AWI G6-19-93042-2
    In: Interregional Training Course on Radiochemistry, [Supplement]
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 88 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Manual 2.2 The relative measurement of aktivity Lectures 1.3 Statistics / H. Baumbach 2.2 Sealed sources / K. Vormum 2.4 Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis / H.-K. Bothe 3.1 The use of carriers / H. Koch 4.3 Autoradiography / K. Freyer 6.1 Radiometric methods in environmental control / H.-J. Große
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  • 35
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    An analysis of martian clouds and their topographical relationships (1966)
    Paris : Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales
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    Call number: MOP 41394 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: European Space Research Organization: Scientific note 54
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    Wissenschaftstheorie und gestaltungsorientierte Wirtschaftsinformatik (2009)
    Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag
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    Call number: IASS 20.93369
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 243 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen , 235 mm x 155 mm
    ISBN: 9783790823356 , 9783790823363 (electronic; eISBN)
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Language: German , English
    Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.
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  • 37
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    Heat and mass transfer from freely falling drops at low temperatures (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/18
    In: CRREL Report, 80-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of ice as a structural material is common practice for certain applications in cold regions. Techniques such as surface flooding or water spraying are used to accelerate ice growth rates, thereby lengthening the winter construction season. This report examines the heat and mass transfer rates from freely falling water drops in cold air. Design equations which predict the amount of supercooling of the drops as a function of outdoor ambient temperature, drop size and distance of fall are given
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    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-18
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA090522
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity
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  • 38
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    Environmental engineering and ecological baseline investigations along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/19
    In: CRREL Report, 80-19
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period 1975-1978 the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a series of environmental engineering in­vestigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road. In 1976 the Department of Energy joined these in­vestigations with a series of ecological projects which continue to the present. Both agencies research efforts were con­ducted on a cooperative basis with CRREL’s in-house research program. The objectives of the research focused on 1) an evaluation of the performance of the road, 2) an assessment of changes in the environment associated with the road, 3) documentation of flora and vegetation along the 577-km-long transect, 4) methodologies for revegetation and restoration, and 5) an assessment of biological parameters as indicators of environmental integrity. In support of these objectives, specific studies were undertaken that investigated the climate along the road, thaw and subsidence beneath and adjacent to the road, drainage and side slope performance, distribution and properties of road dust, vegetation distribution, vegetation disturbance and recovery, occurrence of weeds and weedy species, erosion and its control, revegetation and restoration, and construction of the fuel gas line. This report presents background, information on the region, detailed results of the road thaw subsidence and dust investigations, and summaries of revegetation, fuel gas line, vegetation distribution, soil, and weed studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xv, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-19
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6433
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series
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  • 39
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    Snow pads used for pipeline construction in Alaska, 1976 : construction, use and breakup (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/17
    In: CRREL Report, 80-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Construction pads made of snow were used to build two sections of the Trans Alaska Pipeline and a small gas pipeline during the winter of 1975-76. Construction during the winter has become increasingly common in the Arctic. Surface travel and the use of heavy construction equipment on the unprotected tundra have been severely restricted, even during the winter, so the use of temporary winter roads and construction pads built of snow and ice has been advocated and is being adopted. The three snow construction pads mentioned above were the first snow roads and construction pads used on a large scale in Alaska. Snow roads and construction pads have two objectives: to protect the underlying vegetation and upper layers of the ground, and to provide a hard, smooth surface for travel and the operation of equipment. Several types have been built, and a brief discussion is given of their history and classification systems. The three snow construction pads used in construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the small gas pipeline in 1975-76 were visited and observed while in use. The Globe Creek snow pad, about 50 miles north of Fairbanks, was built primarily of manufactured snow hauled to the site and watered. With very high densities this pad withstood heavy traffic and use by heavy construction equipment except on one steep slope. There, the use of tracked vehicles and vehicles without front wheel drive disaggregated the snow on and near the surface so that vehicles without front wheel drive were unable to climb the hill. The Toolik snow pad, just north of the Brooks Range, was built of compacted snow and proved capable of supporting the heaviest traffic and construction equipment. The fuel gasline snow pad ran from the northern Brooks Range to the Arctic Coast and also proved capable of supporting the necessary traffic. Both the Toolik snow pad and the fuel gasline snow pad failed in very early May because of unseasonably warm and clear weather before the associated construction projects were completed. However, the three snow pads must be considered successful. Common problems were the lack of snow, slopes, unseasonably warm spring weather, and inexperience on the part of contractors and construction personnel.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-17
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a090521.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 40
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    FGGE III-B daily global analyses : March 1979 - May 1979; Part 2 (1981)
    Reading : European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
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    Call number: MOP 45206 / Mitte
    In: Daily Global Analyses
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 6, 381 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    Series Statement: Daily Global Analyses Part 2
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Monograph available for loan
    FGGE III-B daily global analyses : June 1979 - August 1979; Part 3 (1981)
    Reading : European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
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    Call number: MOP 45206 / Mitte
    In: Daily Global Analyses
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 6, 371 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    Series Statement: Daily Global Analyses Part 3
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Monograph available for loan
    Workshop on Stochastic Dynamic Forecasting : 17-19 October 1979 (1980)
    [Reading, Berkshire] : [European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts]
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 44987 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: i, 97 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Monograph available for loan
    Vodnyj balans SSSR i ego preobrazovanie (1969)
    Moskva : Izdatel'stvo "Nauka"
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    Call number: MOP 43365 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 338 Seiten , Illustrationen , 3 Karten , 27 cm
    Series Statement: Meždunarodnoe Gidrologičeskoe Desjatiletie / AN SSSR. Institut Geografii
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit Zusammenfassung und Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache
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  • 44
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    Structure of age-hardening disaggregated Peter snow (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-53
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 53
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The results of investigations on the structural changes of Greenland snow during age-hardening in the first 49 hr after ejection by a Peter snow miller from a trench 4.7 ft deep are reported, and the method of study is described. The samples of snow were taken at various distances from the trench 1, 3, 14, 25, and 49 hr after deposition, and their changes were studied as a function of time and distance from the trench. The porosity remained constant at an average of 50 ± 3%. The number of grains/cm^2 decreased with time and increased with distance from the trench because of the different speeds of sedimentation and wind sifting. The mean grain cross-section showed a similar dependence. The relative length of grain boundaries increased with time and slightly with distance from the trench, while the mean length of new grain-to-grain boundaries increased with age and decreased with distance from the trench. The mean number of adjacent grains per grain vs. relative length of grain boundaries showed a linear relation. A slight increase of new boundaries with increasing number of neighbors was also observed. Suggestions for a precise study of the age-hardening process of snow are made.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 15, A5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 53
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2697
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Methods of testing Sampling Preparation of samples Preparation of structure pictures Results Influence of time and place Porosity Number of grains/cm2 Mean grain cross section Relative length of grain boundaries (KM ratio) Mean number of adjacent grains per grain Number of new boundaries/cm 2 Mean length of new grain-to-grain boundaries Some interrelations of the structure data Structure of a 1-yr old Peter snow Suggestions for an exact study of the age-hardening process of snow References Appendix: Structure pictures
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  • 45
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    Monograph available for loan
    Workshop on radiation and cloud-radiation interaction in numerical modelling : 15-17 October 1980 (1981)
    [Reading] : European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
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    Call number: MOP 47169 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: I, 209 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Journal available for loan
    Aeronauts and space report of the president : 1983 activities (1983)
    Washington, D.C. : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 47316 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: 83 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Series available for loan
    Plastic deformation of thick-walled snow-ice cylinders under hydrostatic pressure (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-63
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 63
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: Experiments have been carried out on the plastic deformation of thick-walled snow-ice cylinders under hydrostatic pressure as a function of pressure and temperature. At constant circumferential stress and temperature the natural strain rate of closure is a constant. This constant varies with the circumferential stress according to a sine function and is exponentially dependent on temperature with an energy of activation of 14.1 kcal/mole at an average circumferential stress of 3.1 kg/cm^2. The mechanism of the plastic flow is in agreement with a mechanism proposed previously, that is, flow between grain boundaries takes place.
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    Pages: iv, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 63
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2740
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Experimental Materials Apparatus Experimental results Deformation under constant hydrostatic pressure Deformation as a function of hydrostatic pressure Deformation as a function of temperature at constant pressure Discussion References
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  • 48
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    Temperature distribution of an idealized ice cap (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-64
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 64
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The distribution of temperature throughout an idealized ice cap is studied. The idealized ice cap is considered as one with a constant growth rate, without internal movement, subject to a linear climatic change and to a constant geothermal influx. The problem is treated as a Stefan-type problem and the solution is obtained by the principle of superposition. The results indicate that the temperature at the base of the ice cap rises with time and eventually would reach the melting point of the ice. Under such conditions, it is concluded that the ice cap is not resting on a permafrost base as suggested by previous investigation.
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    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 64
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2739
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Mathematical development Method of solution Discussion of results Base temperature Minimum temperature Effect of rate of growth Effect of geothermal influx Comparison with observed results References
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  • 49
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    Temperature distribution of snow with gamma ray radiation (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-67
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 67
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The temperature distribution in snow subjected to gamma radiation from an operating nuclear reactor is analyzed mathematically, assuming that the effect of radiation is equivalent to a continuous heat source, the intensity of which is a function of the radial distance from the reactor. Steady-state solutions are derived for two cases: when the radial distance is 13 ft and when it is 19.1 ft. The results indicate that the temperature of the snow in certain regions in the several feet immediately below the foundation will exceed the design limit of 20°F. Increasing the shielding of the reactor will reduce the intensity of the radiation and snow temperature. Other possible ways to reduce the snow temperature include the use of refrigeration coils and the forcing of the atmospheric air through the snow.
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    Pages: iii, 4 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 67
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2709
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Ground-truth observations of ice-covered North Slope lakes imaged by radar (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/19
    In: CRREL Report, 81-19
    Description / Table of Contents: Field observations support the interpretation that differences in the strength of radar returns from the ice covers of lakes on the North Slope of Alaska can be used to determine where the lake is frozen completely to the bottom. An ice/frozen soil interface is indicated by a weak return and an ice/ water interface by a strong return. The immediate value of this result is that SLAR (side-looking airborne radar) imagery can now be used to prepare maps of large areas of the North Slope showing where the lakes are shallower or deeper than 1.7m (the approximate draft of the lake ice at the time of the SLAR flights). The bathymetry of these shallow lakes is largely unknown and is not obvious from their sizes or outlines. Such information could be very useful, for example in finding suitable year-round water supplies.
