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  • 11
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    Statistical computation of Boltzmann entropy and estimation of the optimal probability density function from statistical sample (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: In this work, we investigate the statistical computation of the Boltzmann entropy of statistical samples. For this purpose, we use both histogram and kernel function to estimate the probability density function of statistical samples. We find that, due to coarse-graining, the entropy is a monotonic increasing function of the bin width for histogram or bandwidth for kernel estimation, which seems to be difficult to select an optimal bin width/bandwidth for computing the entropy. Fortunately, we notice that there exists a minimum of the first derivative of entropy for both histogram and kernel estimation, and this minimum point of the first derivative asymptotically points to the optimal bin width or bandwidth. We have verified these findings by large amounts of numerical experiments. Hence, we suggest that the minimum of the first derivative of entropy be used as a selector for the optimal bin width or bandwidth of density estimation. Moreover, the optimal bandwidth selected by the minimum of the first derivative of entropy is purely data-based, independent of the unknown underlying probability density distribution, which is obviously superior to the existing estimators. Our results are not restricted to one-dimensional, but can also be extended to multivariate cases. It should be emphasized, however, that we do not provide a robust mathematical proof of these findings, and we leave these issues with those who are interested in them.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 12
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    Accuracy of Whole-Genome Prediction Using a Genetic Architecture-Enhanced Variance-Covariance Matrix (2015)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Obtaining accurate predictions of unobserved genetic or phenotypic values for complex traits in animal, plant, and human populations is possible through whole-genome prediction (WGP), a combined analysis of genotypic and phenotypic data. Because the underlying genetic architecture of the trait of interest is an important factor affecting model selection, we propose a new strategy, termed BLUP|GA (BLUP-given genetic architecture), which can use genetic architecture information within the dataset at hand rather than from public sources. This is achieved by using a trait-specific covariance matrix ( T ), which is a weighted sum of a genetic architecture part ( S matrix) and the realized relationship matrix ( G ). The algorithm of BLUP|GA (BLUP-given genetic architecture) is provided and illustrated with real and simulated datasets. Predictive ability of BLUP|GA was validated with three model traits in a dairy cattle dataset and 11 traits in three public datasets with a variety of genetic architectures and compared with GBLUP and other approaches. Results show that BLUP|GA outperformed GBLUP in 20 of 21 scenarios in the dairy cattle dataset and outperformed GBLUP, BayesA, and BayesB in 12 of 13 traits in the analyzed public datasets. Further analyses showed that the difference of accuracies for BLUP|GA and GBLUP significantly correlate with the distance between the T and G matrices. The new strategy applied in BLUP|GA is a favorable and flexible alternative to the standard GBLUP model, allowing to account for the genetic architecture of the quantitative trait under consideration when necessary. This feature is mainly due to the increased similarity between the trait-specific relationship matrix ( T matrix) and the genetic relationship matrix at unobserved causal loci. Applying BLUP|GA in WGP would ease the burden of model selection.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 13
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    Coupling Analysis of Hydrometeorology and Erosive Landforms Evolution in Loess Plateau, China (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate hydrometeorology changing patterns impacts on erosive landforms evolution in Loess Plateau in the past 60 years (1950–2010). We firstly describe hydrometeorology changing patterns (rainfall-runoff-soil erosion response) at different time scales (daily, monthly, and yearly) in perspective of river basins and then further investigate hydrometeorology impacts on erosive landform through combined analysis of statistical quantification and proposed conceptual model of rainfall-runoff-soil erosion landform. Through the above investigations, the following findings are achieved. Firstly, it shows that annual runoff and sediment discharges decreased obviously although precipitation remained at the same level in the past 50 years (1960–2010). Discharges of annual runoff and sediment decreased by 30%–80% and 60%–90%, respectively. Secondly, contributors of soil erosion are determined by integrated factors such as precipitation, river network, and topography characteristics of river basins. The strong soil erosion area existed in the middle hilly-gully region, while the high precipitation was in southern mountains. Thirdly, erosion landform development was largely shaped by hydrometeorology characteristics in comparison with other contributors. It shows that there is strong positive relationship between precipitation and erosion.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 14
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    MiR-34c suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting MET (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-23
    Description: MiR-34c suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting MET Cell Death and Disease 6, e1618 (January 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.582 Authors: Y-Q Li, X-Y Ren, Q-M He, Y-F Xu, X-R Tang, Y Sun, M-S Zeng, T-B Kang, N Liu & J Ma
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 15
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    Functional Variants in DPYSL2 Sequence Increase Risk of Schizophrenia and Suggest a Link to mTOR Signaling (2015)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: Numerous linkage and association studies by our group and others have implicated DPYSL2 at 8p21.2 in schizophrenia. Here we explore DPYSL2 for functional variation that underlies these associations. We sequenced all 14 exons of DPYSL2 as well as 27 conserved noncoding regions at the locus in 137 cases and 151 controls. We identified 120 variants, eight of which we genotyped in an additional 729 cases and 1542 controls. Several were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including a three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype in the proximal promoter, two SNPs in intron 1, and a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region that alters sequences predicted to be involved in translational regulation by mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. The 3-SNP promoter haplotype and the sequence surrounding one of the intron 1 SNPs direct tissue-specific expression in the nervous systems of Zebrafish in a pattern consistent with the two endogenous dpysl2 paralogs. In addition, two SNP haplotypes over the coding exons and 3' end of DPYSL2 showed association with opposing sex-specific risks. These data suggest that these polymorphic, schizophrenia-associated sequences function as regulatory elements for DPYSL2 expression. In transient transfection assays, the high risk allele of the polymorphic dinucleotide repeat diminished reporter expression by 3- to 4-fold. Both the high- and low-risk alleles respond to allosteric mTOR inhibition by rapamycin until, at high drug levels, allelic differences are eliminated. Our results suggest that reduced transcription and mTOR-regulated translation of certain DPYSL2 isoforms increase the risk for schizophrenia.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 16
