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  • Books  (306)
  • 2010-2014  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (253)
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  • 1980  (99)
  • 1969  (50)
  • 1928  (6)
  • AWI Library  (306)
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  • 1
    Call number: AWI P2-88-0760-3
    In: Antarctica and international law, Volume 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 551 Seiten
    ISBN: 0379203325
    Language: English
    Note: Arrangement of Volume III: Part VIII Germany. - Part IX Federal Republic of Germany. - Part X Japan. - Part XI New Zealand. - Part XII Norway. - Part XIII Peru. - Part XIV Poland. - Part XV South Africa. - Part XVI Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. - Part XVII United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. - Part XVIII United States of America. - Part XIX Uruguay.
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Totowa, NJ : Barnes & Noble
    Call number: AWI P7-86-0931
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 472 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0389202983
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Call number: AWI P6-82-0001
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 45 S.
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-168-1
    In: Berichte zur Polarforschung
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 50 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 1
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI A2-07-0040 ; MOP 45173 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 359 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Uniform Title: Climatic Change
    Language: Russian
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-553-8
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 392 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 8717029697
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Geoscience 8
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Call number: ZSP-558-7 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 152 S.
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-204-172
    In: CRREL Technical Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 36 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: CRREL Technical Report 172
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Bibliogr. Inst.
    Call number: AWI S6-92-0336
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 372 S. : graph. Darst., Notenbeisp.
    Edition: 1. Aufl., 1. - 20. Tsd.
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Copenhagen : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-553-9
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 36 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 8717029635
    ISSN: 0106-1054
    Series Statement: Meddelelser om Grønland : Bioscience 9
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hannover : Schweizerbart
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0068(19) ; ZSP-320(E,19)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 129 S. + 3 Kt.-Beil., 1 Beil.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 19
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Call number: SR 90.0068(18) ; ZSP-320(E,18)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 20 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 18
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0007(317) ; AWI G6-06-0042
    In: Bulletin
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 49 S. + 4 pl.
    ISBN: 066010637X
    Series Statement: Bulletin / Geological Survey of Canada 317
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hannover : Schweizerbart
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0068(24) ; ZSP-320(E,24)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 13 S. + 1 Beil.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E 24
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 15
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-6
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series A, Aeronomy 6
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  • 16
    Call number: SR 99.0015(371) ; ZSP-292-371
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 371
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 117 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    ISSN: 0071-9404
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 371 : Geowissenschaften - Geologie
    Language: German
    Note: Enthält 3 Beiträge , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Annotation Tektonische Untersuchungen in den Herbert Mountains (Shackleton Range, Antarktika) / Joachim Hofmann Beitrag zur Geologie des Pensacola-Gebirges (Antarktika) / Wolfgang Weber Tektonische Untersuchungen in der Patuxent-Formation der Schmidt Hills (Pensacola Mts. (Antarktika)) / Joachim Hofmann und V. V. Samsonov
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Teubner
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 1.4/MR 90.0999/46 ; AWI E1-93-0326 ; MOP 44988 / Mitte
    In: Biographien hervorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 100 S.
    Edition: 2., erw. Aufl.
    Series Statement: Biographien hervorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner 46
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
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  • 18
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Moskva [u.a.] : Glavnoe Upravlenie Geodezii i Kartografii MG SSSR
    Associated volumes
    Call number: A4 4 ; A4 4 2. Ex. ; AWI Atl-10-0061/2 ; AWI Atl-10-0061/2(2. Ex.) ; MOP A4 42796
    In: Atlas Antarktiki, 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 579 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 19
    Call number: O 3695 ; O 3694 ; O 3692 ; G 5573 ; AWI S2-00-0145
    In: Geophysikalische Monographien
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 386 S.
    Series Statement: Geophysikalische Monographien 5
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0068(23) ; ZSP-320(E,23)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 294 S. + 2 Kt.-Beil.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe E, Geophysik 23
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  • 21
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Brockhaus
    Call number: G 8204 ; AWI E3-83-0644
    Description / Table of Contents: Siebenundzwanzig Antarktisfahrer hat Herausgeber Gert Lange um ihre Erlebnisberichte gebeten. Die Forscher - es sind Vertreter der verschiedensten Fachrichtungen, wie Geodäsie, Strahlungsmessung, Ionosphärenuntersuchung, Glaziologie, Geologie, Meteorologie, Zoologie - erläutern in allgemein-verständlicher Form ihre wissenschaftlichen Aufgaben und Ergebnisse, schildern ebenso gefahrenvolle wie absonderliche Begebenheiten und beeindruckende Naturerscheinungen. So erlebte zum Beispiel Dr. Klaus Dreßler, Teilnehmer der 17. SAE, eine besonders schöne Fata Morgana: "... Auf der Gegenstation in 1,2km Entfernung erschien hoch über unserem Kettenfahrzeug eine große Flagge oder Rauchfahne, die sich nach unten ausdehnte, bis das Fahrzeug plötzlich dreifach überhöht erschien. Ebenso alle anderen Gegenstände. Durchs Fernrohr sah ich Artur ein zweites Mal über sich selbst, aber auf dem Kopfe stehend und mitunter so lang gestreckt wie in einem Zerrspiegel ... Gegenstände, sonst nicht sichtbar, kamen über dem Horizont zum Vorschein. Besonders schön: die roten und schwarzen Tafeln der Landebahnmarkierung. Sie waren sonst hinter einem Schneerücken verborgen, jetzt tauchten sie in ihrer normalen Grüße etwas zehn Meter über der Oberfläche auf. Dann verwandelten sie ich in schlanke Säulen. Der eigenartigste Effekt war, daß die Traktoren, Bulldozer und anderen Geräte für die Flugplatzunterhaltung, sonst in derselben Entfernung deutlich sichtbar, zeitweise ganz verschwanden. Alle diese Erscheinungen wechselten langsam innerhalb von ein bis fünf Minuten..." Derartige, auf Grund besonders starker Ablenkung des Lichtes in der Antarktis vorkommende Erscheinungen beeinträchtigen natürlich die Meßarbeiten, ebenso wie tiefe Temperaturen und häufige Schneestürme sehr hinderlich für topographische und andere Arbeiten sind. Seit 1959 überwinterten mehr als siebzig DDR-Wissenschaftler im Rahmen der SAE (Sowjetische Antarktisexpeditionen) auf dem weißen Kontinent, der mit seinen Schönheiten und Widrigkeiten von Mensch und Maschie immer wieder Bewährung in schwierigen Situationen verlangt.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 218 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5. SAE Gefangene der Insel / Günter Skeib 6. SAE Hauptobservatorium Mirny / Stephan Klemm Auf Empfangsstation an der Prawda-Küste / Peter Glöde 7. SAE Ein ganz unnormaler schöner Tag / Joachim England 8. SAE Südliche Sterne im Fadenkreuz / Joachim Liebert Das Inferno / Günter Leonhardt 10. SAE Schwereanschlußmessung Potsdam-Mirny / Claus Elstner Unterwegs auf dem Inlandeis / Tankred Schmidt 13. SAE Wie die ersten Bilder entstanden / Peter Glöde Antarktika aus kosmischer Sicht / Hartwig Gernandt, Joachim Hofmann 14. SAE Wostok - ein Jahr im Inneren des Kontinents / M. Manfred Schneider Nachts, wenn der Himmel leuchtet / Hans Driescher 17. SAE Das Lager am Abendberg / Reinhard Dietrich 8000 Kilometer über Eis und Schnee / Artur Zielke Kreuz und quer über die Berge der Freundschaft / Klaus Dreßler Helikopter-Sprünge / Siegfried Meier 19. SAE Das Hüttendreieck auf dem Inlandeis / Georg Dittrich Temperaturprofile im Gletscherwind / Alfred Helbig An den Nunatakkern der Prinz-Charles-Berge / Joachim Hofmann 20. SAE Beobachtungen eines Arztes / Georg Schrader 21. SAE Ein Observatorium entsteht / Hartwig Gernandt Radionuklide in Antarktika / Detlef Hebert 22. SAE Als Geologe in den Read Mountains / Hans-Jürgen Paech 23. SAE Im Spaltennetz des Hays-Gletschers / Rainer Hoyer Der Marsch durch die Oase / Gerhard Strauch 24. SAE Expeditionsglück, Expeditionsleid / Klaus Peukert 25. SAE Warum Robben und Pinguine gezählt werden / Klaus Odening Auf in neue unbekannte Gebiete / Werner Passehl 26. SAE Aus der Werkstatt der Expeditionen / Bodo Tripphan Die Antarktis im Licht der Weltpolitik / M. Manfred Schneider Register
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 12/MOP 38868/8 ; AWI A3-97-0479 ; MOP 38868/8(2. Ex.)
    In: World survey of climatology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 248 S.
    ISBN: 0444407049
    Series Statement: World survey of climatology 8
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Call number: G 7860 ; AWI E1-92-0156 ; AWI E1-09-0010
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 60 S. : zahlr. Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 3496010088
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 24
    Call number: ZSP-594/F-4 ; ZSP-594/F-4(2. Ex.)
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 110 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Series F, Logistics 4
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  • 25
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-267
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Regional variations in density. - Monthly increase in density. - Nomograph to estimate average snow-cover density. - Test and application of the nomograph. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Observed, weighted snow-cover densities for stations in Table 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: Analysis of snow-cover observations made during November - March at 27 stations in Alaska, Canada and the northern United States for a 2 to 11 year period showed that the average snow density can be classified in four general categories: Category 1 (density 0.20 to 0.23 g/cm^3 ), inland stations reporting light winds; Category 2 (0.24 to 0.27 g/cm^3), stations reporting moderate winds; Category 3 (0.28 to 0.30 g/cm^3), inland and coastal locations with stronger winds; Category 4 (0.32 to 0.36 g/cm^3), cold and windy stations of the Arctic. Skewness coefficients computed for each station showed bias toward lower densities for cat. 1 and 2, and bias toward higher densities for cat. 3 and 4. A nomograph in which the average winter air temperature and wind speed are the independent variables makes it possible to estimate the average snow-cover density for any location in the Arctic, subarctic and North Temperate Zones. A comparison between observed and estimated densities for ten other test stations yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with a standard error of estimate of 0.016 g/cm^3. An average snow density map of North America was drawn and the continent was divided into areas based on the four categories.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 267
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-266
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Review of dielectric properties of soils and rocks. - Methods and measurements. - Introduction. - Dispersion. - Experimental procedures. - Introduction. - Apparatus. - Correction for stray fields. - Material. - Results. - The dielectric properties of Na-montmorillonite suspensions as a function of concentration. - The dielectric properties of K-montmorillonite water suspension. - Conclusions. - Outlook. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: The dielectric properties of Na- and K- montmorillonite suspensions with concentrations varying from 2.5% to 0.10% by weight were measured at 25°C in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 20 kHz. Effects of electrode polarization were minimized by using the same stainless steel electrodes at different interelectrode distances and a correction was applied to compensate for stray fields. This investigation establishes the fact that the high dielectric constants of clay suspensions at audio frequencies are real and not the result of electrode polarization. The polarization that determines the dispersion is an interfacial phenomenon between the ionic atmosphere and the negatively charged clay particle. The results of this study show that clay suspensions have the same dispersion as soil samples, indicating the probability that the dispersion of wet soils in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 20 kHz is similar for most soils. The actual value of the dielectric constant, however, cannot yet be predicted.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 266
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-263
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Theoretical background. - Experimental apparatus and procedures. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: The transition in the mode of heat transfer from conduction to convection in a layer of water formed continuously by melting ice from below has been determined experimentally. This was accomplished by locating the inflection point on the curve relating the water-ice interface (or melting front) and time. Thus, the critical Rayleigh number, Rac, at which convective heat transfer started can be correlated empirically as a function of warm plate temperature, Ts, by Rac= 14,200 exp(-6.64 x 10^-2 Ts). This relation is valid for Ts varying from 7.72 to 25.50°C. The initial ice temperature T0 was varied from -4.8 to -22.00°C. The effect of T0 was found to be insignificant. Homogeneous, bubble-free ice was prepared and used in all the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrations
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 263
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-264
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Physical properties of ice fog. - Mie scattering computations. - Results. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice-fog crystals consisting of many spherical particles, and some hexagonal plates and columns, were observed at ambient temperatures of about -40°C in the Fairbanks, Alaska area during mid-winter. The concentrations and the size distributions of the ice-fog crystals were measured. The attenuation and backscattering of infrared radiation by ice-fog crystals were computed for optical wavelengths of 2.2[My], 2.7[My], 4.5[My], 5.75[My], 9.7[My] and 10.9[My] using the Mie theory. The minimum attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of ice fog were found to be at 9.7[My] wavelength in the observed wavelengths. Optical attenuation coefficients and volume backscattering functions of water fogs were also computed using the Mie theory. The minimum attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of water fog were found to be at 10.9[My] wavelength in the region of 2.2[My], 2.7[My], 4.5[My], 5.75[My], 9.7[My] and 10.9[My]. Both the attenuation coefficients and backscattering functions of ice fog are within the same order of magnitude as water fog for equivalent fog concentrations and wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 264
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-254
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Description of the anemometer. - Temperature effects and their compensation. - Input-output relations. - Vibration isolation and compensation. - Wind tunnel tests. - Conclusions.