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    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-19
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9424
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The experiment Results Maps of completely frozen North Slope lakes Literature cited
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  • 51
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    Series available for loan
    Shallow snow model for predicting vehicle performance (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/20
    In: CRREL Report, 81-20
    Description / Table of Contents: A historical review of research is presented to establish the state- of-the-art for analyzing the behavior of vehicles in shallow snow. From this review, the most comprehensive and promising model is put together to establish a first-cut performance prediction model for vehicles operating in shallow snow, slush, ice and thawing soils.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-20
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9422
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Historical review Model selection Traction Resistance Slush and thawing soils Ice, hard-packed snow, packed snow River and lake ice Model use Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 52
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    Chena River Lakes Project revegetation study : three-year summary (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/18
    In: CRREL Report, 81-18
    Description / Table of Contents: During the growing seasons of 1977, 1978, and 1979, revegetation techniques were studied on the Chena River Lakes Project, a flood control dam and levee near Fairbanks, Alaska, to find an optimal treatment for establishing permanent vegetation cover on the gravel structures. The treatments tested on plots at the dam andor levee involved three main variables 1 vegetation grass and clover seed andor willow cuttings, 2 mulch, mulch blanket, andor sludge, and 3 substrate gravel or fine-grained soil over the gravel base. The mulches were hay, wood-cellulose-fiber, peat moss, and Conwed Hydro Mulch 2000, which is a wood-cellulose-fiber mulch with a polysaccharide tackifier. A constant rate of fertilizer was applied to all plots except the control. A section of each plot was refertilized again in their third growing season to compare annual and biannual fertilization. The high fertilization rate produced above-average growth. Fescue, brome, and foxtail were the most productive species on the dam, while alsike cover was the most productive on the wetter levee site. When grass seed and willow cuttings were planted at the same time, willow survival and growth were reduced. Fertilization is required for at least two years to produce an acceptable permanent vegetation cover, although fine- grained soil or sludge reduces the amount of fertilizer needed in the second year. Third-year fertilization may not be necessary since the benefits of the second fertilization continue for at least two years. A sludge treatment refertilized during its second growing season produces the highest biomass recorded in this study.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 59 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-18
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9427
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Abbreviations Conversion factors Summary Introduction Background Site characterization Climate Purpose Materials and methods General Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Sampling and measurement Abiotic controls on vegetation Meteorological data Soil moisture as a limiting factor Soil chemical analysis Vegetation growth and survival Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Biomass by species Roof penetration Seedling density of invading woody species Weeds Supplemental observations Sediment loss Sludge and runoff-water composition Cost analysis Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: 1977 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix B: 1978 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix C: 1979 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix D: Grass growth on 1978 dam treatments Appendix E: 1977, 1978, and 1979 survival of willow treatments Appendix F: Grass growth on Tanana levee treatments Appendix C: Chemical analysis of sludge and runoff water
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  • 53
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    Near-infrared reflectance of snow-covered substrates (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/21
    In: CRREL Report, 81-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The reflection of solar radiation by a snow cover in situ and the apparent influence of selected substrates were examined in wavelength bands centered at 0.81, 1.04, 1.10, 1.30, 1.50 and 1.80 micrometers. Substrates included winter wheat, timothy, corn, alfalfa, grass, concrete and subsurface layers of 'crusty' snow and ice. Reasonable qualitative agreement between measurements and theoretical predictions was demonstrated, with indications of quantitative agreement in the definition of a 'semi-infinite depth' of snow cover. It was concluded that ultimate quantitative agreement between theory and measurement will require that an 'optically effective grain size' be defined in terms of physically measuarable dimensions or meteorologically predictable characteristics of the ice crystals composing the snowpack.
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    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-21
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9419
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental method Substrate preparation Experimental configuration Radiometric measurements Snow characterization Reflectance standards Data analysis Reflectance measurements Snow replica analysis Discussion of results Comparative reflectance of various substrates under snow Ablation of a snow cover Reflectance from a very light, fresh snow cover Measurements at angles other than vertical Reflectance from substrates Concluding observations Literature cited
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  • 54
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    Consolidated report on the voluntary co-operation programme including projects approved for circulation in 1983 (1984)
    Geneva : Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization
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    Call number: MOP 46028/1983 / Mitte
    In: World weather watch : Consolidated report on the voluntary co-operation programme including projects approved for circulation, 1983
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    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Monograph available for loan
    Workshop on the planetary boundary layer : 14-18 August 1978, Boulder, Colorado (1980)
    Boston, Mass. : American Meteorological Society
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 45485 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: iv, 322 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 0933876513
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    Monograph available for loan
    Tropical Cyclone Programme : plan of action (1981)
    Geneva : Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization
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    Call number: MOP 45477 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 2, II, 47, 4 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Report 4
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    Monograph available for loan
    The politics of method in the human sciences : positivism and its epistemological others (2005)
    Durham : Duke University Press
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    Call number: IASS 20.95309
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 620 Seiten , 25 cm
    ISBN: 0822335182 , 9780822335184 , 0822335069 , 9780822335061
    Series Statement: Politics, history, and culture
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip051/2004022945.html
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    United States Antarctic Research Report Number 24 to SCAR : I April 1981-October 1982 record of activities ; II October 1982-October 1983 planned activities (1982)
    Washington, D.C. : Polar Research Board
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    Call number: MOP 46293/B / Mitte
    In: United States Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 24
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Series Statement: United States Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 24
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    Report on United States Antarctic research activities : United States National Committee on Antarctic Research Report Number 26 to SCAR ; I February 1983-October 1984 record of activities ; II October 1984-September 1985 planned activities (1984)
    Washington, D.C. : Polar Research Board
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    Call number: MOP 46293/A / Mitte
    In: United States Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 26
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Series Statement: United States Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 26
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Series available for loan
    USSR national report No. 25 to SCAR (1983)
    Moscow : Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: MOP 46294/A / Mitte
    In: USSR national report to SCAR, No. 25
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Series Statement: USSR national report to SCAR 25
    Language: English
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  • 61
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    Monograph available for loan
    Analyzing oppression (2006)
    New York : Oxford Univ. Press
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    Call number: IASS 20.94162
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 278 S , Ill , 24 cm
    ISBN: 9780195187434 , 0195187431 , 019518744X , 9780195187441
    Series Statement: Studies in feminist philosophy
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0638/2005049873-t.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0639/2005049873-d.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0725/2005049873-b.html
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/hbz/toc/ht014766812.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 62
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    Theory of densification of dry snow on high polar glaciers (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-69
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 69
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The relations between rate of snow accumulation, snow density, snow age, and depth below the surface are formulated in terms of a compactive viscosity factor, which is assumed to be a function of only density and temperature, with parameters which will vary with the snow-type sequences of different climatic areas of high polar glaciers. The theory could be useful in an analysis of the data obtained from the large number of snow pits in Greenland, Ellesmere Island,and Antarctica.
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    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 69
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2720
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction The Sorge depth-density curve Generalization for time-variable rate of accumulation Path of a particle on the surface y=B(h,t) Effect of temperature Computational procedure Densification under high loads References
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  • 63
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    Series available for loan
    Experimental research on desiccation cracks in soil (1960)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-66
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 66
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: A simple theory is proposed for crack formation and development by soil desiccation on the basis of laboratory experiments utilizing soil samples (Bloomington till) with max particle size of 1 mm diam. held in flat wooden containers. The crack pattern is more dependent on the thickness of the soil sample than on temperature or humidity. Some effect is caused also by differences in the bottom material of the containers. The area of cells made by crack patterns has a log normal size distribution. Total length of cracks decreases with increase in sample thickness. The number of sides of cells also depends on the thickness. Cracking was found to begin from the center of the soil layer and to propagate to the surface or bottom with non-uniform speed.
