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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Stabile Kohlenstoff-Isotope in partikulärer organischer Substanz aus dem Südpolarmeer (Atlantischer Sektor) (1989)
    Bremen : Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-166(5)
    In: Berichte aus dem MARUM und dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen, Nr. 5
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 161 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten, Diagrame , 29 cm
    ISSN: 0931-800
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen 5
    Language: German , English
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Bremen, 1989 , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Karmannyj anglo-russkij i russko-anglijskij slovar' (1991)
    Moskva : Izd. "Russkij jazyk"
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI S5-06-0625
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 575 S.
    ISBN: 5200018439
    Language: Russian , English
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  • 3
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    The exchange of energy, water and carbon dioxide between Wet Arctic Tundra and the atmosphere at the Lena River Delta, Northern Siberia (2006)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-168-541 ; ZS-090(541
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 141 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 1618-3193
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 541
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.10546
    Classification:
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Language: English
    Note: Zugl.: Greifswald, Univ., Diss., 2005
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stable isotope ecology (2006)
    New York, NY : Springer-Verlag
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 20/M 07.0074 ; AWI G6-22-820
    In: Environmental Science
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 308 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
    ISBN: 0-387-30513-0
    Series Statement: Environmental Science
    URL: https://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/502988940.pdf
    Classification:
    Ecology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Discovery 1.2 General Introduction 1.3 Just for Fun — An Isotope Biography of Mr. Polychaete Chapter 2. Isotope Notation and Measurement Overview 2.1 The Necessary Minimum for Ecologists 2.2 Why Use the 5 Notation? 2.3 Why Is 8 a Good Substitute for % Heavy Isotope? 2.4 8 and the Ratio-of-Ratios 2.5 Chapter Summary Chapter 3. Using Stable Isotope Tracers Overview 3.1 Isotope Circulation in the Biosphere 3.2 Landscape Ecology and Isotope Maps 3.3 Community Ecology and Invasive Species in Food Webs 3.4 Life History Ecology and Animal Migrations 3.5 Plants, Microbes, and Scaling Up 3.6 Chapter Summary Chapter 4. Isotope Chi ("I Chi") Overview 4.1 Chocolate Isotopes 4.2 Oxygen in the Sea 4.3 Equations for Isotope Chi ("I Chi") 4.4 Building an I Chi Gain-Loss Model, Step by Step 4.5 Errors in I Chi Models 4.6 Exact Equations for I Chi Models 4.7 Cows in a Pasture 4.8 Chapter Summary Chapter 5. Mixing Overview 5.1 Isotope Mixing in Food Webs 5.2 Isotope Sourcery 5.3 Mixing Mechanics 5.4 Advanced Mixing Mechanics 5.5 Mixing Assumptions and Errors or the Art and Wisdom of Using Isotope Mixing Models 5.6 River Sulfate and Mass-Weighted Mixing 5.7 A Special Muddy Case and Mixing Through Time 5.8 The Qualquan Chronicles and Mixing Across Landscapes 5.9 Dietary Mixing, Turnover, and a Stable Isotope Clock 5.10 Chapter Summary Chapter 6. Isotope Additions Overview 6.1 Addition Addiction 6.2 The Golden Spike Award for Isotopes 6.3 Chapter Summary Chapter 7. Fractionation Overview 7.1 Fractionation Fundamentals 7.2 Isotopium and Fractionation in Closed Systems 7.3 A Strange and Routine Case 7.4 A Genuine Puzzle — Fractionation or Mixing? 7.5 Cracking the Closed Systems 7.6 Equilibrium Fractionation, Subtle Drama in the Cold 7.7 A Supply/Demand Model for Open System Fractionation 7.8 Open System Fractionation and Evolution of the Earth's Sulfur Cycle 7.9 Open System Legacies 7.10 Conducting Fractionation Experiments 7.11 Chapter Summary Chapter 8. Scanning the Future Overview 8.1 The Isotope Scanner 8.2 Mangrove Maude 8.3 The Beginner's Advantage—Imagine! 8.4 Chapter Summary Appendix. Important Isotope Equations and Useful Conversions Index Supplemental Electronic Materials on the Accompanying CD A. Chapter 1 Color Figures and Cartoon Problems B. Chapter 2 Color Figures and Cartoon Problems Technical Supplement 2A: Measuring Spiked Samples Technical Supplement 2B: Ion Corrections Technical Supplement 2C: The Ratio Notation and The Power of 1 C. Chapter 3 Color Figures and Cartoons Problems D. Chapter 4 Color Figures and Cartoons Problems I Chi Spreadsheets E. Chapters 5 Color Figures and Cartoons Problems I Chi Spreadsheets F. Chapter 6 Color Figure and Cartoon Problems I Chi Spreadsheet Technical Supplement 6A: How Much Isotope Should I Add? Technical Supplement 6B: Noisy Data and Data Analysis with Enriched Samples G. Chapter 7 Color Figures and Cartoons Problems I Chi Spreadsheets Technical Supplement 7A: A Chemist's View of Isotope Effects Technical Supplement 7B: Derivations of Closed System Isotope Equations H. Chapter 8 Color Figures and Cartoons Problems I. All Problems for Chapters 1-8 J. All Answers to Problems for Chapters 1-8 K. All Figures and Cartoons L. All I Chi Spreadsheets M. A Reading List
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans (1978)
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0159 ; AWI A12-95-0120-1 ; AWI A12-95-0120-2 ; MOP 272 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 351 S.
    ISBN: 0471035092
    Series Statement: A Wiley-Interscience publication
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 6
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    Series available for loan
    Thermocapillary flow in low Pr Number Liquid Bridge : annual report of fluid dynamics instability research (2006)
    [Tokyo] : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-405a-07-0031
    In: JAXA Research and Development Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 14 S.
    Series Statement: JAXA Research and development report RR-05-023E
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Series available for loan
    Computational fluid dynamics of multiphase flows in solid rocket motors (2006)
    [Tokyo] : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-405b-07-0032
    In: JAXA Special Publication
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 107 S.
    Series Statement: JAXA Special Publication SP-05-035E
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Series available for loan
    Effects of microgravity environment on growth related properties of semiconductor alloys (InGaAs) : growth of homogeneous crystals (2006)
    [Tokyo] : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-405b-07-0033
    In: JAXA Special Publication
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 32 S.
    Series Statement: JAXA Special Publication SP-05-036E
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Geochemistry and mineralogy of rare earth elements (1989)
    Washington, D.C. : 1989
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0022/21 ; 11/M 92.0764 ; AWI G6-96-0436
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: The authors of this volume presented a short course on the rare earth elements to about 80 participants in San Francisco, California, December 1-3, 1989, just prior to the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 348 S.
    ISBN: 0-939950-25-1 , 978-0-939950-25-6
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 21
    Classification:
    Geochemistry
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents: Copyright; Additional copies. - Foreword and acknowledgements. - Chapter 1. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Condensation and Evaporation Processes / by William V. Boynton. - Introduction. - Meteorites. - Astrophysical context for interpretation of cosmochemical data. - Solar nebula. - Solar abundances. - Cosmochemical properties of the REE. - REE condensation reactions. - Activity coefficients. - Partial pressures. - Solid / gas distribution coefficients. - Why are the REE volatilities so different?. - Calculated REE patterns. - Early condensates. - Removing REE in the gas. - Comparison with meteoritic data. - Ultra-refractory component. - Group II inclusions. - FUN inclusions. - REE condensation as a function of oxygen fugacity. - Rims on CAI. - What have we learned from the REE?. - High temperatures were achieved in the solar nebula. - A very efficient mechanism for gas/dust separation existed in the solar nebula. - The high nebular temperatures existed for a long time. - A very intense, very brief, heat source also existed. - The solar nebula was a chaotic environment. - Summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 2. Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by P. Jonathan Patchett. - Introduction. - Long-lived radioactive isotopes of Rare Earth Elements. - 138La-138Ce decay. - 147Sm-143Nd decay. - 176Lu-176Hf decay. - Cemical variations of La/Ce, Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. - Geochronological studies. - La-Ce and Lu-Hf chronology. - Sm-Nd chronology. - Defining bulk planetary isotopic evolution. - Isotopic study of planetary interiors. - The Moon. - The Earth. - Nd isotopes in studies of terrestrial crustal evolution. - Model Nd ages of continental crust. - Growth curves for the continental crust. - Origin of granitoids. - Nd isotopes and the sedimentary system. - Characterization of whole crustal terranes. - Crustal Lu-Hf isotopic studies. - Major unsolved problems. - Continental crustal growth curve. - Abundance of Archean continental crust. - Origin of mantle isotopic variations. - References. - Chapter 3. Partitioning of Rare Earth Elements between Major Silicate Minerals and Basaltic Melts / by Gordon A. McKay. - Introduction. - Usefulness of the REE for petrogenetic modelling. - Scope of this chapter. - Caveat. - How partition coefficients are measured. - Phenocryst/matrix studies of natural samples. - Experimental measurement of partition coefficients. - Basic experimental approach. - Equilibrium. - Percent level doping technique. - Beta-track mapping technique. - Other experimental approaches. - Henry's law: The applicability of percent-level doping results. - Factors governing mineral/melt partitioning. - Ionic size and charge of trace element. - Crystal field effects. - Cristallographic versus defect sites: The Henry's law question. - Phase compositions. - Oxidation state. - Thermodynamic relationships: Dependence of partitioning on temperature and composition. - Other predictive approaches. - Special applications. - Eu as an oxygen fugacity indicator. - Origin of the Eu anomaly in lunar mare basalts. - REE partition coefficient patterns for the major minerals. - Plagioclase. - Olivine. - Pyroxene. - Low-Ca pyroxene. - High-Ca pyroxene. - Garnet. - Future directions. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 4. An Approach to Trace Element Modeling Using a Simple Igneous System as an Example / by Gilbert N. Hanson. - Introduction. - Review of trace element equations. - Melting. - Fractional crystallization. - Melting versus fractional crystallization. - Essential structural constituents. - Example of petrogenetic approach. - Discussion and summary. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 5. Rare Earth Elements in Upper Mantle Rocks / by W. F. McDonough and Fredrick A. Frey. - Introduction. - Massive peridotites. - Massive peridotites: dominantly lherzolite Western Alps - Lanzo. - Western Alps -Baldissero, Balmuccia. - Eastern Liguria, Italy. - Western Liguria, Italy. - Eastern Pyrenees - France. - Ronda, Spain Effects of late stage alteration on REE. - What can be inferred about the melting process and the segregated melts?. - Massive peridotites: pyroxenite layers and veins and their wall rocks. - Amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins. - Anhydrous pyroxenite layers. - How were the pyroxenite layers created? Evidence for multistage processes. - Implications for mantle enrichment processes (metasomatism). - Massive peridotites: dominantly harzburgite. - Oceanic peridotites. - Ultramafic xenoliths. - Group I spinel peridotites. - Garnet peridotites. - Pyroxenite and related xenoliths. - Models for REE abundance trends in peridotite xenoliths. - Megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and damong inclusions. - Megacrysts. - Minerals in peridotites and pyroxenites. - Inclusions in diamonds. - Summary: comparison of peridotites from massifs and xenoliths and implications of REE data for Upper Mantle composition. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 6. Rare Earth Elements in Metamorphic Rocks / by Richard I. Grauch. - Introduction. - REE residence in metamorphic rocks. - REE mobility during metamorphism. - REE content of metamorphic rocks. - Suggestions for future work. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 7. Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes / by Scott M. McLennan. - Introduction. - Rare earth element properties and sedimentary rocks. - Cosmochemical considerations. - Geochemical considerations. - Aqueous geochemistry. - Normalizing and notation. - Sedimentary processes. - Weathering. - Diagenesis. - Sedimentary sorting. - REE and provenance studies. - Sedimentary rocks and crustal abundances. - Sedimentation and plate tectonics. - Archean sedimentary rocks and the Archean crust. - Archean greenstone belts. - REE in sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 8. Aqueous Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by Douglas G. Brookins. - Introduction. - The trivalent lanthanides (Ln III). - Types of complexes in solution. - Hydrolysis products. - Phosphate complexes. - Carbonate complexes. - Halide complexes. - Complexes with total dissolved sulfur. - Gadolinium-Terbium fractionation?. - Scandium and Yttrium. - Europium (II). - Cerium (IV). - Eh-pH diagrams. - Cerium. - Europium. - Other lanthanides. - Lanthanides in ocean waters. - Lanthanides and actinides. - Concluding remarks. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 9. Rare Earth Elements in Lunar Materials / by Larry A. Haskin. - Introduction. - The nature of planet moon. - The magma ocean hypothesis and its presumed products. - Lunar REE patterns. - Highland plutonic rocks. - Anorthosites. - Durâtes, troctolites, norites, and gabbros. - Lunar felsite (granite). - Highland volcanic rocks: KREEP. - Mare basalts. - Mare basalt sources as magma ocean products. - Assimilation of crusted material during basalt petrogenesis. - Glassy spherules. - Soils and breccias. - Caveat. - Acknowledgements. - References. - Chapter 10. Compositional and Phase Relations among Rare Earth Element Minerals / by Donald M. Burt. - Introduction. - Geochemical background. - Minerals. - Coupled substitutions. - Vector treatment. - Application to selected mineral groups. - Fluorides. - Carbonates. - Fluorocarbonates. - Monazite, xenotime, zircon, and related phases. - Apatites. - Florencite and related phases. - A-B oxides (niobates, tantalates, titanates, ferrites). - Fergusonitelbetafergusonite, ABO4. - Perovskite, ABO3. - Aeschyniteleuxenite, AB2O6. - Pyrochlore, A1-2B2O6(O,F,OH). - Allanite. - Titanite. - Garnet. - Gadolinite. - Chevkinite/perrierite. - Element distributions: acid-base relations. - Summary. - Acknowledgemen
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  • 10
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    Development of tools for assessment of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea (2006)
    Helsinki : Helcom
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    Call number: ZSP-160-104
    In: Baltic sea environment proceedings
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 62 S.
