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  • Articles  (155)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (155)
  • Research Support as Topic  (88)
  • Protein Conformation
  • 2000-2004  (155)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2001  (155)
Collection
  • Articles  (155)
Source
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (155)
Keywords
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  • 2000-2004  (155)
  • 1935-1939
Year
Journal
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  • 1
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    Malaria researchers wait for industry to join fight (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1956-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antimalarials/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; *Drug Design ; *Drug Industry/economics ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Malaria/*drug therapy ; Patents as Topic ; Plasmodium/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Research Support as Topic ; Taxes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Population genetics. Estonia prepares for national DNA database (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Dna ; *Databases, Factual ; Estonia ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Intellectual Property ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Pilot Projects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Science policy. Clinton's science legacy: ending on a high note (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Once perceived to be at best ambivalent about science policy, President Bill Clinton is now credited with steering the U.S. government's $80-billion-plus R&D enterprise through one of its most perilous and productive decades. Along the way, supporters say, Clinton and his science-savvy vice president, Al Gore, have won respect from researchers. Although the reviews are not uniformly good, even critics agree that Clinton's term is ending on a much higher note for science than what many initially expected from the former Arkansas governor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2234-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Government Agencies/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Unfolding pathways of individual bacteriorhodopsins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Atomic force microscopy and single-molecule force spectroscopy were combined to image and manipulate purple membrane patches from Halobacterium salinarum. Individual bacteriorhodopsin molecules were first localized and then extracted from the membrane; the remaining vacancies were imaged again. Anchoring forces between 100 and 200 piconewtons for the different helices were found. Upon extraction, the helices were found to unfold. The force spectra revealed the individuality of the unfolding pathways. Helices G and F as well as helices E and D always unfolded pairwise, whereas helices B and C occasionally unfolded one after the other. Experiments with cleaved loops revealed the origin of the individuality: stabilization of helix B by neighboring helices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oesterhelt, F -- Oesterhelt, D -- Pfeiffer, M -- Engel, A -- Gaub, H E -- Muller, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):143-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CeNS and Lehrstuhl fur angewandte Physik, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/genetics ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Halobacterium salinarum/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Purple Membrane/*chemistry ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Inadvertently crossing the germ line (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parens, E -- Juengst, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; Cytoplasm/*transplantation ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; Female ; Financing, Government ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Research ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *Ovum ; Public Policy ; *Reproductive Techniques ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Drug patents. Universities, NIH hear the price isn't right on essential drugs (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):614-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents ; Developing Countries ; Drug Costs ; Drug Industry ; *Drugs, Essential/economics ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Structural genomics offers high-speed look at proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1954-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Biotechnology ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drug Design ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Private Sector ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Proteome ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Active disruption of an RNA-protein interaction by a DExH/D RNA helicase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: All aspects of cellular RNA metabolism and the replication of many viruses require DExH/D proteins that manipulate RNA in a manner that requires nucleoside triphosphates. Although DExH/D proteins have been shown to unwind purified RNA duplexes, most RNA molecules in the cellular environment are complexed with proteins. It has therefore been speculated that DExH/D proteins may also affect RNA-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the DExH protein NPH-II from vaccinia virus can displace the protein U1A from RNA in an active adenosine triphosphate-dependent fashion. NPH-II increases the rate of U1A dissociation by more than three orders of magnitude while retaining helicase processivity. This indicates that DExH/D proteins can effectively catalyze protein displacement from RNA and thereby participate in the structural reorganization of ribonucleoprotein assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jankowsky, E -- Gross, C H -- Shuman, S -- Pyle, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleoside-Triphosphatase ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Helicases/chemistry/*metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/*metabolism
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  • 9
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    Structural basis of transcription: RNA polymerase II at 2.8 angstrom resolution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: Structures of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II have been derived from two crystal forms at 2.8 and 3.1 angstrom resolution. Comparison of the structures reveals a division of the polymerase into four mobile modules, including a clamp, shown previously to swing over the active center. In the 2.8 angstrom structure, the clamp is in an open state, allowing entry of straight promoter DNA for the initiation of transcription. Three loops extending from the clamp may play roles in RNA unwinding and DNA rewinding during transcription. A 2.8 angstrom difference Fourier map reveals two metal ions at the active site, one persistently bound and the other possibly exchangeable during RNA synthesis. The results also provide evidence for RNA exit in the vicinity of the carboxyl-terminal repeat domain, coupling synthesis to RNA processing by enzymes bound to this domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cramer, P -- Bushnell, D A -- Kornberg, R D -- GM49985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1863-76. Epub 2001 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Impact of polymer tether length on multiple ligand-receptor bond formation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: The promoters of cell adhesion are ligands, which are often attached to flexible tethers that bind to surface receptors on adjacent cells. Using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, diffusion reaction theory, and direct experiments (surface force measurements) of the biotin-streptavidin system, we have quantified polymer chain dynamics and the kinetics and spatial range of tethered ligand-receptor binding. The results show that the efficiency of strong binding does not depend solely on the molecular architecture or binding energy of the receptor-ligand pair, nor on the equilibrium configuration of the polymer tether, but rather on its "rare" extended conformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeppesen, C -- Wong, J Y -- Kuhl, T L -- Israelachvili, J N -- Mullah, N -- Zalipsky, S -- Marques, C M -- GM-17876/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-47334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):465-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chemistry, Physical ; Diffusion ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Mathematics ; Monte Carlo Method ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Streptavidin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Interaction of the response regulator ARR4 with phytochrome B in modulating red light signaling (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: The Arabidopsis thaliana response regulator 4, expressed in response to phytochrome B action, specifically interacts with the extreme amino-terminus of the photoreceptor. The response regulator 4 stabilizes the active Pfr form of phytochrome B in yeast and in planta, thus elevates the level of the active photoreceptor in vivo. Accordingly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the response regulator 4 display hypersensitivity to red light but not to light of other wavelengths. We propose that the response regulator 4 acts as an output element of a two-component system that modulates red light signaling on the level of the phytochrome B photoreceptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sweere, U -- Eichenberg, K -- Lohrmann, J -- Mira-Rodado, V -- Baurle, I -- Kudla, J -- Nagy, F -- Schafer, E -- Harter, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biologie II / Botanik, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Darkness ; Genes, Plant ; *Light ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; Phytochrome/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phytochrome B ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