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    Pages: vi, 48, A4 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 66
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2755
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Soil material Soil Preparation of the soil material Containers Temperature and humidity of the air Moisture content and dry density of the soil Experimental procedures and results General procedures Definition of the characteristics of cracking of soil Cracking moisture content Size of cells made by cracking of the soil Length of cracks Number of sides of cells Development of cracks Additional experiments Interfacial fracture markings Method of auxilliary tests on physical properties of the soil Elastic constants of the soil Shrinkage of soil due to desiccation Tests of the adhesion between the soil and the bottom material Results of auxiliary tests Elastic constants of the soil Free shrinkage process of the soil due to desiccation Adhesion between the soil and glass or wood Mechanism of crack formation due to the desiccation of soil Geometric interpretation Mechanical interpretation Conclusions References Appendix: Table of experiments
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  • 64
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    Monograph available for loan
    Twenty-fourth Plenary Meeting, Committee on Space Research : XXIV COSPAR ; abstracts ; Ottawa, Canada, 16 May - 2 June 1982 (1982)
    Paris, France : COSPAR Secretariat
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    Call number: MOP 46270 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 545 Seiten , 28 cm
    Language: English
    Note: Prefatory material in French
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  • 65
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    Climatological means and extremes on the Greenland ice sheet (1961)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-78
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 78
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: This climatological study makes use of the temperature, wind, and precipitation records from 12 stations on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Many of these stations were not in operation for concurrent periods and records for a year or more were available from only a few of them. The mean, mean maximum, mean minimum, absolute maximum, and absolute minimum temperatures were computed from the records. The highest absolute maximum temperature reported was 44°F at Mint Julep in southwestern Greenland. The lowest absolute minimum was -94°F at Northice in northern Greenland. This study shows that the prevailing wind usually was from the direction of the high central area of the ice sheet. Stations on the west slope had prevailing winds with an easterly component whereas stations on the east slope had prevailing winds with a westerly component. The wind speed varied from 0 to approximately 60 kt, but was predominantly in the 0 to 20 kt range. At some of the stations on the ice sheet, precipitation was measured in precipitation gages, at others it was measured as surface accumulation. At many locations the annual accumulation was determined from stratigraphic studies of the snow profile. The number of days on which snow occurred, expressed as percent of total days of observation, was used as an index to the amount of snowfall. The mean annual accumulation shows precipitation to be heavier on the west slope of the ice sheet than in other areas. The precipitation records at Northice indicate that the annual precipitation in that part of northern Greenland may be very light. The means for the various climatological parameters covered in this study are presented in tables and on a climatological map which presents a cartographic picture of the overall climatology of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
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    Pages: iv, 13, A5, B4 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 78
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5885
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Air temperature Wind direction and speed Precipitation and accumulation Climatological map for the Greenland Ice Sheet Appendix A: Temperature data Appendix B: Precipitation data
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  • 66
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    Stratigraphic analysis of a deep ice core from Greenland (1967)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-77
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 77
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A deep rotary core drilling project in 1957 at Site 2 on the Greenland ice sheet (76°59'N, 56°04'W provided ice core to a depth of 411 m. The vertical variation in bulk density, macroscopic structure, oxygen isotope ratios, ionic constituents, and extraterrestrial dust (black spherules) were analyzed using both field and laboratory techniques . These data permit the direct estimate of annual accumulation layers in the core. Continuous stratigraphic measurements and observations were made over the upper 110 m of the profile and detailed physical and chemical analyses were made on continuous lo 3 to 3.9-m core increments at 100, 200, 300 and 411-m depths. The average total ionic concentration in the ice sheet ranges between 0.65 and 1.35 mg/liter. The annual global mass deposit of black spherules as calculated from these studies varies from 2.10 x 10^5 metric tons in 700 year old ice to 6.57 x 10^5 metric tons in 12 year old firn. The oxygen isotope ratio variation provides the best means of estimating accumulation at depth. Results of the investigations indicate rates of net snow accumulation of 42.3, 34.2, 37.4, 41.1 and 41.6 g/cm^2 -yr at the surface, A.D. c. 1773, c. 1513, c. 1233 and c. 934 respectively. Accumulation data and other physical and chemical evidence allow climatological inferences to be made over the 10-century profile. The ice core record shows that snow accumulation and temperature in A. D. 934 were similar to today, followed by a gradual decrease in accumulation to a minimum around the late 18th century and an increase in both accumulation and temperature from A. D. 1773 to 1957 and following.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 130 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 77
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5934
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary 1. lntroduction General background Previous work The Greenland Ice sheet Present work Ice core studies ll. Field procedures General background Subsurface snow laboratory Core reference datum Core handling and processing Ill. Macroscopic stratigraphy General background Polar stratigraphy General observations and results Discussion of results and conclusions above 100 m IV. Detailed stratigraphic studies General background Macroscopic stratigraphy at 100 m Results of analysis and discussion Summary and conclusions V. Oxygen isotope studies General background Previous work Deep ice core 0-isotope stratigraphy Results of analyses Summary and conclusions Vl. Chemical composition studies General background Previous work Factors influencing the chemistry of glaciers Deep core stratigraphy using chemical variations Results of analyses and discussion Summary and interpretation of the 300 m results Geochemistry of the ice sheet Results of analyses and discussion Summary and conclusions Vll. Cosmic dust studies General background Previous work Origin of extraterrestrial dust Deep ice core and near surface studies Results of analyses Discussion of results Summary and conclusions VIII. Climatological implications General background Recent history of the inland ice Past history from the deep core Summary and conclusions- IX. Summary and conclusions Discussion Post Site l deep drilling programs Selected bibliography Appendix A. Sorge's law Appendix B. Thinning of layers Appendix C. Statistical terms Appendix D. Average density determinations for meter increments from the surface to 411.21 meters , Site 2, Greenland
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  • 67
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    Thermodynamic studies of a snow cover in northern Michigan : analysis of micrometeorological and related snow and soil data from the Keweenaw Field Station (1961)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army
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    Call number: ZSP-202-74
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 74
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The heat exchange of a snow cover was studied with respect to the effects of heat transfer processes on metamorphic action within the snow cover and the prediction of heat fluxes and the resulting changes in snow cover characteristics from standard meteorological information. Data collected at the USA SIPRE Keweenaw Field Station, Houghton, Michigan, were used to determine heat transfer by thermal radiation, convection, and conduction. The percent of daily incident solar radiation at the outer limits of the earth's atmosphere which reaches the snow surface ranged from 94 with clear skies to less than 20 with an overcast less than 1000 ft high and precipitation. Average diurnal patterns of total solar radiation may be estimated for various cloudiness. Total solar radiation with overcast clouds less than 5000 ft high averaged about 70% of the clear-sky radiation. Atmospheric radiation related to temperatures during clear nights gave a curve paralleling the black body radiation curve, although about 7 ly/hr lower in absolute values. Atmospheric radiation during clear skies was about 9 ly/hr less than that with low overcast conditions with no snow falling. In the presence of falling snow, total hemispherical radiation was about 5 ly/hr greater than with no snow falling but with' similar low overcast cloudiness. With low overcast cloudiness, the net long-wave exchange averaged about -17 ly/day in January and -8 ly/day in February. With clear skies the net long-wave exchange averaged about -128 ly/day in January and -120 ly/day in February. The net radiation exchange with clear skies during midday remained slightly negative in January and became increasingly positive through February. The highest positive values of net radiation occurred during the day with low overcast or broken cloudiness and precipitation. The largest net radiational loss of 9 ly/hr occurred at night with clear skies and nearly calm winds. The average magnitude of surface temperature inversions over snow was related to observations of cloudiness and wind speeds for both day and night. With winds of 12 knots or greater, the temperature difference in the first 10m was usually near adiabatic even with clear skies at night. During the day inversions seldom exceeded 1-2°C, and a slight lapse commonly occurred during low overcast conditions and moderate winds. The Liljequist method for computing turbulent heat transfer and conductive heat transfer in snow was used. Average air temperature is shown to exert a pronounced effect upon snow heat conduction, cold content and temperature profile. Average temperature differences through the snow, responsible for metamorphic action leading to the formation of depth hoar, can be estimated by a knowledge of the previous 20-hr average temperature. Snow hardness distributions, indicators of supporting capacity of snow, can be estimated graphically from snow density and depth observations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 73 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 74
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2699
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Part 1. Data analysis Introduction Estimating snow temperature distributions from meteorological information Radiative heat transfer Short-wave radiation Long-wave radiation Net radiation exchange Convective heat transfer Liljequist method Monin-Obukhov method Conductive heat transfer Heat transfer in soil Heat transfer in snow Direct relationships Measurement of snow properties Cold content of snow Vertical temperature gradient in snow and its effects Snow hardness Summary of the analysis Thermal radiative heat transfer Convective heat transfer Heat transfer processes in soil and snow Part II. Tabulated data for Keweenaw Field Station Description of data Location and periods of measurement Instrumentation Data processing Explanation of tables Thermal radiation data, Keweenaw Field Station References
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  • 68
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    Studies of salt ice; I: the tensile strength of NaCl ice (1961)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-80
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 80
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Introduction: During the last few years, there has been an increased interest in developing a rational explanation for the rather considerable variation in such bulk properties of sea ice as its strength, density, thermal conductivity, latent heat of melting, and coefficient of thermal expansion. Of these properties, sea-ice strength has received by far the most attention for practical reasons.
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    Pages: iv, 30, A6, B10, C2, D5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 80
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5889
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Experimentation Method of growing salt ice Strength test procedures Bulk properties of salt ice Phase relations Density and air content Strength results Strength of fresh-water ice Strength of NaCl ice as a function of brine volume Strength of NaCl· 2H2O ice as a function of the relative volume of solid salt Effect of thermal history on salt-ice strength Phase hysteresis Geometric hysteresis Effect of short-term cooling on the strength of fresh-water and NaCl·2H2O ice Effect of the volume of inclosed air on the strength of salt ice Conclusions NaCl ice Sea ice References Appendix A: Volume of brine and NaCl· 2H2O in NaCl ice as a function of salinity and temperature Appendix B: Ring test results Normal test sequences Appendix C: Ring test results Hysteresis test sequences Appendix .b: Ring test results Thermal history test sequences
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  • 69
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    Equilibrium profile of ice caps (1961)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-84
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 84
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: The law of sliding of ice over bedrock is generalized to include the effect of the presence of a longitudinal stress. The sliding velocity thus depends on both the shear stress acting at the bottom of an ice mass and the longitudinal stress. With this generalized law, it is still possible to make a one-dimensional analysis of the problem of calculating the profile of an ice cap or glacier, such as was carried out by Nye, and yet introduce the effect of large longitudinal stresses. As a result a profile can be calculated with two equations. One equation is applicable to the central region of an ice cap and the other equation (which was found by Nye) is valid elsewhere. By an appropriate joining of the profiles derived from these two equations, the complete profile of an ice cap can be obtained. From two sample calculations it is shown that, for a large ice cap, Nye's theory is valid practically everywhere, and there is no real need to bring in the modification. For a small ice cap, the modification to the profile is valid over an appreciable fraction of the total width of the ice cap. A very simple extension of the analysis of the ice cap profile allows for the effect of isostatic sinking of the bedrock surface under a large ice cap. (An initially flat bedrock surface was assumed. The analysis can be extended easily to allow for an arbitrarily shaped initial bedrock surface.)
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 84
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5893
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Theory Effective sliding velocity Estimate of stresses Surface profilecalculations Effect of the weight of ice on the bedrock base Sample calculations References
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  • 70
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    The frost behavior of soils : laboratory and field data for a new concept; Part I: vertical sorting (1961)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-85,1
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 85,1
    In: The frost behavior of soils : laboratory and field data for a new concept, Part I
    Description / Table of Contents: Partial summary: Laboratory experiments have been performed with special cabinets in which soil samples, under complete saturation and without surcharges, were subjected to alternate freezing and thawing cycles. Tests included series with both freezing and thawing from the top and with freezing from the bottom and thawing from the top. The soil materials used were well-graded, sandy gravels, the finest one with 14% finer than no. 200 mesh (0. 074 mm).
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 85,1
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5895
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction to the problem Laboratory data Preliminary experiments Vertical sorting and volume changes produced by cyclic freeze -thaw Volume increase by sorting in straight graded samples without freezing and thawing Field data Vertical sorting of the active layer Correlation between laboratory and field data Conclusion and recommendations References
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  • 71
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    Analysis of data from a snow profile (1962)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-90
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 90
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: A new method is presented for extracting more meaningful information from snow profile data which will simplify the study of the permeability of snow. Earlier analyses normally employed statistical methods to determine property variations with depth, with the line of mean values established by the method of least squares. The mean curves derived in this manner may not represent properly the true nature of the snow pack, or aid in understanding the dynamic processes which are in action. The new graphical methods described distinguish the separate effects of densification and thermal metamorphism on permeability, permitting future advances in the analysis. Profile data obtained in 1954 and 1960 are reanalyzed using the new techniques. For a natural polar pack under conditions when no melting occurs and the accumulation is assumed continuous, the following conclusions may be made: permeability for a given density of snow increases with depth and time except possibly near the surface or at depths below 30 m; the rate of permeability change with depth for given densities decreases in a calculable way relative to the density; and, mean permeability changes with depth in a complex manner.
