ALBERT

Note: Contents: Preface. - Part I German oceanographic institutions. - Part II German oceanographic expeditions. - Part III German oceanographers. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sections Installing instruments and sampling Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Base, subbase and subgrade soils Data analysis for base, subbase and subgrade soils Field tests Analysis of plate loading tests Analytical approach Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix B: Ground temperatures, moisture tension, water table and freezing iso-therms prevailing during plate loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPA V at radius 0.0, taxiways A and B.

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1998. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1998 schedule. - Overview of 1998 schedule. - Camp setup. - Quartering and buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1998 sub programs. - SITREP. - Term of reference for the NG RIP field work. - Accidents and illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1998. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and the surrounding area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1998. - Typical specifications for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Operation of NERA lnmarsat M terminal. - Map of NGRIP camp. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of NGRIP area. - Map of Greenland. - Map of the ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of the magnetic declination in Greenland. - Density vs temperature of hole liquid. - Surface measurements near NGRIP. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Table of Contents: Climate and American People. - Earth's climate: A dynamic system. - Why does earth's climate change?. - Can we change the climate?. - The Greenhouse Effect. - Why are Greenhouse gas amounts increasing?. - Aerosols: Sunscreen for the planet?. - How has climate changed in the past century?. - Can we predict climate change?. - What do climate models tell us about our future?. - Where do we go from here?

Note: CONTENTS: Foreword / Klaus Hasselmann. - GROUP HASSELMANN. - Improving the SIAM Economy Module / Volker Barth. - A Nonlinear Impulse Response Model of the Coupled Carbon Cycle-Ocean-Atmosphere Climate System / Georg Hooß. - Potential Impact of Uncertainty and Natural Climate Variability in the Design of Optimal Climate Protection Policies / Victor Ocaña. - Climate Change Detection for the Annual Cycle of Temperature and Precipitation / Reiner Schnur. - Estimating the Sensitivity of a Regional Atmospheric Model to a Sea State Dependent Roughness Using Ensemble Calculations / Ralph Weisse, Hauke Heyen, and Hans von Storch. - CLIMATE MODEL AND DATA SECTION DKRZ. - Modellbetreuungsgruppe - An Update / Ulrich Cubasch. - Prediction of Global Change Using Different Models: An Intercomparison / Ulrich Cubasch. - The ECHO-G Coupled Climate Model on the NEC SX-4 / Stephanie Legutke. - Data Group Activities and Status / Hans Luthardt. - GROUP GRAF. - The Possible Effect of Biomass Burning on Local Precipitation and Global Climate / Hans-F. Graf. - The Leading Variability Mode of the Coupled Troposphere-Stratosphere Winter Circulation in Different Climate Regimes / Judith Perlwitz. - Numerical Simulation of Scavenging Processes in Explosive Volcanic Eruption Clouds / Christiane Textor. - Three-dimensional Simulation of Stratospheric Aerosol / Claudia Timmreck. - GROUP LATIF. - Oceanic Control of Decadal North Atlantic Sea Level Pressure Variability in Winter / Mojib Latif, Klaus Arpe, and Erich Roeckner. - Climatology and Variability in the Tropical Pacific in the Coupled GCM ECHO-G / Astrid Baquero. - Large-scale Air-sea Interactions in the Midlatitudes / Dietmar Dommenget. - ENSO Prediction Experiments with the Coupled GCM ECHO-G / Anselm Grötzner, Mojib Latif, and Stephan Venzke. - Simulating the Response of an Ocean General Circulation Model to North Atlantic Oscillation-type Forcing / Helmuth Haak. - The Role of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature in Forcing East African Climate Anomalies / Mojib Latif, Dietmar Dommenget, and Mihai Dima. - A Circulation Model for Paleoclimate Studies: Model Description and First Applications / Gerrit Lohmann. - Southern Ocean Investigations with the HOPE Model / Simon J. Marsland. - The Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies in Midlatitudes / Ute Merkel. - Equatorial Pacific Thermocline Circulation and Decadal Climate Variability / Keith Rodgers. - Ocean Model Intercomparison Project / Frank Röske. - Assimilation of Topex/Poseidon Altimeter Data into an Ocean GCM to Improve ENSO Forecasts / Sigrid Schöttle. - GROUP MIKOLAJEWICZ. - Development of the new C-HOPE OGCM / Uwe Mikolajewicz. - The Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation: Large Scale and Small Scale Aspects / Johann Jungclaus. - The Global Ocean Assimilation System GOAS / Detlev Müller. - Study of the Climate Variability in the Northern European and Arctic Seas Using Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models / Dmitry Sein. - GROUP MAIER-REIMER. - Modeling of Marine Biogeochemistry / Ernst Maier-Reimer. - (1) Optimisation of a Marine Silicon Cycle Model and (2) Artificial Sediment Cores / Christoph Heinze. - Modeling Stable Water Isotopes and Vapor Source Regions over Greenland and Antarctica / Martin Werner. - OTHERS. - Ongoing Work in the Bengtsson Department / Marco Giorgetta. - E-journals and Databases for MPG Scientists: How to's / Carola Kauhs. - INDEX OF AUTHORS. -

