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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio studies on the electronic structures of strained-layer superlattices (InAs)n(InP)n(001), (n=1–5) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2556-2563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report ab initio studies on the electronic structures of strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) (InAs)n(InP)n(001), (n=1–5) under three different strain conditions via a linearized muffin-tin-orbital method with two treatments for d states. The effects of In 4d orbitals on the band structure and the valence band offset (VBO) are investigated. The hydrostatic pressure behavior and the Γ–X mixture in these SLS systems are also discussed. It is found that the band gap of the InP/InAs system is insensitive to its layer thickness. The VBO values at the SLS's under the three strain conditions are determined by a frozen potential approach. Our results demonstrate that for the InP/InAs system the bulklike property is almost recovered in the molecular layer next to the interface. This behavior may be due to the common cation on both sides of the interface. This makes the frozen-potential approach converge very fast with the layer thickness. Our results of band structure for the (1+1) SLS under a free-standing mode are consistent with those given by a more elaborate full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) calculation. The present results of VBO are about 0.07–0.09 eV larger than the data from an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement and the FLAPW method, while in good agreement with the results given by the model solid theory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358717
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power-law decay of homogeneous turbulence at low Reynolds numbers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 3765-3775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The decay of nominally isotropic, homogeneous incompressible turbulence is studied by direct numerical simulations for Reλ in the range (5–50) with 2563 spectral coefficients. A power-law decay of the turbulent energy is observed with exponents approximately equal to 1.5 and 1.25, apparently dependent on Reλ. A new complete similarity form for the double and triple velocity correlation functions, f(r,t) and k(r,t), is proposed for low to intermediate Reλ that is consistent with the Kármán–Howarth equation and the results of the numerical experiments. The results are also consistent with Saffman's proposed asymptotic behavior of f(r,t) for large separation r for runs with a decay exponent of 1.5. The so-called final period of decay is not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity autocorrelations of decaying isotropic homogeneous turbulence (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2455-2464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Velocity autocorrelations and the mean-square displacements of fluid particles are obtained for decaying, isotropic homogeneous turbulence by numerical simulation of the flow field, using 1283 and 2563 grids, and tracking several tens of thousands of fluid particles, using a third-order interpolation scheme. A self-preserving Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation coefficient is found in terms of a dimensionless time variable s, defined by ds=dt/Ts(t), under the observation of a power-law energy decay and the assumption that Ts(t) is proportional to the Lagrangian integral timescale TL. This timescale is in turn assumed to be proportional to the length scale of the energy-containing eddies Le∼K3/2/ε divided by the turbulent velocity u′, where K=3/2u′2 is turbulent energy and ε is the energy dissipation rate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868780
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations of vorticity and material line elements with strain in decaying turbulence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2203-2214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Correlations of the vorticity and the passive material line element with strains in decaying turbulence are investigated. The mean principal rates of the strain and the growth rates of the vorticity and the material line element due to the nonlinear stretching are all found to be proportional to the square-root-mean enstrophy. The ratios of the principal rates are 4:1:−5. It is shown how these ratios help determining the values of free parameters in the phenomenological models of turbulence such as the Burgers vortex model proposed by Ashurst (private communication) and the Lundgren–Townsend vortex model by Pullin and Saffman [Phys. Fluids A 5, 126 (1993); 6, 3010 (1994)]. The mean growth rate of material line elements is slightly larger than the intermediate principal rate, but much less than the most positive one. Numerical results show that the material line element has nearly the same preferences in aligning with the principal directions of the strain corresponding to the mostly positive and the intermediate principal rates. The growth rate is approximately linearly correlated with the strain magnitude but almost uncorrelated with the vorticity magnitude. Conditional statistics and a simple model flow have been used to explain the above observations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868993
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Average bond energy model for determining valence-band offsets at strained heterointerfaces Si,Ge,InP,GaAs/GexSi1−x (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 872-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A full description is presented of the "average bond energy model,'' which was developed for the determination of valence-band offset at heterojunctions. It is shown that this model is related conceptually to Harrison's tight binding "pinned'' model, while it overcomes all of the shortcomings of the latter. Its final form turns out to be a generalization of Cardona's dielectric-midgap-energy model. The average bond energy model is also shown related to Tersoff's charge-neutrality-point model. In this article, this model is used in conjunction with a cluster expansion method to determine systematically the valence-band offsets at four strained alloy type heterointerfaces, Si,Ge,InP,GaAs/GexSi1−x as functions of the alloy composition x. Good agreement is found between our results and available experimental data. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362896