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    Pages: iv, 14, A3, B2, C2 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 90
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5875
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Standard methods of data presentation- A class interval method of data presentation Interpretation of the numerical data Interpretation of thin sections Conclusions References Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C
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  • 72
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    Mechanism for the formation of inner moraines found near the edge of cold ice caps (1962)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-94
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 94
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: A new mechanism is described which explains the formation of moraines in the ablation areas of cold ice caps. The mechanism involves the freezing of water onto the bottom surface of an ice cap. This water comes from regions of the bottom surface where the combination of the geothermal heat and the heat produced by sliding of ice over the bed is sufficient to melt ice. A number of criticisms are made of the shear hypothesis, which has been advanced to explain moraines occurring on Baffin Island and near Thule, Greenland. It is concluded that this older hypothesis may be inadequate to account for these moraines. Although in theory the mechanism proposed here undoubtedly would lead to the formation of moraines, the existing field data are insufficient to prove conclusively that actual moraines have originated in this way.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 94
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5876
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Comments on the shear hypothesis Appearance of the debris layers The possibility of cold ice scraping up debris The shear across a debris layer The geometry of the debris layers Freezing model Theory Discussion Conclusion References
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  • 73
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    Asphalt concrete for cold regions : a comparative laboratory study and analysis of mixtures containing soft and hard grades of asphalt cement (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/5
    In: CRREL Report, 80-5
    Description / Table of Contents: This research comprised laboratory testing to determine the properties of asphalt-aggregate mixtures containing three grades of asphalt cements, and analyses to project the performance of pavements containing each of the asphalts, in resisting thermally induced distress and traffic-associated distress. From the results it is concluded that only the softest asphalt cement tested (AC 2.5) would perform satisfactorily in a cold climatic zone. The moderately soft (AC 5) and moderately hard (AC 20) asphalt cements showed little susceptibility to thermal cracking in a moderate and a warm climatic zone, respectively. The AC 2.5 and AC 5 asphalts are not recommended for use in warm climates, however, owing to increased susceptibility to rutting under traffic.
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    Pages: vi, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-5
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA082198
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9528
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Research setting Objectives Materials, mixture designs, and tests Materials Mixture design tests Brazil test Resilient modulus test Data analysis Marshall tests Asphalt grade Compactive effort Aggregate type Data analysis Brazil tests Indirect tensile strength Tensile strain Vertical deformation Summary of Brazil test results Data analysis-resilIient modulus. Comparison of mixture susceptibility to temperature cracking General asphalt concrete stiffness Thermal cracking. Influence of asphalt cement properties Summary Comparison of mixture susceptibility to traftic-load-associated distress Stress/strain analysis Fatigue damage analysis Rutting analysis Strength correlations Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength Indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus Summary Summary and conclusions Recapitulation of investigations Summary of results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Asphalt adggregate mixture properties by Marshall method Appendix B: Equations for calculating specimen properties from Brazil tests Appendix C: Calculated displacements, strains and stresses
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  • 74
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    Environmental analysis of the Upper Susitna River Basin using Landsat imagery (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/4
    In: CRREL Report, 80-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) prepare a map from Landsat imagery of the Upper Susitna River Basin drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, 2) identify possible faults and lineaments within the upper basin and within a 100-km radius of the proposed Devil Canyon and Watana dam sites as observed on Landsat imagery, and 3) prepare a Landsat-derived map showing the distribution of surficial geologic materials and poorly drained areas. The EROS Digital Image Enhancement System (EDIES) provided computer- enhanced images of Landsat-1 scene 5470-19560. The EDIES false color composite of this scene was used as the base for mapping drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, six surficial geologic materials units and poorly drained areas. We used some single-band and other color composites of Landsat images during interpretation. All the above maps were prepared by photointerpretation of Landsat images without using computer analysis, aerial photographs, field data, or published reports. These other data sources were used only after the mapping was completed to compare and verify the information interpreted and delineations mapped from the Landsat images. Four Landsat-1 MSS band 7 winter scenes were used in the photomosaic prepared for the lineament mapping. We mapped only those lineaments related to reported regional tectonics, although there were many more lineaments evident on the Landsat photomosaic.
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    Pages: iii, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-4
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a084900.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9039
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary
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  • 75
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    A statistical evaluation of soil and climatic parameters affecting the change in pavement deflection during thawing of subgrades (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/15
    In: CRREL Report, 81-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report analyzes the results of a field study previously reported by Scrivner et al. (1969) for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. These authors studied the seasonal pavement deflection characteristics of 24 test sites on roads in service in regions with freezing indexes ranging from 100 F-days to 2100 F-days. They used the Dynaflect cyclic pavement loading device to determine the pavement system response. Of specific interest to my analysis was the increased pavement deflection after freezing and thawing and the time to recovery of normal deflection characteristics. These characteristics were related to soil and climatic factors using statistical techniques. The most significant observations of this statistical analysis are: (1) that the freezing index is not a significant parameter in determining the percent increase in pavement deflection during thawing, and (2) that the recovery time is inversely proportional to the depth of freezing. As was expected, the most significant variable affecting the increase in pavement deflection was the frost susceptibility classification. This observation reinforces the necessity for careful selection of soil materials used in pavement systems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 10 Seiten , Ilustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9492
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of test site Test results Method of analysis Results of analysis Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A Recovery time after onset of thawing, t20 Discussion of results Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A. Recovery time after thawing, t20 Conclusions Literature cited ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Pavement deflection and frost penetration vs time Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus F Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus W Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus I Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus N Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus D Data points and regression line for t20 versus A Permeability vs void ratio for the Toledo Penn 7 material TABLES Properties of test sections Test results from Scrivner et al Results of regression analysis
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  • 76
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    Cold regions testing of an air-transportable shelter (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/16
    In: CRREL Report, 81-16
    Description / Table of Contents: An air-transportable shelter designed and built at CRREL for use in cold regions underwent testing in Hanover, New Hampshire, and Ft. Greely, Alaska. The shelter demonstrated some of its capabilities for mobility by being towed for more than 60 miles behind various vehicles and by being transported on a C-130 cargo airplane, a CH-47 helicopter, and a trailer truck. The shelter proved to be very easy for a crew of two to four to set up in all weather conditions including -40 F cold. However, the gasoline-powered generator, which was a source for space heat as well as electricity, functioned very poorly. Overall, the prototype successfully demonstrated qualities of self-reliance, ease of operation and thermal efficiency.
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    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-16
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9412
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion factors Summary Introduction Description of shelter Test procedures and results Mobility Ease of erecting and striking Therinal efficiency and performance Heat output Electrical system Habitation Safety features Water system Shelter reliability Structure Performance of other shelters Conclusions Future studies Literature cited
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  • 77
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    Subsea trenching in the Arctic (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/17
    In: CRREL Report, 81-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental conditions are described for the continental shelf of the western Arctic, and for the shelf of Labrador and Newfoundland. Special emphasis is given to the gouging of bottom sediments by ice pressure ridges and icebergs, and an approach to systematic risk analysis is outlined. Protection os subsea pipelines and cables by trenching and direct embedment is discussed, touching on burial depth, degree of protection, and environmental impact. Conventional land techniques can be adapted for trenching across the beach and through the shallows, but in deeper water special equipment is required. The devices discussed include hydraulic dredges, submarine dredges, plows, rippers, water jets, disc saws and wheel ditchers, ladder trenchers and chain saws, routers and slot millers, ladder dredges, vibratory and percussive machines, and blasting systems. Consideration is given to the relative merits of working with seabed vehicles, or alternatively with direct surface support from vessels or from the sea ice
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    Pages: 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-17
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9409
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The western Arctic of North America The continental shelf of Newfoundland and Labrador Burial depth for pipes and cables Degree of protection offered by burial Environmental impact Trenching the beach and the shallows in the western Arctic Trenching beyond the shallows Suction, or hydraulic, dredging Bottom-t raveling cutterhead dredges Plows Rippers Water jets Subsea disc saws and wheel ditchers Subsea ladder trenchers and chain saws Subsea routers and slot millers Bucket ladder trenchers Vibratory and percussive devices Hard rock excavation under water Control and monitoring of subsea machines Vessels and vehicles Trenching from the sea ice Costs of subsea trenching Reference Appendix: Description of waters off Alaska and Newfoundland
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  • 78
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    Hydraulic model study of a water intake under frazil ice conditions (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/3
    In: CRREL Report, 81- 3
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A 1:24 scale hydraulic model study of water intake under frazil ice conditions is presented. The intake, located 9 m below the surface of the St. Lawrence River in Massena, New York,has a through flow of 0.14 m^3/s. The model study, conducted in the refrigerated flume facility of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, investigated methods of minimizing the frazil ice blockage on the intake. Two protective structures were modeled and the relative benefits of each are presented. The additional cross-sectional area provided by the protective structures lowered the vertical velocity component of the intake water to 0.0027 m/s. At this velocity the buoyant force acting on the frazil ice particle is larger than the downward drag force, causing the particle to rise. The results demonstrate that under certain low flow conditions a protective structure can minimize frazil ice blockage problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-03
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9573
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    Hyperbolic reflections on Beaufort Sea seismic records (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/2
    In: CRREL Report, 81-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Many hyperbolic reflections have been observed on marine seismic records obtained during oil exploration in the Beaufort Sea, and on USGS seismic sub-bottom profiles from the Prudhoe Bay vicinity. A hyperbolic projection system was designed to rapidly measure seismic velocities from the curves on the records. The velocities observed were approximately the velocity of sound in water. The hyperbolic signals also showed dispersion properties similar to acoustic normal modes in shallow water. These observations indicate that the signals responsible for the hyperbolic reflections propagate as normal modes within the water layer, with very limited penetration of the seabed. Determinations of the dominant frequency of these signals indicate that the penetration into the seabed has a characteristic attenuation depth (skin depth) of about 1.5 m for the sub-bottom profiles and 12 m for the marine records. It therefore appears that some hyperbolic reflections may be generated by variations in materials that occur near the seabed. There is some evidence of linearity of the anomalies, possibly related to sediment-filled or open ice gouges, or other changes in material properties at shallow depths.
