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  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (134)
  • London : The Geological Society  (108)
  • English  (242)
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  • English  (242)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 98.0373 ; M 98.0299
    In: Rock-forming minerals
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 764 S.
    Edition: 2nd ed
    ISBN: 1897799772
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0291
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents a series of review articles on nine important ancient orogens on Earth. Comparison of these mountain belts provides a wealth of information for the debate on whether there has been a change in mountain-building processes through the history of the Earth. As a precursor to these papers, the rheology of the Earth’s lithosphere through time is reviewed. Theoretical analysis and insight into the behaviour of the lithosphere of other planets constrain mechanical considerations of the Earth’s lithosphere. It is clear from these overviews that geodynamic concepts and modelling, and new techniques such as deep seismic profiling and geochronology are having a profound impact on orogenic studies. It is also clear that orogenesis must not be equated with the Wilson cycle, culminating in continent-continent collision. Subduction-related orogens and intraplate orogens are also significant.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 270 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799756
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 121
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Note: Jean-Pierre Burg and Mary Ford: Orogeny through time: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:1-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.01 --- Giorgio Ranalli: Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:19-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.02 --- P. G. Thomas, P. Allemand, and N. Mangold: Rheology of planetary lithospheres: a review from impact cratering mechanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:39-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.03 --- P. Choukroune, J. N. Ludden, D. Chardon, A. J. Calvert, and H. Bouhallier: Archaean crustal growth and tectonic processes: a comparison of the Superior Province, Canada and the Dharwar Craton, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:63-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.04 --- M. G. O’Dea, G. S. Lister, T. Maccready, P. G. Betts, N. H. S. Oliver, K. S. Pound, W. Huang, R. K. Valenta, N. H. S. Oliver, and R. K. Valenta: Geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Mount Isa terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:99-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.05 --- A. G. Milnes, O. P. Wennberg, Ø. Skår, and A. G. Koestler: Contraction, extension and timing in the South Norwegian Caledonides: the Sognefjord transect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:123-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.06 --- David R. Gray: Tectonics of the southeastern Australian Lachlan Fold Belt: structural and thermal aspects / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:149-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.07 --- P. Rey, J.-P. Burg, and M. Casey: The Scandinavian Caledonides and their relationship to the Variscan belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:179-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.08 --- V. N. Puchkov: Structure and geodynamics of the Uralian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:201-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.09 --- Simon Lamb, Leonore Hoke, Lorcan Kennan, and John Dewey: Cenozoic evolution of the Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:237-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.10
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0287
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Petrophysics is the study of the physical properties of rocks in the broadest sense. As such it provides the fundamental understanding that enables geologists to describe the physical state of a rock, to predict its behaviour and to interpret geophysical data. Traditionally the emphasis has been on hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation, but it is equally applicable to the evolution of the Earth at all scales. This volume includes developments in pore-scale studies, electrical properties, seismic methods and measurement techniques, as well as reviewing aspects of petrophysical prediction and interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 393 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799810
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 122
    Classification:
    Petrophysics
    Language: English
    Note: P. D. Jackson, D. G. Gunn, R. C. Flint, D. Beamish, P. I. Meldrum, M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, and A. Peyton: A non-contacting resistivity imaging method for characterizing whole round core while in its liner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.01 --- D. J. Prosser, A. Hurst, and M. R. Wilson: One-man-operable probe permeameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:11-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.02 --- S. R. McDougall, A. B. Dixit, and K. S. Sorbie: Network analogues of wettability at the pore scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:19-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.03 --- S. Pugliese and N. Petford: Pore-structure visualization in microdioritic enclaves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:37-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.04 --- Paul B. Basan, Ben D. Lowden, Peter R. Whattler, and John J. Attard: Pore-size data in petrophysics: a perspective on the measurement of pore geometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:47-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.05 --- M. S. King, A. Shakeel, and N. A. Chaudhry: Acoustic wave propagation and permeability in sandstones with systems of aligned cracks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:69-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.06 --- Shiyu Xu, Just Doorenbos, Sue Raikes, and Roy White: A simple but powerful model for simulating elastic wave velocities in clastic Silicate rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:87-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.07 --- T. Apuani, M. S. King, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: Measurements of the relationship between Sonic wave velocities and tensile strength in Anisotropic rock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:107-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.08 --- C. McCann, J. Sothcott, and S. B. Assefa: Prediction of petrophysical properties from seismic quality factor measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:121-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.09 --- Y. F. Sun and D. Goldberg: Estimation of aspect-ratio changes with pressure from seismic velocities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:131-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.10 --- P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, J. C. Lofts, P. A. Pezard, and J. F. Bristow: Petrophysical estimation from downhole Mineralogy logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:141-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.11 --- Paul F. Worthington: Petrophysical estimation of permeability as a function of scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:159-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.12 --- C. A. Gonçalves, P. K. Harvey, and M. A. Lovell: Prediction of petrophysical parameter logs using a multilayer backpropagation neural network / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.13 --- Brian P. Moss: The partitioning of petrophysical data: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:181-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.14 --- A. Revil, P. A. Pezard, and M. Darot: Electrical conductivity, spontaneous potential and ionic diffusion in porous media / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:253-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.15 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from rough pore interfaces to hand specimens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:277-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.16 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from hand specimen to field data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:287-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.17 --- M. Ben Clennell: Tortuosity: a guide through the maze / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:299-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.18 --- J. C. Lofts, J. Bedford, H. Boulton, J. A. van Doorn, and P. Jeffreys: Feature recognition and the interpretation of images acquired from horizontal wellbores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:345-365, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.19 --- D. Goldberg and Y. F. Sun: Scattering attenuation as a function of depth in the Upper Oceanic Crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:367-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.20 --- N. Passas, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: An application of the Moiré Method to a study of local strains during rock failure in tension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:377-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.21
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 98.0166
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Paleomagnetism is a relatively young geoscience which incorporates aspects of geomagnetism, rock magnetism and geology. This volume investigates the use of paloenmagnetism in oil exploration and production. It presents various techniques including a newly emerging technique which will be of general interest to the oil industry. The main areas in which paleomagnetic data may be useful to the petroleum geologist are : paleomagnetic dating and magnetostratigraphy; susceptibility logging of cores; magnetic fabric studies for paleocurrent analysis; using remagnetization to date diagenetic events including those associated with hydrocarbon migration; and identification of magnetic anomalies associated with hydrocarbon plumes and oil seeps. Most papers deal with case studies performed on wells from active exploration or production locations worldwide. The book is the first of its kind and presents much previously unpublished data. It will be of particular interest to both academics and professionals in the oil industry.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 301 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 189779942X
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 98
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Language: English
    Note: Peter Turner and Amanda Turner: Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.01 --- Magnetic Mineral Assemblages and Hydrocarbons --- Hans G. Machel: Magnetic mineral assemblages and magnetic contrasts in diagenetic environments — with implications for studies of palaeomagnetism, hydrocarbon migration and exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:9-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.02 --- Palaeomagnetic Properties of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs --- Hervé Perroud, Annick Chauvin, and Michel Rebelle: Hydrocarbon seepage dating through chemical remagnetization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.03 --- P. Turner, S. D. Burley, D. Rey, and J. Prosser: Burial history of the Penrith Sandstone (Lower Permian) deduced from the combined study of fluid inclusion and palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:43-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.04 --- Stuart A. Hall and Ian Evans: Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks from the Permian Basin, southeastern New Mexico, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:79-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.05 --- S. A. Johnson, P. Turner, A. Hartley, and D. Rey: Palaeomagnetic implications for the timing of hematite precipitation and remagnetization in the Carboniferous Barren Red Measures, UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:97-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.06 --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, and Laurence Thistlewood: Magnetic mineralogy of sandstones from the Lunde Formation (late Triassic), northern North Sea, UK: origin of the palaeomagnetic signal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:119-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.07 --- Claus Beyer: Results from a palaeomagnetic investigation of the Brent Group sediments in wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 showing evidence for complete remagnetization of the sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:149-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.08 --- Magnetostratigraphic Applications --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, Laurence Thistlewood, and Kevin Dean: Magnetostratigraphic correlations in two cores from the late Triassic Lunde Formation, Beryl Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:163-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.09 --- Kifaya N. Belkaaloul, Djafar M. Aissaoui, Michel Rebelle, and Gerard Sambet: Magnetostratigraphic correlations of the Jurassic carbonates from the Paris Basin: implications for petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:173-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.10 --- Eirik Hauger and Paul Van Veen: Application of magnetostratigraphy to Brent Group reservoir zonation in the Visund Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:187-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.11 --- Gillian M. Turner and Ian D. Bryant: Application of a palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy to constrain well correlation and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Eocene C1 Sands, Maui Field, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:205-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.12 --- R. Thompson and T. D. J. Cameron: Palaeomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments in North Sea boreholes: an example of a magnetostratigraphic conundrum in a hydrocarbonproducing area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:223-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.13 --- Core Orientation and Susceptibility Logging --- T. C. Rolph, J. Shaw, T. R. Harper, and J. T. Hagan: Viscous remanent magnetization: a tool for orientation of drill cores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:239-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.14 --- E. A. Hailwood and F. Ding: Palaeomagnetic reorientation of cores and the magnetic fabric of hydrocarbon reservoir sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:245-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.15 --- Reidar Løvlie and Paul Van Veen: Magnetic susceptibility of a 180 m sediment core: reliability of incremental sampling and evidence for a relationship between susceptibility and gamma activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:259-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.16 --- H. Shi and D. H. Tarling: Magnetic field of a core barrel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:267-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.17 --- D. H. Tarling and H. Shi: Magnetic anisotropy of borehole core samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:273-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.18 --- Structural Applications --- S. A. Stewart and K. C. Jackson: Palaeomagnetic analysis of fold closure growth and volumetrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.19
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 98.0100 ; 9/M 97.0396
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume represents a review of the key topics that are important to the continuing successful exploitation of gas from one of Europe's oldest hydrocarbon provinces. In a mature hydrocarbon province such as the southern North Sea, advanced techniques are needed for stratigraphic correlation and for improving the efficiency of production. Exploration in the SNS now aims for subtle traps and satellite structures. Explorers are re-evaluating the economic value of marginal and existing fields, and they are continually searching for, and applying, new techniques and technologies for enhanced productivity. Detailed techniques in diagenesis play an important role. Re-evaluation also includes examination of old plays, using detailed knowledge of the connectivity, spatial extent and correlation of known prospective strata to make reliable predictions.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 209 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799829
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 123
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Language: English
    Note: Karen Ziegler, Peter Turner, and Stephen Daines: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.01 --- K. W. Glennie: History of exploration in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:5-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.02 --- K. W. Glennie: Recent advances in understanding the southern North Sea Basin: a summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:17-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.03 --- Gareth T. George and Jeremy K. Berry: Permian (Upper Rotliegend) synsedimentary tectonics, basin development and palaeogeography of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:31-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.04 --- John Howell and Nigel Mountney: Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:63-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.05 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Rob Knipe, Colin More, Dave Ellis, Graham Dudley, Greg Jones, Quentin J. Fisher, and Gareth Allinson: Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.06 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Tim J. Primmer, Graham Dudley, David Ellis, and Gareth J. Allinson: Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality in Permian Rotliegendes sandstones, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.07 --- Nick Cameron and Tom Ziegler: Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:123-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.08 --- David G. Quirk and John F. Aitken: The structure of the Westphalian in the northern part of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.09 --- D. G. Quirk: Sequence stratigraphy of the Westphalian in the northern part of the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.10 --- F. C. J. Mijnssen: Modelling of sandbody connectivity in the Schooner Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.11 --- C. S. Yang and Y. A. Baumfalk: Application of high-frequency cycle analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:181-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.12
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0294
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mediterranean Region represents a complex mosaic of continental, microcontinental and ophiolitic terranes, whose overall evolution has been controlled by relative movements between the African and Eurasian plates. Deciphering the sequence of tectonic events in this region can be likened to attempting to reconstruct all the pictures in a stack of jigsaw puzzles when 90% of the pieces are missing (and the remaining 10% are no longer in their original shape!). Palaeomagnetic studies have played an important part in unravelling this 3D puzzle. The palaeomagnetic technique provides quantitative constraints on our reconstruction, since it can tell us which way each of the remaining pieces should be oriented (using magnetic declinations), their relative position with respect to the top of each picture (using magnetic inclinations), and in some cases which piece belongs to which picture (using magnetic dating). Perhaps more importantly, palaeomagnetism can also tell us something about the processes that led to the present confusion in our puzzle box. The 33 papers in this volume span the full width of the Mediterranean basin and present results from Permian to Quaternary rocks. Together they provide a snap-shot of the current state of palaeomagnetic research in the Mediterranean region. In addition to tectonic and magnetostratigraphic applications of palaeomagnetism, several contributions describe archaeomagnetic studies in the Mediterranean realm.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 422 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799551
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 105
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Note: A. Morris and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.01 --- Western Mediterranean --- A. Kirker and E. McClelland: Application of net tectonic rotations and inclination analysis to a high-resolution palaeomagnetic study in the Betic Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:19-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.02 --- J. J. Villalaín, M. L. Osete, R. Vegas, V. García-Dueñas, and F. Heller: The Neogene remagnetization in the western Betics: a brief comment on the reliability of palaeomagnetic directions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.03 --- H. Feinberg, O. Saddiqi, and A. Michard: New constraints on the bending of the Gibraltar Arc from palaeomagnetism of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:43-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.04 --- D. Khattach, D. Najid, N. Hamoumi, and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetic studies in Morocco: tectonic implications for the Meseta and Anti-Atlas since the Permian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:53-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.05 --- D. Rey, P. Turner, and A. Ramos: Palaeomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic in the Iberian Ranges (Central Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:59-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.06 --- M. T. Juárez, M. L. Osete, R. Vegas, C. G. Langereis, and G. Meléndez: Palaeomagnetic study of Jurassic limestones from the Iberian Range (Spain): tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:83-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.07 --- M. Garcés, J. M. Parés, and L. Cabrera: Inclination error linked to sedimentary facies in Miocene detrital sequences from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:91-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.08 --- P. Keller and U. Gehring: Consequences of post-collisional deformation on the reconstruction of the East Pyrenees / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:101-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.09 --- J. L. Pereira, A. Rapalini, D. H. Tarling, and J. Fonseca: Palaeomagnetic dating and determination of tectonic tilting: a study of Mesozoic-Cenozoic igneous rocks in central West Portugal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:111-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.10 --- Central Mediterranean and Carpathians --- J. E. T. Channell: Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of Adria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.11 --- M. Iorio, G. Nardi, D. Pierattini, and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetic evidence of block rotations in the Matese Mountains, Southern Apennines, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:133-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.12 --- M. Mattei, C. Kissel, L. Sagnotti, R. Funiciello, and C. Faccenna: Lack of Late Miocene to Present rotation in the Northern Tyrrhenian margin (Italy): a constraint on geodynamic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:141-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.13 --- M. Fedi, G. Florio, and A. Rapolla: The pattern of crustal block rotations in the Italian region deduced from aeromagnetic anomalies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:147-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.14 --- Emő Márton and Péter Márton: Large scale rotations in North Hungary during the Neogene as indicated by palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:153-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.15 --- Miroslav Krs, Marta Krsová, and Petr Pruner: Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of the Western Carpathians from the Permian to the Neogene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:175-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.16 --- Václav Houša, Miroslav Krs, Marta Krsová, and Petr Pruner: Magnetostratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous limestones in the Western Carpathians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.17 --- M. Iorio, D. H. Tarling, B. D’argenio, and G. Nardi: Ultra-fine magnetostratigraphy of Cretaceous shallow water carbonates, Monte Raggeto, southern Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:195-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.18 --- E. McClelland, B. Finegan, and R. W. H. Butler: A magnetostratigraphic study of the onset of the Mediterranean Messinian salility crisis; Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:205-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.19 --- F. Florindo and L. Sagnotti: Revised magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetism of Pliocene sediments from Valle Ricca (Rome, Italy) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:219-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.20 --- Giancarlo Scalera, Paolo Favali, and Fabio Florindo: Palaeomagnetic database: the effect of quality filtering for geodynamic studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:225-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.21 --- Eastern Mediterranean --- A. H. F. Robertson, J. E. Dixon, S. Brown, A. Collins, A. Morris, E. Pickett, I. Sharp, and T. Ustaömer: Alternative tectonic models for the Late Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary development of Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:239-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.22 --- H. J. Mauritsch, R. Scholger, S. L. Bushati, and A. Xhomo: Palaeomagnetic investigations in Northern Albania and their significance for the geodynamic evolution of the Adriatic-Aegean realm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:265-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.23 --- D. Kondopoulou, A. Atzemoglou, and S. Pavlides: Palaeomagnetism as a tool for testing geodynamic models in the North Aegean: convergences, controversies and a further hypothesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:277-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.24 --- H. Feinberg, B. Edel, D. Kondopoulou, and A. Michard: Implications of ophiolite palaeomagnetism for the interpretation of the geodynamics of Northern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:289-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.25 --- J. D. A. Piper, Joanna M. Moore, O. Tatar, H. Gursoy, and R. G. Park: Palaeomagnetic study of crustal deformation across an intracontinental transform: the North Anatolian Fault Zone in Northern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:299-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.26 --- Antony Morris: A review of palaeomagnetic research in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:311-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.27 --- A. M. Kafafy, D. H. Tarling, M. M. El Gamili, H. H. Hamama, and E. H. Ibrahim: Palaeomagnetism of some Cretaceous Nubian Sandstones, Northern Sinai, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:325-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.28 --- A. L. Abdeldayem and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetism of some Tertiary sedimentary rocks, southwest Sinai, Egypt, in the tectonic framework of the SE Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:333-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.29 --- Applications in Volcanology --- Leon Bardot, Rick Thomas, and Elizabeth McClelland: Emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic deposits on Santorini deduced from palaeomagnetic measurements: constraints on eruption mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:345-357, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.30 --- Maurizio De’ Gennaro, Paola R. Gialanella, Alberto Incoronato, Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo, and Debora Naimo: Palaeomagnetic controls on the emplacement of the Neapolit
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0292
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a synthesis of Archaean and Proterozoic crustal evolution in the North Atlantic Region. There is particular reference to Proterozoic collisional tectonics. The main topics include: Archaean crustal growth; Proterozoic crustal growth; orogenic processes during the Proterozic; geochronology of Proterozoic tectono-thermal processes; and provenance of Proterozoic sediments.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 386 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799624
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 112
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Note: D. B. Snyder, S. B. Lucas, and J. H. McBride: Crustal and mantle reflectors from Palaeoproterozoic orogens and their relation to arc-continent collisions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:1-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.01 --- H. R. Rollinson: Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite magmatism and the genesis of Lewisian crust during the Archaean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:25-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.02 --- A. Vrevsky, R. Krimsky, and S. Svetov: Rare earth and isotopic (Nd, O) heterogeneity of the Archaean mantle, Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:43-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.03 --- E. V. Bibikova, T. Skiöld, and S. V. Bogdanova: Age and geodynamic aspects of the oldest rocks in the Precambrian Belomorian Belt of the Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:55-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.04 --- S. V. Bogdanova: High-grade metamorphism of 2.45–2.4 Ga age in mafic intrusions of the Belomorian Belt in the northeastern Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:69-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.05 --- Martin J. Van Kranendonk and Richard J. Wardle: Burwell domain of the Palaeoproterozoic Torngat Orogen, northeastern Canada: tilted cross-section of a magmatic are caught between a rock and a hard place / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:91-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.06 --- Toby Rivers, Flemming Mengel, David J. Scott, Lisa M. Campbell, and Normand Goulet: Torngat Orogen — a Palaeoproterozoic example of a narrow doubly vergent collisional orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:117-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.07 --- R. J. Wardle and M. J. Van Kranendonk: The Palaeoproterozoic Southeastern Churchill Province of Labrador-Quebec, Canada: orogenic development as a consequence of oblique collision and indentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:137-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.08 --- Andrew Kerr, Bruce Ryan, Charles F. Gower, Richard J. Wardle, and Andrew Kerr: The Makkovik Province: extension of the Ketilidian Mobile Belt in mainland North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:155-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.09 --- B. Chadwick and A. A. Garde: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:179-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.10 --- Charles F. Gower: The evolution of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:197-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.11 --- Ian C. Starmer: Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the North Atlantic supercontinent, 1700-950 Ma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:219-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.12 --- A. Wikström, T. Skiöld, and B. Öhlander: The relationship between 1.88 Ga old magmatism and the Baltic-Bothnian shear zone in northern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.13 --- J. N. Connelly and K-I. Åhäll: The Mesoproterozoic cratonization of Baltica — new age constraints from SW Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.14 --- J. F. Menuge and T. S. Brewer: Mesoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:275-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.15 --- J. N. Connelly, J. Berglund, and S. Å. Larson: Thermotectonic evolution of the Eastern Segment of southwestern Sweden: tectonic constraints from U-Pb geochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.16 --- Laurence M. Page, Michael B. Stephens, and Carl-Henric Wahlgren: 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian Orogen, south-central Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:315-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.17 --- S. Mertanen, L. J. Pesonen, and H. Huhma: Palaeomagnetism and Sm-Nd ages of the Neoproterozoic diabase dykes in Laanila and Kautokeino, northern Fennoscandia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:331-358, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.18 --- Trevor F. Emmett: The provenance of pre-Scandian continental flakes within the Caledonide Orogen of south-central Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:359-366, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.19 --- W. R. Fitches, N. J. G. Pearce, J. A. Evans, and R. J. Muir: Provenance of late Proterozoic Dalradian tillite clasts, Inner Hebrides, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:367-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.20
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 97.0293
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: SE Asia is probably the finest natural geological laboratory in the world, yet is still not geologically well known. It is a spectacular region in which the manifestations and processes of plate collision can be observed at present and in which their history is recorded. It is a region that must be understood if we are to understand mountain belts, arc development marginal basin evolution and, more generally, the behaviour of the lithosphere in collision settings. Furthermore, the region is developing rapidly on the economic front, and a major part of this rapid development is built on natural resources. The geological reasons for the distribution of these resources are therefore of major importance for the inhabitants of the region and for any attempts to discover and exploit them. The volume will be of interest to all geologists working in SE Asia, particularly those involved in the petroleum industry.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 566 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799527
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 106