    Description / Table of Contents: A triaxial semiconductor strain-gage anemometer measuring wind velocities in three directions and thereby also determining the direction of the wind was designed and subjected to many crucial tests under various conditions. It was found that the measurements were affected by temperature and vibrations. Temperature compensation in two directions was made and wind tunnel tests on an almost vibration-free platform were performed. The results show that this type of instrument can be successfully used to measure large-scale turbulences. Throughout this report, emphasis is placed on the compensation necessary for temperature and vibration effects and the determination of input-output relationships. It is concluded that it is possible to design a practical triaxial strain-gage anemometer with high-frequency response and high sensitivity and to measure wind velocities accurately with this type of instrument when temperature and vibration compensations are properly made.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 254
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-250
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Methods. - Results. - Ground and aerial photography. - Hemispherical photography. - Light quality. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Aerial and ground photographs were taken over a 2-year period of sites in the El Verde rain forest to record the consistency of the vegetational patterns in untreated sites and the changes that occurred following gamma irradiation. Four emulsions were used: panchromatic infrared, false color transparency and color transparency. Densitometry was used to evaluate color film and the vegetation response to 3 months of radiation. The color emulsions provided the sharpest indication of damage to vegetation and the succession following treatment. Hemispherical photography of the canopy was evaluated in terms of a canopy cover index defined as percent of light passing through the negative in a 90-degree cone area. Control stations were remarkably constant in all photography, establishing the stability and slow natural changes in rain forest structure. Spectral light measurements within the forest confirmed the predominance of far red shade light. Compared to similar studies on the chronic irradiated forest at Brookhaven National Laboratory the El Verde results were less distinct.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 250
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-269
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Structure of ice and ice sheets. - Ice as a mineral. - Lake and sea ice. - Chemistry and phase relations. - Dislocations,cracks,and stress concentrators. - Direct observation of dislocations. - Crackformation. - Stress concentration. - Theoretical considerations. - Experimental results. - Compressive strength. - Indentation failure. - Tensile strength. - Flexural strength. - Shear strength. - Impact strength. - Scale effects. - Strength deterioration in the spring. - Recommended research. - Summary. - Selected bibliography. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and cornpared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 269
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-271
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Conduct of the research. - Fundamental properties of snow. - Derived properties of snow. - Environmental effects. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the great deficiencies in snow science is the lack of an analytical framework for much of the snow cycle. Snow research to date has largely consisted of measuring index properties of snow, such as bulk density and snow strength, and correlating them. This is useful, particularly for engineering purposes, but it does not grapple with the basic problem of what fundamental properties of snow determine the magnitude of the index properties and how these properties respond to environmental conditions. This study was an attempt to measure, quantitatively, the fundamental properties of grain size, shape, and fabric (relationship between grains) and relate these to the index or derived properties of bulk density, shear and tensile strength, permeability for air, and the dielectric static permittivity and loss tangent. Despite numerous difficulties in defining fabric and quantifying it, it was possible to show that: 1) snow strength is a function of bond area with a relationship in the low density range that is described by: [Sigma]f = [Sigma]i exp - (0.14nf) where [Sigma]f is failure strength, [Sigma]i is the final strength of ice, and nf is the porosity on the failure surface; and 2) the rate of densification of low density snow can be explained in part by high stress concentrations (on the order of 10^7 dynes /cm^2) at intergranular contacts and by such factors as riming on crystals. The effect of the environmental factors of time, temperature, and gravitational stress is difficult to study in situ because they are not independent variables. However, it appears that their study is simplified when we study the fundamental properties of snow as opposed to index properties.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 70 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 271
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Call number: ZSP-594/E-33
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 42 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Series E, Biology and medical sciences 33
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  • 34
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Tokyo : Dept. of Polar Research, National Science Museum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-7
    In: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 14 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition : Scientific reports : Series A, Aeronomy 7
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  • 35
    Call number: ZSP-594/A-17(2. Ex.) ; ZSP-594/A-17
    In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 120 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research : Series A, Aeronomy 17
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  • 36
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-245
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Snow crystals in Greenland. - Microspherules. - Microspherules in snow and ice-fog crystals. - Concentration and radii of spherules. - Discussion and conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Spherules found in snow crystals, ice-fog crystals, fallout particles, and fly ash were studied with an electron microscope using the electron diffraction method. The central part of the residues of 1004 specimens of natural snow crystals from Greenland, the United States, and Japan were examined; 14 spherules 0.1 to 1.5? in radius were found among them. The residues of 658 artificial ice-fog crystals formed from water vapor in flue gases of coal-burning electric power plants at Fairbanks, Alaska, were also examined; nine spherules were found. Spherules similar to those found in ice-fog residues were found in furnace-produced fly ash fallout at Fairbanks, Alaska. Electron and optical microscope examination of spherules found in Greenland snow reveals a size distribution of the form dN/d(log r) = Cr-ß where ß approximately 3. The properties of spherules and the mean mass of snow crystals from Greenland are described. The electron microscope study indicated that less than 0.7% of the 1004 snow crystals contained spherules of possible extraterrestrial origin, and that snow crystals are formed mainly on clay mineral particles by heterogeneous nucleation.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 10 Seite , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 245
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-277
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Constitutive relations. - Elastic region. - Plastic region. - Stability of the differential equation. - Stability of the difference equation. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis is made of the stability of difference approximation to one-dimensional shock wave propagation in elastic-plastic media. The necessary condition for stability is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 277
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-276
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Test site. - Test procedures. - Equipment. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Test results. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Calculation of the effect of nonaxial loading of unconfined compression specimens. - Appendix B. Camp Century unconfined compressive strength data at -25C. - Appendix C. Camp Century ring-tensile strength data at -25C. - Appendix D. Unconfined compressive strength of Camp Century vertical snow samples 8.25 in. length, 3.0 in. diam at -25C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The unconfined compressive strengths [Sigma]c and the ring-tensile strengths [Sigma]T of snow and ice specimens from the Inclined Drift at Camp Century, Greenland, were determined. The specimen densities varied over essentially the complete natural density range of polar snow and ice (0.340 to 0.890 g/cm^3). The specimens were loaded rapidly to failure with times varying between 0.2 and 1.4 sec. During loading, head speeds varied between 5.1 and 23.6 cm/min, although during individual tests they were constant. Even the low density specimens failed in the brittle mode. Although a plot of [Sigma]T vs [Gamma] is linear, [Sigma]c vs [Gamma] is clearly nonlinear. This nonlinearity may result from either changes in the level of the internal stress concentrations associated with the voids in the snow or from changes in the ratio (bulk porosity/effective porosity of the failure surface) with density. Both tangent and secant moduli are linear functions of [Gamma]. There is no pronounced change in [Sigma]c with changes in strain rate. A significant increase in [Sigma]T, [Sigma]c and the modulus values was noted at bulk densities greater than 0.830 g/cm^3. This increase is presumably caused by the close-off of the air passages.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 35 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 276
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Call number: ZSP-980-28
    In: ZfI-Mitteilungen, Nr. 28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 225 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: ZfI-Mitteilungen 28
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Eröffnungsvortrag: Die Entwicklung der Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung in der DDR / K. Wetzel. - Neuere Arbeiten zur Stoffanalytik / G. Brunner. - Die Entwicklung der massenspektroskopischen Elementspurenanalyse / H.-J. Dietze. - Anwendung der theoretischen Physik in der Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung / R. Haberlandt. - Zur Anwendung radioaktiver tracer in der Industrie / H. Koch. - Die Wechselwirkung von Kernstrahlung mit Gasen - Grundlagen und Anwendungen / J. Leonhardt, J. Boes, H.-J. Grosse, P. Popp. - Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der strahlenchemischen Forschung / W. Reicherdt. - Die Trennung, Gewinnung und Nutzung von Spaltprodukten / M. Roesseler. - Isotope in der Natur / H. Schuetze. - Beteiligung des Zentralinstitutes für Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung im Rahmen der DDR-Antarktisforschung während der 23. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition (SAE) 1977-1979 / G. Strauch, D. Fritzsche. - Radionuklide in Diagnostik und Therapie / Dr. Vormum. - Übersicht über die bisher erschienenen Nummern der ZfI-Mitteilungen.
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  • 40
    Call number: AWI P9-83-1080
    In: Prace naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 191 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    ISBN: 83-00-00355-X
    Series Statement: Prace naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego 543
    Language: Polish
    Note: Contents: Preface: Scientific activity of the Silesian University in the polar regions in 1977-1980. - PAPERS. - Ablation by calving and 20th century recession of glaciers in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen). Preliminary results / Jacek Jania. - The occurence and origin of coarse crystalline calcite in the carbonate massiffs of Sørkappland (South Spitsbergen) / Łukasz Karwowski, Andrzej Kozik. - Surface run-off dynamics of the basin of the Nordfall Glacier steam (South Spitsbergen) / Jan Leszkiewicz. - Karst springs at the foot of Rasstupet wall in the South Spitsbergen in the investigations from 1978 / Jan Leszkiewicz. - Aeolian activity in the Gås Bay region (South Spitsbergen) / Tadeusz Szczypek. - Geomorphological activity of flowing waters on the Kaffiöyra plain (Spitsbergen) / Kazimierz Sendobry. - Preliminary characteristics of the basins in the vicinity of Henryk Arctowski Station on King George Island (South Shetlands) / Andrzej Kozik. - SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTATION. - Meteorological investigations in South Spitsbergen in the summer of 1978. Specification / Andrzej Kaminski. - Meteorological materials collected in South Spitsbergen in the summer of 1979. Specification / Andrzej Kaminski. - Preliminary results of hydrological and hydrochemical investigations in Fugleberget basin (SW Spitsbergen) / Wiesława Krawczyk, Marian Pulina. - Karst springs at the foot of the Rasstupet wall. Specification of 1978-1979 / Jan Leszkiewicz, Jerzy Wach, Jan Waga. - Scientific publications from the polar expeditions of the Silesian University. , In polnischer Sprache , Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache
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  • 41
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin : Walter de Gruyter
    Call number: AWI G2-18-91886
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, Seiten [768-940] , Illustrationen
    Edition: Nachdruck
    ISBN: 3110072815
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: 8. Meereis. - Phänomene, Genese und Morphologie. - Zur Erforschung des Meereises. - Das Meereis als komplexe Erscheinung. - Das Meereis als Substrat. - Eisbildung und Gefriervorgänge. - Eisbildung auf dem Meere und Struktur der Meereisdecke. - Eisnomenklatur. - Formen des Meereises und Definitionen (Klassifikation). - Ejsbildungsphänomene an der oberen Grenzschicht des Meeres. - Schiffsvereisung, eine Erscheinung der Grenzschicht Hydrosphäre - Atmosphäre (Ozean - Luft). - Meereis an Küsten. - Eisbildung am Strand. - Eis und Eisbildung auf Watten. - Eisbildung an Steilküsten. - Das Meereis des Nordpolarmeeres und seiner Randmeere. - Zur Erforschung des Nordpolarmeeres und des polaren Meereises. - Nansen's Drift mit der „Fram" im Nordpolarmeer. - Die Driftbewegungen des arktischen Meereises des Nordpolarmeeres mit seinen Randmeeren. - Die Dynamik des Meereises im Nordpolarmeer nach Drifteis-Stationen. - Die jahreszeitliche Schwankung der Eisbedeckung des Nordpolarmeeres. - Form des Meeresbodens des Nordpolarmeeres. - Bilanz und Wassermassenaustausch des Nordpolarmeeres mit dem Atlantischen und Pazifischen Ozean. - Die Vereisung des Nordpolarmeeres und seiner Randmeere in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Wasserhaushalt. - Anthropogene Eingriffe und Projekte zur Veränderung der polaren Umwelt. - Eis des Meeres als Hindernis für den Seeverkehr. - Das Eis als besondere Grenzschicht des Meeres für die Schiffahrt. - Die Nordostpassage, arktischer Seeweg zwischen Atlantischem und Pazifischem Ozean innerhalb des eurasischen Kontinents: der sibirische Seeweg. - Der sibirische Seeweg. - Die Nordwestpassage - arktische Seeverbindung zwischen Atlantischem und Pazifischem Ozean um den nordamerikanischen Kontinent. - Erdöl in den Randmeeren des Nordpolarmeeres: Transportproblem und Ausbeute. - Umweltbedingungen und Nutzung der arktischen Region. - Meereis im Nordatlantischen Ozean und Nebenmeeren. - Eisberge im Nordatlantischen Ozean und Eis um Grönland. - Eiserkundung mit Luft- und Satellitenbildern. - Die Vereisung der Ostsee. - Zur Vereisung von Nebenmeeren in Nordamerika. - Das Meereis im Jahreshaushalt. - Wirkung und Mechanismus von Flußsystemen auf Wasser und Eis des Nordpolarmeeres. - Eisbedeckung des Nordpolarmeeres und Klimaschwankungen. - Das Meereis der Antarktis. - Zur Erforschung des Meereises um die Antarktis. - Die Eisschelfe: Größe, Form, Entstehung, Haushalt. - Eisberge der Antarktis. - Packeis der antarktischen Meeresregionen. - Eisgrenzen und Wassermassen des Südpolarmeeres. - Das Meereis, besonders der Antarktis, als klimatischer Faktor. - Die Polkappen der Erde im Satellitenbild. - Nachtrag (Ergänzung). - Mehrjährige Variation der antarktischen Meereisbedeckung (Südpolarregion). - Antarktischer Meereisaufbruch im Satellitenbild. - Die Eiskappe der Antarktis. - Der Meeresboden des Südpolarmeeres in bathymetnschen Profilen. - Rechtsverhältnisse der Antarktis und des südlichen Polarmeers. - Zur gegenwärtigen Polarforschung der BRD. - Polarexpeditionen der BRD. - Zu den Rechtsverhältnissen im Nordpolarmeer. - Das Polarmeer in morphographischer Darstellung. - Dynamik von Packeisfeldern (Ergänzung). - Literatur. - Institutionen zur Polarforschung. - Eisschlüssel und Eissymbole. - Sachregister.