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1987 - October 1988. - II. Planned Activities, October 1988 - October 1989. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1986 - October 1987. - II. Planned Activities, October 1987 - October 1988. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: VOLUME III PART 2 : POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS (continued) M. Braune: SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BACKSCATTERING OF X-RAYS H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, J.W. Leonhardt: STATE AND PERFORMANCE OF ON-STREAM ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN LIGNITE AND BLACK COAL USING THE 2-ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, Oh. Beutel, W. Riedel, U. Gräfenhain, J.W. Leonhardt: KRAS-2 - A GAUGE FOR THE ON-STREAM DETERMINATION OF THE ASH CONTENT IN RAW LIGNITE AT POWER STATIONS D. Fritzsche, H.-W. Thümmel: A SCATTER MODEL FOR CAlCULATION OF GAMMA RAY INTENSITIES IN SCATTER-TRANSMISSION GEOMETRY L. Meray, E. Hazi: DECONTAMINATION TEST WITH ISOTOPE INDUCED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD H. Silveira da Silva: CALCULATION OF THE DOSIMETER RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF THE GAMMA RADIATION ENERGY L. Wawrzonek, J. Parus: OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOMETRIC METHOD OF ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN BROWN COAL SAMPLES G. Körner, G. Fischer, D. Fritzsche, J.W. Leonhardt, K. Rosenbaum, H.-W. Thümmel: EXPERIENCE IN RADIOMETRIC ON-LINE DETERMINATION R. Göldner, E. Maul, D. Wagner: FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF BROWN COAL SAMPLES FOR SILICON AND ASH B. Heinrich, K. Irmer, R. Pötschke: FAST ANALYSIS OF CARBON CONTENT BY INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS H.-W. Thümmel, M. Frenzel, D. Fritzsche, T. Cechak, J. Kluson: INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE INHOMOGENEITIES ON THE SIGNAL OF 60 keV SCATTER-TRANSMISSION ASH GAUGES W. Michel, U. Paul, D. Luther, H.-G. Könnecke, H.-C. Abendroth: STUDIES ON THE RESIDENCE TIME BEHAVIOUR OF TECHNICAL GRAIN SIZES IN FLUIDIZED BEDS Z. Kolar, J. Thýn, W. Martens, A. Korving: THE MEASUREMENT OF GAS RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR USING 41Ar AS RADIOTRACER E. Iller, B.J. Trznadel: OPERATION EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF LOOP REACTOR FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS K. Wagner, T. Grätsch, J. Schüttau: PROCESS ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BY THE AID OF RADIOISOTOPES G. Krüger, V. Kliem, M. Kreher, N. Boy: A COMPUTER-AIDED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYZER WITH RADIONUCLIDE EXCITATION H. Firganek, A. Żak, J. Siewierski, S. Zielienski: RADIOISOTOPE INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER LEACHING OF VANADIUM COMPOUNDS FROM POLYMETALLIC ORE D. Degering, S. Unterricker: DETERMINATION OF SMALL YTTRIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY CHARGED PARTICLE ACTIVATION ANALYSIS J. Parus: DETERMINATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS WITH RADIOISOTOPE EXCITED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE E. Kowalska, P. Urbański, D. Wagner, H. Bruchertseifer: DETERMINATION OF SILVER CONTENT IN SOME CARRIER MATERIALS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE L. Rowinska, L. Waliś, W. Dalecki, M. Kusowski: EFFICIENCY OF METAL PURIFICATION BY VACUUM DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE A. Salamon, Z. Demendy: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY FOR THE MOTION AND TRAPPING OF INCLUSIONS DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: COMPLEX INVESTIGATIONS OF COPPER ORE DRESSING PROCESS L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: MODELLING OF COPPER ORE CONCENTRATION PROCESS J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATION OF THE COPPER PRODUCTION FLASH PROCESS R. Rachlitz, J. Holzhey, W. Böhme, H. Bohmeier, H. Gärtner: SULPHUR DISTRIBUTION, PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDIFICATION AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACE IN CONTINOUS COPPER CASTING H. Jaskolska., L. Waliś, C. Janusz: INVESTIGATIONS OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN GGG MONOCRYSTALS BY MEANS OF LABELLED ATOMS METHOD M. Harasimowicz, J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE GLASS MELTING PROCESS IN TANK FURNACES G. Philipp, H. Hippius, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT RADIOTRACERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOGENIZING PROCESSES IN GLASS MELTING FURNACES H. Kupsch, W. Heller: AN ACCELERATOR PRODUCED SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE FOR THE TRACERTECHNIQUE OF GYPSUM IN A LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION PLANT OF GAS CONCRETE W. Stuchlik, A. Knobloch, B. Kupsch, H.-W. Thümmel, S. Volker: RADIOMETRIC RESIDUAL VOLUME MONITORING IN LARGE BINS USING A MICROCOMPUTER D. Eckstein, H.-G. Jäckel, H. Stechemesser, D. Espig: RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL IN A BOND MILL DETERMINED BY RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUE A. Zeuner, K. Henning, M. Kiessling: INVESTIGATION OF THE MATERIAL TRANSPORT BEHAVIOUR OF TUBE- AND TROUGH- VIBRATION MILLS BY RADIOACTIVE INDICATORS H. Kupsch, W. Heller: A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A WET MIXER K.-D. Weißenborn, H.-P. Chowanetz, H. Ulrich, K. Köpping: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN LARGE HOMOGENIZATION SILOS TO DETERMINE THE MOTION OF PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES G.-J. Beyer, M. Böttger, K. Eichhorn, H. Guratzsch, H. Kupsch, K. Regel, G. Winter: USING OF THE ROSSENDORF CYCLOTRON U-120 IN SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY M. Waiblinger, T. Kuhrt, H. Bergmann, K. Hertwig, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN ELECTROLYSE CELLS - SPECIAL PROBLEMS AND USE FOR PROCESS CONTROL K.-D. Rauchstein, H. Leder, W. Walter, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN TECHNICAL MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICAL USE FOR THE VALUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS IN CHEMICAL MULTISTAGE COLUMNES E. Iller, T. Klimkiewicz: OPERATION ANALYSIS OF DIGESTER IN THE CONTINUOUS COOKING PROCESS OF PINEWOOD CHIPS, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS H. Vocke: DETERMINATION OF RESIDENCE TIME DISPERSION OF POLYMER MELTS IN SPINNING MACHINES BY TRACER APPLICATION J. Flachowsky, H.-H. Deicke: A SIMPLE MONITORING TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE THE RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL OF MEMBRANE FILTERS J. Flachowsky: DETERMINATION OF THE KINETICS OF TRACE ELEMENT ADSORPTION ON SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES USING RADIOANALYTICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC METHODS

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Testing Material Specimen preparation Testing procedure and apparatus Results Discussion Peak tensile strength, σm Failure tensile strain, ϵf Initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Discussion of test techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Physical properties of Fairbanks silt specimens Appendix B: Unfrozen water content data of Fairbanks silt with three typical water contents

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Measurements Spectra u and w velocity spectra Temperature and humidity spectra Inertial-dissipation estimates Cospectra u-w cospectra w-t and w-q cospectra t-q cospectra Refractive index spectra Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1996. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1996 Schedule. - Overview of 1996 schedule. - Camp Layout. - Buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1996 Sub programs. - CARDS Radar test. - KMS Elevation measurements. - SITREP. - Terms of Reference during the field operation. - Accidents and Illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1996. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and Surrounding Area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1996. - Typical specs for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Map of GRIP camp. - NGRIP, Maps of one and two line set up. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of Greenland. - Map of north Greenland. - Map of ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - 1996 Twin Otter hours. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1997. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1997 schedule. - Overview of 1997 schedule. - Camp layout. - Quartering and buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1997 sub programs. - CARDS Radar test. - KMS elevation measurements. - SITREP. - Terms of reference during the field operation. - Accidents and illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1997. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and the surrounding area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1997. - Typical specifications for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Map of NGRIP camp. - NGRIP, Central Camp. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of NGRIP area. - Map of Greenland. - Map of the ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of the magnetic declination in Greenland. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - 1997 Twin Otter hours. - List of NGRIP addresses.

Note: Contents: 1. Personnel at DC. - 2. Summary timetable of events for EPICA personnel. - 3. Transport to/from DC for EPICA personnel. - 4. Building period. - 5. Scientific activity - equipment layout. - 6. Science processing line. - 7. Results from this season. - 8. General comments on communications, logistics and general status of the camp. - 9. Tasks that EPICA personnel need to do next season. - 10. Recommendations for 1998/99. - 11. Acknowledgements.

Note: 1 Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Neuschwabenland (West) 〈1 : 2.000.000〉, Bildflugroutenübersicht Antarktis-Expediton 1983/84 = Aerial Survey Route Map. - 2. Ausgabe. - Frankfurt am Main : Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (IfAG), 1985. , 1 Beilage unter dem Titel: Supplement to National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 7 (July 1985) , Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 84-October 85. - II. Planned Activities, October 1985 - October 1986. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited