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Note: Robert Hall, D. J. Blundell, and Robert Hall: Tectonic evolution of SE Asia: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:vii-xiii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.01 --- Part 1: Present-day Tectonics --- Robert McCaffrey: Slip partitioning at convergent plate boundaries of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:3-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.02 --- Jacques André Malod and Badrul Mustafa Kemal: The Sumatra margin: oblique subduction and lateral displacement of the accretionary prism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:19-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.03 --- Claude Rangin, Daharta Dahrin, Ray Quebral, and The Modec Scientific Party: Collision and strike-slip faulting in the northern Molucca Sea (Philippines and Indonesia): preliminary results of a morphotectonic study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:29-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.04 --- A. N. Richardson, D. J. Blundell, and A. N. Richardson: Continental collision in the Banda arc / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:47-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.05 --- David B. Snyder, John Milsom, and Hardi Prasetyo: Geophysical evidence for local indentor tectonics in the Banda arc east of Timor / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:61-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.06 --- B. D. Hughes, K. Baxter, R. A. Clark, and D. B. Snyder: Detailed processing of seismic reflection data from the frontal part of the Timor trough accretionary wedge, eastern Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:75-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.07 --- John Milsom, Steve Kaye, and Sardjono: Extension, collision and curvature in the eastern Banda arc / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:85-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.08 --- Part 2: Tectonic Development of Southeast Asia --- I. Metcalfe: Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:97-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.09 --- Gordon Packham: Cenozoic SE Asia: reconstructing its aggregation and reorganization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:123-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.10 --- Robert Hall: Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:153-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.11 --- T. O. Simandjuntak and A. J. Barber: Contrasting tectonic styles in the Neogene orogenic belts of Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:185-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.12 --- Bryan Richter and Michael Fuller: Palaeomagnetism of the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks: implications for the extrusion tectonic model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:203-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.13 --- Robert B. Stokes, Paul F. Lovatt Smith, and Ko Soumphonphakdy: Timing of the Shan-Thai-Indochina collision: new evidence from the Pak Lay Foldbelt of the Lao PDR / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:225-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.14 --- Paul F. Lovatt Smith, Robert B. Stokes, Charlie Bristow, and Andrew Carter: Mid-Cretaceous inversion in the Northern Khorat Plateau of Lao PDR and Thailand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:233-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.15 --- Charles S. Hutchison: The ‘Rajang accretionary prism’ and ‘Lupar Line’ problem of Borneo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:247-261, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.16 --- Shariff A. K. Omang and A. J. Barber: Origin and tectonic significance of the metamorphic rocks associated with the Darvel Bay Ophiolite, Sabah, Malaysia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:263-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.17 --- Khalid Ngah, Mazlan Madon, and H. D. Tjia: Role of pre-Tertiary fractures in formation and development of the Malay and Penyu basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:281-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.18 --- H. D. Tjia and K. K. Liew: Changes in tectonic stress field in northern Sunda Shelf basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:291-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.19 --- Ben Clennell: Far-field and gravity tectonics in Miocene basins of Sabah, Malaysia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:307-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.20 --- W. J. McCourt, M. J. Crow, E. J. Cobbing, and T. C. Amin: Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic evolution of SE Asia: evidence from Sumatra, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:321-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.21 --- M. A. Samuel and N. A. Harbury: The Mentawai fault zone and deformation of the Sumatran Forearc in the Nias area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:337-351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.22 --- Koji Wakita, Jan Sopaheluwakan, Kazuhiro Miyazaki, Iskandar Zulkarnain, and Munasri: Tectonic evolution of the Bantimala Complex, South Sulawesi, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:353-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.23 --- Moyra E. J. Wilson and Dan W. J. Bosence: The Tertiary evolution of South Sulawesi: a record in redeposited carbonates of the Tonasa Limestone Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:365-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.24 --- Steven C. Bergman, Dana Q. Coffield, James P. Talbot, and Richard A. Garrard: Tertiary Tectonic and magmatic evolution of western Sulawesi and the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: evidence for a Miocene continent-continent collision / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:391-429, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.25 --- Jason R. Ali, John Milsom, Edward M. Finch, and Bundan Mubroto: SE Sundaland accretion: palaeomagnetic evidence of large Plio-Pleistocene thin-skin rotations in Buton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:431-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.26 --- P Z. Vroon, M. J. Van Bergen, and E. J. Forde: Pb and Nd isotope constraints on the provenance of tectonically dispersed continental fragments in east Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:445-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.27 --- Kees Linthout, Henk Helmers, Jan R. Wijbrans, and Jan Diederik A. M. Van Wees: 40Ar/39Ar constraints on obduction of the Seram ultramafic complex: consequences for the evolution of the southern Banda Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:455-464, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.28 --- Tim R. Charlton: Correlation of the Salawati and Tomori Basins, eastern Indonesia: a constraint on left-lateral displacements of the Sorong fault zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:465-481, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.29 --- Jeffrey F. A. Malaihollo and Robert Hall: The geology and tectonic evolution of the Bacan region, east Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:483-497, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.30 --- Simon Baker and Jeffrey Malaihollo: Dating of Neogene igneous rocks in the Halmahera region: arc initiation and development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:499-509, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.31 --- M. Pubellier, R. Quebral, M. Aurelio, and C. Rangin: Docking and post-docking escape tectonics in the southern Philippines / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:511-523, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.32 --- P. V. Crowhurst, K. C. Hill, D. A. Foster, and A. P. Bennett: Thermochronological and geochemical constraints on the tectonic evolution of northern Papua New Guinea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:525-537, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.33 --- Helmut Wopfner: Gondwana origin of the Baoshan and Tengchong terranes of west Yunnan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:539-547, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.19
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 00.0574
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: An interdisciplinary collection of papers related to long-term landscape development, integrating landscape and tectonic processes. The presentations demonstrate that studies of present-day processes can be successfully placed within an evolutionary framework and geological setting, the necessity for which increases as appreciation of the antiquity of many landscapes grows. Coverage includes: British Isles, NW Europe, Mediterranean Basin, Middle East, Himalaya, Andes and Antarctica. The papers highlight the significance of recent advances in analytical technology for improving interpretation of both geologically ‘ancient’ and ‘young’ landscapes. It is hoped that, by demonstrating the benefits of interdisciplinary discourse, a widening of interest in landscape studies will be encouraged.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 278 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1862390479
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 162
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Note: B. J. Smith, W. B. Whalley, P. A. Warke, and A. Ruffell: Introduction and background: interpretations of landscape change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:vii-x, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.01 --- The British Isles --- David K. C. Jones: Evolving models of the Tertiary evolutionary geomorphology of southern England, with special reference to the Chalklands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:1-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.02 --- David K. C. Jones: On the uplift and denudation of the Weald / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:25-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.03 --- Peter Walsh, Michael Boulter, and Iwona Morawiecka: Chattian and Miocene elements in the modern landscape of western Britain and Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:45-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.04 --- Y. Battiau-Queney: Crustal anisotropy and differential uplift: their role in long-term landform development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:65-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.05 --- Mainland Europe and Scandinavia --- Väino Puura, Rein Vaher, and Igor Tuuling: Pre-Devonian landscape of the Baltic Oil-Shale Basin, NW of the Russian Platform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:75-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.06 --- Karna Lidmar-Bergström: Uplift histories revealed by landforms of the Scandinavian domes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:85-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.07 --- Piotr Migoń: Inherited landscapes of the Sudetic Foreland (SW Poland) and implications for reconstructing uplift and erosional histories of upland terrains in Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:93-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.08 --- Roberto Basili, Fabrizio Galadini, and Paolo Messina: The application of palaeolandsurface analysis to the study of recent tectonics in central Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:109-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.09 --- Carlo Bartolini: An overview of Pliocene to present-day uplift and denudation rates in the Northern Apennine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:119-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.10 --- Africa and the Middle East --- Alastair W. Baird and Andrew J. Russell: Structural and stratigraphic perspectives on the uplift and erosional history of Djebel Cherichira and Oued Grigema, a segment of the Tunisian Atlas thrust front / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:127-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.11 --- R. W. H. Butler and S. Spencer: Landscape evolution and the preservation of tectonic landforms along the northern Yammouneh Fault, Lebanon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.12 --- Mats G. Eriksson: Influence of crustal movements on landforms, erosion and sediment deposition in the Irangi Hills, central Tanzania / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:157-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.13 --- Asia --- David N. Petley and Sharon Reid: Uplift and landscape stability at Taroko, eastern Taiwan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:169-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.14 --- P. A. Fothergill and H. Ma: Preliminary observations on the geomorphic evolution of the Guide Basin, Qinghai Province, China: implications for the uplift of the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:183-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.15 --- Lewis A. Owen, W. Dickson Cunningham, Brian F. Windley, J. Badamgarov, and D. Dorjnamjaa: The landscape evolution of Nemegt Uul: a late Cenozoic transpressional uplift in the Gobi Altai, southern Mongolia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:201-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.16 --- The Americas --- Catherine T. Conrad and Houston C. Saunderson: Temporal and spatial variation in suspended sediment yields from eastern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:219-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.17 --- Carlos H. Costa, Aldo D. Giaccardi, and Emilio F. González Díaz: Palaeolandsurfaces and neotectonic analysis in the southern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:229-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.18 --- Mauro Coltorti and Cliff D. Ollier: The significance of high planation surface in the Andes of Ecuador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.19 --- Antarctica --- M. A. Summerfield, D. E. Sugden, G. H. Denton, D. R. Marchant, H. A. P. Cockburn, and F. M. Stuart: Cosmogenic isotope data support previous evidence of extremely low rates of denudation in the Dry Valleys region, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162:255-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.162.01.20
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 99.0346
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The metronomic variations of the Earth-Moon system and of the Earth-Sun orbital patterns produce gravitational and temperature effects that alter the physical environment on the Earth’s surface. These give an interpenetrating effect of forcing cycles ranging from twice-daily tides, day-night alternations, various tidal patterns and the annual solar pattern. All of these have been used palaeontologically to give precision to short-term age determination in the past. It is cycles of the Milankovitch band that are showing promise of enabling new practical timescales to be established for parts of the geological record. These depend on changes in the Earth-Sun distance and changes in the tilt of the Earth’s axis with respect to the Earth’s orbit round the Sun. There is increasing evidence that small-scale sedimentary rhythmic couplets may represent the effect of such changes. The disentangling of the interpenetrating cycles to produce an orbital forcing timescale is an exciting problem and challenge for palaeobiology and sedimentology. These should enable numerical dates to be given to bio- and chronostratigraphical timescales and eventually enable many Earth processes to be analysed in real time. The papers in this volume represent major new developments in sedimentological, paIaeontological, geochemical and stratigraphical research being undertaken in this field.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 210 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799233
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 85
    Classification:
    Stratigraphy
    Language: English
    Note: Michael R. House: Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.01 --- Sean B. Kelly and Shaun P. Sadler: Equilibrium and response to climatic and tectonic forcing: A study of alluvial sequences in the Devonian Munster Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:19-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.02 --- Michael R. House: Devonian precessional and other signatures for establishing a Givetian timescale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:37-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.03 --- G. P. Weedon and W. A. Read: Orbital-climatic forcing of Namurian cyclic sedimentation from spectral analysis of the Limestone Coal Formation, Central Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:51-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.04 --- Gwyn P. G. Moses: Calibration, analysis and interpretation of depositional cycles in the Early Toarcian of Yorkshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:67-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.05 --- Helen K. Waterhouse: High-resolution palynofacies investigation of Kimmeridgian sedimentary cycles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:75-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.06 --- P. J. Valdes, B. W. Sellwood, and G. D. Price: Modelling Late Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:115-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.07 --- P. Cotillon: Constraints for using high-frequency sedimentary cycles in cyclostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:133-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.08 --- F. Giraud, L. Beaufort, and P. Cotillon: Periodicities of carbonate cycles in the Valanginian of the Vocontian Trough: a strong obliquity control / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:143-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.09 --- Didier Quesne and Serge Ferry: Detailed relationships between platform and pelagic carbonates (Barremian, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:165-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.10 --- A. S. Gale: Cyclostratigraphy and correlation of the Cenomanian Stage in Western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:177-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.11 --- Alfred G. Fischer: Cyclostratigraphy, Quo Vadis? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:199-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.12
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 00.0575
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Field geology is, by definition, the geology of exhumed rocks. This book provides a broad range of examples of deep exhumation and emphasizes the competition between the various exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile thinning and erosion. The papers include examples from all parts of the world and from a variety of tectonic settings, including oceanic subduction zones, continental collision zones and continental rifts. The volume explores the relationship between climate, erosion and tectonics. It provides innovative applications of thermochronology to understanding the rates and geometry of normal faulting, and the interaction between erosion and tectonics. The book will be of broad interest to any student of mountain belts and orogenesis, including those in tectonics, structural geology, geodynamics, metamorphic petrology, sedimentology and geomorphology.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 378 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1862390320
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 154
    Classification:
    E.3.4.
    Language: English
    Note: Uwe Ring, Mark T. Brandon, Sean D. Willett, and Gordon S. Lister: Exhumation processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:1-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.01 --- Subduction-Related Accretionary Wedges (B-type Subduction) --- Richard L. Sedlock: Evaluation of exhumation mechanisms for coherent blueschists in western Baja California, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:29-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.02 --- Uwe Ring and Mark T. Brandon: Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:55-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.03 --- Stuart N. Thomson, Bernhard Stöckhert, and Manfred R. Brix: Miocene high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: rapid exhumation by buoyant escape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.04 --- T. J. Rawling and G. S. Lister: Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:109-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.05 --- R. P. Wintsch, T. Byrne, and M. Toriumi: Exhumation of the Sanbagawa blueschist belt, SW Japan, by lateral flow and extrusion: evidence from structural kinematics and retrograde P-T-t paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:129-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.06 --- Collisional Belts and Intra-Continental Convergence (A-type Subduction) --- Fritz Schlunegger and Sean Willett: Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for exhumation mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:157-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.07 --- Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Jean-Pierre Burg, and Christian Teyssier: Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:181-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.08 --- Andrew T. Calvert, Phillip B. Gans, and Jeffrey M. Amato: Diapiric ascent and cooling of a sillimanite gneiss dome revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology: the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:205-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.09 --- Allen F. Glazner: Exposure of deep, dense rocks: interplay between erosion and sinking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.10 --- J. McL. Miller, R. T. Gregory, D. R. Gray, and D. A. Foster: Geological and geochronological constraints on the exhumation of a high-pressure metamorphic terrane, Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:241-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.11 --- Geoffrey E. Batt, Barry P. Kohn, Jean Braun, Ian McDougall, and Trevor R. Ireland: New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:261-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.12 --- John I. Garver, Mark T. Brandon, Mary Roden-Tice, and Peter J. J. Kamp: Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:283-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.13 --- Lithospheric Extension: Divergent Plate Motions (Rifting) --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Detachment faults in the Aegean core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:305-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.14 --- Laurel B. Goodwin: Controls on pseudotachylyte formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.15 --- David A. Foster and Barbara E. John: Quantifying tectonic exhumation in an extensional orogen with thermochronology: examples from the southern Basin and Range Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:343-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.16
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 99. 0347
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The early Paleogene of northwest Europe has been the subject of intense investigation over the last 25 years, with important stimuli being provided by the search for oil and gas in the offshore basins and by lUGS-sponsored investigations of the onshore historical stage and stratotype sections. The book includes three categories of papers on the Paleocene and Eocene of NW Europe: detailed aspects of local stratigraphy in the North Sea, Denmark, Belgium, SE England and offshore NW Scotland; regional syntheses of the biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in NW Europe; and papers placing the successions of NW Europe in a global context, primarily through correlation with oceanic sections of the eastern Atlantic. Topics covered include: biostratigraphy (foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, dinoflagellate cysts, diatoms, mammals), isotope stratigraphy, tephrostratigraphy, igneous history, tectonic evolution, and sequence stratigraphy. The reader will have access to substantial amounts of new stratigraphic data and to compilations of existing data that are based on greatly improved regional and global stratigraphic frameworks.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 480 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799470
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 101
    Classification:
    Stratigraphy
    Language: English
    Note: R. W. O’B. Knox: Correlation of the early Paleogene in northwest Europe: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.01 --- Regional Studies: Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Volcanism --- J. E. Neal: A summary of Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in northwest Europe and the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:15-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.02 --- P. A. Nadin and N. J. Kusznir: Forward and reverse stratigraphic modelling of Cretaceous-Tertiary post-rift subsidence and Paleogene uplift in the Outer Moray Firth Basin, central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:43-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.03 --- J. D. Ritchie and K. Hitchen: Early Paleogene offshore igneous activity to the northwest of the UK and its relationship to the North Atlantic Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:63-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.04 --- Aidan M. Joy: Controls on Eocene sedimentation in the central North Sea Basin: results of a basinwide correlation study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:79-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.05 --- David C. Mudge and Jonathan P. Bujak: An integrated stratigraphy for the Paleocene and Eocene of the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:91-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.06 --- J. E. Thomas: The occurrence of the dinoflagellate cyst Apectodinium (Costa & Downie 1976) Lentin & Williams 1977 in the Moray and Montrose Groups (Danian to Thanetian) of the UK central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:115-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.07 --- Susan E. Wood and Richard V. Tyson: An integrated palynological-palynofacies approach to the zonation of the Paleogene in the Forties-Montrose Ridge area, central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:121-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.08 --- Jason R. Ali and David W. Jolley: Chronostratigraphic framework for the Thanetian and lower Ypresian deposits of southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:129-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.09 --- A. J. Powell, H. Brinkhuis, and J. P. Bujak: Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene dinoflagellate cyst sequence biostratigraphy of southeast England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:145-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.10 --- Richard A. Ellison, Jason R. Ali, Nicolette M. Hine, and David W. Jolley: Recognition of Chron C25n in the upper Paleocene Upnor Formation of the London Basin, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:185-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.11 --- J. R. Ali, E. A. Hailwood, and C. King: The ‘Oldhaven magnetozone’ in East Anglia: a revised interpretation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:195-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.12 --- J. J. Hooker: Mammalian biostratigraphy across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Paris, London and Belgian basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:205-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.13 --- David W. Jolley: The earliest Eocene sediments of eastern England: an ultra-high resolution palynological correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:219-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.14 --- Alexander G. Mitlehner: Palaeoenvironments in the North Sea Basin around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: evidence from diatoms and other siliceous microfossils / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:255-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.15 --- B. Schmitz, C. Heilmann-Clausen, C. King, E. Steurbaut, F. P. Andreasson, R. M. Corfield, and J. E. Cartlidge: Stable isotope and biotic evolution in the North Sea during the early Eocene: the Albæk Hoved section, Denmark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:275-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.16 --- Global Perspective: Geochronology and the Oceanic Record --- W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry: A late Paleocene-early Eocene NW European and North Sea magnetobiochronological correlation network / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:309-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.17 --- Marie-Pierre Aubry, William A. Berggren, Lowell Stott, and Ashish Sinha: The upper Paleocene-lower Eocene stratigraphic record and the Paleocene-Eocene boundary carbon isotope excursion: implications for geochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:353-380, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.18 --- Lowell D. Stott, Ashish Sinha, Medard Thiry, Marie-Pierre Aubry, and William A. Berggren: Global δ13C changes across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: criteria for terrestrial-marine correlations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:381-399, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.19 --- E. Thomas and N. J. Shackleton: The Paleocene-Eocene benthic foraminiferal extinction and stable isotope anomalies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:401-441, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.20 --- Richard M. Corfield and Richard D. Norris: Deep water circulation in the Paleocene Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:443-456, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.21 --- Stella D. Charisi and Birger Schmitz: Early Eocene palaeoceanography and palaeoclimatology of the eastern North Atlantic: stable isotope results for DSDP Hole 550 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:457-472, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.22
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 99.0006
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Although it has long been recognized that what ultimately drives metamorphism and metamorphic reactions is heat, what was less certain is the distribution of heat within the crust, the type and location of major heat sources and the rates of heat flux through crustal rocks. This book explores the factors that control metamorphism and rates of metamorphic processes.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 287 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1862390096
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 138
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Note: Peter J. Treloar and Patrick J. O’Brien: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.01 --- K. V. Hodges: The thermodynamics of Himalayan orogenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:7-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.02 --- R. A. Jamieson, C. Beaumont, P. Fullsack, and B. Lee: Barrovian regional metamorphism: where’s the heat? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:23-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.03 --- Donna L. Whitney and Yildirim Dilek: Characterization and interpretation of P-T paths with multiple thermal peaks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:53-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.04 --- J. Reche, F. J. Martínez, and M. L. Arboleya: Low- to medium-pressure Variscan metamorphism in Galicia (NW Spain): evolution of a kyanite-bearing synform and associated bounding antiformal domains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:61-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.05 --- Simon L. Harley: On the occurrence and characterization of ultrahigh-temperature crustal metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:81-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.06 --- Mike Sandiford and Martin Hand: Australian Proterozoic high-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism in the conductive limit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:109-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.07 --- Roger L. Gibson and Gary Stevens: Regional metamorphism due to anorogenic intracratonic magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:121-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.08 --- Michael Brown: Ridge-trench interactions and high-T-low-P metamorphism, with particular reference to the Cretaceous evolution of the Japanese Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:137-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.09 --- Nigel Harris and Michael Ayres: The implications of Sr-isotope disequilibrium for rates of prograde metamorphism and melt extraction in anatectic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:171-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.10 --- Alan Whittington, Nigel Harris, and Judy Baker: Low-pressure crustal anatexis: the significance of spinel and cordierite from metapelitic assemblages at Nanga Parbat, northern Parkistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:183-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.11 --- David C. Rubie: Disequilibrium during metamorphism: the role of nucleation kinetics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:199-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.12 --- R. H. Vernon: Chemical and volume changes during deformation and prograde metamorphism of sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:215-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.13 --- Andrew J. Barker and Xing Zhang: The role of microcracking and grain-boundary dilation during retrograde reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:247-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.14 --- Brenton Worley and Roger Powell: Making movies: phase diagrams changing in pressure, temperature, composition and time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 138:269-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.138.01.15
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 99.0007 ; AWI G6-01-0167 ; M 99.0348Regal 7
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: From a geological perspective, gas hydrates are an important feature of the shallow geosphere. If current estimates are correct, gas hydrates contain more potential fossil fuel energy than is present in conventional oil, gas and coal deposits, although it is uncertain how much of this can be exploited. They are also geological agents that affect the physical, geophysical and geochemical properties of sediments. Oceanic gas hydrates are increasingly recognized as a major potential ha~rd for the stability of offshore structures in various deep-water hydrocarbon provinces. The possibility also exists that a large release of methane from gas hydrates may have a significant impact on the radiative properties of the atmosphere and thus influence global Climatei past~ present and future, Following an introduction and overviews, this book covers; analysis .and modelling of hydrate formation; exploration strategy and reservoir evaluation; regional case studies; relevance to margin~stability and climate change. Hydrate research informatiloln is presented from the USA, Russia, South Asia and the European Union. The individual papers, drawing on hydrate research: by leading :European and American scentists, are well written, with extensive references and high quality graphs and figures. Thorough index. Recommended as a valuable state,of-the-art reference in natural gas hydrates, marine geology, and the environment for students in all the earth science disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 338 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 186239010X
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 137
    Classification:
    A.3.1.