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  • 42
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New Delhi : Amerind Publishing
    Call number: AWI G2-18-91897
    Description / Table of Contents: This publication is concerned with problems of the origin, evolution and paleogeography of the Arctic Ocean and its coast during the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Much emphasis is placed on the evolution of modern Arctic flora and fauna, both terrestrial and aquatic. All these problems are discussed on the basis of hydrological, paleontological, biogeographical, climatological and archaeological data presented at the AII-Union symposium held in Leningrad during April 1-6, 1968. This is a unique encyclopedia on the Arctic. lt will be of interest to many research workers - geographers, geologists, biologists, hydrologists and all who deal with problems of the geological history and paleogeography of the Northern Hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 564 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Uniform Title: Severnyi Ledovityi Okean i Ego Poberezh'e v Kainozoe
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: PREFACE. - SECTION I. HISTORY OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN THE CENOZOIC ERA. - Linear and Areal Morphostructures of the Arctic Ocean Floor / V. D. Dibner. - Fluctuations in Arctic Climate as Revealed by Floor Sediment Analysis / N. A. Belov, N. N. Lapina. - Stratification and Rate of Accumulation of Floor Sediments of the Soviet Arctic Seas / N. N. Kulikov, N. N. Lapina, Yu. P. Semenov, N. A. Belov, M. A. Spiridonov. - Palynologic Study of Kara Sea Floor Sediment Cores / N. N. Kulikov, R. M. Khitrova. - Geologic Structure of the Glacial Shelves of the Atlantic Province of the Arctic Basin / M. A. Spiridonov. - Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of Spitsbergen in the Pleistocene / Yu. A. Lavrushin. - Role of Glaciers in Franz Josef Land Relief Formation / V. L. Sukhodrovskii. - Reconstruction of the Late- and Post-Pleistocene Arctic Basin Ice Sheet / P. M. Borisov. - Changes in the Arctic Basin since the Last Glaciation Maximum / D. P. Chizhov. - SECTION II. ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA AND THE HISTORY OF THEIR FORMATION. - Some Problems of Study of the Early Cenophytic Arctic Flora / L. Yu. Budantsev. - Arctic Flora and Its Historical Link with the Arctic Ocean / A. I. Tolmachev, B. A. Yurtsev. - Wide Fluctuations in Ocean Level in the Quaternary period and Their Influence on the Arctic Ocean Basin and its biological community / G. U. Lindberg. - Fresh Data on the Food of the Siberian Woolly Rhinoceros / V. E. Garutt, E. P. Meteltseva, B. A. Tikhomirov. - Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean Fauna and their significance for understanding the History of its formation / E. F. Guryanova. - Formation of macroscopic marine algal flora of the Arctic Basin / A. D. Zinova, Yu. E. Petrov. - The Concept of the Arctic origin of Pinnipeds and other solutions of this problem / K. K. Chapskii. - Ecological Adaptations of Pinnipeds in the Atlantic Province of the Polar Basin / V. A. Potelov, Yu. K. Timoshenko. - A General Review of th PIeistocene Marine Faunas of the Northern Coast of Eurasia / S. L. Troitskii. - History of the Evolution of Marine Mollusk Fauna of the Late Cenozoic Atlantic Arctic / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Late Cenozoic History of Foraminifera of the Pechora Lowland and Northern West Siberia / O. F. Baranovskaya, V. Ya. Slobodin. - Species composition of Modern Foraminifera as an Indication of the Arctic Sea's hydrological regime / S. V. Tamanova. - SECTION Ill. PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES IN THE LATE CENOZOIC ERA. - Paleogeography of Northern USSR and contiguous areas of the Arctic Basin / G. S. Ganeshin. - North Eurasia in the Late Cenozoic Era / Yu. P. Degtyarenko, V. V. Zhukov, N. G. Zagorskaya, O. A. Ivanov, V. I. Kaiyalainen, Yu. N. Kulakov, A. P. Puminov, V. Ya. Slobodin, O. V. Suzdalskii. - On the History of the Migration of the Arctic Basin Shoreline in the Cenozoic Era / S. A. Strelkov. - Causes of Fluctuations in the Arctic Basin Level in the Neogene-Quaternary Period / J. L. Kuzin. - Spore-Pollen Analysis of Late Cenozoic Marine Sediments in the Reconstruction of the Paleogeography of the Arctic Coasts / N. G. Zagorskaya, F. M. Levina. - Forest Line Migration in North Asia in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene (Based on Spore-Pollen Analysis) / R. E. Giterman, L. V. Golubeva, E. V. Koreneva, L. A. Skiba. - Holocene Transgressions and Variations in the Northern Coastline of the Kola Peninsula / B. I. Koshechkin, A. L. Kudlaeva. - Interpretation of Radiocarbon Datings of the Absolute Age of Organic Residues from the Upper Anthropogene Deposits of Fennoscandia / V. G. Chuvardinskii. - Structure and Stratigraphic Division of White Sea Bottom Deposits / V. S. Medvedev, E. N. Nevesskii, L. I. Govberg, E. S. Malyasova, R. N. Dzhinoridze, E. A. Kirienko. - Principal Stages in the History of the Vegetation of the Dvina Bay Coast of the White Sea during the Late- and Postglacial Transgression / E. S. Pleshivtseva. - Quaternary Transgressions in the Northern Russian Plain and Their Relationship with Continental Glaciations / E. N. Bylinskii. - Anthropogene Deposit-Forming Environments on Kolguev Island / O. F. Baranovskaya, T. A. Matveeva. - Cenozoic History of the Northern Coast of Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze. - Stages of Formation of the Southern Part of the Arctic Basin in Timan-Pechora Province in the Late Cenozoic Era / O. F. Baranovskaya, P. N. Safronov, G. N. Berdovskaya. - Pliocene-Pleistocene History of the Pechora Basin / V. L. Yakhimovich. - Paleogeography and Origin of Cenozoic Rocks in Soviet Europe as Revealed by Hydrochemical Data / V. D. Bezrodnov. - Study of Paleogeography and Neotectonics of Some Regions of the European Northeast by Coal Petrography / Yu. V. Stepanov. - History of the Formation of Arctic Shelf Foraminifer Fauna (Based on Data on the Timan-Ural Region) / I. N. Semenov. - Evolution of Pleistocene Marine Diatom Flora in the Northeast of Soviet Europe / E. I. Loseva. - Quaternary Deposits of the Middle Pechora and Vychegda River Basins / A. S. Lavrov. - Late Pleistocene Terraces in the Northeast of Soviet Europe and the Environments in which They were Formed / L. M. Potapenko, A. S. Lavrov. - Key Sections of the Lower Pechora and Their Importance for an Understanding of the Last Stages of the Geological Evolution of Northeastern Soviet Europe / V. S. Zarkhidze, I. I. Krasnov, M. A. Spiridonov, Yu. A. Lavrushin, I. I. Ryumina. - Siberian Elements in the Flora of the Far Northeast of Europe and Their Origin / O. V. Rebristaya. - Some Geographical Relationships of Ural Floras and Their Importance for Paleogeography / K. N. lgoshina. - Ostracod Complexes from the Late Cenozoic Marine Deposits of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia and Their Importance for Paleogeography / O. M. Lev. - Paleogeography of the Northern West Siberian Lowland and Russian Plain in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene / M. G. Kipiani, A. D. Kolbutov. - Mammals and Landscapes of the Northern Urals in the Late Anthropogene / I. E. Kuzmina. - Pleistocene Transgressions in Northern West Siberia and the Pechora Lowland / I. D. Danilov. - Salient Paleogeographic Features of the Pechora Lowland and Lower Ob Basin in the Neogene Epoch / P. P. Generalov, I. L. Kuzin, I. L. Zaionts, R. B. Krapivner. - Some Problems of the Quaternary Geology of Northern Soviet Europe and West Siberia / A. G. Kostyaev. - Northern West Siberia in the Pliocene and Pleistocene / O. V. Suzdalskii. - Boreal Transgressions and the Origin of Subsurface Sheet Ice Deposits / B. I. Vtyurin. - Dependence of Certain Types of Subsurface Glaciation in West Siberia on the Peculiarities of the Polar Sea / A .I. Popov. - History of Subsurface Freezing in West Siberia in the Light of Transgression of the Arctic Basin / V. V. Baulin. - New Data on the History of the Evolution of the Pre-Kazantseva and Kazantseva Vegetation in the Muzhi Urals and Southern Yamal (Based on Palynological Data) / E. E. Gurtovaya. - New Data on the Distribution of Recent Marine Deposits in West Siberia / I. L. Zaionts, Z. I. Kholodova. - Pleistocene Diatom Floras of the Yenisei North / Z. V. Aleshinskaya. - Some Upper Cenozoic Stratotypes of the Ust-Yenisei Depression / V. Ya. Slobodin. - Transgressions of the Arctic Basin and Evolution of the Yenisei North in the Pleistocene (Absolute Chronology of Events by 14C Dating) / N. V. Kind, L. D. Sulerzhitskii. - Kargin Diatoms from the Key Section of the Lower Yenisei / N. A. Khalfina. - Spread of Late Cenozoic Transgressions of the Arctic Basin in the Northwestern Central Siberian Tableland / V. D. Kryukov, V. V. Rogozhin. - Paleogeography of Northeastern Taimyr in the Quaternary Period (Based on Geological and Palynological Data) / G. N. Berdovskaya, N. A. Gei, V. M. Makeev. - Emergence and Development of Pleistocene Landscapes in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland / V. V. Zhukov, N. A. Pervuninskaya, L. Ya. Pinchuk. - History of Relief Formation in the Eastern North Siberian Lowland and the Adjoi
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  • 43
    Call number: AWI G1-19-92268
    In: University of California publications in geological sciences, Volume 85
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 101 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: University of California publications in geological sciences 85
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Abstract. - Introduction and Acknowledgements. - Metamorphic basement. - Plutonic rocks. - Review of plutonism in Central America, excluding Honduras. - Plutonic rocks of Honduras. - Mesozoic and eocene rocks. - General statement. - Vallę de Angeles group. - Esquias formation. - Matagalpa Formation. - Subinal redbeds. - Ignimbrites. - The pre-ignimbrite surface. - Thickness of the ignimbrites. - Lithology and mineral composition. - Associated lavas. - Ignimbrite vents. - Fluviatile and lacustrine beds associated with ignimbrites. - Age and correlation. - Chemical composition - major elements. - Origin of ignimbrite magmas. - Dikes. - Borderlands of the Gulf of Fonseca. - The Gracias Formation. - Quaternary Volcanism. - General statement. - Description of individual volcanic fields. - Gulf of Fonseea. - Volcanoes of the central highlands. - The Lake Yojoa volcanic field. - Lavas in the Sula graben. - Utila Island. - Geologic structure of Honduras. - Appendix: Microscopic Petrography. - A. Plutonic rocks. - B. Andesites and basalts of the Matagalpa Formation. - C. Lavas of the Gulf of Fonseca sequence. - D. Dike rocks. - E. Ignimbrites. - F. Quaternary lavas. - Literature cited.
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  • 44
    Call number: AWI G6-19-92758
    In: 2nd Working Meeting "Radioisotope Application and Radiation Processing in Industry", Abstracts of papers
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 167 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Central Institute for Isotope and Radiation Research
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI G6-19-93042-1
    In: Interregional Training Course on Radiochemistry, [Hauptband]
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 248 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Manual 1.1 Beta measurements 1.2 Measurement of the energy spectrum and range of α-radiation with semiconductor detectors 1.3 Error and statistical tests 1.4 Basic experiments of gamma spectroscopy 2.1 Determination of certain elements in sedimental atmospheric dust by x-ray fluorescence analysis 2.2 Calibration and efficiencies (see Supplement) 2.3 Thin-layer chromatographic separation and test of the purity of labelled compounds 2.4 Separation of Thorium-234 from Uranium-238 2.5 Separation of 137Ca/137mBa by precipitation and sorption 3.1 Determination of phosphate by simple isotope dilution analysis and determination of Zn in MgSO4 by substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis 3.2 The Szilard-Chalmers effect 3.3 Determination of the Ag content in slags by instrumental neutron activation analysis 4.1 Isotope exchange of Ethyl Iodide and Sodium Iodide 4.2 Liquid scintillation counting of Carbon-14 and Tritium 4.3 Autoradiography - Demonstration of Autoradiographic techniques Lectures 1.1 Fundamentals of radioactivity / G. K. Vormum 1.2 Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter / G. K. Vormum 1.4 Equations of radioactive decay / G. K. Vormum 1.5 Radiation detectors / M. Geisler 2.1 Radiation spectroscopy / M. Geisler 2.5 Handling of radioisotopes / G. K. Vormum 2.7 Behaviour of radionuclides in very low concentrations / H. Koch 3.6 Particle sources / J. W. Leonhardt 4.2 Tracers in chemical kinetics / J. Dermietzel 4.4 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) / R. Trettin 5.1 Isotopic tracers in biology / H. Hübner 5.2 Low-level counting / R. Trettin 5.4 Basic concepts of radioimmunoassay (RIA) / G. K. Vormum 6.2 Radionuclide generators / R. Otto
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  • 46
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/8
    In: CRREL Report, 82-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A detailed analysis of methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of soils is presented, and trends in the predic­tions of these methods are compared. The influence of changes in the moisture content on the calculated thermal con­ductivity of a soil (at constant dry density) is shown, as is the sensitivity of this calculated value to changes in dry den­sity or in the soil solids’ thermal conductivity. The methods are evaluated to determine the extent of agreement of their predictions with measured values obtained on soils of known composition and properties. The deviations of the predicted values are determined for soils that are unfrozen or frozen, coarse or fine, unsaturated, saturated or dry. The applicability of each of the methods under various conditions is determined and recommendations are made as to the best method for each condition.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 90 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analysis of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Introduction Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity Influence of dry density on thermal conductivity Influence of soil solids’ thermal conductivity Comparison of the various methods Evaluation of methods for calculating thermal conductivity Soils data used for evaluation Computer program Applicability of the methods Discussion and conclusions Applicability to unfrozen soils Applicability to frozen soils Applicability to saturated soils Effect of soil mineral composition Applicability to dry soils Summary of applicability of methods Literature cited Appendix A: Properties of some test soils Appendix B: Comparison of thermal conductivity values computed by the various methods and of their deviations from the values measured
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  • 47
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/9
    In: CRREL Report, 82-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This study deals with the distribution of forces along the converging boundaries of the Port Huron, Michigan, region where unconsolidated ice in Lake Huron is held against wind and water stresses. An experimental basin was built to induce uniform shear stress on the model ice cover by flowing water beneath the ice. The boundary segments, which held the ice cover in the region, were instrumented to measure force in the normal and tangential directions. The distribution of normal forces along the boundary was compared with as distribution derived by using a theoretical model. An ice control structure (ICS) was installed in the basin and experiments were conducted to measure the forces on the ICS and the ice release through the opening in the ICS during simulated ship passages. The experimental results are presented in a nondimensional form. In addition, the force per unit length on the ICS and the area of ice released through its opening were estimated for the expected wind conditions at the Port Huron site.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Theoretical models Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Experimental program Experimental facility Scaling factors Experimental results Analysis of wind data for lower Lake Huron Summary and conclusions Release of ice through the opening of an ICS Ice forces on the ice control structure Ice forces on ice control structure from a large unconsolidated ice cover Literature cited Appendix A. Equation for the stress resultants and velocities of the ice cover Appendix B. Monthly summary of wind data at Port Huron
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  • 48
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/3
    In: CRREL Report, 82-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The conditions that lead to initial breakup of a solid ice on a river due to rapid water level variations are analyzed. The analysis is based on the theory of beams on an elastic foundation. First cracking is assumed to occur when the bending moment induced in the ice cover by the wave exceeds the flexural strength of the ice cover.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-3
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Symbols Introduction Purpose of the study Stating the problem Fracturing of the ice cover due to the passage of surge waves Basic assumptions Derivation of the bending moments Determination of the wave characteristics Deflection of the ice Discussion and field observations Summary Literature cited
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  • 49
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/28
    In: CRREL Report, 80-28
    Description / Table of Contents: This report investigates the feasibility of clearing ice from the shipping channel of the St. Marys River. Four basic concepts are investigated: disposal under the ice, disposal on top of the ice, slurrying, and rafting. Each technique was found to have application in limited portions of the river with the exception of disposal on top of the adjacent ice sheet which is deemed feasible throughout the river system. Disposal onto the adjacent ice sheet will increase the free stream velocity less than 1.0 ft/s (30.5 cm/s) and raise the water level less than 1.0 ft (0.30 m). Further model and field tests are recommended to validate the findings of this report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The Environment Ice Growth and Accumulation Natural Ice Transport Accumulation Sites 1. Under-ice accumulation 2. Accumulation on top of the ice Evaluation of Ice Disposal Techniques 1. General 2. Disposal by displacement under the remaining ice sheet 3. Disposal by ejection on top of adjacent ice cover 4. Disposal by slurrying 5. Disposal by rafting Conclusions and Recommendations Literature Cited
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  • 50
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Novosibirsk : Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", Sibirskoe otdelenie
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI G3-24-95571-9
    In: Tektonika Sibiri, Tom 9
    Description / Table of Contents: Представлены материалы XII сессии Научного совета no тектонике Сибири и Дальнего Востока, посвященной 60-летию Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции (Красноярск, 1977 r.). Рассмотрены общие вопросы тектоники нефтегазоносных областей, приведены соответствующие конкретные материалы по отдельным районам Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Изложены новые представления о региональной тектонике Западно-Сибирской плиты, Сибирской платформы, Алданского щита, северо-западной части Тихоокеанскоrо пояса. Сборник рассчитан на широкий круr rеолоrов.
