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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-306
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1. Coastal stations. - Alaska. - Canada. - Greenland. - Europe and Russia. - II. The interior Arctic Ocean. - Zone 1. - Zone 2.. - Zone 3. - Zone 4. - Zone 5. - Zone 6.. - Summary and discussion. - Supplemental data. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Winds. - Appendix B. Arctic surface winds. - Appendix C. Excerpt from Cold Regions Science and Engineering, USA CRREL Monograph I-A3b. - Appendix D. Excerpt from Proceedings of the Arctic Basin Symposium October 1962. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prevailing monthly and seasonal surface wind directions were obtained from 1) weather records for 21 coastal stations around the Arctic Ocean and 2) a series of U.S. Navy wind charts for 15 to 20 locations in the arctic marginal seas and the ocean's interior. This information was combined and analyzed to develop 2 charts which depict the surface flow of air in these areas during the mid-summer and mid-winter months. Since the ice floe stations used in the offshore wind analysis are not permanently located, the Arctic Ocean was selectively divided into 6 zones. Three of these zones separate Polar regions north of 84°N latitude, and 3 other zones each separate the seas bordering the north coasts of Europe, Siberian Russia and North America. Except for a few stations where wind directions are apparently controlled by local influences the results showed the following mid-winter patterns: 1) a near anticlockwise flow within the circle north of 75°N, 2) winds from the north in and near the Chukchi and Bering Seas, 3) northeast winds along the Alaskan coast and northwest along the Canadian Archipelago Islands, and 4) southwest and southeast winds along the northern coasts of Europe and Asia respectively. Although the wind directions during mid-summer become more variable the study showed that the prevailing surface winds for most areas in this season are nearly opposite those observed in winter.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 55 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 306
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-267
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Regional variations in density. - Monthly increase in density. - Nomograph to estimate average snow-cover density. - Test and application of the nomograph. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Observed, weighted snow-cover densities for stations in Table 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: Analysis of snow-cover observations made during November - March at 27 stations in Alaska, Canada and the northern United States for a 2 to 11 year period showed that the average snow density can be classified in four general categories: Category 1 (density 0.20 to 0.23 g/cm^3 ), inland stations reporting light winds; Category 2 (0.24 to 0.27 g/cm^3), stations reporting moderate winds; Category 3 (0.28 to 0.30 g/cm^3), inland and coastal locations with stronger winds; Category 4 (0.32 to 0.36 g/cm^3), cold and windy stations of the Arctic. Skewness coefficients computed for each station showed bias toward lower densities for cat. 1 and 2, and bias toward higher densities for cat. 3 and 4. A nomograph in which the average winter air temperature and wind speed are the independent variables makes it possible to estimate the average snow-cover density for any location in the Arctic, subarctic and North Temperate Zones. A comparison between observed and estimated densities for ten other test stations yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with a standard error of estimate of 0.016 g/cm^3. An average snow density map of North America was drawn and the continent was divided into areas based on the four categories.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 267
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Call number: ZSP-204-161
    In: CRREL Technical Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 35 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: CRREL Technical Report 161
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 4
    Call number: ZSP-204-162
    In: CRREL Technical Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 30 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: CRREL Technical Report 162
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-319
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Previous studies. - The central Alaska region. - Suitability of selected study area. - Data availability. - General winter climatic conditions. - Winter air masses and fronts. - Northern Hemisphere sources. - Air masses affecting Alaska. - Air mass modifications and resulting weather. - Winter fronts. - Frequency and movement of fronts. - Effects of locations of fronts. - Results of fronts. - Climatic data. - Source material. - Precipitation types and descriptions. - Data reduction procedures. - Data analysis. - Precipitation frequency. - Number of storms and their duration. - Concurrent climatic conditions. - Air masses, fronts and climatic relationships. - Snow and snow showers. - Rain and freezing rain. - Water droplet fog and ice fog. - Drifting and blowing snow. - Conclusions and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The physical, meteorological and climatological aspects of freezing precipitation in the Tanana River Basin of central Alaska are examined. Periods of inclement weather are evaluated with respect to frequency and duration, and concurrent temperature, wind, atmospheric pressure and visibility conditions. Although relatively dry polar continental air masses dominate the area in winter, massive intrusions of maritime air occasionally produce a major snow storm and, in rare instances, rain or freezing rain. Because of the surrounding mountain ranges, snow occurs most often when the atmospheric pressure is rising and the winds are from the west. Ice fogs are observed at temperatures below -21 F, and very few water-droplet fogs are reported at temperatures below -31°F. The relationships between air masses, fronts and local climatic influences may be used in forecasting winter precipitation in central Alaska. The statistical survey presented also contributes new information on winter weather conditions in this region.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 51 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 319
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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