    Series Statement: Baltic sea environment proceedings 104
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Radio observation data at Syowa Station, Antarctica during 2005 (2007)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-296
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 92 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 296 : Ionosphere 76
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00006734/
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chlorophyll a concentration of Phytoplankton during a cruise of the 46th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2004 - 2005 (2006)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-291
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 8 S. : Ill., überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 291 : Marine Biology 35
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00003344/
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Upper atmosphere physics data obtained at Syowa Station in 2004 (2006)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-289
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 59 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 289 : Upper Atmosphere Physics 24
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00004428/
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Plankton sampling on Board Shirase in 1999 - 2004 : continuous plankton recorder survey (2006)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-286
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 15 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 286 : Marine Biology 33
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00003336/
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Plankton sampling on Board Shirase in 1997 - 2001 : NORPAC standard net samples (2005)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-284
    In: Jare Data Reports
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    Pages: 16 S. : überw. graph. Darst. u. Ill.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 284 : Marine Biology 32
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00003332/
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Syowa superconducting gravimeter raw data and associated expedition reports (explanatory CD-ROM) (2005)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-283
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 S. : überw. graph. Darst. u. Ill.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 283 : Earth Science 6
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00004744/
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Flora of Siberia; Vol. 2., Poaceae (Gramineae) (2001)
    Enfield, NH [u.a.] : Science Publishers
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    Call number: AWI Bio-07-0058
    In: Flora of Siberia / ser. ed.: I. M. Krasnoborov, Vol. 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 362 S. : Ill., Kt.
    ISBN: 1578081017
    Uniform Title: Flora Sibiri 〈engl.〉
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Laptev sea systems : expeditions in 1994 (1995)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-182
    In: Berichte zur Polarforschung
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 195 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISSN: 0176-5027
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 182
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/hdl:10013/epic.10183.d001
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Improved representation of surface and atmospheric radiation budgets in the ECHAM4 general circulation model (1996)
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
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    Call number: ZSP-686-200
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 31 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 0937-1060
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 200
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals (1986)
    Orlando [u.a.] : Academic Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0098 ; AWI G6-99-0040
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 603 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0121814904
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: List of contributors. - Preface. - 1 An Overview of Rates of Chemical Weathering / S. M. Colman and D. P. Dethier. - PART I KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF WEATHERING REACTIONS. - 2 The Relations between Crystal Structure and Silicate Weathering Rates / R. A. Eggleton. - 3 The Dissolution Rate of Forsteritic Olivine from Hawaiian Beach Sand / D. E. Grandstaff. - 4 Stoichiometry of Alkali Feldspar Dissolution at Room Temperature and Various pH Values / G. R. Holdren, Jr. and P. M. Speyer. - 5 Rate Limitation and Dissolution of Highly Soluble Minerals / J. B. Laronne. - PART II RATES OF MINERAL ALTERATION IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS. - 6 The Etching of Hornblende Grains in the Matrix of Alpine Tills and Periglacial Deposits / R .D. Hall and R. E. Martin. - 7 Rates of Hornblende Etching in Soils on Glacial Deposits, Baffin Island, Canada / W. W. Locke. - 8 Rates of Mineral Weathering in the Wind River Mountains, Western Wyoming / W. C. Mahaney and D. L. Halvorson. - 9 Evolution of Iron Crusts in Tropical Landscapes / D.B. Nahon. - 10 Processes and Rates of Weathering in Cold and Polar Desert Environments / F. C. Ugolini. - PART III WEATHERING OF VOLCANIC ASHES AND DEPOSITS. - 11 Weathering of Holocene Airfall Tephras in the Southern Canadian Rockies / R. H. King. - 12 Controls on the Rates of Weathering and Clay Mineral Genesis in Airfall Tephras: A Review and New Zealand Case Study / D. J. Lowe. - 13 Rates of Weathering of 14C-Dated Late Quaternary Volcaniclastic Deposits in the Western United States / V. E. Neall and I. K. Paintin. - 14 Chemical Weathering of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens Ash Fall and the Effect on the Iron Creek Watershed, Washington / A. F. White and L. V. Benson and A. Yee. - PART IV RATES OF FORMATION OF ROCK-WEATHERING FEATURES. - 15 Levels of Time Information in Weathering Measurements, with Examples from Weathering Rinds on Volcanic Clasts in the Western United States / S. M. Colman. - 16 Weathering Rates in Granitic Boulders Measured by P-Wave Speeds / R. Crook, Jr. and A. R. Gillespie. - 17 Growth of Weathering Rinds on Torlesse Sandstone, Southern Alps, New Zealand / I. E. Whitehouse and M. J. McSaveney and P. L. K. Knuepfer and T. J. H. Chinn. - PART V HYDROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF RATES OF WEATHERING. - 18 The Mathematical Basis for Determining Rates of Geochemical and Geomorphic Processes in Small Forested Watersheds by Mass Balance: Examples and Implications / M. A. Velbel. - 19 An Estimate of Plagioclase Weathering Rate in the Idaho Batholith Based upon Geochemical Transport Rates / J. L. Clayton. - 20 The Use of Catchment Studies for Assessing Chemical Weathering Rates in Two Contrasting Upland Areas in Northeast Scotland / J. Creasey and A. C. Edwards and J. M. Reid and D. A. MacLeod and M. S. Cresser. - 21 Weathering Rates and the Chemical Flux from Catchments in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. / D. P. Dethier. - 22 Rates of Weathering and Erosion Derived from Mass Balance in Small Drainage Basins / T. Paces. - 23 Processes and Rates of Saprolite Production and Erosion on a Foliated Granitic Rock of the Virginia Piedmont / M. J. Pavich. - Index.
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    The paleogene of Syria - stratigraphy, lithology, geochronology (1996)
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart
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    Call number: ZSP-320(B,86)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 136 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe B 86
    Language: English
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    Monograph available for loan
    Dynamical systems and numerical analysis (1996)
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press
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    Call number: M 97.0113 ; AWI S1-98-0212
    In: Cambridge monographs on applied and computational mathematics
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxii, 685 S.
    ISBN: 0521496721
    Series Statement: Cambridge monographs on applied and computational mathematics 2
    Classification:
    C.1.9.
    Language: English
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    Monograph available for loan
    Climate change : science, impacts and policy ; proceedings of the Second World Climate Conference ; [held in Geneva from 29 October to 7 November 1990] (1991)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 076-93-0119 ; MOP 47760 / Mitte ; AWI A2-23-4557
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 578 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First published 1991
    ISBN: 0521426308 , 0-521-42630-8 , 0521416310 , 0-521-41631-0
    URL: https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/29930
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword xi OPENING ADDRESSES Professor G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary General, World Meteorological Organization Dr M.K. Tolba, Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme Dr F. Mayor, Director General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Professor M.G.K. Menon, President, International Council of Scientific Unions Dr H. de Haen, Assistant Director General, Food and Agriculture Organization SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SESSIONS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE IPCC ASSESSMENT The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) / B. Bolin Scientific Assessment of Climate Change: Summary of the IPCC Working Group I Report / J.T. Houghton Greenhouse Gases and Other Climate Forcing Agents / U. Siegenthaler and E. Sanhueza Climate Change Prediction / J. F. B. Mitchell and Zeng Qingcun Climate Trends and Variability / M. Coughian and B.S. Nyenzi Climate Change Impact Studies: The IPCC Working Group II Report / Yu. Izrael Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources / H.E. Lins, I.A. Shiklomanov and E.Z. Stakhiv Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture, A Critical Assessment / S.K. Sinha Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Human Settlements, the Energy, Transport and Industrial Sectors; Human Health and Air Quality / M. Hashimoto and S. Nishioka The Response Strategies Working Group of the IPCC / F. Bernthal The Greenhouse Marathon: Proposal for a Global Strategy / P. Vellinga and R.J. Swart Adaptation Measures / K.M. Sarma Limitation Strategies / K. Yokobori Report of the IPCC Special Committee on the Participation of Developing Countries / J. Ripert OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME The World Climate Programme: Achievements and Challenges / J.P, Bruce Modern Data and Applications: World Climate Data Programme, World Climate Applications Programme / V.G. Boldirev Overview of the World Climate Research Programme / P. Morel World Climate Impact Studies Programme / J.C.I. Dooge CLIMATE RESEARCH Global Climate, Energy and Water Cycle / G.A. McBean Remote Sensing and Global Climate Change: Water Cycle and Energy Budget / H. Grassl World Ocean Circulation and Climate Change: Research Programmes and a Global Observing System / D.J. Baker Short Term Climate Variability and Predictions / J. Shukia Paleodata, Paleoclimates and the Greenhouse Effect / H. Oeschger Climate Prediction Based on Past and Current Analogues / M.I. Budyko Detection of the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect on Climate / T.M.L. Wigley and S.C.B. Raper CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Water Climate, Water and Development / J. Sircoulon Drought Issues for the 1990s / M.H. Glantz and W. Degefu Agriculture and Food Agriculture and Food Systems / M.S. Swaminathan The Potential Effect of Climate Changes on Agriculture / M. Parry and Zhang Jiachen Oceans, Fisheries and Coastal Zones Effects of Global Climatic Change on Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries / T. Kawasaki Sea Level Rise and Coastal Zone Management / E.M. Eid and C.H. Huisbergen Energy Beginning to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions need not be Expensive: Examples from the Energy Sector / E. Mills, D. Wilson and TB. Johansson Land Use and Urban Planning Climate and Land Use in North Africa / M. Kassas Climate and Urban Planning / R. Taesler Human Dimensions Human Well-being, Diseases and Climate / W.H. Weihe and R. Mertens Population and Global Climate Change / D. Norse Public Information and Attitudes / R. Lamb Environment and Development Climate, Environment and Ecology / W.H. Schlesinger Climate, Tropical Ecosystems and the Survivability of Species / P. Olindo Some Possible Impacts of Climate Change on African Ecosystems / C.H.D. Magadza Forests Forests: Their Role in Global Change, with Special Reference to the Brazilian Amazon / E. Salati, R.L. Victoria, L.A. Martinelli and J. E. Richey Integrated Studies Climate Change and Risk Management / K. Turner, T. ORiordan and R. Kemp Climate, Climate Change, and the Economy / N.S. Jodha and W.J. Maunder Assessing the Regional Implications of Climate Variability and Change / W.E. Riebsame and A. Magalhaes SPECIAL PRESENTATION Climate Change and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development / M.F. Strong TASK GROUPS AND CONSULTATION GROUP REPORTS Task Group I Climate, Hydrology and Water Resources Task Group 2 Agriculture and Food Task Group 3 Oceans, Fisheries and Coastal Zones Task Group 4 Energy Task Group 5 Land Use and Urban Planning Task Group 6 Human Dimensions of Climate Change Task Group 7 Environment and Development Task Group 8 Forests Task Group 9 WCP Overview Task Group 10 The World Climate Programme: Overview and Future Task Group 11 Scientific Components of International Agreements Task Group 12 Synthesis Consultation Group on the Special Needs of Developing Countries SUMMARIES OF PANEL DISCUSSIONS Global Climate Analogues and Global Climate Models Climate and Environmentally Sustainable Economic Development Industry's Response Co-operation in International Research Programmes CONFERENCE STATEMENT MINISTERIAL SESSIONS OPENING CEREMONY Introduction by Prof. G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary General, WMO H.E. Mr. Arnold Koller, President of the Swiss Confederation His Majesty King Hussein Bin Talal, of the Royal Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Rt. Hon. Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland H.E. Mr. Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France The Rt. Hon. Edward Fenech-Adami, Prime Minister of Malta The Rt. Hon. Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu Statement by Dr. E. Saouma, Director General, FAO CLOSING CEREMONY Statement by Dr. F. Mayor, Director General, UNESCO MINISTERIAL DECLARATION Appendix 1 SWCC Inter-Agency Committees Appendix 2 Poster Session Papers Appendix 3 Statement by Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations Appendix 4 Participants at the Scientific/Technical Sessions Appendix 5 Countries and Organizations Represented at the Ministerial Sessions Appendix 6 Participating Non-Governmental Organizations Appendix 7 Acronyms Appendix 8 Units
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    Monograph available for loan
    The periglacial environment (2007)
    Chichester : Wiley
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G3-08-0013 ; 13/M 13.0053 ; AWI G3-22-5374
    Description / Table of Contents: The periglacial environment, Third Edition, provides an authoritative overview of the world's cold, non-glacial environments. Emphasis is placed upon the North American and Eurasian polar lowlands. Examples are also drawn from Antarctica, the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, and the northern mid-latitudes. [...] The Third Edition continues to be a personal interpretation of the frost-induced conditions, geomorphic processes, and landforms that typify periglacial environments. The text is divided into four parts. Part One discusses the periglacial concept and its interactions with geomorphology, geocryology and Quaternary science. It also outlines the range and variability of periglacial climates and the degree to which landscapes are in geomorphic equilibrium with prevailing periglacial conditions. Part Two describes present-day terrain that is either underlain by permafrost or experiencing intense frost action. The roles played by cryogenic weathering, ground ice, mass wasting, running water, wind action, snow and ice, and coastal processes are systematically analysed. Part Three summarizes evidence for the existence of periglacial conditions during the cold periods of the Pleistocene. Special reference is made to the mid-latitudes of Europe and North America. Part Four illustrates the geotechnical problems associated with human activity and resource development in periglacial environments, and discusses the potential impact of global climate change in the northern high latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 458 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Third edition
    ISBN: 9780470865897
    Classification:
    Geography and Geomorphology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface to First Edition. - Preface to Second Edition. - Preface to Third Edition. - Acknowledgments. - Part I The Periglacial Domain. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The Periglacial Concept. - 1.2 Disciplinary Considerations. - 1.2.1 The Growth of Geocryology. - 1.2.2 The Changing Nature of Quaternary Science. - 1.2.3 Modern Periglacial Geomorphology. - 1.3 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. - 1.4 The Periglacial Domain. - 1.5 The Scope of Periglacial Geomorphology. - 1.5.1 Permafrost-Related Processes and Landforms. - 1.5.2 Azonal Processes and Landforms. - 1.5.3 Paleo-Environmental Reconstruction. - 1.5.4 Applied Periglacial Geomorphology. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 2 Periglacial Landscapes?. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Proglacial, Paraglacial or Periglacial?. - 2.3 Unglaciated Periglacial Terrain. - 2.3.1 Beaufort Plain, Northwest Banks Island, Arctic Canada. - 2.3.2 Barn Mountains, Northern Interior Yukon Territory, Canada. - 2.4 Relict Periglacial Landscapes. - 2.4.1 Chalk Uplands, Southern England and Northern France. - 2.4.2 Pine Barrens, Southern New Jersey, Eastern USA. - 2.5 Conclusions. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 3 Periglacial Climates. - 3.1 Boundary Conditions. - 3.2 Periglacial Climates. - 3.2.1 High Arctic Climates. - 3.2.2 Continental Climates. - 3.2.3 Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. - 3.2.4 Alpine Climates. - 3.2.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. - 3.2.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. - 3.3 Ground Climates. - 3.3.1 The n-Factor. - 3.3.2 The Thermal Offset. - 3.4 Periglacial Climates and the Cryosphere. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - Part II Present-Day Periglacial Environments. - 4 Cold-Climate Weathering. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Ground Freezing. - 4.2.1 The Freezing Process. - 4.2.2 Ice Segregation. - 4.2.3 The Frozen Fringe. - 4.2.4 Frost Heave. - 4.3 Freezing and Thawing. - 4.4 The Ground-Temperature Regime. - 4.4.1 The Seasonal Regime. - 4.4.2 Short-Term Fluctuations. - 4.5 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. - 4.5.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. - 4.5.2 Frost Weathering Models. - 4.5.3 Insolation Weathering and Thermal Shock. - 4.5.4 Discussion and Perspective. - 4.6 Chemical Weathering. - 4.6.1 General. - 4.6.2 Solution and Karstification. - 4.6.3 Salt Weathering. - 4.7 Cryogenic Weathering. - 4.8 Cryobiological Weathering. - 4.9 Cryopedology. - 4.9.1 Cryosols. - 4.9.2 Soil Micromorphology. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 5 Permafrost. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.1.1 Definition. - 5.1.2 Moisture and Ice within Permafrost. - 5.2 Thermal and Physical Properties. - 5.2.1 The Geothermal Regime. - 5.2.2 Physical Properties. - 5.2.3 Thermal Properties. - 5.3 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. - 5.3.1 General Principles. - 5.3.2 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. - 5.4 Distribution of Permafrost. - 5.4.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. - 5.4.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. - 5.4.3 Montane Permafrost of Central Asia and China. - 5.5 Relict Permafrost. - 5.5.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. - 5.5.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. - 5.6 Permafrost Hydrology. - 5.6.1 Aquifers. - 5.6.2 Hydrochemistry. - 5.6.3 Groundwater Icings. - 5.7 Permafrost and Terrain Conditions. - 5.7.1 Relief and Aspect. - 5.7.2 Rock Type. - 5.7.3 Vegetation. - 5.7.4 Snow Cover. - 5.7.5 Fire. - 5.7.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. - 5.8 The Active Layer. - 5.8.1 The Transient Layer. - 5.8.2 The Stefan Equation. - 5.8.3 Active-Layer Thermal Regime. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 6 Surface Features of Permafrost. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. - 6.2.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. - 6.2.2 Ice, Sand, and Soil Wedges. - 6.2.3 Development of the Polygon Net. - 6.2.4 Polygon Morphology. - 6.2.5 Controls Over Cracking. - 6.2.6 Climatic Significance. - 6.3 Organic Terrain. - 6.3.1 Palsas. - 6.3.2 Peat Plateaus. - 6.4 Rock Glaciers. - 6.4.1 Creeping Permafrost. - 6.4.2 Types and Distribution. - 6.4.3 Origin. - 6.5 Frost Mounds. - 6.5.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 6.5.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. - 6.5.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. - 6.5.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 6.5.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. - 6.5.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. - 6.6 Active-Layer Phenomena. - 6.6.1 Bedrock Heave. - 6.6.2 Needle Ice. - 6.6.3 Cryoturbation and Frost Heave. - 6.6.4 Frost Sorting. - 6.6.5 Patterned Ground. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 7 Ground lce. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Classification. - 7.2.1 Pore Ice. - 7.2.2 Segregated Ice. - 7.2.3 Intrusive Ice. - 7.2.4 Vein Ice. - 7.2.5 Other Types of Ice. - 7.3 Ice Distribution. - 7.3.1 Amounts. - 7.3.2 Distribution with Depth. - 7.3.3 Ice in Bedrock. - 7.3.4 Ice in Unconsolidated Sediments. - 7.4 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. - 7.4.1 Cryostructures, Cryotextures, and Cryofacies. - 7.4.2 Epigenetic and Syngenetic Cryostructures. - 7.4.3 Thaw Unconformities. - 7.4.4 Ice Crystallography. - 7.4.5 Ice Geochemistry. - 7.4.6 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. - 7.5 Ice Wedges. - 7.5.1 Epigenetic Wedges. - 7.5.2 Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.5.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.6 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. - 7.6.1 Nature and Extent. - 7.6.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. - 7.6.3 Buried Glacier Ice. - 7.6.4 Other Mechanisms. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 8 Thermokarst. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Causes of Thermokarst. - 8.2.1 General. - 8.2.2 Specific. - 8.3 Thaw-Related Processes. - 8.3.1 Thermokarst Subsidence. - 8.3.2 Thermal Erosion. - 8.3.3 Other Processes. - 8.4 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. - 8.4.1 Involuted Sediments. - 8.4.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. - 8.4.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. - 8.4.4 Ice, Silt, Sand, and Gravel Pseudomorphs. - 8.5 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. - 8.5.1 Low-Centered Polygons. - 8.5.2 High-Centered Polygons. - 8.5.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. - 8.6 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. - 8.6.1 Morphology. - 8.6.2 Growth and Drainage. - 8.6.3 Oriented Thaw Lakes. - 8.7 Thermokarst-Affected Terrain. - 8.7.1 The Lowlands of Central and Northern Siberia. - 8.7.2 The Western North American Arctic. - 8.8 Human-Induced Thermokarst. - 8.8.1 Causes. - 8.8.2 Case Studies. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 9 Hillslope Processes and Slope Evolution. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 Slope Morphology. - 9.2.1 The Free-Face Model. - 9.2.2 Rectilinear Debris-Mantled Slopes. - 9.2.3 Convexo-Concavo Debris-Mantled Slopes. - 9.2.4 Pediment-Like Slopes. - 9.2.5 Stepped Profiles. - 9.3 Mass Wasting. - 9.4 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. - 9.4.1 Solifluction. - 9.4.2 Frost Creep. - 9.4.3 Gelifluction. - 9.4.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. - 9.5 Rapid Mass Wasting. - 9.5.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. - 9.5.2 Debris Flows, Slushflows, and Avalanches. - 9.5.3 Rockfall. - 9.6 Slopewash. - 9.6.1 Snow-Bank Hydrology. - 9.6.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. - 9.7 Frozen and Thawing Slopes. - 9.7.1 Permafrost Creep. - 9.7.2 Thermokarst and Thaw Consolidation. - 9.7.3 Stability of Thawing Slopes. - 9.8 Cold-Climate Slope Evolution. - 9.8.1 Cryoplanation. - 9.8.2 Slope Replacement and Richter Denudation Slopes. - 9.8.3 Rapidity of Profile Change. - 9.8.4 Summary. - Advanced Reading. - Discussion Topics. - 10 Azonal Processes and Landforms. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Fluvial Processes and Landforms. - 10.2.1 Major Rivers. - 10.2.2 Freeze-Up and Break-Up. - 10.2.3 Basin Hydrology. - 10.2.4 Sediment Flow, Surface Transport, and Denudation. - 10.2.5 Fluvio-Thermal Erosion. - 10.2.6 Channel Morphology. - 10.2.7 Valley Asymmetry. - 10.3 Eolian Processes and Sediments. - 10.3.1 Wind Abrasion. - 10.3.2 Wind Deflation. - 10.3.3 Niveo-Eolian Sediments. - 10.3.4 Loess-Like Silt. - 10.3.5 Sand Dunes and San
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    Study of water drainage from columns of snow (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/1
    In: CRREL Report, 79-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments were conducted to study the flow of water through columns of homogeneous, repacked snow. The gravity flow theory of water flow through snow was verified, although possibly there is some dependence of the relative permeability on the state of metamorphism of the snow. Also, at very large values of saturation there may be some additional flow in saturated channels.