Note: ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO INTRODUCCIÓN El estudio científico de las cavidades kársticas y las Ciencias Geológicas. Una buena alianza / J.J. Durán. KARST, TECTÓNICA Y SISMICIDAD Evidencias tectónicas y sísmicas a partir del estudio de espeleotemas: conocimiento actual y desarrollo futuro / P. Forti Evolución tectosedimentaria del entorno de la Cueva de Nerja durante el Plio-Cuatemario. / A. Guerra-Merchán, D. Ramallo y F. Serrano Análisis de la fracturación reciente en los espelotemas de la Cueva de Nerja, Málaga. / P. Gumiel, J.J. Durán, J. López-Martínez, J.M. González-Casado, B. Andreo y F. Carrasco La fracturación en la Cueva de los Enebralejos, Segovia, borde norte del Sistema Central. / J. Barea, J.J. Durán, J. Giner, J.M. González-Casado y J. López-Martínez Control estructural de la cavidad kárstica "La Cuevona" (Ribadesella, Asturias) / J. L. Alonso, J. G. García-Ramos y M. Gutiérrez-Claverol El karst de la Alquería (Vélez-Rubio, Almería) / A. González y J.A. Martínez The influence of tectonics on karstification of Permian-Carboniferous limestone from westem Serbia. / P. Pavlovic and D. Stojiljkovic Estudio preliminar de la Cueva de Castelar (Ciudad Real). El ejemplo español de karst en rocas cristalinas / C. J. Gavilán, l. Alonso y J.J. Durán REGISTROS SEDIMENTARIOS KÁRSTICOS Y RECONSTRUCCIONES PALEOAMBIENTALES Endokarstic sedimentary records and paleo-environmental reconstructions in caves / D. C. Ford Speleothem records of environmental changes and the past-bases and potential. / Y. Y. Shopov, L. Tsankov, L. N Georgiev, C.J Yonge, H.P.R. Krouse and A.J.T. Jull Significance of Luminescent spelothem records for determination of orbital variations, glaciations and timing of termination-II. / Y.Y. Shopov, D. Stoykova, M. Sanambria, L. Tsankov, D. Ford, L. Georgiev and D. Georgieva Dataciones isotópicas de espeleotemas procedentes de cuevas costeras de Mallorca. Estado actual de las investigaciones / A. Ginés, J. Ginés, J.J. Fornós y P. Tuccimei Estudio isotópico sobre las condiciones de precipitación de "calcitas flotantes" actuales procedentes de tres cuevas en la isla de Mallorca / C. Jiménez de Cisneros y E. Caballero Geoquimica de travertinos procedentes de una fuente termal. Estimaciones sobre su velocidad de formación. / E. Caballero, C. Jiménez de Cisneros y C. Jiménez Travertinos asociados a los manantiales del borde occidental de la Sierra de la Alfaguara (Granada, Sur de España) / B. Andreo, M. Martín-Martín, A. Martín-Algarra y R. Julia Espeleotemas y morfogénesis exokárstica. El ejemplo de la Sierra del Endrinal (Grazalema, Cádiz) / J Rodríguez Vidal, G. Alvarez, L. M. Cáceres, A. Martínez Aguirre y J. M. Alcaraz La evolución de los materiales de acumulación en el Altiplano carbonatado de Cantanhede (NO de Coimbra-Portugal) / A. De Marco y L. A. Dimuccio Cave genesis in karst regions of Balkan Península / D. Vasileva Skocjanske Jame, Slovenia: development of caves related to rock characteristics and rock relief / M. Knez and T. Slabe Facies mineralógicas de las arenas de los rellenos kársticos de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos) / T. Aleixandre y A. Pérez González Mineralogy of cave deposits from Bihor Mountains (Romanía) / L. Ghergari and T. Tamas Análisis polínico de sedimentos en cavidades kársticas: hacia un nuevo desarrollo conceptual / J. S. Carrión, C. Navarro y M. Munuera El karst de la Espluga de Francolí: características fisicas e hidrogeológicas. Interés en la educación ambiental / J M Cervelló, M Monterde, J Ramoneda y A. Freixes Análisis sistemático y ecológico de los roedores del Pleistoceno Superior procedentes de la Cueva de las Ventanas (Granada, España) / A. Ruiz-Bustos y J A. Riquelme Cantal Geology, geomorphology, tectonics and geological map ofthe Cave of Riomurtas (Narcao, Southwest Sardinia). J De Waele and A. Muntoni CONSERVACIÓN DE CAVIDADES: EL IMPACTO ANTRÓPICO La dynamique du milieu souterrain, concepts de base servant a la conservation des grottes / A. Mangin, D. D 'Hulst et F. Bourges L' eclairage et la protection des grottes / F. Bourges, A. Mangin et D. D'Hulst Análisis de las concentraciones de 222Rn del aire de la Cueva de Nerja / C. Dueñas, M.C. Fernández, J Carretero, E. Liger y S. Cañete El medio ambiente subterráneo de la Cueva de Nerja (Málaga). Modificaciones antrópicas / F. Carrasco, B. Andreo, I Vadillo, J.J. Durán y C. Liñán EL AGUA Y EL KARST Recharge and behaviour of karst aquifers. Examples from Southeastem France / J Mudry, Y. Guglielmi, A. Chalumeau, A. Reynaud and Y. Paquette ¿Pueden las teorías sobre el desarrollo del karst contribuir al mejor conocimiento de la moderna hidrogeología del karst? / J Silar Behaviour of the epikarst aquifer: signal analysis and flow analysis. Si te of Lascaux Cave. / R. Lastennet, A. Denis, Ph. Malaurent and J Vouvé Primeros datos sobre la variabilidad estacional de la infiltración en la Cueva del Agua (lznalloz, Granada) / F. Sánchez-Martos, J. M Calaforra y M J González-Ríos Primeros resultados sobre la caracterización hidroquímica y evolución espacial de las aguas del sistema kárstico de Valporquero, Cordillera Cantábrica / JJ Durán, M Vallejo, l. Herráez y J López-Martínez Hidrodinámica e hidroquímica de las aguas de goteo de la Cueva de Nerja / C. Liñán, B. Andreo, F Carrasco e l. Vadillo Modelización de los procesos hidrogeoquímicos que afectan al agua de goteo de la Cueva de Nerja / J. Cardenal, J. Benavente, B. Andreo y F. Carrasco Algunos procesos hidrogeoquímicos en la Cueva de Canalobre y en el acuífero del Cabeçó D'Or (Alicante) / J. M Andreu, J.C. Cerón, A. Pulido-Bosch y A. Estévez Tracing technique as a contribution to karstology: past experience, new directions / Ph. Meus and C. Ek Ensayos de trazadores en acuíferos kársticos: desarrollo histórico y anecdotario / J. G. Yélamos Trazados en la Unidad Hidrogeológica Izarraitz (País Vasco): consideraciones sobre la complejidad estructural y dinámica del medio kárstico / l. Mugerza, T. Morales, l. Antigüedad, J.A. Uriarte, l. Fernández de Valderrama, J.M Gonzalo y P. Bezares d18O and average recharge-altitude relationships in karstic springs / Th. Herold, S.M. Bernasconi, P. Jordan and F. Zwahlen Concentración inicial de radiocarbono en agua subterránea del karst de Bohemia central / J. Silar y K. Záhrubsky Los sistemas kársticos del Parque Natural del Cadí-Moixeró (Pirineo oriental, Catalunya) / J. Ramoneda, A. Freixes, M. Monterde, J. P. Morin y L. Gourcy Hidroquímica de la Sierra de Guara / J. A. Cuchí, J.A. Manso, M. Subías y J. Buera Nuevas aportaciones sobre el funcionamiento hidrogeológico del acuífero kárstico multicapa del Calar del Mundo (Provincias de Albacete y Jaén) / T. Rodríguez-Estrella Posible contribución del karst de Los Berros (Argentina) para el abastecimiento a la industria de la región / C. Wetten y O.A. Damiani Karst groundwater quality in Austria / M. Kralik Modelo numérico del flujo subterráneo de un acuífero kárstico en Yucatán, México. Implicaciones hidrogeológicas / R. González, l. Sánchez y J. Gamboa Aprovechamiento de manantiales kársticos de carácter intermitente mediante operaciones de recarga artificial de acuíferos. Las Ufanes de Gabellí (Mallorca) / J. M Murillo, C.J. Gavilán, J.A. de la Orden The karstic aquifer ofthe Izhora Plateau (Russia) and problems ofits use under anthropogenic pressure / A. N Voronov, NA. Vinograd and A.A. Shvarts Aspects of groundwater vulnerability mapping in karst regions with the help of GIS / P.S. Bezrukov Natural and anthropogenic influences as threats to pits in the Debeli Namet Glacier (Durmitor National Park, Montenegro) / P. Djurovic Carbon inorganic total dissolved origine, repartition and it's karstification impact / C. Emblanch, H. Celle, B. Blavoux and J. M. Puig , Beiträge teilweise in spanischer, teilweise in englischer Sprache