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  • 12
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    Ribosome structure. The ribosome in action (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahlberg, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):868-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. albert_dahlberg@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anticodon ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Frontiers of aging (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Publishing ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic
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  • 14
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    Virology. The origin and control of pandemic influenza (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laver, G -- Garman, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1776-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian National University, Canberra 2601, ACT, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Chickens/*virology ; Drug Industry/methods ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Guanidines ; HN Protein/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*enzymology/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis/economics/immunology ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Pyrans ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/enzymology/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Sialic Acids/therapeutic use ; Zanamivir
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  • 15
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    Formation of neurofibrillary tangles in P301l tau transgenic mice induced by Abeta 42 fibrils (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the defining neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, but their pathophysiological relation is unclear. Injection of beta-amyloid Abeta42 fibrils into the brains of P301L mutant tau transgenic mice caused fivefold increases in the numbers of NFTs in cell bodies within the amygdala from where neurons project to the injection sites. Gallyas silver impregnation identified NFTs that contained tau phosphorylated at serine 212/threonine 214 and serine 422. NFTs were composed of twisted filaments and occurred in 6-month-old mice as early as 18 days after Abeta42 injections. Our data support the hypothesis that Abeta42 fibrils can accelerate NFT formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gotz, J -- Chen, F -- van Dorpe, J -- Nitsch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1491-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, August Forel Strasse 1, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. goetz@bli.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amygdala/*pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*pathology ; Epitopes ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mutation ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/*metabolism/pathology ; Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plaque, Amyloid/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms ; Sex Characteristics ; tau Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    X-ray crystallography. Transcription enzyme structure solved (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):411-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/*enzymology
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  • 17
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    Drug pricing. NIH report knocks tax on blockbusters (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Costs ; Drug Design ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Patents as Topic ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*economics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Taxes ; United States
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    An experiment for all seasons (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):624-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Government Agencies ; International Cooperation ; Internet ; Plants ; Research Support as Topic ; Software ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Weather
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  • 19
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    Structural biology. Actin' up (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De La Cruz, E M -- Pollard, T D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; *Contractile Proteins ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrolysis ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Profilins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Rhodamines/metabolism ; Thymosin/metabolism
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  • 20
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    Essays on science and society. Morals and primordials (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guenin, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1659-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; Catholicism ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Morals ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Philosophy ; Public Policy ; Religion and Science ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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  • 21
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    Space station science. Congress orders halt to planned NASA cuts (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):408.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; Budgets ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; International Cooperation ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Spacecraft/*economics ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*economics
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  • 22
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    Divining a forest's future from its past (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):626.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Disasters ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; Massachusetts ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors ; *Trees
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  • 23
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    Structural biology. Brazil network sees the light (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vieira, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Molecular Biology ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Research Support as Topic ; Synchrotrons
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  • 24
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    AIDS research. HIV inhibitor blocks virus from cell (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Drug Design ; HIV/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Membrane Fusion ; *Peptides ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding
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  • 25
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    Sequence interpretation. Functional annotation of mouse genome sequences (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nadeau, J H -- Balling, R -- Barsh, G -- Beier, D -- Brown, S D -- Bucan, M -- Camper, S -- Carlson, G -- Copeland, N -- Eppig, J -- Fletcher, C -- Frankel, W N -- Ganten, D -- Goldowitz, D -- Goodnow, C -- Guenet, J L -- Hicks, G -- Hrabe de Angelis, M -- Jackson, I -- Jacob, H J -- Jenkins, N -- Johnson, D -- Justice, M -- Kay, S -- Kingsley, D -- Lehrach, H -- Magnuson, T -- Meisler, M -- Poustka, A -- Rinchik, E M -- Rossant, J -- Russell, L B -- Schimenti, J -- Shiroishi, T -- Skarnes, W C -- Soriano, P -- Stanford, W -- Takahashi, J S -- Wurst, W -- Zimmer, A -- International Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1251-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, BRB 624, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. jhn4@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Computational Biology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Genes/physiology ; Genetic Techniques ; *Genome ; *Genomics ; International Cooperation ; Mice/*genetics ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 26
