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  • Chemistry  (132)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (14)
  • Magnetism
  • 1990-1994  (132)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS study of the interface reactions between buffer layers for HTSC thin films and silicon (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 685-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we have studied the interface reactions during e-beam evaporation of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria (Y2O3) and Y on Si(100) substrates by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A deposition process was developed for the heteroepitaxial growth of YSZ and Y2O3. A high amount of metallic Zr in the YSZ vapour results in an in situ reduction of the native silicon oxide layer, allowing the growth of high-quality YSZ films even on uncleaned Si substrates. A similar in situ reduction process was achieved for the Y2O3 film growth on uncleaned substrates by a predeposition of metallic Y. The deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) films on YSZ/Y2O3/Si multilayers by dc magnetron sputtering resulted in critical current densities of the YBCO layer in excess of 2 × 106 A cm-2.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740180909
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined depth profile analysis with SNMS, SIMS and XPS: Preferential sputtering and oxygen transport in binary metal oxide multilayer systems (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depth profile measurements of binary metal oxide multilayer systems have been performed by combined SIMS, SNMS and XPS. The combination of data about the particle fluxes and thus the bulk stoichiometry by SNMS, the ionic fluxes by SIMS, and the surface composition and the oxidation state of the metals by XPS provides a detailed insight into the mechanism of preferential sputtering in these systems. We present results on the systems Al2O3/TiO2 and SiO2/HfO2. The signal behaviour at the interfaces cannot be explained by preferential sputtering alone, but must include an oxygen transport mechanism due to chemical driving forces. By comparison of these systems with four other multilayer systems, we have developed a model of combined preferential sputtering and oxygen transport which accounts for the experimental results. The investigated systems can be classified according to their metal/oxygen sputter yield ratio, the degree of preferential sputtering, and the heat of formation of the oxide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetrische Synthesen mit chiralen 1,4-Oxazin-2,5-dionen: Darstellung enantiomerenreiner 2-substituierter PipecolinsäurederivateHerrn Prof. Dr. H.-D. Stachel mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: 1,4-Oxazines, chiral ; Pipecolic acid derivatives ; Amino acids ; 2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric Synthesis with Chiral 1,4-Oxazine-2,5-diones: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure 2-Substituted Pipecolic Acid Derivatives Herrn Prof. Dr. H.-D. Stachel mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.A new asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids is presented. This synthesis is based on the chiral 1,4-oxazine-2,5-diones 5 and 14 relying on the α-hydroxy acid 12 as a chiral auxiliary. A base-mediated alkylation of these chiral amino acid building blocks (5, 12) with different alkyl halides proceeds, after deprotonation with sec-butyllithium, with high yields and excellent d.s. (up to 99.5/0.5). As exemplified by the synthesis of 15 (in comparison to that of 7a) the absolute configuration of the stereocenter in the amino acid unit is determined by the sequence the substituents are introduced. In the enolate 6 and in that of 14 the electrophile adds consistently to the re face of the prochiral carbon. From the alkylation products the corresponding 2-substituted pipecolic acid derivatives are obtained in good yields upon hydrolysis under basic or acidic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199319930179
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the analysis of organotin compounds in biological tissues using alkylation and gas chromatography (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; atomic emission ; validation ; environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several critical steps in the analytical procedure for organotin compounds in the environment are identified in this paper and solutions are suggested. In particular, an improved procedure for quenching excess Grignard reagent is described. After insight into the nature of losses was obtained, the use of internal standards made it possible to reduce further the method variability. The systematic optimization of the analytical procedure resulted in a well investigated and robust method for analysis of organotin compounds in zebra mussel samples. Organotin compounds (OTs) which enter the environment as a result of their use as biocides and their degradation products are regularly found in environmental samples. Many different analytical techniques are currently being used,1 but little is known about their accuracy and precision.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080706
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Besonderheiten der Strukturbildung bei der Koagulation von Polymermischungslösungen. 3. Mitt.: Polymer(A)/Copolymer(AB)/Lösungsmittel-Systeme2. Mitteilung: Acta Polymerica 40 (1989) 314 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Highly porous coagulated structures are formed by coagulating incompatible phase-forming polymer blend solutions. The maximum of the pore volume in the so formed shaped bodies is essentially predetermined by the volume of the dispersed phase owned by the solution of the added polymer in the polymer blend solution. Taken as an example, the blend system PAN/SAN/DMF revealed this principle of structure formation also to be valid for the general system polymer(A)/copolymer(AB)/solvent by taking into consideration the relations of solvatation in the mixed solutions and variations of the compatibility relations, too.