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    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-1
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9017
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge
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    Sea ice ridging over the Alaskan continental shelf (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9015
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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    Nondestructive testing of in-service highway pavements in Maine (1979)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-79/6
    In: CRREL Report, 79-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Nondestructive repetitive plate bearing (RPB) tests were conducted on various test sections in state highways in Maine during 13-15 April 1976. The RPB test consists of making resilient surface deflection measurements during repetitive loadings at various radii from the load plate. The pavement system stiffness was calculated and the resilient modulus values for the various pavement layers were determined with the Chevron computer program for a layered elastic system. A thawed analysis using nondimensional deflection curves for the various sections provided a guide to the susceptibility of the pavement systems to surface failure and pothole development. Some comparisons between stabilized and nonstabilized aggregate and soil were made with calculated stiffness values. The moduli of the various materials were also compared. The residual surface deflections during testing for several pavement systems indicated a linear logarithmic relationship with number of load applications. A relationship between the modulus of the asphalt cement concrete pavement and pavement temperature was developed for the limited temperature range during the testing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9013
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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    Mesoscale dynamics (2007)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge University Press
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    Call number: AWI A5-08-0018
    Description / Table of Contents: Mesoscale weather systems are responsible for numerous natural disasters, such as damaging winds, blizzards, and flash flooding. A fundamental understanding of the underlying dynamics involved in these weather systems is essential in forecasting their occurrence. This book provides a systematic approach to this subject, and covers a more complete spectrum of mesoscale dynamics than other texts. The opening chapters introduce the basic equations governing mesoscale weather systems and their approximations. The subsequent chapters cover four major areas of mesoscale dynamics: wave dynamics, moist convection, front dynamics, and mesoscale modeling. Wave dynamics covers wave generation and maintenance, orographically forced flow, and thermally forced flow. The moist convection part covers mesoscale instabilities, isolated storms, mesoscale convective systems, orographic precipitation, and introduces tropical cyclone dynamics. The dynamics of synoptic-scale fronts, mesoscale fronts, and jet streaks are discussed in the front dynamics part. The last part of the book introduces basic numerical modeling techniques, parameterizations of major physical processes, and the foundation for mesoscale numerical weather prediction. Mesoscale Dynamics is an ideal reference on this topic for researchers in meteorology and atmospheric science. This book could also serve as a textbook for graduate students, and it contains over 100 problems, with password-protected solutions. Modeling projects, providing hands-on practice for building simple models of stratified fluid flow from a one-dimensional advection equation, are also described.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 630 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 9780521808750
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Preface. - 1 Overview. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Definitions of atmospheric scales. - 1.3 Energy generation and scale interactions. - 1.4 Predictability. - References. - 2 Governing equations for mesoscale motions. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Derivation of the governing equations. - 2.3 Approximations to the governing equations. - References. - Problems. - 3 Basic wave dynamics. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Basic wave properties. - 3.3 Soundwaves. - 3.4 Shallow water waves. - 3.5 Pure gravity waves. - 3.6 Inertia-gravity waves. - 3.7 Wave reflection levels. - 3.8 Critical levels. - Appendix 3.1. - References. - Problems. - 4 Mesoscale wave generation and maintenance. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Wave generation mechanisms. - 4.2.1 Density impulses and moist convection. - 4.2.2 Mesoscale instabilities. - 4.2.3 Geostrophic adjustment. - 4.2.4 Nonlinear interactions. - 4.3 Wave maintenance mechanisms. - 4.3.1 Linear wave ducting mechanism. - 4.3.2 Solitary wave mechanism. - 4.3.3 Wave-CISK mechanism. - 4.4 Energy propagation and momentum flux. - References. - Problems. - 5 Orographically forced flows. - 5.1 Flows over two-dimensional sinusoidal mountains. - 5.2 Flows over two-dimensional isolated mountains. - 5.2.1 Uniform basic flow. - 5.2.2 Basic flow with variable Scorer parameter. - 5.2.3 Trapped lee waves. - 5.3 Nonlinear flows over two-dimensional mountains. - 5.3.1 Nonlinear flow regimes. - 5.3.2 Generation of severe downslope winds. - 5.4 Flows over three-dimensional mountains. - 5.4.1 Linear theory. - 5.4.2 Generation of lee vortices. - 5.5 Flows over larger mesoscale mountains. - 5.5.1 Rotational effects. - 5.5.2 Lee cyclogenesis. - 5.5.3 Orographic influence on cyclone track. - 5.6 Other orographic effects. - 5.6.1 Effects on frontal passage. - 5.6.2 Coastally trapped disturbances. - 5.6.3 Cold-air damming. - 5.6.4 Gap flow. - Appendix 5.1. - References. - Problems. - 6 Thermally forced flows. - 6.1 Two-dimensional flows. - 6.1.1 Steady flows over a sinusoidal heat source. - 6.1.2 Steady flows over an isolated heat source. - 6.2 Transient flows. - 6.2.1 Flow responses to pulse heating. - 6.2.2 Flow responses to steady heating. - 6.3 Applications to mesoscale circulations. - 6.3.1 Density current formation and propagation. - 6.3.2 Heat island circulations. - 6.3.3 Moist convection. - 6.3.4 Gravity wave generation and propagation. - 6.4 Effects of shear, three dimensionality, and rotation. - 6.4.1 Two-dimensional shear flows. - 6.4.2 Three-dimensional nonrotating flows. - 6.4.3 Three-dimensional rotating flows. - 6.5 Dynamics of sea and land breezes. - 6.5.1 Linear theories. - 6.5.2 Nonlinear numerical studies. - 6.6 Dynamics of mountain-plains solenoidal circulations. - Appendix 6.1. - References. - Problems. - 7 Mesoscale instabilities. - 7.1 Wave energy transfer through instabilities. - 7.2 Integral theorems of stratified flow. - 7.2.1 Governing equations. - 7.2.2 Miles' theorem. - 7.2.3 Howard's semicircle theorem. - 7.3 Static, conditional, and potential instabilities. - 7.3.1 Static instability. - 7.3.2 Conditional instability. - 7.3.3 Potential instability. - 7.4 Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. - 7.5 Inertial instability. - 7.6 Symmetric instability. - 7.6.1 Dry symmetric instability. - 7.6.2 Moist symmetric instability. - 7.7 Baroclinic instability. - References. - Problems. - 8 Isolated convective storms. - 8.1 Dynamics of single-cell storms and downbursts. - 8.2 Dynamics of multicell storms. - 8.3 Effects of shear and buoyancy. - 8.3.1 Effects of shear on cold outflow. - 8.3.2 Effects of buoyancy. - 8.4 Dynamics of supercell storms. - 8.4.1 General characteristics. - 8.4.2 Effects of unidirectional shear. - 8.4.3 Storm splitting. - 8.4.4 Storm rotation and propagation. - 8.4.5 Effects of directional shear. - 8.5 Tornado dynamics. - 8.5.1 Supercell tornadogenesis. - 8.5.2 Nonsupercell tornadogenesis. - 8.5.3 Tornado vortex dynamics. - References. - Problems. - 9 Mesoscale convective systems. - 9.1 Squall lines and rainbands. - 9.1.1 Squall line classifications. - 9.1.2 Formation mechanisms. - 9.1.3 Maintenance mechanisms. - 9.1.4 Squall line movement. - 9.1.5 Rainbands. - 9.2 Mesoscale convective complexes. - 9.2.1 General characteristics. - 9.2.2 Formation and development mechanisms. - 9.3 Tropical cyclones. - 9.3.1 General characteristics. - 9.3.2 Tropical cyclogenesis. - 9.3.3 Intensity and mesoscale structure. - 9.3.4 Tropical cyclone movement. - References. - Problems. - 10 Dynamics of fronts and jet streaks. - 10.1 Kinematics of frontogenesis. - 10.2 Dynamics of two-dimensional frontogenesis. - 10.2.1 Geostrophic momentum approximation. - 10.2.2 Frontogenesis and cross-frontal circulations. - 10.3 Frontogenesis and baroclinic waves. - 10.4 Moist and frictional effects on frontogenesis. - 10.5 Other types of fronts. - 10.5.1 Upper-level frontogenesis. - 10.5.2 Drylines. - 10.6 Jet streak dynamics. - 10.6.1 Upper-level jet streaks. - 10.6.2 Low-level jets. - References. - Problems. - 11 Dynamics of orographic precipitation. - 11.1 Orographic influence on climatological distribution of precipitation. - 11.2 Orographic modification of preexisting disturbances. - 11.2.1 Passage of troughs. - 11.2.2 Passage of midlatitude cyclones and fronts. - 11.2.3 Passage of tropical cyclones. - 11.2.4 Common ingredients of orographic precipitation. - 11.3 Formation and enhancement mechanisms. - 11.3.1 Stable ascent mechanism. - 11.3.2 Release of moist instabilities. - 11.3.3 Effects of mountain geometry. - 11.3.4 Combined thermal and orographic forcing. - 11.3.5 Seeder-feeder mechanism. - 11.3.6 Dynamical-microphysical interaction mechanism. - 11.4 Control parameters and moist flow regimes. - 11.4.1 Control parameters. - 11.4.2 Moist flow regimes. - References. - 12 Basic numerical methods. - 12.1 Introduction. - 12.2 Finite difference approximations of derivatives. - 12.3 Finite difference approximations of the advection equation. - 12.3.1 Two-time-level schemes. - 12.3.2 Three-time-level schemes. - 12.4 Implicit schemes. - 12.5 Semi-Lagrangian methods. - Appendix 12.1. - References. - Problems. - Modeling projects. - 13 Numerical modeling of geophysical fluid systems. - 13.1 Grid systems and vertical coordinates. - 13.1.1 Grid systems. - 13.1.2 Vertical coordinates. - 13.2 Boundary conditions. - 13.2.1 Lateral boundary conditions. - 13.2.2 Upper boundary conditions. - 13.2.3 Lower boundary conditions. - 13.3 Initial conditions and data assimilation. - 13.4 Nonlinear aliasing and instability. - 13.5 Modeling a stratified fluid system. - 13.6 Predictability and ensemble forecasting. - References. - Problems. - Modeling project. - 14 Parameterizations of physical processes. - 14.1 Reynolds averaging. - 14.2 Parameterization of planetary boundary layer processes. - 14.2.1 Parameterization of the surface layer. - 14.2.2 Parameterization of the PBL. - 14.3 Parameterization of moist processes. - 14.3.1 Parameterization of microphysical processes. - 14.3.2 Cumulus parameterization. - 14.4 Parameterizations of radiative transfer processes. - 14.4.1 Introduction. - 14.4.2 Longwave radiation. - 14.4.3 Shortwave radiation. - References. - Problems. - Appendices. - A. List of symbols. - B. Nomenclature. - Index.
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    Preferred crystal orientations in the fast ice along the margins of the Arctic Ocean (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/13
    In: CRREL Report, 78-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth, with the strongest orientations occurring at the bottom of the ice sheet. In general the c-axes of the crystals were aligned roughly E-W parallel to the coast. In the vicinity of islands the alignment roughly paralleled the outlines of the islands and in narrow passes between islands the alignment paralleled the channel. Our observations, as well as similar observations made in the Kara Sea by Cherepanov, can be explained if it is assumed that the c-axes of the crystals are aligned parallel to the 'long-term' current direction at the sea ice/sea water interface. The alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection among the growing crystals, with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that make up the dendritic ice/water interface characteristics of sea ice. It is hypothesized that current flow in this direction reduces the thickness of the solute boundary layer as well as the salinity in the liquid at the interface. This lowered salinity allows crystals in the favored orientation to extend farther into the melt than neighboring crystals with less favored orientations. In addition the current tends to induce a continuous flux of supercooled seawater against the sides of the crystals that extend ahead of the interface.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-13
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9402
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited
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  • 30
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    Tundra disturbances and recovery following the 1949 exploratory drilling, Fish Creek, northern Alaska (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9460
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 31
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    Primary production in sea ice of the Weddell region (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/19
    In: CRREL Report, 78-19
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-19
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9389
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column
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  • 32
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    German Antarctic North Victoria Land expedition : GANOVEX from Oates Coast to Marie Byrd Land (1996)
    Hannover : Schweizerbart
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    Call number: S 90.0054(89) ; ZSP-320(B,86)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    In: Polar issue
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 370 S.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe B 89
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 33
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    Geologičeskaja karta SSSR i prilegajuščich akvatorij 1:2 500 000 (1983)
    Leningrad : Vsesoj. im. Lenina Naučno-Issl. Geol. Institut im A. P. Karpinskogo
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    Call number: AWI K-96-0595(1-16) ; AWI K-96-0522(1-16)
    Pages: 1 Kt. auf 16 Bl. : mehrfarb. ; Gesamtgr. 337 x 206 cm
    Language: Russian , English
    Note: In kyrill. Schr. - Legende russ. u. engl.