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    Structural basis for selective recognition of oligosaccharides by DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: Dendritic cell specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin present on the surface of dendritic cells, mediates the initial interaction of dendritic cells with T cells by binding to ICAM-3. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, a related receptor found on the endothelium of liver sinusoids, placental capillaries, and lymph nodes, bind to oligosaccharides that are present on the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an interaction that strongly promotes viral infection of T cells. Crystal structures of carbohydrate-recognition domains of DC-SIGN and of DC-SIGNR bound to oligosaccharide, in combination with binding studies, reveal that these receptors selectively recognize endogenous high-mannose oligosaccharides and may represent a new avenue for developing HIV prophylactics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinberg, H -- Mitchell, D A -- Drickamer, K -- Weis, W I -- GM50565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2163-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Collectins ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lectins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Mannose/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Chemistry. Nota bene: know thine enemy (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigens, Bacterial ; *Bacillus anthracis ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endocytosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Macrophages/metabolism/microbiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 28
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    Crystal structure of an initiation factor bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: Initiation of translation at the correct position on messenger RNA is essential for accurate protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, this process requires three initiation factors: IF1, IF2, and IF3. Here we report the crystal structure of a complex of IF1 and the 30S ribosomal subunit. Binding of IF1 occludes the ribosomal A site and flips out the functionally important bases A1492 and A1493 from helix 44 of 16S RNA, burying them in pockets in IF1. The binding of IF1 causes long-range changes in the conformation of H44 and leads to movement of the domains of 30S with respect to each other. The structure explains how localized changes at the ribosomal A site lead to global alterations in the conformation of the 30S subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, A P -- Clemons, W M Jr -- Brodersen, D E -- Morgan-Warren, R J -- Hartsch, T -- Wimberly, B T -- Ramakrishnan, V -- GM 44973/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-1/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Thermus thermophilus/*chemistry
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  • 29
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    Structure of a Bag/Hsc70 complex: convergent functional evolution of Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-27
    Description: Bag (Bcl2-associated athanogene) domains occur in a class of cofactors of the eukaryotic chaperone 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. Binding of the Bag domain to the Hsp70 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain promotes adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent release of substrate from Hsp70 in vitro. In a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of a complex with the ATPase of the 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70), the Bag domain forms a three-helix bundle, inducing a conformational switch in the ATPase that is incompatible with nucleotide binding. The same switch is observed in the bacterial Hsp70 homolog DnaK upon binding of the structurally unrelated nucleotide exchange factor GrpE. Thus, functional convergence has allowed proteins with different architectures to trigger a conserved conformational shift in Hsp70 that leads to nucleotide exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sondermann, H -- Scheufler, C -- Schneider, C -- Hohfeld, J -- Hartl, F U -- Moarefi, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1553-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11222862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Evolution, Molecular ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcription Factors
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  • 30
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    Structural biology. A marvellous machine for making messages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klug, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1844-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factors/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 31
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    Breakthrough of the year. The year of living dangerously (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthrax ; Bioterrorism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Publishing ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Terrorism ; United States
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  • 32
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    Physiology. A one-domain voltage-gated sodium channel in bacteria (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catterall, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wcatt@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus/*chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Transport ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; Sodium Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Static Electricity
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  • 33
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    Crystal structure of the free radical intermediate of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: In anaerobic organisms, the decarboxylation of pyruvate, a crucial component of intermediary metabolism, is catalyzed by the metalloenzyme pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) resulting in the generation of low potential electrons and the subsequent acetylation of coenzyme A (CoA). PFOR is the only enzyme for which a stable acetyl thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-based free radical reaction intermediate has been identified. The 1.87 A-resolution structure of the radical form of PFOR from Desulfovibrio africanus shows that, despite currently accepted ideas, the thiazole ring of the ThDP cofactor is markedly bent, indicating a drastic reduction of its aromaticity. In addition, the bond connecting the acetyl group to ThDP is unusually long, probably of the one-electron type already described for several cation radicals but not yet found in a biological system. Taken together, our data, along with evidence from the literature, suggest that acetyl-CoA synthesis by PFOR proceeds via a condensation mechanism involving acetyl (PFOR-based) and thiyl (CoA-based) radicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabriere, E -- Vernede, X -- Guigliarelli, B -- Charon, M H -- Hatchikian, E C -- Fontecilla-Camps, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2559-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Cristallogenese des Proteines, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Universite Joseph Fourier, CNRS, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Coenzymes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desulfovibrio/*enzymology ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Free Radicals/chemistry/metabolism ; Ketone Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Pyruvate Synthase ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 34