    Language: English
    Note: Introduction and Overviews --- J.-P. Henriet and J. Mienert: Gas Hydrates: the Gent debates. Outlook on research horizons and strategies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.01 --- K. A. Kvenvolden: A primer on the geological occurrence of gas hydrate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:9-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.02 --- E. D. Sloan, Jr: Physical/chemical properties of gas hydrates and application to world margin stability and climatic change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:31-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.03 --- Analysis and Modelling of Hydrate Formation --- G. D. Ginsburg: Gas hydrate accumulation in deep-water marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.04 --- A. W. Rempel and B. A. Buffett: Mathematical models of gas hydrate accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.05 --- R. J. Bakker: Improvements in clathrate modelling II: the H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-C2H6 fluid system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:75-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.06 --- H. Lu and R. Matsumoto: Synthesis of CO2 hydrate in various CH3CO2Na/CH3CO2H pH buffer solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:107-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.07 --- Exploration Strategy and Reservoir Evaluation Methodology --- J. S. Booth, W. J. Winters, W. P. Dillon, M. B. Clennell, and M. M. Rowe: Major occurrences and reservoir concepts of marine clathrate hydrates: implications of field evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:113-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.08 --- D. Goldberg and S. Saito: Detection of gas hydrates using downhole logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:129-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.09 --- J. W. Hobro, T. A. Minshull, and S. C. Singh: Tomographic seismic studies of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Cascadia Margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:133-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.10 --- U. Tinivella, E. Lodolo, A. Camerlenghi, and G. Boehm: Seismic tomography study of a bottom simulating reflector off the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.11 --- Worldwide Gas Hydrate Occurrences and Regional Case Studies --- C. K. Paull, W. S. Borowski, and N. M. Rodriguez: Marine gas hydrate inventory: preliminary results of ODP Leg 164 and implications for gas venting and slumping associated with the Blake Ridge gas hydrate field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:153-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.12 --- R. Thiéry, R. Bakker, and C. Monnin: Geochemistry of gas hydrates and associated fluids in the sediments of a passive continental margin. Preliminary results of the ODP Leg 164 on the Blake Outer Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:161-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.13 --- G. J. De Lange and H.-J. Brumsack: The occurrence of gas hydrates in Eastern Mediterranean mud dome structures as indicated by pore-water composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:167-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.14 --- J. M. Woodside, M. K. Ivanov, and A. F. Limonov: Shallow gas and gas hydrates in the Anaximander Mountains region, eastern Mediterranean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:177-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.15 --- M. K. Ivanov, A. F. Limonov, and J. M. Woodside: Extensive deep fluid flux through the sea floor on the Crimean continental margin (Black Sea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:195-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.16 --- S. V. Bouriak and A. M. Akhmetjanov: Origin of gas hydrate accumulations on the continental slope of the Crimea from geophysical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.17 --- D. Long, S. Lammers, and P. Linke: Possible hydrate mounds within large sea-floor craters in the Barents Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:223-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.18 --- M. Veerayya, S. M. Karisiddaiah, K. H. Vora, B. G. Wagle, and F. Almeida: Detection of gas-charged sediments and gas hydrate horizons along the western continental margin of India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.19 --- S. Neben, K. Hinz, and H. Beiersdorf: Reflection characteristics, depth and geographical distribution of bottom simulating reflectors within the accretionary wedge of Sulawesi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:255-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.20 --- G. Delisle, H. Beiersdorf, S. Neben, and D. Steinmann: The geothermal field of the North Sulawesi accretionary wedge and a model on BSR migration in unstable depositional environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:267-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.21 --- Relevance to Margin Stability and Climatic Change --- J. Mienert, J. Posewang, and M. Baumann: Gas hydrates along the northeastern Atlantic margin: possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and possible release of methane / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.22 --- W. P. Dillon, W. W. Danforth, D. R. Hutchinson, R. M. Drury, M. H. Taylor, and J. S. Booth: Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:293-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.23 --- B. U. Haq: Natural gas hydrates: searching for the long-term climatic and slope-stability records / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:303-318, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.24 --- R. B. Thorpe, J. A. Pyle, and E.G. Nisbet: What does the ice-core record imply concerning the maximum climatic impact of possible gas hydrate release at Termination 1A? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:319-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.25 --- D. Raynaud, J. Chappellaz, and T. Blünier: Ice-core record of atmospheric methane changes: relevance to climatic changes and possible gas hydrate sources / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:327-331, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.26
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  • 15
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/36
    In: CRREL Report, 82-36
    Description / Table of Contents: Camp construction and drilling activities in 1950 at the East Oumalik drill site in northern Alaska caused extensive degradation of ice-rich, perennially frozen silt and irreversible modification of the upland terrain. In a study of the long-term degradational effects at this site, the near-surface geology was defined by drilling and coring 76 holes (maximum depth of 34 m) in disturbed and undisturbed areas and by laboratory analyses of these cores. Terrain disturbances, including bulldozed roads and excavations, camp structures and off-road vehicle trails, were found to have severely disrupted the site's thermal regime. This led to a thickening of the active layer, melting of the ground ice, thaw subsidence and thaw consolidation of the sediments. Slumps, sediment gravity flows and collapse of materials on slopes bounding thaw depressions expanded the degradation laterally, with thermal and hydraulic erosion removing materials as the depressions widened and deepened with time. Degradational processes became less active after thawed sediments thickened sufficiently to slow the increase in the depth of thaw and permit slope stabilization. The site's terrain is now irregular and hummocky with numerous depressions. Seasonal thaw depths are deeper in disturbed areas than in undisturbed areas and reflect the new moisture conditions and morphology. The severity of disturbance is much greater at East Oumalik than at another old drill site, Fish Creek. The difference results primarily from differences in the physical properties of the sediments, including the quantity and distribution of ground ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-36
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Methodology Geologic setting Camp construction and occupation Types of disturbance Degradational processes and the effective area of impact Areal effects of disturbance Topography Groundwater, surface water and drainage Sediment properties and near-surface stratigraphy Surficial processes Depth of thaw Comparison to Fish Creek Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 16
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/13
    In: CRREL Report, 83-13
    Description / Table of Contents: A review on past experimental and theoretical work indicates a need for additional experimentation to characterize the response of snow to inelastic pressure waves. Pressure data from previously conducted explosion tests are analyzed to estimate the elastic limit of snow of 400 -kg/cu m density to be about 36 kPa. This pressure corresponds to a scaled distance of 1.6 m/cu.rt.kg for charges fired beneath the surface of the snow, and to a scaled distance of 1.2 m/cu.rt.kg for charges fired in the air. The effects of a snow cover on the method of clearing a minefield by using an explosive charge fired in the air above the snow surface are also discussed and recommendations are given for further work in this area. Explosive pressure data are used to estimate the maximum effective scaled radius for detonating buried mines at shallow depth to be 0.8 m/cu.rt.kg. Fuel-air explosive will increase this effective radius significantly because of the increase in the size of the source region.
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    Pages: 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Objectives Background Problems in describing the response of snow to an applied stress Methods of determining the dynamic behavior of materials Review of previous studies on snow Experimental measurements on snow Summary of snow experiments Theoretical studies Confirmation of the theory Discussion Applications Recommendations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Selected data from Wisotski and Snyder (1966) Appendix B. Pressure data from Livingston (1964)
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  • 17
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/14
    In: CRREL Report, 83-14
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis of ice fracture that incorporates dislocation mechanics and linear elastic fracture mechanics is discussed. The derived relationships predict a brittle to ductile transition in polycrystalline ice under tension with a Hall-Petch type dependence of brittle fracture strength on grain size. A uniaxial tensile testing technique, including specimen preparation and loading system design was developed and employed to verify the model. The tensile strength of ice in purely brittle fracture was found to vary with the square root of the reciprocal of grain size, supporting the relationship that the theory suggests. The inherent strength of the ice lattice and the Hall-Petch slope are evaluated and findings discussed in relation to previous results. Monitoring of acoustic emissions was incorporated in the tests, providing insights into the process of microfracture during ice deformation.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Development of testing technique Test specimens Tensile testing Compression testing Experimental results Tensile tests Compression tests Discussion Conclusions Suggestions for further work Literature cited Appendix A: Additional information on seed grains Appendix B: Thin-sectioning procedure Appendix C: Displacement transducer calibration
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  • 18
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/16
    In: CRREL Report, 83-16
    Description / Table of Contents: The presence of snow on the ground can impose limitations on the mobility of wheeled and tracked vehicles. Snow depth and density are the two most easily measured snow properties that can be related to mobility over snow. Existing models of snowpack accumulation and ablation processes and models of internal snowpack structure were examined to determine if a model of the snowpack can be developed for use in predicting the snow parameters that affect mobility. Simple models, such as temperature index models, do not provide sufficient snowpack details, and the more detailed models require too many measured inputs. Components of the various models were selected from a basis of a snowpack model for predicting snow properties related to mobility over snow. Methods of obtaining the input data from some components are suggested, and areas where more development is needed are described.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion of metric units Introduction Review of existing models Accumulation models Ablation models Using existing models for studying mobility Proposed snowpack model for mobility studies Model components Implementation of the model Developing input data Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 19
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/4
    In: CRREL Report, 83-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements and analysis of seasonal ice growth and decay on Post Pond, New Hampshire, for the period 1973-1982 are presented. Observations included ice thickness measurements, examination of the various ice types contributing to the ice cover, and measurements of meteorological parameters for correlation with and modeling of the ice growth process. The overall nature of ice growth and decay (ice loss) on the Post Pond has been ascertained, the seasonal variability in the timing of freeze-up and ice-out and the duration of the ice cover have been determined, and the relationship of ice growth to freezing-degree-day (deg C) records evaluated on the basis of a Stefan conduction equation modified to deal with ice sheets covered with or free of snow. Ice growth occurs predominantly by the direct freezing of lake water, but snow ice may compose as much as 50% of the ice cover in winters with higher than average snowfall. Freeze-up leading to the establishment of a stable ice cover occurs during the 4-week period from the end of November to the end of December. Maximum seasonal ice thicknesses were from 45 to 67 cm and are generally attained during the first two weeks of March; ice-out, marking the final disappearance of ice from Post Pond, usually occurs by the third week of April. The overall rate of the ice loss is three to four times that of ice growth, and is dominated initially by melting from the top. As much as 50% of the ice may be lost in this way before the onset of any bottom melting. Final dissipation of the ice cover is usually expedited by candling resulting from preferential melting and disintegration of the ice at crystal boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves
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  • 20
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/1
    In: CRREL Report, 83-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Roof snow load case studies gathered throughout the United States over a three-year period are analyzed. The objective of the analysis is to determine a relationship between the snow load on the ground and the corresponding uniform snow load on flat and sloped roofs. The main parameters considered are the thermal characteristics of the roof, the roof slope and the exposure of the structure. Exposure has the strongest effect on the ratio of ground to roof snow loads. Comparisons are made with existing and proposed building codes and standards.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Data base Conversion factor Ground load effects Exposure effects Thermal effects Slope effects Expected value relationship Comparison with existing codes and standards Comparison with relationships proposed in new ANSI standard Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Roof snow load case history reports Appendix B. Roofs in the snow load case study data base Appendix C. Ground and roof snow load data Appendix D. Conversion factors from the 1982 ANSI standard
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  • 21
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/24
    In: CRREL Report, 84-24
    Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the growth characteristics and crystalline textures of urea ice sheets which are now used extensively in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab. (CRREL) test basin for modeling sea ice. The aims of the report are to describe the different kinds of crystalline texture encountered in urea ice sheets and to show that even small variations in texture can drastically influence the mechanical behavior of urea ice sheets. Standard petrographic techniques for studying microstructure in thin sections were used on 24 urea ice sheets. These investigations entailed observations of the crystalline texture of the ice (including details of the subgrain structure), grain size measurements, and studies of the nature and extent of urea entrapment and drainage patterns in the ice. Increased knowledge of the factors controlling the crystalline characteristics of urea ice sheets has progressed to the point where test basin researchers at CRREL are now able to fabricate ice sheets with prescribed structures leading to predictable mechanical properties. Originators supplied keywords include: Sea ice, and Mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-24
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Analytical techniques Procedures for growing urea ice sheets Analysis of the crystalline structure of urea ice Characteristics of urea ice Results and discussion Ice sheet no. 1 Ice sheet no. 2 Ice sheet no. 3 Ice sheet no. 4 Ice sheet no. 5 Ice sheet no. 6 Ice sheet no. 7 Ice sheet no. 8 Ice sheet no. 9 Ice sheet no. 10 Ice sheet no. 11 Ice sheet no. 12 Ice sheet no. 13 Ice sheet no. 14 Ice sheet no. 15 Ice sheet no. 16 Ice sheet no. 17 Ice sheet no. 18 Ice sheet no. 19 Ice sheet no. 20 Ice sheet no. 21 Ice sheet no. 22 Ice sheet no. 23 Ice sheet no. 24 Urea concentrations in test tank solution and ice Discussion and conclusions E/σf ratio Thickness of incubation layer Crystal properties Literature cited Appendix A: Thin sections of urea ice sheets
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  • 22
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/19
    In: CRREL Report, 84-19
    Description / Table of Contents: In this study a method for making long-range forecasts of freeze-up dates in rivers is developed. The method requires the initial water temperature at an upstream station, the long-range air temperature forecast, the predicted mean flow velocity in the river reach, and water temperature response parameters. The water temperature response parameters can be either estimated from the surface heat exchange coefficient and the average flow depth or determined empirically from recorded air and water temperature data. The method is applied to the St. Lawrence River between Kingston, Ontario, and Massena, New York, and is shown to be capable of accurately forecasting freeze-up. Originator-supplied keywords include: Ice formation, and River ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Problem formulation Analytical treatment Application to the upper St. Lawrence River Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Basic program for St. Lawrence River freeze-up forecast
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  • 23
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/17
    In: CRREL Report, 84-17
    Description / Table of Contents: VHF-band radiowave short pulses were transmitted within the permafrost tunnel at Fox, Alaska, over distances between 2.2 and 10.5 m. The propagation medium was a frozen silt containing both disseminated and massive ice with temperatures varying from -7°C near the transmitter to probably -2 C near the center of the tunnel overburden. The short pulses underwent practically no dispersion in the coldest zones but did disperse and refract through the warmer overburden, as suggested by calculations of the effective dielectric constant. Most significantly the measured frequency content decreased as the effective dielectric constant increased. The results indicate that deep, cross-borehole pulse transmissions over distances greater than 10 m might be possible, especially when the ground is no warmer than -4°C. The information thus pined could be used for identifying major subsurface variations, including ground ice features.