    Location: 16
    Location: 16
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  • 34
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    A computer model of municipal snow removal (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/30
    In: CRREL Report, 77-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Ageneral computer model to simulate municipal snow removal has been developed. Programs which aid in the routing of snowplows are a part of this package. Once vehicle routes are created, the simulation program can be used to assess situations varying both equipment and meteorological parameters. Time for each plow to complete its route is calculated. Considerations are made for the above variable parameters plus plowing windrow, route starting depth, overlapping truck routes and intersection delay time. The effects of storm length, snowfall rate and starting depth on total plowing time are examined in a test case.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-30
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9503
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Flexural strength of ice on temperate lakes : comparative tests of large cantilever and simply supported beams (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
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    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9406
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 36
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    Segregation freezing as the cause of suction force for ice lens formation (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/6
    In: CRREL Report, 78-6
    Description / Table of Contents: A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow of heat and water, of which the segregation freezing temperature is one of the boundary conditions.
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    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-6
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9411
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available
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  • 37
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    Interaction of a surface wave with a dielectric slab discontinuity (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/8
    In: CRREL Report, 78-8
    Description / Table of Contents: The interaction of a 5.1-GHz transverse electric surface wave with a dielectric slab is experimentally investigated. The wave is initially supported by a dielectric substrate resting upon a metallic ground-plane. A slab, made of the same dielectric material as the substrate and variable in height, is then placed upon the waveguide. The results for a small slab sitting on the substrate showed that the discontinuity was a very inefficient launcher of reflected surface waves. Investigations of these reflections with a trough waveguide showed that, for values of slab height comparable to the exponential decay height of the surface wave, the reflections remain very small. However, as the slab height is increased beyond the decay height, the reflected amplitude approaches the theoretical value for a plane wave reflected from the interface between air and the same dielectric. The results are applicable to surface wave methods of microwave deicing of wings and helicopter rotors.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9408
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
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    In-plane deformation of non-coaxial plastic soil (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
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    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9410
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 39
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    Remote sensing of accumulated frazil and brash ice in the St. Lawrence River (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/8
    In: CRREL Report, 77-8
    Description / Table of Contents: A broadbanded impulse radar system was used for aerial detection of accumulated frazil and brash ice in a 9.5-km reach of the St. Lawrence River near Ogden Island. The remote sensing and data reduction system developed for the project provided data sufficient for production of a contour map having 1-ft intervals. With this contour map, the accumulation pattern of frazil and brash ice could be analyzed. Recommendations are given for improving the performance of the aerial profiling system.
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    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-8
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9483
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Background Objectives Profiling system Approach Profiling method Data reduction and interpretation Results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Comparison of ground and aerial data
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  • 40
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    Bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles (1978)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/3
    In: CRREL Report, 78-3
    Description / Table of Contents: The mathematical theory for the bearing capacity of river ice for vehicles is presented. The floating ice sheet is assumed to have simple supports at the shore line. Solutions are presented for loads uniformly distributed over circular and rectangular areas. Numerical evaluations are made for a number of vehicles and the results presented in graphical form
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    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-3
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9418
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program
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  • 41
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part IV: dynamics and energetics of parallel motion tools (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/7
    In: CRREL Report, 77-7
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, IV
    Description / Table of Contents: The report deals with the cutting of rock and similar materials by parallel motion tools. It examines cutting forces and energy requirements, taking into consideration tool geometry, wear, operating conditions, and material properties. After an introductory discussion of terminology, some general principles are outlined, and relevant theoretical ideas on metal cutting and rock cutting are reviewed. The next section, which is the heart of the report, reviews experimental data on the magnitudes and directions of cutting forces. There is a graphical compilation of data, including some from obscure or unpublished sources. The variables covered include chipping depth, rake angle, relief angle, side rake, base angle, tool width, tool compliance, tool speed, tool wear, tool interactions, and material properties. The second major part of the report treats the energetics of cutting. It begins with a short discussion of relevant principles, and continues with a compilation and review of experimental data, covering the same independent variables as the force section. The report ends with a concise summary of general behavior for parallel motion tools.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-7
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9485
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement
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    Roof moisture survey : ten state of New Hampshire buildings (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/31
    In: CRREL Report, 77-31
    Description / Table of Contents: Ten roofs in Concord, New Hampshire, were surveyed for wet insulation using a hand-held infrared camera. Suspected wet areas were marked on the roof with spray paint and roof samples were obtained to verify wet and dry conditions. Recommendations for maintenance and repair were made based on infrared findings, water contents, and visual examinations. An incremental economic study is presented to serve as a guide in determining the most cost-effective approach.
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    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-31
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9502
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 43
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    Series available for loan
    Apparent anomaly in freezing of ordinary water (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/20
    In: CRREL Report, 76-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it pro­ceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomal­ous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments dis­playing the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-20
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6198
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 44
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    Oceanographic data of the 47th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition from December 2005 to March 2006 (2008)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-304
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 52 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 304 : Oceanography 31
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00003501/
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Study of piles installed in polar snow (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/23
    In: CRREL Report, 76-23
    Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the study of piles tested in polar snow at Camp Century, Greenland. More than 20 piles of various lengths and sizes were driven, including timber, closed-end and open-end steel pipe piles, and I- and H-piles. The H-piles were instrumented with strain gages. In addition to the driven piles, two purely end-bearing piles were installed in augered holes and five piles were frozen in place using a snow-water slurry. Driving records were obtained and are discussed. Analysis of the driving response of various piles revealed that the Hiley formula, and presumably other similar pile driving formulas, cannot be used to predict the ultimate supporting capacity of piles driven in snow. Factors such as pile inertia, rigidity, size, and tip resistance are discussed in relation to their apparent influence upon pile penetration. Pile load test procedures are described and test results are discussed. It was found that closed-end pipe piles are decidedly inferior to open-end pipe piles in their load-carrying capability and their ultimate supporting capacity. Although pile settlement was found to be dependent upon such variables as pipe load, time, pile shape, and snow temperature, precise effects of these variables were not determined. Nevertheless, the capability of open-end piles to carry quite heavy loads was demonstrated and a procedure is presented for testing these piles in snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 132 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-23
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA029191
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Test site Pile driving equipment Test instrumentation Testing procedures Pile driving data Pile type vs driving resistance Closed-end vs open-end piles Calculated bearing capacity of pile Effect of pile driving on the embedment medium Pile inclination Slurried-in-place piles Pile load test data Strain gage instrumentation and results Pile excavation Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Theoretical elastic deflection of piles supported by skin friction Appendix B: Trench floor arching study
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  • 46
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    Thermophysical properties of liquid and supercooled rare earth elements measured by an electrostatic levitator : Takehiko Ishikawa, Paul-François Paradis, Yuki Watanabe ... (2008)
    [Tokyo] : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-405a-08-0048
    In: JAXA Research and Development Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 13 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: JAXA Research and development report RR-07-014E
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    The prediction of unfrozen water contents in frozen soils from liquid limit determinations (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/8
    In: CRREL Report, 76-8
    Description / Table of Contents: During the past decade a number of methods for measuring the amount of unfrozen water in partially frozen ground have emerged. Means of quickly and simply predicting unfrozen water contents in clay have become increasingly important with the growth of interest in encapsulating clay soils compacted at low water contents to serve as base courses for roads. Unfortunately the measurements require sophisticated equipment and, in most instances, specially trained operators. In an effort to simplify the task of obtaining water-ice phase composition data, methods of calculating phase composition curves from other, simpler measurements on soils have been sought. The paper presents a method of deriving the measurement of unfrozen water contents at various temperatures from liquid limit determinations.
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    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-8
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026632
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Series available for loan
    Water flow through veins in ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-6
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6136
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Excavations in frozen ground; Part I. Explosion tests in Keweenaw Silt (1956)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-30
    In: SIPRE report, 30
    Description / Table of Contents: Mining Research Corporation, Inc., under contract with Snow Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, conducted explosion tests in frozen Keweenaw silt, to determine; (1) the most efficient type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground, (2) the fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge, (3) the proper position of the charge relative to the frozen-ground interface, (4) the feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material, and (5) the effect of the diameter of the borehole and of the shape of the charge upon the resultsof blasting. Information obtained from the tests applies to the specific problem of excavating in frozen ground and to fundamental explosives research. Conclusions and recommendations based on this information are presented here concerning the feasibility of using explosives for fox-holes in frozen ground; methods of placing the charge; mechanics of crater formation; the crater equation; future instrumentation; classification of explosives; and correlation of blast data.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 30
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0115156
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Abstract Chapter I. Introduction to problem 1. Previous attempts at blasting frozen ground 2. Necessity for fundamental approach 3. Terminology 4. Description, objectives, and scope of the Keweenaw Tests 5. Selection of explosives 6. Classification and properties of commercial explosives 7. Characteristics of explosives in the Keweenaw Tests 8. Comparison of Atlas, Hercules, and Du Pont nitroglycerine-base explosives Chapter II. Test program Section I. Field tests 1. General 2. Test site 3. Field test procedure a. Site preparation b. Instrumentation c. Snow removal d. Determining depth of frozen ground e. Soil sampling and coring f. Layout of the test site g. Spacing of blast holes h. Blast-hole drilling i. Blasting procedure j. Field analysis and crater surveys k. Data-sheet computations l. Photography Section II. Laboratory tests 1. Soil handling and storage 2. Soil classification tests a. Specimen preparation b. Test procedure c. Test results 3. Tests to determine stress-strain relationship a. General b. Specimen preparation for unconfined compression tests c. Test procedure d. Results e. Observations Chapter III. Analysis of blast tests Section I. Mechanics of crater formation in frozen Keweenaw silt 1. Introduction 2. Shock phenomena 3. Expansion of the gas bubble 4. Rupture of surface and conversion of pressure head to velocity head Section II. Blast Test A - Relationships of explosive, radius of crater, volume of crater, and depth of crater 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section Ill. Blast Test B - Energy utilization in blasting 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observation Section IV. Blast Test C - The frozen-ground interface 1. Introduction 2. Relation of frozen-ground interface to scaling laws 3. Relation between the ratio of chamber volume to crater volume and the volume-utilization factor 4. Increase in volum.e-utilization factor for charges placed below the frozen layer 5. Position of the gas bubble relative to the frozen-ground interface 6. Igloo-type foxhole construction Section V. Blast Test D - Foxhole construction 1. Introduction 2. Application of shaped charges to foxhole construction 3. Application of hand-auget drilling to foxhole construction 4. Conclusions Section VI. Blast Test E - Temperature effect 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section VII. Blast Test F - Effect of charge shape 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusions Chapter IV. Summary of objectives; conclusions and recommendations Section I. Summary of objectives 1. Introduction 2. Objective 1: Most efficientt type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground 3. Objective 2: Fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge 4. Objective 3: Proper position of charge relative to the frozen-ground interface 5. Objective 4: Feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material 6. Objective 5: Effect of diameter of the borehole and shape of charge on results of blasting Section II. Conclusions and recommendations 1. Feasibility of using explosives for constructing foxholes in frozen ground 2. Methods of placing the charge 3. Mechanics of crater formation 4. The crater equation 5. Future instrumentation 6. Classification of explosives 7. Correlation of blast data Appendix: Data sheets, Experiments 1-13
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  • 50
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    Protected membrane roofs in cold regions (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/2
    In: CRREL Report, 76-2
    Description / Table of Contents: The repair and maintenance costs of low slope roofs are high and their life expectancy is less than desired. The increasing use of insulation is accompanied by a greater incidence of problems. The experience in cold regions amplifies these experiences. Protected membrane roofs have the prerequisites for better performance and the experience to date is encouraging. The results of performance measurements of three roofs built by the Corps of Engineers verify that the membrane remains at nearly constant temperature, independent of the weather, and that the insulation retains its integrity despite periodic wetting. Moisture absorption is slow and appears to stabilize in time due to the self-drying nature of the roof. Heat losses are increased due to rain, and extra insulation should be added to compensate for these losses. The resistance of protected membrane roofs to fire, traffic, impact, and other adverse forces is superior. So far, the initial cost of protected membrane roofs is at a premium, primarily due to the cost of concrete pavers. The initial cost premium can be justified, however, by the reduced repair and maintenance costs as indicated to date, and by the longer life expectancy of the protected membrane. The high probability of superior performance and cost effectiveness is a compelling reason to incorporate protected membrane roofs increasingly in Government construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-2
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6409
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Low slope roof problems and repair costs Protected membrane roofs and materials Installations of protected membrane roofs Performance evaluation Test program Effectiveness Thermal efficiency Heat balance Internal cooling due to rain Moisture absorption and thermal conductivity of insulations Durability and life expectancy Fire resistance Patent considerations Costs of roofs Design considerations Proposed specifications Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 51
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    Islands of grounded sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/4
    In: CRREL Report, 76-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Large areas of grounded sea ice have been reported by early arctic explorers and more recently by the U.S. Coast Guard. The ESSA, ERTS, NOAA and DMSP satellites now provide multispectral imagery with sufficiently high resolution to allow detailed sequential observations to be made of the movement and spatial extent of arctic sea ice. This report discusses the location, formation and decay of five large (greater than 30 sq km) islands of grounded sea ice in the southern Chukchi Sea as observed for an extended period of time using satellite imagery. Measurements of the bathymetry around one grounded sea ice feature are presented along with observations made and photos taken from the ice surface. The potential use of these sea ice islands as research stations is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-4
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA025257
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction The discovery Age of the island Island visit Other islands of grounded ice Discussion Literature cited
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  • 52
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    Series available for loan
    Interpretation of the tensile strength of ice under triaxial stresses (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/5
    In: CRREL Report, 76-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Griffith, and later Babel, have previously developed a tensile fracture criterion for a two-dimensional state of stress. This theory is extended to the compression-compression region. From this theory the angle of fracture is developed. The theory is extended conceptually to three dimensions. Triaxial test data by Haynes for snow-ice are shown in this three-dimensional fracture theory. The test data are slightly less than those predicted when the void in the snow-ice is spherical.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-5
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6171
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Thickness and roughness variations of Arctic multiyear sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    URL: Abstract
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
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  • 54
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    Ecology, diversity, taxonomy; Vol. 2. (1996)
    Königstein : Koeltz Scientific Books
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    Call number: M 97.0424 ; AWI Bio-99-0086
    In: Iconographia diatomologica
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 390 S. : zahlr. Ill.