    Description / Table of Contents: Translation of abstract: The materials of the XII session of the Scientific Council on the tectonics of Siberia and the Far East, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (Krasnoyarsk, 1977), are presented. General issues of tectonics of oil and gas bearing areas are considered, and relevant specific materials on individual regions of Siberia and the Far East are presented. New ideas about the regional tectonics of the West Siberian Plate, the Siberian Platform, the Aldan Shield, and the northwestern part of the Pacific Belt are presented. The collection is designed for a wide audience.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 158 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Tektonika Sibiri / Akademija Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Naučnyj Sovet po Tektonike Sibiri i Dalʹnego Vostoka Tom 9
    Language: Russian
    Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Принципы и методика построения тектонических карт нефтегазоносных территорий СССР / Г. Х. Дикенштейн, Ю. Н. Швембергер, И. М. Алиев Требования к содержанию и принципы построения тектонических карт нефтегазоносных территорий / В. С. Старосельцев Количественные подходы к тектоническому районированию нефтегазоносных областей (на примере Енисей-Ленского регионального мегапрогиба) / Ю. Н. Карогодин, А. И. Прокопенко Тектоника палеозойского нефтегазоносного комплекса юга Западно-Сибирской плиты / Н. П. Запивалов, В. И. Московская, И. И. Плуман Тектоника и генезис Западно-Сибирской плиты в свете новых геолого-геофизических данных / М. Я. Рудкевич Связь трещиноватости пород с пликативными структурами первого порядка (на примере Западно-Сибирской плиты и Вилюйской гемисинеклизы) / К. И. Микуленко, Е. Д. Глухманчук, Л. А. Сечкина, Г. Г. Шемин Эпикаледонские наложенные впадины и их газоносность / Е. Д. Думнов Особенности строения фундамента Минусинского межгорного прогиба / Я. В. Шатов, П. С. Долгушин, 3. В. Разилова Структурные особенности платформенного чехла западной части Сибирской платформы в связи с оценкой перспектив поисков месторождений нефти и газа / В. Д. Накаряков, К. Н. Васильева, А. М Иванов, В. Е. Кучеров, В. Г. Сибгатуллиn, Ю. А. Шарыгин Анализ палеотектонических движений Сибирской платформы в связи с оценкой генерации и аккумуляции углеводородов и консервация их залежей в домезозойских отложениях / Т. К Баженова, Ю. И. Ипатов, К. К. Макаров, Ю. М. Шуменкова Тектоническое районирование Вилюйской гемисинеклизы в связи с ее нефтегазоносностью / В. Е. Бакин, В. А. Богдашев, А. А. Гудков, К. И. Микуленко, В. С. Ситников О блоковом строении и иефтегазоносности Тунгусского бассейна / Б. А.Соколов, В. А. Егоров, Ю. Р. Мазор, Ю. В. Пискарев История формирования и перспективы нефтегазоносности Момо-3ырянской впадины / Б. И. Ким Результаты и проблемы изучения тектоники западной части Сибирской платформы и Енисей-Хатангского прогиба по геолого-геофизическим данным / В. И. Яскевич, Ю. К. Яковлев, А. П. Четвергов, В. П. Ключко, В. И. Степанов Тектонический анализ платформенных структур методом построения графиков амплитуд / Е, М. Максимов Тектоника о. Сахалин и прилегающего шельфа / В. В Харахинов, В. Э. Kононов, Ю. С. Мавринский, А. А. Терещепков, Ю. А. Тронов Разломы о. Сахалин и прилегающего шельфа / В. В Харахинов, С. Д. Гальцев-Безюк, Ю. С. Мавринский, А. А. Терещенко, И. М. Альперович Основные структурные елементы Хоккайдо-Сахалинской складчатой области / В. И. Головинский, И. И. Тютрин Прогибы зоны сочленения Сихотэ-Алинской и Хоккайдо-Сахалинской складчатых систем / Н. В. Kуликов, А. А. Терещенков Эндогенный режим Сахалина / Д. Ф. Семенов, Л. С. Маргулис, А. А. Апдреев, В. Ф. Евсеев О тектонике Охотского моря / Ю. С. Мавринский, В. А. Бабошина, Н. В. Kуликов, В. В. Харахинов Строение, развитие и перспективы нефтегазоносности подводных окраин Западной Африки и Восточной Азии / А. Ю. Юнов Формационный анализ осадочных бассейнов северо-западной части Тихоокеанскоrо пояса / Ю. K. Вурлин, О. K. Важенова Методика неотектонического анализа переходной зоны от континента к океану / Г. Ф. Уфимцев , Translation of Contents Preface Principles and methods for constructing tectonic maps of oil and gas-bearing territories of the USSR / G. Kh. Dikenshtein, Yu. N. Shvemberger, I. M. Aliev Content requirements and principles for constructing tectonic maps of oil and gas-bearing territories / V. S. Staroseltsev Quantitative approaches to tectonic zoning of oil and gas-bearing regions (on the example of the Yenisei-Lena regional megatrough) / Yu. N. Karogodin, A. I. Prokopenko Tectonics of the Paleozoic oil and gas complex of the south of the West Siberian Plate / N. P. Zapivalov, V. I. Moskovskaya, I. I. Pluman Tectonics and genesis of the West Siberian plate in the light of new geological and geophysical data / M. Ya. Rudkevich Relationship between rock fracturing and first-order plicative structures (using the example of the West Siberian Plate and the Vilyui hemisyneclise) / K. I. Mikulenko, E. D. Glukhmanchuk, L. A. Sechkina, G. G. Shemin Epicaledonian superimposed depressions and their gas content / E. D. Dumnov Features of the structure of the foundation of the Minusinsk intermountain trough / Ya. V. Shatov, P. S. Dolgushin, Z. V. Razilova Structural features of the platform cover of the western part of the Siberian platform in connection with the assessment of prospects for prospecting for oil and gas fields / V. D. Nakaryakov, K. N. Vasilyeva, A. M. Ivanov, V. E. Kucherov, V. G. Sibgatullin, Yu. A. Sharygin Analysis of paleotectonic movements of the Siberian platform in connection with the assessment of the generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons and the conservation of their deposits in pre-Mesozoic deposits / T. K. Bazhenova, Yu. I. Ipatov, K. K. Makarov, Yu. M. Shumenkova Tectonic zoning of the Vilyui hemisyneclise in connection with its oil and gas potential / V. E. Bakin, V. A. Bogdashev, A. A. Gudkov, K. I. Mikulenko, V. S. Sitnikov On the block structure and oil and gas content of the Tunguska basin / B. A. Sokolov, V. A. Egorov, Yu. R. Mazor, Yu. V. Piskarev History of formation and prospects for oil and gas potential of the Momo-3yryansk depression / B. I. Kim Results and problems of studying the tectonics of the western part of the Siberian platform and the Yenisei-Khatanga trough based on geological and geophysical data / V. I. Yaskevich, Yu. K. Yakovlev, A. P. Chetvergov, V. P. Klyuchko, V. I. Stepanov Tectonic analysis of platform structures by constructing amplitude graphs / E, M. Maksimov Tectonics o. Sakhalin and the adjacent shelf / V. V. Kharakhinov, V. E. Kononov, Yu. S. Mavrinsky, A. A. Tereshchepkov, Yu. A. Tronov Faults o. Sakhalin and the adjacent shelf / V. V. Kharakhinov, S. D. Galtsev-Bezyuk, Yu. S. Mavrinsky, A. A. Tereshchenko, I. M. Alperovich Main structural elements of the Hokkaido-Sakhalin folded region / V. I. Golovinsky, I. I. Tyutrin Deflections of the junction zone of the Sikhote-Alin and Hokkaido-Sakhalin fold systems / N. V. Kulikov, A. A. Tereshchenkov Endogenous regime of Sakhalin / D. F. Semenov, L. S. Margulis, A. A. Apdreev, V. F. Evseev On the tectonics of the Sea of Okhotsk / Yu. S. Mavrinsky, V. A. Baboshina, N. V. Kulikov, V. V. Kharakhinov Structure, development and prospects for oil and gas potential of the underwater margins of West Africa and East Asia / A. Yu. Yunov Formational analysis of sedimentary basins of the northwestern part of the Pacific belt / Yu. K. Vurlin, O. K. Vazhenova Methodology for neotectonic analysis of the transition zone from the continent to the ocean / G. F. Ufimtsev , In kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 51
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leipzig : Dt. Verl. für Grundstoffindustrie
    Call number: 13150 ; AWI G1-93-0026
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 198 S. : 105 Ill. (z.T. farb.), graph. Darst. und Kt. + 1 Beil.
    Edition: 7., durchges. Aufl.
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  • 52
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Wiss. Verl.-Ges.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: G 8130 ; AWI E1-82-0083
    In: Große Naturforscher
    Description / Table of Contents: In seiner Doktorarbeit behandelte er ein Thema aus der Astronomie. Sein Lehrbuch "Thermodynamik der Atmosphäre", das in mehreren Auflagen erschien, wies ihn als Meteorologen aus. In Graz erhielt er eine Professur nicht nur für die Wetterkunde, sondern auch für Geophysik. Bei vier großen Grönlandexpeditionen verwirklichte er seinen Jugendtraum, Polarforschung zu treiben. Und fast nur am Rande gehört hierher, daß er in jungen Jahren einen Weltrekord im Ballondauerflug aufgestellt hatte ... Von einer der großen, vielseitigen Forscherpersönlichkeiten unseres Jahrhunderts ist hier die Rede: von Alfred Wegener, der seinen dauerhaften Ruhm 1912 mit der revolutionären Hypothese begründete, wonach die Festländer gar nicht so "fest" seien, wie man bis dahin angenommen hatte, sondern daß sie im Laufe der Erdgeschichte langsam wanderten. Zu seinen Lebzeiten für die meisten ein "Märchenerzähler", wurde Wegener in jüngster Zeit, Jahrzehnte nach seinem tragischen Tod in Grönland, für viele ein "neuer Kopernikus": an Wegener schieden sich die Geister. Selten hat ein neues Gedankengebäude über die Entstehung der Erdkruste, ihrer Gebirge und Ozeane so anregend für Geologen und Geophysiker gewirkt wie die "Drifthypothese". Die von Professor M. Schwarzbach verfaßte Biographie zeichnet nicht nur ein Lebensbild Wegeners, sondern umfaßt damit gleichzeitig ein Stück Wissenschaftsgeschichte, ein herausragendes Kapitel der Erforschung der Erde - von der Verschiebung der Kontinente und der heute im Vordergrund stehenden "Plattentektonik" bis hin zur Eiszeitforschung, den Strahlungskurven von Milankovitch und der "nächsten Eiszeit".
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 159 S. , Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 3-8047-0582-0
    Series Statement: Große Naturforscher 42
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1. Alexander v. Humboldt und die Vorfahren von Alfred Wegener. - 2. Der Lebensweg von Alfred Wegener. - Berlin und die Studienjahre (1880-1904). - Lindenberg (1905-1906). - Marburg (1908-1918). - Hamburg (1919-1924). - Graz (1924-1930). - 3. Die Grönland-Reisen. - Die dänische "Danmark"-Expedition unter Leitung von L. Mylius-Erichsen (1906-08). - Die Durchquerung Nordgrönlands mit J. P. Koch (1912/13). - Die Vorexpedition nach Westgrönland unter Leitung von A. Wegener (1929). - Deutsche Grönland-Expedition Alfred Wegener, Hauptexpedition (1930/31). - Eine Schuldfrage?. - Rückblick auf die Grönland-Reisen. - 4. Alfred Wegener und Island. - Islands "Spalten" und die Drifthypothese. - 5. Das wissenschaftliche Lebenswerk von Alfred Wegener. - Der vielseitige Meteorologe. - Das Hauptwerk: Die wandernden Kontinente. - Kontinentalverschiebung und das Klima der Vorzeit. - Der ideale Schwiegervater. - Paläoklima und Kontinentalverschiebung. - Die Strahlungskurven von Milankovitch. - Warum Eiszeiten und Eiszeitalter?. - Ein Rückblick auf Köppen. - 6. Die ersten 40 Jahre der "wandernden Kontinente". - Der erste Vortrag und das erste Buch über kontinentale Drift. - Der Prophet gilt nichts in seinem Vaterlande. - Continental drift debate in New York, 1926. - Konvektionsströmungen: Ampferer, Schwinner, Holmes. - Africa forms the key. - Geodätische Beweise. Wegeners Irrtum. - 7. Die Wiedergeburt der "Kontinentalverschiebung": die Plattentektonik. - Tiefseeforschung und Paläomagnetismus. - Plattentektonik und Wegeners "Kontinentalverschiebungshypothese. - Gebirgsbildung und Pangaea. - Von der abstrakten Kunst zur Demoskopie. - Ein faszinierendes Gesamtbild. - 8. Ruhm und Nachruhm von Alfred Wegener. - 9. Schrifttum. - Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Schriften von A. Wegener. - Größere Veröffentlichungen über A. Wegener und seine letzte Grönlandfahrt. - Nachrufe, Gedenkaufsätze, Kurzbiographien, Film. - Einige Veröffentlichungen zur allgemeinen Einführung in die Plattentektonik. - Herkunft der Abbildungen. - 10. Anmerkungen. - Lebensdaten von A. Wegener. - 11. Register. - Namensverzeichnis. - Sachverzeichnis.
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  • 53
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
    Call number: AWI A3-17-90425
    Description / Table of Contents: The book by A. S. Monin "Introduction to the theory of climate" summarizes the principal notions, information and methods of the physical theory of climate in its contemporary sense which implies that the basis of this theory is formed by a physico-mathematical modelling of the climatic system the atmosphere-ocean-land. The book is meant for specialists dealing with investigations of atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and land hydrology.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 245 S.
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.
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  • 54
    Call number: MOP Per 581(1/7) ; ZSP-319/A-7
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Nr. 7
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 196 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 7
    Language: German , English
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis = Contents: Foreword. - Summaries. - Zwei Jahrzehnte Forschungsarbeiten der Geowissenschaftler der DDR auf Expeditionen = Two decades of expeditionary research work of geoscientists of the GDR / H. PESCHEL. - Methodische Aspekte der geologischen Erkundung des Subglazials am Beispiel des Hays-Gletschers = Methodological aspects of the geological investigation of the subglacial demonstrated by example of the Hays Glacier / H. DIETRICH. - Geodätisch-glaziologische Arbeiten in der Ostantarktis (1962 -1978) = Geodetic-glaciological activities carried out in East Antarctica between 1962 and 1978 / S. MEIER. - Geodätisch-glaziologische Wiederholungsmessungen am Hays-Gletscher 1977/78 = Geodetic-glaciological repetition measurements at the Hays Glacier /R. HOYER. - Gravimetrische Messungen und Erdgezeitenuntersuchungen in Antarktika = Gravimetric measurements and studies of earth tides in Antarctica / Cl. ELSTNER ; M. M. SCHNEIDER; H. WIRTH. - Vertikale Erdkrustenbewegungen und Potentialänderungen bei wechselnden Eis-Auflasten = Vertical earth crustal movements and variations in gravity potential related to changing ice load / R. DIETRICH. - Geodätisch-astronomische Arbeiten während der 8. und 17. SAE = Geodetic-astronomical activities during the 8th and 17th SAE / J. LIEBERT. - Zur Geologie der Gebirge in der Umrandung des Filchner-Eisschelfes = Geology of the mountain ranges surrounding the Filchner shelf ice / H. J. PAECH; J. HOFMANN; A. FRISCHBUTTER. - Tektonische Untersuchungen in der Gebirgsumrandung des Lambert-Gletschers, Ostantarktis = Tectonic investigations in the mountain ranges surrounding the Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica / J. HOFMANN. - Meteorologische Prozesse in der antarktischen Atmosphäre = Meteorological processes in the antarctic atmosphere / A. HELBIG. - Wettersatellitenbeobachtungen im Südpolargebiet = Weather satellite Observations in the south-polar region / H. GERNANDT. - Untersuchungen zur terrestrischen Refraktion und der thermischen Struktur der eisnahen Luftschicht in der Kilstenzone des Enderby-Landes/Antarktis (Kurzfassung) = Investigations of the terrestrial refraction and thermal structure of the near-ice air layer in the coastal zone of Enderby Land, Antarctica / G. DITTRICH; A. HELBIG. - Ergebnisse ionosphärischer Beobachtungen in hohen südlichen Breiten als Beitrag zur globalen Untersuchung der Hochatmosphäre = Results of ionospheric observations in high southern latitudes as a contribution to global investigations of the upper atmosphere / H. GERNANDT. - Forschungen mit Umweltnukliden in der Antarktis = Research with environmental nuclides in Antarctica / K. FRÖHLICH; H. SCHÜTZE. - Bioklimatisch-physiologische Untersuchungen einer DDR-Gruppe während der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition = Bioklimatic-physiological investigations of a group of GDR-participants during the 20th Soviet Antarctic expedition / L. KLINKER; W. SPANGENBERG. - Untersuchungen zur biologischen Langzeitrhytmik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung cirkaseptaner Variationen = Investigations of the biological long-term rhythmic with particular emphasis on 7-day variations / M. TÖPFER. - Körperliche Belastung und Sauerstoffverbrauch - Untersuchungsergebnisse von der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition = Physical stress and Oxygen consumption - results of investigations during the 20th SAE / G. SCHRADER; L. KLINKER. - Umweltuntersuchungen während der 20. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition zum Vorkommen von resistenten Clostridienstämmen im Boden und zur Verbreitung von DDT in der Fauna der Antarktis = Environmental investigations during the 20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE) relating to occurence in the soil of resistent phylla of clostridia and to the distribution of DDT in the antarctic fauna / G. SCHRADER. - Ergebnisse und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der geoelektromagnetischen und technischen Untersuchungen auf Spitzbergen = Results and possibilities for application of geo-electromagnetic and technical investigations at Spitsbergen / V. AUSTER; K. LENGNING. - Tritium- und 14C-Untersuchungen im Rahmen der Antarktisforschung der DDR = Tritium and 14C investigations in the framewerk of GDR research activities in Antarctica /D. HEBERT; K. FRÖHLICH; M. M. SCHNEIDER. - Autorenverzeichnis. , Zusammenfassungen in englischer Sprache
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  • 55
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik bei der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 581(2/10) ; ZSP-319/B-10
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 86 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7585
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 10
    Language: German , English
    Note: Inhalt: I. PFP-Periode Juli 1966. - 1. The variation of the geomagnetic field in middle and high latitude during the period from June, 28th to July, 13th, 1966 / A. Best, G. Fanselau, A. Grafe, H.-R. Lehmann, Chr.-Ulr. Wagner. - 2. Some characteristics of the disturbances of the ionospheric F2 region, following the proton flares of July and September 1966, and May 1967 / H. Lange, J. Taubenheim. - 3. Remarks on the storage of energy leading to impulsive bursts and proton flares / A. Krüger. - II. PFP-Periode August-September 1966. - 4. The radio bursts associated with the active region of the second PFP-period 1966 / A. Böhme, A. Krüger. - 5. On the type IV events of 1966, August 28th and September 2nd / A. Böhme, A. Krüger. - 6. The variations of the geomagnetic field in northern latitudes and of the ring-current field during the proton flare events from 27th August to 7th September, 1966. - 7. Effects in the lower ionosphere during the September 1966 PFP-Event / R. Knuth, E. A. Lauter, W. Lippert. - Autorenverzeichnis. , Mit Text in englischer Sprache
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  • 56
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : Wykeham Publications
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI A5-16-89783
    In: The Wykeham science Series ; 3, 3
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xv, 240 S. , Ill., graph. Darst. , 22 cm
    Edition: Repr.
