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  • Chemistry  (132)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (14)
  • Column liquid chromatography  (12)
  • Magnetism
  • 1990-1994  (144)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 25 (1991), S. viii 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Electrodialytic sample treatment ; Computer models ; Analyte enrichment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Basic considerations for analyte enrichment and recovery obtainable by electrodialysis as a sample treatment method are given. Equations are derived which describe the dependence of the concentration profiles of ionic compounds on the electric field strength in a set-up with stagnant donor and acceptor solutions. It is shown that analyte recovery increases when less ion-selective membranes are used in the electrodialysis cell. Computer models are used to estimate the analyte enrichment for a flowing donor (sample) and a stagnant acceptor phase. About 10-fold enrichment can be obtained in an electrodialytic sample treatment system within 20 min under maximum current conditions. A compromise has to be found between analyte recovery and the donor (sample) flow rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Electrodialytic sample treatment ; On-line coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An electrodialytic sample treatment method coupled on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography (EDIST-HPLC) is discussed in this paper. The performance of EDIST as a function of the donor-phase (sample solution) flow rate, the voltage applied over the electrodialysis block, and the time of dialysis has been studied using the basic drug ephedrine as a model compound. Enrichment of the analyte by a factor of 10–20 was possible. The determination of human plasma spiked with ephedrine is briefly discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Zone-electrophoretic sample treatment ; Basic and acidic compounds ; Biological samples
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modified valve arrangement for zone-electrophoretic sample treatment (ZEST)-which is coupled on-line with column liquid chromatography — is used to pretreat biological (plasma) samples. Carry-over of plasma proteins depends on the pH of the electrophoresis buffer. The determination of propranolol, metoprolol, cromolyn and salicylic acid demonstrates that both basic and acidic analytes can be isolated from the plasma matrix with high selectivity. Analogous piperazines, with different protein binding properties, were used to study the influence of protein binding on the recovery. It is shown that high protein can cause a decreased recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Sample treatment ; Zone electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The design of a new valve arrangement for zone-electrophoretic sample treatment (ZEST) coupled online with high performance liquid chromatography is described. Characteristics of this valve, such as the internal heat development as a function of the current, have been investigated. By using quinidine and desipramine as model compounds it is shown that charged compounds can be isolated from biological samples, in about 15 min, with high selectivity. The carry-over of proteins to the analytical column has been compared with the carry-over using a pre-column sample clean-up method. The detection limits of quinidine and hydroquinidine (50 ng/ml), using zone-electrophoretic sample treatment coupled with column liquid chromatography, are in the same range as with direct injections using pre-columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Membrane-extraction disks ; On-line trace enrichment ; Polar pollutants ; Surface water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An on-line trace-enrichment system, using a bifunctional membrane extraction-disk cartridge, has been combined with a column liquid chromatography separation for the simultaneous determination of basic, neutral and acidic pollutants in surface water. The enrichment device consisted of a specially constructed holder containing both C-18 and cation-exchange disks. The holder can contain up to 25 disks of 0.5 mm thickness and 4.6 mm diameter. Before trace enrichment of 20 ml of surface water (pH 3.0), calcium ions were removed from the sample by means of an oxalic acid precipitation. Desorption of the cartridge was at elevated temperature using reversed-phase gradient elution; detection was performed with a diode-array UV absorbance detector. The detection limits for the test compounds in surface water are typically 0.5–2 μg/l; the calibration graphs are linear from the lower limit of determination up to 50 μg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 334 (1992), S. 49-52 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: HPLC-Electrochemical Detector with a Carbon Fiber Working ElectrodeThe paper describes an electrochemical detector with carbon fibers as the working electrode placed perpendicularly to the flow direction. The detector performance was characterized by the detection limit for selected phenolic compounds, reproducibility, linearity and the signal dependence on the flow rate. An electrochemical in situ pretreatment of the working electrode improves sensitivity and long term stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aluminizing of steels for protection against high-temperature sulphidation in liquid sulphur and in H2S-containing atmospheresThe aluminizing of a structural steel (Werkst. Nr. 1.7335), a stainless steel (1.4306) and a heat resistant steel (1.4876) has been optimized with respect to the maximal attainable aluminum content, the freedom from porosity and cracks and the homogeneity of phases in the aluminized layer. The nickel was found to be predominantly important, as together with Kirkendall porosity it governs the thermal stability of aluminized layers during corrosion and oxidation.High-temperature corrosion was examined in liquid sulphur, in H2/H2S- and in H2/H2S/H2O-atmospheres. In liquid sulphur the aluminized layer of austenitic steels fails by the occurrence of a periodically alternating sulphidation reaction which destroys the protective layer at 495°C. In gaseous mixtures the stability depends on the quality of an Al2O3-film on the aluminized layer which inturn is governed by the chemical composition of the aluminized layer. Beyond 900°C the transport of sulphur through Al2O3 occurs by simultaneous grain boundary-(“short circuit-”) and volume diffusion.
    Notes: Die Alitierung je eines Baustahles (Werkst. Nr. 1.7335), eines rostfreien Stahles (1.4306) und eines hitzebeständigen Stahles (1.4876) wurde hinsichtlich des maximal erreichbaren Aluminiumgehaltes, der Freiheit von Poren und Rissen und der Homogenität der Schutzschicht optimiert. Als wesentliche Einflußgröße für die Schutzschichtbildung wurde der Nickelgehalt festgestellt, von der, gemeinsam mit der Kirkendallporosität, die thermische Stabilität bei korrosiver und oxidativer Belastung entscheidend abhängt.Die Hochtemperaturkorrosion wurde in flüssigem Schwefel, in H2/H2S- und in H2/H2S/H2O-Gemischen untersucht. In flüssigem Schwefel versagt die Alitierschicht der autenitischen Stähle durch eine periodisch alternierende Sulfidierungsreaktion, die die Schutzschicht bei 495°C zerstört. In den Gasgemischen hängt die Beständigkeit von der Schutzwirkung des Al2O3-Filmes auf der Alitierschicht ab, dessen Qualität durch die chemische Zusammensetzung der Schicht bedingt ist. Oberhalb 900°C wurde im übrigen für den Schwefeltransport im Al2O3 neben der Korngrenzen-(“Kurzschluß-”) Diffusion auch Volumendiffusion nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 402-409 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: CORIS™: Corrosion data baseIn this paper the main component of the CORIS system, the corrosion database, is presented. The database contains corrosion facts for metallic materials with respect to all important corrosion parameters. E/R-Models (Entity-Relationship-models) were used for structuring the corrosion knowledge, and the functionality of the system is described in detail from the conceptual and the practical point of view. The system offers the possibility to enter own corrosion data as well as to evaluate stored data. The graphical interactive user interface was designed for simple use.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Kernkomponente des Systems CORIS, die Korrosionsdatenbank, vorgestellt. In ihr sind Korrosionsfakten unter Berücksichtigung aller relevanten Parameter abgelegt. Es wird die dem System zugrunde liegende Korrosionsstruktur mit Hilfe von E/R-Modellen (Entity-Relationship-Modelle) erläutert und ein detaillierter Einblick in die Funktionalität und das Erscheinungsbild gegeben. Das System bietet dem Anwender die Möglichkeit, sowohl eigene Korrosionserfahrungen abzulegen als auch unter Eingabe von Suchbedingungen vorhandenes Wissen zu recherchieren. Die graphisch interaktive Benutzeroberfläche ist auch für ungeübte DV-Nutzer leicht zu bedienen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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