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Antarctic climate change and the environment : [a contribution to the International Polar Year 2007 - 2008] (2009)

Turner, John [Hrsg.] ; Bindschadler, Robert A. [Hrsg.] ; Convey, Pete [Hrsg.] ; [et al.]

Cambridge : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

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Call number: AWI P6-10-0062 ; AWI P6-11-0002

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of how the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic continent and Southern Ocean has changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse gas concentrations are much higher than occurred over the last few centuries. The Antarctic is a highly coupled system with non-linear interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ice and biota, along with complex links to the rest of the Earth system. Inpreparing this volume our approach has been highly cross-disciplinary, with the goal of reflecting the importance of the continent in global issues, such as sea level rise, the separation of natural climate variability from anthropogenic influences, food stocks, biodiversity and carbon uptake by the ocean. One hundred experts in Antarctic science have contributed and drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by over 200 scientists. We hope that it will be of value to all scientists with an interest in the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean, policy makers and those concerned with the deployment of observing systems and the development of climate models.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XXVIII, 526 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 9780948277221

URL: https://www.scar.org/library/science-4/physical-sciences/acce/3411-antarctic-climate-change-and-the-environment/file

Language: English

Note: CONTENTS: PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 THE ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE GLOBAL SYSTEM 1.1 THE PHYSICAL SETTING 1.2 THE ANTARCTIC CRYOSPHERE 1.3 THE ROLE OF THE ANTARCTIC IN THE GLOBAL CLIMATE SYSTEM 1.4 OBSERVATIONS FOR STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE ANTARCTIC 1.5 THE CLIMATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND ITS VARIABILITY 1.6 BIOTA OF THE ANTARCTIC 1.6.1 Terrestrial 1.6.2 Marine 2 OBSERVATIONS, DATA ACCURACY AND TOOLS 2.1 OBSERVATIONS, DATA ACCURACY AND TOOLS 2.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Meteorological and ozone observing in the Antarctic 2.1.3 In-situ ocean observations 2.1.4 Sea ice observations 2.1.5 Observations of the ice sheet and permafrost 2.1.6 Sea level 2.1.7 Marine biology 2.1.8 Terrestrial biology 2.1.9 Models 2.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS 3 ANTARCTIC CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT HISTORY IN THE PREINSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 DEEP TIME 3.2.1 The Greenhouse world: from Gondwana breakup to 34 million years 3.2.2 Into the Icehouse world: the last 34 million years 3.3 THE LAST MILLION YEARS 3.3.1 Glacial interglacial cycles: the ice core record 3.3.2 The transition to Holocene interglacial conditions: the ice core record 3.3.3 Deglaciation of the continental shelf, coastal margin and continental interior 3.3.4 Antarctic deglaciation and its impact on global sea level 3.3.5 Sea ice and climate 3.4 THE HOLOCENE 3.4.1 Holocene climate change: regional to hemispheric perspectives 3.4.2 Changes in sea ice extent through the Holocene 3.4.3 Regional patterns of Holocene climate change in Antarctica 3.5 BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE 3.5.1 The terrestrial environment 3.5.2 The marine environment 3.4.3 Regional patterns of Holocene climate change in Antarctica 3.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 4 THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 CHANGES OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION 4.2.1 Modes of variability ..? 4.2.2 Depression tracks 4.2.3 Teleconnections 4.3 TEMPERATURE 4.3.1 Surface temperature 4.3.2 Upper air temperature changes 4.3.3 Attribution 4.4 CHANGES IN ANTARCTIC SNOWFALL OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS 4.4.1 General spatial and temporal characteristics of Antarctic snowfall 4.4.2 Long-term Antarctic snowfall accumulation estimates 4.4.3 Recent trends in Antarctic snowfall 4.5 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 4.5.1 Antarctic stratospheric ozone in the instrumental period 4.5.2 Antarctic tropospheric chemistry 4.5.3 Aerosol, clouds and radiation 4.6 THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Australian sector 4.6.3 The Amundsen/Bellingshausen Seas 4.6.4 Variability and change in Ross Sea shelf waters 4.6.5 The Weddell Sea sector 4.6.6 Small-scale processes in the Southern Ocean 4.6.7 Dynamics of the circulation and water masses of the ACC and the polar gyres from model results 4.7 . ANTARCTIC SEA ICE COVER DURING THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD 4.7.1 Introduction 4.7.2 Sea ice cover in the pre-satellite era 4.7.3 Variability and trends in sea ice using satellite data 4.8 THE ICE SHEET AND PERMAFROST 4.8.1 Introduction 4.8.2 The Antarctic Peninsula 4.8.3 West Antarctica 4.8.4 East Antarctica 4.8.5 Calving 4.8.6 Sub-glacial water movement 4.8.7 Other changes in the ice sheet 4.8.8 Attribution of changes to the ice sheet 4.8.9 Conclusions regarding the ice sheet 4.8.10 Changes in Antarctic permafrost and active layer over the last 50 years 4.9 LONG TERM SEA LEVEL CHANGE 4.10 MARINE BIOLOGY 4.10.1 The open ocean system 4.10.2 Sea ice ecosystems 4.10.3 ENSO links and teleconnections to vertebrate life histories and population 4.10.4 Invertebrate physiology 4.10.5 Seasonality effect on the high Antarctic benthic shelf communities? 4.10.6 Macroalgal physiology and ecology 4.10.7 Marine/terrestrial pollution 4.11 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON CYCLE RESPONSE TO HISTORICAL CLIMATE CHANGE 4.11.1 Introduction 4.11.2 CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean 4.11.3 Historical change - observed response 4.11.4 Historical change - simulated view 4.11.5 Changes in CO2 inventories 4.11.6 Concluding remarks 4.12 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY 5 THE NEXT 100 YEARS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 CLIMATE CHANGE 5.2.1 IPCC scenarios 5.2.2 Climate models 5.2.3 Atmospheric circulation 5.2.4 Temperature change over the Twenty First Century 5.2.5 Precipitation change over the Twenty First Century 5.2.6 Antarctic stratospheric ozone over the next 100 years 5.3 OCEAN CIRCULATION AND WATER MASSES 5.3.1 Simulation of present-day conditions in the Southern Hemisphere 5.3.2 Projections for the Twenty First Century 5.3.3 Long-term evolution of the Southern Ocean 5.3.4 Conclusions 5.4 SEA ICE CHANGE OVER THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY 5.5 THE TERRESTRIAL CRYOSPHERE 5.5.1 Introduction 5.5.2 East Antarctic ice sheet 5.5.3 West Antarctic ice sheet 5.5.4 Antarctic Peninsula 5.5.5 Conclusions 5.5.6 Summary and needs for future research 5.6 EVOLUTION OF ANTARCTIC PERMAFROST 5.7 PROJECTIONS OF SEA LEVEL IN ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN WATERS BY 2100 5.7.1 Regional projections of mean sea-level rise 5.8 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - RESPONSE OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CARBON CYCLE TO FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE 5.8.1 Background 5.8.2 Future Southern Ocean carbon response 5.8.3 Response to increased CO2 uptake 5.8.4 Concluding remarks 5.9 BIOLOGY 5.9.1 Terrestrial Biology 5.9.2 Marine Biology 5.9.3 The Antarctic marine ecosystem in the year 2100 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 7 REFERENCES.