    ISBN: 3874293866
    Classification:
    Paleontology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 55
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    Series available for loan
    Creep of single crystals of ice (1954)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
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    Call number: ZSP-201-11
    In: SIPRE report, 11
    Description / Table of Contents: A commercial deep-freeze unit was modified to serve as a laboratory for growing single crystals, cutting specimens of a given orientation, testing these specimens in compressive creep, and studying thin-sections of the results on a universal stage. A method of growing single crystals of adequate size was developed by adapting the Bridgman method. Fortyone creep tests were made at temperatures ranging from -1° to -18°C. These gave an unexpected form of creep-curve in which the rate of strain continuously increases with time. The mechanism of deformation is dominantly basal translation—consistent with earlier work. The dependence on temperature and stress is expressed empirically.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 11
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/6031
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction Use of the deep-freeze as a cold laboratory Growing single crystals Creep tests Conclusions References cited
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  • 56
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    Riemann solvers and numerical methods for fluid dynamics : a practical introduction (2007)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer-Verlag
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    Call number: AWI S3-09-0016
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 680 S.
    Edition: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 9783540252023
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    The impact of sub-grid scale sea-ice inhomogeneities on the performance of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM (1994)
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
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    Call number: ZSP-686-143
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 42 S. : Ill.
    ISSN: 0937-1060
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 143
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Cloud simulations with the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology general circulation model ECHAM4 and comparison with observations (1996)
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
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    Call number: ZSP-686-193
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 49 S. : Ill.
    ISSN: 0937-1060
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 193
    Language: English
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  • 59
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    The atmospheric sulfur cycle in ECHAM-4 and its impact on the shortwave radiation (1996)
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
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    Call number: ZSP-686-216
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 39 S. : Ill.
    ISSN: 0937-1060
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 216
    Language: English
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  • 60
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    Arctic sea ice dynamics [Elektronische Ressource] : drifts and ridging in numerical models and observations (2007)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-563
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: VIII, 229 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 563
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.27083
    Language: English
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  • 61
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    Geochemistry of the Ob and Yenisey estuaries [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparative study (2007)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-565
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 235 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 565
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.28671
    Language: English
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  • 62
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 5 (1982)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-5
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 188 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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  • 63
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 6 (1982)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-6 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 106 S. : graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 64
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    Advances in Geophysics
    San Diego, California : Academic Press
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    Call number: ZS-002/37 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635 ; Z 2635(2) ; Z 2635(1,1) ; Z 2635(1,2) ; AWI A6-99-0256 ; Z 2635 ; ZS-002 ; ZS-002 ; ZS-002 ; ZS-002 ; ZS-002 ; Z 2635
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    ISSN: 0065-2687
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 65
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    Research in Svalbard : a yearly information bulletin
    Oslo : Norsk Polarinstitutt
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    Vegetation of the Angmagssalik district Southeast Greenland 2 : herb and snow-bed vegetation (1976)
    København : Nyt Nordisk Forl.
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    Call number: ZSP-553-198,2
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 266 S.
    ISBN: 8717021200
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    On the Hydracarina of Greenland with a description of Lebertia (Pseudolebertia) Groenlandica n. sp. (1962)
    København : Reitzel
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    Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes between the 47th and 48th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2006 - 2007 : long-term monitoring study (2009)
    Tokyo : Inst.
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    Call number: ZSP-403-309
    In: Jare Data Reports
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    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 309 : Terrestrial Biology 4
    URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1291/00004296/
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    The expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/8 of the research vessel "Polarstern" in 2006/2007 [Elektronische Ressource] : ANT-XXIII/8 ; 23 November 2006-30 January 2007 Cape Town-Punta Arenas (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 569
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.28679.d001
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    Science and technology policy in the service of a Greater Europe : proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Policy in the Service of a Greater Europe, Schloss Cecilienhof, Potsdam, 28-29 January 1993 (1994)
    Frankfurt [u.a.] : Campus-Verl.
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    Call number: M 98.0009 ; PIK D 025-96-0239 ; AWI P2-95-0122
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 255 S.
    ISBN: 359335005X
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    Language: English
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    The expedition ARKTIS-XXI/1 a and b of the research vessel "Polarstern" in 2005 [Elektronische Ressource] (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-570
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: Online-Ressource (145 S.)
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 570
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.30795.d001
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    The Antarctic ecosystem of Potter cove, King-George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo) : Synopsis of research performed 1999 - 2006 at the Dallmann Laboratory and Jubany Station (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Pages: 411 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 571
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.30038.d001
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    Reactions on surface of frozen water [Elektronische Ressource] : Importance of surface reactions for the distribution of reactive compounds in the atmosphere (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-573
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
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    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 573
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.28885.d001
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    Climatic and hydrographic variability in the late holocene Skagerrak as deduced from benthic foraminiferal proxies = Klimatische und hydrographische Variabilität im holozänen Sagerrak, abgeleitet aus benthischen Foraminiferen [Elektronische Ressource] (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-572
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
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    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 572
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.28879.d001
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 11 (1984)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 146 S.
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    Extended abstracts of papers presented at the MAP symposium, November 26 - 30, 1984, Kyoto, Japan; Vol. 18. (1985)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 522 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Research in Svalbard; 1984 (1984)
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    In: Research in Svalbard
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    Pages: 180 S.
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    Geochronological studies in central East Greenland : (four papers) (1987)
    Koebenhavn : Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse
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    Call number: ZSP-683-134
    In: Rapport = Report
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: U-Pb and Rb-Sr age determinations on Caledonian plutonic rocks in the central part of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen, R. H. Steiger & N. Henriksen. - Archaean U-Pb zircon ages form the Soresby Sund region, East Greenland / K. Higgins & B. Borchardt. - Isotopic age dating in Liverpool Land, East Greenland / B. T. Hansen & J. D. Friderichsen. - Rb-Sr and K-AR Caledonian ages from the Upper Eleonore Bay Group and Cambrian metasediments of the East Greenland Caledonian fold belt / M. G. Bonhomme & R. Caby
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    Pages: 51 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: The Geological Survey of Greenland : Report 134
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    Air pollution studies with the EURAD model system (2) (1995)
    Köln
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    Call number: ZSP-560-105
    In: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln
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    Pages: 70 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 0069-5882
    Series Statement: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln 105
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    Observations on mosquitoes in Greenland (1966)
    København : Lunos
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    Call number: ZSP-553-170,3
    In: Meddelelser om Grønland
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    Pages: 26 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    The expedition ARKTIS-XXII/2 of the research vessel "Polarstern" in 2007 [Elektronische Ressource] (2008)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-579
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: Online-Ressource (271 S.).
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 579
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.30947.d001
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    The expedition of the research vessel "Maria S. Merian" to the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay in 2008 (MSM09/3) [Elektronische Ressource] (2009)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-587
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 S.).
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 587
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.31926
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    The expedition of the research vessel "Polarstern" to the Arctic in 2008 (ARK-XXIII/1) [Elektronische Ressource] (2009)
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Call number: ZSP-168-589
    In: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung
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    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung 589
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.32428
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    Synthesis and new conception of North Sea Research (SYCON) : Working group 4: atmospheric parameters (2001)
    Hamburg : Institut für Meereskunde
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    Call number: ZSP-180-Z6
    In: Berichte aus dem Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung
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    Pages: V, 159 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 0947-7179
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung : Reihe Z, Interdisziplinäre Zentrumsberichte 6
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    Modelling changes in climate due to enhanced CO2, the role of atmospheric dynamics, cloud and moisture (1991)
    Bracknell : Hadley Centre for climate prediction and research
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    Call number: ZSP-192-13
    In: Climate research technical note
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    Pages: getr. Zählung
    Series Statement: Climate research technical note 13
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  • 86
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 1 (1981)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: V, 104 S. : graph. Darst.
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 23 (1986)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 76 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 26 (1988)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 73 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 22 (1986)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 302 S. : überw. Ill.,graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 24 (1987)
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    In: Middle atmosphere program
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    Pages: 97 S.
    Language: English
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    Middle atmosphere program; Vol. 21 (1986)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-21 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 111 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Extended Abstracts : Fourth Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar Kyoto, November 28 - December 2, 1988; Vol. 28. (1989)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-28 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 675 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Papers presented at the URSI/SCOSTEP Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, October 21 - 25, 1985; Vol. 20. (1986)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-20 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 505 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
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    Part 1: Extended abstracts papers presented at COSPAR symposium 6, The Middle Atmosphere after MAP, Espoo, Finland, July 18-23, 1988 : Part 2: Minutes MAP Steering Committee Meeting, Espoo, Finland, July 18, 1988 ; Part 3: International workshop on Noctilucent Clouds, Tallinn, Estonia, USSR, July 17-31, 1988; Vol. 27. (1989)
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    Call number: ZSP-558-27 ; MOP 46209 / Mitte
    In: Middle atmosphere program
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 562 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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    Botanische Makroreste : ein Atlas zur Bestimmung häufig gefundener und ökologisch wichtiger Pflanzensamen (1988)
    Bern [u.a.] : Haupt
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    Call number: 98.0323 ; AWI Bio-99-0171
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 227 S. , Ill.