    ISBN: 0851090400
    Series Statement: The Wykeham science series 3
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Symbols, units and numerical values. - 1. The nature and scope of meteorology. - 1.1. Meteorology in relation to other sciences. - 1.2. Variations in space and time. - 1.3. Applied meteorology. - 2. Physical properties of the atmosphere. - 2.1. Composition of dry air. - 2.1.1. Mean molecular weight. - 2.1.2. Dissociation and ionization. - 2.1.3. Escape to space of component molecules. - 2.2. Pressure, density and temperature. - 2.2.1. Definition of pressure. - 2.2.2. Values near sea level. - 2.2.3. Variations in the vertical. - 2.2.4. Diurnal fluctuations at upper levels. - 2.2.5. Horizontal pressure gradients. - 2.3. Water vapour. - 2.3.1. Humidity mixing ratio. - 2.3.2. Density of moist air. - 2.3.3. Saturation vapour pressure. - 2.3.4. Paths leading to saturation. - 2.3.5. Measurement of vapour pressure. - 2.3.6. Distribution of water vapour. - 3. Heat transfer. - 3.1. Radiation processes. - 3.1.1. Solar radiation: its energy distribution. - 3.1.2. The solar constant. - 3.1.3. Effect of the atmosphere and earth on solar radiation. - 3.1.4. Radiation from the earth and atmosphere. - 3.2. Convection. - 3.2.1. Adiabatic temperature changes. - 3.2.2. Adiabatic equation. - 3.2.3. Potential temperature: dry adiabatic lapse rate. - 3.2.4 Saturated adiabatic lapse rate. - 3.2.5. Stability and instability. - 3.3. Heat transfer in land and sea. - 3.3.1. Heating and cooling of soil. - 3.3.2. Heating and cooling of water. - 4. Condensation and precipitation. - 4.1. Microphysical processes. - 4.1.1 Condensation nuclei. - 4.1.2. Curvature and solute effects. - 4.1.3. Water-droplet clouds. - 4.1.4. Ice nuclei. - 4.1.5. Ice-crystal clouds. - 4.1.6. Precipitation from water clouds. - 4.1.7. Precipitation from mixed clouds. - 4.1.8. Thunderstorm electricity. - 4.2. Larger-scale processes. - 4.2.1. Surface cooling. - 4.2.2. Evaporation. - 4.2.3. Vertical motion. - 4.3. Cloud observations. - 4.3.1. Cloud genera: their heights and composition. - 4.3.2. Cloud recognition and general features. - 4.3.3. Effects of vertical wind shear. - 4.3.4. Cloud classification for forecasting. - 5. The tephigram. - 5.1. Construction of the diagram. - 5.1.1. Coordinates: area and energy. - 5.1.2. Isobars. - 5.1.3. Saturation mixing ratio lines. - 5.1.4. Saturated adiabatics. - 5.1.5. Height variation. - 5.2. Simple graphical computations. - 5.2.1. Height. - 5.2.2. Humidity elements. - 5.2.3. Condensation levels. - 5.2.4. Föhn effects. - 5.3. Precipitable water and precipitation rate. - 5.3.1. Formula and calculation. - 5.3.2. Precipitation rate. - 5.3.3. Water content of convection clouds. - 5.4. The effects of vertical motion on lapse rate. - 5.4.1. Unsaturated or saturated motion. - 5.4.2. Potential (convective) instability. - 5.5. Tephigram analysis. - 5.5.1. Latent instability. - 5.5.2. Air mass characteristics. - 6. Winds. - 6.1. Laws of motion and the earth's rotation. - 6.1.1. Newton's First and Second Laws. - 6.1.2. Nature of the earth's rotation. - 6.1.3. Effects of the earth's rotation: the Coriolis force. - 6.2. Inertial flow and geostrophic winds. - 6.2.1. Nature of inertial flow. - 6.2.2. Nature of geostrophic flow. - 6.2.3. Geostrophic wind equation. - 6.2.4. Wind and pressure near the equator. - 6.3. Gradient winds. - 6.4. Winds in the friction layer. - 6.5. Thermal winds. - 6.5.1. Vertical shear vector. - 6.5.2. Temperature control of the shear vector. - 6.5.3. Thermal wind equation and thickness charts. - 6.5.4. Hodographs and temperature advection. - 6.5.5. Jet streams. - 7. Instruments and observations. - 7.1. Routine surface observations. - 7.1.1. Pressure. - 7.1.2. Temperature and humidity. - 7.1.3. Precipitation and evaporation. - 7.1.4. Wind. - 7.1.5. Clouds and visibility. - 7.1.6. Sunshine and radiation. - 7.1.7. Ship observations. - 7.2. Upper air observations. - 7.2.1. Historical. - 7.2.2. The radiosonde: radar winds. - 7.2.3. Ozone measurements. - 7.3. World Weather Watch. - 7.4. Experiments in observation and interpretation. - 7.4.1. Pressure. - 7.4.2. Temperature and humidity. - 7.4.3. Evaporation and rainfall. - 7.4.4. Wind. - 7.4.5. Radiation. - 7.4.6. Topographical influences. - 8. Synoptic Meteorology. - 8.1. The surface weather map: an introduction. - 8.1.1. The plotting code. - 8.1.2. Pressure systems and features. - 8.1.3. Air masses. - 8.1.4. Fronts. - 8.2. Air mass characteristics. - 8.2.1. Classification. - 8.2.2. Modifications. - 8.2.3. Air masses over the British Isles. - 8.3. Frontal characteristics. - 8.3.1. The stability of a frontal surface. - 8.3.2. Equilibrium slope of a frontal surface. - 8.3.3. Frontal structure. - 8.4. Frontal depressions. - 8.4.1. The life cycle of a frontal depression. - 8.4.2. Cold front waves; depression families. - 8.4.3. Warm front waves. - 8.4.4. Secondaries at points of occlusion. - 8.5. Non-frontal depressions. - 8.5.1. Heat lows. - 8.5.2. Polar lows. - 8.5.3. Orographic lows. - 8.5.4. Tropical cyclones. - 8.5.5. Tornadoes. - 8.6. Anticyclones. - 8.6.1. General characteristics. - 8.6.2. Cold and warm anticyclones. - 8.7 Synoptic development. - 8.7.1. Convergence, divergence and vertical motion. - 8.7.2. Convergence and vorticity. - 8.7.3 Long waves. - 8.7.4. Circulation indices: blocking. - 8.8. Surface analysis. - 8.8.1. General. - 8.8.2. Representativeness of observations. - 8.8.3. METMAPS. - 9. Micrometeorology. - 9.1. The nature of airflow near the ground. - 9.1.1. Wind speeds over a uniform level surface. - 9.1.2. Flow within a fluid boundary layer. - 9.1.3. Shearing stress via the mixing length concept. - 9.1.4. The friction velocity u*. - 9.1.5. Interpretation of the mixing length concept. - 9.1.6. The wind profile equation in complete form. - 9.2. The influence of surface roughness on the wind. - 9.2.1. Roughness in the aerodynamic sense. - 9.2.2. Roughness in relation to shearing stress and mean wind speed. - 9.2.3. The drag coefficient CD. - 9.2.4. CD as a transfer coefficient. - 9.2.5. Effect of a change in surface roughness. - 9.3. Vertical transport by turbulence. - 9.3.1. Flux equations; use of electrical analogy. - 9.3.2. Heat flux and other calculations. - 9.3.3. Vertical temperature gradients in relation to turbulent exchange. - 10. The general circulation. - 10.1. General characteristics. - 10.1.1. Genesis and interactions. - 10.1.2. Time fluctuations. - 10.2. Observations. - 10.2.1. Time- and space-averaging. - 10.2.2. Tracers. - 10.3. Experiment and theory. - 10.3.1. The rotating vessel experiment. - 10.3.2. Conservation principles. - 10.3.3. Cellular models. - 10.4. Climatic zones. - 11. Weather forecasting. - 11.1. Historical survey. - 11.1.1. 1860-1920. - 11.1.2. 1920-1945. - 11.1.3. 1945-1960. - 11.1.4. 1960 onwards. - 11.2. Conventional forecasting. - 11.2.1. Pressure tendency. - 11.2.2. Making the forecast. - 11.3. Long-range forecasting. - 11.3.1. Statistical methods. - 11.3.2. Synoptic methods. - 11.3.3. Analogues. - 11.4. Numerical forecasting. - 11.4.1. The barotropic model. - 11.4.2. Later developments. - 11.5. Predictability and control. - 11.5.1. Short-range predictability. - 11.5.2. Medium-range predictability. - 11.5.3. Long-range predictability: climatic trends. - 11.5.4. Weather and climate modification. - Answers to Problems. - Subject Index. - The Wykeham Series.
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  • 57
    Call number: AWI S1-18-91339
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 608 S.
    Edition: 4. ed., repr.
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Scientific Publ.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI Bio-99-0079-2
    In: The Northwest European Pollen Flora, II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 265 S. , zahlr. Ill.
    ISBN: 0444418806
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.
