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  • 1
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    The mutation spectrum revealed by paired genome sequences from a lung cancer patient (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small-cell lung carcinomas in smokers being the predominant form of the disease. Although previous studies have identified important common somatic mutations in lung cancers, they have primarily focused on a limited set of genes and have thus provided a constrained view of the mutational spectrum. Recent cancer sequencing efforts have used next-generation sequencing technologies to provide a genome-wide view of mutations in leukaemia, breast cancer and cancer cell lines. Here we present the complete sequences of a primary lung tumour (60x coverage) and adjacent normal tissue (46x). Comparing the two genomes, we identify a wide variety of somatic variations, including 〉50,000 high-confidence single nucleotide variants. We validated 530 somatic single nucleotide variants in this tumour, including one in the KRAS proto-oncogene and 391 others in coding regions, as well as 43 large-scale structural variations. These constitute a large set of new somatic mutations and yield an estimated 17.7 per megabase genome-wide somatic mutation rate. Notably, we observe a distinct pattern of selection against mutations within expressed genes compared to non-expressed genes and in promoter regions up to 5 kilobases upstream of all protein-coding genes. Furthermore, we observe a higher rate of amino acid-changing mutations in kinase genes. We present a comprehensive view of somatic alterations in a single lung tumour, and provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, of distinct selective pressures present within the tumour environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, William -- Jiang, Zhaoshi -- Liu, Jinfeng -- Haverty, Peter M -- Guan, Yinghui -- Stinson, Jeremy -- Yue, Peng -- Zhang, Yan -- Pant, Krishna P -- Bhatt, Deepali -- Ha, Connie -- Johnson, Stephanie -- Kennemer, Michael I -- Mohan, Sankar -- Nazarenko, Igor -- Watanabe, Colin -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Shames, David S -- Gentleman, Robert -- de Sauvage, Frederic J -- Stern, Howard -- Pandita, Ajay -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Drmanac, Radoje -- Modrusan, Zora -- Seshagiri, Somasekar -- Zhang, Zemin -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):473-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Point Mutation/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Complete resequencing of 40 genomes reveals domestication events and genes in silkworm (Bombyx) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: A single-base pair resolution silkworm genetic variation map was constructed from 40 domesticated and wild silkworms, each sequenced to approximately threefold coverage, representing 99.88% of the genome. We identified ~16 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, many indels, and structural variations. We find that the domesticated silkworms are clearly genetically differentiated from the wild ones, but they have maintained large levels of genetic variability, suggesting a short domestication event involving a large number of individuals. We also identified signals of selection at 354 candidate genes that may have been important during domestication, some of which have enriched expression in the silk gland, midgut, and testis. These data add to our understanding of the domestication processes and may have applications in devising pest control strategies and advancing the use of silkworms as efficient bioreactors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Guo, Yiran -- Zhang, Ze -- Li, Dong -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Li, Zhuo -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Yingrui -- Cheng, Daojun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Jiang, Tao -- Becquet, Celine -- Xu, Xun -- Liu, Chun -- Zha, Xingfu -- Fan, Wei -- Lin, Ying -- Shen, Yihong -- Jiang, Lan -- Jensen, Jeffrey -- Hellmann, Ines -- Tang, Si -- Zhao, Ping -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yu, Chang -- Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Jun -- Cao, Jianjun -- Liu, Shiping -- He, Ningjia -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Hui -- Zhao, Jing -- Ye, Chen -- Du, Zhouhe -- Pan, Guoqing -- Zhao, Aichun -- Shao, Haojing -- Zeng, Wei -- Wu, Ping -- Li, Chunfeng -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Jingjing -- Yin, Xuyang -- Li, Dawei -- Wang, Juan -- Zheng, Huisong -- Wang, Wen -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Lu, Cheng -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Wang, Jian -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):433-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1176620. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombyx/classification/*genetics ; Digestive System/metabolism ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; INDEL Mutation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Testis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: We report a draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori), covering 90.9% of all known silkworm genes. Our estimated gene count is 18,510, which exceeds the 13,379 genes reported for Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative analyses to fruitfly, mosquito, spider, and butterfly reveal both similarities and differences in gene content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Lu, Cheng -- Cheng, Daojun -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Bin -- Zhao, Ping -- Zha, Xingfu -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Chai, Chunli -- Pan, Guoqing -- Xu, Jinshan -- Liu, Chun -- Lin, Ying -- Qian, Jifeng -- Hou, Yong -- Wu, Zhengli -- Li, Guanrong -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Chunfeng -- Shen, Yihong -- Lan, Xiqian -- Yuan, Lianwei -- Li, Tian -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yang, Guangwei -- Wan, Yongji -- Zhu, Yong -- Yu, Maode -- Shen, Weide -- Wu, Dayang -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Yu, Jun -- Wang, Jun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Shi, Jianping -- Li, Heng -- Li, Guangyuan -- Su, Jianning -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Li, Guoqing -- Zhang, Zengjin -- Wu, Qingfa -- Li, Jun -- Zhang, Qingpeng -- Wei, Ning -- Xu, Jianzhe -- Sun, Haibo -- Dong, Le -- Liu, Dongyuan -- Zhao, Shengli -- Zhao, Xiaolan -- Meng, Qingshun -- Lan, Fengdi -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Yuanzhe -- Fang, Lin -- Li, Changfeng -- Li, Dawei -- Sun, Yongqiao -- Zhang, Zhenpeng -- Yang, Zheng -- Huang, Yanqing -- Xi, Yan -- Qi, Qiuhui -- He, Dandan -- Huang, Haiyan -- Zhang, Xiaowei -- Wang, Zhiqiang -- Li, Wenjie -- Cao, Yuzhu -- Yu, Yingpu -- Yu, Hong -- Li, Jinhong -- Ye, Jiehua -- Chen, Huan -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Bin -- Wang, Jing -- Ye, Jia -- Ji, Hai -- Li, Shengting -- Ni, Peixiang -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Yong -- Zheng, Hongkun -- Mao, Bingyu -- Wang, Wen -- Ye, Chen -- Li, Songgang -- Wang, Jian -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Yang, Huanming -- Biology Analysis Group -- 1 P50 HG02351/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing Beibei, 400716, China. xiaqy@swau.cq.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Bombyx/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Butterflies/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Insect Hormones/genetics ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spiders/genetics ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Tumour-infiltrating Gr-1+ myeloid cells antagonize senescence in cancer (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-27
    Description: Aberrant activation of oncogenes or loss of tumour suppressor genes opposes malignant transformation by triggering a stable arrest in cell growth, which is termed cellular senescence. This process is finely tuned by both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms that regulate the entry of tumour cells to senescence. Whether tumour-infiltrating immune cells can oppose senescence is unknown. Here we show that at the onset of senescence, PTEN null prostate tumours in mice are massively infiltrated by a population of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells that protect a fraction of proliferating tumour cells from senescence, thus sustaining tumour growth. Mechanistically, we found that Gr-1(+) cells antagonize senescence in a paracrine manner by interfering with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of the tumour through the secretion of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Strikingly, Pten-loss-induced cellular senescence was enhanced in vivo when Il1ra knockout myeloid cells were adoptively transferred to PTEN null mice. Therapeutically, docetaxel-induced senescence and efficacy were higher in PTEN null tumours when the percentage of tumour-infiltrating CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells was reduced using an antagonist of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). Taken together, our findings identify a novel non-cell-autonomous network, established by innate immunity, that controls senescence evasion and chemoresistance. Targeting this network provides novel opportunities for cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Mitri, Diletta -- Toso, Alberto -- Chen, Jing Jing -- Sarti, Manuela -- Pinton, Sandra -- Jost, Tanja Rezzonico -- D'Antuono, Rocco -- Montani, Erica -- Garcia-Escudero, Ramon -- Guccini, Ilaria -- Da Silva-Alvarez, Sabela -- Collado, Manuel -- Eisenberger, Mario -- Zhang, Zhe -- Catapano, Carlo -- Grassi, Fabio -- Alimonti, Andrea -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 6;515(7525):134-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13638. Epub 2014 Aug 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland [2]. ; 1] Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland [2] Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne CH1011, Switzerland. ; Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland. ; 1] Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland [2] Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Laboratory of Stem Cells in Cancer and Aging, (stemCHUS) Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital (CHUS), E15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. ; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, USA. ; Divisions of BioStatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, USA. ; 1] Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland [2] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan I-20100, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Aging/drug effects ; *Cell Movement ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/deficiency/metabolism/secretion ; Interleukin-1alpha/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Receptors, Chemokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors ; Taxoids/pharmacology ; Tumor Escape ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Suppression of neuroinflammation by astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors via alphaB-crystallin (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Chronic neuroinflammation is a common feature of the ageing brain and some neurodegenerative disorders. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate immunity in the central nervous system remain elusive. Here we show that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) modulates innate immunity through alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB), which is known to suppress neuroinflammation. We demonstrate that knockout mice lacking Drd2 showed remarkable inflammatory response in multiple central nervous system regions and increased the vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. Astrocytes null for Drd2 became hyper-responsive to immune stimuli with a marked reduction in the level of CRYAB. Preferential ablation of Drd2 in astrocytes robustly activated astrocytes in the substantia nigra. Gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that CRYAB is critical for DRD2-mediated modulation of innate immune response in astrocytes. Furthermore, treatment of wild-type mice with the selective DRD2 agonist quinpirole increased resistance of the nigral dopaminergic neurons to MPTP through partial suppression of inflammation. Our study indicates that astrocytic DRD2 activation normally suppresses neuroinflammation in the central nervous system through a CRYAB-dependent mechanism, and provides a new strategy for targeting the astrocyte-mediated innate immune