    ISBN: 3258039747
    Classification:
    Historical Geology
    Language: German , English , French
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis = Table of contents = Table des matières. - Einleitung = Introduction = Introduction. - Bemerkungen zum Inhalt und zur Gestaltung des Buches = Comments on the Contents and lay-out of the book = Remarques quant au contenue et à la structure du livre. - Methode = Methods = Methode. - Oekogramm = Ecogram = Ecogramme. - Bestimmungsschlüssel = Identification key = Clé d'identification. - Charakterisierung der Makroreste = Description of the macro-remains = Description des macrorestes. - Weitere Makroreste = Further macro-remains = Autres macrorestes. - Literatur = Literature = Litterature. - Index der Arten = Index of species = Index des espèces. , Text dt., engl. u. franz.
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    Measurement methods in atmospheric sciences : in situ and remote ; with 28 tables (2010)
    Stuttgart : Borntraeger
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    Call number: AWI A14-10-0064
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement Methods in Atmospheric Sciences provides a comprehensive overview of in-situ and remote sensing measurement techniques for probing the Earth's atmosphere. The methods presented in this book span the entire range from classical meteorology via atmospheric chemistry and micrometeorological flux determination to Earth observation from space. Standard instruments for meteorological and air quality monitoring methods, as well as specialized instrumentation predominantly used in scientific experiments, are covered. The presented techniques run from simple mechanical sensors to highly sophisticated electronic devices. Special emphasis is placed on the rapidly evolving field of remote sensing techniques. Here, active ground-based remote sending techniques such as SODAR and LIDAR find a detailed coverage. The book conveys the basic principles of the various observational and monitoring methods, enabling the user to identify the most appropriate method. An introductory chapter covers general principles (e.g. inversion of measured data, available platforms, statistical properties of data, data acquisition). Later chapters each treat methods for measuring a specific property (e.g. humidity, wind speed, wind direction). Long chapters provide an introductory tabular list of the methods treated. More than 100 figures and 400 references, mostly to the recent scientific literature, aid the reader in reading up on the details of the various methods at hand. Recommendations at the end of each major chapter provide additional hints on the use of some instruments in order to facilitate the selection of the proper instrument for a successful measurement. A large number of national and international standards, providing precise guidelines for measuring and acquiring reliable, reproducible and comparable data sets are listed in the appendix. A dedicated index allows easy access to this valuable information. The book is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students in meteorology, physical geography, ecology, environmental sciences and related disciplines as well as to scientists in the process of planning atmospheric measurements in field campaigns or working with data already acquired. Practitioners in environmental agencies and similar institutions will benefit from instrument descriptions and the extended lists in the appendix.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 257 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783443010669 , 3-443-01066-0
    Series Statement: Quantifying the environment
    URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/exlibris/aleph/a23_1/apache_media/JP7M35PDA31MI2Y7AEEKKX8U4G1F81.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 The necessity for measurements 1.2 Definition of a measurement 1.3 Historical aspects 2 Measurement basics 2.1 Overview of methods 2.1.1 Direct and indirect methods 2.1.2 In-situ and remote sensing methods 2.1.3 Instantaneous and integrating methods 2.1.4 On-line and off-line methods, post-processing 2.1.5 Flux measurements 2.2 Main measurement principles 2.3 Measurements by inversion 2.3.1 Inversion with one variable 2.3.2 Inversion with more than one variable 2.3.3 Well-posed and ill-posed problems 2.4 Measurement instruments 2.4.1 Active and passive instruments 2.4.2 Analogue and digital instruments 2.5 Measurement platforms 2.6 Measurement variables 2.7 General characteristics of measured data 2.8 Data logging 2.9 Quality assurance/quality control 3 In-situ measurements of state variables 3.1 Thermometers 3.1.1 Liquid-in-glass thermometers 3.1.2 Bimetal thermometers 3.1.3 Resistance thermometers, thermistors 3.1.4 Thermocouples, thermopiles 3.1.5 Sonic thermometry 3.1.6 Measurement of infrared radiation 3.1.7 Soil thermometer 3.1.8 Recommendations for temperature measurements 3.2 Measuring moisture 3.2.1 Hygrometer 3.2.2 Psychrometers 3.2.3 Dewpoint determination 3.2.4 Capacitive methods 3.2.5 Recommendations for humidity measurements 3.3 Pressure sensors 3.3.1 Barometers 3.3.2 Hypsometers 3.3.3 Electronic barometers 3.3.4 Microbarometer 3.3.5 Pressure balance 3.3.6 Recommendations for pressure measurements 3.4 Wind measurements 3.4.1 Estimation from visual observations 3.4.2 Wind direction 3.4.3 Cup anemometer 3.4.4 Pressure tube 3.4.5 Hot wire anemometer 3.4.6 Ultrasonic anemometer 3.4.7 Propeller anemometer 3.4.8 Recommendations for wind measurements 4 In-situ methods for observing liquid water and ice 4.1 Precipitation 4.1.1 Rain sensors (Present Weather Sensors) 4.1.2 Rain gauges (totalisators) 4.1.3 Pluviographs 4.1.4 Disdrometer 4.1.5 Special instruments for snow 4.1.6 Recommendations for precipitation measurements 4.2 Soil moisture 4.2.1 Gravimetric methods 4.2.2 Neutron probes 4.2.3 Time domain reflectrometry (TDR) 4.2.4 Tensiometers 4.2.5 Resistance block tensiometer 4.2.6 Recommendations for soil moisture measurements 5 In-situ measurement of trace substances 5.1 Measurement of trace gases 5.1.1 Physical methods 5.1.2 Chemical methods 5.1.3 Recommendations for the measurement of trace gases 5.2 Particle measurements 5.2.1 Determination of the particle mass 5.2.2 Measuring particle size distributions 5.2.3 Measurement of the chemical composition of particles 5.2.4 Measuring the particle structure 5.2.5 Saltiphon 5.2.6 Recommendations for particle measurements 5.3 Olfactometry 5.4 Radioactivity 5.4.1 Counter tubes 5.4.2 Scintillation counters 5.4.3 Recommendations for radioactivity monitoring 6 In-situ flux measurements 6.1 Measuring radiation 6.1.1 Measuring direct solar radiation 6.1.2 Measuring shortwave irradiance 6.1.3 Measuring longwave irradiance 6.1.4 Measuring the total irradiance 6.1.5 Measuring chill 6.1.6 Sunshine recorder 6.1.7 Recommendations for radiation measurements 6.2 Visual range 6.3 Micrometeorological flux measurements 6.3.1 Cuvettes 6.3.2 Surface chambers 6.3.3 Mass balance method 6.3.4 Inferential method 6.3.5 Gradient method 6.3.6 Bowen-ratio method 6.3.7 Flux variance method 6.3.8 Dissipation method 6.3.9 Eddy covariance method 6.3.10 Eddy accumulation methods 6.3.11 Disjunct eddy covariance method 6.3.12 Recommendations for the measurement of turbulent fluxes 6.4 Evaporation Atmometers 6.4.2 Lysimeters 6.4.3 Evaporation pans and tanks 6.4.4 Recommendations for evaporation measurements 6.5 Soil heat flux 6.6 Inverse emission flux modelling 7 Remote sensing methods 7.1 Basics of remote sensing 7.2 Active sounding methods 7.2.1 RADAR 7.2.2 Windprofilers 7.2.3 SODAR 7.2.4 RASS 7.2.5 LIDAR 7.2.6 Further LIDAR techniques 7.3 Active path-averaging methods 7.3.1 Scintillometers 7.3.2 FTIR 7.3.3 DOAS 7.3.4 Quantum cascade laser 7.4 Passive methods 7.4.1 Radiometers 7.4.2 Photometers 7.4.3 Infrared-Interferometer 7.5 Tomography 7.5.1 Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique 7.5.2 Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) 7.5.3 Smooth Basis Function Minimization (SBFM) 8 Remote sensing of atmospheric state variables 8.1 Temperature 8.1.1 Near-surface temperatures 8.1.2 Temperature profiles 8.2 Gaseous humidity 8.2.1 Integral water vapour content 8.2.2 Vertical profiles 8.2.3 Large-scale humidity distribution 8.3 Wind and turbulence 8.3.1 Small-scale near-surface turbulence 8.3.2 Horizontal wind fields 8.3.3 Vertical wind profiles 8.3.4 Turbulence profiles 8.3.5 Cloud winds 8.3.6 Ionospheric winds 8.4 Mixing-layer heights 8.4.1 LIDAR 8.4.2 SODAR 8.5 Turbulent fluxes 8.6 Ionospheric electron densities 8.7 Recommendations for remote sensing of state variables 9 Remote sensing of water and ice 9.1 Precipitation 9.1.1 RADAR 9.1.2 Precipitation measurements from satellites 9.2 Clouds 9.2.1 Cloud base 9.2.2 Cloud cover 9.2.3 Cloud movement 9.2.4 Water content 9.3 Recommendations for remote sensing of liquid water and ice 10 Remote sensing of trace substances 10.1 Trace gases 10.1.1 Horizontal path-averaging methods 10.1.2 Vertical column densities 10.1.3 Sounding methods 10.2 Aerosols 10.2.1 Aerosol optical depths (AOD) 10.2.2 Sounding methods 10.3 Recommendations for remote sensing of trace substances 11 Remote sensing of surface properties 11.1 Properties of the solid surface 11.1.1 Surface roughness 11.1.2 Land surface temperature 11.1.3 Soil moisture 11.1.4 Vegetation 11.1.5 Snow and ice 11.1.6 Fires 11.2 Properties of the ocean surface 11.2.1 Altitudes of the sea surface 11.2.2 Wave heights 11.2.3 Sea surface temperature 11.2.4 Salinity 11.2.5 Ocean currents 11.2.6 Ice cover, size of ice floes 11.2.7 Algae and suspended sediment concentrations 12 Remote sensing of electrical phenomena 12.1 Spherics 12.1.1 Directional analyses 12.1.2 Distance analyses 12.2 Optical lightning detection 13 Outlook on new developments Literature Subject index Appendix: Technical guidelines and standards Index to the Appendix
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    Antarctic climate change and the environment : [a contribution to the International Polar Year 2007 - 2008] (2009)
    Cambridge : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: AWI P6-10-0062 ; AWI P6-11-0002
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of how the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic continent and Southern Ocean has changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse gas concentrations are much higher than occurred over the last few centuries. The Antarctic is a highly coupled system with non-linear interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ice and biota, along with complex links to the rest of the Earth system. Inpreparing this volume our approach has been highly cross-disciplinary, with the goal of reflecting the importance of the continent in global issues, such as sea level rise, the separation of natural climate variability from anthropogenic influences, food stocks, biodiversity and carbon uptake by the ocean. One hundred experts in Antarctic science have contributed and drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by over 200 scientists. We hope that it will be of value to all scientists with an interest in the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean, policy makers and those concerned with the deployment of observing systems and the development of climate models.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVIII, 526 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9780948277221
    URL: https://www.scar.org/library/science-4/physical-sciences/acce/3411-antarctic-climate-change-and-the-environment/file
