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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sixteen sweet potato varieties were evaluated for fresh storage root yield in 20 trials during 2000–2001 for three seasons in four locations in Uganda. Of the 16 varieties, 11 were developed by farmers and five by a central breeding programme. The behaviour of the varieties was quantified in terms of wide adaptation (genotypic mean across trials), specific adaptation (genotypic predictions for specific locations) and stability (Shukla stability variance). With respect to all three aspects of yield behaviour, farmer varieties performed on average better than the official varieties. The results illustrate the potential that farmer varieties can have in the improvement of sweet potato in Uganda and other regions where high diversity of sweet potato landraces exists.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Fusarium ; head blight resistance ; Plant breeding ; Fusarium culmorum ; Genotype x environment interaction ; Wheat ; AMMI model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In 3 consecutive years, a set of 17 winter wheat genotypes, representing a wide range of Fusarium head blight resistance, was inoculated with four strains of Fusarium culmorum. Fusarium head blight ratings were analyzed. The interaction between genotypes, strains, and years was described using a Finlay-Wilkinson model and an Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction effects (AMMI) model. The interaction consisted primarily of a divergence of genotypical responses with increasing disease pressure, modified by genotype specific reactions in certain years. The divergence was mainly caused by one very pathogenic strain. The Fusarium head blight resistance in this study can be described as horizontal resistance in terms of Vanderplank, with the exception of three genotypes selected from one particular cross that showed a ‘strain-year combination’ dependent resistance which was ineffective in 1 year.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 89-100 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genotype-by-environment interaction ; Factorial regression ; AMMI analysis ; Multiple regression ; Redundancy analysis ; Lettuce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Methods for the interpretation of genotype-by-environment interaction in the presense of explicitly measured environmental variables can be divided into two groups. Firstly, methods that extract environmental characterizations from the data itself, which are subsequently related to measured environmental variables, e.g., regression on the mean or singular value decomposition of the matrix of residuals from additivity, followed by correlation, or regression, methods. Secondly, methods that incorporate measured environmental variables directly into the model, e.g., multiple regression of individual genotypical responses on environmental variables, or factorial regression in which a genotype-by-environment matrix is modelled in terms of concomitant variables for the environmental factor. In this paper a redundancy analysis is presented, which can be derived from the singular-value decomposition of the residuals from additivity by imposing the restriction on the environmental scores of having to be linear combinations of environmental variables. At the same time, redundancy analysis is derivable from factorial regression by rotation of the axes in the space spanned by the fitted values of the factorial regression, followed by a reduction of dimensionality through discarding the least explanatory axes. Redundancy analysis is a member of the second group of methods, and can be an important tool in the interpretation of genotype-by-environment interaction, especially with reference to concomitant environmental information. A theoretical treatise of the method is given, followed by a practical example in which the results of the method are compared to the results of the other methods mentioned.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Head blight ; Resistance breeding ; Genotype-by-environment interaction ; Multiplicative interaction ; Host-specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether resistance to Fusarium head blight in winter wheat is horizontal and non-species specific, 25 genotypes from five European countries were tested at six locations across Europe in the years 1990, 1991, and 1992. The five genotypes from each country had to cover the range from resistant to susceptible. The locations involved were Wageningen, Vienna, Rennes, Hohenheim, Oberer Lindenhof, and Szeged. In total, 17 local strains of Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. nivale were used for experimental inoculation. One strain, F. culmorum IPO 39-01, was used at all locations. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) for the head blight ratings of the genotypes were formed within each particular location for each combination of year and strain. The BLUPs over all locations were collected in a genotype-by environment table in which the genotypic dimension consisted of the 25 genotypes, while the environmental dimension was made up of 59 year-by-strain-by-location combinations. A multiplicative model was fitted to the genotype by-environment interaction in this table. The inverses of the variances of the genotype-by-environment BLUPs were used as weights. Interactions between genotypes and environments were written as sums of products between genotypic scores and environmental scores. After correction for year-by-location influence very little variation in environmental scores could be ascribed to differences between strains. This provided the basis for the conclusion that the resistance to Fusarium head blight in winter wheat was of the horizontal and non-species specific type. There was no indication for any geographical pattern in virulence genes. Any reasonable aggressive strain, a F. culmorum strain for the cool climates and a F. graminearum strain for the warmer humid areas, should be satisfactory for screening purposes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cabbage white butterflies ; green leaf volatiles ; mustard oils ; olfaction ; electroantennogram ; host plant selection ; Pieris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) responses were recorded from females of two related butterfly species, Pieris brassicae L. and P. rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) to 23 volatiles of plant origin, 19 of which have been reported to occur in the headspace of their preferred host plants, Brassica and Sinapis species (Cruciferae). In both species, selective responses were observed and the most effective compounds were the 6-carbon fatty acid derivatives trans-hex-2-enal, hexan-1-ol and hexanal, which are common green leaf volatiles. Of the 6 isoprenoids tested, myrcene and geraniol were most effective. Of the 4 crucifer-specific compounds tested, phenylacetonitrile was a distinctly stronger stimulant than the three isothiocyanates in both species. The rank order of mean stimulating effectiveness of all compounds tested was strongly correlated between the two species. Statistical analysis of dose-response relationships for 6 compounds revealed significant differences between compounds. The rank order of effectiveness changed with dose. Exclusive exposure to Sinapis arvensis during larval life and young adulthood resulted in quantitative changes in EAG responses to several compounds in both species, although the overall rank order of effectiveness was strongly correlated between the groups reared on the two host plants.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: prey traces ; predator hunger ; search activity ; predation ; Carabidae ; Collembola
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article décrit l'influence de trois paramètres liés à la densité des proies sur le comportement locomoteur de N. biguttatus. Les trois paramètres testés expérimentalement ont été: les traces laissées dans l'habitat par une proie invisible, le contenu de l'estomac, et la ration alimentaire quotidienne du carabe. Les résultats indiquent que le conditionnement de l'habitat par les traces augmente le nombre de périodes d'activité, mais diminue en même temps leur durée, si bien que la durée totale reste constante. La réplétion de l'estomac réduit l'effet des traces (ou conditionnement) de l'habitat. L'analyse de la probabilité maximale a montré que le modèle éthologique peut être décrit au mieux comme un mélange de deux types d'activités, l'une d'entre elles correspondant vraisemblablement au comportement de prospection. Il est ainsi possible de quantifier les résultats expérimentaux en termes de fréquence du comportement de prospection.
    Notes: Abstract The locomotory behaviour of the predatory beetle Notiophilus biguttatus F. was examined as a function of three experimental factors: prey traces left in the environment, gut contents and daily food ration. Prey traces led to an increase in the frequency of runs and stops. The size of this effect depended on gut contents. Maximum-likelihood analysis showed that the activity pattern could be described as a mixture of two kinds of activity, one of them presumably reflecting search behaviour. This enabled a quantification of the experimental results in terms of the frequency with which the beetle exibited search behaviour.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Statistics and computing 5 (1995), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: pathotype ; virulence group ; partial resistance ; Globodera rostochiensis ; Globodera pallida ; Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; potato cyst nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In two experiments, using different testing methods, the number of newly formed cysts was determined on nine potato genotypes with resistance from various sources. Ten potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations were used in these experiments. Rank correlation between numbers of cysts over potato genotype-PCN population combinations for both experiments was high (rs = 0.90). Dendrograms for PCN populations and potato genotypes were constructed, based on a simultaneous hierarchical clustering procedure for potato genotype-PCN population interaction terms. Several virulence groups could be identified within Globodera rostochiensis as well as within G. pallida. Host genotypes, derived from the same sources of resistance, were clustered in different resistance groups.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: AMMI ; biadditive model ; factorial regression ; multiplicative interaction ; potato ; variety trials ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotype by environment interaction was investigated for yield data from the official Dutch Variety List trials for potato. The data set included 64 genotypes by 26 environments, where environments consisted of year by soil type combinations. Factorial regression models incorporating genotypic and environmental covariates in the interaction were used to analyse the data. The merits of factorial regression models were compared with those of biadditive models. Factorial regression models and biadditive models described comparable amounts of interaction, but factorial regression models provided a better basis for biological interpreration of the interaction.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 84 (1995), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: AMMI ; best linear unbiassed prediction ; factorial regression ; genotype by environment interaction ; multiplicative interaction ; reduced rank regression ; two-way table ; variance components ; variety trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The multi-environment trial, in which a number of genotypes is evaluated over a range of environmental conditions, is a standard experiment in plant breeding in general, and variety testing in particular. Useful statistical models for the analysis of multi-environment trials, with emphasis on the analysis of genotype by environment interaction, can be found in the classes of linear and bilinear models. Statistical properties of the most important representatives of these model classes are shortly reviewed. Structural differences between the models stem from: (1) the inclusion of random model terms in addition to fixed model terms; (2) the representation of the interaction by additive or multiplicative parameters; (3) the incorporation of concomitant variables on the levels of the environmental factor. For models with bilinear multiplicative structure for the interaction it is described how the interaction can be visualized by biplots. An illustration of the application of the models and biplots is given in a companion paper.
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