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    On the dynamic origins of allosteric activation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wand, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. wand@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; *Bacterial Proteins ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Motion ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Thermodynamics ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    National astronomical observatories in China (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ai, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; China ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Publishing ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical philanthropy. Klausner makes case for new foundation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/*organization & administration ; Computational Biology ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration ; Neoplasms ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Polygraph screening. Panel seeks truth in lie detector debate (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; *Deception ; Fear ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Lasers ; *Lie Detection ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Support as Topic ; Thermography ; United States ; Voice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Bioinformatics. Petition seeks public sharing of code (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computational Biology ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic ; *Software ; Technology Transfer ; United States
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    Scientific misconduct. Wellcome rules widen the net (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Charities ; *Foundations ; Great Britain ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Research Support as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Truth Disclosure ; United States ; Universities
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    Jewels in the crown III. Tropical research center (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Animals ; *Biological Science Disciplines/economics/organization & administration ; Cnidaria ; Ecosystem ; Research Support as Topic ; Tropical Climate
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    Japan. Summit seeks boost for life sciences (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):763-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Biotechnology ; Financing, Government ; Japan ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic
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    Protein design of an HIV-1 entry inhibitor (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-07
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) membrane fusion is promoted by the formation of a trimer-of-hairpins structure that brings the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the gp41 envelope glycoprotein ectodomain into close proximity. Peptides derived from the carboxyl-terminal region (called C-peptides) potently inhibit HIV-1 entry by binding to the gp41 amino-terminal region. To test the converse of this inhibitory strategy, we designed a small protein, denoted 5-Helix, that binds the C-peptide region of gp41. The 5-Helix protein displays potent (nanomolar) inhibitory activity against diverse HIV-1 variants and may serve as the basis for a new class of antiviral agents. The inhibitory activity of 5-Helix also suggests a strategy for generating an HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response that targets the carboxyl-terminal region of the gp41 ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Root, M J -- Kay, M S -- Kim, P S -- P01 GM56552/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):884-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. kimadmin@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry/immunology/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; *Drug Design ; Giant Cells/drug effects ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion/*drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; *Peptides ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Counterterrorism. U.S. science agencies begin to lend a hand (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- Koenig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):761-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; *Government Agencies ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Terrorism ; United States
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    Antibody catalysis of the oxidation of water (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Recently we reported that antibodies can generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). We now show that this process is catalytic, and we identify the electron source for a quasi-unlimited generation of H2O2. Antibodies produce up to 500 mole equivalents of H2O2 from 1O2*, without a reduction in rate, and we have excluded metals or Cl- as the electron source. On the basis of isotope incorporation experiments and kinetic data, we propose that antibodies use H2O as an electron source, facilitating its addition to 1O2* to form H2O3 as the first intermediate in a reaction cascade that eventually leads to H2O2. X-ray crystallographic studies with xenon point to putative conserved oxygen binding sites within the antibody fold where this chemistry could be initiated. Our findings suggest a protective function of immunoglobulins against 1O2* and raise the question of whether the need to detoxify 1O2* has played a decisive role in the evolution of the immunoglobulin fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wentworth , P Jr -- Jones, L H -- Wentworth, A D -- Zhu, X -- Larsen, N A -- Wilson, I A -- Xu, X -- Goddard , W A 3rd -- Janda, K D -- Eschenmoser, A -- Lerner, R A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 36385/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1806-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidants/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Singlet Oxygen ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Thermodynamics ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Water/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Xenon/metabolism
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    Space research. ESA embraces astrobiology (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavaghan, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1626-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Europe ; European Union ; *Exobiology ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Space Flight
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    Egyptian science. A biotech gambit in the desert (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biotechnology ; Egypt ; Financing, Government ; Genetic Engineering ; Laboratories ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Universities
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    Demography. An island of 'genetic parks' (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Italy ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Research Support as Topic
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    Lobbying. Tools of the trade (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Lobbying ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Lobbying. Perfecting the art of the science deal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):830-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Budgets ; *Lobbying ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Societies, Scientific ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Universities
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    Careers. Competition and careers in biosciences (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, R -- Weinstein, E -- Marincola, E -- Rosenbaum, J -- Solomon, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2293-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. freeman@nber.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines/economics/education ; *Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Competitive Behavior ; Education, Graduate ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Publishing ; *Research Personnel/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; Universities
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    U.S. science budget. For all but NIH, the devil is indeed in the details (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Government Agencies/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/economics ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    Structure. An anthropomorphic integrin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, M J -- Mould, A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):316-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. martin.humphries@man.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Ligands ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Receptors, Vitronectin/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Genomics. Chimp sequencing crawls forward (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2297.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Far East ; *Genome ; *Genomics ; Germany ; *International Cooperation ; Japan ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Research kicks into high gear after a long, uphill struggle (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):237-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; China ; *Paleontology/economics/education/organization & administration ; Publishing ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