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    Pages: ii, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-17
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/7
    In: CRREL Report, 83-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Peak power generation with hydropower creates tailwater flow conditions characterized by high and low flows with abrupt transitions between these states. Flows occurring in tailwaters typically form sharp-fronted, large-amplitude waves of relatively short period. An understanding of the mechanics of downstream propagation of these waves is important both for direct application in studies of the tailwater and because of the similarity of these waves to those following a dam break. An analysis of the dynamic equations of open channel flow is used to quantify the relative importance of flow wave convection, diffusion and dispersion in rivers. The relative importance of each process is re­lated to the relative magnitude of terms in the dynamic equations, providing a physical basis for model formulation. A one-dimensional diffusion wave flow routing model, modified for tailwaters, simulates the important physical pro­cesses affecting the flow and is straightforward to apply. The model is based upon a numerical solution of the kine­matic wave equation. The “modified equation,” Hirt, and von Neumann analyses are used to gain insight into the stability and dissipative and dispersive behavior of the numerical solution, and results of these analyses are compared. A set of linear routings is used to demonstrate the dissipative and dispersive behavior predicted by the analyses and to verify the accuracy of an expression that quantifies the numerical diffusion of the model. The analyses provide a basis for selection of numerical parameters for model applications. The capability and accuracy of the model are enhanced when physical wave diffusion is balanced by numerical diffusion in the model. Maintaining the diffusion balance re­quires that the time derivative weighting parameter 0 be variable and in some instances negative. Though some amount of phase error is introduced, negative 0 values have no adverse effect upon model stability. Field studies were con­ducted to demonstrate the benefits of careful model development and analysis, and to verify the diffusion wave model for rapidly varying tailwater flow. The bed slope and roughness characteristics of the field study reaches (below Apalachia and Norris Dams) differ greatly, spanning those of a large number of rivers of practical interest. The accurate simulation of flow in both of these tailwaters attests to the soundness of both the physical basis of the model and the numerical solution technique. The field studies confirm, for the extreme case of rapidly varying flow in a mildly sloped river, that inertia has a negligible effect upon unsteady flow waves at low Froude numbers. Additionally, these studies verify that diffusion of short-period waves in rivers is generally significant.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Physical diffusion and dispersion in open channel flow Modeling approach Description of the diffusion wave flow routing model Analysis of the numerical model Modified equation and Hirt analyses of diffusion wave model von Neumann analysis of the diffusion wave model Linear case studies Accuracy considerations of the numerical solution Field studies Apalachia Dam tailwater Norris Dam tailwater Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 25
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/19
    In: CRREL Report, 82-19
    Description / Table of Contents: Under proper design and management, a forest ecosystem in the central United States should renovate municipal wastewater as long or longer than conventional agricultural systems, especially when design limitations are hydraulic loading rate, heavy metals, P and N. Forest systems require smaller buffer zones than agricultural systems and lower sprinkler pressures. Immature forests are better wastewater renovators than mature forests.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Forest systems design Pretreatment Distribution systems Public health considerations Buffer zone requirements Toxic effects Public access Hydraulic loading Nutrient uptake and loading Introduction Nitrogen Phosphorus Trace metals Design considerations Hydraulic loading rates Nitrogen loading rates Forest management options Reforestation Existing forest ecosystems Short term rotation plantations Potential long term effects on forest ecosystems Longevity of forest systems Consequences of overloading Soil chemical, physical and hydrologic properties Productivity Summary Literature cited
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  • 26
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/18
    In: CRREL Report, 82-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Snow and ice control on highways has come to rely heavily on the use of sodium chloride to maintain a trafficable surface for unimpeded movement. Empirical approaches have led to a wide range of application rates, some clearly excessive, but justified on the ground of safety and expediency. The combination of environmental degradation from the huge quantities of salt entering the environment, along with the increased cost of salt itself and the cost of its application have spurred the search for more precise knowledge of the proper amount of salt to apply to a pavement, considering a range of environmental, traffic and chemical parameters. Since controlled tests in the field are extremely difficult to make, a circular test track of three test pavements, dense-graded asphaltic concrete (DGA), open-graded asphaltic concrete (DGA) and portland cement concrete (PCC), was constructed in a coldroom. Natural snow and ice were applied to the pavements and an instrumented slipping wheel was driven over the surfaces to generate frictional forces. These forces were measured and then used to evaluate the response to salt application with time for three test temperatures. OGA had the lowest friction values at a temperature near the freezing point, but higher initial values or more rapidly increasing values than DGA and PCC following salt application at the two lower temperatures. Optimum application rate of salt on PCC and DGA lies between 100 and 300 lb/lane mile (LM), and a higher rate resulted in slight or no improvement in friction. DGA showed anomalous results: lower friction for 300 Ib/LM and higher friction for both 100 and 500 Ib/LM.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Background Approach Influencing factors Field factors Laboratory Laboratory trafficking tests Force measurement and coefficient of friction Test tire slip Surface friction gauge Test procedure British portable tester Experimental results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Test pavements Appendix B. Pennsylvania State University field study Appendix C. Rochester Institute of Technology field study
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  • 27
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/17
    In: CRREL Report, 82-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Seismic P and SH wave refraction experiments at the NATO RSG-11 test site in Munster Nord, Federal Republic of Germany, reveal the presence of a nearly horizontal, three-layer velocity structure. The upper layer, composed of un­consolidated glacial till, is 1 m thick and has P (compressional) and SH (shear-horizontal) wave velocities of 240 and 165 m s-1. The second layer, made up of similar, more compacted material, is 9.5 m thick, with a P wave velocity of 470 m s-1 and an SH wave velocity of 275 m s-1. The third layer, interpreted as the groundwater table, is located at a depth of 10.5 m and has a P wave velocity of 1590 m s-1. The SH wave velocity of this layer is controlled by the matrix material and is the same as that of the second layer. A single, unreversed observation indicated a fourth layer at a depth of about 20 m, but the existence of this layer remains unconfirmed. The observed fundamental mode Love wave dispersion is in agreement with the theoretical dispersion predicted by the refraction velocities. Computed partial derivatives of phase velocity with respect to shear wave velocity show, for the frequencies observed, that the dispersion confirms the thicknesses and velocities of the two upper layers and is not affected by the deeper structure.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Refraction experiments Procedure Equipment Results P waves Low velocity zone SH waves Surface wave experiments Summary and discussion Literature cited Appendix A: P wave refraction data Appendix B: SH wave refraction data. Appendix C: Surface wave dispersion calculations
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  • 28
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/15
    In: CRREL Report, 82-15
    Description / Table of Contents: An experiment is described that demonstrates the balance between the ice and the unfrozen water in a frozen soil as water is removed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to monitor the unfrozen water content as the soil is dehydrated by a molecular sieve material. Our results show that the unfrozen water content of a Morin clay soil remains constant until the total water content has been reduced to the point where no ice remains in the system. Once the ice is depleted, the unfrozen water content determined by NMR corresponds to the total water content of the soil determined by the weight of water removed by the molecular sieve material. Thus the validity of utilizing NMR in determining unfrozen water contents vs temperature is established.
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    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-15
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/16
    In: CRREL Report, 82-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model which employs a viscous-plastic constitutive law has been applied to the East Greenland area. The model is run on a 40-km spatial scale at 1/4-day time steps for a 60-day period with forcing data beginning on 1 October 1979. Results tend to verify that the model predicts reasonable thicknesses and velocities within the ice margin. Thermodynamic ice growth produces excessive ice extent, however, probably due to inadequate parameterization of oceanic heat flux. Ice velocities near the free ice edge are also not well simulated, and preliminary investigations attribute this to an improper wind field in this area. A simulation which neglects ice strength, effectively damping ice interaction with itself and allowing no resistance to deformation, produces excessive ice drift toward the coast and results in unrealistic nearshore thicknesses. A dynamics-only simulation produced reasonable results, including a more realistic ice extent, but the need for proper thermodynamics is also apparent. Other simulations verify that ice import from the Arctic Basin, and ice transport due to winds and currents, were also important components in the model studies.
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    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen , 29 cm
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Model description and application Results and discussion Wind and current fields Standard simulation Thermodynamic simulation Zero ice strength Zero ice import Zero currents Modified currents Zero winds Dynamics simulation Summary and concluding remarks Literature cite
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  • 30
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/10
    In: CRREL Report, 82-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Dielectric measurements have been performed on silt and sand samples from permafrost areas using Time Domain Reflectometry. The sample temperatures were varied from +25 °C to -25 °C, and volumetric water content was varied between oven-dry and 0.55 gH2O/cm3. The data were processed for frequencies between 0.1 and 5.0 GHz. The results show a constant K' and a low K' for frequencies up to 1 GHz. A frequency dependence seen on the data above 2 GHz is probably the result of unfrozen, adsorbed water. At moisture levels near saturation at all temperatures, these soils have excellent propagation characteristics for ground-probing radar operating below 0.3 GHz. Massive ice should be easily detectable in permafrost within a few degrees of 0 °C.
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    Pages: 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-10
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/11
    In: CRREL Report, 82-11
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this investigation was to provide data to be used in evaluating the effects of winter navigation on pro­cesses that cause bank erosion. The specific objectives were to document bank conditions and erosion sites along the rivers, to monitor and compare the amounts of winter and summer bank recession and change, and to estimate the amount of recession that occurred prior to winter navigation. Shoreline conditions and bank recession were documented during field surveys each spring and fall. Bank changes were evaluated by comparison to observations from a previous survey. Aerial photointerpretation was done to estimate the amount of bank recession that occurred prior to winter navigation. Three hundred forty-five miles of river shoreline were surveyed. Banks were eroding along 21.5 miles (6.2%). The common types of bank failures were soil falls (sloughing) and block sliding and slumping. The erosion along approxi­mately 15 miles (70%) of the 21.5 miles was occurring along reaches not bordering winter navigation channels.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 75 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous investigations Approach Shoreline conditions Bank changes Bank recession before winter navigation St. Marys River Bank changes Bank recession before winter navigation St. Clair River Bank changes Bank recession before winter navigation Detroit River Bank changes Bank recession before winter navigation St. Lawrence River Bank changes Historical bank recession Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: St. Marys River Appendix B: St. Clair River Appendix C: Detroit River Appendix D: St. Lawrence River
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  • 32
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/7
    In: CRREL Report, 82-7
    In: Charged dislocation in ice, II.
    Description / Table of Contents: The contribution of electrically charged dislocation motion to dielectric relaxation was studied theoretically. Experimentally obtained data on charge density, dislocation density, and segment length and distribution described in Part I of this series were used to calculate dielectric relaxation spectra. The results indicate that the charged dislocation process can produce the observed audio frequency dielectric relaxation as well as the distribution of spectra.
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    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theoretical development of dielectric relaxation due to charged dislocations Numerical calculations for distributed segment length Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Mosotti type catastrophe by charged dislocation processes
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  • 33
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/8
    In: CRREL Report, 82-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A detailed analysis of methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of soils is presented, and trends in the predic­tions of these methods are compared. The influence of changes in the moisture content on the calculated thermal con­ductivity of a soil (at constant dry density) is shown, as is the sensitivity of this calculated value to changes in dry den­sity or in the soil solids’ thermal conductivity. The methods are evaluated to determine the extent of agreement of their predictions with measured values obtained on soils of known composition and properties. The deviations of the predicted values are determined for soils that are unfrozen or frozen, coarse or fine, unsaturated, saturated or dry. The applicability of each of the methods under various conditions is determined and recommendations are made as to the best method for each condition.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 90 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analysis of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Introduction Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity Influence of dry density on thermal conductivity Influence of soil solids’ thermal conductivity Comparison of the various methods Evaluation of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Soils data used for evaluation Computer program Applicability of the methods Discussion and conclusions Applicability to unfrozen soils Applicability to frozen soils Applicability to saturated soils Effect of soil mineral composition Applicability to dry soils Summary of applicability of methods Literature cited Appendix A: Properties of some test soils Appendix B: Comparison of thermal conductivity values computed by the various methods and of their deviations from the values measured
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  • 34
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/9
    In: CRREL Report, 82-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This study deals with the distribution of forces along the converging boundaries of the Port Huron, Michigan, region where unconsolidated ice in Lake Huron is held against wind and water stresses. An experimental basin was built to induce uniform shear stress on the model ice cover by flowing water beneath the ice. The boundary segments, which held the ice cover in the region, were instrumented to measure force in the normal and tangential directions. The distribution of normal forces along the boundary was compared with as distribution derived by using a theoretical model. An ice control structure (ICS) was installed in the basin and experiments were conducted to measure the forces on the ICS and the ice release through the opening in the ICS during simulated ship passages. The experimental results are presented in a nondimensional form. In addition, the force per unit length on the ICS and the area of ice released through its opening were estimated for the expected wind conditions at the Port Huron site.
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    Pages: v, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Theoretical models Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Experimental program Experimental facility Scaling factors Experimental results Analysis of wind data for lower Lake Huron Summary and conclusions Release of ice through the opening of an ICS Ice forces on the ice control structure Ice forces on ice control structure from a large unconsolidated ice cover Literature cited Appendix A. Equation for the stress resultants and velocities of the ice cover Appendix B. Monthly summary of wind data at Port Huron
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  • 35
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/20
    In: CRREL Report, 80-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of impulse radar studies of sea ice give support to the concept of a sea ice model in which the ice bottom is composed of an array of lossy parallel plate waveguides. The fundametal relation between the average bulk brine volume of sea ice and its electrical and strength properties is discussed as is the remote detection of under-ice current alignment. It was found that 1) the average effective bulk dielectric constant is dependent upon the average bulk brine volume of the sea ice; 2) sea ice anisotropy, arising from a bottom structure of crystal platelets with a preferred c-axis horizontal alignment, can be detected by radio echo sounding measurements made not only on the ice surface but also from an airborne platform; 3) the effective coefficient of reflection from the seaiIce bottom decreases with increasing average effective bulk dielectric constant of the ice, decreases with increasing bulk brine volume, and is typically one to two orders of magnitude lower dhan the coefficient of reflection from the ice surface; and 4) the losses In sea ice increase with increasing average bulk brine volume.
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    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures
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  • 36
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/18
    In: CRREL Report, 80-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of ice as a structural material is common practice for certain applications in cold regions. Techniques such as surface flooding or water spraying are used to accelerate ice growth rates, thereby lengthening the winter construction season. This report examines the heat and mass transfer rates from freely falling water drops in cold air. Design equations which predict the amount of supercooling of the drops as a function of outdoor ambient temperature, drop size and distance of fall are given
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    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity
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  • 37
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/19
    In: CRREL Report, 80-19
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period 1975-1978 the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a series of environmental engineering in­vestigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road. In 1976 the Department of Energy joined these in­vestigations with a series of ecological projects which continue to the present. Both agencies research efforts were con­ducted on a cooperative basis with CRREL’s in-house research program. The objectives of the research focused on 1) an evaluation of the performance of the road, 2) an assessment of changes in the environment associated with the road, 3) documentation of flora and vegetation along the 577-km-long transect, 4) methodologies for revegetation and restoration, and 5) an assessment of biological parameters as indicators of environmental integrity. In support of these objectives, specific studies were undertaken that investigated the climate along the road, thaw and subsidence beneath and adjacent to the road, drainage and side slope performance, distribution and properties of road dust, vegetation distribution, vegetation disturbance and recovery, occurrence of weeds and weedy species, erosion and its control, revegetation and restoration, and construction of the fuel gas line. This report presents background, information on the region, detailed results of the road thaw subsidence and dust investigations, and summaries of revegetation, fuel gas line, vegetation distribution, soil, and weed studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xv, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series
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  • 38
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/16
    In: CRREL Report, 80-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoccidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera, Bicosta spinifera, Bicosta antennigera, Callicantha simplex, Calliacantha multispina aff., Crinolina aperta, Diaphanoeca multionnulata, and Parvicorbicula socialis, were observed in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer, 1977. D. multiannulata was described for the first time from these samples; the other organisms have either been described previously or are being described at this time. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. The distributional, environmental, and morphological range of A. spiculifera, B. spinifera, C. aperta, and P. socialis was expanded. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edges of ice floes, ponds on ice floes, and the interiors of ice floes. The presence of choanoflagellates within the ice indicates that there may be a closely coupled trophic relationship with the other two biological components of the ice community, the ice algae and the bacteria. The presence in the ice of seven species with both a caudal appendage and anterior projections suggests a positive relationship between this lorica configuration and the ice habitat. Mechanisms of variance of transverse costal diameters between genera may be useful to the taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea
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  • 39
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/17
    In: CRREL Report, 80-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Construction pads made of snow were used to build two sections of the Trans Alaska Pipeline and a small gas pipeline during the winter of 1975-76. Construction during the winter has become increasingly common in the Arctic. Surface travel and the use of heavy construction equipment on the unprotected tundra have been severely restricted, even during the winter, so the use of temporary winter roads and construction pads built of snow and ice has been advocated and is being adopted. The three snow construction pads mentioned above were the first snow roads and construction pads used on a large scale in Alaska. Snow roads and construction pads have two objectives: to protect the underlying vegetation and upper layers of the ground, and to provide a hard, smooth surface for travel and the operation of equipment. Several types have been built, and a brief discussion is given of their history and classification systems. The three snow construction pads used in construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the small gas pipeline in 1975-76 were visited and observed while in use. The Globe Creek snow pad, about 50 miles north of Fairbanks, was built primarily of manufactured snow hauled to the site and watered. With very high densities this pad withstood heavy traffic and use by heavy construction equipment except on one steep slope. There, the use of tracked vehicles and vehicles without front wheel drive disaggregated the snow on and near the surface so that vehicles without front wheel drive were unable to climb the hill. The Toolik snow pad, just north of the Brooks Range, was built of compacted snow and proved capable of supporting the heaviest traffic and construction equipment. The fuel gasline snow pad ran from the northern Brooks Range to the Arctic Coast and also proved capable of supporting the necessary traffic. Both the Toolik snow pad and the fuel gasline snow pad failed in very early May because of unseasonably warm and clear weather before the associated construction projects were completed. However, the three snow pads must be considered successful. Common problems were the lack of snow, slopes, unseasonably warm spring weather, and inexperience on the part of contractors and construction personnel.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 40
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/15
    In: CRREL Report, 80-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report discusses the time constraints on measuring the thermal resistance (R-value) of building components. Temperature changes on either side of a building component perturb measurement accuracy. Long measurement times and measurement times corresponding to a consistent diurnal cycle can be satisfactory; however, individual temperature changes cause significant error for shorter measurement periods. This report shows how to scale the thermal properties of individual constituent materials in a building element to determine its characteristic thermal time constant. The report then demonstrates the size of measurement error resulting from a variety of changes in temperature with representative walls of different time constants.
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    Pages: iii, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Field measurement and analysis of transient heat flow A closer look at handling the constraints Random change Step change Ramp change Application of theory Literature cited Appendix A. Percentage error from a step input Appendix B. Time constraints of sample walls Appendix C. Percentage error from a ramp input Appendix D. Percentage error from a sinusoidal input Appendix E. Percentage error programs for a Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator Appendix F. Experimental determination of time constants Appendix G. Derivation of time constant formula for multiple layers
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  • 41
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/13
    In: CRREL Report, 80-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Specimens prepared from various types of ice without introducing excessive defects were tested at temperatures ranging from -2° to -190°C. These tests indicated slightly higher Charpy values at lower temperatures and in more highly dispersed material concentrations. Three modes of fracture occurred during testing. Depending on the temperature and the material composition, either of the first two modes, normal fracture or multiple fracture, will appear and will show a normal frequency distribution of Charpy values in each type of ice. The third mode, fracture from both ends,which frequently occurred in the NH4F doped ice, gave Charpy values two to five times higher than the mean value for normal fracture. It can, therefore, be concluded that certain types of doping can alter the mode of fracture, through which drastic modifications of impact resistance my be possible.
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    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-13
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited
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  • 42
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/23
    In: CRREL Report, 80-23
    Description / Table of Contents: The contribution of brine layers to observed reflective anisotropy of sea ice at 100 MHz is quantitatively assessed. The sea ice is considered to be a stratified, inhomogeneous, anisotropic dielectric consisting of pure ice containing ordered arrays of conducting inclusions (brine layers). Below the transition zone, the ice is assumed to have constant azimuthal c-axis orientation within the horizontal plane, so that the orientation of brine layers is uniform. The brine layers are also assumed to become increasingly well-defined with depth, since adjacent brine inclusions tend to fuse together with increasing temperature. A theoretical explanation for observed reflective anisotropy is proposed in terms of an isotropic electric flux penetration into the brine layers. Penetration anisotropy and brine layer geometry are linked to anisotropy in the complex dielectric constant of sea ice. In order to illustrate the above effects we present a numerical method of approximating the reflected power of a plane wave pulse incident on a slab of sea ice. Mixture dielectric constants are calculated for two polarizations of the incident wave: 1) the electric field parallel to the c-axis direction, and 2) the electric field perpendicular to the c-axis direction. These dielectric constants are then used to calculate power reflection coefficients for the two polarizations. Significant bottom reflection (R ~ 0.08) occurs when the polariza-tion is parallel to the c-axis. However, when the polarization is perpendicular to the c-axis, the return may be almost completely extinguished (R 〈 0.001). This extinction is due primarily to absorptive loss associated with the conduct-ing inclusions and secondarily to an impedance match at the ice/water interface that results in transmission of the wave to the water without reflection.