Note: Contents: 1. INTRODUCTION. - 2. PARTICULAR CONCERNS AND REQUIREMENTS. - Environmental Safeguards. - Topographic Mapping. - Regional Geological and Geophysical Surveying. - Stateside Analyses. - Remote Sensing. - Core Drilling into Bedrock beneath the Ice. - New Techniques. - 3. INTERCONTINENTAL AND INTRACONTINENTAL RELATIONSIDPS. - Present Continental Margins. - Passive Continental Margins. - Active Continental Margins. - Pre-Andean Orogenic Belts. - Gondwanide (Ellsworth) Orogen. - Borchgrevink Orogen. - Ross Orogen. - Relations between East and West Antarctica. - West Antarctic Geochronology and Geophysics. - The Ross Embayment. - Surface-Wave-Dispersion Studies. - 4. ACTIVE CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS AND VOLCANICITY. - Seismicity. - Volcanicity. - Gravity Base Station Ties. - Gravity Surveys. - Establishment of Tide Stations and Bench Marks. - Nonisostatic Crustal Uplift. - 5. STUDIES OF THE LATE CENOZOIC ENVIRONMENT. - Comparative Glacial Geologic Chronologies. - Drilling beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. - Ocean Core Studies. - 6. SPECIAL GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. - Igneous Processes. - Jurassic Basalt. - Active Continental Margin Processes. - Paleontology. - Vertebrate Paleontology. - Invertebrate Paleontology. - Permian and Triassic Floras. - 7. ANTARCTIC MINERAL RESOURCES. - 8. PRIORITY ORDERING. - 9. SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS. - REFERENCES.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Non-melting heat transfer relations for horizontal surfaces Heat transfer for melting horizontal ice sheets Instrument setup, data acquisition and test procedures General Instrumentation Data acquisition Computer software Test procedures Data output from computer Equations used for data analysis Control volume and melting surface Control of variables Error analysis Experimental results and discussion Wave formation Temperature and velocity profiles in open channel flow Correlation of data Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Conversion equations for data acquisition equipment Appendix B: Computer code for data acquisition and analysis Appendix C: Typical test output Appendix D: Thermal properties of water and ice Appendix E: Error analysis Appendix F: Summary of test conditions Appendix G: Experimental data and calculated quantities, with inlet length

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Aerodynamically rough surface Aerodynamically smooth surface Scalar transfer coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Basic finite-element formulas Description of problem Finite-element equation-fixed mesh Finite-element equation-deforming mesh Transfinite mapping technique Computations and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A : Point heat sources Appendix B: Evaluation of the integral including latent heat (fixed mesh) Appendix C: Specification of [K] -deforming mesh Appendix D: Specifying δΤ/δn and the direction of mj for method I Appendix E: Procedures of method 2 Appendix F: Explanation of programs

Note: CONTENTS VOLUME I PART 1: PLENARY AND DISCUSSION LECTURES R.J.B. Hadden: RADIONUCLIDES FOR PROCESS CONTROL AND INSPECTION J. Guizerix: TRENDS AND OPEN QUESTIONS IN INDUSTRIAL TRACER APPLICATIONS A. S. Shtan, V. A. Mashinin Zh.I. Matalygina: NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES WITH THE APPLICATION OF RADIONUCLIDE NEUTRON SOURCES W. Michaelis: RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PROTECTION J.K. Miettinen: RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENT J. W. Leonhardt: RADIOISOTOPES IN ENERGETICS K. Przewlocki: APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN MINING INDUSTRY K. Wetzel: TRACERS IN GEOCHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH A. K. Pikaev: ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION OF RADIATION PROCESSING R. Otto: LABELLED COMPOUNDS FOR TRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN INDUSTRY R. Otto, H.-G. Könnecke, D. Luther, P. Hecht: RADIONUCLIDES FOR PROCESS ANALYSIS - PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES Z. Málek: PRESENT STAGE OF CO-OPERATION OF THE CMEA MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION TECHNOLOGY E.A. Abramyan: HIGH POWER ELECTRON ACCELERATORS IN RADIATION PROCESSING J. Sivinski: CURRENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IRRADIATION PROGRAM ACTIVITIES J. Bös, J. Schmidt, U. Decker, H. Mai, L. Richter: ON THE APPLICATION OF SOME METHODS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED PROCESSES IN POLYETHYLENE H.-J. Heinrich, K. Posselt, W. Hädrich, L. Röhr, D. Flügge: ASPECTS OF IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGY CONCERNING THE CROSSLINKING OF CABLE AND WIRE INSULATIONS AND OF TUBES BY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS P. Popp, J.W. Leonhardt, G. Oppermann, H. Merten: THE HELIUM-DETECTOR: THEORY AND PRACTICE H.-H. Deicke: ASPECTS OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE APPLICATION OF RADIOTRACERS FOR RESEARCH IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Magnetic induction conductivity method Site description and survey methods Cross section field data and modeling results X6 X3A X4 Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of errors Appendix B: Modeling data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Analysis of historical data Field observations Controlled release tests January 1986 ice breakup Connecticut River ice control Minimizing ice production Hydrothermal melting Controlled ice breakup Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed ice breakup chronology