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    Pages: iv, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-2
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9571
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods of analysis Marine seismic records Seismic sub-bottom profiles Results and discussion Distribution of hyperbolic reflections Hyperbolas on oil exploration records Hyperbolas on sub-bottom profiles Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Hyperbola projector
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  • 80
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    Revegetation and selected terrain disturbances along the trans-Alaska pipeline, 1975-1978 (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/12
    In: CRREL Report, 81-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Revegetation techniques along the trans-Alaska pipeline as employed by Alyeska Pipeline Service Company during the 1975-1978 summers were observed. Objectives included determining the success of treatments, identifying problem areas, and noticing long-term implications. Observations and photographs at 60 sites located along the trans-Alaska pipeline indicated frequent occurrence of successful revegetation as well as frequent problems, such as erosion, slope instability, poor scheduling of seed application, occurrence of weed species, failure to optimally reuse topsoil and fine-grained soil, and low rates of native species reinvation. Alyeska's visual impact engineering was observed to be very successful, as shown by high first-season survival. However, a related program for establishing willow cuttings was unsuccessful in 1977 but appeared very promising in 1978 largely due to improved management and more favorable growing conditions. Terrain disturbances due to the construction of the fuel gas line, snowpads, and oil spills were examined to identify and describe related environmental impacts on natural vegetation. Proper construction and use of snowpads minimized the extent and severity of disturbance. Crude oil spills, although damaging to vegetation did not cause total kill of vegetation, and certain types of spills may have only short-term effects. Results of restoration research by CRREL along the trans-Alaska pipeline are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 115 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-12
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9467
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Revegetation procedures 1975-1978 construction seasons Willow cutting program Visual impact engineering program Selected terrain disturbances Fuel gas line and snowpads Island Lake and oil line snowpads Oil spills and revegetation CRREL restoration sites Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: List of sites observed during 1975 Appendix B: Annotated photographs of permanent revegetation observation sites-1975-1978 Appendix C: Photographic record of fuel gas line observation sites
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  • 81
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    Series available for loan
    VHF electrical properties of frozen ground near Point Barrow, Alaska (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/13
    In: CRREL Report, 81-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrical properties of frozen ground were measured using radio frequency interferometry (RFI) in the very high frequency (VHF) radiowave band. Ice-rich organic silts and sands and gravels of variable ice content were investigated during early April of both 1979 and 1980. Frequencies between 10 and 150 MHz were used with best results obtained between 40 and 100 MHz. Surface impedance and magnetic induction techniques were also used to obtain an independent measure of low frequency resistivity and to obtain a separate control on vertical inhomogeneity. Soil samples were tested for organic and water content. The dielectric constants determined for the ice-rich organic silts ranged from 4.0 to 5.5 while those for the sands and gravels were about 5.1. Dielectric loss was due to d.c. conduction and was very low for the silts but significant for the sands and gravels. The higher values for the sands and gravels were most likely due to the higher concentrations of salt that are reported to exist in the old beach ridges in this region. All the RFI measurements are believed to be indicative of only the first few meters of the ground although the radiowaves could penetrate to tens of meters.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-13
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9466
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Theory and instrumentation Radio frequency interferometry Case 1: Homogeneous ground model Case 2: Two-layer ground model RFI instrumentation Low frequency methods Point Barrow sites Results and discussion Site 1: Tundra Site 2: Beach ridge Site 3: Marsh Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of low-frequency geophysical methods
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  • 82
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    United Kingdom Antarctic research 1983 report : April 1982-September 1983: record of activities ; October 1983-September 1984: planned activities (1983)
    London : The Royal Society, British National Committee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: MOP 46292/A / Mitte
    In: United Kingdom Antarctic research report, 1983
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Series Statement: United Kingdom Antarctic research report 1983
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Monograph available for loan
    Seminar on graphical applications in meteorology : 19-23 October 1981 (1981)
    Reading, Berkshire : European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
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    Call number: MOP 45661 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Manufacturing processes for design professionals (2007)
    London : Thames & Hudson
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    Call number: IASS 21.94677
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 528 S , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst , 29cm
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 0500513759 (hbk.) , 9780500513750 (hbk.)
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/toc/53748101X_toc.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    The politics of unsustainability : eco-politics in the post-ecologist era (2008)
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
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    Call number: IASS 20.94318
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 207 Seiten , 24cm
    ISBN: 9781138882331 , 9780415466202
    Series Statement: Environmental politics
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Monograph available for loan
    A guide for references and distribution for the class Bacillariophyceae in Chile between 18°28'S and 58°S (1983)
    Vaduz : Cramer
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    Call number: AWI Bio-21-94346
    In: Bibliotheca diatomologica, 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 Seiten
    ISBN: 3768213757
    Series Statement: Bibliotheca diatomologica 3
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Report of the meeting of the JSC Working Group on Alpex and focal points : (Geneva, 28-30 April 1980) (1980)
    Geneva : WMO
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    Call number: MOP 45063 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 88
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    Diversity and ecology of benthic diatom communities in relation to acidity, acidification and recovery of lakes and rivers (2007)
    Ruggell : Gantner
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    Call number: AWI Bio-21-94355
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 168 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783906166568
    Series Statement: Diatom monographs 9
    URL: Table of Contents
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. AIMS AND SCOPE 3. NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACIDIFICATION AND ITS ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES 3.1. The role of water pH 3.2. Description of natural and anthropogenic acid sources 3.3. Anthropogenic acidification and its ecological consequences 3.4. Diatoms as indicators of water acidity and related factors 4. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4.1. Field samples 4.2. Laboratory methods 4.3. Data analysis 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREAS 6. RESULTS 6.1. Diatom community patterns vs. water chemistry in relation to different water types 6.2. Diatom community patterns in relation to altitude 6.3. Diatom community patterns in relation to dijf'erent geographical regions in Poland and Finland 6.4. Diatoms as indicators of pH, alkalinity and TOC 6.5. Restoration and recovery of acidified aquatic ecosystems 6.5.1. Diatoms as indicators of restoration: effect of water neutralization 6.5.2. Diatoms as indicators of lake recovery 7. DISCUSSION 8. NOTES ON AUTECOLOGY OF SELECTED DIATOM TAXA 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES APPENDIX (Codes of diatom taxa used in the graphs and tables) PLATES
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  • 89
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    The Phanerozoic time-scale : a symposium dedicated to Professor Arthur Holmes (1964)
    London : Geological Society of London
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    Call number: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.31 (e-book)
    In: Special publications / the Geological Society, London, Volume [1]
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 458 Seiten) , Illustrationen , 1 Corrigenda
    Series Statement: The quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London : Supplement 120
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.31
    DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.31
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents Part 1: Introduction Arthur Holmes Frederick Henry Stewart Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 1-11, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.03 The history of attempts to establish a quantitative time-scale L. R. Wager Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 13-28, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.04 A review of recent Phanerozoic time-scales N. J. Snelling Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 29-36, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.05 Sedimentation rates in relation to the Phanerozoic time-scale J. D. Hudson Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 37-42, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.06 The relationship between radiometric ages obtained from plutonic complexes and stratigraphical time R. St J. Lambert Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 43-54, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.07 The geological significance of radiometric age studies on volcanic and hypabyssal rocks F. J. Fitch and J. A. Miller Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 55-69, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.08 Part 2: Radiometric Methods with Respect to the Time-Scale Uranium–thorium–lead age-determinations with respect to the phanerozoic time-scale A. G. Darnley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 73-86, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.09 The rubidium–strontium method Stephen Moorbath Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 87-99, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.10 Potassium—argon methods with special reference to basic igneous rocks John Alfred Miller and Frank John Fitch Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 101-117, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.11 Potassium—argon ages of sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks Halfdan Baadsgaard and Martin Henry Dodson Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 119-127, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.12 Potassium—argon decay constants and age tables Alan Gilbert Smith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 129-141, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.13 Part 3: Original Data Glauconite dates from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Martin Henry Dodson, David Charles Rex, Raymond Casey and Percival Allen Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 145-158, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.14 The age of the paroxysmal Variscan orogeny in England Frank Joseph Fitch and John Alfred Miller Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 159-175, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.15 Part 4: Stratigraphical Review The Tertiary period Brian Michael Funnell Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 179-191, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.16 The Cretaceous period Raymond Casey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 193-202, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.17 The Jurassic period Michael Kingsley Howarth Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 203-205, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.18 The Triassic period Edward Timothy Tozer Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 207-209, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.19 The Permian period Denys Barker Smith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 211-220, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.20 The Carboniferous period Edward Howel Francis and Austin William Woodland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 221-232, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.21 The Devonian period Peter Furneaux Friend and Michael Robert House Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 233-236, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.22 The Silurian period I. Strachan Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 237-240, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.23 The Ordovician period H. B. Whittington and A. Williams Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 241-254, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.24 The Cambrian period J. W. Cowie Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 255-258, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.25 GENERAL DISCUSSION OF PAPAERS IN PART 4S Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 259, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.26 Summary of the Phanerozoic time-scale: the Geological Society Phanerozoic time-scale 1964 Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 260-262, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.27 Part 5: Abstracts of Published Radiometric and Stratigraphical Data with Comments Introduction Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 265-268, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.28 Items Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 269-442, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.29 Erratum Errata Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 443, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.01 Corrigenda Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1, 444, 1 January 1964, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.30
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.12
    The geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean (1984)
    Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell
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    Details
    Call number: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.68 (e-book)
    In: Special publications / the Geological Society, London, Volume 17
    Description / Table of Contents: The Eastern Mediterranean is an excellent ‘field laboratory’ for the study of fundamental processes of continental rifting, passive margin development, ophiolite generation and emplacement and the tectonic, magmatic and sedimentary effects of continental collision. Since its publication in 1984, The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean has proved to be an invaluable aid to research in this important region. Many of the papers are classics that report basic data and tectonic interpretations that still remain valid today. The individual papers summarize a large amount of international research that was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region during the previous decade. This volume was the first integrated overview of one of the world’s most complex orogenic areas. The editors have added an outline of the main research developments since 1984 and key references to the more recent literature; several figures have been redrawn and the volume is now fully indexed.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 836 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0632011440 , 1-897799-66-7 , 1897799667
    Series Statement: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 17
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.68
    DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.68
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Recent research developments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:xi-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.01 --- A. H. F. Robertson and J. E. Dixon: Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:1-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.02 --- 1. Palaeotethys --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:75-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.03 --- A. M. C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, and O. Sungurlu: Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:77-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.04 --- Olivier Monod and Ergün Akay: Evidence for a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic orogenic event in the Taurides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:113-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.05 --- I. E. Kerey: Facies and tectonic setting of the Upper Carboniferous rocks of Northwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:123-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.06 --- E. Demirtaşh: Stratigraphic evidence of Variscan and early Alpine tectonics in Southern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:129-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.07 --- 2. Neoththys --- Levant and North African offshore: Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:147-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.08 --- M. Delaune-Mayere: Evolution of a Mesozoic passive continental margin: Baër-Bassit (NW Syria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:151-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.09 --- G. Sestini: Tectonic and sedimentary history of the NE African margin (Egypt—Libya) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:161-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.10 --- Gdaliahu Gvirtzman and Tuvia Weissbrod: The Hercynian Geanticline of Helez and the Late Palaeozoic history of the Levant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.11 --- Z. Garfunkel and B. Derin: Permian-early Mesozoic tectonism and continental margin formation in Israel and its implications for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.12 --- Yehezkeel Druckman: Evidence for Early-Middle Triassic faulting and possible rifting from the Helez Deep Borehole in the coastal plain of Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:203-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.13 --- Abdulkader M. Abed: Emergence of Wadi Mujib (Central Jordan) during Lower Cenomanian time and its regional tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:213-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.14 --- F. Hirsch: The Arabian sub-plate during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:217-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.15 --- Michel Delaloye and Jean-Jacques Wagner: Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of the Arabian plate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:225-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.16 --- 3. Neotethys: Turkey --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:235-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.17 --- A. Poisson: The extension of the Ionian trough into southwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:241-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.18 --- A. H. F. Robertson and N. H. Woodcock: The SW segment of the Antalya Complex, Turkey as a Mesozoic-Tertiary Tethyan continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:251-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.19 --- J. W. F. Waldron: Structural history of the Antalya Complex in the ‘Isparta angle’, Southwest Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.20 --- A. B. Hayward: Miocene clastic sedimentation related to the emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and the Antalya Complex, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:287-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.21 --- Hubert Whitechurch, Thierry Juteau, and Raymond Montigny: Role of the Eastern Mediterranean ophiolites (Turkey, Syria, Cyprus) in the history of the Neo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:301-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.22 --- Ingrid Reuber: Mylonitic ductile shear zones within tectonites and cumulates as evidence for an oceanic transform fault in the Antalya ophiolite, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:319-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.23 --- Pınar O. Yılmaz: Fossil and K-Ar data for the age of the Antalya complex, S W Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.24 --- L. E. Ricou, J. Marcoux, and H. Whitechurch: The Mesozoic organization of the Taurides: one or several ocean basins? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:349-359, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.25 --- A. Michard, H. Whitechurch, L. E. Ricou, R. Montigny, and E. Yazgan: Tauric subduction (Malatya-Elazıǧ provinces) and its bearing on tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:361-373, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.26 --- G. Aktaş and A. H. F. Robertson: The Maden Complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:375-402, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.27 --- Cahit Helvaci and William L. Griffin: Rb-Sr geochronology of the Bitlis Massif, Avnik (Bingöl) area, S.E. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:403-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.28 --- Ömer T. Akıncı: The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:415-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.29 --- A. I. Okay and N. Özgül: HP/LT metamorphism and the structure of the Alanya Massif, Southern Turkey: an allochthonous composite tectonic sheet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:429-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.30 --- Teoman N. Norman: The role of the Ankara Melange in the development of Anatolia (Turkey) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:441-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.31 --- Ayla Tankut: Basic and ultrabasic rocks from the Ankara Melange, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:449-454, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.32 --- A. I. Okay: Distribution and characteristics of the north-west Turkish blueschists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:455-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.33 --- N. Görür, F.Y. Oktay, İ. Seymen, and A. M. C. Şengör: Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:467-482, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.34 --- J. P. Lauer: Geodynamic evolution of Turkey and Cyprus based on palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:483-491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.35 --- 4. Neotethys: Greece and the Balkans --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:493-498, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.36 --- Robert Hall, M. G. Audley-Charles, and D. J. Carter: The significance of Crete for the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:499-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.37 --- Michel Bonneau: Correlation of the Hellenide nappes in the south-east Aegean and their tectonic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:517-527, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.38 --- M. Okrusch, P. Richter
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    facet.materialart.12
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    The fossil record : a symposium with documentation (1967)
    London : Geological Society of London
    Associated volumes
    Details
    Call number: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 (e-book)
    In: Special publications / the Geological Society, London, Volume 2
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 827 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 2
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01
    DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents Introduction Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 1-11, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 The symposium meeting Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 13-14, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.02 Part I: Symposium Papers Introduction to Part I Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 15-16, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.03 Life in Pre-Cambrian and early Cambrian times John Watson Cowie Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 17-35, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.04 The significance of certain trace-fossil ranges Roland Goldring Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 37-39, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.05 Fluctuations in the evolution of Palaeozoic intertebrates Michael Robert House Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 41-54, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.06 The origins of some Silurian enteletacean brachiopods Victor Gordon Walmsley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 55-56, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.07 Permo-Triassic extinction Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 57-76, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.08 Changes in terrestrial vertebrate faunas during the Mesozoic C. B. Cox Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 77-89, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.09 Some Cretaceous-Tertiary marine faunal changes John Michael Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 91-104, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.10 Major features of the evolution of echinoids Graeme Maxwell Philip Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 105-106, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.11 Plant-insect relationships in Palaeozoic and later time Norman Francis Hughes and John Smart Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 107-117, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.12 Biochemical evolution and the fossil record Lambert Beverly Halstead Tarlo Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 119-132, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.13 Fossil birds and their adaptive radiation James Fisher Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 133-154, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.14 General Discussion Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 155-156, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.15 Part II: Documentation of the Fossil Record Introduction to Part II Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 158-159, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.16 Plantae Plantae N. F. H. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 162, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.17 Chapter 1 Thallophyta—1 H. P. Banks, K. I. M. Chesters, N. F. Hughes, G. A. L. Johnson, H. M. Johnson and L. R. Moore Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 163-180, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.18 Chapter 2 Thallophyta—2 M. Black, C. Downie, R. Ross and W. A. S. Sarjeant Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 181-209, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.19 Chapter 3 Bryophyta and Charophyta* L. J. Grambast and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 211-217, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.20 Chapter 4 Pteridophyta—1 H. P. Banks, W. G. Chaloner and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 219-231, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.21 Chapter 5 Pteridophyta—2 H. P. Banks, M. G. Collett, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 233-245, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.22 Chapter 6 Gymnospermophyta K.L. Alvin, P. D. W. Barnard, T.M. Harris, N. F. Hughes, R. H. Wagner and A. Wesley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 247-268, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.23 Chapter 7 Angiospermae K. I. M. Chesters, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 269-288, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.24 Invertebrata Invertebrata M. J. S. R. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 290, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.25 Chapter 8 Protozoa F. T. Banner, W. J. Clarke, J. L. Cutbill, F. E. Eames, A. J. Lloyd, W. R. Riedel and A. H. Smout Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 291-332, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.26 Chapter 9 Porifera and Archaeocyatha R. M. Finks and D. Hill Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 333-345, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.27 Chapter 10 Coelenterata G. A. L. Johnson, I. D. Sutton, F. M. Taylor and G. Thomas Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 347-378, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.28 Chapter 11 Bryozoa G. P. Larwood, A. W. Medd, D. E. Owen and R. Tavener-Smith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 379-395, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.29 Chapter 12 Brachiopoda D. V. Ager, P. Copper, G. M. Dunlop, G. F. Elliott, F. A. Middlemiss, A. J. Rowell, A. Williams and A. D. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 397-421, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.30 Chapter 13 Mollusca: Amphineura, Monoplacophora and Gastropoda D. Curry and N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 423-430, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.31 Chapter 14 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) C.H. Holland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 431-443, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.32 Chapter 15 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea) D. T. Donovan, F. Hodson, M. K. Howarth, M. R. House, E. T. Tozer and C. W. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 445-460, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.33 Chapter 16 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea) D. T. Donovan and J. M. Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 461-467, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.34 Chapter 17 Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Bivalvia N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 469-477, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.35 Chapter 18 Arthropoda: Protarthropoda and Trilobitomorpha J. W. Cowie, W. T. Dean, R. Goldring, W. D. I. Rolfe, A. W. A. Rushton, J. T. Temple and R. P. Tripp Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 479-497, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.36