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  • 59
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/36
    In: CRREL Report, 82-36
    Description / Table of Contents: Camp construction and drilling activities in 1950 at the East Oumalik drill site in northern Alaska caused extensive degradation of ice-rich, perennially frozen silt and irreversible modification of the upland terrain. In a study of the long-term degradational effects at this site, the near-surface geology was defined by drilling and coring 76 holes (maximum depth of 34 m) in disturbed and undisturbed areas and by laboratory analyses of these cores. Terrain disturbances, including bulldozed roads and excavations, camp structures and off-road vehicle trails, were found to have severely disrupted the site's thermal regime. This led to a thickening of the active layer, melting of the ground ice, thaw subsidence and thaw consolidation of the sediments. Slumps, sediment gravity flows and collapse of materials on slopes bounding thaw depressions expanded the degradation laterally, with thermal and hydraulic erosion removing materials as the depressions widened and deepened with time. Degradational processes became less active after thawed sediments thickened sufficiently to slow the increase in the depth of thaw and permit slope stabilization. The site's terrain is now irregular and hummocky with numerous depressions. Seasonal thaw depths are deeper in disturbed areas than in undisturbed areas and reflect the new moisture conditions and morphology. The severity of disturbance is much greater at East Oumalik than at another old drill site, Fish Creek. The difference results primarily from differences in the physical properties of the sediments, including the quantity and distribution of ground ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-36
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Methodology Geologic setting Camp construction and occupation Types of disturbance Degradational processes and the effective area of impact Areal effects of disturbance Topography Groundwater, surface water and drainage Sediment properties and near-surface stratigraphy Surficial processes Depth of thaw Comparison to Fish Creek Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 60
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/34
    In: CRREL Report, 82-34
    Description / Table of Contents: The ice discharge through an opening in an ice control structure was documented to be a function of the floe size, ice type, ice floe conditions and vessel direction. The model data for the average ice discharge per vessel transit scaled to prototype values compared favorably with data taken at the St. Marys River ice control structure (ICS). The model results of the force measurements were also consistent with data taken at the St. Marys ICS. The dynamic loading conditions were independent of vessel direction. The dynamic loading to the structure using 3 types of ice (plastic, natural and urea-doped) showed a considerable difference in their means and standard deviations. The urea-doped ice was evaluated for dynamic loading conditions, and reasonable peak values of 3 to 5 times the mean load at each measuring position were recorded, independent of vessel direction. It appears that synthetic random ice floes may be used in model studies where ice discharge through an opening in a structure needs to be documented. This study shows the synthetic random ice floe discharge to fall reasonably within the values obtained for natural ice discharge for both rafted and non-rafted ice fields above the ICS. However, the question of whether synthetic ice can be used for analyzing force distributions and dynamic force loading criteria cannot be fully answered at this time because the load distributions of the synthetic and natural floes appear to differ.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 68 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-34
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Scope of work Ice discharge from Lake Huron into St. Clair River Water velocity profiles at Port Huron Ice conditions Physical model Basis for selection Description Instrumentation Model ice control structure Open water calibration Open water tests Experimental procedures and techniques Ice cover calibration Ice control structure orientation Analysis of ice discharge due to ship transits Natural ice Synthetic ice Forces on the ice control structure Static measurements Dynamic force measurements Potential additional shear stresses Anticipated ice conditions with ICS Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Application of model results Appendix B. Suggested additional studies Appendix C. Derivation of ice discharge
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  • 61
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/38
    In: CRREL Report, 82-38
    Description / Table of Contents: Extreme cold causes heavy buildup of frost, ice and condensation on many windows. It also increases the incentive for improving the airtightness of windows against heat loss. Our study shows that tightening specifications for Alaskan windows to permit only 30% of the air leakage allowed by current American airtightness standards is economically attractive. We also recommend triple glazing in much of Alaska to avoid window icing in homes and barracks. We base our conclusions on a two-year field study of Alaskan military bases that included recording humidity and temperature data, observing moisture accumulation on windows and measuring airtightness with a fan pressurization device.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-38
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Previous work in cold weather window performance Investigation Data acquisition and analysis Modeling the window thermal regime Moisture and ice observations Airtightness testing and analysis Annual heat loss from air leakage Results and conclusions Moisture on windows Airtightness Airtightness economics Recommendations for windows in extreme cold Airtightness Multiple glazing Literature cited Appendix A: Moisture levels and airtightness Appendix B: Dewpoint data Appendix C: Sample observations of icing
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  • 62
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/37
    In: CRREL Report, 82-37
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents a Landsat-derived land cover map of the northwest portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. The report is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to the land cover map with detailed descriptions of the mapping methods and legend. The second part is a description of the study area. The classification system used for the maps is an improvement over existing methods of describing tundra vegetation. It is a comprehensive method of nomenclature that consistently applies the same criteria for all vegetation units. It is applicable for large- and small-scale mapping and is suitable for describing vegetation complexes, which are common in the patterned-ground terrain of the Alaskan Arctic. The system is applicable to Landsat-derived land cover classifications. The description of the study area focuses on five primary terrain types: flat thaw-lake plains, hilly coastal plains, foothills, mountainous terrain, and river flood plains. Topography, landforms, soils and vegetation are described for each terrain type. The report also contains area summaries for the Landsat-derived map categories. The area summaries are generated for the five terrain types and for the 89 townships within the study areas. Two land cover maps at 1:250,000 are included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 68 Seiten , Illustrationen, 2 Karten
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-37
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction A land cover map of the ANWR study area Legend development Mapping method Results Discussion Description of the ANWR study area General description Description of specific terrain types Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Descriptions of Landsat land cover categories for ANWR Appendix B: Area summaries Appendix C: Aproximate equivalent units in several systems of land cover, wetland and vegetation classifications used in northern Alaska Appendix D: Soil taxonomy Appendix E: Summary of principal Landsat land cover categories within the terrain types of the ANWR study area
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  • 63
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434-2
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 218 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,2
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
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  • 64
    Call number: AWI A3-20-93434
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 121 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,1
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
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  • 65
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/19
    In: CRREL Report, 82-19
    Description / Table of Contents: Under proper design and management, a forest ecosystem in the central United States should renovate municipal wastewater as long or longer than conventional agricultural systems, especially when design limitations are hydraulic loading rate, heavy metals, P and N. Forest systems require smaller buffer zones than agricultural systems and lower sprinkler pressures. Immature forests are better wastewater renovators than mature forests.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Forest systems design Pretreatment Distribution systems Public health considerations Buffer zone requirements Toxic effects Public access Hydraulic loading Nutrient uptake and loading Introduction Nitrogen Phosphorus Trace metals Design considerations Hydraulic loading rates Nitrogen loading rates Forest management options Reforestation Existing forest ecosystems Short term rotation plantations Potential long term effects on forest ecosystems Longevity of forest systems Consequences of overloading Soil chemical, physical and hydrologic properties Productivity Summary Literature cited
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  • 66
    Series available for loan
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/18
    In: CRREL Report, 82-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Snow and ice control on highways has come to rely heavily on the use of sodium chloride to maintain a trafficable surface for unimpeded movement. Empirical approaches have led to a wide range of application rates, some clearly excessive, but justified on the ground of safety and expediency. The combination of environmental degradation from the huge quantities of salt entering the environment, along with the increased cost of salt itself and the cost of its application have spurred the search for more precise knowledge of the proper amount of salt to apply to a pavement, considering a range of environmental, traffic and chemical parameters. Since controlled tests in the field are extremely difficult to make, a circular test track of three test pavements, dense-graded asphaltic concrete (DGA), open-graded asphaltic concrete (DGA) and portland cement concrete (PCC), was constructed in a coldroom. Natural snow and ice were applied to the pavements and an instrumented slipping wheel was driven over the surfaces to generate frictional forces. These forces were measured and then used to evaluate the response to salt application with time for three test temperatures. OGA had the lowest friction values at a temperature near the freezing point, but higher initial values or more rapidly increasing values than DGA and PCC following salt application at the two lower temperatures. Optimum application rate of salt on PCC and DGA lies between 100 and 300 lb/lane mile (LM), and a higher rate resulted in slight or no improvement in friction. DGA showed anomalous results: lower friction for 300 Ib/LM and higher friction for both 100 and 500 Ib/LM.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Background Approach Influencing factors Field factors Laboratory Laboratory trafficking tests Force measurement and coefficient of friction Test tire slip Surface friction gauge Test procedure British portable tester Experimental results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Test pavements Appendix B. Pennsylvania State University field study Appendix C. Rochester Institute of Technology field study
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  • 67
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/17
    In: CRREL Report, 82-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Seismic P and SH wave refraction experiments at the NATO RSG-11 test site in Munster Nord, Federal Republic of Germany, reveal the presence of a nearly horizontal, three-layer velocity structure. The upper layer, composed of un­consolidated glacial till, is 1 m thick and has P (compressional) and SH (shear-horizontal) wave velocities of 240 and 165 m s-1. The second layer, made up of similar, more compacted material, is 9.5 m thick, with a P wave velocity of 470 m s-1 and an SH wave velocity of 275 m s-1. The third layer, interpreted as the groundwater table, is located at a depth of 10.5 m and has a P wave velocity of 1590 m s-1. The SH wave velocity of this layer is controlled by the matrix material and is the same as that of the second layer. A single, unreversed observation indicated a fourth layer at a depth of about 20 m, but the existence of this layer remains unconfirmed. The observed fundamental mode Love wave dispersion is in agreement with the theoretical dispersion predicted by the refraction velocities. Computed partial derivatives of phase velocity with respect to shear wave velocity show, for the frequencies observed, that the dispersion confirms the thicknesses and velocities of the two upper layers and is not affected by the deeper structure.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Refraction experiments Procedure Equipment Results P waves Low velocity zone SH waves Surface wave experiments Summary and discussion Literature cited Appendix A: P wave refraction data Appendix B: SH wave refraction data. Appendix C: Surface wave dispersion calculations
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  • 68
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/15
    In: CRREL Report, 82-15
    Description / Table of Contents: An experiment is described that demonstrates the balance between the ice and the unfrozen water in a frozen soil as water is removed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to monitor the unfrozen water content as the soil is dehydrated by a molecular sieve material. Our results show that the unfrozen water content of a Morin clay soil remains constant until the total water content has been reduced to the point where no ice remains in the system. Once the ice is depleted, the unfrozen water content determined by NMR corresponds to the total water content of the soil determined by the weight of water removed by the molecular sieve material. Thus the validity of utilizing NMR in determining unfrozen water contents vs temperature is established.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-15
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/16
    In: CRREL Report, 82-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model which employs a viscous-plastic constitutive law has been applied to the East Greenland area. The model is run on a 40-km spatial scale at 1/4-day time steps for a 60-day period with forcing data beginning on 1 October 1979. Results tend to verify that the model predicts reasonable thicknesses and velocities within the ice margin. Thermodynamic ice growth produces excessive ice extent, however, probably due to inadequate parameterization of oceanic heat flux. Ice velocities near the free ice edge are also not well simulated, and preliminary investigations attribute this to an improper wind field in this area. A simulation which neglects ice strength, effectively damping ice interaction with itself and allowing no resistance to deformation, produces excessive ice drift toward the coast and results in unrealistic nearshore thicknesses. A dynamics-only simulation produced reasonable results, including a more realistic ice extent, but the need for proper thermodynamics is also apparent. Other simulations verify that ice import from the Arctic Basin, and ice transport due to winds and currents, were also important components in the model studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen , 29 cm
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Model description and application Results and discussion Wind and current fields Standard simulation Thermodynamic simulation Zero ice strength Zero ice import Zero currents Modified currents Zero winds Dynamics simulation Summary and concluding remarks Literature cite
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  • 70
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/20
    In: CRREL Report, 80-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of impulse radar studies of sea ice give support to the concept of a sea ice model in which the ice bottom is composed of an array of lossy parallel plate waveguides. The fundametal relation between the average bulk brine volume of sea ice and its electrical and strength properties is discussed as is the remote detection of under-ice current alignment. It was found that 1) the average effective bulk dielectric constant is dependent upon the average bulk brine volume of the sea ice; 2) sea ice anisotropy, arising from a bottom structure of crystal platelets with a preferred c-axis horizontal alignment, can be detected by radio echo sounding measurements made not only on the ice surface but also from an airborne platform; 3) the effective coefficient of reflection from the seaiIce bottom decreases with increasing average effective bulk dielectric constant of the ice, decreases with increasing bulk brine volume, and is typically one to two orders of magnitude lower dhan the coefficient of reflection from the ice surface; and 4) the losses In sea ice increase with increasing average bulk brine volume.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures
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  • 71
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/4
    In: CRREL Report, 80-4
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) prepare a map from Landsat imagery of the Upper Susitna River Basin drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, 2) identify possible faults and lineaments within the upper basin and within a 100-km radius of the proposed Devil Canyon and Watana dam sites as observed on Landsat imagery, and 3) prepare a Landsat-derived map showing the distribution of surficial geologic materials and poorly drained areas. The EROS Digital Image Enhancement System (EDIES) provided computer- enhanced images of Landsat-1 scene 5470-19560. The EDIES false color composite of this scene was used as the base for mapping drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, six surficial geologic materials units and poorly drained areas. We used some single-band and other color composites of Landsat images during interpretation. All the above maps were prepared by photointerpretation of Landsat images without using computer analysis, aerial photographs, field data, or published reports. These other data sources were used only after the mapping was completed to compare and verify the information interpreted and delineations mapped from the Landsat images. Four Landsat-1 MSS band 7 winter scenes were used in the photomosaic prepared for the lineament mapping. We mapped only those lineaments related to reported regional tectonics, although there were many more lineaments evident on the Landsat photomosaic.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary
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  • 72
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/27
    In: CRREL Report, 80-27
    Description / Table of Contents: No general, analytical solution exists for phase change around a cylinder, thus, approximate methods have been evaluated. The heat balance integral technique applied to the cylinder gave excellent results when compared to published numerical solutions. Graphical solutions are given for phase change about a cylinder for ranges of the Stefan number, superheat parameter, and property value ratios for typical soils. An approximate, general solution has been derived which is reasonably accurate and can be used for any values of the above-mentioned parameters. The effective thermal diffusivity method has been shown to be useful for practical problems of phase change.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Zero superheat Constant phase change rate Zero sensible heat Finite sensible heat Finite superheat Quasi-steady solution Heat balance integral solution Approximate methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 73
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/26
    In: CRREL Report, 80-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A vital concern to the survivability of hardened underground structures in rock is the relative displacement induced along geologic discontinuities by nearby explosions. Such displacement, commonly termed block motion, can occur along faults, joints, bedding planes and other structural weaknesses in rock. This report documents all occurrences of block motion observed during the development of DIHEST, a series of shallow-buried high explosive experiments designed to simulate the direct induced ground motions from a nuclear surface burst. Instances of block motion are described, along with pertinent details of the explosive arrays, geology and ground motion fields. The influence of these and other factors on the direction and magnitude of block motion is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 62 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited
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  • 74
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/31
    In: CRREL Report, 80-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice accretion on structures built on the earth’s surface is discussed. Sources of water are the atmosphere or water bodies near or surrounding the structure. Ice types include frost, rime, glaze, and spray; properties and conditions governing their formation are presented. Methods of estimating accretion rates and total accretion on structures are given, and extracts from U.S. and Canadian codes for ice and wind loads on structures are included. Techniques for preventing or removing ice accretion are presented.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface 1. Types of ice accretion a. Frost b. Rime c. Glaze d. Spray ice 2. Conditions governing type of accreted ice a. Meteorological b. Structural 3. Accretion rates a. Fundamentals b. Effect of height c. Geographical distribution 4. Spray icing 5. Structural design factors a. Dead loads b. Wind field in the boundary layer c. Windloads 6. Techniques for minimizing structural icing 7. Data collection needs 8. Literature cited
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  • 75
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/8
    In: CRREL Report, 80-8
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the tests on the new U.S. Coast Guard 140-ft icebreaker Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) in the level plate ice and brash ice in Whitefish Bay and the St. Marys River. The results indicate that the vessel can penetrate 22 in. of level freshwater ice with 2-3 in. of snow cover. It can also penetrate up to 48 in. of brash ice in a continuous mode and at least 30 in. of plate ice by backing and ramming. The installed bubbler system decreased the required power of the vessel from 10 to 30% in brash ice and 25 to 35% in level ice. The low friction coating appears to be effective in decreasing the friction factor when it remains intact; when it peels off it appears to make conditions worse than plain paint. An average dynamic friction factor of 0.15 could be used over the entire hull for these tests.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Roughness and friction measurements Level plate ice performance Brash ice performance Ramming icebreaking performance Analysis of the data Propulsion efficiency in ice Regression analysis Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 76
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/10
    In: CRREL Report, 80-10
    Description / Table of Contents: A mathematical model of coupled heat and moisture flow in soils has been developed. The model includes algorithms for phase change of soil moisture and frost heave and permits several types of boundary and initial conditions. The finite element method of weighted residual (Galerkin procedure) was chosen to simulate the spatial regime and the Crank-Nicholson method was used for the time domain portion of the model. To facilitate evaluation of the model, the heat and moisture fluxes were essentially decoupled; moisture flux was then simulated accurately, as were heat flux and frost heave in a laboratory test. Comparison of the simulated and experimental data illustrates the importance of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. It is one parameter which is difficult to measure and for which only a few laboratory test results are available. Therefore, unsaturated hydraulic conductivities calculated in the computer model may be a significant source of error in calculations of frost heave. The algorithm incorporating effects of surcharge and overburden was inconclusively evaluated. Time-dependent frost penetration and frost heave in laboratory specimens were closely simulated with the model. After 10 days of simulation, the computed frost heave was about 2.3 cm vs 2.0 cm and 2.8 cm in two tests. Frost penetration was computed as 15 cm and was measured at 12.0 cm and 12.2 cm in the two laboratory samples after 10 days.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction One-dimensional equations of simultaneous heat and moisture flux Moisture transport Heat transport Phase change Coupling effects Frost heave algorithm Development of computer model Finite difference vs finite element method Finite element formulation Time domain solution Evaluation of the mathematical model Heat flux Moisture flux Numerical dispersion Frost heave of homogeneous laboratory samples Conclusions Recommended studies to refine the model Literature cited Appendix A. Work plan, staffing and instrumentation requirements for correlating results oflaboratory frost susceptibility tests with field performance Appendix B. Proposed investigation of thaw weakening of subgrade soil and granular unboundbase course Appendix C. Derivation of finite element system matrices
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  • 77
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/6
    In: CRREL Report, 82-6
    Description / Table of Contents: The interpretation of continuous radar profiles requires an alternative geophysical means of obtaining ground dielectric information. Ground dielectric properties were measured using wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) soundings with a ground-probing radar set that transmits pulses f a few nanoseconds duration. The investigations, carried out over sandy gravel in interior Alaska, provided dielectric data to about a 5-m depth. The WARR soundings were displayed as individual traces allowing interference between separate events and dispersion to be observed, and the soundings were compared with continuous radar and resistivity profiles conducted concurrently to extract the maximum amount of dielectric information. The dielectric constants, derived mainly from the direct ground waves propagating along the surface, ranged from 2.9 to 7.4. Dielectric values interpreted for one site predicted the possibility of a refracted event which may have occurred during one of the soundings.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory of ground wave propagation from a horizontal electric dipole Equipment and methods Results Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited
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  • 78
    Call number: AWI Bio-23-95083
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 606 Seiten , Illustrationen , 19 cm
    Edition: 87., völlig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage von Werner Rauh und Karlheinz Senghas
    ISBN: 3-494-00327-0
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung: Erklärung der botanischen Fachausdrücke Einige Bemerkungen zur Gliederung des Pflanzenreiches und zur Nomenklatur der Pflanzen Bemerkungen zur Umgrenzung des von der „Flora" erfaßten Gebietes Angaben zur Häufigkeit der Pflanzen Zur Verbreitung der Pflanzen Kurze Bemerkungen zur Geschichte der mitteleuropäischen Flora Naturschutz Hinweise zum Sammeln und Bestimmen von Pflanzen Alphabetisches Verzeichnis häufiger botanischer Fachausdrücke Anleitung zum Gebrauch der Bestimmungstabellen Erklärung der im Text verwendeten Abkürzungen Abkürzungen für Verbreitungsangaben im Gebiet Erläuterung der verschiedenen Druckarten in den Tabellen Das der „Flora" zugrundeliegende System der Pflanzen Tabelle zum Bestimmen der Hauptgruppen Tabellen zum Bestimmen der Familien Tabellen zum Bestimmen der Familien und Gattungen der Blütenpflanzen nach vorwiegend vegetativen Merkmalen Abteilung: Pteridophyta, Gefäßsporenpflanzen Abteilung: Spermatophyta, Samenpflanzen 1. Unterabteilung: Gymnospermae, Nacktsamige Pflanzen 2. Unterabteilung: Angiospermae, Bedecktsamige Pflanzen 1. Klasse: Dicotyledoneae, Zweikeimblättrige Pflanzen 2. Klasse: Monocotyledoneae, Einkeimblättrige Pflanzen Literaturverzeichnis Verzeichnis der geschützten Pflanzenarten Verzeichnis der abgekürzten Autorennamen Verzeichnis der lateinischen und deutschen Pflanzennamen
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  • 79
    Call number: AWI G6-18-91719
    Type of Medium: Dissertations
    Pages: 34 S.