Note: VOLUME IV PART 2: POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS (continued) P. Rudolph, A. Lange, J. Flachowsky: THE DETERMINATION OF GOLD DEPTH DISTRIBUTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON - POTENTIAL INTERFERENCES INHERENT IN NAA BY RADIATION DAMAGES E. Hoentsch, J. Flachowsk: INVESTIGATION OF NICKEL-PLATING ON SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON WAFERS K. Mauersberger, J. Flachowsky: POSSIBLE LOSSES OF TRACE AND ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS DURING PRECONCENTRATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE REAGENTS H. Wagler, J. Flachowsky: A SIMPLE CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF PHOSPHORUS INTERFERING THE TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN HIGH DOPED SILICON WAFERS H.-J. Große, J . Adler, H.-R. Döring, H. Nietzschmann: APPLICATION OF THE AEROSOLIONIZATION GAS ANALYZER AIG IN MICROELECTRONICS M. Kosinova, P. Tendera: WEAR INVESTIGATION OF MACHINE PARTS BY CHARGED PARTICLES SURFACE ACTIVATION J. Kras: DETERMINATION OF SLIDE BEARINGS WEAR IN DIESEL ENGINES K. Eichhorn, P. Hammer, S. Turuc, Ch. Eifrig: PRECISE ACTIVATION FOR WEAR STUDIES AT THE ROSSENDORF TANDEM ACCELERATOR P. Hammer, K. Eichhorn, Ch. Eifrig: A STUDY OF WEAR IN REFRIGERATING MACHINES USING THIN LAYER ACTIVATION A. Kalicki., L. Waliś: THE PRINCIPLE OF THE β-X INTERNAL EXCITATION APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTS IN THIN METALLIC FILMS E. Kowalska, P. Urbański: DETERMINATION OF TIN AND LEAD IN GALVANIC BATH AND LEAD IN Sn-Pb PLATINGS WITH SIMULTANEOUS COATING THICKNESS MEASUREMENT K. Mauersberger, B. Bayerl: DETERMINATION OF Tc-99 BY FLAME AAS B. Machaj, F. Zrudelny, A. Sikora, J. Jaszczuk: MICROPROCESSOR ISOTOPE GAUGES FOR MEASUREMENT OF COATING THICKNESS AND OF AIR DUST POLLUTION Z. Joks, M. Krejci: APPLICATION OF RADIOISOTOPES FOR CORROSION TESTS OF INDUSTRIAL PLASTICS G. Hartmann, P. Kulicke, C. Jonas, A. Walter: INVESTIGATION ON CHLORIDE-INITIATED STRESS CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEEL BY USE OF CHLORINE-36 AND AUTORADIOGRAPHY J. Flachowsky, P. Kulicke, G. Hartmann, N. Schütze: LOCALIZATION OF THE ORIGIN OF DEFECTS IN HIGH-CLASS CASTINGS BY RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUES AND AUTORADIOGRAPHY H. Kupsch, H. Bruchertseifer, W. Heller: METHOD FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF LEAKAGES IN OIL PIPES A.G. Chmielewski: RADIOTRACERS IN SOME INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS S. Szpilowski, A. Owczarczyk: INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT OF EFFLUENT IN NATURAL STREAMS USING RADIOISOTOPE AND DYE TRACERS A. Owczarczyk, s. Szpilowski: APPLICATION OF RADIOISOTOPE TRACERS FOR BEDLOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT STUDY IN RIVERS AND MARINE BREAKER ZONE I. Röske, H.-C. Abendroth, D. Luther, H.-G. Könnecke: TRACER STUDIES ON THE REMOVAL OF WATER ENDANGERING SUBSTANOES FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS A. Zeuner, F. Hartmann: RESIDENCE TIME INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL BALANCE FOR FRESH AND WASTE WATER IN A RAYON BY RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATION A.G. Chmielewski, A. Dobrowolski: THE FALL OF EQUALIZATION MYTH-RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CASE J. Halova, J. Schön, J. Thýn: THE ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM TRACER EXPERIMENTS WITH THE FLOW APPARATUSES FOR RADWASTE MANAGEMENT S. Mothes, P. Popp, G. Oppermann, J. Baumbach: AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTORS (ECD) C. Ghounchev: ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND PLANTS IN SOME INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY M. Borkowski, W. Smulek: RADIONUOLIDES IN STUDYING THE SORPTION OF METALS BY CHITIN AND CHITOSAN R. Bäuerlein: EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF CROSSLINKING OF HEAT SHRINKABLE PRODUCTS K. Posselt, W. Hädrich: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEGREE OF CROSS-LINKING IN RADIATION CROSS-LINKED LOW AND HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENES E. Takács: RADIATION CROSS-LINKING OF PLASTICIZED PVC WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL MONOMERS W. Hädrich, K. Posselt, C. Lippmann, H. Wagner, H.-J. Heinrich: DEPTH DOSE IN ELECTRON IRRADIATED POLYETHYLENE LAYERS IN DEPENDENCE ON THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE U. Decker, J. Bös, L. Richter, M. Remer: CHARGE ACCUMULATION AND STORAGE IN POLYETHYLENE IRRADIATED WITH PULSES OF FAST ELECTRONS E. Jaworska: THE INFLUENCE OF IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE ON STRESSES IN DEFORMED POLYETHYLENE W. Hädrich, T. Nestler, K. Posselt: THERMAL STRESS IN THE POLYETHYLENE INSULATION OFCABLES DURING IRRADIATION WITH HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS W. Pekala, T. Achmatowicz: POST-RADIATION GRAFTING OF METHACRYLIC ACID ONTO POLYETHYLENE FILM J. Schmidt, H. Mai: ELECTRON BEAM CURING OF COATINGS E. Jaworska, S. Wawrzak, I. Kaluska: HEAT SHRINKABLE TAPES IN POLAND A. Robalewski et al.: POLISH HEAT SHRINKABLE TUBING TECHNOLOGY S. Galant, W. Pekala, J. Rosiak: USING OF THE RADIATION TECHNOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF POLYMERIC MATRIX CAPABLE TO THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DRUG TO EYE R. Krejzler et al.: NEW ROUTINE POLYETHYLENE DOSIMETER: DOSE RANGE 40-400 kGy Z. Zimek: THE USE OF ELECTRICAL SENSORS OF RADIATION FOR DIGITAL CONTROL IN RADIATION PROCESSING Z. Bulhak et al.: RADIATION STERILIZATION WITH THE ELECTRON LINEAR ACCLERATOR LAE 13/9 M. Remer, W. Bogus, W. Pekala: FIRST EVALUATION OF THE GAMMA IRRADIATION CHAMBER OF THE TU ŁODZ BY MEANS OF THE CODES DOSKMF2 AND ISORADL O. Brede, R. Hermann, R. Mehnert: ORGANIC COOLANTS FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS W. Wroński, J. Wisłowski: THE LABORATORY TESTING SYSTEM FOR RADIATION RESISTANCE INVESTIGATIONS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AUTHOR INDEX

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical analysis Constant surface temperature Constant surface heat flux Comparison with exact solution Alternative method Conclusions and comments Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of equation 25 Appendix B: Derivations of equations 37 and 40 Appendix C: Derivation of equations 37a and 40

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analytical studies on the onset of convection in a horizontal water layer Experimental studies on the onset of convection in a circular horizontal melt layer Temperature structure and heat transfer In a horizontal layer In a circular horizontal melt layer pHeat transfer studies in nonplanar geometries Forced convective heat transfer over a melting surface Discussion and conclusions Onset of convection Temperature structure and natural convective heat transfer Laminar forced convective heat transfer Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental setup and procedure Experimental results Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Introduction Elastomers and sealant formulations Mechanical behavior of sealants Phenomenological behavior of rubbers and elastomers Hyperelastic constitutive model Examples of sealant behavior Mechanical response of seals Basic structural geometry and loading configurations of seals Conventional performance testing for studying the load and deformation response of joint and crack seals Response of seals to joint movements Summary and recommendations Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources Study location and icing conditions Icing data Antenna reflection data Data preparation Analyses Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Structure Composition Mechanical properties Strength Elastic constants The temperature-salinity model Temperature profiles Salinity profiles Composite plate properties Results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Details of the equations for ice surface temperature and conductive heat flux Appendix B: Calculated profile and bulk properties of an ice sheet of varying thickness Appendix C: Calculated profile and bulk properties of 30- and 91-cm-thick ice sheets

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Soil variable ø SWC and SFC similarity Mathematical representation of SWC and SFC data NMR measurement of unfrozen water content Characterization of SWC Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Soil freezing curve data Appendix B: Error analysis Appendix C: Soil water curve data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives and procedures Equipment Radar Brash ice probe Temperature measurements St. Clair River ice conditions Results and discussion Thickness and temperature Size distribution Radar survey Discussion of errors Porosity Phase state of the ice Partial submergence of individual pieces Spectra of reflected energy Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Laboratory verification of surface scattering from a simulated ice jam Appendix B: Display of digitized and processed data

Note: 1. Osnovnye naučnye dostiženija v oblasti issledovanija kosmosa za poslednie gody i perspektiva do 2000 goda / V. M. Balebanov 2. Kosmičeskoe Materialovedenie / Ju. A. Osip'jan, Č. Barta, R. Galonzka, R. Kul', L. Fal'kon 3. 20 let issledovanija v oblasti geliofiziki i astrofiziki v programme interkosmos / B. Val'niček 4. Daetsja kratkija obzor suščectvujuščich orbital'nych stancija rassmatrivajutsja tendencii razvitija / Ju. P. Semenov, L. A. Gorškov 5. Meždunarodnye pilotiruemye polety po programme "Interkosmos" / P. I. Klimuk, Ju. A. Gagarina 6. Summary of the twenty-year cooperation and the prospects of studies on space physics within the framework of the Intercosmos Program 7. Issledovanija na biosputnikach / S. Baran'ski, K. Gecht, E. A. Il'in, L. Macho 8. Meteorology : Intercosmos 1967-1987 9. Utilizing data obtained by remote sensing of the earth / N. A. Armand, G. Ganzorig, J. Kolarzh, K. Marek, B. Nej, L. Ortega, To Kuang Tkhing 10. Indian Space Programme and the cooperation with Intercosmos / u. R. Rao, Y. S. Rajan 11. Short summary of the most important scientific-methodological and research activities in the field of remote sensing of the Earth , within the framework of the Intercosmos Program in the years 1975-1987 12. Razvitie eksperimental'noi techniki distancionnogo zondi-rovanija zemli / R. Joachim, E. Bach, A. Gšvindt, D. Mišev, Ja. L. Ziman 13. Ispol'zovanie sputnikovoj informacii v prognoze pogody / A. Burcev, G. Major, V. Šarov