Location: AWI Reading room

Branch Library: AWI Library

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Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment : A contribution to the International Polar Year 2007-2008 (2009)

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, SCAR ; Turner, John ; Bindschadler, Robert A. ; [et al.]

Cambridge, UK : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)

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Keywords: climate change ; Antarctic ; Southern Ocean ; greenhouse gas ; carbon uptake ; climate models

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of how the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic continent and Southern Ocean has changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse gas concentrations are much higher than occurred over the last few centuries. The Antarctic is a highly coupled system with non-linear interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ice and biota, along with complex links to the rest of the Earth system. In preparing this volume our approach has been highly cross-disciplinary, with the goal of reflecting the importance of the continent in global issues, such as sea level rise, the separation of natural climate variability from anthropogenic influences, food stocks, biodiversity and carbon uptake by the ocean. One hundred experts in Antarctic science have contributed and drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by over 200 scientists. We hope that it will be of value to all scientists with an interest in the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean, policy makers and those concerned with the deployment of observing systems and the development of climate models.

Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 526 Seiten)

ISBN: 9780948277221

URL: http://www.scar.org/publications/occasionals/acce.html

Language: English

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Upwelling Systems : Evolution Since the Early Miocene (1992)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Summerhayes, Colin P. ; Prell, Warren L. ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Auftriebwasser ; Auftriebsgebiet ; Entwicklung ; Neogen ; Quartär ; Sedimentologie ; Marine ecology ; Marine sediments ; Upwelling (Oceanography)