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    Structure of an extracellular gp130 cytokine receptor signaling complex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: The activation of gp130, a shared signal-transducing receptor for a family of cytokines, is initiated by recognition of ligand followed by oligomerization into a higher order signaling complex. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a functional homolog of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) that activates human gp130. In the 2.4 angstrom crystal structure of the extracellular signaling assembly between viral IL-6 and human gp130, two complexes are cross-linked into a tetramer through direct interactions between the immunoglobulin domain of gp130 and site III of viral IL-6, which is necessary for receptor activation. Unlike human IL-6 (which uses many hydrophilic residues), the viral cytokine largely uses hydrophobic amino acids to contact gp130, which enhances the complementarity of the viral IL-6-gp130 binding interfaces. The cross-reactivity of gp130 is apparently due to a chemical plasticity evident in the amphipathic gp130 cytokine-binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chow , D -- He , X -- Snow, A L -- Rose-John, S -- Garcia, K C -- R01-AI-48540-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2150-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Interleukin-6/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Mimicry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism
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    Ethics. Epidemiologists wary of opening up their data (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethics ; Confidentiality ; Databases, Factual ; *Epidemiology ; Humans ; Information Management/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Informed Consent ; *Intellectual Property ; Internet ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genome sequencing. Talks of public-private deal end in acrimony (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1723-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Databases, Factual ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Dissent and Disputes ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; Genome, Human ; Group Processes ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; *Private Sector ; *Public Sector ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Plant genomics. Arabidopsis comes of age (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):32-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/physiology ; DNA, Plant ; Europe ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; International Cooperation ; Mutation ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Academic research. California sets up three new institutes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Three University of California campuses were chosen last week as sites for a new $900 million program designed to keep the state a world leader in research and to bolster its economy. Each of the three schools will receive $25 million a year for 4 years from the state, with companies and other sources putting up at least twice that amount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2052.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; Biotechnology ; California ; Information Science ; Research Support as Topic ; Telecommunications ; *Universities/economics/organization & administration
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    NIH. Higher profile for minority health (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: For years, some biomedical groups and health activists have pushed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to devote more attention to factors affecting the health of U.S. minorities. Last week, President Bill Clinton signed into law a measure that elevates NIH's office of minority health to the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities. The move comes with the promise of a bigger budget and greater autonomy to pursue studies on why blacks, Hispanics, and other groups suffer disproportionately high rates of diseases such as heart disease, prostate cancer, and diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1667-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11186379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Health ; Humans ; *Minority Groups ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Microbiology. Action at a distance--bacterial flagellar assembly (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: The rotating motion of a helical flagellum enables a bacterium to swim toward positive stimuli and away from danger. But how is the flagellum, composed of many different proteins, assembled? In a Perspective, Macnab explains how subunits of the protein flagellin flow down a channel inside the flagellum and are then added to its tip through the action of a rotating pentameric cap complex (Yonekura et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macnab, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2086-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. robert.macnab@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Diffusion ; Flagella/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Flagellin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Motility powered by supramolecular springs and ratchets (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Not all biological movements are caused by molecular motors sliding along filaments or tubules. Just as springs and ratchets can store or release energy and rectify motion in physical systems, their analogs can perform similar functions in biological systems. The energy of biological springs is derived from hydrolysis of a nucleotide or the binding of a ligand, whereas biological ratchets are powered by Brownian movements of polymerizing filaments. However, the viscous and fluctuating cellular environment and the mechanochemistry of soft biological systems constrain the modes of motion generated and the mechanisms for energy storage, control, and release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):95-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Calcium/metabolism ; Contractile Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Fertilization ; Ligands ; Movement/*physiology ; Organelles/*physiology ; Protein Conformation
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    2001 spending. NIH gets $2.5 billion more as Congress wraps up budget (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Last week, the U.S. Congress approved a 14.2% increase for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to a record $20.3 billion, keeping the agency on track to double its budget by 2003. The 15 December vote essentially upheld a funding deal that lawmakers had sealed on 29 October with a red wine toast, overcoming last-minute opposition from fiscal conservatives who sought to freeze budgets at existing levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Government ; Government Agencies/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    The way things move: looking under the hood of molecular motor proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate motions associated with intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. Early studies suggested that these molecular motors work by very different mechanisms. Recently, however, it has become clear that kinesin and myosin share a common core structure and convert energy from adenosine triphosphate into protein motion using a similar conformational change strategy. Many different types of mechanical amplifiers have evolved that operate in conjunction with the conserved core. This modular design has given rise to a remarkable diversity of kinesin and myosin motors whose motile properties are optimized for performing distinct biological functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vale, R D -- Milligan, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):88-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. vale@phy.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Kinesin/chemistry/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    African research. Against all odds, victories from the front lines (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: In one of the world's poorest countries, a team of Malian and American researchers who have been monitoring malaria here since 1997 are attacking malaria both in the lab and in the clinic. The Bandiagara Malaria Project is also laying the groundwork for future trials of a hoped-for vaccine. The researchers' presence has already had a measurable effect: In the past few years, malaria deaths have been rare.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Informed Consent ; Internet ; Laboratories ; *Malaria/genetics/immunology/mortality/transmission ; Mali ; *Research ; Research Personnel/education ; Research Support as Topic ; Telephone