    Edition: gekürzte Ausg.
    Language: German
    Note: Frankfurt am Main, Univ., Diss., 1969
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  • 80
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Palisades : Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University
    Call number: AWI G2-19-92382
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 690 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTERNAL CYCLING AND THROUGHPUT : Pathways from River Mouth to Sea Floor Depth Profiles of Sea Salt Composition Constituent Classification The Chemical Composition of Marine Organic Matter Composition of Particulate Matter Caught in Sediment Traps A Simple Model for Biologically Utilized CDnstituents The Distributions of Biointermediate Constituents Estimation of Input Rates Horizontal Segregation of CDnstituents in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 2 THE SEDIMENTARY SINK Factors Influencing the Distribution of Sedimentary Constituents Introduction Sediment Types Distribution of Opal Production Opal Solution on the Sea Floor Distribution of Calcite in Marine Sediments Degree of Calcite Saturation Variation in the Carbonate Ion Content of Sea Water Spacial Variations in the CaC0 3 Saturation of Sea Water Factors Controlling the Rate of Calcite Solution Thickness and Shape of the Sublysocline Transition Zone Variation of Sediment Type with Time Manganese Nodules Summary CHAPTER 3 THE ATMOSPHERIC IMPRINT : The Cycles of Gases within the Sea Introduction Solubilities of Gases in Sea Water The Rate of Gas Exchange Stagnant Film Thickness Derived from Natural Radiocarbon Stagnant Film Thicknesses Determined by the Radon Method Oxygen Concentrations in Surface Ocean Water Oxygen Deficiencies in the Deep Sea The Marine N2O Cycle Excess Helium The Carbon Dioxide Content of Surface Ocean Water Origin of the Equatorial Pacific CO2 Anomaly Summary CHAPTER 4 REACTIVE METALS AND THE GREAT PARTICULATE SWEEP : The Cycle of Metals in the Sea Introduction Products of Uranium and Thorium Decay Thorium Isotopes in the Sea Protactinium-231 to Thorium-230 Activity Ratios The Distribution of Lead-210 The Distribution of Polonium-210 The Distribution of Radium-226 Anthropogenic Plutonium in the Sea Toward a Model of Metal Transport Distributions of Stable Metals in the Sea Stable Isotope Ratios in Reactive Metals Transport of Iron and Manganese in the Sea Lessons from Controlled Ecosystem Studies Distribution Coefficients Summary CHAPTER 5 HOW FAST DOES THE MILL GRIND? : Rates of Vertical Mixing and Sediment Accumulation Introduction Rate of Vertical Mixing Implication to the Distribution of Radium-226 Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Rate of Continental Runoff Sediment Accumulation Rates Radiocarbon Dating Uranium Series Dating Beryllium Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Agreement Among Dating Methods Comparison of Model and Observed Rates of CaC0 3 Solution Summary CHAPTER 6 WHAT KEEPS THE SYSTEM IN WHACK? : Control Mechanisms Operating in the Sea Introduction Phosphate Controls Silicate Controls Carbon Controls Interactions between the Phosphate and Carbon Controls Nitrate Controls Dissolved Oxygen Controls Major Anion Controls Major Cation Controls Possible Causes for Perturbations Recorders of Paleoocean Chemistry The Marine Geochemistry of Carbon-13 The Uranium Content of Coral Factors Influencing Nutrient Gradients in the Deep Sea Summary CBAPTER 7 FREIGHT TRAINS AND FICKIAN CONFUSION : The Movement of Water Through the Deep Sea Introduction Types of Motion One Dimensional Advection - Diffusion Model Tracers for Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Mixing Rates Based on Radon-222 and Radium-228 The Distribution of Helium-3 in the Deep Pacific Sources of Deep Water Northern Component Water Conservative Properties of NCW Initial Radiocarbon to Carbon Ratio in NCW Feed for NCW Production Southern Component Water Ventilation of the Deep Atlantic Ocean Ventilation of the Deep Pacific and Indian Oceans The Grand Cycle of Radiocarbon in the Deep Ocean Biological Short-Circuiting Temporal Variations in Radiocarbon Production Argon-39 Summary CHAPTER 8 THE ANTHROPOGENIC INVASION : The Movement of Water Through the Oceanic Thermocline Introduction Input Functions Hydrology of the Main Thermocline Tritium Distribution within the Thermocline Temporal Trends in Tritium Tritium as a Guide to Deep Water Formation Supplementary Information from Strontium-90 Bomb Carbon-14 Distribution within the Thermocline Explanations for Low Equatorial Bomb Carbon-14 Inventories Implications of Equatorial Upwelling to the Tritium Budget An Upwelling Rate Based on the Equatorial CO2 Anomaly Helium-3 Distribution in the Main Oceanic Thermocline Purposeful Tracers Summary CHAPTER 9 ICE SHEETS AND OCEAN PHOSPHATE : Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Chemistry Introduction Temperature and Salinity Changes Formation and Destruction of Organic Materials Changes in CaCO3 Storage Evidence for an Early Post-Glacial Lysocline Change Changes in Phosphate Concentration The Combined Evidence from Deep Sea Cores Cause of the Oceanic Phosphate Change An Alternate Scenario Wrap Up of the CO2 Record The Oxygen Record Glacial to Interglacial Changes in Ocean Mixing Rate Glacial to Interglacial Lysocline Changes Changes in the Distribution of Nutrients in the Deep Sea Summary CHAPTER 10 CAN MAN OVERRIDE THE CONTROLS? : The Buildup of Fossil Fuel CO2 in the Atmosphere and Oceans Introduction CO2 Production in the Past CO2 Production in the Future Capacity of the Sea for Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake Utilizable Capacity - Simplified Calculation Utilizable Capacity - Rigorous Calculation Kinetics of Fossil Fuel CO2 Uptake by the Sea Numerical Model crosschecks on the Validity of the Numerical Model Prediction of Future CO2 Levels Solution of Sea Floor Calcite Summary REFERENCES, CONSTANTS, DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND INDEX Introduction to the References Subject Outline for the References Annotated Reference List Frequently Used Constants Definitions of Isotope Notations Abbreviations Index Foldout Caption
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  • 81
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/23
    In: CRREL Report, 82-23
    Description / Table of Contents: A direct filtration, water treatment pilot plant was operated on the Kenai River at Soldotna, Alaska, during the summer of 1980. The purpose of the pilot plant operations was to determine the feasibility of the direct filtration process for removal of glacial silt. The major criterion used to determine feasibility was production of water containing less than 1.0 NTU of turbidity. For the range of raw water turbidities encountered (22-34 NTU), the pilot plant testing indicated that direct filtration was feasible and could be considered as an alternative to conventional waiter treatment plants containing sedimentation tanks.
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    Pages: 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric Introduction Glacial characteristics Water treatment Materials and methods Experimental design Pilot plant intake Hydrocyclone Chemical addition system Flocculation system Filtration system Pilot plant operations Coagulant chemical preparations Flow measurement Sampling Results and discussion Kenai River w ater quality Evaluation of pilot plant testing Performance of pilot plant elements Physical and chem ical variables Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 82
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/26
    In: CRREL Report, 82-26
    Description / Table of Contents: The Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed is a small (101.5-sq km) drainage basin located 48 km northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska. Elevations within the watershed range from 210 to 826 m, and approximately 28% of its area is underlain by permafrost. Climatic differences between the watershed and Fairbanks are primarily due to the higher elevation of the watershed. Generally the watershed climatic sites are warmer in winter and cooler in summer than Fairbanks. Within the watershed the greatest temperature contrasts exist in winter, when the valley-bottom sites are beneath the regional air temperature inversion, and the higher sites are above it. From May through September the total precipitation averages 270 mm, 1.47 times that received at Fairbanks. The annual precipitation is about 1.7 times that of Fairbanks. The historical precipitation record at Fairbanks indicates that summer precipitation was below the long-term normal in eight of the eleven years of watershed measurements (1969-1980); no climatic extremes occurred during this period. An analysis of annual streamflow data showed an inconsistency of baseflow recessions from year to year. The runoff-rainfall ratio for individual summer storms averaged 0.35 for Caribou Creek. Comparisons of spot discharge measurements of predominantly permafrost and non-permafrost subwatersheds showed that permafrost-dominated watersheds have a much flashier response to precipitation than non-permafrost watersheds. A comparison of the annual flow distribution of the watershed indicated that Caribou Creek has lower summer and higher winter discharges per unit area than the Chena or Salcha Rivers.
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    Pages: 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Setting Geology and soils Vegetation Climate Air temperature Precipitation Hydrology Annual and monthly runoff Individual storms Baseflow recessions Spatial flow variability Temporal flow variability Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Station histories
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  • 83
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/27
    In: CRREL Report, 82-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Recommendations for economical thicknesses for building insulation result from a study of fuel and construction costs of 12 military installations in Alaska. A comparison between the insulation thickness that a building owner might choose today and what he might choose in 20 years indicates a trend for much thicker insulation in the future. An analysis of how much more expensive a building built today with the thickness that would be appropriate 20 years hence indicates only a small penalty in life-cycle costs for the additional insulation. Therefore, a minimum of R-32 walls and R-62 attics is recommended for most of Alaska.
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    Pages: 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Summary Introduction Determining economic thicknesses for insulation Background Analysis method for new construction Analysis method for reinsulating existing construction Sensitivity and longevity of the results Sensitivity Longevity Recommendations Saving money vs. saving energy Energy economics conservation Building energy performance standards Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Heating system costs Appendix B: Present worth factors Appendix C: Base case and incremental thermal properties Appendix D: LCC comparison graphs for wall and roof systems Appendix E: Cost penalties for energy conservatism Appendix F: Graphic aid for figuring energy savings thermal improvements
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  • 84
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/30
    In: CRREL Report, 82-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Equations are developed that can be used to determine the amount of gas present in sea ice from measurements of the bulk ice density, salinity and temperature in the temperature range o f-2 to -30°C. Conversely these relationships can be used to give the density of sea ice as a function of its temperature and salinity, considering both the presence of gas and of solid salts in the ice. Equations are also given that allow the calculation of the gas and brine volumes in the ice at temperatures other than that at which the bulk density was determined.
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    Pages: 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-30
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/29
    In: CRREL Report, 82-29
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice grains in a snow cover with a low temperature gradient assume a well-rounded equilibrium form. However, at temperature gradients of 0.1 to 0.2 C/cm (depending somewhat on temperature and snow density), the rounded grains recrystallize into a faceted kinetic growth form. The large temperature gradient must play a decisive role in moving the vapor fast enough to sustain the rapid growth rate associated with the kinetic growth form. Once the large temperature gradient is removed, the grains recrystallize back to the equilibrium form. the recrystallization occurs in either direction without a change in bulk density. The growth of faceted crystals begins at the warmer base of the snow cover where the excess vapor pressure is largest. A transition between the overlying rounded grains moves upward in time. Faceted crystals also grow just below crusts of reduced permeability, where the increased vapor accumulation can sustain the excess vapor pressure neded for kinetic growth. The heat and vapor flows are described using a model based on thermodynamic equilibrium. The temperature distribution is shown to be quasi-linear at steady state in homogeneous snow. The recrystallization of the snow is modeled using the rounded grains as sources and the faceted grains as sinks. In the future this model should be extended to account for different temperatures among the sources and sinks.
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    Pages: 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-29
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Abstract Preface Introduction Vapor flow Temperature profile Crystal growth rates Equilibirum versus kinetic growth forms of snow crystals Discussion Summary Literature cited
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  • 86
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/31
    In: CRREL Report, 82-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Information on sea ice conditions in the Bering Strait and the icefoot formation around Fairway Rock, located in the strait, is presented. Cross-sectional profiles of Fairway Rock and the relief of the icefoot are given along with theoretical analyses of the possible forces active during icefoot formation. It is shown that the ice cover most likely fails in flexure as opposed to crushing or buckling, as the former requires less force. Field observations reveal that the Fairway Rock icefoot is massive, with ridges up to 15 m high, a seaward face only 20 degrees from vertical, and interior ridge slopes averaging 33 degrees. The icefoot is believed to be grounded and its width ranges from less than 10 to over 100 m.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-31
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Bering Strait Field reconnaissance Estimation of ice forces on Fairway Rock 1. Creep deformation 2. Crushing failure 3. Flexural failure 4. Forces required to form floating or grounded pressure ridges along therock or to pile ice on the beaches 5. Buckling failure Driving forces Angle of internal friction of sea ice Summary Literature cited Appendix A: April 1982 field observations at Fairway Rock
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  • 87
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/33
    In: CRREL Report, 82-33
    Description / Table of Contents: Arctic sea ice is freckled with melt ponds during the ablation season; Antarctic sea ice has few, if any. On the basis of a simple surface heat budget, we investigate the meteorological conditions necessary for the onset of surface melting in an attempt to explain these observations. The low relative humidity associated with the relatively dry winds off the continent and an effective radiation parameter smaller than that characteristic of the Arctic are primarily responsible for the absence of melt features in the Antarctic. Together these require a surface-layer air temperature above 0 C before Antarctic sea ice can melt. A ratio of the bulk transfer coefficients C sub H/C sub E less than 1 also contributes to the dissimilarity in Arctic and Antarctic ablation seasons. The effects of wind speed and of the sea-ice roughness on the absolute values of C sub H and C sub E seem to moderate regional differences, but final assessment of this hypothesis awaits better data, especially from the Antarctic.
