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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) of Candida tropicalis induces gene expression in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli by acetate via two distinct promoters (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 322-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Isocitrate lyase ; n-Alkane-utilizable yeast ; Candida tropicalis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Promoters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL, 1530bp) of an n-alkane-utilizable yeast, Candida tropicalis, induced gene expression in another yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when the yeasts were grown on acetate. Surprisingly, UPR-ICL displayed the same regulatory function in the bacterium Escherichia coli when grown on acetate. We determined the interesting nucleotide sequence of UPR-ICL. The deletion analysis of UPR-ICL in both cells revealed the presence of two distinct promoters: one was localized at –394 to –379 and regulated gene expression in S. cerevisiae; the other was located near the initiation codon and regulated gene expression in E. coli. The two promoter sequences were similar, but not identical to regulatory elements that have been previously reported in S. cerevisiae and E. coli, respectively. Accordingly, the possibility of novel regulatory mechanisms could not be excluded. This is an interesting example of the presence of distinct cis-acting regulatory elements responsible for the induction of gene expression in one gene by acetate in both S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Preservation of such promoters through evolution is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) of Candida tropicalis induces gene expression in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli by acetate via two distinct promoters (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 322-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Isocitrate lyase ; n-Alkane-utilizable yeast ; Candida tropicalis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Promoters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL, 1530bp) of an n-alkane-utilizable yeast, Candida tropicalis, induced gene expression in another yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when the yeasts were grown on acetate. Surprisingly, UPR-ICL displayed the same regulatory function in the bacterium Escherichia coli when grown on acetate. We determined the interesting nucleotide sequence of UPR-ICL. The deletion analysis of UPR-ICL in both cells revealed the presence of two distinct promoters: one was localized at-394 to-379 and regulated gene expression in S. cerevisiae; the other was tocated near the initiation codon and regulated gene expression in E. coli. The two promoter sequences were similar, but not identical to regulatory elements that have been previously reported in S. cerevisiae and E. coli, respectively. Accordingly, the possibility of novel regulatory mechanisms could not be excluded. This is an interesting example of the presence of distinct cis-acting regulatory elements responsible for the induction of gene expression in one gene by acetate in both S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Preservation of such promoters through evolution is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-Spingitter-Relaxationszeiten von verschiedenen Polymethacrylaten in Lösung (1978)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 711-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784481
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exercise and Mechanical Loading Increase Periosteal Bone Formation and Whole Bone Strength in C57BL/6J Mice but Not in C3H/Hej Mice (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 298-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Exercise and mechanical stress — Genetics — Bone formation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To identify the genes, and the mechanisms that account for the 53% higher peak bone density in C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice compared with C57BL/6J (B6) mice, we are performing quantitative trait locus and phenotypic analyses. The phenotypic studies revealed differences in bone formation and resorption, and showed that hindlimb immobilization (by sciatic neurectomy) caused a greater increase in endosteal resorption in the tibiae of B6 compared with C3H mice. The current studies were intended to examine the hypothesis that the bones of C3H mice are less sensitive to mechanical loading than the bones of B6 mice. To increase mechanical loading, 9-week-old female B6 and C3H mice (n = 10–13 mice/group) were subjected to a jumping exercise (20 jumps/day, 5 days/week, to heights of 20–30 cm) for a total of 4 weeks. Control mice did not jump. Osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and IGF-I were measured in serum. The left tibiae were used for histomorphometry (ground cross-sections prepared at the tibio-fibular junction) and the right tibiae and femora were used for determinations of bone breaking strength (3-point bending). The results of these studies revealed (1) significant effects of both mouse strain (B6 and C3H) and the jumping exercise on tibial strength; (2) an exercise-dependent increase in serum IGF-I in C3H, but not B6 mice; and (3) no effects on serum ALP or osteocalcin. The histomorphometric analyses showed no effect of exercise on C3H tibiae, but significant exercise-dependent increases in total bone area, periosteal perimeter, periosteal mineral apposition rate (MAR), and periosteal bone formation (P 〈 0.02 for each) in B6 tibiae. There were no effects of exercise on periosteal resorption or any endosteal measurement in either C3H or B6 mice. Since the jumping exercise was designed to cause a two–three fold increase in muscular-skeletal loading at the tibio-fibular junction, and the calculated stress (g/mm2) at this sampling site was only 16% greater for B6 compared with C3H mice, we had anticipated that both strains of mice would show exercise-dependent increases in periosteal bone formation, with a greater response in the B6 mice. The lack of a response in the C3H tibiae demonstrates that the bones of C3H mice are less sensitive to mechanical loading (and unloading) than the bones of B6 mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010060
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the equations of fully fluidized granular materials (1980)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 31 (1980), S. 483-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des équations pour des matériaux granulés entièrement fluides sont proposées et résolues dans un cas simple. Par le frottement et les collisions des particules entre elles, de l'énergie est dissipée. Pour décrire l'énergie de dissipation, on introduit une mesure du mouvement aléatoire des particules comme nouvelle variable intense. Un module cinématique simple de la collision des particules permet d'établir les équations. Ces équations ont des propriétés semblables aux équations de la turbulence. Sous des hypothèses raisonnables, elles prédisent les résultats de Bagnold, à savoir que l'abrasion et la tension normale dépendent du gradient de la vitesse. Pour un flux de granité stable, les profils de flux calculés ressemblent à ceux obtenus expérimentalement.