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    Crystal structure of an early protein-RNA assembly complex of the signal recognition particle (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-20
    Description: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to cellular membranes. A crucial early step in SRP assembly in archaea and eukarya is the binding of protein SRP19 to specific sites on SRP RNA. Here we report the 1.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human SRP19 in complex with its primary binding site on helix 6 of SRP RNA, which consists of a stem-loop structure closed by an unusual GGAG tetraloop. Protein-RNA interactions are mediated by the specific recognition of a widened major groove and the tetraloop without any direct protein-base contacts and include a complex network of highly ordered water molecules. A model of the assembly of the SRP core comprising SRP19, SRP54, and SRP RNA based on crystallographic and biochemical data is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wild, K -- Sinning, I -- Cusack, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):598-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemie-Zentrum (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. klemens.wild@bzh.uni-heidelberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/metabolism ; Water/chemistry
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    The crystal structure of uncomplexed actin in the ADP state (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: The dynamics and polarity of actin filaments are controlled by a conformational change coupled to the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated. Actin modified to block polymerization was crystallized in the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) state, and the structure was solved to 1.54 angstrom resolution. Compared with previous ATP-actin structures from complexes with deoxyribonuclease I, profilin, and gelsolin, monomeric ADP-actin is characterized by a marked conformational change in subdomain 2. The successful crystallization of monomeric actin opens the way to future structure determinations of actin complexes with actin-binding proteins such as myosin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otterbein, L R -- Graceffa, P -- Dominguez, R -- P01 AR41637/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046524/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR46524/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RR07707/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston Biomedical Research Institute, 64 Grove Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rhodamines/metabolism
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    Harvard disappearance. Lab's fate uncertain as search continues (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewolb, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2265-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; Biochemistry/history ; History, 21st Century ; Massachusetts ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Universities
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    Infectious disease. Medical helminthology in the 21st century (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colley, D G -- LoVerde, P T -- Savioli, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Parasitic Diseases, NCID/CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Dcolley@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthelmintics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Resistance ; Global Health ; *Helminthiasis/drug therapy/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control ; *Helminths/drug effects/pathogenicity/physiology ; Humans ; Parasitology/education/manpower ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Virology. Sublimating egos for a common goal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1687.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/genetics ; Gene Products, tat/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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    Role of the ENTH domain in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding and endocytosis (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Endocytic proteins such as epsin, AP180, and Hip1R (Sla2p) share a conserved modular region termed the epsin NH2-terminal homology (ENTH) domain, which plays a crucial role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis through an unknown target. Here, we demonstrate a strong affinity of the ENTH domain for phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. With nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the epsin ENTH domain, we determined that a cleft formed with positively charged residues contributed to phosphoinositide binding. Overexpression of a mutant, epsin Lys76 --〉 Ala76, with an ENTH domain defective in phosphoinositide binding, blocked epidermal growth factor internalization in COS-7 cells. Thus, interaction between the ENTH domain and PtdIns(4,5)P2 is essential for endocytosis mediated by clathrin-coated pits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, T -- Koshiba, S -- Kigawa, T -- Kikuchi, A -- Yokoyama, S -- Takenawa, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1047-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Neuropeptides/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins ; Zinc Fingers
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    The postgenomic era. Windfall for European data bank (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology/*economics ; Databases as Topic/*economics ; Europe ; European Union ; *Financing, Organized ; *Genome ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteome/chemistry/metabolism
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    Proteomics. Rockefeller's star lured to San Diego company (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biotechnology/history ; Computers ; Conflict of Interest ; *Crystallography, X-Ray/history ; Databases, Protein ; Drug Design ; Financing, Government ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Private Sector ; *Proteome ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Universities
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    Animal care. Coulston loses NIH tie, faces hard times (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewolb, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Contract Services ; Financing, Government ; Foundations/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; New Mexico ; *Pan troglodytes ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Clinical research. Shutdown at Hopkins sparks a debate (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Baltimore ; Bioethics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Professional Staff Committees ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; *Universities
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    Australia: investing in innovation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cory, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; *Biotechnology ; Government ; Investments ; Politics ; Public Policy ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Technology
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    Human subjects. Volunteer's death prompts review (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2226-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Baltimore ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Hexamethonium/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Lung/physiology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Subjects ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Swedish bioscience. Karolinska Inc (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- Frank, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2374-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/history/organization & administration ; Biotechnology ; Career Mobility ; Conflict of Interest ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Financing, Government ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Nobel Prize ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Sweden
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structural mechanism of endosome docking by the FYVE domain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-07