Note: Contents Front Matter Copyright List of Figures Editor's Acknowledgements Aberystwyth Memoranda Introduction / JAMES A. TAYLOR CHAPTER 1 - The Cost of British Weather / JAMES A. TAYLOR CHAPTER 2 - The Effect of the Weather on Farm Organization and Farm Management / J.M. STANSFIELD CHAPTER 3 - Weather and Machinery Work-days / C.V. SMITH CHAPTER 4 - Basic Frost, Irrigation and Degree-day Data for Planning Purposes / W.H. HOGG CHAPTER 5 - Variations in the Marginal Value of Agricultural Labour Due to Weather Factors / W.J. TAGGART CHAPTER 6 - A Note on the Areal Patterns in the Value of Early Potato Production in South-west Wales, 1967 / J.G. TYRRELL CHAPTER 7 - Weather and Risk in Forestry / P.A. WARDLE CHAPTER 8 - The Use of Cost/benefit Studies in the Interpretation of Probability Forecasts for Agriculture and Industry: an Operational Example / E.T. STRINGER CHAPTER 9 - Edited Report of the Discussions Held at Symposium XI, 1968 / JAMES A. TAYLOR CHAPTER 10 - Economic Postscript / G.N. RUBRA Author Index Subject Index

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Results and analysis Leading tire resistance Trailing tire resistance Deep snow Undercarriage drag Multiple passes Shallow snow resistance model Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Snow data Appendix B: Observations of snow deformation by a wheel Appendix C: Wheeled vehicle motion resistance data Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Shallow snow Undisturbed snow on a firm substrate Undisturbed snow on a soft substrate Undisturbed snow over ice Disturbed, processed and packed snow Deep snow Ice Freezing or thawing ground conditions Bearing capacity of freezing ground Effect of thawing conditions on vehicle performance Speed made good Internal motion resistance Slopes Summary and recornmendations Literature cited Appendix A: Cold Regions Mobility Model CRM-1.F Appendix B: FORTRAN code using NRMM/CAMMS variables and format Appendix C: Traction coefficients on packed snow Appendix D: NRMM checkout data Abstract

Note: Contents Preface Symbols Abbreviations 1 The atmospheric boundary layer 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History 1.3 Observing the ABL 1.4 ABL modelling 1.5 Applications 1.6 Scope of the book 1.7 Nomenclature and some definitions Notes and bibliography 2 Basic equations for mean and fluctuating quantities 2.1 Turbulence and flow description 2.2 Governing equations for mean and fluctuating quantities 2.3 The simplified mean equations 2.4 The turbulence closure problem 2.5 The second-moment equations 2.6 Turbulent kinetic energy and stability parameters Notes and bibliography 3 Scaling laws for mean and turbulent quantities 3.1 The wind profile: simple considerations 3.2 Wind profile laws: the neutral case 3.3 Monin-Obukhov similarity theory: the non-neutral surface layer 3.4 Generalized ABL similarity theory 3.5 Similarity theory and turbulence statistics Notes and bibliography 4 Surface roughness and local advection 4.1 Aerodynamic characteristics of the land 4.2 Scalar roughness lengths 4.3 The vegetation canopy 4.4 Flow over the sea 4.5 Local advection and the internal boundary layer Notes and bibliography 5 Energy fluxes at the land surface 5.1 Surface energy balance and soil heat flux 5.2 Radiation fluxes 5.3 Evaporation 5.4 Condensation Notes and bibliography 6 The thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer 6.1 The convective boundary layer 6.2 The stable (nocturnal) boundary layer 6.3 The marine atmospheric boundary layer 6.4 Mesoscale flow and IBL growth Notes and bibliography 7 The cloud-topped boundary layer 7.1 General properties of the CTBL 7.2 Observations 7.3 Radiation fluxes and cloud-top radiative cooling 7.4 Entrainment and entrainment instability 7.5 Numerical modelling of the CTBL Notes and bibliography 8 Atmospheric boundary-layer modelling and parameterization schemes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Surface temperature 8.3 Surface humidity (soil moisture) 8.4 Canopy parameterization 8.5 Surface fluxes 8.6 Rate equation for ABL depth 8.7 Turbulence closure schemes 8.8 ABL cloud parameterization Notes and bibliography 9 The atmospheric boundary layer, climate and climate modelling 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Sensitivity of climate to the ABL and to land surface 9.3 Research priorities Notes and bibliography Appendices References Index