Description / Table of Contents: C. P. Summerhayes, W. L. Prell, and K-C. Emeis: Evolution of upwelling systems since the Early Miocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.01 --- Modern Upwelling Systems and Palaeo-Upwelling Criteria --- Robert L. Smith: Coastal upwelling in the modern ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:9-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.02 --- Graham B. Shimmield: Can sediment geochemistry record changes in coastal upwelling palaeoproductivity? Evidence from northwest Africa and the Arabian Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:29-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.03 --- J. Thiede and B. Jünger: Faunal and floral indicators of ocean coastal upwelling (NW African and Peruvian Continental Margins) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:47-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.04 --- Robert Thunell and Leslie Reynolds Sautter: Planktonic foraminiferal faunal and stable isotopic indices of upwelling: a sediment trap study in the San Pedro Basin, Southern California Bight / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:77-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.05 --- W. B. Curry, D. R. Ostermann, M. V. S. Guptha, and V. Ittekkot: Foraminiferal production and monsoonal upwelling in the Arabian Sea: evidence from sediment traps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:93-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.06 --- Tineke N. F. Steens, Gerald Ganssen, and Dick Kroon: Oxygen and carbon isotopes in planktonic foraminifera as indicators of upwelling intensity and upwelling-induced high productivity in sediments from the northwestern Arabian Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:107-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.07 --- David M. Anderson, John C. Brock, and Warren L. Prell: Physical upwelling processes, upper ocean environment and the sediment record of the southwest monsoon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:121-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.08 --- A. C. Aplin, A. N. Bishop, C. J. Clayton, A. T. Kearsley, J.-R. Mossmann, R. L. Patience, A. W. G. Rees, and S. J. Rowland: A lamina-scale geochemical and sedimentological study of sediments from the Peru Margin (Site 680, ODP Leg 112) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:131-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.09 --- J. O. R. Hermelin: Variations in the benthic foraminiferal fauna of the Arabian Sea: a response to changes in upwelling intensity? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:151-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.10 --- V. Ittekkot, B. Haake, M. Bartsch, R. R. Nair, and V. Ramaswamy: Organic carbon removal in the sea: the continental connection / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:167-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.11 --- Leigh A. Welling, Nicklas G. Pisias, and Adrienne K. Roelofs: Radiolarian microfauna in the northern California Current System: indicators of multiple processes controlling productivity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:177-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.12 --- Joseph D. Ortiz and Alan C. Mix: The spatial distribution and seasonal succession of planktonic foraminifera in the California Current off Oregon, September 1987 – September 1988 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:197-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.13 --- A. James Powell, Jane Lewis, and John D. Dodge: The palynological expressions of post-Palaeogene upwelling: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:215-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.14 --- Diagenetic Conditions --- H. L. Ten Haven, G. Eglinton, P. Farrimond, M. E. L. Kohnen, J. G. Poynter, J. Rullkötter, and D. H. Welte: Variations in the content and composition of organic matter in sediments underlying active upwelling regimes: a study from ODP Legs 108, 112, and 117 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:229-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.15 --- John W. Morse and Kay C. Emeis: Carbon/sulphur/iron relationships in upwelling sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:247-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.16 --- Daniel J. Repeta, Mark A. McCaffrey, John W. Farrington, and Mark A. McCaffrey: Organic geochemistry as a tool to study upwelling systems: recent results from the Peru and Namibian shelves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:257-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.17 --- Marta T. Von Breymann, Kay-Christian Emeis, and Erwin Suess: Water depth and diagenetic constraints on the use of barium as a palaeoproductivity indicator / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:273-284, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.18 --- R. Schneider, A. Dahmke, A. Kölling, P. J. Müller, H. D. Schulz, and G. Wefer: Strong deglacial minimum in the δ13C record from planktonic foraminifera in the Benguela upwelling region: palaeoceanographic signal or early diagenetic imprint? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:285-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.19 --- The Geological Record of Upwelling Evolution --- David W. Murray and Warren L. Prell: Late Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic oscillations and monsoon upwelling recorded in sediments from the Owen Ridge, northwestern Arabian Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:301-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.20 --- Philip A. Meyers: Organic matter variations in sediments from DSDP sites 362 and 532: evidence of changes in the Benguela Current upwelling system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:323-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.21 --- Liselotte Diester-Haass, Philip A. Meyers, and Peter Rothe: The Benguela Current and associated upwelling on the southwest African Margin: a synthesis of the Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary record at DSDP sites 362 and 532 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:331-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.22 --- Annick Pujos: Calcareous nannofossils of Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the northwestern margin of tropical Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:343-358, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.23 --- L. A. Krissek and S. C. Clemens: Evidence for aridity-driven dust flux to the northwest Arabian Sea and for decoupling of the dust and upwelling systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:359-378, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.24 --- Jean Pierre Caulet, Marie-Thérèse Vénec-Peyré, Colette Vergnaud-Grazzini, and Catherine Nigrini: Variation of South Somalian upwelling during the last 160 ka: radiolarian and foraminifera records in core MD 85674 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:379-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.25 --- Hans Schrader: Peruvian coastal primary palaeo-productivity during the last 200 000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:391-410, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.26 --- M. Sarnthein, U. Pflaumann, R. Ross, R. Tiedemann, and K. Winn: Transfer functions to reconstruct ocean palaeoproductivity: a comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:411-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.27 --- Lisa D. White, Robert E. Garrison, and John A. Barron: Miocene intensification of upwelling along the California margin as recorded in siliceous facies of the Monterey Formation and offshore DSDP sites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:429-442, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.28 --- Masako Ibaraki: Planktonic foraminifera of the coastal upwelling area off Peru during the Pleistocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:443-449, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.29 --- Peter-Matthias Heinze and Gerold Wefer: The history of coastal upwelling off Peru (11°S, ODP Leg 112, Site 680B) over the past 650 000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:451-462, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.30 --- William W. Hay and John C. Brock: Temporal variation in intensity of upwelling off southwest Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:463-497, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.31 --- Fatima Abrantes: Palaeoproductivity oscillations during the last 130 ka along the Portuguese and NW African margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 64:499-510, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.32