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    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Anisotropy and sea ice macrostructure Anisotropy and sea ice microstructure A theory of anisotropic radar return from sea ice Anisotropic electric flux penetration into brine layers Implications of normal exclusion, tangential penetration, and brine layer geometry for dielectric behavior of sea ice Modeling of electromagnetic reflection from a stratified, anisotropic, inhomogeneous lossy medium Calculation of mixture complex dielectric constants Calculation of interfacial power reflection coefficients Calculation of bulk power reflection coefficients Calculation of attenuated power reflection coefficients Beam spread Results Anisotropic bottom reflections Anisotropic complex dielectric constants Sensitivity of parameters Internal reflection: the bumps Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 43
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/6
    In: CRREL Report, 80-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Weekly measurements of the thickness of lake, river and fast sea ice made over a period of 10 to 15 years at 66 locations in Canada and Alaska are analyzed, and the portion of the data relating to maximum ice thickness and decay (i.e. the decrease in ice thickness) is examined. Ice thickness curves revealed individual patterns of ice decay, and comparisons between locations disclosed major contrasts in the amount of ice accretion and the times of maximum ice and ice clearance. Although many factors affect the ice decay process, this study investigates in detail the effect of thawing temperatures. Concurrent measurements of the air temperature at each location made it possible to analyze the relationship between accumulated thawing degree-days (ATDD) and ice cover decay. Other factors affecting ice ablation and breakup, such as snow-ice formation, snow cover depth, solar radiation and wind are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 160 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources and literature review Canada Alaska Data tabulation Station selection Description of tabulated data Station location and ice measurement site descriptions Review of previous studies on maximum ice in North America Maximum ice thickness maps Date of maximum ice Plotting of the ice decay curves General procedures Categories of water bodies Ice decay at sea ice locations Envelope curves Average curves Snow-ice formation Ice decay at lake ice locations Average curves Regional variations and similarities Ice decay at river ice locations Variations in ice thickness Rapid ice clearance Comparison between Alaskan and Canadian river ice decay curves Incremental extraction of ice decay data for analysis purposes Selection of ice decay intervals Preliminary evaluation of the methodology Further considerations of the methodology Relationships between ice decay and thawing air temperatures Average daily vs maximum daily air temperature 10-day increments vs accumulated values Total years vs year-to-year analysis Evaluation of use of 0°C as a base Final format of the relationship between ice decay and ATDD Evaluation of the final form Possible causes for variations in slope values Decreasing sea ice thickness and thawing air temperatures Factors affecting sea ice decay Relationship between ATDD and sea ice decay Influence of solar radiation and wind on sea ice decay Literature cited Selected bibliography Appendix A. Ice thickness measurements and other related (or associated) observations for stations in Canada and Alaska Appendix B. Maps of least and greatest ice thickness observed at the time of maximum growth, and average date of occurrence Appendix C. Annual ice decay curves for stations in Canada and Alaska
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  • 44
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/31
    In: CRREL Report, 80-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice accretion on structures built on the earth’s surface is discussed. Sources of water are the atmosphere or water bodies near or surrounding the structure. Ice types include frost, rime, glaze, and spray; properties and conditions governing their formation are presented. Methods of estimating accretion rates and total accretion on structures are given, and extracts from U.S. and Canadian codes for ice and wind loads on structures are included. Techniques for preventing or removing ice accretion are presented.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface 1. Types of ice accretion a. Frost b. Rime c. Glaze d. Spray ice 2. Conditions governing type of accreted ice a. Meteorological b. Structural 3. Accretion rates a. Fundamentals b. Effect of height c. Geographical distribution 4. Spray icing 5. Structural design factors a. Dead loads b. Wind field in the boundary layer c. Windloads 6. Techniques for minimizing structural icing 7. Data collection needs 8. Literature cited
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  • 45
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/16
    In: CRREL Report, 81-16
    Description / Table of Contents: An air-transportable shelter designed and built at CRREL for use in cold regions underwent testing in Hanover, New Hampshire, and Ft. Greely, Alaska. The shelter demonstrated some of its capabilities for mobility by being towed for more than 60 miles behind various vehicles and by being transported on a C-130 cargo airplane, a CH-47 helicopter, and a trailer truck. The shelter proved to be very easy for a crew of two to four to set up in all weather conditions including -40 F cold. However, the gasoline-powered generator, which was a source for space heat as well as electricity, functioned very poorly. Overall, the prototype successfully demonstrated qualities of self-reliance, ease of operation and thermal efficiency.
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    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion factors Summary Introduction Description of shelter Test procedures and results Mobility Ease of erecting and striking Therinal efficiency and performance Heat output Electrical system Habitation Safety features Water system Shelter reliability Structure Performance of other shelters Conclusions Future studies Literature cited
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  • 46
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/15
    In: CRREL Report, 81-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report analyzes the results of a field study previously reported by Scrivner et al. (1969) for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. These authors studied the seasonal pavement deflection characteristics of 24 test sites on roads in service in regions with freezing indexes ranging from 100 F-days to 2100 F-days. They used the Dynaflect cyclic pavement loading device to determine the pavement system response. Of specific interest to my analysis was the increased pavement deflection after freezing and thawing and the time to recovery of normal deflection characteristics. These characteristics were related to soil and climatic factors using statistical techniques. The most significant observations of this statistical analysis are: (1) that the freezing index is not a significant parameter in determining the percent increase in pavement deflection during thawing, and (2) that the recovery time is inversely proportional to the depth of freezing. As was expected, the most significant variable affecting the increase in pavement deflection was the frost susceptibility classification. This observation reinforces the necessity for careful selection of soil materials used in pavement systems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 10 Seiten , Ilustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of test site Test results Method of analysis Results of analysis Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A Recovery time after onset of thawing, t20 Discussion of results Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A. Recovery time after thawing, t20 Conclusions Literature cited ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Pavement deflection and frost penetration vs time Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus F Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus W Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus I Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus N Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus D Data points and regression line for t20 versus A Permeability vs void ratio for the Toledo Penn 7 material TABLES Properties of test sections Test results from Scrivner et al Results of regression analysis
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  • 47
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/17
    In: CRREL Report, 81-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental conditions are described for the continental shelf of the western Arctic, and for the shelf of Labrador and Newfoundland. Special emphasis is given to the gouging of bottom sediments by ice pressure ridges and icebergs, and an approach to systematic risk analysis is outlined. Protection os subsea pipelines and cables by trenching and direct embedment is discussed, touching on burial depth, degree of protection, and environmental impact. Conventional land techniques can be adapted for trenching across the beach and through the shallows, but in deeper water special equipment is required. The devices discussed include hydraulic dredges, submarine dredges, plows, rippers, water jets, disc saws and wheel ditchers, ladder trenchers and chain saws, routers and slot millers, ladder dredges, vibratory and percussive machines, and blasting systems. Consideration is given to the relative merits of working with seabed vehicles, or alternatively with direct surface support from vessels or from the sea ice
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The western Arctic of North America The continental shelf of Newfoundland and Labrador Burial depth for pipes and cables Degree of protection offered by burial Environmental impact Trenching the beach and the shallows in the western Arctic Trenching beyond the shallows Suction, or hydraulic, dredging Bottom-t raveling cutterhead dredges Plows Rippers Water jets Subsea disc saws and wheel ditchers Subsea ladder trenchers and chain saws Subsea routers and slot millers Bucket ladder trenchers Vibratory and percussive devices Hard rock excavation under water Control and monitoring of subsea machines Vessels and vehicles Trenching from the sea ice Costs of subsea trenching Reference Appendix: Description of waters off Alaska and Newfoundland
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  • 48
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/3
    In: CRREL Report, 81- 3
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A 1:24 scale hydraulic model study of water intake under frazil ice conditions is presented. The intake, located 9 m below the surface of the St. Lawrence River in Massena, New York,has a through flow of 0.14 m^3/s. The model study, conducted in the refrigerated flume facility of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, investigated methods of minimizing the frazil ice blockage on the intake. Two protective structures were modeled and the relative benefits of each are presented. The additional cross-sectional area provided by the protective structures lowered the vertical velocity component of the intake water to 0.0027 m/s. At this velocity the buoyant force acting on the frazil ice particle is larger than the downward drag force, causing the particle to rise. The results demonstrate that under certain low flow conditions a protective structure can minimize frazil ice blockage problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-03
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/1
    In: CRREL Report, 81-01
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The formation of ice jams and their meteorological indicators were studied in detail for the winters of 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977-78 on the Ottauquechee River at and east of Woodstock, Vermont. Meteorological data are presented for nearby National Weather Service Co-Operative Stations as well as for CRREL sites on the Ottauquechee River. The severity of each winter is discussed, as are the effects of a heavy rainfall on a high water equivalent snow cover. The resultant runoff and subsequent ice jamming that occurs is discussed. Continuous monitoring of water temperature before, during and immediately after an ice cover formed on the river during the winter of 1977-78 is included. The report includes a section on warm sewer outfall effects on the ice at and below a municipal treatment plant. Retrieved data will assist in future modeling studies to help predict ice formation, growth, decay and jamming of river ice covers.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-01
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Meteorological data retrieval and measurements Meteorological effects on river ice cover Winter 1975-76 Winter 1976-77 Winter 1977-78 Analysis of ice formation and decay Mechanism of ice formation Ice growth and decay on the Ottauquechee River, 1975-76, 1976-77, 1977-78 Influence of warm sewage effluent on river water temperatures and ice conditions Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Climatological observations Appendix B: Ice conditions, field remarks and pertinent photography
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  • 50
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/2
    In: CRREL Report, 81-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Many hyperbolic reflections have been observed on marine seismic records obtained during oil exploration in the Beaufort Sea, and on USGS seismic sub-bottom profiles from the Prudhoe Bay vicinity. A hyperbolic projection system was designed to rapidly measure seismic velocities from the curves on the records. The velocities observed were approximately the velocity of sound in water. The hyperbolic signals also showed dispersion properties similar to acoustic normal modes in shallow water. These observations indicate that the signals responsible for the hyperbolic reflections propagate as normal modes within the water layer, with very limited penetration of the seabed. Determinations of the dominant frequency of these signals indicate that the penetration into the seabed has a characteristic attenuation depth (skin depth) of about 1.5 m for the sub-bottom profiles and 12 m for the marine records. It therefore appears that some hyperbolic reflections may be generated by variations in materials that occur near the seabed. There is some evidence of linearity of the anomalies, possibly related to sediment-filled or open ice gouges, or other changes in material properties at shallow depths.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods of analysis Marine seismic records Seismic sub-bottom profiles Results and discussion Distribution of hyperbolic reflections Hyperbolas on oil exploration records Hyperbolas on sub-bottom profiles Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Hyperbola projector
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  • 51
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/4
    In: CRREL Report, 81-04
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Eight sites along the trans-Alaska pipeline from the Denali Fault to Fairbanks were selected for pipeline and pipeline support movement studies. Four measurement surveys were conducted, starting before oil pumping operations began up to September 1978, to determine the lateral and longitudinal pipe movement due to the thermal expansion of elevated sections of the pipeline, the tilt of the vertical support members (VSM's), and the changes in relative elevation of the support crossbeams. A maximum lateral and longitudinal motion of the pipe of 13 3/8 in. and 2 13/16 in. respectively were measured up to September 1978. Tilt data for 180 VSM's showed little change over a one-year period, with only S VSM's tilting more than 0.5 °. Relative elevation measurements showed insignificant changes for two sites compared over a one-year period. Comparisons of our data with as-built elevations at 8 sites show a few large differences that cannot be readily explained. In general the pipeline and its supports, at least at the sites studied, show minimal movement and activity.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81- 4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Measurement technique Pipeline movement Vertical support member tilt Relative elevations of pipe support crossbeams Results and discussion Pipeline movement Vertical support member tilt Relative elevations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Lateral, longitudinal and horizontal pipe movement Appendix Β. Tabulation of movement measurements
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  • 52
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/5
    In: CRREL Report, 81-5
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test setup Test results The USCGC Mackinaw The Roger Slough The Cason J. Callaway The imperial St. Clair Vibration levels Discussion Frequency content Magnitude Mode of transmission Opening the channel Flexural waves Duration and occurrence of maximum vibrations Effect of weather Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 53
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/6
    In: CRREL Report, 81-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A procedure is described for monitoring the microfracturing activity in ice plates subjected to constant loads. Sample time records of freshwater ice plate deflections as well as corresponding total acoustic emission activities are presented. The linear elastic, as well as viscoelastic, response for a simply supported rectangular ice plate is given. Suggested future work using the above procedure is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Notation Introduction Experimental procedure and considerations Growth of the ice plate Support of the ice plate Acoustic emission monitoring system Displacement transducers and data recording Mechanical loading System Analysis Experimental results Thin section analysis Summary and discussion Literature cited Appendix A : Ice plate linear elastic response Appendix B: Acoustic emission system sensitivity Appendix C: Ice plate linear viscoelastic response Appendix D: Equipment list
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  • 54
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-81/9
    In: CRREL Report, 81-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The calculation of the largest horizontal force a relatively thin floating ice plate may exert on a structure requires the knowledge of the buckling load for this floating plate. In the published literature on the stability of continuously supported beams and plates, it is usually assumed that this buckling force corresponds to the lowest bifurcation force Pcr. However, recent studies indicate that, generally, this is not the case, and this report clarifies the situation for floating ice plates. This problem is first studied on a simple model that exhibits the buckling mechanism of a floating ice plate but is amenable to an exact nonlinear analysis. This study shows that, depending on the ratio of the rigidities of the "liquid" and "plate," the post-buckling branch may rise or drop away from the bifurcation point. Thus, Pcr may or may not be the actual buckling load. It is also shown that when lift-off of "plate" from the "liquid" takes place the actual buckling load may drop substantially. This study is followed by an analysis of a floating compressed semi-infinite plate with a straight free edge, assuming that there is no lift-off. It is found that for this case there always exists a buckling load that is lower than Pcr. According to the obtained results, the value Pcr should be used with caution as a buckling load for floating ice plates. It is suggested that the buckling load be determined using the postbuckling equilibrium branch of the plate, taking into consideration the possibility of lift-off of the ice cover from the liquid base.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-9
    Language: English
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  • 55
    Call number: AWI G9-96-0315
    In: Geological Society special publication, No. 108
    Description / Table of Contents: The Weddell Sea, part of the circumpolar Southern Ocean, is probably the most remote, least known and least accessible sea in the world. Difficult ice conditions have limited the acquisition of ship data, although this has been partly offset in recent years by access to satellite radar altimetry data. The Weddell Sea was originally defined by the Admiralty Hydrographic Department in 1932 and redefined by the Antarctic Place Names Committee in 1976 (Hattersley-Smith 1991). It is bounded on the western side by the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the southern side by the Ronne and Filchner ice fronts, and on the southeastern side by the Dronning Maud Land and Coats Land coasts of East Antarctica (Fig. 1). The South Scotia Ridge separates the Weddell Sea from the Scotia Sea to the north and a line joining Southern Thule in the South Sandwich Islands and Kapp Norvegia in Dronning Maud Land, separates it from the South Atlantic Ocean to the NE. Within this volume, papers relate to the Weddell Sea as defined above, together with part of the adjoining South Atlantic Ocean up to 50°E, and to the geology of the once neighbouring continents of Gondwana. The term Weddell Sea embayment is also used informally throughout this volume to include the embayment area to the south of the Weddell Sea now covered by the Ronne and Filchner ice shelves, including Berkner Island, and the continental shelf north of the Ronne and Filchner ice fronts (Figs 1 & 2).