Note: CONTENTS Preface Preface to the Second Edition Introduction 1 Onset of Turbulence Part One - Classical Concepts in Turbulence Modeling Chapter I. Turbulent Flow 1. Equations of Fluid Dynamics and Their Consequences 1.1 Reynolds' Averaging Technique 1.2 Equations of Fluid Dynamics 1.3 Equation of Kinetic Energy 1.4 Equation of Heat Conduction 2. Reynolds' Stresses 2.1 Physical and Geometrical Interpretation of Reynolds' Stresses 2.2 Eddies and Eddy Viscosity 2.3 Poiseuille and Couette Flow 3. Length Theory 3.1 Prandtl's Mixing Length Theory 3.2 Mixing Length in Taylor's Sense 3.3 Betz's Interpretation of von Karman's Similarity Hypothesis 4. Universal Velocity Distribution Law 4.1 Prandtl's Approach 4.2 von Karman's Approach 4.3 Turbulent Pipe Flow with Porous Wall 5. The Turbulent Boundary Layer 5.1 Turbulent Flow Over a Solid Surface 5.2 Law of the Wall in Turbulent Channel Flow 5.3 Velocity Distribution in Transient Region of a Moving Viscous Turbulent Flow 5.4 A New Approach to the Turbulent Boundary Layer Theory Using Lumley's Extremum Principle Part Two - Statistical Theories in Turbulence Chapter II. Fundamental Concepts 6. Stochastic Processes 6.1 General Remarks 6.2 Fundamental Concepts in Probability 6.3 Random Variables and Stochastic Processes 6.4 Weakly Stationary Processes 6.5 A Simple Formulation of the Covariance and Variance for Incompressible Flow 6.6 The Correlation and Spectral Tensors in Turbulence 6.7 Theory of Invariants 6.8 The Correlation of Derivatives of the Velocity Components 7. Propagation of Correlations in Isotropic Incompressible Turbulent Flow 7.1 Equations of Motion 7.2 Vorticity Correlation and Vorticity Spectrum 7.3 Energy Spectrum Function 7.4 Three-Dimensional Spectrum Function Chapter III. Basic Theories 8. Kolmogoroff's Theories of Locally Isotropic Turbulence 8.1 Local Homogeneity and Local Isotropy 8.2 The First and the Second Moments of Quantities w-j(x-j) 8.3 Hypotheses of Similarity 8.4 Propagation of Correlations in Locally Isotropic Flow 8.5 Remarks Concerning Kolmogoroff1s Theory 9. Heisenberg's Theory of Turbulence 9.1 The Dynamical Equation for the Energy Spectrum 9.2 Heisenberg's Mechanism of Energy Transfer 9.3 von Weiszacker's Form of the Spectrum 9.4 Objections to Heisenberg's Theory 10. Kraichnan's Theory of Turbulence 10.1 Burgers' Equation in Frequency Space 10.2 The Impulse Response Function 10.3 The Direct Interaction Approximation 10.4 Third Order Moments 10.5 Determination of Green's Function 10.6 Summary of Results of Burgers' Equation in Kraichnan's Sense 11. Application of Kraichnan's Method to Turbulent Flow 11.1 Derivation of Navier-Stokes Equation in Fourier Space 11.2 Impulse Response, Function for Full Turbulent Representation 11.3 Formal Statement by Direct-Interaction Procedure 11.4 Application of the Direct-Interaction Approximation 11.5 Averaged Green's Function for the Navier-Stokes Equations 12. Hopf's Theory of Turbulence 12.1 Formulation of the Problem in Phase Space and the Characteristic Functional 12.2 The Functional Differential Equation for Phase Motion 12.3 Derivation of the ϕ-Equation 12.4 Elimination of Pressure Functional π from the ϕ-Equation 12.5 Forms of the Correlation for n=l and n=2 Chapter IV. Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 13. Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence by Means of a Characteristic Functional 13.1 Formulation of the Problem in Phase Space 13.2 ϕ-Equations in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 13.3 Correlation Equations 14. Wave-Number Space 14.1 Transformation to Wave-Number Space 14.2 The Spectrum Equations and Additional Conservation Laws 14.3 Special Case of Isotropic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 15. Stationary Solution for ϕ-Equations 15.1 Stationary Solution for the Case λ=ν=0 15.2 Solution to the ϕ-Equations for Final Stages of Decay 16. Energy Spectrin 16.1 Energy Spectrum in the Equilibrium Range 16.2 Extension of Heisenberg's Theory in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 17. Temperature Dispersion in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 17.1 Turbulent Dispersion 17.2 Formulation of the Problem 17.3 Universal Equilibrium 18. Temperature Spectrum for Small and Large Joule Heat Eddies 18.1 Small Joule Heat Eddies 18.2 Large Joule Heat Eddies 19. The Temperature Spectrum for the Joule Heat Eddies of Various Sizes 19.1 The Viscous Dissipation Process 19.2 The Joule Heat Model 19.3 The Calculation of the Temperature Spectrum 19.4 Effect of Viscous Dissipation on the Temperature Distribution 20. Thomas' Numerical Experiments 20.1 Turbulent Dynamo Competing Processes 20.2 Nondissipative Model System λ=ν=0 20.3 Numerical Experiments 21. Some Further Improvements of Dispersion Theory in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 21.1 Remarks on the Turbulent Dispersion of Temperature for Rm〉〉R〉〉l 21.2 Heat Equation for Conductive Cut-Off Wave Number for H(k) 21.3 Solution of the Heat Equation 22. A Solution for the Joule-Heat Source Term 22.1 Physical Introduciton 22.2 Form of the Source Function and Particular Solution 22.3 The Joule Heating Spectrum 22.4 The Range of Values α1, α2, α3, σ and Asymptotic Solution of τ-integral 22.5 Evolution of τ-Integral Eq. (22.29) 23. Results for the θ2 Spectrum with Joule Heating 23.1 The Asymptotic Behavior of the Solutions 23.2 The Most Probable Form of the θ2-Spectrum Chapter V. Contemporary Turbulence 24. Recent Developments in Turbulence Through Use of Experimental Mathematics - Attractor Theory 24.1 Things That Change Suddenly 24.2 Order in the Chaos 24.3 Attractor Theory in Turbulent Channel Flows 25. Recent Developments in Experimental Turbulence 25.1 Coherent Structure of Turbulent Shear Flows Appendices Appendix A -- Derivation of Correlation Equations (13.51-13.62) Appendix B -- Derivation of Spectrum Equations (14.45-14.46) Appendix C -- Fourier Transforms (18.10) Appendix D -- The Time Variation of Eq. (18.3) Appendix E -- The Time Variation of Eq. (18.19) Bibliography Author Index Subject Index

Note: Contents 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 3 The broad scientific problems 4 Specific scientific problems: a topical view 5 The resources issue 6 A strategy for planning and conducting research Transect Zone Number 1 (Weddell Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 2 (Ross Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 3 (Amery Transect Zone) Circum-Antarctic Studies 7 Broad scientific priorities 8 A methodology and chronology for proposed work 9 Special concerns References

Note: A. Introduction.- Obituary.- Purpose of this Book.- Synopsis.- B. General Framework of Hypersaline Environments with Special Reference to the Red Sea.- 1. Introduction and Definitions.- 2. The Northern Red Sea, a Historical Sketch.- 3. Gulf of Elat (Aqaba). Geological and Sedimentological Framework.- 4. Coastal Evaporite Systems.- 5. Hypersaline Sea-marginal Flats of the Gulfs of Elat and Suez.- 6. Anchialine Pools — Comparative Hydrobiology.- 7. Botanical Studies on Coastal Salinas and Sabkhas of the Sinai.- C. The Gavish Sabkha — A Case Study.- 8. Introduction.- 9. Geomorphology, Mineralogy and Groundwater Geochemistry as Factors of the Hydrodynamic System of the Gavish Sabkha.- 10. The Ras Muhammad Pool: Implications for the Gavish Sabkha.- 11 Salinity and Water Activity Related Zonation of Microbial Communities and Potential Stromatolites of the Gavish Sabkha.- 12. Structure and Physiology of Square-shaped and Other Halophilic Bacteria from the Gavish Sabkha.- 13. Photoactive Pigments in Halobacteria from the Gavish Sabkha.- 14. Photosynthetic Microorganisms of the Gavish Sabkha.- 15. The Fauna of the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake — a Comparative Study.- 16. Trace Metal Concentrations in Sediments from the Gavish Sabkha.- 17. Biogeochemistry of Gavish Sabkha Sediments I. Studies on Neutral Reducing Sugars and Lipid Moieties by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- 18. Biogeochemistry of Gavish Sabkha Sediments II. Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry of the Laminated Microbial Mat in the Permanently Water-Covered Zone Before and After the Desert Sheetflood of 1979.- 19. Carbon Isotope Geochemistry and 14C Ages of Microbial Mats from the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake.- D. Applied Aspects and Paleoecology.- 20. Introduction.- 21. A Paleobiological Perspective on Sabkhas.- 22. Applied and Economic Aspects of Sabkha Systems — Genesis of Salt, Ore and Hydrocarbon Deposits, and Biotechnology.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Taxonomic Index.

Note: Vorwort Hovorka, D.; Pitoňák, P.; Spišiak, J.: Mesozoic basalts of the Malé Karpaty Mts. (the Western Carpathians) - Their significance for the tectonic interpretation of the Variscan granodiorite massif Savu, H.; Udrescu, C.: The prealpine basic and ultramaphic rocks from Romania Pilot, J.: Zu einigen isotopengeochemischen Ergebnissen und Problemen basischer Magmatite Mitteleuropas Виноградова, В.И., Буякайте, М.И.: Изотопный состав стронция в породах Войквро-Сыньинского офиолитового массива Полярного Урала Колчева, К., Желязкова-панайотова, М.: Ультрабазиты и связанное с ним хром-никельмагнетитовое оруденение в районе гор. Ардино (Центральные Родопы, Болгария) Зоненшайн, Л.П.: Сравнение базальтого ложа прошлых и современных океанов Добрецов, Н.Л.: Условня образования пироповых перидотитов и зклогоюитов в кристаллическом Фундаменте Богемского массива и его аналогов Werner, C.-D.: Ophiolites and initialites - a comparing reflection Haupt, M.; Kramer, W.; Noack, C.: Beiträge zum initialen Magmatismus des Saxothuringikums (Vogtländisches Synklinorium) Collective of authors: Final remarks on field work and sessions of the Problem Commission IX, Subcommission 2, in 1981 under the theme 'Ophiolithes and initialites of northern border of the Bohemian massif' Erläuterung der Tafeln

