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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: The spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from China to Europe has raised global concern about their potential to infect humans and cause a pandemic. In spite of their substantial threat to human health, remarkably little AIV whole-genome information is available. We report here a preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes. We combine this new information with public AIV data to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Obenauer, John C -- Denson, Jackie -- Mehta, Perdeep K -- Su, Xiaoping -- Mukatira, Suraj -- Finkelstein, David B -- Xu, Xiequn -- Wang, Jinhua -- Ma, Jing -- Fan, Yiping -- Rakestraw, Karen M -- Webster, Robert G -- Hoffmann, Erich -- Krauss, Scott -- Zheng, Jie -- Zhang, Ziwei -- Naeve, Clayton W -- AI95357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069916/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1576-80. Epub 2006 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/virology ; Computational Biology ; *Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A virus/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence Factors/*chemistry/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lacking H3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. However, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes global H3-K56 acetylation has not been found. Here we show that regulation of Ty1 transposition gene product 109 (Rtt109) is an H3-K56 HAT. Cells lacking Rtt109 or expressing rtt109 mutants with alterations at a conserved aspartate residue lose H3-K56 acetylation and exhibit increased sensitivity toward genotoxic agents, as well as elevated levels of spontaneous chromosome breaks. Thus, Rtt109, which shares no sequence homology with any other known HATs, is a unique HAT that acetylates H3-K56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Junhong -- Zhou, Hui -- Horazdovsky, Bruce -- Zhang, Kangling -- Xu, Rui-Ming -- Zhang, Zhiguo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; Chromosome Breakage ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Replication ; Histone Acetyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Mammals have single-rowed dentitions, whereas many nonmammalian vertebrates have teeth in multiple rows. Neither the molecular mechanism regulating iterative tooth initiation nor that restricting mammalian tooth development in one row is known. We found that mice lacking the transcription factor odd-skipped related-2 (Osr2) develop supernumerary teeth lingual to their molars because of expansion of the odontogenic field. Osr2 was expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient and restricted expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4), an essential odontogenic signal, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. Expansion of odontogenic field in Osr2-deficient mice required Msx1, a feedback activator of Bmp4 expression. These findings suggest that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway propagates mesenchymal activation for sequential tooth induction and that spatial modulation of this pathway provides a mechanism for patterning vertebrate dentition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2650836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Zunyi -- Lan, Yu -- Chai, Yang -- Jiang, Rulang -- R01 DE013681/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-06/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-07/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-08/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE013681-09/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01DE013681/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- T32DE007202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1232-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1167418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/metabolism ; Dentition ; Epithelium/embryology/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; MSX1 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Mesoderm/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molar/embryology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *Odontogenesis ; Tooth Germ/embryology/metabolism ; Tooth, Supernumerary/*embryology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Antibody VRC01 is a human immunoglobulin that neutralizes about 90% of HIV-1 isolates. To understand how such broadly neutralizing antibodies develop, we used x-ray crystallography and 454 pyrosequencing to characterize additional VRC01-like antibodies from HIV-1-infected individuals. Crystal structures revealed a convergent mode of binding for diverse antibodies to the same CD4-binding-site epitope. A functional genomics analysis of expressed heavy and light chains revealed common pathways of antibody-heavy chain maturation, confined to the IGHV1-2*02 lineage, involving dozens of somatic changes, and capable of pairing with different light chains. Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 immunity associated with VRC01-like antibodies thus involves the evolution of antibodies to a highly affinity-matured state required to recognize an invariant viral structure, with lineages defined from thousands of sequences providing a genetic roadmap of their development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516815/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516815/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Xueling -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Zhu, Jiang -- Zhang, Baoshan -- Georgiev, Ivelin -- Wang, Charlene -- Chen, Xuejun -- Longo, Nancy S -- Louder, Mark -- McKee, Krisha -- O'Dell, Sijy -- Perfetto, Stephen -- Schmidt, Stephen D -- Shi, Wei -- Wu, Lan -- Yang, Yongping -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Yang, Zhongjia -- Zhang, Zhenhai -- Bonsignori, Mattia -- Crump, John A -- Kapiga, Saidi H -- Sam, Noel E -- Haynes, Barton F -- Simek, Melissa -- Burton, Dennis R -- Koff, Wayne C -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Connors, Mark -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Mullikin, James C -- Nabel, Gary J -- Roederer, Mario -- Shapiro, Lawrence -- Kwong, Peter D -- Mascola, John R -- 5U19 AI 067854-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1593-602. doi: 10.1126/science.1207532. Epub 2011 Aug 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*immunology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/immunology ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry/immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease, is an aggressive fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 plant species. Here, we show that some B. cinerea small RNAs (Bc-sRNAs) can silence Arabidopsis and tomato genes involved in immunity. These Bc-sRNAs hijack the host RNA interference (RNAi) machinery by binding to Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1) and selectively silencing host immunity genes. The Arabidopsis ago1 mutant exhibits reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea, and the B. cinerea dcl1 dcl2 double mutant that can no longer produce these Bc-sRNAs displays reduced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis and tomato. Thus, this fungal pathogen transfers "virulent" sRNA effectors into host plant cells to suppress host immunity and achieve infection, which demonstrates a naturally occurring cross-kingdom RNAi as an advanced virulence mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096153/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096153/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiberg, Arne -- Wang, Ming -- Lin, Feng-Mao -- Zhao, Hongwei -- Zhang, Zhihong -- Kaloshian, Isgouhi -- Huang, Hsien-Da -- Jin, Hailing -- R01 GM093008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):118-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1239705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Argonaute Proteins/genetics ; Botrytis/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/*immunology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics/immunology/microbiology ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/genetics/immunology/*microbiology ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Virulence/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Activators of innate