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    Pages: 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-33
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/32
    In: CRREL Report, 82-32
    Description / Table of Contents: Low-frequency (10 Hz) volcanic earthquakes originate at a wide range of depths and occur before, during, and after magmatic eruptions. The characteristics of these earthquakes suggest that they are not typical tectonic events. Physically analogous processes occur in hydraulic fracturing of rock formations, low-frequency icequakes in temperate glaciers, and autoresonance in hydroelectric power stations. We propose that unsteady fluid flow in volcanic conduits is the common source mechanism of low-frequency volcanic earthquakes (tremor). The fluid dynamic source mechanism explains low-frequency earthquakes of arbitrary duration, magnitude, and depth of origin, as unsteady flow is independent of physical properties of the fluid and conduit. Fluid transients occur in both low-viscosity gases and high-viscosity liquids. A fluid transient analysis can be formulated as generally as is warranted by knowledge of the composition and physical properties of the fluid, material properties, geometry and roughness of the conduit, and boundary conditions. To demonstrate the analytical potential of the fluid dynamic theory, we consider a single-phase fluid, a melt of Mount Hood andeside at 1250 deg C, in which significant pressure and velocity variations occur only in the longitudinal direction.
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    Pages: 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-32
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Call number: ZSP-319/C-9,2(2. Ex.) ; ZSP-319/C-9,2
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 9
    In: Die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Deutschen Spitzbergenexpedition 1964-1965, Teil 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 128 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten , 1 Karte
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 9,2
    Language: German
    Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Periglaziallandschaft Irgensfjellet, Kingsbay-Westspitzbergen 〈1 : 1 500〉 , Inhalt: 4. Die Arbeiten zur Periglazialforschung 4.1. Vorwort zum Ergebnisbericht der Expeditionsgruppe Periglazialforschung 4.2. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie der periglazialen Auftauschicht im Kongsfjordgebiet (K. Herz; G. Andreas) 4.3. Untersuchungen zur Ökologie der periglazialen Auftauschicht im Kongsjfordgebiet (K. Herz; G. Andreas) 4.4. Geoelektrische Sondierungen zum Nachweis der sommerlichen Auftautiefe in der Arktis (G. Andreas) 5. Die geomagnetischen Arbeiten 5.1. Geomagnetische Tiefensondierungen am Süd- bzw. Nordufer des Kongsfjordes in Spitzbergen (V. Auster, K. Legning) 5.2. Ergebnisse der geomagnetischen Messungen der Spitzbergen-Expedition im Sommer 1964 (V. Auster, K. Legning, H. Zander) 5.3. Messungen des Erdpotentialgradienten an Land und auf See in Ny-Ålesund (K. Legning) 5.4. Messung der geomagnetischen Horizontalintensität sowie der Deklination auf einem eisernen Schiff (V. Auster, K. Legning)
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  • 90
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/41
    In: CRREL Report, 82-41
    Description / Table of Contents: Many of the important factors influencing the choice of appropriate aquifer test procedures are presented. The concepts of bias, accuracy and spatial variabil­ity are explained. The definitions of a number of aquifer parameters are devel­oped from basic principles demonstrating the underlying assumptions and limita­tions. The parameters considered are: piezometric head, hydraulic conductiv­ity/intrinsic permeability, flow direction, specific discharge magnitude, transmissivity, volumetric flow rate, total porosity, effective porosity, aver­age linear velocity, storage coefficient, specific yield, dispersion coefficient-aquifer dispersivity. For each parameter several techniques are described, evaluated and ranked in terms of perceived potential accuracy, simplicity and value to contaminant transport studies. It must be stressed, however, that the evaluations are based principally upon theoretical grounds, and not upon actual conduct of the described procedures.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 111 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-41
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Purpose Scope Concept of accuracy Test selection Definition of parameters Piezometric head Use of piezometers Hydraulic conductivity Flow direction Specific discharge magnitude Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient-specific yield Aquifer dispersivity Parameter estimation techniques Piezometric head Hydraulic conductivity Direction and magnitude of specific discharge vector Transmissivity Volumetric flow rate Total porosity Average linear velocity Storage coefficient Specific yield Effective porosity Aquifer dispersivity-dispersion coefficients Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 91
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/40
    In: CRREL Report, 82-40
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of explosives to break floating ice sheets is described, and test data are used to develop design curves that predict explosives effects as ice thickness, charge size, and charge depth vary. Application of the curves to practical problems is illustrated by numerical examples. The general features of underwater explosions are reviewed and related to ice blasting. Quasi-static plate theory is considered, and is judged to be inapplicable to explosive cratering of ice plates. The specific energy for optimized ice blasting is found to compare quite favorably with the specific energy of icebreaking ships. All available field data for ice blasting are tabulated in appendices, together with details of the re­gression analyses from which the design curves are generated.
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    Pages: iv, 68 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-40
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction General behavior of underwater explosions Regression analysis for ice-blasting data General features of the regression curves Use of the regression curves as design curves for ice blasting Row charges and pattern charges Response of floating ice sheets to underwater explosions Specific energy and “powder factor” Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Basic data on ice blasting Appendix B: Scaled input data Appendix C: Initial regression analysis using complete polynomial Appendix D: Regression analysis with two coefficients of the original poly­nomial deleted
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  • 92
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/42
    In: CRREL Report, 82-42
    Description / Table of Contents: A high-resolution impulse radar profiling system was evaluated for 1) detecting the existence of sea ice which coring has revealed to exist on the bottom of the Ross Ice Shelf at Site J-9, 2) detecting the preferred horizontal c-axis azi-muthal direction of the sea ice crystals, using the voltage amplitude of the radar reflection from the sea ice bottom, and 3) determining the direction of the currents under an Antarctic ice shelf. A field program was conducted consisting of a surface radar survey on the Ross Ice Shelf at Site J-9 and surface and airborne radar profiling on the McMurdo Ice Shelf. The CRREL impulse radar system, operating at a center frequency of either 80 MHz or 20 MHz, was unable to detect the shelf bottom at Site J-9, which drilling revealed to be 416 m below the snow surface. The radar system was used to profile the McMurdo Ice Shelf both from the snow surface and from the air; a shelf thickness of about 275 m was easily detected. Theoretical considerations indicate that the bulk conductivity of the ice shelf at Site J1-9 was higher than originally anticipated, and this limited the radar sounding depth to about 405 m when operating at a frequency of 20 MHz.
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    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-42
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Profiling system Theoretical considerations Field program Discussion Literature cited
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  • 93
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/13
    In: CRREL Report, 82-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Frost heave is analyzed for the common case in which some ice penetrates the soil. In this situation, heave is due to the accumulation of soil-free ice just within the frozen zone, behind a frozen fringe of finite thickness. Heat and mass transport within and across that fringe are crucial processes in the dynamics of heave. This analysis concentrates on activity within the fringe, also connecting that activity to heat and mass flows in the more frozen and unfrozen zones. Each component in a set of governing differential equations is developed from rational physics and thermodynamics, using previous experimental work. It is assumed that the soil ice grows through interconnected interstices; hence it constitutes and can move as a rigid body. When the assumption is translated into mathematical terms, it completes the governing equations. The model resulting from these considerations is a one-dimensional finite element computer program that solves the equations for arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. The model is used to simulate the heave history of a hypothetical soil column frozen unidirectionally and subjected to a surcharge. The results are gratifying in that they predict qualitatively the characteristics of numerous laboratory observations. Some questions about the completeness of the theory remain, and strict verification of the model awaits further experimentation and better parameter identification.
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    Pages: iii, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-13
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/7
    In: CRREL Report, 82-7
    In: Charged dislocation in ice, II.
    Description / Table of Contents: The contribution of electrically charged dislocation motion to dielectric relaxation was studied theoretically. Experimentally obtained data on charge density, dislocation density, and segment length and distribution described in Part I of this series were used to calculate dielectric relaxation spectra. The results indicate that the charged dislocation process can produce the observed audio frequency dielectric relaxation as well as the distribution of spectra.
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    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theoretical development of dielectric relaxation due to charged dislocations Numerical calculations for distributed segment length Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Mosotti type catastrophe by charged dislocation processes
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  • 95
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/5
    In: CRREL Report, 80-5
    Description / Table of Contents: This research comprised laboratory testing to determine the properties of asphalt-aggregate mixtures containing three grades of asphalt cements, and analyses to project the performance of pavements containing each of the asphalts, in resisting thermally induced distress and traffic-associated distress. From the results it is concluded that only the softest asphalt cement tested (AC 2.5) would perform satisfactorily in a cold climatic zone. The moderately soft (AC 5) and moderately hard (AC 20) asphalt cements showed little susceptibility to thermal cracking in a moderate and a warm climatic zone, respectively. The AC 2.5 and AC 5 asphalts are not recommended for use in warm climates, however, owing to increased susceptibility to rutting under traffic.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-5
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Research setting Objectives Materials, mixture designs, and tests Materials Mixture design tests Brazil test Resilient modulus test Data analysis Marshall tests Asphalt grade Compactive effort Aggregate type Data analysis Brazil tests Indirect tensile strength Tensile strain Vertical deformation Summary of Brazil test results Data analysis-resilIient modulus. Comparison of mixture susceptibility to temperature cracking General asphalt concrete stiffness Thermal cracking. Influence of asphalt cement properties Summary Comparison of mixture susceptibility to traftic-load-associated distress Stress/strain analysis Fatigue damage analysis Rutting analysis Strength correlations Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength Indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus Summary Summary and conclusions Recapitulation of investigations Summary of results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Asphalt adggregate mixture properties by Marshall method Appendix B: Equations for calculating specimen properties from Brazil tests Appendix C: Calculated displacements, strains and stresses
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  • 96
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    Call number: ZSP-201-80/18
    In: CRREL Report, 80-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of ice as a structural material is common practice for certain applications in cold regions. Techniques such as surface flooding or water spraying are used to accelerate ice growth rates, thereby lengthening the winter construction season. This report examines the heat and mass transfer rates from freely falling water drops in cold air. Design equations which predict the amount of supercooling of the drops as a function of outdoor ambient temperature, drop size and distance of fall are given
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    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity
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  • 97
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/19
    In: CRREL Report, 80-19
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period 1975-1978 the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a series of environmental engineering in­vestigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road. In 1976 the Department of Energy joined these in­vestigations with a series of ecological projects which continue to the present. Both agencies research efforts were con­ducted on a cooperative basis with CRREL’s in-house research program. The objectives of the research focused on 1) an evaluation of the performance of the road, 2) an assessment of changes in the environment associated with the road, 3) documentation of flora and vegetation along the 577-km-long transect, 4) methodologies for revegetation and restoration, and 5) an assessment of biological parameters as indicators of environmental integrity. In support of these objectives, specific studies were undertaken that investigated the climate along the road, thaw and subsidence beneath and adjacent to the road, drainage and side slope performance, distribution and properties of road dust, vegetation distribution, vegetation disturbance and recovery, occurrence of weeds and weedy species, erosion and its control, revegetation and restoration, and construction of the fuel gas line. This report presents background, information on the region, detailed results of the road thaw subsidence and dust investigations, and summaries of revegetation, fuel gas line, vegetation distribution, soil, and weed studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xv, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series
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  • 98
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/16
    In: CRREL Report, 80-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoccidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera, Bicosta spinifera, Bicosta antennigera, Callicantha simplex, Calliacantha multispina aff., Crinolina aperta, Diaphanoeca multionnulata, and Parvicorbicula socialis, were observed in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer, 1977. D. multiannulata was described for the first time from these samples; the other organisms have either been described previously or are being described at this time. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. The distributional, environmental, and morphological range of A. spiculifera, B. spinifera, C. aperta, and P. socialis was expanded. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edges of ice floes, ponds on ice floes, and the interiors of ice floes. The presence of choanoflagellates within the ice indicates that there may be a closely coupled trophic relationship with the other two biological components of the ice community, the ice algae and the bacteria. The presence in the ice of seven species with both a caudal appendage and anterior projections suggests a positive relationship between this lorica configuration and the ice habitat. Mechanisms of variance of transverse costal diameters between genera may be useful to the taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/17
    In: CRREL Report, 80-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Construction pads made of snow were used to build two sections of the Trans Alaska Pipeline and a small gas pipeline during the winter of 1975-76. Construction during the winter has become increasingly common in the Arctic. Surface travel and the use of heavy construction equipment on the unprotected tundra have been severely restricted, even during the winter, so the use of temporary winter roads and construction pads built of snow and ice has been advocated and is being adopted. The three snow construction pads mentioned above were the first snow roads and construction pads used on a large scale in Alaska. Snow roads and construction pads have two objectives: to protect the underlying vegetation and upper layers of the ground, and to provide a hard, smooth surface for travel and the operation of equipment. Several types have been built, and a brief discussion is given of their history and classification systems. The three snow construction pads used in construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the small gas pipeline in 1975-76 were visited and observed while in use. The Globe Creek snow pad, about 50 miles north of Fairbanks, was built primarily of manufactured snow hauled to the site and watered. With very high densities this pad withstood heavy traffic and use by heavy construction equipment except on one steep slope. There, the use of tracked vehicles and vehicles without front wheel drive disaggregated the snow on and near the surface so that vehicles without front wheel drive were unable to climb the hill. The Toolik snow pad, just north of the Brooks Range, was built of compacted snow and proved capable of supporting the heaviest traffic and construction equipment. The fuel gasline snow pad ran from the northern Brooks Range to the Arctic Coast and also proved capable of supporting the necessary traffic. Both the Toolik snow pad and the fuel gasline snow pad failed in very early May because of unseasonably warm and clear weather before the associated construction projects were completed. However, the three snow pads must be considered successful. Common problems were the lack of snow, slopes, unseasonably warm spring weather, and inexperience on the part of contractors and construction personnel.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/2
    In: CRREL Report, 80-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Winter thermal structure and ice conditions in the land-fast ice cover of Lake Champlain were studied in detail for the winters of 1975-76 and 1976-77. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors attached to an ice mooring system and connected to a data logger at Shelburne Point, Vermont, during the winter of 1975-76 and at Gordon Landing on Grand Isle, Vermont, during 1976-77. This data logger automatically recorded water temperatures from the surface of the lake though snow, ice and water vertical profiles to the bottom of the lake every four hours. Pertinent meteorological parameters are presented for the appropriate measurement sites during the two winter periods, November '75-April '76, and November '76-April '77. Computations were made of freezing degree days (C) for both winters and correlated with ice formation dates. Predictions of ice growth, using the Stefan equation with an empirical coefficient, were correlated with actual ice growth. Documentation was made of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company's first attempt at wintertime navigation by ferry from Gordon Landing, Vermont, to Cumberland Head, New York, in a land fast ice cover during one of the coldest winters of this century.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Climate Site preparation and data collection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Relocation of measurement site, Fall 1976 Visual observations, ice conditions, and pertinent photography Analysis Air temperature comparisons Degree days of freezing Prediction of ice growth Water and ice temperature Wind Solar radiation Grand Isle ferry operations 1976-77 Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. General observations of ice conditions on Lake Champlain
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