    Notes: Abstract Equations for fully fluidized granular materials are proposed and are solved in a simple case. In fully fluidized granular materials, the granular particles slip or collide with each other and energy is dissipated. In describing the energy dissipation process characteristic to granular materials, a measure of random motion of granular particles is introduced as a new internal variable. We derive the constitutive equations by using a simple kinematical model of the collision of particles. The set of equations for fully fluidized granular materials obtained has properties similar to the equations that describe turbulence. For reasonable assumptions, these equations predict the results of Bagnold, namely that the shear and normal stress depend upon the square of the velocity gradient. In case of steady one-dimensional gravity flow the calculated flow profiles resemble experimental ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01590859
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel heterologous gene expression system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the isocitrate lyase gene promoter from Candida tropicalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  We have found that the upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) from the n-alkane-utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis was functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a novel promoter with non-fermentable carbon sources, such as oleic acid, acetate, ethanol, and glycerol/lactate. The expression of two foreign genes coding for β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli (LacZ) and glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain was carried out under the control of UPR-ICL. Expression of LacZ was repressed by glucose and enhanced over 300-fold by acetate. When an expression vector pWI3 containing multicloning sites between UPR-ICL and the transcriptional terminator of the isocitrate lyase gene (TERM-ICL) was used, the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) was highly produced in a soluble and active form. These results demonstrate that the novel expression system using UPR-ICL and TERM-ICL from C. tropicalis is useful for the production of heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel heterologous gene expression system inSaccharomyces cerevisiae using the isocitrate lyase gene promoter fromCandida tropicalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have found that the upstream region of the isocitrate lyase gene (UPR-ICL) from then-alkane-utilizing yeastCandida tropicalis was functional inSaccharomyces cerevisiae as a novel promoter with non-fermentable carbon sources, such as oleic acid, acetate, ethanol, and glycerol/lactate. The expression of two foreign genes coding for β-galactosidase fromEscherichia coli (LacZ) and glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain was carried out under the control of UPR-ICL. Expression ofLacZ was repressed by glucose and enhanced over 300-fold by acetate. When an expression vector pW13 containing multicloning sites between UPR-ICL and the transcriptional terminator of the isocitrate lyase gene (TERM-ICL) was used, the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) was highly produced in a soluble and active form. These results demonstrate that the novel expression system using UPR-ICL and TERM-ICL fromC. tropicalis is useful for the production of heterologous proteins inS. cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178615
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Candida maltosa mutant defective in alanine aminotransferase: isolation and L-alanine assimilation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Candida maltosa JCM1504 can grow well on L-alanine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. We found that the activities of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase were remarkably induced when glucose-grown cells were transferred to medium containing L-alanine. This suggested that C. maltosa has an inducible L-alanine degradation system including the above two enzymes. To assess whether AlaAT is essential for the first step of L-alanine degradation, we isolated mutant N-07, which was unable to use L-alanine as a nitrogen source, from the wild strain. Mutant N-07 was very similar to the wild strain in terms of growth on pyruvate and on various amino acids other than L-alanine, suggesting that N-07 lacked only L-alanine-assimilating ability. The AlaAT activity in the cell extract of N-07 was very low and was not induced by L-alanine, whereas the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity was the same as that of the wild strain and was inducible. Western blots with antibody raised against purified AlaAT from C. maltosa indicated that no AlaAT protein was expressed in the mutant N-07. The low level of AlaAT activity described above was possibly due to the pyruvate-forming activity of other enzymes under the assay conditions. From these results, we concluded that AlaAT is an indispensable key enzyme for L-alanine assimilation in C. maltosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACandida maltosa mutant defective in alanine aminotransferase: isolation andl-alanine assimilation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Candida maltosa JCM1504 can grow well onl-alanine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. We found that the activities of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase were remarkably induced when glucose-grown cells were transferred to medium containingl-alanine. This suggested thatC. maltosa has an induciblel-alanine degradation system including the above two enzymes. To assess whether AlaAT is essential for the first step ofl-alanine degradation, we isolated mutant N-07, which was unable to usel-alanine as a nitrogen source, from the wild strain. Mutant N-07 was very similar to the wild strain in terms of growth on pyruvate and on various amino acids other thanl-alanine, suggesting that N-07 lacked onlyl-alanine-assimilating ability. The AlaAT activity in the cell extract of N-07 was very low and was not induced byl-alanine, whereas the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity was the same as that of the wild strain and was inducible. Western blots with antibody raised against purified AlaAT fromC. maltosa indicated that no AlaAT protein was expressed in the mutant N-07. The low level of AlaAT activity described above was possibly due to the pyruvate-forming activity of other enzymes under the assay conditions. From these results, we concluded that AlaAT is an indispensable key enzyme forl-alanine assimilation inC. maltosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578465
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar sensing and α-amylase gene repression in rice embryos (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 204 (1998), S. 420-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:α-Amylase ; Catabolite repression ; Hexokinase ; Oryza ; Sugar sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We used a transient expression system to study the mechanism by which carbohydrates repress a rice (Oryza sativa L.) α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) gene. Exogenously fed metabolizable carbohydrates are able to elicit repression of the α-amylase gene RAmy3D in the rice embryo, and our results indicate that repression is also triggered efficiently by endogenous carbohydrates. Glucose analogs that are taken up by plant cells but not phosphorylated by hexokinase are unable to repress the α-amylase gene studied, while 2-deoxyglucose, which is phosphorylable but not further metabolized, down-regulates RAmy3D promoter activity, indicating a role for hexokinase in the sugar-sensing mechanism triggering repression of the RAmy3D gene. We tested two different hexokinase inhibitors, mannoheptulose and glucosamine, but only the latter was able to relieve RAmy3D promoter activity from repression by endogenous carbohydrates. This correlates with the higher ability of glucosamine to inhibit the activity of rice hexokinases in vitro. The glucosamine-mediated relief of RAmy3D promoter activity from repression by endogenous carbohydrates does not correlate with a reduced rate of carbohydrate utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050275
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