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 284 Seiten , Illustrationen , 25,5 cm
    Edition: First published
    ISBN: 1897799594 , 1-897799-59-4
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 108
    Language: English
    Note: Contents E. C. King, R. A. Livermore, and B. C. Storey: Weddell Sea tectonics and Gondwana break-up: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.01 --- Michael L. Curtis and Bryan C. Storey: A review of geological constraints on the pre-break-up position of the Ellsworth Mountains within Gondwana: implications for Weddell Sea evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:11-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.02 --- Vic Divenere, Dennis V. Kent, and Ian W. D. Dalziel: Summary of palaeomagnetic results from West Antarctica: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Pacific margin of Gondwana during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:31-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.03 --- T. S. Brewer, D. Rex, P. G. Guise, and C. J. Hawkesworth: Geochronology of Mesozoic tholeiitic magmatism in Antarctica: implications for the development of the failed Weddell Sea rift system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.04 --- G. H. Grantham: Aspects of Jurassic magmatism and faulting in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: implications for Gondwana break-up / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:63-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.05 --- W. Reimer, H. Miller, and H. Mehl: Mesozoic and Cenozoic palaeo-stress fields of the South Patagonian Massif deduced from structural and remote sensing data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:73-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.06 --- Bryan C. Storey, Alan P. M. Vaughan, and Ian L. Millar: Geodynamic evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula during Mesozoic times and its bearing on Weddell Sea history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:87-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.07 --- P. C. Richards, R. W. Gatliff, M. F. Quinn, N. G. T. Fannin, and J. P. Williamson: The geological evolution of the Falkland Islands continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:105-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.08 --- W. Jokat, C. Hübscher, U. Meyer, L. Oszko, T. Schöne, W. Versteeg, and H. Miller: The continental margin off East Antarctica between 10°W and 30°W / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:129-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.09 --- R. J. Hunter, A. C. Johnson, and N. D. Aleshkova: Aeromagnetic data from the southern Weddell Sea embayment and adjacent areas: synthesis and interpretation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:143-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.10 --- David C. McAdoo and Seymour W. Laxon: Marine gravity from Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry in the Weddell Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:155-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.11 --- W. Jokat, H. Miller, and C. Hübscher: Crustal structure of the Antarctic continental margin in the eastern Weddell Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:165-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.12 --- G. L. Leitchenkov, H. Miller, and E. N. Zatzepin: Structure and Mesozoic evolution of the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: history of early Gondwana break-up / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:175-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.13 --- Joachim Jacobs, Norbert Kaul, and Klaus Weber: The history of denudation and resedimentation at the continental margin of western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, during break-up of Gondwana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:191-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.14 --- W. Jokat, H. Miller, and C. Hübscher: Structure and origin of southern Weddell Sea crust: results and implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:201-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.15 --- E. C. King and A. C. Bell: New seismic data from the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:213-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.16 --- R. A. Livermore and R. J. Hunter: Mesozoic seafloor spreading in the southern Weddell Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:227-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.17 --- H. A. Roeser, J. Fritsch, and K. Hinz: The development of the crust off Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:243-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.18 --- Yoshifumi Nogi, Nobukazu Seama, Nobuhiro Isezaki, and Yoichi Fukuda: Magnetic anomaly lineations and fracture zones deduced from vector magnetic anomalies in the West Enderby Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 108:265-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.108.01.19
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  • 56
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 96.0036
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: It is generally believed that Britain last became separated from mainland Europe about 8500 years ago, although earlier stages of the Quaternary are also considered in this book. The evidence for insularity, or otherwise, of both Britain and Ireland is based on a wide range of data, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of Quaternary research. This volume provides up-to-date reviews of this evidence: physical or geological, and palaeontological data, as well as marine and non-marine organisms, are examined. Also evaluated are the possible biological repercussions of insularity: the fauna and flora of Britain and Ireland are certainly impoverished when compared with neighbouring mainland European countries - see, for example, the spectacular ecological and evolutionary consequences on the red deer populations of Jersey.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 274 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799403
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 96
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Note: R. C. Preece: Introduction - Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.01 --- Brian M. Funnell: Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.02 --- P. L. Gibbard: The formation of the Strait of Dover / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:15-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.03 --- D. R. Bridgland and B. D’Olier: The Pleistocene evolution of the Thames and Rhine drainage systems in the southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.04 --- Andrew G. Bellamy: Extension of the British landmass: evidence from shelf sediment bodies in the English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.05 --- D. H. Keen: Raised beaches and sea-levels in the English Channel in the Middle and Late Pleistocene: problems of interpretation and implications for the isolation of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.06 --- J. D. Scourse and R. M. Austin: Palaeotidal modelling of continental shelves: marine implications of a land-bridge in the Strait of Dover during the Holocene and Middle Pleistocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:75-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.07 --- T. Meijer and R. C. Preece: Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:89-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.08 --- A. J. Stuart: Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:111-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.09 --- Antony J. Sutcliffe: Insularity of the British Isles 250 000–30 000 years ago: the mammalian, including human, evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.10 --- Alan Turner: Evidence for Pleistocene contact between the British Isles and the European Continent based on distributions of larger carnivores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:141-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.11 --- Adrian M. Lister: Sea-levels and the evolution of island endemics: the dwarf red deer of Jersey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:151-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.12 --- K. D. Bennett: Insularity and the Quaternary tree and shrub flora of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:173-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.13 --- Robert J. N. Devoy: Deglaciation, Earth crustal behaviour and sea-level changes in the determination of insularity: a perspective from Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:181-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.14 --- Robin T. R. Wingfield: A model of sea-levels in the Irish and Celtic seas during the end-Pleistocene to Holocene transition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:209-242, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.15 --- P. Coxon and S. Waldren: The floristic record of Ireland’s Pleistocene temperate stages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:243-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.16
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  • 57
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 96.0067 ; 9/M 96.0325
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The role and importance of structural geology in exploration and production of hydrocarbons is increasing with the tendency towards the development of smaller, more complex structural prospects and satellite fields. The availability of high-powered computer hardware and sophisticated software has facilitated a quantum leap in the accessibility of structural restoration, modelling and visualization techniques and made the rapid and accurate manipulation of large data sets possible. Many papers in this volume fully reflect use of this latest technology and demonstrate a broad range of capabilities. The book provides anyone wishing to undertake structural interpretation in complex areas with a comprehensive review of the latest techniques available. ... I certainly learned a great deal reading through it. Structural geologists working in or with industry will want a copy for their bookshelves. Basin Research, 9, 88-89. The volume is an excellent mixture of review and research papers that underscore the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to improve interpretations of complex structures. There is a good trade off between academic research and industrial applications, and I recommend this book as a library reference. AAPG Bulletin November 1997. ... I am certain that this Special Publication will be regarded as a valuable source of techniques for structural interpretation and validation of fault geometries. I can certainly recommend this volume as an essential, and indeed, a worthwhile purchase, for academic and industry structural geologists alike. Geological Magazine.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 369 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799438
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 99
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Note: D. A. Nieuwland and P. G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.01 --- Seismic Interpretation --- T. R. Horscroft and J. E. Bain: Validation of seismic data processing and interpretation with integration of gravity and magnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:5-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.02 --- G. Pickering, J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson: Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.03 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. Childs, and A. Nicol: Ductile strain effects in the analysis of seismic interpretations of normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.04 --- Palinspastic Reconstruction and Forward Modelling --- James G. Buchanan: The application of cross-section construction and validation within exploration and production: a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.05 --- Mike P. Coward: Balancing sections through inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:51-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.06 --- Richard H. Groshong, Jr: Construction and validation of extensional cross sections using lost area and strain, with application to the Rhine Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:79-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.07 --- T. A. Hauge and G. G. Gray: A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.08 --- Kevin C. Hill and Gareth T. Cooper: A strategy for palinspastic restoration of inverted basins: thermal and structural analyses in SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:99-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.09 --- C. K. Morley: Discussion of potential errors in fault heave methods for extension estimates in rifts, with particular reference to fractal fault populations and inherited fabrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.10 --- A. G. Skuce: Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.11 --- Mark G. Rowan: Benefits and limitations of section restoration in areas of extensional salt tectonics: an example from offshore Louisiana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:147-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.12 --- Fault Populations and Geometric Analyses --- Joseph A. Cartwright, Chris Mansfield, and Bruce Trudgill: The growth of normal faults by segment linkage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:163-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.13 --- Hugh G. Kerr and Nicky White: Kinematic modelling of normal fault geometries using inverse theory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:179-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.14 --- D. T. Needham, G. Yielding, and B. Freeman: Analysis of fault geometry and displacement patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:189-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.15 --- Analogue Modelling --- K. R. McClay: Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:201-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.16 --- Mark Verschuren, Dick Nieuwland, and Jim Gast: Multiple detachment levels in thrust tectonics: Sandbox experiments and palinspastic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:227-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.17 --- Mathematical Modelling --- J. D. Barnichon and R. Charlier: Finite element modelling of the competition between shear bands in the early stages of thrusting: Strain localization analysis and constitutive law influence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:235-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.18 --- F. Beekman, J. M. Bull, S. Cloetingh, and R. A. Scrutton: Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:251-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.19 --- Stuart Hardy, Josep Poblet, Ken McClay, and Dave Waltham: Mathematical modelling of growth strata associated with fault-related fold structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:265-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20 --- M. Ter Voorde and S. Cloetingh: Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21 --- J. D. Van Wees, S. Cloetingh, and G. de Vicente: The role of pre-existing faults in basin evolution: constraints from 2D finite element and 3D flexure models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:297-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.22 --- Regional Analyses and Remote Sensing --- M. W. Insley, F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley: The use of satellite imagery in the validation and verification of structural interpretations for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan and Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:321-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.23 --- Jonathan P. Turner: Gravity-driven nappes and their relation to palaeobathymetry: examples from West Africa and Cardigan Bay, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.24
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  • 58
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 96.0040
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Salt produces some of the most complex and beautiful deformation features on the Earth's surface, although few of these surface exposures have been examined in detail, as they are usually situated in remote hostile regions. However, salt diapirs have become a recent focus of attention because of their strategic importance in controlling hydrocarbon reserves, while their unique physical properties enable storage of hydrocarbons and toxic waste. The volume commences with analyses of outcrop, cave, mine and borehole information which add to our general understanding of internal diapir deformation patterns and overburden tectonics. Seismic imaging has also increased our knowledge of halokinesis, and several papers are presented on regional case studies. Numerical and physical modelling have provided a broader knowledge of geometry and processes. Such studies have led to new insights into what is physically possible. This volume draws on all these different approaches and should be a useful source of reference for both academic and industrial geologists.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 310 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799446
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 100
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Language: English
    Note: Ian Davison, Ian Alsop, and Derek Blundell: Salt tectonics: some aspects of deformation mechanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.01 --- Outcrop, Mine and Borehole Studies --- Stanisław Burliga: Kinematics within the Kłodawa salt diapir, central Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.02 --- Ian Davison, Dan Bosence, G. Ian Alsop, and Mohammed H. Al-Aawah: Deformation and sedimentation around active Miocene salt diapirs on the Tihama Plain, northwest Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:23-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.03 --- Amos Frumkin: Uplift rate relative to base-levels of a salt diapir (Dead Sea Basin, Israel) as indicated by cave levels / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:41-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.04 --- Manuel Hoyos, Miguel Doblas, Sergio Sánchez-Moral, Juan Carlos Cañaveras, Salvador Ordoñez, Carmen Sesé, Enrique Sanz, and Vicente Mahecha: Hydration diapirism: a climate-related initiation of evaporite mounds in two continental Neogene basins of central Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:49-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.05 --- M. Sans, A. L. Sánchez, and P. Santanach: Internal structure of a detachment horizon in the most external part of the Pyrenean fold and thrust belt (northern Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:65-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.06 --- Denys B. Smith: Deformation in the late Permian Boulby Halite (EZ3Na) in Teesside, NE England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.07 --- C. J. Talbot and M. Alavi: The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:89-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.08 --- Regional Case Studies --- Peter G. Buchanan, Daniel J. Bishop, and David N. Hood: Development of salt-related structures in the Central North Sea: results from section balancing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:111-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.09 --- H. S. Edgell: Salt tectonism in the Persian Gulf Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:129-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.10 --- Fivos Spathopoulos: An insight on salt tectonics in the Angola Basin, South Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:153-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.11 --- S. A. Stewart, M. J. Harvey, S. C. Otto, and P. J. Weston: Influence of salt on fault geometry: examples from the UK salt basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:175-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.12 --- Max Zirngast: The development of the Gorleben salt dome (northwest Germany) based on quantitative analysis of peripheral sinks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:203-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.13 --- Physical Modelling --- G. Ian Alsop: Physical modelling of fold and fracture geometries associated with salt diapirism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:227-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.14 --- H. Koyi: Salt flow by aggrading and prograding overburdens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:243-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.15 --- P. Szatmari, M. C. M. Guerra, and M. A. Pequeno: Genesis of large counter-regional normal fault by flow of Cretaceous salt in the South Atlantic Santos Basin, Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:259-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.16 --- Numerical and Geophysical Modelling --- Harvey A. Cohen and Stuart Hardy: Numerical modelling of stratal architectures resulting from differential loading of a mobile substrate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:265-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.17 --- K. Petersen and I. Lerche: Temperature dependence of thermal anomalies near evolving salt structures: importance for reducing exploration risk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:275-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.18 --- Alexei N. B. Poliakov, Yuri Yu. Podladchikov, Ethan Ch. Dawson, and Christopher J. Talbot: Salt diapirism with simultaneous brittle faulting and viscous flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:291-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.19
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  • 59
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 96.0149
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges has become one of the fastest-growing areas of interest in the marine geosciences since their discovery at the beginning of the 1980s. Marine geologists, geochemists and biologists are beginning to unravel the processes that generate and focus these high-temperature, chemically charged fluid exhalations, and those that control the colonization and ecology of the bizarre gamut of fauna and flora resident at these sites. Researchers, on the edge of understanding how volcanic and tectonic processes interact to control fluid flow, can show how they can predict the likely occurrence of hydrothermal systems throughout the world ridge system, and how the biomass has flourished in such inhospitable settings. Indeed, the very isolation of the communities has led workers to suggest that their restricted evolutionary path has direct significance for studies of the early origins of life itself. Hydrothermal processes are four-dimensional in their character, on a range of time-scales, which are of the order of thousands of years in terms of the of the lifetime of the hydrothermal sites, down to days in terms of the dispersal of plume products in the water column. The papers in this volume represent the latest reviews and reports of the state-of-the-art understanding of an area of marine science that we are only just beginning to recognize the scope and impact of.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 411 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 189779925X
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 87
    Classification:
    Geochemistry
    Language: English
    Note: L. M. Parson, C. L. Walker, and D. R. Dixon: Hydrothermal vents and processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.01 --- C. R. German, E. T. Baker, and G. Klinkhammer: Regional setting of hydrothermal activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.02 --- Sergey G. Krasnov, Irina M. Poroshina, and Georgiy A. Cherkashev: Geological setting of high-temperature hydrothermal activity and massive sulphide formation on fast- and slow-spreading ridges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:17-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.03 --- Bramley J. Murton, Cindy Van Dover, and Eve Southward: Geological setting and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent field: 29°10′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.04 --- S. G. Krasnov, G. A. Cherkashev, T. V. Stepanova, B. N. Batuyev, A. G. Krotov, B. V. Malin, M. N. Maslov, V. F. Markov, I. M. Poroshina, M. S. Samovarov, A. M. Ashadze, L. I. Lazareva, and I. K. Ermolayev: Detailed geological studies of hydrothermal fields in the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:43-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.05 --- Edward T. Baker: Characteristics of hydrothermal discharge following a magmatic intrusion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:65-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.06 --- J. M. Edmond, A. C. Campbell, M. R. Palmer, G. P. Klinkhammer, C. R. German, H. N. Edmonds, H. Elderfield, G. Thompson, and P. Rona: Time series studies of vent fluids from the TAG and MARK sites (1986, 1990) Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a new solution chemistry model and a mechanism for Cu/Zn zonation in massive sulphide orebodies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:77-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.07 --- G. P. Klinkhammer, C. S. Chin, C. Wilson, and C. R. German: Venting from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37°17′N: the Lucky Strike hydrothermal site / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:87-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.08 --- R. H. James, H. Elderfield, M. D. Rudnicki, C. R. German, M. R. Palmer, C. Chin, M. J. Greaves, E. Gurvich, G. P. Klinkhammer, E. Ludford, R. A. Mills, J. Thomson, and A. C. Williams: Hydrothermal plumes at Broken Spur, 29°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge: chemical and physical characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:97-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.09 --- M. R. Palmer, E. M. Ludford, C. R. German, and M. D. Lilley: Dissolved methane and hydrogen in the Steinahóll hydrothermal plume, 63°N, Reykjanes Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:111-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.10 --- Rachel A. Mills: Hydrothermal deposits and metalliferous sediments from TAG, 26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:121-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.11 --- F. M. Stuart, P. J. Harrop, R. Knott, A. E. Fallick, G. Turner, Y. Fouquet, and D. Rickard: Noble gas isotopes in 25 000 years of hydrothermal fluids from 13°N on the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:133-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.12 --- Penny Dickson, Adam Schultz, and Andrew Woods: Preliminary modelling of hydrothermal circulation within mid-ocean ridge sulphide structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:145-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.13 --- A. Rachel Pascoe and Johnson R. Cann: Modelling diffuse hydrothermal flow in black smoker vent fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.14 --- Rowena C. Duckworth, Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, Bramley J. Murton, and Cindy Van Dover: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:175-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.15 --- Steven D. Scott and Raymond A. Binns: Hydrothermal processes and contrasting styles of mineralization in the western Woodlark and eastern Manus basins of the western Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.16 --- Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, and Harald Bäcker: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope characteristics of a massive sulphide boulder, Galapagos Rift, 85°55′W / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:207-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.17 --- G. A. Cherkashev: Hydrothermal input into sediments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:223-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.18 --- R. A. Hodkinson and D. S. Cronan: Hydrothermal sedimentation at ODP Sites 834 and 835 in relation to crustal evolution of the Lau Backarc Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:231-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.19 --- S. M. Sudarikov, M. P. Davydov, V. L. Bazelyan, and V. G. Tarasov: Distribution and transformation of Fe and Mn in hydrothermal plumes and sediments and the potential function of microbiocoenoses / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:249-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.20 --- Cindy Lee van Dover: Ecology of Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:257-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.21 --- Bruce Shillito, Jean-Pierre Lechaire, Gérard Goffinet, and Francoise Gaill: Composition and morphogenesis of the tubes of vestimentiferan worms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:295-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.22 --- P. R. Dando, J. A. Hughes, and F. Thiermann: Preliminary observations on biological communities at shallow hydrothermal vents in the Aegean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:303-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.23 --- S. M. Sudarikov and S. V. Galkin: Geochemistry of the Snake Pit vent field and its implications for vent and non-vent fauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:319-327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.24 --- Gareth Rieley, Cindy L. van Dover, David B. Hedrick, David C. White, and Geoffrey Eglinton: Lipid characteristics of hydrothermal vent organisms from 9°N, East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:329-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.25 --- D. R. Dixon, D. A. S. B. Jollivet, L. R. J. Dixon, J. A. Nott, and P. W. H. Holland: The molecular identification of early life-history stages of hydrothermal vent organisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:343-350, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.26 --- Don A. Cowan: Hyperthermophilic enzymes: biochemistry and biotechnology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:351-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.27 --- Christopher R. German and Martin V. Angel: Hydrothermal fluxes of metals to the oceans: a comparison with anthropogenic discharge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:365-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.28 --- Kevin G. Speer and Karl R. Helfrich: Hydrothermal plumes: a review of flow and fluxes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:373-385, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.29 --- Mark D. Rudnicki: Particle formation, fallout and cycling within the buoyant and non-buoyant plume above the TAG vent field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:387-396, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.30
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  • 60
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/5
    In: CRREL Report, 83-5
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of dynamic ice-structure interaction model tests conducted at the CRREL Ice Engineering Facility. A flexible, single-pile, bottom-founded offshore structure was simulated by a test pile with about a one-to-ten scale ratio. Urea (instead of sodium chloride) was used as dopant to scale down the ice properties, resulting in good model ice properties. Six ice fields were frozen and 18 tests carried out. In all cases distinctive dynamic ice structure interaction vibrations appeared, from which abundant data were collected. In tests with linear ice velocity sweep, sawtooth-shaped ice force fluctuations occurred first. With increasing velocity the natural modes of the test pile were excited, and shifts from one mode to another occurred. The maximum ice force values appeared mostly with low loading rates, but high forces appeared random'y at high ice velocities. As a general trend, ice force maximums, averages and standard deviations decreased with increasing ice velocities. The aspect ratio effect of the ice force in continuous crushing follows the same dependence as in static loadings. The frequency of observed ice forces is strongly dominated by the natural modes of the structure. Dynamically unstable natural modes tend to make the developing ice force frequencies the same as the natural frequencies. Otherwise the resulting frequency depends directly on structural stiffness and ice velocity and inversely on the ice force range. During vibrations the displacement rates of the structure overcome the velocity of ice, making low loading rates and hence high ice forces possible. During crushing, ice induces both positive and negative damping.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test arrangements Ice properties Crushing patterns Maximum ice force vs velocity Dynamic aspect ratio effect and crushing strength Measured ice force frequencies Calculated ice force frequencies Accelerations, velocities and displacements Damping Ice-induced negative damping Limit cycles Buckling load Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 61
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/15
    In: CRREL Report, 84-15
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements of meltwater pH from annual layers of South Pole firn and ice samples ranging in age from 40 to 2000 years B.P. show that precipitation at this remote site has a higher natural acidity than that expected from atmospheric equilibrium with CO2. The average pH of deaerated (CO2-free) samples was 5.64 + or - 0.08, while air-equilibrated samples averaged 5.37 + or - 0.008, a pH that is about a factor of two more acidic than the expected background pH of 5.65. The observed 'excess' acidity can be accounted for by natural SO4(2)- and NO(3)- levels in the samples probably originating from non-anthropogenic H2SO4 and HNO3. Because of the presence of these naturally occurring acids in South Pole precipitation, a pH of 5.4 is considered a more representative baseline reference pH for acid precipitation studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-15
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/16
    In: CRREL Report, 84-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase composition curves are presented for a typical saline silt from Lanzhou, P.R.C., and compared to some silts from Alaska. The unfrozen water content of the Chinese silt is much higher than that of the Alaskan silts due to the large amount of soluble salts present in the silts from China, which are not present in silt from interior Alaska. When the salt is removed, the unfrozen water content is then similar for both the Chinese and Alaskan silt. Here we introduce a technique for correcting the unfrozen water content of partially frozen soils due to high salt concentrations. We calculate the equivalent molality of the salts in the unfrozen water at various temperatures from a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the extract from saturated paste.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-16
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Materials Sample preparation Nuclear magnetic resonance Specific surface area Electrical conductivity Results and discussion Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content vs temperature data for Lanzhou silt
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  • 63
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/18
    In: CRREL Report, 84-18
    Description / Table of Contents: This report investigates the influences of turbulence and water temperature on frazil ice formation. The rate and thequantity of frazil ice formed in a specified volume of supercooled water increase with both increasing turbulence inten-sitv and decreasing water temperature. The influence of turbulence intensity on the rate of frazil ice formation, how-ever. is more pronounced for larger initial supercooling. The turbulence characteristics of a flow affect the rate offrazil ice formation by governing the temperature to which the flow can be supercooled, by influencing heat transferfrom the frazil ice to surrounding water, and by promoting collision nucleation, particle and floc rupture and increasingthe number of nucleation sites. larger frazil ice particles formed in water supercooled to lower temperatures. The par-ticles usually were disks, with diameters several orders greater than their thickness. Particle size generally decreased with increasing turbulence intensity. This report develops an analytical model, in which the rate of frazil ice formation isrelated to temperature rise of a turbulent volume of water from the release of latent heat of fusion of liquid water toice. Experiments conducted in a turbulence jar with a heated, vertically oscillating grid served both to guide and tocalibrate thanalytical'model as well as to afford insights into frazil ice formation. The formation of frazil ice wasstudied for Vemperatures of supercooled water ranging from -0.9° to -0.050°C.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 50 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Scope of study Literature review Introduction Incipient formation of frazil ice Particle size and evolution of frazil ice Influences of turbulence and water temperature on the rate of frazil ice formation Conclusions Analytical model Introduction Elements of heat transfer Elements of turbulence Experimentation Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Introduction Nucleation of frazil ice Influences of turbulence on frazil ice formation Water temperature Influences of water temperature and turbulence on the concentration of frazil ice Frazil ice particle shape and size Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Preliminary frazil ice experiments Flume experiments Couette-flow Appendix B: Listing of computer program for calculation of frazil ice formation Appendix C: Water temperature rise attributable to frazil ice formation as computed usingthe analytical model .
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  • 64
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/12
    In: CRREL Report, 84-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Icing on stationary structures such as oil rigs is becoming an increasingly serious problem as offshore drilling operations in the subpolar regions become more common. Little information exists on this subject. Extensive observations have been made of icing on the upper structures of moving ships, but the complexity of this problem makes analysis of the results very difficult. Even the generation of water drops in this case involves many factors, such as windspeed, wave direction relative to the bearing of the ship, and size and free-board of the ship. On stationary structures, however, the problem is much simpler, since the major factor in drop generation is whitecaps produced by wind, and no motion of the structure is involved. In the present study, a theoretical calculation was made by combining the data available on the generation of drops by wind with data on the proportion of ice frozen from the collected water. The rate of ice accumulation on stationary structures was calculated using published data. The results were compared with icing measured on board ships. Although the general trend of this calculation indicated parallelism with the onboard measurements, the measured ice accumulation rate on ships needed a 5 to 8 m/s higher windspeed to correspond with the calculated rate for stationary structures.