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    Biology of bryophytes (2005)
    New Dehli : New Age International Publishers
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    Call number: AWI Bio-22-94883
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 349 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Reprint 2005
    ISBN: 0470213590 , 085226240X , 81-224-1343-9
    URL: http://digitale-objekte.hbz-nrw.de/storage/2008/10/23/file_14/2621664.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword, by Professor Dr. Martin Bopp Preface Acknowledgements 1. EXPERIMENTS ON SPORES AND GEMMAE Spore Germination in Liverwort - Jungermanniales, Marchantiales, Anthocerotales, Sphaerocarpales; Types of Spore Germination in Mosses - Sphagnales, Andreaeales, Tetraphidales, Bryales Factors Affecting Spore Germination - Light, Temperature, Sugars, Minerals, Growth Regulators, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), OtheT Factors Mechanism of Spore Germination Experiments on Gemmae - light, Temperature, Humidity and other Physical Factors, Growth Regulators, Nitrogenous Substances, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), Other Chemical Factors References 2. PROTONEMAL DIFFERENTIATION AND BUD FORMATION IN MOSSES Protonemal Differentiation Bud Formation Factors Affecting Bud Formation - Light, Temperature, Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, Adenine and Amino Acids, Minerals and Chelates Vitamins, Abscisic Acid, Sugars, pH, Influence of Other Organisms References. 3. REGENERATION Potentialities of Various Organs for Regeneration - Regeneration from Leaves, Regeneration from Setae Morphology of Régénérants Factors Affecting Regeneration - Light. Radiation, pH, Season, Humidity. Wounding, Temperature, Size of the Fragment Reserve Food Material. Location in the Plant, Age, Correlative Inhibition. Polarity and Apical Dominance Changes Occurring in Regenerating Cells References 4. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY Factors Affecting Gametangial Induction - Light Duration, Light Level, Light Quality. Temperature, Temperature-Photoperiod Interaction. Humidity. Hydration. Carbohydrates. Nitrogenous Substances, Growth Regulators, Chelating Agents, pH and Other Factors References 5. ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS IN LIFE CYCLE Apogamy - Occurrence of Apogamy in Diplophase and Haplophase, Spore Production in Apogamous Sporophytes, Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes from Callus, Factors Controlling Differentiation of Apogamous Sporophytes: Exogenous Factors, Endogenous Factors, Differentiation of Sporophyte and Gametophyte, Role of Calyptra in Sporogon Development Apospory Callus Formation and its Differentiation - Formation of Callus. Differentiation in Callus Controls in Differentiation Alternation of Generations References 6. PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS Spore Germination - Liverworts, Mosses Growth - Liverworts, Mosses Vegetative Propagation - Liverworts, Mosses Metabolism - Liverworts. Mosses; Senescence Bud Induction in Mosses Tropic Responses - Liverworts, Mosses References. 7. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES Spore Protonema Stem Leaf Gametangia - Antheridium Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Sporogenesis - Spore Sac or Tapetum. Fluctuation in Plastid Number, Structural Changes in Plastids, Cytoplasm, and Other Organelles. Meiosis. Spore Wall Formation Sporophyte-Ganietophyte Junction Seta Histoenzymological Studies - Localization of Enzymes in the Haustorial Foot References 8. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF BRYOPHYTES Antibiotics Growth Substances - Specified Growth Substances, Non-specified Growth Substances Lipids - Alkanes, Fatty Acids, Cuticular Components Terpenoids - Monoterpenoids, Sesquiterpenoids, Ditetpenoids, Triterpenoids and Sterols Flavonoids - Flavones, Isoflavones, Flavonols, Dihydrofiavonoids and Biflavonyls, Aurones and Chalcones, Acylated Flavonoids, Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins, Sphagnorubins Lignins; Other Constitutents - Carotenoids, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Dihydrostilbenes, Enzymes, Amino Acids and Quinones, Inorganic Compounds, Miscellaneous, Antitumour Activities, Allergenic Activities References 9. BRYOPHYTES AS INDICATORS OF POLLUTION Heavy Metals - Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Mercury, Arsenates, Chromium, Nickel. Vanadium Stability Pattern of Metal Ions Metal Tolerance - Copper Mosses, Peat Mosses Gaseous Pollutants - Sulphur dioxide. Fluorides, Ozone Radionuclides (Radio Isotopes) - Cesium. Strontium, Uranium; Radiations References. 10. PROTOPLAST CULTURE Isolation of Protoplasts - Mechanical Method, Enzymatic Method, Source Material for Protoplasts, Factors Affecting Protoplast Isolation: Culture of Protoplasts—Liquid Culture Agar Plating of Protoplasts: Regeneration of Protoplasts - Factors Affecting Regeneration Protoplast Fusion and Somatic Hybrids Induction and Isolation of Mutants References. 11. CONDUCTION IN BRYOPHYTES External Conduction - Gametophyte. Sporophyte, Significance of External Conduction Internal Conduction - Cells Involved in Conduction, Anatomy of the Horizontal Axis, Midribs and Leaf Traces. Conducting Strand in Seta and Capsule, Development and Structure of Mature Conducting Tissues. The Interphase, Internal Conduction of Water, Conduction of Organic Compounds; Evolutionary Trends in the Conducting Strands References. 12. WATER RELATIONS Absorption and Conduction of Water - Endohydric.' Ectohydric, Myxohydric Water Holding Capacity and Growth Rate Desiccation and Rehydration Mechanism of Damage Growth-Forms References SUBJECT INDEX PLANT INDEX AUTHOR INDEX
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    Biodiversity, ecology and conservation of littoral ecosystems in southeastern Madagascar, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) (2007)
    Washington, DC : Smithsonian Institution
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    Call number: MR 22.94991
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    ISBN: 978-1893912-00-7
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    Language: English
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    SEM petrology atlas (1984)
    Tulsa, Oklahoma : American Ass. of Petroleum Geologists
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    Call number: MR 22.94992
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 237 Seiten , überwiegend Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 0-89181-653-4
    Series Statement: AAPG methods in exploration series 4
    URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001391560&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
    Language: English
    Note: INTRODUCTION WHY SEM ANALYSIS? FORMAT SAMPLE PREPARATION HOW THE SEM WORKS THE SEM MICROGRAPH ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY SEM EDX ANALYSIS OF MINERALS SILICATES Silica Quartz Cristobalite (Opal-CT) Opal (Opal-A) Feldspars Potassium Feldspar Resorbed Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar with K-Feldspar Overgrowths Resorbed Plagioclase Feldspar Clays Chlorite Illite Kaolinite Halloysite Smectite Nontronite Hectorite Illite-smectite Corrensite Glauconite Rectorite Palygorskite Vermiculite Zeolites Analcime Chabazite Clinoptilolite Erionite Heulandite Laumontite Mordenite Phillipsite Thomsonite Yugawaralite Micas Biotite Muscovite Phlogopite Amphiboles Hornblende Actinolite Riebeckite Pyroxenes Augite Hypersthene Others Talc Chrysotile Sphene CARBONATES Calcite Dolomite Ferroan Dolomite/Ankerite Siderite Chalk PHOSPHATES Apatite Collophane Florencite HALIDES Halite SULFIDES Pyrite Sphalerite SULFATES Gypsum Anhydrite Copiapite Melanterite Barite OXIDES Hematite and Goethite Rutile Magnetite llmenite MISCELLANEOUS Wood ENERGY TABLE OF CHARACTERISTIC X-RAY TRANSITIONS GLOSSARY REFERENCES
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    Field guide for hydrologic responses to degrading permafrost : August 9-12, 2005 ; University of Alaska Fairbanks (2005)
    Fairbanks : University of Alaska
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    Call number: AWI G3-23-94993
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    Užitá geofyzika : Sborník praci Ústavu užité geofyziky; 1961 (1962)
    Praha : Nakladatelství Československé Akademie věd
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    Call number: O 3037
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    Pages: 304 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten , 9 Karten
    Language: Czech , German , Russian , English
    Note: 1961 , In tschechischer Sprache mit russischen, deutschen und englischen Zusammenfassungen
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    The cryosphere and global environmental change (2007)
    Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Blackwell
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    Call number: AWI G3-23-95310
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 261 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 140512976X , 1-4051-2976-X , 978-1-4051-2976-3
    Series Statement: Environmental systems and global change series 1
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface 1 The evidence for cryospheric change 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The geomorphic and hydrologic effects of cryospheric change 1.3 Sub-arctic and alpine hydrology 1.4 Glacier loss and mountain permafrost 1.5 Permafrost 1.6 The carbon balance of the cryosphere 1.7 River and lake ice break-up and freeze-up 1.8 Ocean circulation 1.9 The mass balance of the polar ice sheets 1.10 Sea level 1.11 Importance of sea ice. 1.12 Ecological impacts 1.13 Socio-economic effects 1.14 Conclusions (Text word count-including figure captions and tables but excluding references- 9,015) 2 The monitoring of cryospheric change 2.1 Introduction 2.2 In situ measurements 2.2.1 Land surface air temperature 2.2.2 Terrestrial snow and snow on sea ice 2.2.3 Sea ice 2.2.4 Ice sheets and alpine glaciers 2.2.5 Permafrost and seasonally frozen ground 2.2.6 River runoff 2.2.7 River and lake ice freeze-up and break-up 2.3 Conclusions 3 Processes of cryospheric change 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Snow and ice as energy regulators 3.2.1 The energetics of the snow surface 3.2.2 The energetics of the snowpack 3.2.3 The energetics of glaciers 3.2.4 The energetics of sea ice and various terrain types 3.2.5 Permafrost 3.3 Snow and ice reservoir functions 3.3.1 Mass budget for snow 3.3.2 Mass balance for glacier ice 3.3.3 The mass balance of an ice sheet 3.3.4 Mass balance of sea ice 3.4 Snowfall 3.4.1 Interception by vegetation 3.4.2 Snow accumulation 3.4.3 Snow cover structure 3.5 Snow avalanches 3.6 Snow melt, runoff and streamflow generation 3.7 Snow chemistry 3.8 Snow ecology 3.9 Glacier melt 3.10 Formation of an ice cover 3.11 River and lake ice 3.12 Sediment budgets 4 Patterns of the contemporary cryosphere at local to global scales 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Remote sensing observations 4.3 Land and sea surface temperature 4.3.1 Terrestrial snow and snow on sea ice 4.3.2 Sea ice 4.3.3 Ice sheets & glaciers: estimation of volume 4.3.4 Ice sheets & glaciers: mass balance components 4.3.5 Permafrost 4.3.6 River runoff 4.3.7 River and lake ice freeze-up/break-up 4.4 Numerical Models 4.5 Conclusions: validation, coordinated projects and climate data records 5 The evidence for past cryospheric changes 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The uniqueness of the Quaternary Period 5.3. Initiation of glacial ages 5.4 Reconstructing extent of glacial environments 5.5 Extreme events 5.6 Ice sheet modelling 5.6.1 The Antarctic Ice Sheet 5.6.2 Greenland 5.6.3 North America: Innuitian, Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets 5.6.4 British Isles, Scandinavian and Barents ice sheets 5.6.5 The Patagonian and New Zealand ice caps 5.7 Non-glacial Quaternary environments 5.7.1 Late Quaternary permafrost in North America and Europe 5.7.2 Treeline variations 5.7.3 Climatic snowline 5.7.4 Glacier fluctuations 5.7.5 Paraglaciation 6 The transience of the cryosphere and transitional landscapes 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The landscape as palimpsest 6.2 Glacial landscapes: macro scale 6.2.1 Cirque landscapes 6.2.2 Fjord and strandflat landscapes 6.3 Periglacial landscapes: macro-scale 6.4 Paraglacial landscapes: macro-scale 6.5 Glacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.5.1 The transition from glacial to fluvial dominance 6.6 Proglacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.6.1 Glacifluvial landforms 6.6.2 The Channeled Scablands 6.6.3 Sub-glacial channels 6.6.4 Sub-glacial, ice-marginal and supraglacial sediment-landform associations 6.7 Periglacial landscapes: medium scale 6.7.1 The transition from periglacial to fluvial dominance 6.8 Paraglacial landscapes: medium-scale 6.9 Glacial landscapes: local-scale 6.9.1 Primary glacigenic deposits 6.9.2 Small scale erosional forms 6.10 Proglacial landscapes: local-scale 6.11 Periglacial landscapes: local scale 6.13 Paraglacial landscapes: local-scale 6.13 Landscape resistance, collapse and recovery 6.14 Transitional landscapes at Quaternary, Holocene and Anthropocene timescales 7 Cryospheric change and vulnerability at Quaternary, Holocene and Anthropocene time scales 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Panarchy 7.2.1 Panarchy, sustainability and transformability 7.2.2 Collapse and the vulnerability of socio-economic systems 7.3 Changing ice cover and biomes since the Last Glacial Maximum 7.3.1 The Last Glacial Maximum 7.3.2 The Holocene Optimum 7.4 The first explorers in North America 7.5 Implications of cryospheric change/collapse 7.5.1 Snow quantity 7.5.2 Snow quality 7.5.3 River and lake ice 7.5.4 Permafrost 7.5.5 Glaciers 7.5.6 River basins 7.5.7 Sea ice 7.5.8 Ice sheets 7.5.9 Sea level change 7.5.10 Carbon sequestration 7.5.11 Vegetation 7.5.12 Polar bears 7.5.13 Human health 7.5.14 Persistent organic pollutants 7.5.15 Socio-cultural conditions and health status 7.5.16 Livelihoods and socio-economic conditions 7.5.17 Governance 7.6 Concluding thoughts References Index
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    Proceedings of the International Workshop on Physics of Active Fault : 26 - 27 Feb., 2002, Tsukuba, Japan , NIED (2009)
    Tsukuba : National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
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    Details Availability
    Call number: M 19.95290
    In: Technical note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 1 v. (various pagings) , ill., maps (some col.) , 1 CD-ROM (digital ; 4 3/4 in.) , 30 cm.