    Notes: Bei der Koagulation von phasenbildenden, unverträglichen Polymermischungslösungssystemen entstehen hochporöse Fällungsstrukturen. Das maximal realisierbare Porenvolumen derart hergestellter Formkörper wird im wesentlichen durch das Volumen der dispergierten Zusatzpolymerlösungsphase in der Polymermischungslösung bestimmt. Wie am Beispiel des Polymermischungslösungssystems PAN/SAN/DMF gezeigt wird, gilt dieses Strukturbildungsprinzip auch im allgemeinen Mischungssystem Polymer(A)/Copolymer(AB)/Lösungsmittel, wenn sowohl die Solvatationsverhältnisse in der Mischungslösung als auch Veränderungen im Verträglichkeitsverhalten berücksichtigt werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430214
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side chain polyrotaxanes: 2. Functionalized polysulfone with non-covalently anchored cyclodextrins in the side chains (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of a new side-chain polyrotaxane containing β-dimethyl cyclodextrin rings is described. The rotaxane side groups are attached via amide functions at an aromatic polysulfone. Some characteristics of the polyrotaxane are compared with those of a corresponding guest model compound. It is found that the Tg value, the solubility in chloroform and acetone, some 1H-NMR shifts and the GPC maximum are significantly influenced by the non-covalently anchored cyclodextrin rings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1994.010450202
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Polyelektrolytverhalten einer C-6-substituierten Carboxycellulose im Vergleich zu Carboxymethylcellulose (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 41 (1990), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparing a C-6-substituted carboxy cellulose and carboxy methyl cellulose samples differing in substituent distribution, the acidity of the COOH-group and the symplex formation of these polymers are investigated. The acidity of the COOH-group is inversely correlated to the average distance between the anionic charge centre and the anhydroglucose ring. Obviously, no significant effect of the regioselectivity of substitution on symplex formation exists.
    Notes: Es wird über vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Acidität der Carboxygruppe und zur Symplexbildung bei einer C-6-substituierten Carboxycellulose einerseits, Carboxymethylcellulosen mit unterschiedlicher Substituentenverteilung andererseits berichtet. Die Acidität der Carboxygruppe korreliert invers zum mittleren Abstand zwischen anionischem Ladungszentrum und Anhydroglucosering. Ein signifikanter Einfluß der Regioselektivität der Substitution auf die Symplexbildung besteht offensichtlich nicht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1990.010410605
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Besonderheiten der strukturbildung bei der koagulation von polymermischungslösungen. 4. mitt.: Membranen aus phasenbildenden, unverträglichen polymermischungslösungen3. Mitt.: Acta Polymerica 43 (1992) 119 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Remarkable highly porous structures are formed by the coagulation of incompatible phase-forming polymer blend solutions. The effect of an added polymer on the porosity of the primary layer is studied. Investigations of the permeability of membranes prepared by different procedures revealed that only in flat membranes prepared on a solid support an elevated porosity of the primary coagulated layer could be observed. A mechanism of pore formation in this special case is suggested.
    Notes: Bei der Koagulation von phasenbildenden, unverträglichen Polymermischungslösungen entstehen durch das Zusatzpolymer bedingte, bemerkenswert hochporöse Fällungsstrukturen. Die dargestellten Untersuchungen haben das Ziel, einen möglichen Einfluß der Zusatzpolymere auf die Porosität der Fällungsprimärschicht zu erfassen. Anhand von Permeationsuntersuchungen konnte an den auf fester Unterlage hergestellten Flachmembranen im Gegensatz zur Hohlmembran eine erhöhte Porosität der Fällungsprimärschicht nachgewiesen werden. Hierfür wird ein Porenbildungsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430307
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphenothiazinobisthiazole: A novel polymer for third-order nonlinear optics (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 228-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis and the optical properties of the novel polymer polyphenothiazinobisthiazole (PPT) are described. The design of this polymer was planned taking into consideration several aspects that were anticipated to lead to a material with an enhanced nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)). Monomer 16 was prepared in a five-step synthsis starting from N-dodecyl-3,7-diaminophenothiazin (11). 16 was reacted with terephthaloyl chloride to yield the precursor polyamide 17. This precursor polyamide was subjected to a thermal cyclization at 300°C under vacuum leading to the title polymer PPT (18). PPT shows UV/vis absorption maxima at λ=282 nm, 305 nm and 463 nm. The macroscopic nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3)(-3ω;ω,ω,ω,) of a thin film of PPT was determined with a third harmonic generation (THG) technique at a fundamental laser wavelength λL=1064 nm. The results show that PPT exhibits nonlinear optical properties comparable to those of poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1994.010450314
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dihydroanthracene dimers as novel bifunctional initiators for anionic polymerization (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 248-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anionic polymerizations initiated with an alkylene bridged dihydroanthracene dimer as a bifunctional initiator are described as a synthetic route to polymers containing the dianthryl species in the center of the macromolecular chain. The approach taken herein involves the twofold deprotonation of 1,3-di-(9,9′,10,10′ -tetrahydro-9,9′ -anthryl)propane and the initiation of methyl methacrylate polymerization at both anionic sites. The synthesis of ABA block copolymers by addition of tert-butyl acrylate as a second monomer is described. Polymer analogous aromatization of the initiator generates the corresponding polymer with two anthracene units in the main chain. The synthezised homo- and block copolymers have been fully characterized by GPC, UV and NMR measurements.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1994.010450317
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