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  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4)
  • Magnetism
  • 1990-1994  (24)
  • 1994  (24)
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  • 1990-1994  (24)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial deterioration of materials - simulation, case histories, and countermeasures for inorganic nonmetallic materials: Biodeterioration processes on inorganic materials and means of countermeasuresBiodeterioration processes on inorganic materials such as natural stone, concrete, or glass can be subdivided into biogeochemical and biogeophysiological mechanisms according to their damage characteristics. In connection with the partial acidification and dissolving of components, biocorrosion as a result of biogenic release of inorganic and organic acids, as well as the biogenic oxidation of mineral forming cations, a certain weakening in the structure of the respective material can occur. The formation of biofilms on the surfaces of the inorganic materials impairs not only the aesthetical appearance of an object but also causes alterations in its humidity and temperature behaviour. In addition, due to the shrinking and swelling effects of biofilms, mechanical pressure to the mineral unit can occur (bioerosion, bioabrasion). Location and environmental factors which could lead to specific, biogenically determined weathering phenomena on these materials will be presented and elucidated. For controlling biodeterioration processes, the development and selection of environmentally-friendly, yet effective, inorganic and organic biocidal additives for stoneprotection agents as well as the use of gas (e.g. ethylene oxide) in their far-reaching significance for future material research will be presented here.
    Notes: Biodeteriorationsprozesse an anorganischen Werkstoffen wie Naturstein, Beton oder Glas können in ihren Schädigungsweisen nach biogeochemischen und biogeophysikalischen Mechanismen unterteilt werden. Im Zusammenhang mit der partiellen Ätzung und Lösung von Bestandteilen, hervorgerufen durch die biogene Freisetzung anorganischer bzw. organischer Säuren (Biokorrosion) sowie der biogenen Oxidation mineralbildender Kationen (Biooxidation), kommt es zur Schwächung, des Gefüges im jeweiligen Werkstoff. Durch den Aufwuchs von Biofilmen auf den Oberflächen anorganischer Materialien kommt es neben ästhetischen Beeinträchtigungen auch zu Veränderungen im Feuchte- und Temperaturverhalten des Werkstoffes sowie aufgrund von Schrumpfungs- und Quellungsprozessen von Biofilmen zu mechanischer Druckbelastung auf den Mineralverband (Bioerosion, Bioabrasion). Standort- und Umweltfaktoren, die zu entsprechend biogenen Verwitterungsphänomenen an anorganischen Werkstoffen führen, werden vorgestellt und erläutert. für die Bekämpfung der Biodeteriorationsprozesse werden die Entwicklung und Auswahl umweltgerechter, aber dennoch wirksamer anorganischer bzw. organischer biozider Zuschlagstoffe für Gesteinsschutzstoffe sowie Begasungen (z. B. Ethylenoxid) in ihrer weitreichenden Bedeutung für die zukünftige Materialforschung vorgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depth profile measurements of binary metal oxide multilayer systems have been performed by combined SIMS, SNMS and XPS. The combination of data about the particle fluxes and thus the bulk stoichiometry by SNMS, the ionic fluxes by SIMS, and the surface composition and the oxidation state of the metals by XPS provides a detailed insight into the mechanism of preferential sputtering in these systems. We present results on the systems Al2O3/TiO2 and SiO2/HfO2. The signal behaviour at the interfaces cannot be explained by preferential sputtering alone, but must include an oxygen transport mechanism due to chemical driving forces. By comparison of these systems with four other multilayer systems, we have developed a model of combined preferential sputtering and oxygen transport which accounts for the experimental results. The investigated systems can be classified according to their metal/oxygen sputter yield ratio, the degree of preferential sputtering, and the heat of formation of the oxide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 577-585 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; atomic emission ; validation ; environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several critical steps in the analytical procedure for organotin compounds in the environment are identified in this paper and solutions are suggested. In particular, an improved procedure for quenching excess Grignard reagent is described. After insight into the nature of losses was obtained, the use of internal standards made it possible to reduce further the method variability. The systematic optimization of the analytical procedure resulted in a well investigated and robust method for analysis of organotin compounds in zebra mussel samples. Organotin compounds (OTs) which enter the environment as a result of their use as biocides and their degradation products are regularly found in environmental samples. Many different analytical techniques are currently being used,1 but little is known about their accuracy and precision.