Pages: Online-Ressource (519 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 0903317788

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/64/1

Language: English

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North Atlantic Palaeoceanography (1986)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Summerhayes, Colin P. ; Shackleton, Nicholas J.

Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Palo Alto, Melbourne : Blackwell Scientific Publications

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Keywords: Atlantischer Ozean ; Paläoozeanographie

Description / Table of Contents: Circulation, Unconformities and Sedimentation --- Jörn Thiede and Werner U. Ehrmann: Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediment flux to the central North Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.01 --- P. C. de Graciansky, C. Wylie Poag, E. A. Hailwood, R. W. O’B. Knox, D. G. Masson, L. Montadert, C. Ravenne, C. Müller, J. C. Sibuet, J. Sigal, S. W. Snyder, D. W. Waples, and R. Cunningham: Evidence for changes in Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanic circulation on the south-western continental margin of Ireland: DSDP/IPOD Leg 80 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.02 --- Sherwood W. Wise, Jr., Jan E. Van Hinte, Gregory S. Mountain, Brian N. M. Biart, J. Mitchener Covington, Warren S. Drugg, Dean A. Dunn, John Farre, Daniel Habib, Janet A. Haggerty, Mark W. Johns, Thomas H. Lang, Philip A. Meyers, Kenneth G. Miller, Michel R. Moullade, Jay P. Muza, James G. Ogg, Makoto Okamura, Massimo Sarti, and Ulrich Von Rad: Mesozoic-Cenozoic clastic depositional environments revealed by DSDP Leg 93 drilling on the continental rise off the eastern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:35-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.03 --- Malcolm B. Hart and Kim C. Ball: Late Cretaceous anoxic events, sea-level changes and the evolution of the planktonic foraminifera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:67-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.04 --- I. Pearson and D. Graham Jenkins: Unconformities in the Cenozoic of the North-East Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:79-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.05 --- Robert B. Kidd and Philip R. Hill: Sedimentation on mid-ocean sediment drifts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.06 --- R. Stein, M. Sarnthein, and J. Suendermann: Late Neogene submarine erosion events along the north-east Atlantic continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:103-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.07 --- M. Sarnthein and J. Mienert: Sediment waves in the eastern equatorial Atlantic: sediment record during Late Glacial and Interglacial times / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:119-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.08 --- P. P. E. Weaver, R. C. Searle, and A. Kuijpers: Turbidite deposition and the origin of the Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:131-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.09 --- Randi Carlsen, Tor Løken, and Elen Roaldset: Late Weichselian transgression, erosion and sedimentation at Gullfaks, northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:145-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.10

Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 473 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 0632015160

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/21/1

Language: English

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Copper and other heavy metal contamination in sediments from New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts: a preliminary note (1977)

Stoffers, Peter ; Summerhayes, Colin ; Forstner, Ulrich ; [et al.]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 11 (1977), S. 819-821

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Source: ACS Legacy Archives

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60131a001

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Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene (2018)

Steffen, Will ; Rockström, Johan ; Richardson, Katherine ; [et al.]

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2018; 115(33): 8252-8259. Published 2018 Aug 06. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1810141115.

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Publication Date: 2018-08-06

Description: We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a “Hothouse Earth” pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing the threshold would lead to a much higher global average temperature than any interglacial in the past 1.2 million years and to sea levels significantly higher than at any time in the Holocene. We examine the evidence that such a threshold might exist and where it might be. If the threshold is crossed, the resulting trajectory would likely cause serious disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies. Collective human action is required to steer the Earth System away from a potential threshold and stabilize it in a habitable interglacial-like state. Such action entails stewardship of the entire Earth System—biosphere, climate, and societies—and could include decarbonization of the global economy, enhancement of biosphere carbon sinks, behavioral changes, technological innovations, new governance arrangements, and transformed social values.

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General