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    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-12
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/11
    In: CRREL Report, 84-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Data obtained from two sets of data buoys either air-dropped or deployed by ship onto the Weddell Sea pack ice during the period from Dec 1978 to Nov 1980 are presented. The buoy data include position, pressure and temperature information and to date represent the most complete combined weather and pack ice drift records for the ice-covered Southern Ocean regions. The buoys tended to drift north initially and then to turn east generally between latitudes 62°S and 64°S. Buoy 1433 turned east farther south at approximately 67°S but at about the same time as buoy 0527, implying that the westerly wind belt was farther south than usual in 1979. The range of air pressures-from about 950 mb to about 1020 mb is typical of the circumpolar low pressure trough in the Southern Hemisphere. All buoys were equipped with an internal or compartment temperature sensor. The 1980 buoys also contained an external air temperature sensor in a ventilated, shielded can at 1-m height. Although differences of 10°C or more between recorded air and compartment temperatures are common, the correlation between the two measured temperatures is generally very good. The compartment temperatures are higher probably because the buoy is radiationally heated. We found that subtracting 3°C from the average daily compartment temperature yielded a good estimate of the average air temperature for any given day. This technique can be used to construct average daily air temperature records for the 1979 buoys which only contained the internal or compartment temperature sensor.
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    Pages: v, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods and instrumentation Results Drift tracks Pressure data Temperature data Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 66
    Call number: ZSP-201-84/9
    In: CRREL Report, 84-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the first phase of a test program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. In Phase I, 222 constant-strain-rate uni-axial compression tests were performed on ice samples from ten multi-year pressure ridges to examine the magnitude and variation of ice strength within and between pressure ridges. A limited number of constant-strain-rate compression and tension tests, constant-load compression tests, and conventional triaxial tests were also performed on ice samples from a multi-year floe to provide preliminary data for developing ice yield criteria and constitutive laws for multi-year sea ice. Data are presented on the strength, failure strain, and modulus of multi-year sea ice under different loading conditions. The statistical variation of ice strength within and between pressure ridges is examined, as well as the effects of ice temperature, porosity, structure, strain rate and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice.
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    Pages: v, 107 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field Sampling Site selection and description Ice sampling procedures Shipping and storage of ice samples Testing Techniques Multi-year Pressure Ridge Tests Ice description Sampling scheme and test variables Uniaxial compressive strength Residual compressive strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Statistical Variations in Ice Strength Differences in strength above and below level ice Sources of the variation in strength Shape of the strength histograms Multi-year Floe Ice Tests Ice description Uniaxial compressive strength Constant-load compression tests Constant-strain-rate tension tests Triaxial tests Conclusions Literature Cited Appendix A: Structural profile of a multi-year pressure ridge core Appendix B: Ridge uniaxial compression test data Appendix C: Structural profile of the continuous multi-year floe core Appendix D: Multi-year floe test data
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  • 67
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/30
    In: CRREL Report, 83-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice sheets are formed and retained in several ways in nature, and an understanding of these factors is needed before most structures can be successfully applied. Many ice sheet retention structures float and are somewhat flexible; others are fixed and rigid or semirigid. An example of the former is the Lake Erie ice boom and of the latter, the Montreal ice control structure. Ice sheet retention technology is changing. The use of timber cribs is gradually but not totally giving way to sheet steel pilings and concrete cells. New structures and applications are being tried but with caution. Ice-hydraulic analyses are helpful in predicting the effects of structures and channel modifications on ice cover formation and retention. Often, varying the flow rate in a particular system at the proper time will make the difference between whether a structure will or will not retain ice. The structure, however, invariably adds reliability to the sheet ice retention process.
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    Pages: iv, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Beilage
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-30
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Natural ice sheets Choosing an ice control structure Flexible structures Ice booms Frazil collector lines Fence booms Rigid or semirigid structures Pier-mounted booms Stone groins Artificial islands Removable gravity structures Timber cribs Weirs Pilings and dolphins Structures built for other purposes Hydroelectric dams Wicket dams Light piers and towers Bridge piers Breakwaters Ice control not using Structures Channel improvements Ice sheet tying Ice sheet bridges Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice control structure
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  • 68
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/29
    In: CRREL Report, 83-29
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review indicated that the effects or permafrost on streambank erodibility and stability are not yet understood because systematic and quantitative measurements are seriously lacking. Consequently, general controversy exists as to whether perennially frozen ground inhibits lateral erosion and bankline recession, or whether it increases bank recession rates. Perennially frozen streambanks erode because of modification of the bank's thermal regime by exposure to air and water, and because of various erosional processes. Factors that determine rates and locations of erosion include physical, thermal and structural properties of bank sediments, stream hydraulics and climate. Thermal and physical modification of streambanks may also induce accelerated erosion within permafrost terrain removed from the immediate river environment. Bankline or bluffline recession rates are highly variable, ranging from less than 1 m/year to over 30 m/year and, exceptionally, to over 60 m/year. Long-term observations of the physical and thermal erosion processes and systematic ground surveys and measurements of bankline-bluffline recession rates are needed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-29
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications
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  • 69
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/31
    In: CRREL Report, 83-31
    Description / Table of Contents: A mathematical model is described that is used to determine the maximum ice conveyance capacity of a river channel. Based upon this model, computer programs were developed that enable the ice discharge to be calculated for steady-state flow conditions. For rivers that have uniform flow, the maximum ice-conveying capacity can be described with a simple function expressed in terms of the size of the ice fragments, channel geometry, and the flow of water in the river. For nonuniform flows, the computer program determines the elevation profile of the surface layer in addition to other flow characteristics, such as the velocity and surface concentration of the ice fragments. The location along this surface profile where the ice conveyance capacity becomes less than the upstream supply is determined and is considered to be the position where a surface ice jam or ice bridge will be formed.
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    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 70
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/32
    In: CRREL Report, 83-32
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice forces on a bridge pier in the Ottauquechee River, in Quechee, Vermont, were measured by installing fourpanels-each capable of measuring forces in the normal and tangential direction - on both sides of a vertical V-shaped pier nose. The measured forces are presented for a short period during an ice run. After the ice run, the thickness and sizes of the ice floes were measured and the compressive strength of the ice was determined in the laboratory from the ice samples collected along the river banks. The water level measurements made at several locations along theriver are also presented for the period of the ice run.
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    Pages: ii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-32
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/33
    In: CRREL Report, 82-33
    Description / Table of Contents: Arctic sea ice is freckled with melt ponds during the ablation season; Antarctic sea ice has few, if any. On the basis of a simple surface heat budget, we investigate the meteorological conditions necessary for the onset of surface melting in an attempt to explain these observations. The low relative humidity associated with the relatively dry winds off the continent and an effective radiation parameter smaller than that characteristic of the Arctic are primarily responsible for the absence of melt features in the Antarctic. Together these require a surface-layer air temperature above 0 C before Antarctic sea ice can melt. A ratio of the bulk transfer coefficients C sub H/C sub E less than 1 also contributes to the dissimilarity in Arctic and Antarctic ablation seasons. The effects of wind speed and of the sea-ice roughness on the absolute values of C sub H and C sub E seem to moderate regional differences, but final assessment of this hypothesis awaits better data, especially from the Antarctic.
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    Pages: 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-33
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/32
    In: CRREL Report, 82-32
    Description / Table of Contents: Low-frequency (10 Hz) volcanic earthquakes originate at a wide range of depths and occur before, during, and after magmatic eruptions. The characteristics of these earthquakes suggest that they are not typical tectonic events. Physically analogous processes occur in hydraulic fracturing of rock formations, low-frequency icequakes in temperate glaciers, and autoresonance in hydroelectric power stations. We propose that unsteady fluid flow in volcanic conduits is the common source mechanism of low-frequency volcanic earthquakes (tremor). The fluid dynamic source mechanism explains low-frequency earthquakes of arbitrary duration, magnitude, and depth of origin, as unsteady flow is independent of physical properties of the fluid and conduit. Fluid transients occur in both low-viscosity gases and high-viscosity liquids. A fluid transient analysis can be formulated as generally as is warranted by knowledge of the composition and physical properties of the fluid, material properties, geometry and roughness of the conduit, and boundary conditions. To demonstrate the analytical potential of the fluid dynamic theory, we consider a single-phase fluid, a melt of Mount Hood andeside at 1250 deg C, in which significant pressure and velocity variations occur only in the longitudinal direction.
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    Pages: 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-32
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/4
    In: CRREL Report, 84-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice problems developed in the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, portion of the St. Marys River because of winter navigation. Passing ships and natural influences moved ice from Soo Harbor into Little Rapids Cut in sufficient quantities to jam, cause high water in the harbor, and prevent further ship passage. After physical model and engineering studies, two ice booms with a total span of 1375 ft (419 m) with a 250-ft (76-m) navigation opening between were installed at the head of Little Rapids Cut in 1975. A modest field study program on the booms was conducted for the ensuring four winters to determine ice and boom interaction and the effects of ship passages on the system. Forces on some anchors were recorded and supplemental data were taken by local personnel. Several reports have been written about the booms' early operations. This paper presents four-year summary of the main effects of the booms on ice and ship interaction and vice versa. Throughout the four winter seasons, the small quantities of ice lost over and between the booms were manageable. Ships usually passed through the boom without influencing the boom force levels, but at time they brought about large changes. One boom needed strengthening, and artificial islands were added for upstream ice stability. Coast Guard icebreakers were also a necessary part of winter navigation in this area.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces
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  • 74
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/6
    In: CRREL Report, 84-6
    Description / Table of Contents: An expression relating aerosol growth to cold environmental conditions was developed. This was accomplished by solving the diffusion equation with the method of Laplace transformation. The series solution was expressed in terms of the dimensionless parameters K (ratio of vapor density over droplet surface to droplet density), ω (ratio of environmental vapor density at time zero to vapor density over droplet surface), and dimensionless time τ (ratio of product of diffusion coefficient D and time t to square of initial radius of condensation nucleus). To take into account the variation of the vapor density over the surface of an acidic condensation nucleus due to the continuous dilution of the droplet, the solution was obtained by assuming various levels of constant vapor concentration. The final expression [R/R sub o - 1 = 2.4917 x 10 to the minus 18th power) exp(0.0737 θ) (P sub RHS/25) x (100-P sub RHS) τ to the 0.9890 powder] can be used to compute the value of R once the values of initial radius R sub o, relative humidity P sub RH, percent of relative humidity at the droplet surface P sub RHS, and environmental temperature θ are given.
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    Pages: vi, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature General background The problem Method of solution Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Evaluation of rn's in equation 25
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  • 75
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/5
    In: CRREL Report, 84-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Diatom species composition and relative abundances were determined for ice cores obtained from Weddell Sea pack ice during the October-November 1981 Weddell Polynya Expedition (WEPOLEX). Ice thickness and salinity indicate that the ice was less than one year old. The predominant ice type (70%) was frazil, which has the capacity to mechanically incorporate biological material through nucleation and scavenging. Diatoms were found throughout the length of the cores. Species showed down-core fluctuations in abundance that appeared to be correlated with changes in ice type. Pennate forms were more abundant than centrics, the average ratio being 16:1. Diatom frustules with intact organic material were more abundant (5 billion cells/liter). Differences in species abundances are attributed initially to incorporation of algal cells from a temporally changing water column and subsequently to diatom reproduction within the ice. Scanning electron micrographs illustrating the morphologic characteristics of the predominant species are included.
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    Pages: iv, 46 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-5
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Taxonomic terms Appendix B: Differences in species composition and abundance in duplicate samples examined under optical and inverted light microscopes Appendix C: Morphologic descriptions and SEM micrographs
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  • 76
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/21
    In: CRREL Report, 83-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The probability density function of the gouge depths into the sediment is represented by a simple negative exponential over four decades of gouge frequency. The exceedance probability function is, therefore, e to the -lambda d, where d is the gouge depth in meters and lambda is a constant. The value of lambda shows a general decrease with increasing water depth, from 9/m in shallow water to less than 3/m in water 30 to 35 m deep. The deepest gouge observed was 3.6 m, from a sample of 20,354 gouges that have depths greater than or equal to 0.2 m. The dominant gouge orientations are usually unimodal and reasonably clustered, with the most frequent alignments roughly parallel to the general trend to the coastline. The value of N(bar) sub 1, the mean number of gouges (deeper than 0.2 m) per kilometer measured normal to the trend of the gouges, varies from 0.2 for protected lagoons to 80 in water between 20 and 38 m deep in unprotected offshore regions. The distribution of the spacings between gouges as measured along a sampling track is a negative exponential. The form of the frequency distribution of N sub 1 varies with water depth and is exponential for lagoons and shallow offshore areas, previously skewed for 10 to 20 m depths off the barrier islands, and near-normal for deeper water. As a Poisson distribution gives a reasonable fit to the N sub 1 distributions for all water depths, it is suggested that gouging can be taken as approximating a Poisson process in both space and time. The distributions of the largest values per kilometer of gouge depths, gouge widths, and the heights of the lateral embankment of sediments plowed from the gouges are also investigated.
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    Pages: 40 Seiten , Illustrationen, 1 Karte
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background and environmental setting Data collection and terminology Data analysis Gouge depths Gouge orientation Gouge frequency Extreme value analysis Applications to offshore design Gouge depth Extreme value statistics Burial depths Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed bathymetric map of the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea
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  • 77
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/8
    In: CRREL Report, 84-8
    Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the equipment and procedures that were used for acquiring, preparing and testing samples of multi-year sea ice. Techniques and procedures are discussed for testing ice samples in compression and tension at constant strain rates and constant loads, as well as in a conventional triaxial cell. A detailed account is given of the application and measurement of forces and dispiacements on the ice test specimens under these different loading conditions.
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    Pages: iv, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test material and test specimens Test material Required dimensions for test specimens Acquisition and preparation of specimens Field core sampling Specimen preparation in the laboratory Application of forces and displacements to uniaxial specimens Compression Tension Squareness imperfections Loading devices Universal testing machine Gas actuator for constant load Weight-and-pulley system for constant tension Equipment for triaxial tests Measurement of force and displacement Force Displacement Readouts and recorders Literature cited Appendix A: Phenolic-resin end caps Appendix B: Compliant platens Appendix C: Theoretical factor for converting overall strain to gauge-length strain indumbbell specimens Appci dix D: Items developed but not used in Phase I Appendix E: Use of the Brazil test
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  • 78
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/26
    In: CRREL Report, 84-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Observations of shore ice pile-up and ride-up along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast in 1983 and 1984 are presented. New information on historical accounts of onshore ice movement, uncovered since publication of Part I in this series, is reported. An account is given of ice overtopping a concrete caisson exploration island in the Canadian Beaufort Sea.
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    Pages: iii, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Observations Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Site location maps
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  • 79
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/33
    In: CRREL Report, 84-33
    Description / Table of Contents: A small-scale experimental study was conducted to characterize the magnitude and nature of ice forces during continuous crushing of ice against a rigid, vertical, cylindrical structure. The diameter of the structure was varied from 50 to 500 mm, the relative velocity from 10 to 210 mm/s, and the ice thickness from 50 to 80 mm. The ice tended to fail repetitively, with the frequency of failure termed the characteristic frequency. The characteristic frequency varied linearly with velocity and to a small extent with structure diameter. The size of the damage zone was 10 to 50% of the ice thickness, with an average value of 30%. The maximum and mean normalized ice forces were strongly dependent on the aspect ratio (structure diameter/ice thickness). The forces increased significantly with decreasing aspect ratio, but were constant for large aspect ratios. The maximum normalized forces appeared to be independent of strain rate. The effect of velocity on the normalized ice forces depended on structure diameter. The mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice crushing depended on both aspect ratio and ice-structure relative velocity. The energy required to crush the ice for the one failure cycle was obtained from the ice force records for each test, and was compared to the energy calculated from an idealized sawtooth shape for the force record, the maximum force, velocity and characteristic frequency data. Originator - supplied keywords included: Cold regions, Cold regions construction, Cylindrical test structures, Ice, Ice crushing, Ice forces, and Test facilities.
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    Pages: vi, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-33
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Test objectives Experimental setup and procedures Facilities Test fixture Data acquisiton system Ice sheets Measurement of ice properties Daily test summary Experimental results and discussion Observations Ice force records Frequency of ice force variations Discussion Maximum crushing forces Mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice in crushing Failure energy of ice Ratio of maximum force to mean force Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Data for continuous crushing tests
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  • 80
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-95/14
    In: CRREL Report, 95-14
    Description / Table of Contents: Current protocols for decontaminating devices used to sample groundwater for organic contaminants are re­viewed. Most of the methods given by regulatory agencies provide little scientific evidence that justify the recommended protocols. In addition, only a few studies that actually compared various decontamination proto­cols could be found in the open literature, and those studies were limited in their scope. Various approaches for decontamination and criteria that are important in determining how effectively a surface could be decontami­nated are discussed.
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    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 81
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-95/11
    In: CRREL Report, 95-11
    Description / Table of Contents: A pavement joint seal prevents the passage of liquids into the pavement base and the intrusion of solids into the joint. The primary mechanical requirements of a pavement seal are that it respond elastically or viscoelastically to any movement of the joint without failure and that it withstand indentation of hard objects like rocks. Because pavement joint movements and seal deformations can be large, elastomeric sealants are often used to form seals. Winter conditions are recognized as the most critical for a seal because of the possibility that failure stresses will be reached as the joint opens to a maximum and the material stiffens in response to the temperature reduction. This report reviews the specific problems and requirements that cold climates create for the performance of elastomeric seals. Emphasis is placed on the material response behavior that can lead to failure of a seal. In an attempt to clarity the mechanics of sealant and seal performance associated with low-temperature pavement applications and to address the issue of low-temperature stiffening That should be a dominant factor in the selection of a sealant, this report presents background information on the formulation and mechanical properties of elastomeric seal materials and the structural behavior of field-molded joint and crack seals.
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    Pages: iv, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Introduction Elastomers and sealant formulations Mechanical behavior of sealants Phenomenological behavior of rubbers and elastomers Hyperelastic constitutive model Examples of sealant behavior Mechanical response of seals Basic structural geometry and loading configurations of seals Conventional performance testing for studying the load and deformation response of joint and crack seals Response of seals to joint movements Summary and recommendations Literature cited Abstract
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  • 82
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    Call number: ZSP-201-95/7
    In: CRREL Report, 95-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Before vehicle mobility in snow can be reliably predicted, a complete understanding of motion resistance in snow is required. This report examines several aspects of wheeled vehicle motion resistance using results obtained with the CRREL instrumented vehicle. Resistances of leading and trailing tires are examined. Limited data are presented for undercarriage drag, and third and fourth wheel passes in the same rut are initially analyzed, as is how snow deforms around a wheel. For the CRREL instrumented vehicle, a trailing tire has a resistance coefficient of about 0.017 for snow depths less than about 22cm. For deeper snow, the disruption of the snowpack caused by a preceding wheel causes snow to fall into the rut, resulting in higher trailing tire coefficients. For larger vehicles, which in some cases have trailing tires carrying larger loads than preceding tires, the trailing tire coefficients are on the order of 0.048 and 0.025 for second and third trailing wheels respectively. Since there are no trailing tire data available for these larger vehicles, these values are based on nonlinear regression analysis, which includes a prediction of the leading tire resistance. The results and observations of this study are applied in a reanalysis of the towed resistance data obtained during the U.S. Army's Wheels vs. Tracks study. An improved algorithm is presented for predicting wheeled vehicle motion resistance caused by snow.
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    Pages: v, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Results and analysis Leading tire resistance Trailing tire resistance Deep snow Undercarriage drag Multiple passes Shallow snow resistance model Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Snow data Appendix B: Observations of snow deformation by a wheel Appendix C: Wheeled vehicle motion resistance data Abstract
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  • 83
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-95/1
    In: CRREL Report, 95-1
    Description / Table of Contents: This report annotates the cold regions mobility prediction routines included in the CAMMS/ALBE mobility models. It further explains the development of the algorithms that are used in these models to describe the interaction of a vehicle with terrain that has been affected by cold weather. The following terrain conditions are discussed: undisturbed snow (shallow and deep); disturbed snow (moderately trafficked and hard packed); ice; and thawing soils. Several combinations of substrates are also considered. A stand-alone computer model is included.