    Description: The recruitment of trafficking and signaling proteins to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] is mediated by FYVE domains. Here, the solution structure of the FYVE domain of the early endosome antigen 1 protein (EEA1) in the free state was compared with the structures of the domain complexed with PtdIns(3)P and mixed micelles. The multistep binding mechanism involved nonspecific insertion of a hydrophobic loop into the lipid bilayer, positioning and activating the binding pocket. Ligation of PtdIns(3)P then induced a global structural change, drawing the protein termini over the bound phosphoinositide by extension of a hinge. Specific recognition of the 3-phosphate was determined indirectly and directly by two clusters of conserved arginines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutateladze, T -- Overduin, M -- CA85716/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1793-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. tatiana.kutateladze@uchsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Micelles ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    The future of NIH. Who will be custodian of the crown jewels? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):1988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration/trends ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Stem Cells ; United States
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    Structure of complement receptor 2 in complex with its C3d ligand (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is an important receptor that amplifies B lymphocyte activation by bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. CR2 ligands include complement C3d and Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 350/220. We describe the x-ray structure of this CR2 domain in complex with C3d at 2.0 angstroms. The structure reveals extensive main chain interactions between C3d and only one short consensus repeat (SCR) of CR2 and substantial SCR side-side packing. These results provide a detailed understanding of receptor-ligand interactions in this protein family and reveal potential target sites for molecular drug design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szakonyi, G -- Guthridge, J M -- Li, D -- Young, K -- Holers, V M -- Chen, X S -- R0-1 CA53615/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1725-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Complement C3d/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Complement 3d/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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    Allosteric control of RNA polymerase by a site that contacts nascent RNA hairpins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: DNA, RNA, and regulatory molecules control gene expression through interactions with RNA polymerase (RNAP). We show that a short alpha helix at the tip of the flaplike domain that covers the RNA exit channel of RNAP contacts a nascent RNA stem-loop structure (hairpin) that inhibits transcription, and that this flap-tip helix is required for activity of the regulatory protein NusA. Protein-RNA cross-linking, molecular modeling, and effects of alterations in RNAP and RNA all suggest that a tripartite interaction of RNAP, NusA, and the hairpin inhibits nucleotide addition in the active site, which is located 65 angstroms away. These findings favor an allosteric model for regulation of transcript elongation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toulokhonov, I -- Artsimovitch, I -- Landick, R -- GM38660/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):730-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; *Peptide Elongation Factors ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors
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    Photosynthesis. Splitting water (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dismukes, G C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dismukes@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Catalysis ; Chlorophyll/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanobacteria/*chemistry/metabolism ; Electrons ; Macromolecular Substances ; Manganese/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Subunits ; Tyrosine/chemistry ; Water/*metabolism
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    Proteomics. High-speed biologists search for gold in proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2074-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Automation ; Biotechnology/*methods ; Computers ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Databases, Protein ; Drug Industry ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Genomics ; Private Sector ; *Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/physiology ; *Proteome ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; Robotics ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Universities
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    Space biology. New cuts in station could spark walkout (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2291-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; Budgets ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Financing, Government ; International Cooperation ; Public Policy ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Spacecraft/*economics ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*economics
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    Crystal structure of sensory rhodopsin II at 2.4 angstroms: insights into color tuning and transducer interaction (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: We report an atomic-resolution structure for a sensory member of the microbial rhodopsin family, the phototaxis receptor sensory rhodopsin II (NpSRII), which mediates blue-light avoidance by the haloarchaeon Natronobacterium pharaonis. The 2.4 angstrom structure reveals features responsible for the 70- to 80-nanometer blue shift of its absorption maximum relative to those of haloarchaeal transport rhodopsins, as well as structural differences due to its sensory, as opposed to transport, function. Multiple factors appear to account for the spectral tuning difference with respect to bacteriorhodopsin: (i) repositioning of the guanidinium group of arginine 72, a residue that interacts with the counterion to the retinylidene protonated Schiff base; (ii) rearrangement of the protein near the retinal ring; and (iii) changes in tilt and slant of the retinal polyene chain. Inspection of the surface topography reveals an exposed polar residue, tyrosine 199, not present in bacteriorhodopsin, in the middle of the membrane bilayer. We propose that this residue interacts with the adjacent helices of the cognate NpSRII transducer NpHtrII.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luecke, H -- Schobert, B -- Lanyi, J K -- Spudich, E N -- Spudich, J L -- R01-GM27750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM29498/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM59970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1499-503. Epub 2001 Jul 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. hudel@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Arginine/chemistry ; Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *Carotenoids ; Color ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Transport ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Natronobacterium/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    The growing family of NIH institutes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Randerath, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1835-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard 2000 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning ; Communicable Diseases ; Elementary Particles ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Oceanography ; Rna ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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    Binding of DCC by netrin-1 to mediate axon guidance independent of adenosine A2B receptor activation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: Netrins stimulate and orient axon growth through a mechanism requiring receptors of the DCC family. It has been unclear, however, whether DCC proteins are involved directly in signaling or are mere accessory proteins in a receptor complex. Further, although netrins bind cells expressing DCC, direct binding to DCC has not been demonstrated. Here we show that netrin-1 binds DCC and that the DCC cytoplasmic domain fused to a heterologous receptor ectodomain can mediate guidance through a mechanism involving derepression of cytoplasmic domain multimerization. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor, proposed to contribute to netrin effects on axons, is not required for rat commissural axon outgrowth or Xenopus spinal axon attraction to netrin-1. Thus, DCC plays a central role in netrin signaling of axon growth and guidance independent of A2B receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, E -- Zou, Y -- Poo , M -- Tessier-Lavigne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1976-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ; Rats ; Receptor, Adenosine A2B ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Xanthines/pharmacology ; Xenopus/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Unification for European immunology? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kourilsky, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Allergy and Immunology/organization & administration/trends ; European Union ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Defective antigen processing in GILT-free mice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: Processing of proteins for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted presentation to CD4-positive T lymphocytes occurs after they are internalized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Antigenic proteins frequently contain disulfide bonds, and their reduction in the endocytic pathway facilitates processing. In humans, a gamma interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is constitutively present in late endocytic compartments of APCs. Here, we identified the mouse homolog of GILT and generated a GILT knockout mouse. GILT facilitated the processing and presentation to antigen-specific T cells of protein antigens containing disulfide bonds. The response to hen egg lysozyme, a model antigen with a compact structure containing four disulfide bonds, was examined in detail.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maric, M -- Arunachalam, B -- Phan, U T -- Dong, C -- Garrett, W S -- Cannon, K S -- Alfonso, C -- Karlsson, L -- Flavell, R A -- Cresswell, P -- AI23081/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1361-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology/*immunology ; Antigens/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells/enzymology ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Epitopes/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/metabolism ; Hybridomas ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: Outer hair cells (OHCs) of the mammalian cochlea actively change their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential. This electromotility, thought to be the basis of cochlear amplification, is mediated by a voltage-sensitive motor molecule recently identified as the membrane protein prestin. Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate. Removal of these anions abolished fast voltage-dependent motility, as well as the characteristic nonlinear charge movement ("gating currents") driving the underlying structural rearrangements of the protein. The results support a model in which anions act as extrinsic voltage sensors, which bind to the prestin molecule and thus trigger the conformational changes required for motility of OHCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, D -- He, D Z -- Klocker, N -- Ludwig, J -- Schulte, U -- Waldegger, S -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Dallos, P -- Fakler, B -- DC00089/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology II, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; Anions/pharmacology ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cations/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Genomics. Plant biology in 2010 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: The completion of the Arabidopsis sequence will be followed by a new ten-year project that will determine the function of all angiosperm genes. Funding for the U.S. component of this multinational project will originate from a new initiative from the U.S. National Science Foundation called the 2010 Project. Progress toward completion of this ambitious project will necessitate significant changes in how the plant biology community selects and approaches research objectives. The plan envisions that the project will facilitate the development of a computational model of a virtual plant that will allow predictive queries about basic mechanisms underlying plant growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somerville, C -- Dangl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2077-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. crs@andrew2.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; *Genomics ; International Cooperation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science under the Nazis (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinberg, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1929-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Germany ; Morals ; *Political Systems ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Cell biology. New clues to how genes are controlled (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1066-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Prolactin/*genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research ethics. Studies trace patchwork of conflict policies (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agnew, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1873.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; *Conflict of Interest ; Intellectual Property ; Investments ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/economics/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; Truth Disclosure ; United States ; Universities/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    An interview with the president. "I'd like to see America used as a global lab" (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: AN INTERVIEW WITH THE PRESIDENT:"I'd Like to See America Used as a Global Lab" President Bill Clinton met with Science magazine on 6 December for a broad-ranging interview that looked at how science and technology are likely to change our world, and how he might continue to interact with the scientific community after he leaves office in January. What emerged confirms a portrait many people have painted of Clinton: a polymath who rarely resorts to the platitudes we have come to expect from politicians--especially on the topic of science. This online transcript of the conversation between Clinton and Science Editor Ellis Rubinstein contains material which could not be included in print for space reasons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clinton, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2236-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: International Cooperation ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science/education ; *Technology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by gammadelta T cells (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: The localization of gammadelta T cells within epithelia suggests that these cells may contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial malignancies. We report that mice lacking gammadelta cells are highly susceptible to multiple regimens of cutaneous carcinogenesis. After exposure to carcinogens, skin cells expressed Rae-1 and H60, major histocompatibility complex-related molecules structurally resembling human MICA. Each of these is a ligand for NKG2d, a receptor expressed by cytolytic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro, skin-associated NKG2d+ gammadelta cells killed skin carcinoma cells by a mechanism that was sensitive to blocking NKG2d engagement. Thus, local T cells may use evolutionarily conserved proteins to negatively regulate malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Girardi, M -- Oppenheim, D E -- Steele, C R -- Lewis, J M -- Glusac, E -- Filler, R -- Hobby, P -- Sutton, B -- Tigelaar, R E -- Hayday, A C -- AI 27855/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- KO8/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):605-9. Epub 2001 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology and Yale Skin Diseases Research Core Center, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carcinogens ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dimerization ; Epidermis/*immunology ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Surveillance ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/*immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Genomics. Public-private project to deliver mouse genome in 6 months (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Research on the mouse genome lurched into the fast lane last week, as private donors joined the U.S. government to step on the gas. A public-private consortium announced on 6 October that it's kicking $58 million into a new fund that will pay to sequence the DNA of the "black six" (C57BL/6J) strain of laboratory mouse. The consortium aims to produce a draft version of the genome by the end of February.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):242-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Financing, Government ; *Genome ; Human Genome Project ; International Cooperation ; Internet ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/*genetics ; Private Sector/economics ; Public Sector/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Education. Workforce alternatives to graduate students? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerbi, S A -- Garrison, H H -- Perkins, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University's Division of Biology and Medicine, J. W. Wilson Laboratory, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Susan_Gerbi@Brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate ; Financing, Government ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Training Support ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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