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    Manganese superoxide dismutase promotes anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-22
    Description: Manganese superoxide dismutase promotes anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis Cell Death and Disease 4, e504 (February 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.20 Authors: S Kamarajugadda, Q Cai, H Chen, S Nayak, J Zhu, M He, Y Jin, Y Zhang, L Ai, S S Martin, M Tan & J Lu
    Keywords: anoikisROSMnSODNFκBmetastasisNRF2
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 17
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    Can a nightside geomagnetic delta-H observed at equator manifest a penetration electric field? (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: [1]   ABSTRACT . The prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) usually manifests itself in the form of an equatorial ionospheric electric field being in correlation with the solar wind electric field. Due to the strong Cowling conductivity, PPEF on the dayside can be inferred from “ Δ H”, which is the difference in the magnitudes of the Horizontal (H) component between a magnetometer at the magnetic equator and one off the equator. This paper aims to investigate the performance of Δ H in response to PPEF on the nightside, where the Cowling conductivity is not significant. We first examine the strongest geomagnetically active time during Nov. 20, 2003 superstorm when the Dst drops to -473 nT, and find that the nightside Δ H can indeed manifest PPEF but with local-time and longitude dependences. We then examine a moderate active time by taking advantage of the multiple penetration event during Nov. 11-16, 2003 when the Dst remains larger than -60 nT. During this event, a series of PPEF pulses recorded at Peru, Japan and India forms a database allowing us to examine PPEF effects at different local times and longitudes. The results show: (1) the nightside Δ H was caused by attenuation of the effects of polar electric field with decreasing latitude; (2) the nightside Δ H can manifest PPEF at least in the midnight-dawn sector (0000 - 0500 LT), but not always; (3) on average, the magnitude of nightside Δ H in the midnight-dawn sector at Peru is only 1/18 of that on the dayside in response to a given PPEF.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 18
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    Determination of the α-decay half-life of ^{210} Po based on film and slice bismuth samples at room temperature (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Author(s): Q. Z. Zhao, X. M. Wang, W. Wang, M. He, K. J. Dong, C. J. Xiao, X. D. Ruan, H. T. Shen, S. Y. Wu, X. R. Yang, L. Dou, Y. N. Xu, L. Cai, F. F. Pang, H. Zhang, Y. J. Pang, and S. Jiang The α decay rate of Po 210 was measured in a film sample ( Po 210 @ Bi 2 O 3 ) and a slice sample ( Po 210 @ Bi metal ) , respectively. The former was used as a reference sample. The half-lives of Po 210 @ Bi 2 O 3 and Po 210 @ Bi metal environments were observed to be ( 138.40 ± 0.21 d ) and ( 138.87 ± 0.87 d ) at room temperature, … [Phys. Rev. C 92, 054616] Published Fri Nov 20, 2015
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 19
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    Theoretical and experimental investigations of thickness- stretch modes in 1-3 piezoelectric composites (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-11
    Description: Bulk piezoelectric ceramics operating in thickness-stretch (TSt) modes have been widely used in acoustic-related devices. However, the fundamental TSt waves are always coupled with other modes, and the occurrence of these spurious modes in bulk piezoelectric ceramics affects its performance. To suppress the spurious modes, 1-3 piezoelectric composites are promising candidates. However, theoretical modeling of multiphase ceramic composite objects is very complex. In this study, a 1-3 piezoelectric composite sample and a bulk piezoelectric sample are fabricated. The electrical impedance of these two samples are compared. A simple analytical TSt vibration mode from the three dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity is used to model the performance of 1-3 piezoelectric composites. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental results.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 20
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    Solar wind density controlling penetration electric field at the equatorial ionosphere during a saturation of cross polar cap potential (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-14
    Description: The most important source of electrodynamic disturbances in the equatorial ionosphere during the main phase of a storm is the prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) originating from the high-latitude region. It has been known that such an electric field is correlated with the magnetospheric convection or interplanetary electric field. Here we show a unique case, in which the electric field disturbance in the equatorial ionosphere cannot be interpreted by this concept. During the superstorm on Nov. 20–21, 2003, the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) saturated at least for 8.2 h. The CPCP reconstructed by Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure suggested that the PPEF at the equatorial ionosphere still correlated with the saturated CPCP, but the CPCP was controlled by the solar wind density instead of the interplanetary electric field. However, the predicted CPCPs by Hill-Siscoe-Ober (HSO) model and Boyle-Ridley (BR) model were not fully consistent with the AMIE result and PPEF. The PPEF also decoupled from the convection electric field in the magnetotail. Due to the decoupling, the electric field in the ring current was not able to comply with the variations of PPEF, and this resulted in a long-duration electric field penetration without shielding.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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