immunity may have the potential to combat a broad range of infectious agents. We report that treatment with bacterial flagellin prevented rotavirus (RV) infection in mice and cured chronically RV-infected mice. Protection was independent of adaptive immunity and interferon (IFN, type I and II) and required flagellin receptors Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4). Flagellin-induced activation of TLR5 on dendritic cells elicited production of the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which induced a protective gene expression program in intestinal epithelial cells. Flagellin also induced NLRC4-dependent production of IL-18 and immediate elimination of RV-infected cells. Administration of IL-22 and IL-18 to mice fully recapitulated the capacity of flagellin to prevent or eliminate RV infection and thus holds promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Benyue -- Chassaing, Benoit -- Shi, Zhenda -- Uchiyama, Robin -- Zhang, Zhan -- Denning, Timothy L -- Crawford, Sue E -- Pruijssers, Andrea J -- Iskarpatyoti, Jason A -- Estes, Mary K -- Dermody, Terence S -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- Williams, Ifor R -- Vijay-Kumar, Matam -- Gewirtz, Andrew T -- AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI080656/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI107943/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK061417/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK064730/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK56338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):861-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1256999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. agewirtz@gsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diarrhea/immunology/therapy/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/virology ; Flagellin/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-18/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Interleukins/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Rotavirus Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/genetics/*physiology ; Virus Shedding
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: We describe a general and rapid route for the addition of unnatural amino acids to the genetic code of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five amino acids have been incorporated into proteins efficiently and with high fidelity in response to the nonsense codon TAG. The side chains of these amino acids contain a keto group, which can be uniquely modified in vitro and in vivo with a wide range of chemical probes and reagents; a heavy atom-containing amino acid for structural studies; and photocrosslinkers for cellular studies of protein interactions. This methodology not only removes the constraints imposed by the genetic code on our ability to manipulate protein structure and function in yeast, it provides a gateway to the systematic expansion of the genetic codes of multicellular eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chin, Jason W -- Cropp, T Ashton -- Anderson, J Christopher -- Mukherji, Mridul -- Zhang, Zhiwen -- Schultz, Peter G -- GM 62159/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):964-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*genetics/metabolism ; Anticodon ; Azides/metabolism ; *Codon, Nonsense ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics ; *Genetic Code ; Humans ; Methyltyrosines/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase/genetics/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Posttranslational modifications of proteins regulate many biological processes, including metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression. The synthetic challenges associated with generating homogeneous populations of selectively modified proteins, however, have hindered detailed studies of the effects of these modifications on protein structure and function. Here, we report an approach to the cotranslational synthesis of selectively glycosylated proteins in which the modified amino acid is genetically encoded. We show that myoglobin containing beta-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-serine at a defined position can be expressed in Escherichia coli in good yield and with high fidelity. The beta-GlcNAc moiety can be recognized by a saccharide-binding protein, or subsequently modified with a galactosyltransferase to build more complex carbohydrates. This approach should be generally applicable to other posttranslational modifications such as protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Zhiwen -- Gildersleeve, Jeff -- Yang, Yu-Ying -- Xu, Ran -- Loo, Joseph A -- Uryu, Sean -- Wong, Chi-Huey -- Schultz, Peter G -- 5 F32 AI10419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM66494/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):371-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetylglucosamine/*metabolism ; Codon ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Lectins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Myoglobin/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/metabolism ; Serine/*metabolism ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase/genetics/metabolism ; Uridine Diphosphate Galactose/metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-04-05
    Description: Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a blueprint for effective vaccination. Here we report the isolation, evolution and structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody from an African donor followed from the time of infection. The mature antibody, CH103, neutralized approximately 55% of HIV-1 isolates, and its co-crystal structure with the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 revealed a new loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding-site recognition. Virus and antibody gene sequencing revealed concomitant virus evolution and antibody maturation. Notably, the unmutated common ancestor of the CH103 lineage avidly bound the transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and evolution of antibody neutralization breadth was preceded by extensive viral diversification in and near the CH103 epitope. These data determine the viral and antibody evolution leading to induction of a lineage of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, and provide insights into strategies to elicit similar antibodies by vaccination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637846/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637846/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Hua-Xin -- Lynch, Rebecca -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Gao, Feng -- Alam, S Munir -- Boyd, Scott D -- Fire, Andrew Z -- Roskin, Krishna M -- Schramm, Chaim A -- Zhang, Zhenhai -- Zhu, Jiang -- Shapiro, Lawrence -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Mullikin, James C -- Gnanakaran, S -- Hraber, Peter -- Wiehe, Kevin -- Kelsoe, Garnett -- Yang, Guang -- Xia, Shi-Mao -- Montefiori, David C -- Parks, Robert -- Lloyd, Krissey E -- Scearce, Richard M -- Soderberg, Kelly A -- Cohen, Myron -- Kamanga, Gift -- Louder, Mark K -- Tran, Lillian M -- Chen, Yue -- Cai, Fangping -- Chen, Sheri -- Moquin, Stephanie -- Du, Xiulian -- Joyce, M Gordon -- Srivatsan, Sanjay -- Zhang, Baoshan -- Zheng, Anqi -- Shaw, George M -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- Kepler, Thomas B -- Korber, Bette T M -- Kwong, Peter D -- Mascola, John R -- Haynes, Barton F -- AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI100645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI050410/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):469-76. doi: 10.1038/nature12053. Epub 2013 Apr 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. hliao@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23552890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Africa ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Antigens, CD4/chemistry/immunology ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/cytology ; Cross Reactions/immunology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes/chemistry/immunology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HIV-1/*chemistry/classification/*immunology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Phylogeny ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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