response in the central nervous system during ageing and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shao, Wei -- Zhang, Shu-zhen -- Tang, Mi -- Zhang, Xin-hua -- Zhou, Zheng -- Yin, Yan-qing -- Zhou, Qin-bo -- Huang, Yuan-yuan -- Liu, Ying-jun -- Wawrousek, Eric -- Chen, Teng -- Li, Sheng-bin -- Xu, Ming -- Zhou, Jiang-ning -- Hu, Gang -- Zhou, Jia-wei -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):90-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11748. Epub 2012 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Inflammation/chemically induced/genetics/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia/cytology/immunology ; Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism ; Quinpirole/pharmacology ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/drug effects ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Diverse somatic mutation patterns and pathway alterations in human cancers (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-30
    Description: The systematic characterization of somatic mutations in cancer genomes is essential for understanding the disease and for developing targeted therapeutics. Here we report the identification of 2,576 somatic mutations across approximately 1,800 megabases of DNA representing 1,507 coding genes from 441 tumours comprising breast, lung, ovarian and prostate cancer types and subtypes. We found that mutation rates and the sets of mutated genes varied substantially across tumour types and subtypes. Statistical analysis identified 77 significantly mutated genes including protein kinases, G-protein-coupled receptors such as GRM8, BAI3, AGTRL1 (also called APLNR) and LPHN3, and other druggable targets. Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations identified another 35 significantly altered genes including GNAS, indicating an expanded role for galpha subunits in multiple cancer types. Furthermore, our experimental analyses demonstrate the functional roles of mutant GNAO1 (a Galpha subunit) and mutant MAP2K4 (a member of the JNK signalling pathway) in oncogenesis. Our study provides an overview of the mutational spectra across major human cancers and identifies several potential therapeutic targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kan, Zhengyan -- Jaiswal, Bijay S -- Stinson, Jeremy -- Janakiraman, Vasantharajan -- Bhatt, Deepali -- Stern, Howard M -- Yue, Peng -- Haverty, Peter M -- Bourgon, Richard -- Zheng, Jianbiao -- Moorhead, Martin -- Chaudhuri, Subhra -- Tomsho, Lynn P -- Peters, Brock A -- Pujara, Kanan -- Cordes, Shaun -- Davis, David P -- Carlton, Victoria E H -- Yuan, Wenlin -- Li, Li -- Wang, Weiru -- Eigenbrot, Charles -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Eberhard, David A -- Waring, Paul -- Schuster, Stephan C -- Modrusan, Zora -- Zhang, Zemin -- Stokoe, David -- de Sauvage, Frederic J -- Faham, Malek -- Seshagiri, Somasekar -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):869-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09208. Epub 2010 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/classification/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/classification/genetics ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4/genetics ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/classification/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/classification/genetics ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Signal Transduction/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    An alternative pluripotent state confers interspecies chimaeric competency (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-07
    Description: Pluripotency, the ability to generate any cell type of the body, is an evanescent attribute of embryonic cells. Transitory pluripotent cells can be captured at different time points during embryogenesis and maintained as embryonic stem cells or epiblast stem cells in culture. Since ontogenesis is a dynamic process in both space and time, it seems counterintuitive that these two temporal states represent the full spectrum of organismal pluripotency. Here we show that by modulating culture parameters, a stem-cell type with unique spatial characteristics and distinct molecular and functional features, designated as region-selective pluripotent stem cells (rsPSCs), can be efficiently obtained from mouse embryos and primate pluripotent stem cells, including humans. The ease of culturing and editing the genome of human rsPSCs offers advantages for regenerative medicine applications. The unique ability of human rsPSCs to generate post-implantation interspecies chimaeric embryos may facilitate our understanding of early human development and evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jun -- Okamura, Daiji -- Li, Mo -- Suzuki, Keiichiro -- Luo, Chongyuan -- Ma, Li -- He, Yupeng -- Li, Zhongwei -- Benner, Chris -- Tamura, Isao -- Krause, Marie N -- Nery, Joseph R -- Du, Tingting -- Zhang, Zhuzhu -- Hishida, Tomoaki -- Takahashi, Yuta -- Aizawa, Emi -- Kim, Na Young -- Lajara, Jeronimo -- Guillen, Pedro -- Campistol, Josep M -- Esteban, Concepcion Rodriguez -- Ross, Pablo J -- Saghatelian, Alan -- Ren, Bing -- Ecker, Joseph R -- Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):316-21. doi: 10.1038/nature14413. Epub 2015 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Integrated Genomics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA. ; 1] The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. ; Grado en Medicina, Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Spain. ; 1] Grado en Medicina, Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Spain [2] Fundacion Pedro Guillen, Clinica Cemtro, Avenida Ventisquero de la Condesa, 42, 28035 Madrid, Spain. ; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. ; University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. ; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Peptide Biology Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25945737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Line ; *Chimera ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Female ; Germ Layers/cytology ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Pan troglodytes ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Regenerative Medicine ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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