    Series Statement: Technical note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention 234
    Language: English
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    The foundations of econometric analysis (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Call number: PIK 24-95567
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 558 S , graph. Darst
    Edition: Repr.
    ISBN: 0521588707 , 9780521588706 , 9780521380430
    URL: Inhaltstext
    Language: English
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    Python scripting for computational science (2009)
    Berlin : Springer
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    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI S4-19-91819
    In: Texts in computational science and engineering, 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIV, 750 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: third edition, corrected 2nd printing 2009
    ISBN: 3540739157 , 9783540739159 , 9783540739166 (electronic)
    Series Statement: Texts in computational science and engineering 3
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/598351329.PDF
    URL: Inhaltstext
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Scripting versus Traditional Programming 1.1.1 Why Scripting is Useful in Computational Science 1.1.2 Classification of Programming Languages 1.1.3 Productive Pairs of Programming Languages 1.1.4 Gluing Existing Applications 1.1.5 Scripting Yields Shorter Code 1.1.6 Efficiency 1.1.7 Type-Specification (Declaration) of Variables 1.1.8 Flexible Function Interfaces 1.1.9 Interactive Computing 1.1.10 Creating Code at Run Time 1.1.11 Nested Heterogeneous Data Structures 1.1.12 GUI Programming 1.1.13 Mixed Language Programming 1.1.14 When to Choose a Dynamically Typed Language 1.1.15 Why Python? 1.1.16 Script or Program? 1.2 Preparations for Working with This Book 2 Getting Started with Python Scripting 2.1 A Scientific Hello World Script 2.1.1 Executing Python Scripts 2.1.2 Dissection of the Scientific Hello World Script 2.2 Working with Files and Data 2.2.1 Problem Specification 2.2.2 The Complete Code 2.2.3 Dissection 2.2.4 Working with Files in Memory 2.2.5 Array Computing 2.2.6 Interactive Computing and Debugging 2. 2.7 Efficiency Measurements 2.2.8 Exercises 2.3 Gluing Stand-Alone Applications 2.3.1 The Simulation Code 2.3.2 Using Gnuplot to Visualize Curves 2.3.3 Functionality of the Script 2.3.4 The Complete Code 2.3.5 Dissection 2.3.6 Exercises 2.4 Conducting Numerical Experiments 2.4.1 Wrapping a Loop Around Another Script 2.4.2 Generating an HTML Report 2.4.3 Making Animations 2.4.4 Varying Any Parameter 2.5 File Format Conversion 2.5.1 A Simple Read/Write Script 2.5.2 Storing Data in Dictionaries and Lists 2.5.3 Making a Module with Functions 2.5.4 Exercises 3 Basic Python 3.1 Introductory Topics 3.1.1 Recommended Python Documentation 3.1.2 Control Statements 3.1.3 Running Applications 3.1.4 File Reading and Writing 3.1.5 Output Formatting 3.2 Variables of Different Types 3.2.1 Boolean Types 3.2.2 The None Variable 3.2.3 Numbers and Numerical Expressions 3.2.4 Lists and Tuples 3.2.5 Dictionaries 3.2.6 Splitting and Joining Text 3.2.7 String Operations 3.2.8 Text Processing 3.2.9 The Basics of a Python Class 3.2.10 Copy and Assignment 3.2.11 Determining a Variable's Type 3.2.12 Exercises 3.3 Functions 3.3.1 Keyword Arguments 3.3.2 Doc Strings 3.3.3 Variable Number of Arguments 3.3.4 Call by Reference 3.3.5 Treatment of Input and Output Arguments 3.3.6 Function Objects 3.4 Working with Files and Directories 3.4.1 Listing Files in a Directory 3.4.2 Testing File Types 3.4.3 Removing Files and Directories 3.4.4 Copying and Renaming Files 3.4.5 Splitting Pathnames 3.4.6 Creating and Moving to Directories 3.4.7 Traversing Directory Trees 3.4.8 Exercises 4 Numerical Computing in Python 4.1 A Quick NumPy Primer 4.1.1 Creating Arrays 4.1.2 Array Indexing 4.1.3 Loops over Arrays 4.1.4 Array Computations 4.1.5 More Array Functionality 4.1.6 Type Testing 4.1.7 Matrix Objects 4.1.8 Exercises 4.2 Vectorized Algorithms 4.2.1 From Scalar to Array in Function Arguments 4.2.2 Slicing 4.2.3 Exercises 4.3 More Advanced Array Computing 4.3.1 Random Numbers 4.3.2 Linear Algebra 4.3.3 Plotting 4.3.4 Example: Curve Fitting 4.3.5 Arrays on Structured Grids 4.3.6 File I/O with NumPy Arrays 4.3.7 Functionality in the Numpyutils Module 4.3.8 Exercises 4.4 Other Tools for Numerical Computations 4.4.1 The ScientificPython Package 4.4.2 The SciPy Package 4.4.3 The Python- Matlab Interface 3 4.4.4 Symbolic Computing in Python 4.4.5 Some Useful Python Modules 5 Combining Python with Fortran, C, and C++ 5.1 About Mixed Language Programming 5.1.1 Applications of Mixed Language Programming 5.1.2 Calling C from Python 5.1.3 Automatic Generation of Wrapper Code 5.2 Scientific Hello World Examples 5.2.1 Combining Python and Fortran 5.2.2 Combining Python and C 5.2.3 Combining Python and C++ Functions 5.2.4 Combining Python and C++ Classes 5.2.5 Exercises 5.3 A Simple Computational Steering Example 5.3.1 Modified Time Loop for Repeated Simulations 5.3.2 Creating a P ython Interface 5.3.3 The Steering Python Script 5.3.4 Equipping the Steering Script with a GUI 5.4 Scripting Interfaces to Large Libraries 6 Introduction to GUI Programming 6.1 Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.1 Introductory Topics 6.1.2 The First Python/Tkinter Encounter 6.1.3 Binding Events 6.1.4 Changing the Layout 6.1.5 The Final Scientific Hello World GUI 6.1.6 An Alternative to Tkinter Variables 6.1.7 About the Pack Command 6.1.8 An Introduction to the Grid Geometry Manager 6.1.9 Implementing a GUI as a Class 6.1.10 A Simple Graphical Function Evaluator 6.1.11 Exercises 6.2 Adding GUis to Scripts 6.2.1 A Simulation and Visualization Script with a GUI 6.2.2 Improving the Layout 6.2.3 Exercises 6.3 A List of Common Widget Operations 6.3.1 Frame 6.3.2 Label 6.3.3 Button 6.3.4 Text Entry 6.3.5 Balloon Help 6.3.6 Option Menu 6.3.7 Slider 6.3.8 Check Button 6.3.9 Making a Simple Megawidget 6.3.10 Menu Bar 6.3.11 List Data 6.3.12 Listbox 6.3.13 Radio Button 6.3.14 Combo Box 6.3.15 Message Box 6.3.16 User-Defined Dialogs 6.3.17 Color-Picker Dialogs 6.3.18 File Selection Dialogs 6.3.19 Toplevel 6.3.20 Some Other Types of Widgets 6.3.21 Adapting Widgets to the User's Resize Actions 6.3.22 Customizing Fonts and Colors 6.3.23 Widget Overview 6.3.24 Exercises 7 Web Interfaces and CGI Programming 7.1 Introductory CGI Scripts 7.1.1 Web Forms and CGI Scripts 7.1.2 Generating Forms in CGI Scripts 7.1.3 Debugging CGI Scripts 7.1.4 A General Shell Script Wrapper for CGI Scripts 7.1.5 Security Issues 7.2 Adding Web Interfaces to Scripts 7.2.1 A Class for Form Parameters 7.2.2 Calling Other Programs 7.2.3 Running Simulations 7.2.4 Getting a CGI Script to Work 7.2.5 Using Web Applications from Scripts 7.2.6 Exercises 8 Advanced Python 8.1 Miscellaneous Topics 8.1.1 Parsing Command-Line Arguments 8.1.2 Platform-Dependent Operations 8.1.3 Run-Time Generation of Code 8.1.4 Exercises 8.2 Regular Expressions and Text Processing 8.2.1 Motivation 8.2.2 Special Characters 8.2.3 Regular Expressions for Real Numbers 8.2.4 Using Groups to Extract Parts of a Text 8.2.5 Extracting Interval Limits 8.2.6 Extracting Multiple Matches 8.2.7 Splitting Text 8.2.8 Pattern-Matching Modifiers 8.2.9 Substitution and Backreferences 8.2.10 Example: Swapping Arguments in Function Calls 8.2.11 A General Substitution Script 8.2.12 Debugging Regular Expressions 8.2.13 Exercises 8.3 Tools for Handling Data in Files 8.3.1 Writing and Reading Python Data Structures 8.3.2 Pickling Objects 8.3.3 Shelving Objects 8.3.4 Writing and Reading Zip and Tar Archive Files 8.3.5 Downloading Internet Files 8.3.6 Binary Input/Output 8.3.7 Exercises 8.4 A Database for NumPy Arrays 8.4.1 The Structure of the Database 8.4.2 Pickling 8.4.3 Formatted ASCII Storage 8.4.4 Shelving 8.4.5 Comparing the Various Techniques 8.5 Scripts Involving Local and Remote Hosts 8.5.1 Secure Shell Commands 8.5.2 Distributed Simulation and Visualization 8.5.3 Client/Server Programming 8.5.4 Threads 8.6 Classes 8.6.1 Class Programming 8.6.2 Checking the Class Type 8.6.3 Private Data 8.6.4 Static Data 8.6.5 Special Attributes 8.6.6 Special Methods 8.6.7 Multiple Inheritance 8.6.8 Using a Class as a C-like Structure 8.6.9 Attribute Access via String Names 8.6.10 New-Style Classes 8.6.11 Implementing Get/Set Functions via Properties 8.6.12 Subclassing Built-in Types 8.6.13 Building Class Interfaces at Run Time 8.6.14 Building Flexible Class Interfaces 8.6.15 Exercises 8.7 Scope of Variables 8.7.1 Global, Local, and Class Variables 8.7.2 Nested Functions 8.7.3 Dictionaries of Variables in Namespaces 8.8 Exceptions 8.8.1 Handling Exceptions 8.8.2 Raising Exceptions 8.9 Iterators 8.9.1 Constructing an Iterator 8.9.2 A Pointwise Grid Iterator 8.9.3 A Vectorized Grid Iterator 8.9.4 Generators 8.
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