Note: Vorwort/Preface part I: Development and spatial position of molasses and their region of accumulation Lützner, H.; Vass, D.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan and Alpine molasses (on the base of the example of Central European Variscides and West Carpathians) Vass, D.; Krystek, I.; Stranik, Zd.: Tectonic activity in time of formation of Main and Late molasses in Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Vozarova, A.; Vozar, J.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan molasse of the Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Schwab, G.: The transition between molasse stage and platform cover in the Variscan Central Europe Волочкоич, К.Л. : Верхнепалеозойские орогенные комплексы и структуры Южного Тянь-Шаня (Late Paleozoic orogenic complexes and structures of Southern Tjan-Schan) Леонов, Ю.Г. ; Щерба, И.Г. : Некоторые особенности верхенекайнозойских моласс в зпиплатформенной активизации юга Средней Азии (Some features of Upper Cenozoic molasee in area of epi-platform reactivation in southern Middle Asia) Щерба, И.Г. : Характерный механизм образовация олистостромов в эпоху горообразования (Typical mechanism of olistostrome formation in orogenic epochs) Леонов, Ю.Г. : Корреляция тектонических движений в орогенных областях (областях молассообразования) и за их пределами (Correlation of tectonic movements within and outside of orogene regions (regions of molasse formation) part II: Geological development of block-tectonics in the region of Elbe-Lineament, especially in the territory of G.D.R. Bankwitz, P.; Frischbutter, A.; Bankwitz, E.: Structure and tectonic development of Elbe-zone Ludwig, A.O.: Die strukturelle Entwicklung des NW-Abschnittes des Elbe-Lineaments und Vergleich mit dem anschließenden SE-Abschnitt im Gebiet der DDR (The structural development of the NW-part of Elbe-lineament and comparison with the south-eastern part on the territory of G.D.R.) Benek, R.: Über Beziehungen des permosilesischen Vulkanismus zum Bruchmuster, speziell zum Elbe-Lineament (On relations of Permo-Silesian volcanism to the fault pattern, especially to the Elbe-lineament) Stackebrandt, W.: Zum tektonischen Charakter der Harznordrandstörung (On tectonic character of Northern Harz border fault system) Janssen, Chr.: Analyse der Spannungsverteilung im Tafeldeckgebirge des Subherzynen Beckens und angrenzender Gebiete (Investigations of distribution of paleostress in platform cover of Subhercyn basin and adjacent regions) Fusan, O.; Kvitkovič, J.; Plancǎr, J.: Bau und Dynamik einiger Blöcke der Westkarpaten (Structure and dynamics of several tectonic blocke of the West Carpathians) Николаев, В.Г.: Консолидированная земная кора паннонского бассейна (The consolidation of earth's crust in the Pannonian Basin)

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1995 , TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE AUTHOR'S DECLARATION BORROWER'S PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF PLATES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THERMAL REGIME 2.3 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.4 HYDROLOGICAL REGIME 2.5 INTEGRATED STUDIES 2.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 STUDY SITE LOCATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 REGIONAL CLIMATE 3.3 GEOLOGY 3.4 VEGETATION 3.5 COLOUR LAKE BASIN CHAPTER4 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 METHODS 4.3 RESULTS 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SS, EIF and GC Transects 4.4.2 Permafrost Transects 4.5 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 5.1 lNTRODUCTION 5.2 THEORY 5.2.1 Energy Balance 5.2.2 Active Layer Development 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 Energy Balance 5.3.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.3.3 Predicting of Active Layer Depths 5.4 RESULTS 5.4.1 Energy Balance 5.4.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.4.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.5 DISCUSSION 5.S.1 Energy Balance 5.5.2 Ground Temperatures and Ground Heat Flux 5.5.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THEORY 6.2.1 Moisture Distribution 6.2.2 Maximum Storage within the Active Layer 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 Moisture Profiles Using TDR 6.3.2 Precipitation and Evaporation 6.3.3 Changes in Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.3.4 Maximum Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.4 RESULTS 6.4.1 Moisture Distribution 6.4.1.1 Water Content Peaks 6.4.1.2 Apparent Unfrozen Water Content 6.4.1.3 Temporal Trends of a Typical Moisture Profile 6.4.1.4 Deviations from a Typical Site 6.4.1.5 Moisture Distribution Along a Hillslope 6.4.2 Precipitation Infiltration 6.4.3. Water Storage 6.5 DISCUSSION 6.5.1 Effect of Hydrology on Active Layer Development 6.5.1.1 Precipitation 6.5.1.2 Ice and Water Content 6.5.1.3 Seasonal Changes in Soil Moisture Distribution 6.5.2 Effect of Active Layer on Hydrology 6.5.2. 1 Impermeable Boundary 6.5.2.2 Subsurface Ponding 6.5.2.3 Permafrost/Active Layer Boundary Topography 6.5.2.4 Effect of Active Layer Hydrology on Surface Water 6.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACTIVE LAYER DEVELOPMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SUMMARY 7.3 CLIMATE CHANGE 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Increase of Temperature 7.3.3 Changing Precipitation 7.4 REMOTE SENSING 7.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FuRTHER RESEARCH APPENDIX A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX A.1: ACTIVE LAYER DEPTHS APPENDIX B THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX B.1: BASE CAMP METEOROLOGICAL STATION OBSERVATIONS APPENDIX B.2: DAILY ENERGY-BALANCE SUMMARY APPENDIX B.3: MONTHLY AVERAGES FROM THE DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE METEOROLOGICAL STATION APPENDIX B.4: EXAMPLE OF DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS APPENDIX B.5: SOIL TEMPERATURES AT THE INTENSIVE STUDY SITES APPENDIX B.6: ACCUMULATED THAWING DEGREE DAYS APPENDIX B.7: CURVE FOR FENWALL THERMISTORS APPENDIX B.8: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN √ADDT AND √TT APPENDIX C HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX C.1: VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT VALUES APPENDIX C.2: POTENTIAL INFILTRATION REFERENCES , Englisch

Note: CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE CHAPTER 1 THE CHALLENGE Oil and gas pipelines: early development Pipelines for cold regions Pipelines and the public interest Where does the "North" begin? The freezing of soils Permafrost CHAPTER 2 THE TERRAIN IN COLD REGIONS Patterned ground Solifluction and other soil movements on slopes Ice-wedge polygons, pingoes and palsar Other ice in the ground and thermokarst The climate of the ground CHAPTER 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE NORTH The passive, or pre-technological approach Post-war Northern development and the geotechnical approach up to 1960 Pressure The scientific approach What happens when soils freeze? Conservation and concern for the natural environment CHAPTER 4 THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE The first big pipeline on permafrost Permafrost and earthquakes Terrain conditions and site investigations The pipeline and hydrological conditions Solutions to the problems The completed pipeline CHAPTER 5 THE GAS PIPELINES AND THE FROST HEAVE PROBLEM The Mackenzie Valley pipeline Frost heave and the cold pipeline Origin of the heaving pressure Frost heave and the shut-off pressure Measuring the movement of water through frozen ground A difference of opinion A change of plans CHAPTER 6 THE ALASKA HIGHWAY PIPELINE The approved pipeline Some general problems applying to gas pipelines Creeping soils, rivers, and glacier-dammed lakes The Alaska Highway Pipeline and the frost heave problem Another change of plans CHAPTER 7 MORE PIPELINES, MORE SCIENCE AND MORE POLITICS Russian pipelines The Norman Wells oil pipeline Applied science carried out by a company A pipeline bent in France International science More mega projects CHAPTER 8 FREEZING GROUND, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Pipelines in cold places: the future A new problem or an old one? A scientific challenge neglected Who is responsible? The unanswered questions Conclusion

Note: Zum Teil in kyrillischer Schrift. , Text in russischer, englischer und französischer Sprache