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 68-72 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of a new side-chain polyrotaxane containing β-dimethyl cyclodextrin rings is described. The rotaxane side groups are attached via amide functions at an aromatic polysulfone. Some characteristics of the polyrotaxane are compared with those of a corresponding guest model compound. It is found that the Tg value, the solubility in chloroform and acetone, some 1H-NMR shifts and the GPC maximum are significantly influenced by the non-covalently anchored cyclodextrin rings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 228-234 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis and the optical properties of the novel polymer polyphenothiazinobisthiazole (PPT) are described. The design of this polymer was planned taking into consideration several aspects that were anticipated to lead to a material with an enhanced nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)). Monomer 16 was prepared in a five-step synthsis starting from N-dodecyl-3,7-diaminophenothiazin (11). 16 was reacted with terephthaloyl chloride to yield the precursor polyamide 17. This precursor polyamide was subjected to a thermal cyclization at 300°C under vacuum leading to the title polymer PPT (18). PPT shows UV/vis absorption maxima at λ=282 nm, 305 nm and 463 nm. The macroscopic nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3)(-3ω;ω,ω,ω,) of a thin film of PPT was determined with a third harmonic generation (THG) technique at a fundamental laser wavelength λL=1064 nm. The results show that PPT exhibits nonlinear optical properties comparable to those of poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 45 (1994), S. 248-251 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anionic polymerizations initiated with an alkylene bridged dihydroanthracene dimer as a bifunctional initiator are described as a synthetic route to polymers containing the dianthryl species in the center of the macromolecular chain. The approach taken herein involves the twofold deprotonation of 1,3-di-(9,9′,10,10′ -tetrahydro-9,9′ -anthryl)propane and the initiation of methyl methacrylate polymerization at both anionic sites. The synthesis of ABA block copolymers by addition of tert-butyl acrylate as a second monomer is described. Polymer analogous aromatization of the initiator generates the corresponding polymer with two anthracene units in the main chain. The synthezised homo- and block copolymers have been fully characterized by GPC, UV and NMR measurements.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1218-1218 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1186-1186 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1471-1475 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium, mercury, platinum, oxide ; crystal structure ; high pressure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Contribution on Ba3Pt4HgO11: The First Alkaline-Earth Oxoplatinate(II,V)/OxomercurateSingle crystals of Ba3Pt4HgO11 were prepared by oxygen high pressure technique (4 200-3 600 bar) and investigated by X-ray methods. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group D3h4—P62c, a = 6.021, c = 17.374 Å, Z = 2. Ba3Pt4HgO11 represents a new structure type, showing structural relationships to Ba2Hg3Pd7O14 and to the precious metal 6L-perovskites. The Hg2+ ions show dumb-bell like coordination, Pt2+ a square-planar surrounding and Pt5+ face shared double octahedra.
    Notes: Ba3Pt4HgO11 wurde unter hohem Sauerstoffdruck (4 200-3 600 bar) einkristallin dargestllt und röntgenographisch untersucht. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe D3h4—P62c mit a = 6,021; c = 17,374 Å; Z = 2. Ba3Pt4HgO11 bildet einen neuen Strukturtyp, der kristallchemische Verwandtschaft zu Ba2Hg3Pd7O14 und den Edelmetall-6L-Perowskiten zeigt. Die Hg2+-Ionen weisen eine hantelförmige, Pt2+ eine quadratisch-planare Koordination auf. Pt5+ bildet mit O2- flächenverknüpfte Doppeloktaeder.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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