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    Pages: v, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Shallow snow Undisturbed snow on a firm substrate Undisturbed snow on a soft substrate Undisturbed snow over ice Disturbed, processed and packed snow Deep snow Ice Freezing or thawing ground conditions Bearing capacity of freezing ground Effect of thawing conditions on vehicle performance Speed made good Internal motion resistance Slopes Summary and recornmendations Literature cited Appendix A: Cold Regions Mobility Model CRM-1.F Appendix B: FORTRAN code using NRMM/CAMMS variables and format Appendix C: Traction coefficients on packed snow Appendix D: NRMM checkout data Abstract
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  • 84
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/14
    In: CRREL Report, 82-14
    Description / Table of Contents: A comparative study was made of design criteria and analytical methods for footings and pile foundations on perma­frost employed in U.S.S.R. Design Code SNiP II-18-76 (1977) and U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report 80-34 developed in the early 1970's by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and published in 1980. The absence of adequate constitutive equations for frozen soils and of rigorous solutions of the boundary prob­lems has made it necessary to incorporate (explicitly or implicitly) various safety factors in the foundation analyses. From the review it is concluded that the principal difference between these practices is in the assessment and application of appropriate values of safety factors, which leads to a substantial discrepancy in the dimensions and cost of footings and pile foundations in permafrost.
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    Pages: iv, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction U.S.S.R. system of standards U.S.S.R. Design Code SNiP 11-18-76 (1977) subsoils and foundations on permafrost General regulations Classification of soils Basic regulations for foundation design Analysis of subsoils and foundations Design of foundations for special soil conditions, and appendices SR 80-34 (1980) design and construction of foundations in areas of deep seasonal frost and permafrost General information Foundation design Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 85
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/13
    In: CRREL Report, 82-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Frost heave is analyzed for the common case in which some ice penetrates the soil. In this situation, heave is due to the accumulation of soil-free ice just within the frozen zone, behind a frozen fringe of finite thickness. Heat and mass transport within and across that fringe are crucial processes in the dynamics of heave. This analysis concentrates on activity within the fringe, also connecting that activity to heat and mass flows in the more frozen and unfrozen zones. Each component in a set of governing differential equations is developed from rational physics and thermodynamics, using previous experimental work. It is assumed that the soil ice grows through interconnected interstices; hence it constitutes and can move as a rigid body. When the assumption is translated into mathematical terms, it completes the governing equations. The model resulting from these considerations is a one-dimensional finite element computer program that solves the equations for arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. The model is used to simulate the heave history of a hypothetical soil column frozen unidirectionally and subjected to a surcharge. The results are gratifying in that they predict qualitatively the characteristics of numerous laboratory observations. Some questions about the completeness of the theory remain, and strict verification of the model awaits further experimentation and better parameter identification.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-13
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/12
    In: CRREL Report, 82-12
    Description / Table of Contents: From a high-quality set of velocity, temperature, and humidity profiles collected upwind and downwind of a step change in surface roughness, temperature, and moisture, we have calculated upwind and downwind values of the heat fluxes and friction velocity. The surface change is from smooth to rough; upwind, the sensible heat flux is upward and the latent heat flux is zero; downwind, the surface is well-watered so that the latent heat flux is upward while the sensible heat flux is downward. The downwind latent heat flux in this fetch-limited flow obeys NL=0.08 Rx 0.76 where NL is the latent heat Nusselt number and Rx is the fetch Reynolds number, a parameter for characterizing fetch-limited flows. Because this relation is virtually the same as one found to describe the sensible heat and condensate fluxes over arctic leads, we conclude that the Nusselt numbers nondimensionalizing scalar fluxes are the same for a given fetch Reynolds number when boundary conditions are similar.
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    Pages: vii, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Upwind: flux gradient method Downwind: integral method ResulIts Energy budget Latent heat flux Surface stress Downwind humidity profiles Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 87
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/12
    In: CRREL Report, 81-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Revegetation techniques along the trans-Alaska pipeline as employed by Alyeska Pipeline Service Company during the 1975-1978 summers were observed. Objectives included determining the success of treatments, identifying problem areas, and noticing long-term implications. Observations and photographs at 60 sites located along the trans-Alaska pipeline indicated frequent occurrence of successful revegetation as well as frequent problems, such as erosion, slope instability, poor scheduling of seed application, occurrence of weed species, failure to optimally reuse topsoil and fine-grained soil, and low rates of native species reinvation. Alyeska's visual impact engineering was observed to be very successful, as shown by high first-season survival. However, a related program for establishing willow cuttings was unsuccessful in 1977 but appeared very promising in 1978 largely due to improved management and more favorable growing conditions. Terrain disturbances due to the construction of the fuel gas line, snowpads, and oil spills were examined to identify and describe related environmental impacts on natural vegetation. Proper construction and use of snowpads minimized the extent and severity of disturbance. Crude oil spills, although damaging to vegetation did not cause total kill of vegetation, and certain types of spills may have only short-term effects. Results of restoration research by CRREL along the trans-Alaska pipeline are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 115 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Revegetation procedures 1975-1978 construction seasons Willow cutting program Visual impact engineering program Selected terrain disturbances Fuel gas line and snowpads Island Lake and oil line snowpads Oil spills and revegetation CRREL restoration sites Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: List of sites observed during 1975 Appendix B: Annotated photographs of permanent revegetation observation sites-1975-1978 Appendix C: Photographic record of fuel gas line observation sites
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  • 88
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/13
    In: CRREL Report, 81-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrical properties of frozen ground were measured using radio frequency interferometry (RFI) in the very high frequency (VHF) radiowave band. Ice-rich organic silts and sands and gravels of variable ice content were investigated during early April of both 1979 and 1980. Frequencies between 10 and 150 MHz were used with best results obtained between 40 and 100 MHz. Surface impedance and magnetic induction techniques were also used to obtain an independent measure of low frequency resistivity and to obtain a separate control on vertical inhomogeneity. Soil samples were tested for organic and water content. The dielectric constants determined for the ice-rich organic silts ranged from 4.0 to 5.5 while those for the sands and gravels were about 5.1. Dielectric loss was due to d.c. conduction and was very low for the silts but significant for the sands and gravels. The higher values for the sands and gravels were most likely due to the higher concentrations of salt that are reported to exist in the old beach ridges in this region. All the RFI measurements are believed to be indicative of only the first few meters of the ground although the radiowaves could penetrate to tens of meters.
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    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Theory and instrumentation Radio frequency interferometry Case 1: Homogeneous ground model Case 2: Two-layer ground model RFI instrumentation Low frequency methods Point Barrow sites Results and discussion Site 1: Tundra Site 2: Beach ridge Site 3: Marsh Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of low-frequency geophysical methods
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  • 89
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/18
    In: CRREL Report, 81-18
    Description / Table of Contents: During the growing seasons of 1977, 1978, and 1979, revegetation techniques were studied on the Chena River Lakes Project, a flood control dam and levee near Fairbanks, Alaska, to find an optimal treatment for establishing permanent vegetation cover on the gravel structures. The treatments tested on plots at the dam andor levee involved three main variables 1 vegetation grass and clover seed andor willow cuttings, 2 mulch, mulch blanket, andor sludge, and 3 substrate gravel or fine-grained soil over the gravel base. The mulches were hay, wood-cellulose-fiber, peat moss, and Conwed Hydro Mulch 2000, which is a wood-cellulose-fiber mulch with a polysaccharide tackifier. A constant rate of fertilizer was applied to all plots except the control. A section of each plot was refertilized again in their third growing season to compare annual and biannual fertilization. The high fertilization rate produced above-average growth. Fescue, brome, and foxtail were the most productive species on the dam, while alsike cover was the most productive on the wetter levee site. When grass seed and willow cuttings were planted at the same time, willow survival and growth were reduced. Fertilization is required for at least two years to produce an acceptable permanent vegetation cover, although fine- grained soil or sludge reduces the amount of fertilizer needed in the second year. Third-year fertilization may not be necessary since the benefits of the second fertilization continue for at least two years. A sludge treatment refertilized during its second growing season produces the highest biomass recorded in this study.
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    Pages: ix, 59 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Abbreviations Conversion factors Summary Introduction Background Site characterization Climate Purpose Materials and methods General Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Sampling and measurement Abiotic controls on vegetation Meteorological data Soil moisture as a limiting factor Soil chemical analysis Vegetation growth and survival Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Biomass by species Roof penetration Seedling density of invading woody species Weeds Supplemental observations Sediment loss Sludge and runoff-water composition Cost analysis Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: 1977 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix B: 1978 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix C: 1979 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix D: Grass growth on 1978 dam treatments Appendix E: 1977, 1978, and 1979 survival of willow treatments Appendix F: Grass growth on Tanana levee treatments Appendix C: Chemical analysis of sludge and runoff water
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  • 90
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/22
    In: CRREL Report, 81-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of the hydropower potential of Bradley Lake, Alaska, would greatly increase winter freshwater discharge from the Bradley River into Kachemak Bay, which may result in increased ice formation and related ice-induced problems. The objectives of this investigation were to describe winter surface circulation in the bay and document ice distribution patterns for predicting where additional ice might be transported if it forms. Landsat MSS bands 5 and 7 and RBV imagery with 70% cloud cover or less, taken between 1 November and 30 April each year from 1972 to 1980, were analyzed. Surface circulation patterns inferred from suspended sediment patterns and ice distribution and movement were observed and mapped from the Landsat imagery. The generalized circulation patterns indicate that any additional ice formed due to future increased winter discharge from Bradley River would be likely to accumulate along Homer Spit and to be blown into the outer bay by the dominant northerly winter winds.
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    Pages: vi, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion factors Introduction Physical setting Hydrology Climate Bathymetry PhysIcal oceanography Wind effects on circulatIon Previous investigations Approach Imagery analyzed Wind and tidal data Results Suspended sediment patterns Ice distribution Generaltzed surface circulation Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Keys to Figures 2, 3 and 4 Appendix B. Observations made from usable Landsat Imagery Appendix C. Selected landsat images used to make observations and interpretations of surface water patterns and ice distribution
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  • 91
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/24
    In: CRREL Report, 81-24
    Description / Table of Contents: This report develops a method of analysis for heat transmission systems operating under district heating load conditions. The method accounts for the effects of heat source and load characteristics. The use of thermal energy storage systems is outlined and advantages are given. The transmission model itself considers the following technical aspects: (1) frictional pressure losses in piping system, (2) pump characteristics, (3) pump driver characteristics, and (4) heat losses from the buried piping. The capital costs considered are the piping system and necessary pumps. Operation and maintenance costs include cost of heat loss and cost of pumping energy input. Allowances are also made for system maintenance and repair over the assumed lifetime.
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    Pages: vii, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Modes of heat transmission History and state of the art Technical aspects of heat transmission systems Heat sources Space heating loads Thermal energy storage Fluid dynamics considerations Pump drivers Buried piping systems Economic aspects of heat transmission systems Capital costs Operation and maintenance costs Problem formulation Criteria for the optimum solution The objective function Problem solution The response surface Methods of solution Sample results, conclusions and suggestions for future work Results from model calculations Conclusions and suggestions for future work Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program listing
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  • 92
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/26
    In: CRREL Report, 81-26
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part 7
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This report deals with force, torque, energy and power in machines such as drills and boring devices, where the cutting head rotates about a central axis while penetrating parallel to that axis. Starting from a cosideration of the forces developed on individual cutting tools, or segments of cutters, the thrust and torque on a complete cutting head is assessed, and simple relationships between thrust and torque are derived. Similarly, the energy and power needed to drive the cutting head arc estimated and related to tool characteristics. Design characteristics of existing machines are compiled and analyzed to give indications of thrust, torque, power, effective tool forces, nominal thrust pressure, power density, and specific energy.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Tool forces Parallel motion tools Indentation tools Head thrust, thrust per unit width, and nominal head pressure Power and power density Torque Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power requirements for clearance of cuttings Minimum power requirements for lifting cuttings in a vertical hole Power consumption and efficiency in continuous-flight augers Air circulation Mud circulation Literature cited Appendix A: Vertical conveyance by continuous-fiight augers Appendix B: Surface areas on a helical flight and its stem
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  • 93
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/3
    In: CRREL Report, 82-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The conditions that lead to initial breakup of a solid ice on a river due to rapid water level variations are analyzed. The analysis is based on the theory of beams on an elastic foundation. First cracking is assumed to occur when the bending moment induced in the ice cover by the wave exceeds the flexural strength of the ice cover.
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    Pages: iv, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Symbols Introduction Purpose of the study Stating the problem Fracturing of the ice cover due to the passage of surge waves Basic assumptions Derivation of the bending moments Determination of the wave characteristics Deflection of the ice Discussion and field observations Summary Literature cited
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  • 94
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/27
    In: CRREL Report, 81-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Existing classifications for deposits in the glacial environment are inadequate and inconsistent. Deposits should be classified both descriptively and genetically; adequate descriptive classifications already exist. A major problem for previous genetic classifications has been that glacial deposition and the resulting deposits' properties were poorly understood. On the basis of three criteria-sediment source, uniqueness to the glacial environment, and preservation of glacier-derived properties-deposits in the glacial environment result from either of two groups of processes: primary or secondary. Primary processes release the debris of the glacier directly and form deposits that may bear properties related to the glacier and its mechanics. Their deposits are classified genetically as till and are the only deposits indicative of glaciation. In contrast, secondary processes mobilize, rework, transport and resediment debris and deposits in the glacial environment. They develop new, nonglacial properties in their deposits, while destroying or substantially modifying glacier-derived properties. Interpretation of their properties may provide information on the depositional are classified genetically according to the depositional process just as they are in other sedimentary environments. This genetic classification differs from previous classifications in that not all diamictons deposited in the glacial environment are classified as till; it is based strictly on process-related criteria. The origin of properties of glacial deposits in relation to the glacier's mechanics and environment must be recognized if the mechanisms and depositional processes of former glaciers are to be precisely understood.
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    Pages: iii, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Criteria for process grouping Depositional processes Deposit groups-tills and nontills Comparison of melt-out and sediment flow Melt-out Sediment flow Classification of glacial deposits Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 95
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/6
    In: CRREL Report, 82-6
    Description / Table of Contents: The interpretation of continuous radar profiles requires an alternative geophysical means of obtaining ground dielectric information. Ground dielectric properties were measured using wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) soundings with a ground-probing radar set that transmits pulses f a few nanoseconds duration. The investigations, carried out over sandy gravel in interior Alaska, provided dielectric data to about a 5-m depth. The WARR soundings were displayed as individual traces allowing interference between separate events and dispersion to be observed, and the soundings were compared with continuous radar and resistivity profiles conducted concurrently to extract the maximum amount of dielectric information. The dielectric constants, derived mainly from the direct ground waves propagating along the surface, ranged from 2.9 to 7.4. Dielectric values interpreted for one site predicted the possibility of a refracted event which may have occurred during one of the soundings.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory of ground wave propagation from a horizontal electric dipole Equipment and methods Results Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited
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  • 96
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    Call number: ZSP-201-81/10
    In: CRREL Report, 81-10
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This treatise thoroughly reviews the subjects of density, thermal expansion and compressibility of ice; snow density change attributed to destructive, constructive and melt metamorphism; and the physics of regelation and the effects on penetration rate of both the thermal properties of the wire and stress level. Heat capacity, latent heat of fusion and thermal conductivity of ice and snow over a wide range of temperatures were analyzed with regression techniques. In the case of snow, the effect of density was also evaluated. The contribution of vapor diffusion to heat transfer through snow under both natural and forced convective conditions was assessed. Expressions representing specific and latent heat of sea ice in terms of sea ice salinity and temperature were given. Theoretical models were given that can predict the thermal conductivities of fresh bubbly ice and sea ice in terms of salinity, temperature and fractional air content.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Density, thermal expansion and compressibility of ice Density Thermal expansion Compressibility Density changes in snow Compaction Destructive metamorphism Constructive metamorphism Melt metamorphism Regelation Thermal properties of snow and fresh-water ice Heat capacity of snow and ice Latent heat Thermal conductivity of ice Thermal conductivity of snow Effective thermal diffusivity Heat transfer by water vapor diffusion in snow Heat and vapor transfer with forced convection Thermal properties of sea ice Specific heat of sea ice Heat of fusion of sea ice when 0° 〉 θ 〉 -8.2°C Density and thermal conductivity of sea ice Composition and air bubble content of sea ice above -8.2°C Thermal conductivity model for sea ice Thermal diffusivity of sea ice Method of determining thermal diffusivity Summary Literature cited
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  • 97
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/5
    In: CRREL Report, 82-5
    Description / Table of Contents: The problem of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a homogeneous snow layer, with one side kept at its initial temperature and the other side with a step temperature increase, was solved for the case of constant through-flow conditions. An experimentally determined effective thermal conductivity function, i.e. Ke = 0.0014 + 0.58 G (where G is dry mass flow rate of air in g/sq cm-s), was employed in the solution. The computed nondimensional temperature distribution agreed quite well with experimental data taken under pseudo-steady state conditions with the exception of the temperature for the lowest flow rate used in the experiment. The pronounced nonlinearity of the temperature distribution was found to be a strong function of the flow rate. For sinusoidal variation of atmospheric pressure, the responding flow in the snow medium was also found to be sinusoidal. In conjunction with the diurnal temperature change, this variation facilitated the process of repeated sublimation and condensation in alternate directions and thereby produced a surface layer of approximately constant snow density.
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    Pages: v, 10 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-5
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/34
    In: CRREL Report, 82-34
    Description / Table of Contents: The ice discharge through an opening in an ice control structure was documented to be a function of the floe size, ice type, ice floe conditions and vessel direction. The model data for the average ice discharge per vessel transit scaled to prototype values compared favorably with data taken at the St. Marys River ice control structure (ICS). The model results of the force measurements were also consistent with data taken at the St. Marys ICS. The dynamic loading conditions were independent of vessel direction. The dynamic loading to the structure using 3 types of ice (plastic, natural and urea-doped) showed a considerable difference in their means and standard deviations. The urea-doped ice was evaluated for dynamic loading conditions, and reasonable peak values of 3 to 5 times the mean load at each measuring position were recorded, independent of vessel direction. It appears that synthetic random ice floes may be used in model studies where ice discharge through an opening in a structure needs to be documented. This study shows the synthetic random ice floe discharge to fall reasonably within the values obtained for natural ice discharge for both rafted and non-rafted ice fields above the ICS. However, the question of whether synthetic ice can be used for analyzing force distributions and dynamic force loading criteria cannot be fully answered at this time because the load distributions of the synthetic and natural floes appear to differ.
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    Pages: 68 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-34
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Scope of work Ice discharge from Lake Huron into St. Clair River Water velocity profiles at Port Huron Ice conditions Physical model Basis for selection Description Instrumentation Model ice control structure Open water calibration Open water tests Experimental procedures and techniques Ice cover calibration Ice control structure orientation Analysis of ice discharge due to ship transits Natural ice Synthetic ice Forces on the ice control structure Static measurements Dynamic force measurements Potential additional shear stresses Anticipated ice conditions with ICS Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Application of model results Appendix B. Suggested additional studies Appendix C. Derivation of ice discharge
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  • 99
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/22
    In: CRREL Report, 83-22
    Description / Table of Contents: A new experimental method for measuring the soil-water diffusivity of frozen soil under isothermal conditions is introduced. The theoretical justification of the method is presented and the feasibility of the method is demonstrated by experiments conducted using marine-deposited clay. The measured values of the soil-water diffusivity are found comparable to reported experimental data.
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    Pages: 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-22
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Call number: ZSP-201-83/23
    In: CRREL Report, 83-23
    Description / Table of Contents: The problems associated with measuring stresses in ice are reviewed. Theory and laboratory test results are then presented for a stiff cylindrical sensor made of steel that is designed to measure ice stresses in a biaxial stress field. Loading tests on freshwater and saline ice blocks containing the biaxial ice stress sensor indicate that the sensor has a resolution of 20 kPa and an accuracy of better than 15% under a variety of uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. Principal stress directions can also be determined within 5 degrees. The biaxial ice stress sensor is not significantly affected by variations in the ice elastic modulus, ice creep or differential thermal expansion between the ice and gauge. The sensor also has a low temperature sensitivity (5 kPa/deg C).
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    Pages: 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Stress measurements Design considerations Stress sensors Biaxial ice stress sensor Biaxial stress sensor theory Gauge deformation Stresses associated with cylindrical sensors Determination of ice stresses Gauge calibration Evaluation of the biaxial ice stress sensor Temperature sensitivity Biaxial loading test equipment Biaxial loading test results Differential thermal expansion Long-term drift Discussion of test results Conclusions Literature cited
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