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 THE ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE GLOBAL SYSTEM 1.1 THE PHYSICAL SETTING 1.2 THE ANTARCTIC CRYOSPHERE 1.3 THE ROLE OF THE ANTARCTIC IN THE GLOBAL CLIMATE SYSTEM 1.4 OBSERVATIONS FOR STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE ANTARCTIC 1.5 THE CLIMATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND ITS VARIABILITY 1.6 BIOTA OF THE ANTARCTIC 1.6.1 Terrestrial 1.6.2 Marine 2 OBSERVATIONS, DATA ACCURACY AND TOOLS 2.1 OBSERVATIONS, DATA ACCURACY AND TOOLS 2.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Meteorological and ozone observing in the Antarctic 2.1.3 In-situ ocean observations 2.1.4 Sea ice observations 2.1.5 Observations of the ice sheet and permafrost 2.1.6 Sea level 2.1.7 Marine biology 2.1.8 Terrestrial biology 2.1.9 Models 2.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS 3 ANTARCTIC CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT HISTORY IN THE PREINSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 DEEP TIME 3.2.1 The Greenhouse world: from Gondwana breakup to 34 million years 3.2.2 Into the Icehouse world: the last 34 million years 3.3 THE LAST MILLION YEARS 3.3.1 Glacial interglacial cycles: the ice core record 3.3.2 The transition to Holocene interglacial conditions: the ice core record 3.3.3 Deglaciation of the continental shelf, coastal margin and continental interior 3.3.4 Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level 3.3.5 Sea ice and climate 3.4 THE HOLOCENE 3.4.1 Holocene climate change: regional to hemispheric perspectives 3.4.2 Changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene 3.4.3 Regional patterns of Holocene climate change in Antarctica 3.5 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE 3.5.1 The terrestrial environment 3.5.2 The marine environment 3.4.3 Regional patterns of Holocene climate change in Antarctica 3.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 4 THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 CHANGES OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION 4.2.1 Modes of variability ..? 4.2.2 Depression tracks 4.2.3 Teleconnections 4.3 TEMPERATURE 4.3.1 Surface temperature 4.3.2 Upper air temperature changes 4.3.3 Attribution 4.4 CHANGES IN ANTARCTIC SNOWFALL OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS 4.4.1 General spatial and temporal characteristics of Antarctic snowfall 4.4.2 Long-term Antarctic snowfall accumulation estimates 4.4.3 Recent trends in Antarctic snowfall 4.5 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 4.5.1 Antarctic stratospheric ozone in the instrumental period 4.5.2 Antarctic tropospheric chemistry 4.5.3 Aerosol, clouds and radiation 4.6 THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Australian sector 4.6.3 The Amundsen/Bellingshausen Seas 4.6.4 Variability and change in Ross Sea shelf waters 4.6.5 The Weddell Sea sector 4.6.6 Small-scale processes in the Southern Ocean 4.6.7 Dynamics of the circulation and water masses of the ACC and the polar gyres from model results 4.7 . ANTARCTIC SEA ICE COVER DURING THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 4.7.1 Introduction 4.7.2 Sea ice cover in the pre-satellite era 4.7.3 Variability and trends in sea ice using satellite data 4.8 THE ICE SHEET AND PERMAFROST 4.8.1 Introduction 4.8.2 The Antarctic Peninsula 4.8.3 West Antarctica 4.8.4 East Antarctica 4.8.5 Calving 4.8.6 Sub-glacial water movement 4.8.7 Other changes in the ice sheet 4.8.8 Attribution of changes to the ice sheet 4.8.9 Conclusions regarding the ice sheet 4.8.10 Changes in Antarctic permafrost and active layer over the last 50 years 4.9 LONG TERM SEA LEVEL CHANGE 4.10 MARINE BIOLOGY 4.10.1 The open ocean system 4.10.2 Sea ice ecosystems 4.10.3 ENSO links and teleconnections to vertebrate life histories and population 4.10.4 Invertebrate physiology 4.10.5 Seasonality effect on the high Antarctic benthic shelf communities? 4.10.6 Macroalgal physiology and ecology 4.10.7 Marine/terrestrial pollution 4.11 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON CYCLE RESPONSE TO HISTORICAL CLIMATE CHANGE 4.11.1 Introduction 4.11.2 CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean 4.11.3 Historical change - observed response 4.11.4 Historical change - simulated view 4.11.5 Changes in CO2 inventories 4.11.6 Concluding remarks 4.12 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY 5 THE NEXT 100 YEARS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 CLIMATE CHANGE 5.2.1 IPCC scenarios 5.2.2 Climate models 5.2.3 Atmospheric circulation 5.2.4 Temperature change over the Twenty First Century 5.2.5 Precipitation change over the Twenty First Century 5.2.6 Antarctic stratospheric ozone over the next 100 years 5.3 OCEAN CIRCULATION AND WATER MASSES 5.3.1 Simulation of present-day conditions in the Southern Hemisphere 5.3.2 Projections for the Twenty First Century 5.3.3 Long-term evolution of the Southern Ocean 5.3.4 Conclusions 5.4 SEA ICE CHANGE OVER THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY 5.5 THE TERRESTRIAL CRYOSPHERE 5.5.1 Introduction 5.5.2 East Antarctic ice sheet 5.5.3 West Antarctic ice sheet 5.5.4 Antarctic Peninsula 5.5.5 Conclusions 5.5.6 Summary and needs for future research 5.6 EVOLUTION OF ANTARCTIC PERMAFROST 5.7 PROJECTIONS OF SEA LEVEL IN ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN WATERS BY 2100 5.7.1 Regional projections of mean sea-level rise 5.8 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - RESPONSE OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON CYCLE TO FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE 5.8.1 Background 5.8.2 Future Southern Ocean carbon response 5.8.3 Response to increased CO2 uptake 5.8.4 Concluding remarks 5.9 BIOLOGY 5.9.1 Terrestrial Biology 5.9.2 Marine Biology 5.9.3 The Antarctic marine ecosystem in the year 2100 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 7 REFERENCES.
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  • 98
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    Series available for loan
    International project on paleolimnology and late cenozoic climate; No. 6. (1992)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-387-6
    In: International project on paleolimnology and late cenozoic climate
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 171 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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    The Ziegler Polar Expedition 1903 - 1905 : scientific results (1907)
    Washington, DC : Ziegler
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI E2-11-0018 ; AWI PY-1955-13
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VII, 630 S. : Ill., Kt. , 2 Kt.
    URL: Online Edition
    Language: English
    Note: Kt. u.d.T.: Part of Franz Josef Archipelago surveyed by the Ziegler Polar Expedition 1903-4-5 〈1 : 600.000〉 ; Map of Franz Josef Archipelago compiled from surveys of the Ziegler Polar Expeditions 1901--02, 1903-5, and from information published by Payer (1872-74), Leigh Smith (1880-81), Jackson (1894-97), Nansen (1895-96), Wellman (1898-99), the Duke of the Abruzzi (1899-1900) 〈1 : 750.000〉 , Contents: Introduction by Anthony Fiala. - Section A - Magnetic Observations and Reductions. - Section B - Notes and Sketches of the Auroræ Borealis. - Section C - Meteorological Observations and Compilations. - Section D - Tidal Observations and Reductions. - Section E - Astronomic Observations and Reductions. - Section F - Map construction and survey work
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    Canada's vegetation : a world perspective (1995)
    Montreal [u.a.] : McGill-Queen's Univ. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 630-11-0268 ; AWI Bio-17-17112
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 361 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0773512411
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Figures. - Tables. - Preface. - Illustrations. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 Scope of the text. - 1.3 World vegetation types. - 1.3.1 Vegetation formations and zones. - 1.3.2 Zonobiomes. - 1.3.3 Exoclimates. - 1.3.4 The Canadian vegetation classification system. - 1.3.5 Ecozones. - 1.3.6 Floristic realms. - 1.3.7 Plant species nomenclature. - 1.4 Soil classification and soil systems. - 1.5 Climatic parameters. - 1.5.1 The role of climate. - 1.5.2 Moisture indices. - 1.5.3 Climate diagrams. - 1.6 Plant strategies. - 1.6.1 Competition. - 1.6.2 Hydrature and moisture regulation. - 1.6.3 Life forms. - 1.6.4 Leaf morphology and adaptation. - 1.7 Biomass and net primary productivity. - 2. Tundra 2.1 Tundra distribution. - 2.2 Climate. - 2.3 Soils. - 2.4 Tundra in North America. - 2.4.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces and regions. - 2.4.2 High and mid-Arctic. - 2.4.3 Low Arctic. - 2.5 Tundra in other Northern Hemisphere locations. - 2.5.1 Arctic Tundra. - 2.5.2 Typical Tundra. - 2.5.3 Southern Tundra. - 2.5.4 Tundra on Arctic Islands. - 2.6 Tundea in the Southern Hemisphere. - 2.6.1 The Antarctic Subregion. - 2.6.2 The Sub-Antarctic Subregion. - 2.7 Alpine Tundra. - 2.7.1 Temperate-latitude alpine Tundra. - 2.7.2 Low-latitude (equatorial) alpine Tundra. - 2.8 Primary production and phytomass in Tundra. - 3. Forest-Tundra or Boreal-Tundra Ecotone. - 3.1 Definitions. - 3.2 Distribution. - 3.3 Climate. - 3.4 Soils. - 3.5 Forest-Tundra in Canada. - 3.5.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces. - 3.5.2 The shrub subzone (Northern Forest-Tundra). - 3.5.3 The forest subzone (Southern Forest Tundra). - 3.6 Eurasian Forest-Tundra. - 3.7 Primary production and phytomass in forest-Tundra. - 4. Boreal Forest (Taiga) and Mixed Forest Transition. - 4.1 Distribution. - 4.2 Climate. - 4.3 Soils. - 4.4 Boreal forest in North America. - 4.4.1 Open Lichen Woodland. - 4.4.2 Northern Coniferous Forest. - 4.4.3 Mixed-Forest (Boreal-Broadleaf ecotone). - 4.4.4 Mixed-Forest transition to grassland (Northern Mixedwoods). - 4.5 Eurasian Boreal. - 4.5.1 The European Boreal. - 4.5.2 The Siberian Boreal. - 4.5.3 Northwest Pacific Fringe Boreal. - 4.6 Primary production and phytomass in boreal forest. - 5. Prairie (Steppe). - 5.1 Distribution. - 5.2 Climate. - 5.2.1 North America. - 5.2.2 Climate in Eurasia and elsewhere. - 5.3 Soils. - 5.4 Prairie in North America. - 5.4.1 The Canadian Prairie. - 5.4.2 Prairie in the USA. - 5.5. Eurasian Steppe. - 5.6 Southern Hemisphere Grasslands. - 5.6.1 The High Veldt. - 5.6.2 The Pampas/Campos Grasslands. - 5.7 Primary production and biomass. - 6. Cordilleran Environments in Western North America. - 6.1 Canada's Cordilleran ecoclimatic provinces. - 6.1.1 Distribution. - 6.1.2 Climate. - 6.1.3 Soils. - 6.1.4 Pacific Coastal Mesothermal Forest. - 6.1.5 Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.6 Cordilleran Forest Region. - 6.1.7 Cordilleran Cold Steppe and Savanna Forst. - 6.1.8 Canadian Cordilleran Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.9 Alpine Tundra and Boreal Forest. - 6.2 The Cordilleran Region in the USA. - 6.2.1 Distribution. - 6.2.2 Northwest Coast Conifer-Hardwood Forests. - 6.2.3 Montane Pine Forests. - 6.2.4 Sagebrush and Grasslands. - 6.2.5 Interior Hemlock-Douglas-Fir-Larch. - 6.2.6 Subalpine Forest. - 6.3 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 7. Temperate Deciduous Forests. - 7.1 Distribution. - 7.2 Climate. - 7.3 Soils. - 7.4 Temperate Deciduous Forest in North America. - 7.4.1 Canada. - 7.4.2 United States of America. - 7.4.3 Southern Mexico and South America. - 7.5 Europe. - 7.5.1 Atlantic Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.2 Central European Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.3 East European Deciduous Forest. - 7.6 Asia. - 7.7 Southern Hemisphere. - 7.8 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 8. Wetlands. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Climate. - 8.3 Soils. - 8.4 Canadian Wetland Classification. - 8.4.1 Canadian Wetland Classification System. - 8.4.2 Wetland classes. - 8.4.3 Wetland forms and types. - 8.5 Canadian Wetlands. - 8.5.1 Arctic Wetlands. - 8.5.2 Subarctic Wetlands. - 8.5.3 Boreal Wetlands. - 8.5.4 Prairie Wetlands. - 8.5.5 Temperate Wetlands. - 8.5.6 Oceanic Wetlands. - 8.5.7 Mountain Wetlands. - 8.6 Wetlands in the USA. - 8.7 Eurasian Wetlands. - 8.7.1 European Wetlands. - 8.7.2 Asian Wetlands. - 8.8 Central and South American Wetlands. - 8.9 African Wetlands. - 8.10 Austromalesian and Pacific Wetlands. - 8.11 Phytomass and Primary Production. - 9. Conclusion. - Appendix: Biomials and their local names as used in the text. - Bibliography. - Index.
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