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Price correlation and granger causality tests for market definition (1989)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 4 (1989), S. 79-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The static price correlation test for determining the relevant product and geographic market is critically examined and then extended to (arguably) localized markets for products such as cement, gravel, sand, crushed stone, concrete, and asphalt products. The empirical results lead to the conclusion that the price correlation test is as generally applicable for testing for local markets as it is for testing for citywide or larger markets. The Granger causality model is used alternatively to test market definition empirically. The results suggest that the Granger causality test may be a useful supplement to the price correlation test in delineating markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284670
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and in Vitro-in Vivo Evaluation of a Multiparticulate Sustained Release Formulation of Diltiazem (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1338-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: Sustained release ; diltiazem ; in vitro ; in vivo ; ethyl-cellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To develop and evaluate the in vitro/in vivo performance of diltiazem sustained release pellets that were prepared by the Wurster column process. Methods. Pellets containing diltiazem were prepared by spraying a slurry of micronized diltiazem hydrochloride, pharmaceutical glaze and alcohol onto an appropriate mesh fraction of nonpareil seeds using the Wurster column. A two-step drug layering process was used to increase drug loading from 60% to 75%. The oven-dried diltiazem basic pellets were coated with eth-ylcellulose/dibutyl sebacate coating solution to yield diltiazem sustained release pellets. An open, randomized Latin square, three-way crossover clinical study was used to evaluate the in vivo performance of the coated product. Results. Altering the mesh fraction of the starting nonpareil seeds for this layering process was found to affect the release characteristics of drug from the pellets. An oven-drying step was required to stabilize the diltiazem basic pellets. The thicker the drug loading layer the longer the oven drying is needed to stabilize the pellets. The diltiazem sustained release pellets produced by these methods displayed sustained release dissolution profiles both in vitro and in vivo. Diltiazem basic pellets coated with a 0.6% ethylcellulose/dibutyl sebacate coating showed a different rate of absorption (lower C max and higherT max) and the same extent of absorption as compared to Cardizem® tablets. Conclusions. Clinical data confirmed that this formulation approach is an effective means to produce a diltiazem sustained release product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016229808716
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Structural Disordering on the Magnetic, Magneto-Optical and Optical Properties of the Ni〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MnIn Heusler Alloy Films (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 480-481 (Mar. 2005), p. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The magnetic, the magneto-optical and the optical properties of Ni2MnIn alloy filmswith significantly different atomic orders (from nearly single-crystalline to amorphous) were investigated. The crystalline Ni2MnIn alloy films are a ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of 325 - 330 K, while the amorphous phase is not ferromagnetically-ordered (at least, above 293 K). The diagonal and the off-diagonal components of the dielectric function for the crystalline alloy were experimentally determined for the first time. The nature of interband excitations in the optical spectra of the ordered phase is discussed in terms of the band structures of Ni2MnSn. The analyses of changes in the electron energy structure of Ni2MnIn alloy, caused by the structural disordering, are performed using the results of optical study. An annealing at 750 K for 2 hrs of the amorphous film restores its crystallinity (B2 phase) and also the ferromagnetic order
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.480-481.623.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunotherapy of tumors with xenogeneic endothelial cells as a vaccine (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 6 (2000), S. 1160-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The breaking of immune tolerance against autologous angiogenic endothelial cells should be a useful approach for cancer therapy. Here we show that immunotherapy of tumors using fixed xenogeneic whole endothelial cells as a vaccine was effective in affording protection from tumor growth, inducing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/80506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New HLA–DPB1 alleles generated by interallelic gene conversion detected by analysis of sperm (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 10 (1995), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The rate at which allelic diversity at the HLA loci evolves has been the subject of considerable controversy. The patchwork pattern of sequence polymorphism within the second exon of the HLA class II loci, particularly in the DPB1 locus, may have been generated by segmental exchange (gene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0895-407
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